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Mauro MS, Finocchiaro S, Calderone D, Rochira C, Agnello F, Scalia L, Capodanno D. Antithrombotic strategies for preventing graft failure in coronary artery bypass graft. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:547-557. [PMID: 38491265 PMCID: PMC11026197 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures face challenges related to graft failure, driven by factors such as acute thrombosis, neointimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Despite extensive efforts over four decades, the optimal antithrombotic strategy to prevent graft occlusion while minimizing bleeding risks remains uncertain, relying heavily on expert opinions rather than definitive guidelines. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a review of randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses of antithrombotic therapy for patients with CABG. These studies examined various antithrombotic regimens in CABG such as single antiplatelet therapy (aspirin or P2Y12 inhibitors), dual antiplatelet therapy, and anticoagulation therapy. We evaluated outcomes including the patency of grafts, major adverse cardiovascular events, and bleeding complications and also explored future perspectives to enhance long-term outcomes for CABG patients. Early studies established aspirin as a key component of antithrombotic pharmacotherapy after CABG. Subsequent randomized controlled trials focused on adding a P2Y12 inhibitor (such as clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel) to aspirin, yielding mixed results. This article aims to inform clinical decision-making and guide the selection of antithrombotic strategies after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sara Mauro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Finocchiaro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Calderone
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Rochira
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Agnello
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scalia
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy.
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Khandayataray P, Samal D, Murthy MK. Arsenic and adipose tissue: an unexplored pathway for toxicity and metabolic dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8291-8311. [PMID: 38165541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic-contaminated drinking water can induce various disorders by disrupting lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance. It inhibits adipocyte development and exacerbates insulin resistance, though the precise impact on lipid synthesis and lipolysis remains unclear. This review aims to explore the processes and pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis within adipose tissue concerning arsenic-induced diabetes. Although arsenic exposure is linked to type 2 diabetes, the specific role of adipose tissue in its pathogenesis remains uncertain. The review delves into arsenic's effects on adipose tissue and related signaling pathways, such as SIRT3-FOXO3a, Ras-MAP-AP-1, PI(3)-K-Akt, endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, CHOP10, and GPCR pathways, emphasizing the role of adipokines. This analysis relies on existing literature, striving to offer a comprehensive understanding of different adipokine categories contributing to arsenic-induced diabetes. The findings reveal that arsenic detrimentally impacts white adipose tissue (WAT) by reducing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. Epidemiological studies have hinted at a potential link between arsenic exposure and obesity development, with limited research suggesting a connection to lipodystrophy. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanistic association between arsenic exposure and impaired adipose tissue function, ultimately leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Khandayataray
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752057, India
| | - Dibyaranjan Samal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Satya Sai University of Technical and Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, 466001, India
| | - Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Mota L, Zhu M, Li J, Contreras M, Aridi T, Tomeo JN, Stafford A, Mooney DJ, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Ferran C, LoGerfo FW, Liang P. Perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of thrombospondin-2 small interfering RNA decreases development of intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23321. [PMID: 38031974 PMCID: PMC10726962 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301359r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bypass graft failure occurs in 20%-50% of coronary and lower extremity bypasses within the first-year due to intimal hyperplasia (IH). TSP-2 is a key regulatory protein that has been implicated in the development of IH following vessel injury. In this study, we developed a biodegradable CLICK-chemistry gelatin-based hydrogel to achieve sustained perivascular delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to rat carotid arteries following endothelial denudation injury. At 21 days, perivascular application of TSP-2 siRNA embedded hydrogels significantly downregulated TSP-2 gene expression, cellular proliferation, as well as other associated mediators of IH including MMP-9 and VEGF-R2, ultimately resulting in a significant decrease in IH. Our data illustrates the ability of perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to mitigate IH following arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mota
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Max Zhu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Jennifer Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Tarek Aridi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - John N. Tomeo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Alexander Stafford
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- The Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
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Renu K, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Wanjari UR, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Veeraraghavan VP, Vinayagam S, Paz-Montelongo S, George A, Vellingiri B, Madhyastha H. Protective effects of macromolecular polyphenols, metals (zinc, selenium, and copper) - Polyphenol complexes, and different organs with an emphasis on arsenic poisoning: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126715. [PMID: 37673136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
For the potential health benefits and nutritional value, polyphenols are one of the secondary metabolites of plants that have received extensive research. It has anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity-reducing properties in addition to a high antioxidant content. Macromolecular polyphenols and polysaccharides are biologically active natural polymers with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Arsenic is an ecologically toxic metalloid. Arsenic in drinking water is the most common way people come into contact with this metalloid. While arsenic is known to cause cancer, it is also used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The treatment's effectiveness is hampered by the adverse effects it can cause on the body. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and the inability to regulate cell death cause the most adverse effects. Polyphenols and other macromolecules like polysaccharides act as neuroprotectants by mitigating free radical damage, inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production, lowering A42 fibril formation, boosting antioxidant levels, and controlling apoptosis and inflammation. To prevent the harmful effects of toxins, polyphenols and pectin lower oxidative stress, boost antioxidant levels, improve mitochondrial function, control apoptosis, and suppress inflammation. Therefore, it prevents damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system. This review aims to identify the effects of the polyphenols in conjugation with polysaccharides as an ameliorative strategy for arsenic-induced toxicity in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Area de Toxicologia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain; Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 1692, Japan.
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Ladak SS, McQueen LW, Layton GR, Aujla H, Adebayo A, Zakkar M. The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Onset, Development and Modulation of Vein Graft Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3066. [PMID: 36231026 PMCID: PMC9561968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells comprise the intimal layer of the vasculature, playing a crucial role in facilitating and regulating aspects such nutrient transport, vascular homeostasis, and inflammatory response. Given the importance of these cells in maintaining a healthy haemodynamic environment, dysfunction of the endothelium is central to a host of vascular diseases and is a key predictor of cardiovascular risk. Of note, endothelial dysfunction is believed to be a key driver for vein graft disease-a pathology in which vein grafts utilised in coronary artery bypass graft surgery develop intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis, resulting in poor long-term patency rates. Activation and denudation of the endothelium following surgical trauma and implantation of the graft encourage a host of immune, inflammatory, and cellular differentiation responses that risk driving the graft to failure. This review aims to provide an overview of the current working knowledge regarding the role of endothelial cells in the onset, development, and modulation of vein graft disease, as well as addressing current surgical and medical management approaches which aim to beneficially modulate endothelial function and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Hu K, Guo Y, Li Y, Lu C, Cai C, Zhou S, Ke Z, Li Y, Wang W. Oxidative stress: An essential factor in the process of arteriovenous fistula failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:984472. [PMID: 36035909 PMCID: PMC9403606 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.984472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than half a century, arteriovenous fistula (AVFs) has been recognized as a lifeline for patients requiring hemodialysis (HD). With its higher long-term patency rate and lower probability of complications, AVF is strongly recommended by guidelines in different areas as the first choice for vascular access for HD patients, and its proportion of application is gradually increasing. Despite technological improvements and advances in the standards of postoperative care, many deficiencies are still encountered in the use of AVF related to its high incidence of failure due to unsuccessful maturation to adequately support HD and the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), which narrows the AVF lumen. AVF failure is linked to the activation and migration of vascular cells and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, where complex interactions between cytokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory mediators lead to poor adaptive remodeling. Oxidative stress also plays a vital role in AVF failure, and a growing amount of data suggest a link between AVF failure and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the present understanding of the pathophysiology of AVF failure. Furthermore, we focus on the relation between oxidative stress and AVF dysfunction. Finally, we discuss potential therapies for addressing AVF failure based on targeting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjun Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunchang Zhou
- Center of Experimental Animals, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunxiang Ke
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Li,
| | - Weici Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Weici Wang,
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High stretch induces endothelial dysfunction accompanied by oxidative stress and actin remodeling in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13493. [PMID: 34188159 PMCID: PMC8242094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of the remodeling of the arterialized saphenous vein conduit limits the outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), which may be influenced by endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that high stretch (HS) induces human saphenous vein endothelial cell (hSVEC) dysfunction and examined candidate underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that in vitro HS reduces NO bioavailability, increases inflammatory adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin and VCAM1) and THP-1 cell adhesion. HS decreases F-actin in hSVECs, but not in human arterial endothelial cells, and is accompanied by G-actin and cofilin’s nuclear shuttling and increased reactive oxidative species (ROS). Pre-treatment with the broad-acting antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supported this observation and diminished stretch-induced actin remodeling and inflammatory adhesive molecule expression. Altogether, we provide evidence that increased oxidative stress and actin cytoskeleton remodeling play a role in HS-induced saphenous vein endothelial cell dysfunction, which may contribute to predisposing saphenous vein graft to failure.
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Zhuang Y, Zhang C, Cheng M, Huang J, Liu Q, Yuan G, Lin K, Yu H. Challenges and strategies for in situ endothelialization and long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1791-1809. [PMID: 33336112 PMCID: PMC7721596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of ischemic necrosis of tissue and organ, which even result in dysfunction and death. Vascular regeneration or artificial vascular graft, as the conventional treatment modality, has received keen attentions. However, small-diameter (diameter < 4 mm) vascular grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH), which makes long-term lumen patency challengeable. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner endothelium layer, and are crucial for anti-coagulation and thrombogenesis. Thus, promoting in situ endothelialization in vascular graft remodeling takes top priority, which requires recruitment of endothelia progenitor cells (EPCs), migration, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs. Chemotaxis aimed at ligands on EPC surface can be utilized for EPC homing, while nanofibrous structure, biocompatible surface and cell-capturing molecules on graft surface can be applied for cell adhesion. Moreover, cell orientation can be regulated by topography of scaffold, and cell bioactivity can be modulated by growth factors and therapeutic genes. Additionally, surface modification can also reduce thrombogenesis, and some drug release can inhibit IH. Considering the influence of macrophages on ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), scaffolds loaded with drugs that can promote M2 polarization are alternative strategies. In conclusion, the advanced strategies for enhanced long-term lumen patency of vascular grafts are summarized in this review. Strategies for recruitment of EPCs, adhesion, proliferation and activation of EPCs and ECs, anti-thrombogenesis, anti-IH, and immunomodulation are discussed. Ideal vascular grafts with appropriate surface modification, loading and fabrication strategies are required in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mengjia Cheng
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyang Huang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qingcheng Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Zhang R, Ji Z, Cai J, Li Y, Ma G. Clinical Significance of Serum Kallistatin and ENOX1 Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:339-346. [PMID: 32712615 PMCID: PMC8436622 DOI: 10.1159/000510427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallistatin and ENOX1 are regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress which are typical pathological reactions in atherosclerosis. However, there is limited information of kallistatin and ENOX1 in coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Fifty healthy controls, 56 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, and 47 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients were included in this study. Levels of kallistatin and ENOX1 in serum were measured by ELISA. χ2 test was performed to analyze categorical data. ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the numerical data. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the diagnostic value of kallistatin in CHD. RESULTS Among the 153 participants, 59.5% were male and the average age was 63.8 ± 11.39 years. Compared with the control group, kallistatin expression was decreased in the SAP and ACS groups while expression of ENOX1 was increased in the ACS group (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the kallistatin level was negatively correlated with the Gensini score (r = -0.210, p < 0.01), white blood cell (WBC) count (r = -0.283, p < 0.001), and triglyceride levels (r = -0.242, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with age (r = 0.353, p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.310, p < 0.001). ENOX1 expression was positively correlated with WBC count (r = 0.244, p < 0.01), international normalized ratio (r = 0.177, p < 0.05), and Gensini score (r = 0.201, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that Cr, alanine transaminase, glucose, and kallistatin are independent predictors for Gensini score. The ROC curve showed that kallistatin had the highest diagnostic significance (p = 0.007) when the area under curve was 0.636, with a sensitivity of 0.735 and a specificity of 0.495. CONCLUSION Expression of kallistatin was decreased in CHD patients and that of ENOX1 was increased in ACS patients. Kallistatin and ENOX1 were closely connected with the severity of CHD, and kallistatin may be helpful in the diagnosis of CHD.
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Trocha KM, Kip P, Tao M, MacArthur MR, Treviño-Villarreal JH, Longchamp A, Toussaint W, Lambrecht BN, de Vries MR, Quax PHA, Mitchell JR, Ozaki CK. Short-term preoperative protein restriction attenuates vein graft disease via induction of cystathionine γ-lyase. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:416-428. [PMID: 30924866 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Therapies to prevent vein graft disease, a major problem in cardiovascular and lower extremity bypass surgeries, are currently lacking. Short-term preoperative protein restriction holds promise as an effective preconditioning method against surgical stress in rodent models, but whether it can improve vein graft patency after bypass surgery is undetermined. Here, we hypothesized that short-term protein restriction would limit vein graft disease via up-regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase and increased endogenous production of the cytoprotective gaseous signalling molecule hydrogen sulfide. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were preconditioned for 1 week on a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet with or without protein prior to left common carotid interposition vein graft surgery with caval veins from donor mice on corresponding diets. Both groups were returned to a complete HFHC diet post-operatively, and vein grafts analysed 4 or 28 days later. A novel global transgenic cystathionine γ-lyase overexpressing mouse model was also employed to study effects of genetic overexpression on graft patency. Protein restriction decreased vein graft intimal/media+adventitia area and thickness ratios and intimal smooth muscle cell infiltration 28 days post-operatively, and neutrophil transmigration 4 days post-operatively. Protein restriction increased cystathionine γ-lyase protein expression in aortic and caval vein endothelial cells (ECs) and frequency of lung EC producing hydrogen sulfide. The cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor propargylglycine abrogated protein restriction-mediated protection from graft failure and the increase in hydrogen sulfide-producing ECs, while cystathionine γ-lyase transgenic mice displayed increased hydrogen sulfide production capacity and were protected from vein graft disease independent of diet. CONCLUSION One week of protein restriction attenuates vein graft disease via increased cystathionine γ-lyase expression and hydrogen sulfide production, and decreased early inflammation. Dietary or pharmacological interventions to increase cystathionine γ-lyase or hydrogen sulfide may thus serve as new and practical strategies to improve vein graft durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar M Trocha
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kip
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy Toussaint
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Baganha F, de Jong A, Jukema JW, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. The Role of Immunomodulation in Vein Graft Remodeling and Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:100-109. [PMID: 32542547 PMCID: PMC7892738 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive arterial disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Venous bypass graft surgery is one of the most frequently used revascularization strategies despite its considerable short and long time failure rate. Due to vessel wall remodeling, inflammation, intimal hyperplasia, and accelerated atherosclerosis, vein grafts may (ultimately) fail to revascularize tissues downstream to occlusive atherosclerotic lesions. In the past decades, little has changed in the prevention of vein graft failure (VGF) although new insights in the role of innate and adaptive immunity in VGF have emerged. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of VGF, emphasizing the role of immune response and associated factors related to VG remodeling and failure. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic options that can improve patency based on data from both preclinical studies and the latest clinical trials. This review contributes to the insights in the role of immunomodulation in vein graft failure in humans. We describe the effects of immune cells and related factors in early (thrombosis), intermediate (inward remodeling and intimal hyperplasia), and late (intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis) failure based on both preclinical (mouse) models and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alwin de Jong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Ji Q, Wang YL, Xia LM, Yang Y, Wang CS, Mei YQ. High shear stress suppresses proliferation and migration but promotes apoptosis of endothelial cells co-cultured with vascular smooth muscle cells via down-regulating MAPK pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 14:216. [PMID: 31831023 PMCID: PMC6909635 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-019-1025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early neointimal hyperplasia of vein graft may be ameliorated via enhancing intravenous surface shear stress. Cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may play very important roles in the process of neointimal hyperplasia of vein graft; and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 pathways play vital roles in regulating a large variety of cellular processes. This study evaluated the impacts of shear stress and MAPK pathways on cellular processes of ECs in a co-culture system with VSMCs, and aimed to test the hypothesis that high shear stress suppresses proliferation and migration but promotes apoptosis of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs via down-regulating MAPK pathway. Methods Primary ECs and VSMCs derived from porcine great saphenous vein were collected, respectively. 4–7 generation of cells were used as work cells. ECs and VSMCs were co-cultured and synchronized under high and low shear stress using Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber system. And then, ECs co-cultured with VSMCs were incubated with U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) or PD98059 (p38 inhibitor) under different shear stress. Proliferation, apoptosis and migration of ECs in a co-culture system with VSMCs were detected by 4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl (MTT) assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique, and Transwell assay separately. Each test repeated 3 times. Additionally, protein expressions of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were detected by using Western blot, respectively. Results Under higher level of shear stress condition, proliferation and migration of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs were suppressed, while cell apoptosis was promoted. And blocking ERK1/2 pathway by U0126 or blocking p38 pathway by PD98059, proliferation and migration of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs were further suppressed, while cell apoptosis was further promoted. Additionally, protein expressions of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were decreased under higher level of shear stress condition, and were further reduced by blocking ERK1/2 or p38 pathway under shear stress condition. Conclusions High shear stress may suppress proliferation and apoptosis of ECs in a co-culture system with VSMCs but promote cell migration via down-regulating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Min Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1609 Xietu Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1609 Xietu Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yun Qing Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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13
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Saphenous vein grafts in contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:155-169. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Lu H, Sun L, Chen W, Zhou Y, Liu K, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Tian H. Sirtuin 3 Therapy Attenuates Aging Expression, Oxidative Stress Parameters, and Neointimal Hyperplasia Formation in Vein Grafts. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:303-317. [PMID: 31394214 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein graft (VG) failure due to neointimal hyperplasia remains an important and unresolved problem in cardiovascular surgery. Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is associated with oxidative stress and lifespan. We aimed to measure SIRT3 expression in the veins of humans and rats during aging, explore the inhibitory effects of SIRT3 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in VGs, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS SIRT3 mRNA and protein levels in saphenous veins of young and older humans and in veins of young and old rats were measured by quantitative real-time polymerized chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. Young and old male rats were randomized to the control (control), graft (graft), adenovirus-encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP), and adenovirus encoding SIRT3 (Ad-SIRT3) groups. At 7 days after operation, the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT3 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and enzymatic activity assay kits, and total nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by biochemical assay kits. Histomorphometric analysis of VGs and immunohistochemical staining for proliferative activity were performed at 4 weeks after operation. The hemodynamic parameters of the VGs were also measured by ultrasonic examination. RESULTS SIRT3 mRNA and protein levels were lower in older human and rat veins than in younger human and rat veins. Ad-SIRT3 treatment significantly increased the expression and concentration of SIRT3, MnSOD, CAT, eNOS, and NO in VGs at 7 days after operation. Ad-SIRT3 gene transfer reduced the neointimal thickness and neointimal area/media area ratio in the VGs of the Ad-SIRT3 groups compared with the graft and Ad-GFP groups, especially in old rats. Proliferative activity was lower in the Ad-SIRT3 groups than in the other groups. The hemodynamic parameters of VGs were obviously improved in the Ad-SIRT3 groups. CONCLUSIONS SIRT3 expression decreases in the veins of humans and rats during aging. Furthermore, SIRT3 overexpression can significantly reduce VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in VGs. Local intravenous delivery of adenovirus encoding SIRT3 may be a promising gene therapy for preventing VG failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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15
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Zhu J, Ye Q, Xu S, Chang YX, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Hua S. Shengmai injection alleviates H 2O 2‑induced oxidative stress through activation of AKT and inhibition of ERK pathways in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111677. [PMID: 30615921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shengmai injection (SMI) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) officially recorded in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version 2015) and has long been used to treat heart failure in China. However scientific evidence for the anti-oxidative stress potential of SMI used in traditional medicine is lacking. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SMI in alleviating H2O2‑induced Oxidative Stress the underlying mechanisms MATERIALS AND METHODS: H2O2-induced oxidative stress model of cardiomyocytes was established with primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. CCK8 cell viability assay and lacatate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay were performed to ensure the safety dose and lowest effective dose for the mode employing CCK-8 cell viability assay kit and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay kit. ROS levels were determined using CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe in cardiomyocytes with H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The change of NAD(P)H level in cardiomyocytes was evaluated during the process of oxidative stress. The content of myocardial cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+ was determined using Fura-2/AM and Rhod 2-AM fluorescent probe in mitochondrial in the process of oxidative stress. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was applied to examine the apoptotic cells in cardiomyocytes with oxidative stress. To identify the apoptosis after oxidative stress myocardial cells with the application of Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining apoptosis detection kit. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to measure the expression of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR). Western blot was performed to observe the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. RESULTS SMI was shown to significantly attenuate oxidative stress-induced cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, SMI treatment could decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduce the overloads of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and mitochondrial Ca2+ induced by H2O2. SMI could also restore the mRNA expression and activities of SOD, GSR, and CAT suppressed by H2O2. Mechanistically, SMI upregulated intracellular AKT phosphorylation and downregulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with LY294002, an AKT phosphorylation inhibitor, suppressed the protective role of SMI in cardiomyocytes, while pretreatment with PD98059, an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, enhanced the effect of SMI. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SMI may attenuate oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes potentially through the AKT and ERK1/2 pathway and can function as a promising injectable traditional Chinese medicine to treat oxidative stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiaofeng Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shengyu Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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16
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Renu K, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Maruyama M, Arunachlam S, V.G. A. Role of arsenic exposure in adipose tissue dysfunction and its possible implication in diabetes pathophysiology. Toxicol Lett 2018; 284:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Kupreishvili K, Meischl C, Vonk ABA, Stooker W, Eijsman L, Blom AM, Quax PHA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM, Krijnen PAJ. Arterial Blood Pressure Induces Transient C4b-Binding Protein in Human Saphenous Vein Grafts. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 41:259-264. [PMID: 28163174 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement is an important mediator in arterial blood pressure-induced vein graft failure. Previously, we noted activation of cell protective mechanisms in human saphenous veins too. Here we have analyzed whether C4b-binding protein (C4bp), an endogenous complement inhibitor, is present in the vein wall. METHODS Human saphenous vein segments obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 55) were perfused in vitro at arterial blood pressure with either autologous blood for 1, 2, 4, or 6 hr or with autologous blood supplemented with reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. The segments were subsequently analyzed quantitatively for presence of C4bp and complement activation product C3d using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Perfusion induced deposition of C3d and C4bp within the media of the vessel wall, which increased reproducibly and significantly over a period of 4 hr up to 3.8% for C3d and 81% for C4bp of the total vessel area. Remarkably after 6 hr of perfusion, the C3d-positive area decreased significantly to 1.3% and the C4bp-positive area to 19% of the total area of the vein. The areas positive for both C4bp and C3d were increased in the presence of N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to arterial blood pressure leads to a transient presence of C4bp in the vein wall. This may be part of a cell-protective mechanism to counteract arterial blood pressure-induced cellular stress and inflammation in grafted veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koba Kupreishvili
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christof Meischl
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B A Vonk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Stooker
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Eijsman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Ellinsworth DC, Sandow SL, Shukla N, Liu Y, Jeremy JY, Gutterman DD. Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarization and Coronary Vasodilation: Diverse and Integrated Roles of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Gap Junctions. Microcirculation 2016; 23:15-32. [PMID: 26541094 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion and coronary vascular resistance are regulated by signaling metabolites released from the local myocardium that act either directly on the VSMC or indirectly via stimulation of the endothelium. A prominent mechanism of vasodilation is EDH of the arteriolar smooth muscle, with EETs and H(2)O(2) playing important roles in EDH in the coronary microcirculation. In some cases, EETs and H(2)O(2) are released as transferable hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) that act directly on the VSMCs. By contrast, EETs and H(2)O(2) can also promote endothelial KCa activity secondary to the amplification of extracellular Ca(2+) influx and Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores, respectively. The resulting endothelial hyperpolarization may subsequently conduct to the media via myoendothelial gap junctions or potentially lead to the release of a chemically distinct factor(s). Furthermore, in human isolated coronary arterioles dilator signaling involving EETs and H(2)O(2) may be integrated, being either complimentary or inhibitory depending on the stimulus. With an emphasis on the human coronary microcirculation, this review addresses the diverse and integrated mechanisms by which EETs and H(2)O(2) regulate vessel tone and also examines the hypothesis that myoendothelial microdomain signaling facilitates EDH activity in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nilima Shukla
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yanping Liu
- Division of Research Infrastructure, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie Y Jeremy
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David D Gutterman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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de Vries MR, Simons KH, Jukema JW, Braun J, Quax PHA. Vein graft failure: from pathophysiology to clinical outcomes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:451-70. [PMID: 27194091 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Occlusive arterial disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aside from balloon angioplasty, bypass graft surgery is the most commonly performed revascularization technique for occlusive arterial disease. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is performed in patients with left main coronary artery disease and three-vessel coronary disease, whereas peripheral artery bypass graft surgery is used to treat patients with late-stage peripheral artery occlusive disease. The great saphenous veins are commonly used conduits for surgical revascularization; however, they are associated with a high failure rate. Therefore, preservation of vein graft patency is essential for long-term surgical success. With the exception of 'no-touch' techniques and lipid-lowering and antiplatelet (aspirin) therapy, no intervention has hitherto unequivocally proven to be clinically effective in preventing vein graft failure. In this Review, we describe both preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying vein graft failure, and the latest therapeutic options to improve patency for both coronary and peripheral grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin H Simons
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jerry Braun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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20
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Wise ES, Hocking KM, Eagle S, Absi T, Komalavilas P, Cheung-Flynn J, Brophy CM. Preservation solution impacts physiologic function and cellular viability of human saphenous vein graft. Surgery 2015; 158:537-46. [PMID: 26003912 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent clinical data suggest intraoperative preservation of human saphenous vein (HSV) in normal saline is associated with vein graft failure. We evaluated the influence of several preservation media on acute physiologic function and cellular viability of HSV conduit. METHODS Unprepared (UP) HSV obtained from coronary artery bypass graft patients was characterized on a muscle bath after 2-hour storage in 6 solutions: Plasma-Lyte A, 0.9% NaCl (normal saline), University of Wisconsin solution, Celsior solution, autologous whole blood, or glutathione-ascorbic acid L-arginine (GALA) solution. Vascular smooth muscle contractility was assessed after exposure to depolarizing KCl and phenylephrine. The relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted HSV to sodium nitroprusside and carbachol (endothelial-independent and -dependent relaxation, respectively) was also assessed. Cellular viability was determined via the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Rat aortae were used to assess the effect of pH during graft preservation on endothelial-dependent relaxation. RESULTS Preservation of HSV in normal saline and autologous whole blood impaired contractile responses to KCl relative to UP tissues, whereas preservation in University of Wisconsin solution and Celsior solution enhanced contractile responses (P < .05). Relative to UP tissues, responses to phenylephrine were decreased with preservation in normal saline, whereas preservation in University of Wisconsin solution, Celsior solution, and GALA all potentiated these responses (P < .05). Only preservation in normal saline impaired endothelial-independent relaxation (P = .005). Preservation in Plasma-Lyte A (P = .02), normal saline (P = .002), and University of Wisconsin solution (P = .02) impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation. Normal saline preservation decreased MTT viability index relative to UP tissues (0.02 ± 0.002 mg(-1)0.5 mL(-1) vs 0.033 ± 0.005 mg(-1)0.5 mL(-1); P = .03). Endothelial function was impaired by acidic pH in rat aorta. CONCLUSION Preservation of HSV in normal saline causes graft injury leading to impaired physiologic function and decreased viability of the HSV. This harm is mitigated by the use of buffered salt solutions as preservation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wise
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
| | - Kyle M Hocking
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Susan Eagle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tarek Absi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Padmini Komalavilas
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Colleen M Brophy
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Ellinsworth DC. Arsenic, Reactive Oxygen, and Endothelial Dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:458-64. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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22
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Jeremy JY, Shukla N. Ceruloplasmin dysfunction: a key factor in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation? J Intern Med 2014; 275:191-4. [PMID: 24188106 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeremy
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Cavalca V, Tremoli E, Porro B, Veglia F, Myasoedova V, Squellerio I, Manzone D, Zanobini M, Trezzi M, Di Minno MND, Werba JP, Tedesco C, Alamanni F, Parolari A. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide pathway in adult patients who are candidates for cardiac surgery: patterns and differences. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 17:923-30. [PMID: 24014619 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether oxidative stress and the arginine/nitric oxide pathway differ in control subjects and in adult patients who are candidates for the three most common cardiac surgical operations: coronary bypass surgery, aortic valve replacement for calcific non-rheumatic aortic stenosis or mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral insufficiency. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we studied 165 consecutive patients undergoing surgery from January to June 2011 (coronary bypass surgery, n = 63; aortic valve replacement for calcific non-rheumatic aortic stenosis, n = 51; mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral insufficiency, n = 51). Thirty-three healthy subjects with cardiovascular risk factors similar to surgery patients were also studied (Controls). Oxidative stress (the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione and urinary isoprostane), antioxidants (alpha- and gamma tocopherol) and factors involved in nitric oxide synthesis (arginine, symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine) were measured before surgery. Analysis of variance general linear models and principal component analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Surgical patients had increased levels of oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidants. Increased levels of nitric oxide inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine were detected in surgical candidates, suggesting arginine/nitric oxide pathway impairment. Concerning the differences among surgical procedures, higher oxidative stress and a major imbalance of the ratio between substrate and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis were evidenced in patients who were candidates for mitral valve repair with respect to coronary bypass surgery patients and patients with calcific non-rheumatic aortic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have increased oxidative stress and a trend towards an impaired arginine/nitric oxide pathway with respect to Controls. Patients affected by mitral valve regurgitation show more pronounced perturbations in these pathways. The clinical implications of these findings need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cavalca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Osgood MJ, Hocking KM, Voskresensky IV, Li FD, Komalavilas P, Cheung-Flynn J, Brophy CM. Surgical vein graft preparation promotes cellular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and intimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein. J Vasc Surg 2013; 60:202-11. [PMID: 23911244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human saphenous vein (HSV) is the most widely used bypass conduit for peripheral and coronary vascular reconstructions. However, outcomes are limited by a high rate of intimal hyperplasia (IH). HSV undergoes a series of ex vivo surgical manipulations prior to implantation, including hydrostatic distension, marking, and warm ischemia in solution. We investigated the impact of surgical preparation on HSV cellular function and development of IH in organ culture. We hypothesized that oxidative stress is a mediator of HSV dysfunction. METHODS HSV was collected from patients undergoing vascular bypass before and after surgical preparation. Smooth muscle and endothelial function were measured using a muscle bath. Endothelial preservation was assessed with immunohistochemical staining. An organ culture model was used to investigate the influence of surgical preparation injury on the development of IH. Superoxide levels were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay. The influence of oxidative stress on HSV physiologic responses was investigated by exposing HSV to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). RESULTS Surgical vein graft preparation resulted in smooth muscle and endothelial dysfunction, endothelial denudation, diminished endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining, development of increased IH, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Experimental induction of oxidative stress in unmanipulated HSV by treatment with H2O2 promoted endothelial dysfunction. Duration of storage time in solution did not contribute to smooth muscle or endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Surgical vein graft preparation causes dysfunction of the smooth muscle and endothelium, endothelial denudation, reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, and promotes IH in organ culture. Moreover, increased levels of reactive oxygen species are produced and may promote further vein graft dysfunction. These results argue for less injurious means of preparing HSV prior to autologous transplantation into the arterial circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osgood
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - Kyle M Hocking
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Igor V Voskresensky
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Fan Dong Li
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military District, Jinan Military District, China
| | - Padmini Komalavilas
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Surgery, Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Colleen M Brophy
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Surgery, Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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25
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Pan LL, Liu XH, Shen YQ, Wang NZ, Xu J, Wu D, Xiong QH, Deng HY, Huang GY, Zhu YZ. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4-related signaling by sodium hydrosulfide attenuates myocardial fibrotic response. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3770-8. [PMID: 23830348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the development of heart failure. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with potent cardioprotective properties; however, whether H2S is involved in fibrotic process remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of H2S in the process of cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was established in rats by ligation of coronary artery. Activation of rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts was induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Fibrotic responses in ischemic myocardium and in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts were examined. The effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor) on NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) were tested to elucidate the protective mechanisms of H2S on fibrotic response. RESULTS NaHS treatment inhibited Ang II-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and type I collagen and upregulated expression of HO-1 in cardiac fibroblasts. Ang II-induced Nox4 expression in cardiac fibroblasts was quenched by NaHS and this was associated with a decreased ROS production and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and CTGF expression. In vivo studies using MI model indicated that NaHS administration attenuated Nox4 expression and fibrotic response. Moreover, NaHS therapy also prevented cardiac inflammatory response accompanied by increases in HO-1 and CSE expression. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effect of H2S, at least in part, was associated with a decrease of Nox4-ROS-ERK1/2 signaling axis and an increase in HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Failure to maintain myoglobin (Mb) in the reduced state causes the formation of metMb, ferryl Mb species, and cross-linked Mb. Dissociation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX from the globin and release of iron atoms can also occur as oxidized Mb accumulates. These modifications may contribute to various oxidative pathologies in muscle and muscle foods. RECENT ADVANCES The mechanism of ferryl Mb-mediated oxidative damage to nearby structures has been partially elucidated. Dissociation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX from metMb occurs more readily at acidic pH values. The dissociated ferriprotoporphyrin IX (also called hemin) readily decomposes preformed lipid hydroperoxides to reactive oxygen species. Heme oxygenase as well as lipophilic free radicals can degrade the protoporphyrin IX moiety, which results in the formation of free iron. CRITICAL ISSUES The multiple pathways by which Mb can incur toxicity create difficulties in determining the major cause of oxidative damage in a particular system. Peroxides and low pH activate each of the oxidative Mb forms, ferriprotoporphyrin IX, and released iron. Determining the relative concentration of these species is technically difficult, but essential to a complete understanding of oxidative pathology in muscle tissue. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Improved methods to assess the different pathways of Mb toxicity are needed. Although significant advances have been made in the understanding of Mb interactions with other biomolecules, further investigation is needed to understand the physical and chemical nature of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Richards
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Southerland KW, Frazier SB, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Kontos CD. Gene therapy for the prevention of vein graft disease. Transl Res 2013; 161:321-38. [PMID: 23274305 PMCID: PMC3602161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in the medical management of atherosclerosis over the past several decades, many patients require arterial revascularization to reduce mortality and alleviate ischemic symptoms. Technological advancements have led to dramatic increases in the use of percutaneous and endovascular approaches, yet surgical revascularization (bypass surgery) with autologous vein grafts remains a mainstay of therapy for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. Although bypass surgery is highly efficacious in the short term, long-term outcomes are limited by relatively high failure rates as a result of intimal hyperplasia, which is a common feature of vein graft disease. The supply of native veins is limited, and many individuals require multiple grafts and repeat procedures. The need to prevent vein graft failure has led to great interest in gene therapy approaches to this problem. Bypass grafting presents an ideal opportunity for gene therapy, as surgically harvested vein grafts can be treated with gene delivery vectors ex vivo, thereby maximizing gene delivery while minimizing the potential for systemic toxicity and targeting the pathogenesis of vein graft disease at its onset. Here we will review the pathogenesis of vein graft disease and discuss vector delivery strategies and potential molecular targets for its prevention. We will summarize the preclinical and clinical literature on gene therapy in vein grafting and discuss additional considerations for future therapies to prevent vein graft disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Southerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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