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Zhang N, Pang C, Li Z, Xu F, Zhao L. Serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 as diagnostic biomarkers for noninvasive screening of cervical cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34977. [PMID: 37653753 PMCID: PMC10470760 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Identifying new biomarkers for the early detection of CC is an essential requirement in this field. CXCL8 was originally discovered because of its role in inflammation by binding to CXCR1 and CXCR2; however, it is now known to play an important role in cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression levels of potential biomarkers (CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2) and to explore their diagnostic potential in CC. METHODS The expression levels of serum CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 were investigated by kit method on Immulite-1000 in 30 healthy volunteers, 30 precancerous patients and 70 CC patients. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression of CXCL8 and CXCR2 was significantly higher in the serum of CC patients than in healthy volunteers, similar to the well-established tumor marker (squamous-cell cancerantigen [SCC]). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that the combination of CXCL8, CXCR2, and SCC had the highest diagnostic sensitivity and area under the curve value. Meanwhile, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were not very low. Moreover, high concentrations of CXCL8 and CXCR2 are associated with an increased risk of CC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data demonstrated that combined serum CXCL8, CXCR2, and SCC measurements are helpful for CC diagnosis and can be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of CC. Cytokines, such as CXCL8 and CXCR2, can be easily measured in most university hospital laboratories and in some private laboratories with a routine test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunsong Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenguo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Stewart V, Ronald PC. Sulfotyrosine residues: interaction specificity determinants for extracellular protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102232. [PMID: 35798140 PMCID: PMC9372746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation, a post-translational modification, can determine and often enhance protein–protein interaction specificity. Sulfotyrosyl residues (sTyrs) are formed by the enzyme tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase during protein maturation in the Golgi apparatus and most often occur singly or as a cluster within a six-residue span. With both negative charge and aromatic character, sTyr facilitates numerous atomic contacts as visualized in binding interface structural models, thus there is no discernible binding site consensus. Found exclusively in secreted proteins, in this review, we discuss the four broad sequence contexts in which sTyr has been observed: first, a solitary sTyr has been shown to be critical for diverse high-affinity interactions, such as between peptide hormones and their receptors, in both plants and animals. Second, sTyr clusters within structurally flexible anionic segments are essential for a variety of cellular processes, including coreceptor binding to the HIV-1 envelope spike protein during virus entry, chemokine interactions with receptors, and leukocyte rolling cell adhesion. Third, a subcategory of sTyr clusters is found in conserved acidic sequences termed hirudin-like motifs that enable proteins to interact with thrombin; consequently, many proven and potential therapeutic proteins derived from blood-consuming invertebrates depend on sTyrs for their activity. Finally, several proteins that interact with collagen or similar proteins contain one or more sTyrs within an acidic residue array. Refined methods to direct sTyr incorporation in peptides synthesized both in vitro and in vivo, together with continued advances in mass spectrometry and affinity detection, promise to accelerate discoveries of sTyr occurrence and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valley Stewart
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA.
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3
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Stark LE, Guan W, Colvin ME, LiWang PJ. The binding and specificity of chemokine binding proteins, through the lens of experiment and computation. Biomed J 2021; 45:439-453. [PMID: 34311129 PMCID: PMC9421921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small proteins that are critical for immune function, being primarily responsible for the activation and chemotaxis of leukocytes. As such, many viruses, as well as parasitic arthropods, have evolved systems to counteract chemokine function in order to maintain virulence, such as binding chemokines, mimicking chemokines, or producing analogs of transmembrane chemokine receptors that strongly bind their targets. The focus of this review is the large group of chemokine binding proteins (CBP) with an emphasis on those produced by mammalian viruses. Because many chemokines mediate inflammation, these CBP could possibly be used pharmaceutically as anti-inflammatory agents. In this review, we summarize the structural properties of a diverse set of CBP and describe in detail the chemokine binding properties of the poxvirus-encoded CBP called vCCI (viral CC Chemokine Inhibitor). Finally, we describe the current and emerging capabilities of combining computational simulation, structural analysis, and biochemical/biophysical experimentation to understand, and possibly re-engineer, protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stark
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Wenyan Guan
- Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Michael E Colvin
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343.
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4
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Wang M, Zhai X, Li J, Guan J, Xu S, Li Y, Zhu H. The Role of Cytokines in Predicting the Response and Adverse Events Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670391. [PMID: 34367136 PMCID: PMC8339552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with advanced cancer has been significantly improved due to the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Low response rate and high occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) make urgently need for ideal predictive biomarkers to identity efficient population and guide treatment strategies. Cytokines are small soluble proteins with a wide range of biological activity that are secreted by activated immune cells or tumor cells and act as a bridge between innate immunity, infection, inflammation and cancer. Cytokines can be detected in peripheral blood and suitable for dynamic detection. During the era of ICIs, many studies investigated the role of cytokines in prediction of the efficiency and toxicity of ICIs. Herein, we review the relevant studies on TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and other cytokines as biomarkers for predicting ICI-related reactions and adverse events, and explore the immunomodulatory mechanisms. Finally, the most important purpose of this review is to help identify predictors of ICI to screen patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhui Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - YuYing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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5
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Kline JM, Heusinkveld LE, Taranto E, Martin CB, Tomasi AG, Hsu IJ, Cho K, Khillan JS, Murphy PM, Pontejo SM. Structural and functional analysis of Ccr1l1, a Rodentia-restricted eosinophil-selective chemokine receptor homologue. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100373. [PMID: 33548230 PMCID: PMC7949164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Ccr1l1 (Ccr1-like 1) encodes an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with the highest homology to the inflammatory and highly promiscuous chemokine receptors Ccr1 and Ccr3 (70 and 50% amino acid identity, respectively). Ccr1l1 was first cloned in 1995, yet current knowledge of this putative chemokine receptor is limited to its gene organization and chromosomal localization. Here we report that Ccr1l1 is a Rodentia-specific gene selectively expressed in eosinophils. However, eosinophil phenotypes, development, and responsiveness to chemokines were all normal in naïve Ccr1l1 knockout mice. We demonstrate for the first time that recombinant Ccr1l1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of transfected cells and contains an extracellular N terminus and an intracellular C terminus, consistent with GPCR topology. Using receptor internalization, β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux, and chemotaxis assays, we excluded all 37 available mouse chemokines, including Ccr1 ligands, and two viral chemokines as Ccr1l1 ligands, and demonstrated that mouse Ccr1, but not Ccr1l1, exhibits constitutive signaling activity. However, sequence analysis and structural modeling revealed that Ccr1l1 is well equipped to act as a classical signaling GPCR, with N-terminal sulfotyrosines as the only signaling and chemokine-binding determinant absent in Ccr1l1. Hereof, we show that a sulfatable N-terminal Ccr1 Y18 residue is essential for chemotaxis and calcium responses induced by Ccl3 and Ccl9/10, but substituting the corresponding Ccr1l1 F19 residue with tyrosine failed to confer responsiveness to Ccr1 ligands. Although Ccr1l1 remains an extreme outlier in the chemokine receptor family, our study supports that it might respond to unidentified mouse chemokine ligands in eosinophil-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Kline
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren E Heusinkveld
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor Taranto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare B Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra G Tomasi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabel J Hsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio M Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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6
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Fullone MR, Lattanzi R, Maftei D, Bonaccorsi MC, Miele R. Analysis of role of aromatic residues in extracellular loop 2 of Prokineticin receptor 2 in ligand binding probed with genetically encoded photo-crosslinkers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183549. [PMID: 33412090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prokineticin 2 (PK2) and Prokineticin 2 beta (PK2β), products of alternative splicing of pk2 gene, are chemokine-like proteins. While PK2 mediates its biological activities by signaling with the same efficiency through two homologous G protein coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2), PK2β is able to bind specifically PKR1. Extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of chemokine receptors is a part of a transmembrane (TM) ligand binding site. In the ECL2 of PKR2 is present, as well as in all chemokine receptors, an aromatic residue cluster, involving tryptophan 212 localized four residues after an ECL2 conserved cysteine, and Phenylalanine 198 located in the top of TM 4. In this work, the photoactivatable unnatural amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine is incorporated by amber codon suppression technology into PKR2 in position 212. Experiments of photoactivatable cross-linking demonstrated the role of tryptophan in position 212 for binding the ligand contacting Tryptophan in position 24. We also analyzed the role of Phenylalanine 198 in the specificity of PKRs binding. The comparison of TM-bundle binding sites between PKR1 and PKR2 revealed that they are completely conserved except for one residue: valine 207 in human PKR1, which is phenylalanine 198 in human PKR2. The F198V mutation in PKR2 permits to obtain a receptor able to bind more efficiently PK2β, a ligand highly specific for PKR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Fullone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Miele
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Stephens BS, Ngo T, Kufareva I, Handel TM. Functional anatomy of the full-length CXCR4-CXCL12 complex systematically dissected by quantitative model-guided mutagenesis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaay5024. [PMID: 32665413 PMCID: PMC7437921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of their prominent roles in development, cancer, and HIV, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 have been the subject of numerous structural and functional studies, but the determinants of ligand binding, selectivity, and signaling are still poorly understood. Here, building on our latest structural model, we used a systematic mutagenesis strategy to dissect the functional anatomy of the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex. Key charge swap mutagenesis experiments provided evidence for pairwise interactions between oppositely charged residues in the receptor and chemokine, confirming the accuracy of the predicted orientation of the chemokine relative to the receptor and providing insight into ligand selectivity. Progressive deletion of N-terminal residues revealed an unexpected contribution of the receptor N terminus to chemokine signaling. This finding challenges a longstanding "two-site" hypothesis about the essential features of the receptor-chemokine interaction in which the N terminus contributes only to binding affinity. Our results suggest that although the interaction of the chemokine N terminus with the receptor-binding pocket is the key driver of signaling, the signaling amplitude depends on the extent to which the receptor N terminus binds the chemokine. Together with systematic characterization of other epitopes, these data enable us to propose an experimentally consistent structural model for how CXCL12 binds CXCR4 and initiates signal transmission through the receptor transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Darlot B, Eaton JRO, Geis-Asteggiante L, Yakala GK, Karuppanan K, Davies G, Robinson CV, Kawamura A, Bhattacharya S. Engineered anti-inflammatory peptides inspired by mapping an evasin-chemokine interaction. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10926-10939. [PMID: 32471866 PMCID: PMC7415964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines mediate leukocyte migration and homeostasis and are key targets in inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, cytokine storm, and chronic autoimmune disease. Chemokine redundancy and ensuing network robustness has frustrated therapeutic development. Salivary evasins from ticks bind multiple chemokines to overcome redundancy and are effective in several preclinical disease models. Their clinical development has not progressed because of concerns regarding potential immunogenicity, parenteral delivery, and cost. Peptides mimicking protein activity can overcome the perceived limitations of therapeutic proteins. Here we show that peptides possessing multiple chemokine-binding and anti-inflammatory activities can be developed from the chemokine-binding site of an evasin. We used hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS to map the binding interface of the evasin P672 that physically interacts with C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 8 and synthesized a 16-mer peptide (BK1.1) based on this interface region in evasin P672. Fluorescent polarization and native MS approaches showed that BK1.1 binds CCL8, CCL7, and CCL18 and disrupts CCL8 homodimerization. We show that a BK1.1 derivative, BK1.3, has substantially improved ability to disrupt P672 binding to CCL8, CCL2, and CCL3 in an AlphaScreen assay. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that BK1.3 directly binds CCL8. BK1.3 also has substantially improved ability to inhibit CCL8, CCL7, CCL2, and CCL3 chemotactic function in vitro We show that local as well as systemic administration of BK1.3 potently blocks inflammation in vivo Identification and characterization of the chemokine-binding interface of evasins could thus inspire the development of novel anti-inflammatory peptides that therapeutically target the chemokine network in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Darlot
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R O Eaton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Geis-Asteggiante
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gopala K Yakala
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kalimuthu Karuppanan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Davies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Ngo T, Stephens BS, Gustavsson M, Holden LG, Abagyan R, Handel TM, Kufareva I. Crosslinking-guided geometry of a complete CXC receptor-chemokine complex and the basis of chemokine subfamily selectivity. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000656. [PMID: 32271748 PMCID: PMC7173943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are orchestrators of cell migration in humans. Because dysregulation of the receptor-chemokine system leads to inflammation and cancer, both chemokines and receptors are highly sought therapeutic targets. Yet one of the barriers for their therapeutic targeting is the limited understanding of the structural principles behind receptor-chemokine recognition and selectivity. The existing structures do not include CXC subfamily complexes and lack information about the receptor distal N-termini, despite the importance of the latter in signaling, regulation, and bias. Here, we report the discovery of the geometry of the complex between full-length CXCR4, a prototypical CXC receptor and driver of cancer metastasis, and its endogenous ligand CXCL12. By comprehensive disulfide cross-linking, we establish the existence and the structure of a novel interface between the CXCR4 distal N-terminus and CXCL12 β1-strand, while also recapitulating earlier findings from nuclear magnetic resonance, modeling and crystallography of homologous receptors. A cross-linking-informed high-resolution model of the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex pinpoints the interaction determinants and reveals the occupancy of the receptor major subpocket by the CXCL12 proximal N terminus. This newly found positioning of the chemokine proximal N-terminus provides a structural explanation of CXC receptor-chemokine selectivity against other subfamilies. Our findings challenge the traditional two-site understanding of receptor-chemokine recognition, suggest the possibility of new affinity and signaling determinants, and fill a critical void on the structural map of an important class of therapeutic targets. These results will aid the rational design of selective chemokine-receptor targeting small molecules and biologics with novel pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan S. Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren G. Holden
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tracy M. Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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10
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Li D, Wu Y, Guo S, Qin J, Feng M, An Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Xiong S, Zhou H, Zeng Q, Chen L, Wen F. Circulating syndecan-1 as a novel biomarker relates to lung function, systemic inflammation, and exacerbation in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1933-1941. [PMID: 31695352 PMCID: PMC6718058 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s207855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with COPD often show increased systemic inflammation which is associated with lower functional status, greater exacerbation risk, and worse clinical outcomes. Syndecans (SDCs), a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), have been found to involve in inflammatory processes in many chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this preliminary clinical study was to investigate the possible association between two SDCs, SDC-1 and SDC-4, with lung function, systemic inflammation, and risk of exacerbations in COPD patients. Method Serum SDC-1 and SDC-4 levels were measured in 101 COPD patients and 57 health controls. Correlations between SDCs and other parameters were analyzed using Spearsman’s rho. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the threshold value in differentiating disease status. Results Although both serum SDC-1 and SDC-4 showed a downward trend in COPD patients, only SDC-1 levels were correlated positively with the ratio of FEV1/FVC and parameters of small airway obstruction. Besides, SDC-1 but not SDC-4, was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in COPD patients and downregulated in frequent exacerbators (FEs) of COPD. Using a cutoff value of 2.08 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of SDC-1 to differentiate FE were 44% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, circulating SDC-1 may be a novel inflammatory biomarker associated with lung function and systemic inflammation in patients with COPD, which could also be useful to identify the risk of COPD exacerbation. Further studies should be performed to clarify the influences of SDC-1 on the pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujin Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyue Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The 3rd People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianglin Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lee AW, Deruaz M, Lynch C, Davies G, Singh K, Alenazi Y, Eaton JRO, Kawamura A, Shaw J, Proudfoot AEI, Dias JM, Bhattacharya S. A knottin scaffold directs the CXC-chemokine-binding specificity of tick evasins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11199-11212. [PMID: 31167786 PMCID: PMC6643034 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick evasins (EVAs) bind either CC- or CXC-chemokines by a poorly understood promiscuous or "one-to-many" mechanism to neutralize inflammation. Because EVAs potently inhibit inflammation in many preclinical models, highlighting their potential as biological therapeutics for inflammatory diseases, we sought to further unravel the CXC-chemokine-EVA interactions. Using yeast surface display, we identified and characterized 27 novel CXC-chemokine-binding evasins homologous to EVA3 and defined two functional classes. The first, which included EVA3, exclusively bound ELR+ CXC-chemokines, whereas the second class bound both ELR+ and ELR- CXC-chemokines, in several cases including CXC-motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) but, surprisingly, not CXCL8. The X-ray crystal structure of EVA3 at a resolution of 1.79 Å revealed a single antiparallel β-sheet with six conserved cysteine residues forming a disulfide-bonded knottin scaffold that creates a contiguous solvent-accessible surface. Swapping analyses identified distinct knottin scaffold segments necessary for different CXC-chemokine-binding activities, implying that differential ligand positioning, at least in part, plays a role in promiscuous binding. Swapping segments also transferred chemokine-binding activity, resulting in a hybrid EVA with dual CXCL10- and CXCL8-binding activities. The solvent-accessible surfaces of the knottin scaffold segments have distinctive shape and charge, which we suggest drives chemokine-binding specificity. These studies provide structural and mechanistic insight into how CXC-chemokine-binding tick EVAs achieve class specificity but also engage in promiscuous binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Lee
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Deruaz
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Lynch
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Davies
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Kamayani Singh
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Yara Alenazi
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - James R O Eaton
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - João M Dias
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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12
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Computer aided protein engineering to enhance the thermo-stability of CXCR1- T4 lysozyme complex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5317. [PMID: 30926935 PMCID: PMC6441008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR1, a member in G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, binds to chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) specifically and transduces signals to mediate immune and inflammatory responses. Despite the importance of CXCR1, high-resolution structure determination is hindered by the challenges in crystallization. It has been shown that properly designed mutants with enhanced thermostability, together with fusion partner proteins, can be useful to form crystals for GPCR proteins. In this study, in silico protein design was carried out by using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. To validate the computational modeling results, the thermostability of several mutants and the wild type were measured experimentally. Both computational results and experimental data suggest that the mutant L126W has a significant improvement in the thermostability. This study demonstrated that in silico design can guide protein engineering and potentially facilitate protein crystallography research.
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13
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Apel AK, Cheng RK, Tautermann CS, Brauchle M, Huang CY, Pautsch A, Hennig M, Nar H, Schnapp G. Crystal Structure of CC Chemokine Receptor 2A in Complex with an Orthosteric Antagonist Provides Insights for the Design of Selective Antagonists. Structure 2019; 27:427-438.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Wedemeyer MJ, Mueller BK, Bender BJ, Meiler J, Volkman BF. Modeling the complete chemokine-receptor interaction. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 149:289-314. [PMID: 30616825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are soluble, secreted proteins that induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and other cells. Migratory cells can sense the chemokine concentration gradient following chemokine binding and activation of chemokine receptors, a subset of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Chemokine receptor signaling plays a central role in cell migration during inflammatory responses as well as in cancer and other diseases. Given their important role in mediating essential pathologic and physiologic processes, chemokines and their receptors are attractive targets for therapeutic development. A better understanding of the molecular basis of chemokine-GPCR interactions will aid in the understanding of the mechanistic basis for chemokine function in disease-related processes, as well as aid in the design of new therapeutics. High resolution protein structures are critical for determining these mechanisms and investigating the interactions between approximately 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors. Currently, three unique structures of chemokine-GPCR complexes have been determined and have greatly broadened our knowledge of this large protein-protein interaction. While these structures represent only a small fraction of clinically relevant chemokines and receptors, they can be exploited as scaffolds for homology modeling to understand the chemokine-GPCR interactions. This chapter presents a specialized methodology to construct and validate models of chemokine-GPCR complexes using the Rosetta software suite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wedemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin K Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian J Bender
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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15
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Ortiz Zacarías NV, van Veldhoven JPD, Portner L, van Spronsen E, Ullo S, Veenhuizen M, van der Velden WJC, Zweemer AJM, Kreekel RM, Oenema K, Lenselink EB, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Pyrrolone Derivatives as Intracellular Allosteric Modulators for Chemokine Receptors: Selective and Dual-Targeting Inhibitors of CC Chemokine Receptors 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9146-9161. [PMID: 30256641 PMCID: PMC6328288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
recent crystal structures of CC chemokine receptors 2 and 9
(CCR2 and CCR9) have provided structural evidence for an allosteric,
intracellular binding site. The high conservation of residues involved
in this site suggests its presence in most chemokine receptors, including
the close homologue CCR1. By using [3H]CCR2-RA-[R], a high-affinity, CCR2 intracellular ligand, we report
an intracellular binding site in CCR1, where this radioligand also
binds with high affinity. In addition, we report the synthesis and
biological characterization of a series of pyrrolone derivatives for
CCR1 and CCR2, which allowed us to identify several high-affinity
intracellular ligands, including selective and potential multitarget
antagonists. Evaluation of selected compounds in a functional [35S]GTPγS assay revealed that they act as inverse agonists
in CCR1, providing a new manner of pharmacological modulation. Thus,
this intracellular binding site enables the design of selective and
multitarget inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ortiz Zacarías
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus P D van Veldhoven
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura Portner
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Spronsen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Salviana Ullo
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Margo Veenhuizen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Annelien J M Zweemer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Roy M Kreekel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Kenny Oenema
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eelke B Lenselink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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16
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Bowder D, Hollingsead H, Durst K, Hu D, Wei W, Wiggins J, Medjahed H, Finzi A, Sodroski J, Xiang SH. Contribution of the gp120 V3 loop to envelope glycoprotein trimer stability in primate immunodeficiency viruses. Virology 2018; 521:158-168. [PMID: 29936340 PMCID: PMC6053598 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein (Env) becomes exposed after CD4 binding and contacts the coreceptor to mediate viral entry. Prior to CD4 engagement, a hydrophobic patch located at the tip of the V3 loop stabilizes the non-covalent association of gp120 with the Env trimer of HIV-1 subtype B strains. Here, we show that this conserved hydrophobic patch (amino acid residues 307, 309 and 317) contributes to gp120-trimer association in HIV-1 subtype C, HIV-2 and SIV. Changes that reduced the hydrophobicity of these V3 residues resulted in increased gp120 shedding and decreased Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus entry in the different primate immunodeficiency viruses tested. Thus, the hydrophobic patch is an evolutionarily conserved element in the tip of the gp120 V3 loop that plays an essential role in maintaining the stability of the pre-triggered Env trimer in diverse primate immunodeficiency viruses. The V3-loop of HIV-1 gp120 contributes to Env trimer stability and viral entry. The hydrophobic patch in the tip of the V3 loop is critical for pre-triggered Env trimer stability. The hydrophobic patch is a conserved motif in primate immunodeficiency viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Bowder
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Haley Hollingsead
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Kate Durst
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Duoyi Hu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Wenzhong Wei
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Joshua Wiggins
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shi-Hua Xiang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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17
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Abayev M, Rodrigues JPGLM, Srivastava G, Arshava B, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M, Naider F, Levitt M, Anglister J. The solution structure of monomeric CCL5 in complex with a doubly sulfated N-terminal segment of CCR5. FEBS J 2018; 285:1988-2003. [PMID: 29619777 PMCID: PMC6433596 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory chemokine CCL5, which binds the chemokine receptor CCR5 in a two-step mechanism so as to activate signaling pathways in hematopoetic cells, plays an important role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development as well as in several immune system pathologies. The recently published crystal structure of CCR5 bound to a high-affinity variant of CCL5 lacks the N-terminal segment of the receptor that is post-translationally sulfated and is known to be important for high-affinity binding. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of monomeric CCL5 bound to a synthetic doubly sulfated peptide corresponding to the missing first 27 residues of CCR5. Our structures show that two sulfated tyrosine residues, sY10 and sY14, as well as the unsulfated Y15 form a network of strong interactions with a groove on a surface of CCL5 that is formed from evolutionarily conserved basic and hydrophobic amino acids. We then use our NMR structures, in combination with available crystal data, to create an atomic model of full-length wild-type CCR5:CCL5. Our findings reveal the structural determinants involved in the recognition of CCL5 by the CCR5 N terminus. These findings, together with existing structural data, provide a complete structural framework with which to understand the specificity of receptor:chemokine interactions. DATABASE Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 6FGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Abayev
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Gautam Srivastava
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Boris Arshava
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Levitt
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Eaton JRO, Alenazi Y, Singh K, Davies G, Geis-Asteggiante L, Kessler B, Robinson CV, Kawamura A, Bhattacharya S. The N-terminal domain of a tick evasin is critical for chemokine binding and neutralization and confers specific binding activity to other evasins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6134-6146. [PMID: 29487134 PMCID: PMC5912465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick chemokine-binding proteins (evasins) are an emerging class of biologicals that target multiple chemokines and show anti-inflammatory activities in preclinical disease models. Using yeast surface display, we identified a CCL8-binding evasin, P672, from the tick Rhipicephalus pulchellus We found that P672 binds CCL8 and eight other CC-class chemokines with a Kd < 10 nm and four other CC chemokines with a Kd between 10 and 100 nm and neutralizes CCL3, CCL3L1, and CCL8 with an IC50 < 10 nm The CC chemokine-binding profile was distinct from that of evasin 1 (EVA1), which does not bind CCL8. We also show that P672's binding activity can be markedly modulated by the location of a StrepII-His purification tag. Combining native MS and bottom-up proteomics, we further demonstrated that P672 is glycosylated and forms a 1:1 complex with CCL8, disrupting CCL8 homodimerization. Homology modeling of P672 using the crystal structure of the EVA1 and CCL3 complex as template suggested that 44 N-terminal residues of P672 form most of the contacts with CCL8. Replacing the 29 N-terminal residues of EVA1 with the 44 N-terminal residues of P672 enabled this hybrid evasin to bind and neutralize CCL8, indicating that the CCL8-binding properties of P672 reside, in part, in its N-terminal residues. This study shows that the function of certain tick evasins can be manipulated simply by adding a tag. We conclude that homology modeling helps identify regions with transportable chemokine-binding functions within evasins, which can be used to construct hybrid evasins with altered properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R O Eaton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
- the Department of Chemistry, and
| | - Yara Alenazi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
| | - Kamayani Singh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
| | - Graham Davies
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
| | | | - Benedikt Kessler
- the Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Akane Kawamura
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
- the Department of Chemistry, and
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,
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19
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Agere SA, Kim EY, Akhtar N, Ahmed S. Syndecans in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: Pathological insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6346-6358. [PMID: 29226950 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans (SDCs) are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) glycoproteins ubiquitously expressed on the cell surfaces and extracellular matrix of all mammalian tissues. There are four mammalian syndecans, SDC-1 thorough 4, which play a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis through independent and growth factor mediated signaling. An altered expression of SDCs is often observed in autoimmune disorders, cancer, HIV infection, and many other pathological conditions. SDCs modulate disease progression by interacting with a diverse array of ligands, receptors, and other proteins, including extracellular matrix, glycoproteins, integrins, morphogens, and various growth factors and chemokines, along with their receptors and kinases. Specifically, SDCs present on cell surface can bind directly to chemokines to enhance their binding to receptors, downstream signaling, and migration. Alternatively, SDCs can be cleaved and shed to mediate negative regulation of chemokine and growth factor signaling pathways and ligand sequestration. Importantly, SDC shedding may be a biomarker of inflammation, especially in chronic inflammatory diseases. While the current therapies for cancer and several autoimmune disorders have revolutionized treatment outcomes, understanding the pathophysiological role of SDCs and the use of HSPG mimetic or antagonists on cytokine signaling networks may uncover potentially novel targeted therapeutic approaches. This review mainly summarizes the current findings on the role of individual SDCs in disease processes, mechanisms through which SDCs mediate their biological functions, and the possibility of targeting SDCs as future potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Agere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Eugene Y Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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20
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King J, Abraham D, Stratton R. Chemokines in systemic sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:68-75. [PMID: 29247681 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie King
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - David Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
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21
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Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:24-31. [PMID: 28866366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described asa chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful asa pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José L Pérez-Gracia
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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22
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Structure and Function of Peptide-Binding G Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2726-2745. [PMID: 28705763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and are important human drug targets. Of the 826 human GPCRs, 118 of them recognize endogenous peptide or protein ligands, and 30 of the 118 are targeted by approved drug molecules, including the very high-profile class B glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. In this review, we analyze the 21 experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of the known peptide-binding GPCRs in relation to the endogenous peptides and drug molecules that modulate their cell signaling processes. Our integrated analyses reveal that half of the marketed drugs and most of the drugs in clinical trials that interact with peptide GPCRs are small molecules with a wide range of binding modes distinct from those of large peptide ligands. As we continue to collect additional data on these receptors from orthogonal approaches, including nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy, we are beginning to understand how these receptors interact with their ligands at the molecular level and how improving the pharmacology of GPCR signal transduction requires us to study these receptors using multiple biophysical techniques.
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23
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Yeast surface display identifies a family of evasins from ticks with novel polyvalent CC chemokine-binding activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4267. [PMID: 28655871 PMCID: PMC5487423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines function via G-protein coupled receptors in a robust network to recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation. Due to the complexity of this network, targeting single chemokines or receptors has not been successful in inflammatory disease. Dog tick saliva contains polyvalent CC-chemokine binding peptides termed evasins 1 and 4, that efficiently disrupt the chemokine network in models of inflammatory disease. Here we develop yeast surface display as a tool for functionally identifying evasins, and use it to identify 10 novel polyvalent CC-chemokine binding evasin-like peptides from salivary transcriptomes of eight tick species in Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma genera. These evasins have unique binding profiles compared to evasins 1 and 4, targeting CCL2 and CCL13 in addition to other CC-chemokines. Evasin binding leads to neutralisation of chemokine function including that of complex chemokine mixtures, suggesting therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory disease. We propose that yeast surface display is a powerful approach to mine potential therapeutics from inter-species protein interactions that have arisen during evolution of parasitism in ticks.
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24
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Zheng Y, Stephens BS, Handel TM. What Do Structures Tell Us About Chemokine Receptor Function and Antagonism? Annu Rev Biophys 2017; 46:175-198. [PMID: 28532213 PMCID: PMC5764094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their cell surface G protein-coupled receptors are critical for cell migration, not only in many fundamental biological processes but also in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recent X-ray structures of two chemokines complexed with full-length receptors provided unprecedented insight into the atomic details of chemokine recognition and receptor activation, and computational modeling informed by new experiments leverages these insights to gain understanding of many more receptor:chemokine pairs. In parallel, chemokine receptor structures with small molecules reveal the complicated and diverse structural foundations of small molecule antagonism and allostery, highlight the inherent physicochemical challenges of receptor:chemokine interfaces, and suggest novel epitopes that can be exploited to overcome these challenges. The structures and models promote unique understanding of chemokine receptor biology, including the interpretation of two decades of experimental studies, and will undoubtedly assist future drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
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25
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Galuschka C, Proynova R, Roth B, Augustin HG, Müller-Decker K. Models in Translational Oncology: A Public Resource Database for Preclinical Cancer Research. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2557-2563. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Sharma I, Singh A, Sharma KC, Saxena S. Gene Expression Profiling of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Low and High Grade Astrocytoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1307-1313. [PMID: 28610419 PMCID: PMC5555540 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite intense interest in molecular characterization and searches for novel therapeutic targets, the
glioblastoma remains a formidable clinical challenge. Among many contributors to gliomagenesis, chemokines have
drawn special attention due to their involvement in a plethora of biological processes and pathological conditions. In
the present study we aimed to elucidate any pro-gliomagenic chemokine axis and probable roles in development of
glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Method: An array of 84 chemokines, chemokine receptors and related genes were
studied by real time PCR with comparison between low grade astrocytoma (diffuse astrocytoma – grade II) and high
grade astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme – grade IV). Gene ontology analysis and database mining were performed
to funnel down the important axis in GBM followed by validation at the protein level by immunohistochemistry on tissue
microarrays. Results: Gene expression and gene ontology analysis identified CXCL8 as an important chemokine which
was more frequently up-regulated in GBM as compared to diffuse astrocytoma. Further we demonstrated localization
of CXCL8 and its receptors in glioblastoma possibly affecting autocrine and paracrine signalling that promotes tumor
cell proliferation and neovascularisation with vascular mimicry. Conclusion: From these results CXCL8 appears to be
an important gliomagenic chemokine which may be involved in GBM growth by promoting tumor cell proliferation
and neovascularization via vascular mimicry. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to explore its
potential candidature in anti-GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Sharma
- National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Symbiosis International University, Pune, India.
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27
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Chen D, Long M, Xiao B, Xiong Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Kuang Z, Li M, Wu Y, Rock DL, Gong D, Wang Y, He H, Liu F, Luo S, Hao W. Transcriptomic profiles of human foreskin fibroblast cells in response to orf virus. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58668-58685. [PMID: 28938587 PMCID: PMC5601683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus has been utilized as a safe and efficient viral vector against not only diverse infectious diseases, but also against tumors. However, the nature of the genes triggered by the vector in human cells is poorly characterized. Using RNA sequencing technology, we compared specific changes in the transcriptomic profiles in human foreskin fibroblast cells following infection by the orf virus. The results indicated that orf virus upregulates or downregulates expression of a variety of genes, including genes involved in antiviral immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle and a series of signaling pathways, such as the IFN and p53-signaling pathways. The orf virus stimulates or inhibits immune gene expression such as chemokines, chemokine receptors, cytokines, cytokine receptors, and molecules involved in antigen uptake and processing after infection. Expression of pro-apoptotic genes increased at 8 hours post-infection. The p53 signaling pathway was activated to induce apoptosis at the same time. However, the cell cycle program was promoted after infection, which may be due to the immunomodulatory genes of the orf virus. This presents the first description of transcription profile changes in human foreskin fibroblast cells after orf virus infection and provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction between the host and orf virus. These data offer new insights into the understanding of the mechanisms of infection by orf virus and identify potential targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Mingjian Long
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhan Kuang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Daniel L Rock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
| | - Daoyuan Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528000 P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528000 P.R. China
| | - Haijian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528000 P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528000 P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528000 P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
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Arimont M, Sun SL, Leurs R, Smit M, de Esch IJP, de Graaf C. Structural Analysis of Chemokine Receptor-Ligand Interactions. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4735-4779. [PMID: 28165741 PMCID: PMC5483895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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This
review focuses on the construction and application of structural chemokine
receptor models for the elucidation of molecular determinants of chemokine
receptor modulation and the structure-based discovery and design of
chemokine receptor ligands. A comparative analysis of ligand binding
pockets in chemokine receptors is presented, including a detailed
description of the CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR9, and US28 X-ray structures,
and their implication for modeling molecular interactions of chemokine
receptors with small-molecule ligands, peptide ligands, and large
antibodies and chemokines. These studies demonstrate how the integration
of new structural information on chemokine receptors with extensive
structure–activity relationship and site-directed mutagenesis
data facilitates the prediction of the structure of chemokine receptor–ligand
complexes that have not been crystallized. Finally, a review of structure-based
ligand discovery and design studies based on chemokine receptor crystal
structures and homology models illustrates the possibilities and challenges
to find novel ligands for chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Brown AJ, Sepuru KM, Rajarathnam K. Structural Basis of Native CXCL7 Monomer Binding to CXCR2 Receptor N-Domain and Glycosaminoglycan Heparin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030508. [PMID: 28245630 PMCID: PMC5372524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL7, a chemokine highly expressed in platelets, orchestrates neutrophil recruitment during thrombosis and related pathophysiological processes by interacting with CXCR2 receptor and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). CXCL7 exists as monomers and dimers, and dimerization (~50 μM) and CXCR2 binding (~10 nM) constants indicate that CXCL7 is a potent agonist as a monomer. Currently, nothing is known regarding the structural basis by which receptor and GAG interactions mediate CXCL7 function. Using solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we characterized the binding of CXCL7 monomer to the CXCR2 N-terminal domain (CXCR2Nd) that constitutes a critical docking site and to GAG heparin. We found that CXCR2Nd binds a hydrophobic groove and that ionic interactions also play a role in mediating binding. Heparin binds a set of contiguous basic residues indicating a prominent role for ionic interactions. Modeling studies reveal that the binding interface is dynamic and that GAG adopts different binding geometries. Most importantly, several residues involved in GAG binding are also involved in receptor interactions, suggesting that GAG-bound monomer cannot activate the receptor. Further, this is the first study that describes the structural basis of receptor and GAG interactions of a native monomer of the neutrophil-activating chemokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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30
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CCL20/CCR6 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in laryngeal cancer by activating p38 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:486-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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