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Quartiroli M, Roncallo C, Pala V, Simeon V, Ricceri F, Venturelli E, Pattaroni L, Sieri S, Agnoli C. Adherence to Diet Quality Indices and Breast Cancer Risk in the Italian ORDET Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:1187. [PMID: 38674877 PMCID: PMC11054820 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with 2.3 million diagnoses in 2020. There is growing evidence that lifestyle factors, including dietary factors, particularly the complex interactions and synergies between different foods and nutrients (and not a single nutrient or food), may be associated with a higher risk of BC. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), the Greek Mediterranean Index, the DASH score, and the EAT-Lancet score can help lower the risk of BC, and analyze if chronic low-grade inflammation may be one of the possible mechanisms through which dietary patterns influence breast cancer risk. We evaluated the effect of adherence to these four dietary quality indices in the 9144 women of the ORDET cohort who completed a dietary questionnaire. The effect of adherence to dietary patterns on chronic inflammation biomarkers was evaluated on a subsample of 552 participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk in relation to the index score categories used were estimated using multivariable Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. Regression coefficients (β), with 95% CI for C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin levels in relation to adherence to dietary patterns were evaluated with the linear regression model adjusted for potential confounders. IMI was inversely associated with BC in all women (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.97, P trend = 0.04), particularly among postmenopausal women (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98, P trend = 0.11). None of the other dietary patterns was associated with BC risk. Higher IMI and Greek Mediterranean Index scores were inversely associated with circulating CRP (β: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.02, and β: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.04). The higher score of the EAT-Lancet Index was instead associated with a higher concentration of circulating levels of CRP (β: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.18). In conclusion, these results suggest that adherence to a typical Italian Mediterranean diet protects against BC development, especially among postmenopausal women, possibly through modulation of chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Quartiroli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiara Roncallo
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Vanvitelli University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Nutritional and Metabolomic Research Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lara Pattaroni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
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2
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Dou T, Li J, Zhang Y, Pei W, Zhang B, Wang B, Wang Y, Jia H. The cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment is an important marker for predicting therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368687. [PMID: 38487526 PMCID: PMC10937353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the incidence rate of breast cancer ranks first among new-onset malignant tumors in women. The tumor microenvironment is a hot topic in tumor research. There are abundant cells in the tumor microenvironment that play a protumor or antitumor role in breast cancer. During the treatment of breast cancer, different cells have different influences on the therapeutic response. And after treatment, the cellular composition in the tumor microenvironment will change too. In this review, we summarize the interactions between different cell compositions (such as immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adipocytes) in the tumor microenvironment and the treatment mechanism of breast cancer. We believe that detecting the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment is able to predict the therapeutic efficacy of treatments for breast cancer and benefit to combination administration of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyao Dou
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaochen Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wanru Pei
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Binyue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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3
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Felício de Souza Mamede V, de Almeida Marques Bernabé R, Leopoldino da Silva L, Gonçalves Santos T, Gomes Fontana L, Machado JM, Albergaria BH, Marques-Rocha JL, Guandalini VR. Waist Circumference as a Tool for Identifying Visceral Fat in Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:316-324. [PMID: 38317427 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2304691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal adiposity is associated with tumor development and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC) and can be identified by the measurement of waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and imaging measurement of central adiposity according to age group in women with BC. Abdominal adiposity was assessed by WC and VAT, obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed. The presence of inflammation was investigated by measuring C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to verify the association between WC and VAT. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. This study included 112 women with a mean age of 55.5 ± 11.4 years. After adjusted models, WC remained associated with VAT and for every centimeter increase in WC, there was an increase of 3.12 cm2 (CI: 2.40 - 3.85; p < 0.001) in VAT. WC was associated with VAT in women with breast cancer, proving to be a simple, fast, and noninvasive approach that can be used as a proxy to identify visceral fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Leopoldino da Silva
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Thalita Gonçalves Santos
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Luana Gomes Fontana
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Janine Martins Machado
- Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Marques-Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | - Valdete Regina Guandalini
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
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4
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Nahmias-Blank D, Maimon O, Meirovitz A, Sheva K, Peretz-Yablonski T, Elkin M. Excess body weight and postmenopausal breast cancer: Emerging molecular mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:26-35. [PMID: 37739109 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal, obese women have a significantly higher risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors, that are resistant to therapies and are associated with higher recurrence and death rates. The global prevalence of overweight/obese women has reached alarming proportions and with postmenopausal ER+ breast carcinoma (BC) having the highest incidence among the three obesity-related cancers in females (i.e., breast, endometrial and ovarian), this is of significant concern. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-cancerous action of obesity in ER+BC is therefore critical for disease prevention and novel treatment initiatives. Interestingly, accumulating data has shown opposing relationships between obesity and cancer in either pre- or post-menopausal women. Excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and a decreased risk in pre-menopausal women. Moreover, excess adiposity during early life appears to be protective against postmenopausal breast cancer, including both ER+ and ER negative BC subtypes. Overall, estrogen-dependent mechanisms have been implicated as the main driving force in obesity-related breast tumorigenesis. In the present review we discuss the epidemiologic and mechanistic aspects of association between obesity and breast tumors after menopause, mainly in the context of hormone dependency. Molecular and cellular events underlying this association present as potential avenues for both therapeutic intervention as well as the prevention of BC-promoting processes linked to excess adiposity, which is proving to be vital in an increasingly obese global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nahmias-Blank
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Kim Sheva
- Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz-Yablonski
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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5
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Porcaro G, Bilotta G, Capoccia E, Bezerra Espinola MS, Aragona C. D-Chiro-Inositol in Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10080. [PMID: 37373229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia is a threatening pathology driven by unopposed estrogen stimulus. Moreover, insulin may act on the endometrium, prompting further growth. We aimed at assessing whether D-chiro-Inositol, an insulin sensitizer with estrogen-lowering properties, might improve the condition of patients with simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. We enrolled women with simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and related symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding. We treated the patients with one tablet per day, containing 600 mg of D-chiro-inositol for six months. Patients underwent ultrasound to assess the thickness of the endometrium at baseline, after three months, and at the end of this study. Endometrial thickness went from 10.82 ± 1.15 mm to 8.00 ± 0.81 mm after three months (p < 0.001) and to 6.9 ± 1.06 mm after six months (p < 0.001 versus baseline; p < 0.001 versus three months). D-chiro-inositol treatment also improved heavy menstrual bleeding and the length of menstruation. Despite the fact that our data should be validated in larger studies with appropriate control groups, our promising results support the hypothesis that D-chiro-inositol may represent a useful treatment in the case of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Porcaro
- Women's Health Centre, USL Umbria 2, 05100 Terni, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Salomé Bezerra Espinola
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Aragona
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy
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6
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Trevellin E, Bettini S, Pilatone A, Vettor R, Milan G. Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051319. [PMID: 37238992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to the immunometabolism and secretome. Moreover, AT and cancer share similar morpho-functional units which regulate tissue expansion: the adiponiche and tumour-niche, respectively. Through direct and indirect interactions involving different cellular types and molecular mechanisms, the obesity-altered adiponiche contributes to cancer development, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Moreover, modifications to the gut microbiome and circadian rhythm disruption also play important roles. Clinical studies clearly demonstrate that weight loss is associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity-related cancers, matching the reverse-causality criteria and providing a causality correlation between the two variables. Here, we provide an overview of the methodological, epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, with a special focus on clinical implications for cancer risk and prognosis and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Trevellin
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pilatone
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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7
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Novel long non-coding RNAs associated with inflammation and macrophage activation in human. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4036. [PMID: 36899011 PMCID: PMC10006430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in immune response and macrophage activation. Emerging studies demonstrate that along with proteins and genomic factors, noncoding RNA are potentially involved in regulation of immune response and inflammation. Our recent study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in cytokine expression and inflammation in macrophages. The primary goal of this study is to discover novel lncRNAs that are crucial players in inflammation, macrophage activation, and immune response in humans. Towards this, we have stimulated THP1-derived macrophages (THP1-MΦ) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and performed the whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis. Based on this analysis, we discovered that along with well-known marker for inflammation (such as cytokines), a series of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression were highly induced upon LPS-stimulation of macrophages, suggesting their potential roles in inflammation and macrophage activation. We termed these family of lncRNAs as Long-noncoding Inflammation Associated RNA (LinfRNA). Dose and time dependent analysis demonstrated that many human LinfRNA (hLinfRNAs) expressions follow similar patterns as cytokine expressions. Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the expression of most hLinfRNAs suggesting their potential regulation via NF-κB activation during inflammation and macrophage activation. Antisense-mediated knockdown of hLinfRNA1 suppressed the LPS-induced expression of cytokines and pro-inflammatory genes such as IL6, IL1β, and TNFα expression, suggesting potential functionality of the hLinfRNAs in cytokine regulation and inflammation. Overall, we discovered a series of novel hLinfRNAs that are potential regulators of inflammation and macrophage activation and may be linked to inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
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8
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Takeuchi Y, Gotoh N. Inflammatory cytokine-enriched microenvironment plays key roles in the development of breast cancers. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1792-1799. [PMID: 36704829 PMCID: PMC10154879 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of breast cancer continues to increase, it is critical to develop prevention strategies for this disease. Inflammation underlies the onset of the disease, and NF-κB is a master transcription factor for inflammation. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated in a variety of cell types, including normal epithelial cells, cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the earliest stage of breast cancer, and not all DCIS lesions develop into invasive breast cancers (IBC). Currently, most patients with DCIS undergo surgery with postoperative therapy, although there is a risk of overtreatment. In BRCA mutants, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-positive progenitors serve as the cell of origin, and treatment using the RANK monoclonal antibody reduces the risk of IBC. There is still an unmet need to diagnose malignant DCIS, which has the potential to progress to IBC, and to establish appropriate prevention strategies. We recently demonstrated novel molecular mechanisms for NF-κB activation in premalignant mammary tissues, which include DCIS, and the resultant cytokine-enriched microenvironment is essential for breast cancer development. On the early endosomes in a few epithelial cells, the adaptor protein FRS2β, forming a complex with ErbB2, carries the IκB kinase (IKK) complex and leads to the activation of NF-κB, thereby inducing a variety of cytokines. Therefore, the FRS2β-NFκB axis in the inflammatory premalignant environment could be targetable to prevent IBC. Further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the premalignant microenvironment is necessary to prevent the risk of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
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9
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Cancer-Associated Adipocytes and Breast Cancer: Intertwining in the Tumor Microenvironment and Challenges for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030726. [PMID: 36765683 PMCID: PMC9913307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the main components in breast tissue, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are one of the most important components in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (BC). Bidirectional regulation was found between CAAs and BC cells. BC facilitates the dedifferentiation of adjacent adipocytes to form CAAs with morphological and biological changes. CAAs increase the secretion of multiple cytokines and adipokines to promote the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of BC by remodeling the extracellular matrix, changing aromatase expression, and metabolic reprogramming, and shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. CAAs are also associated with the therapeutic response of BC and provide potential targets in BC therapy. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the crosstalk between CAAs and BC and discusses the potential strategies to target CAAs to overcome BC treatment resistance.
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10
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Ennis CS, Llevenes P, Qiu Y, Dries R, Denis GV. The crosstalk within the breast tumor microenvironment in type II diabetes: Implications for cancer disparities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1044670. [PMID: 36531496 PMCID: PMC9751481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-driven (type 2) diabetes (T2D), the most common metabolic disorder, both increases the incidence of all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and decreases survival in postmenopausal women. Despite this clear link, T2D and the associated dysfunction of diverse tissues is often not considered during the standard of care practices in oncology and, moreover, is treated as exclusion criteria for many emerging clinical trials. These guidelines have caused the biological mechanisms that associate T2D and breast cancer to be understudied. Recently, it has been illustrated that the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and architecture, specifically the surrounding cellular and extracellular structures, dictate tumor progression and are directly relevant for clinical outcomes. In addition to the epithelial cancer cell fraction, the breast TME is predominantly made up of cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and is often infiltrated by immune cells. During T2D, signal transduction among these cell types is aberrant, resulting in a dysfunctional breast TME that communicates with nearby cancer cells to promote oncogenic processes, cancer stem-like cell formation, pro-metastatic behavior and increase the risk of recurrence. As these cells are non-malignant, despite their signaling abnormalities, data concerning their function is never captured in DNA mutational databases, thus we have limited insight into mechanism from publicly available datasets. We suggest that abnormal adipocyte and immune cell exhaustion within the breast TME in patients with obesity and metabolic disease may elicit greater transcriptional plasticity and cellular heterogeneity within the expanding population of malignant epithelial cells, compared to the breast TME of a non-obese, metabolically normal patient. These challenges are particularly relevant to cancer disparities settings where the fraction of patients seen within the breast medical oncology practice also present with co-morbid obesity and metabolic disease. Within this review, we characterize the changes to the breast TME during T2D and raise urgent molecular, cellular and translational questions that warrant further study, considering the growing prevalence of T2D worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Ennis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Llevenes
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruben Dries
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Shipley Prostate Cancer Research Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Macrophages Upregulate Estrogen Receptor Expression in the Model of Obesity-Associated Breast Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182844. [PMID: 36139419 PMCID: PMC9496942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and obesity are two heterogeneous conditions with a tremendous impact on health. BC is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, and the prevalence of obesity in women worldwide reaches pandemic proportions. Obesity is a significant risk factor for both incidence and worse prognosis in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the association between excess adiposity and increased risk/therapy resistance/poorer outcome of ER+, but not ER−negative (ER−), BC are not fully understood. Tumor-promoting action of obesity, predominantly in ER + BC patients, is often attributed to the augmented production of estrogen in ‘obese’ adipose tissue. However, in addition to the estrogen production, expression levels of ER represent a key determinant in hormone-driven breast tumorigenesis and therapy response. Here, utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of BC, we show that macrophages, whose adverse activation by obesogenic substances is fueled by heparanase (extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme), are capable of upregulating ER expression in tumor cells, in the setting of obesity-associated BC. These findings underscore a previously unknown mechanism through which interplay between cellular/extracellular elements of obesity-associated BC microenvironment influences estrogen sensitivity—a critical component in hormone-related cancer progression and resistance to therapy.
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12
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Bifolco G, Pinazzi A, Bini V, Stefani L. Side Bioimpedance Analysis in Menopausal Post-Oncological Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11329. [PMID: 36141601 PMCID: PMC9517637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-oncological BC (breast cancer) has an increased cardiovascular risk due to the variation of some anthropometric parameters. This study investigates the differences between a quadrantectomy and a mastectomy on the body composition over time in presence of a breast prothesis. METHODS A group of BC patients (n = 41 aged 56.6 ± 9.5 years; 15 mastectomy patients; and 26 quadrantectomy patients) were compared to controls (C) (n = 22 aged 46.5 ± 13.44 years). Through bioimpedance analysis (Akern-BIA 101), the body mass index (BMI), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), body cell mass (BCM), fat mass (FM), free fat mass (FFM), and angle phase (PA) were compared within each group and between different groups using the Student's Test T. RESULTS The BC group showed lower values of FFM and TBW compared to C. The FFM was significantly (p = 0.04) lower in those with quadrantectomy. The right hemisome of the quadrantectomy has increased values of FFM, BCM (p = 0.04) and TBW compared to the counter-lateral hemisome, and FM values (p = 0.0008) lower than the counter-lateral. The hemisome with intervention has increased values of FM and ECW compared to the counter lateral, as well the FFM, BCM, TBW, and PA. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that non-conservative surgical treatment (mastectomy) is associated with a better BIA profile without any substantial impact of breast implants in the body composition analysis. The awareness of a severe diseases could play a role to ameliorate lifestyle; however, further studies will be necessary to support this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bifolco
- Sports Medicine Center Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinazzi
- Sports Medicine Center Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bini
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Stefani
- Sports Medicine Center Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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13
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The role of liver kinase B1 in tumor progression through regulation of lipid metabolism. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2045-2054. [PMID: 35896782 PMCID: PMC9522762 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The somatic mutation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has been implicated in various tumors, which is reflected in the survival, proliferation, and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the regulation of LKB1 in lipid metabolism, a process that is involved in tumor progression is not completely clear. We conclude that LKB1 deficiency results in abnormal expression and activation of multiple molecules related to lipid metabolism which locate downstream of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or salt-induced kinase (SIK). Abnormal lipid metabolism induced by LKB1 deficiency contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells through energy regulation.
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14
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Wang Q, Wang H, Ding Y, Wan M, Xu M. The Role of Adipokines in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926230. [PMID: 35875143 PMCID: PMC9305334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, inappropriate diets and other lifestyle habits have made obesity an increasingly prominent health problem. Pancreatic cancer (PC), a kind of highly aggressive malignant tumor, is known as a silent assassin and is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, pushing modern medicine beyond help. Adipokines are coming into notice because of the role of the intermediate regulatory junctions between obesity and malignancy. This review summarizes the current evidence for the relationship between highly concerning adipokines and the pathogenesis of PC. Not only are classical adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin included, but they also cover the recognized chemerin and osteopontin. Through a summary of the biological functions of these adipokines as well as their receptors, it was discovered that in addition to their basic function of stimulating the biological activity of tumors, more studies confirm that adipokines intervene in the progression of PC from the viewpoint of tumor metabolism, immune escape, and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides endocrine function, the impact of white adipose tissue (WAT)-induced chronic inflammation on PC is briefly discussed. Furthermore, the potential implication of the acknowledged endocrine behavior of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in relation to carcinogenesis is also explored. No matter the broad spectrum of obesity and the poor prognosis of PC, supplemental research is needed to unravel the detailed network of adipokines associated with PC. Exploiting profound therapeutic strategies that target adipokines and their receptors may go some way to improving the current worrying prognosis of PC patients.
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15
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Chen K, Zhang J, Beeraka NM, Tang C, Babayeva YV, Sinelnikov MY, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu J, Reshetov IV, Sukocheva OA, Lu P, Fan R. Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Driven Effects in Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820968. [PMID: 35814391 PMCID: PMC9258420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated chronic inflammation were shown to facilitate breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis. Leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, and several pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of obesity-driven BC through the activation of multiple oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the reported mechanisms of obesity-induced breast carcinogenesis and effectiveness of conventional and complementary BC therapies. We screened published original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses that addressed the involvement of obesity-related signaling mechanisms in BC development, BC treatment/prevention approaches, and posttreatment complications. PubMed, Medline, eMedicine, National Library of Medicine (NLM), and ReleMed databases were used to retrieve relevant studies using a set of keywords, including "obesity," "oncogenic signaling pathways," "inflammation," "surgery," "radiotherapy," "conventional therapies," and "diet." Multiple studies indicated that effective BC treatment requires the involvement of diet- and exercise-based approaches in obese postmenopausal women. Furthermore, active lifestyle and diet-related interventions improved the patients' overall quality of life and minimized adverse side effects after traditional BC treatment, including postsurgical lymphedema, post-chemo nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Further investigation of beneficial effects of diet and physical activity may help improve obesity-linked cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | - Chengyun Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Babayeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Obesity, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and Sexual Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately two-thirds of the United States adult population classified as overweight or obese, obesity remains a critical public health concern. Obesity not only contributes to several health complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, but the condition is also associated with sexual dysfunction in both women and men. Despite evidence linking obesity and its concomitant pathophysiology to sexual problems, the potential roles of psychosocial factors such as body image are understudied. This narrative review evaluates the research linkages between obesity and sexual dysfunction, with particular attention to the potential effects of body image dissatisfaction. A literature search of biomedical and psychological databases was used to identify research pertaining to obesity, sexual function, and/or body image constructs. The pathophysiological effects of obesity on sexual function are well-documented in mechanistic studies and animal trials, often with corroboration in human clinical samples. However, very few studies examine obesity, body image, and sexual function in tandem. Body image dissatisfaction appears to independently impinge upon the sexual response cycle and mental health outcomes, irrespective of body weight. While obesity is often associated with negative body image appraisal, it is unclear whether these constructs exert additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects on sexual responsivity. Additionally, overweight/obese individuals who exhibit higher levels of body image satisfaction or self-confidence appear to be protected from the deleterious effects of obesity on sexual satisfaction, at least to some extent. Greater reliance upon conceptual/theoretical models from the body image literature may better clarify the relationships between these constructs.
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17
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Swain CTV, Drummond AE, Boing L, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, van Roekel EH, Dixon-Suen SC, Lynch MJ, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Hormones, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Sex Steroid Hormones. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:16-27. [PMID: 34670800 PMCID: PMC7612605 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk may be partly mediated by sex steroid hormones. This review synthesized and appraised the evidence for an effect of physical activity on sex steroid hormones. Systematic searches were performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and SPORTDiscus to identify experimental studies and prospective cohort studies that examined physical activity and estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and glucocorticoids in pre- and postmenopausal women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was used to appraise quality of the evidence. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCT), 81 nonrandomized interventions, and six observational studies were included. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens mostly decreased, and SHBG increased, in response to physical activity. Effect sizes were small, and evidence quality was graded moderate or high for each outcome. Reductions in select sex steroid hormones following exercise supports the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-sex hormone-breast cancer pathway. The confirmed effect of physical activity on decreasing circulating sex steroid hormones supports its causal role in preventing breast cancer.See related reviews by Lynch et al., p. 11 and Drummond et al., p. 28.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Dixon-Suen
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Lynch
- Nambour Heights Family Medical, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa M Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Gallo M, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Prinzi N, Renzelli V, Barrea L, Di Giacinto P, Ruggeri RM, Sesti F, Arvat E, Baldelli R, Arvat E, Colao A, Isidori A, Lenzi A, Baldell R, Albertelli M, Attala D, Bianchi A, Di Sarno A, Feola T, Mazziotti G, Nervo A, Pozza C, Puliani G, Razzore P, Ramponi S, Ricciardi S, Rizza L, Rota F, Sbardella E, Zatelli MC. Expected and paradoxical effects of obesity on cancer treatment response. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:681-702. [PMID: 33025385 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, whose prevalence is pandemic and continuing to increase, is a major preventable and modifiable risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, as well as for cancer. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a negative independent prognostic factor for several oncological outcomes, including overall and cancer-specific survival, for several site-specific cancers as well as for all cancers combined. Yet, a recently growing body of evidence suggests that sometimes overweight and obesity may associate with better outcomes, and that immunotherapy may show improved response among obese patients compared with patients with a normal weight. The so-called 'obesity paradox' has been reported in several advanced cancer as well as in other diseases, albeit the mechanisms behind this unexpected relationship are still not clear. Aim of this review is to explore the expected as well as the paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer prognosis, with a particular emphasis on the effects of cancer therapies in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Genova, 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, AO S. Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Genova, 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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19
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The membrane-linked adaptor FRS2β fashions a cytokine-rich inflammatory microenvironment that promotes breast cancer carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103658118. [PMID: 34663724 PMCID: PMC8639355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103658118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer develops after a long period of latency under premalignant conditions. Strategies to target the premalignant conditions have yet to materialize since the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we discovered that FRS2β, expressed in a subset of mammary epithelial cells, directly activates nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) and drives the initiation and promotion of the stroma-rich premalignant conditions. The FRS2β-triggered activation of NF-κB takes place in the early endosomes, the organelles, which have not been believed to be a major place for NF-κB signaling. The endosome signaling should be a novel focus for targeting therapy for prevention of breast cancer. This work paves a new way to develop preventive strategies of breast tumor development. Although it is held that proinflammatory changes precede the onset of breast cancer, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that FRS2β, an adaptor protein expressed in a small subset of epithelial cells, triggers the proinflammatory changes that induce stroma in premalignant mammary tissues and is responsible for the disease onset. FRS2β deficiency in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)–ErbB2 mice markedly attenuated tumorigenesis. Importantly, tumor cells derived from MMTV-ErbB2 mice failed to generate tumors when grafted in the FRS2β-deficient premalignant tissues. We found that colocalization of FRS2β and the NEMO subunit of the IκB kinase complex in early endosomes led to activation of nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation. Moreover, inhibition of the activities of the NF-κB–induced cytokines, CXC chemokine ligand 12 and insulin-like growth factor 1, abrogated tumorigenesis. Human breast cancer tissues that express higher levels of FRS2β contain more stroma. The elucidation of the FRS2β–NF-κB axis uncovers a molecular link between the proinflammatory changes and the disease onset.
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20
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Fukano M, Park M, Deblois G. Metabolic Flexibility Is a Determinant of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4699. [PMID: 34572926 PMCID: PMC8467722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression is characterized by changes in cellular metabolism that contribute to enhanced tumour growth and adaptation to microenvironmental stresses. Metabolic changes within breast tumours are still poorly understood and are not as yet exploited for therapeutic intervention, in part due to a high level of metabolic heterogeneity within tumours. The metabolic profiles of breast cancer cells are flexible, providing dynamic switches in metabolic states to accommodate nutrient and energy demands and further aggravating the challenges of targeting metabolic dependencies in cancer. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours. Next, we examine how metabolic flexibility, which contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours, can alter epigenetic landscapes and increase a variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Finally, we highlight the difficulties in pharmacologically targeting the metabolic adaptations of breast tumours and provide an overview of possible strategies to sensitize heterogeneous breast tumours to the targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fukano
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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21
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Molehin D, Filleur S, Pruitt K. Regulation of aromatase expression: Potential therapeutic insight into breast cancer treatment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111321. [PMID: 33992735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling has been implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer which constitutes >75% of breast cancer diagnosis and other malignancies. Aromatase, the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of estrogen, is often dysregulated in breast cancers. This has led to the administration of aromatase-inhibitors (AIs), commonly used for hormone-dependent breast cancers. Unfortunately, the increasing development of acquired resistance to the current AIs and modulators of estrogen receptors, following initial disease steadiness, has posed a serious clinical challenge in breast cancer treatment. In this review we highlight historical and recent advances on the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of aromatase in both physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss the different drug combinations targeting various tumor promoting cell signaling pathways currently being developed and tested both in laboratory settings and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Filleur
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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22
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Dufailu OA, Afriyie-Asante A, Gyan B, Kwabena DA, Yeboah H, Ntiakoh F, Asare-Werehene M. COVID-19 in Africa: an ovarian victory? J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 34020688 PMCID: PMC8138090 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mainly attacks the respiratory system and is characterized by pneumonia, cytokine storm, coagulation disorders and severe immune downregulation. Although public health experts predicted worst outcomes in Africa, the incidence, hospitalization and mortality rates have been lower in Africa compared to other continents. Interestingly, lower incidence and mortality rates have been observed in women from Africa compared to their cohorts from other continents. Also, in the US non-Hispanic Black females have lower COVID-19 and death rates compared to their white counterparts. It's unclear why this significant difference exists; however, the ovarian function, genetics and immunological statuses could play a major role. Women of African descent have elevated levels of estrogen compared with Caucasians hence we anticipate that estrogen might offer some protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infections. The racial differences in lifestyle, age and inaccessibility to contraceptive usage might also play a role. Here, we provide insight on how the high levels of estrogen in African women might contribute to the lower cases and fatalities in Africa. Specifically, estrogen might offer protection against COVID-19 by suppressing hyper-production of cytokines, promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulating antibody production and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This will as well provide useful information on how future pandemics could be managed using Africa as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman A Dufailu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Box 1882, Nyankpala Campus, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Afrakoma Afriyie-Asante
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Bernard Gyan
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health and Well-Being, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - David Adu Kwabena
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health and Well-Being, Kintampo, Ghana
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Helena Yeboah
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Ntiakoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Effia-Nkwanta Regional Hospital, Sekondi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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23
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Wang W, He Q, Zhang H, Zhuang C, Wang Q, Li C, Sun R, Fan X, Yu J. A narrative review on the interaction between genes and the treatment of hypertension and breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:894. [PMID: 34164528 PMCID: PMC8184430 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim to discuss the close relationship between the common biological mechanisms of breast cancer and hypertension, inflammation and oxidative stress, breast cancer gene mutations breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA), G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK4), etc. and breast cancer treatment includes chemotherapy, Endocrine therapy, Targeted therapy and anti-angiogenesis drugs. In anti-angiogenesis drugs focusing on the mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that may activate the rhoa/rock pathway to cause hypertension, as well as the relationship between breast cancer and antihypertensive drugs includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and β-blockers (BBs)will be explored. Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and tumors are the two major types of diseases with the highest mortality rates, while hypertension accounts for the largest proportion of CVDs. A large number of the same or similar risk factors are shared between hypertension and tumors, and they influence each other. Many patients, particularly elderly patients, often present with the coexistence of the two diseases. As medical advances have enabled clinicians to cure tumors, many patients with cancer live longer, leading to a gradual increase in the incidence of CVDs, including hypertension. With the second highest incidence among tumors, breast cancer has gradually attracted widespread attention and has been the topic of numerous studies. Studies have confirmed that CVD is one of the causes of death in elderly patients with breast cancer. Methods Publications from 1985 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web Of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE database. We used a mix of MeSH and keywords. Conclusions Hypertension and cancer may share a common mechanism. The screening and risk assessment of breast cancer in patients with hypertension must be strengthened. Breast cancer cardiology is the interdisciplinary study of oncology and cardiology, and in-depth research in this field may result in long-term improvements in the survival and prognosis of patients with both clinical hypertension and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingjian He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Zhuang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Wang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caie Li
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runmin Sun
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Court L, Balthazart J, Ball GF, Cornil CA. Effect of chronic intracerebroventricular administration of an aromatase inhibitor on the expression of socio-sexual behaviors in male Japanese quail. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113315. [PMID: 33901434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase converts androgens into estrogens in the brain of vertebrates including humans. This enzyme is also expressed in other tissues where its action may result in negative effects on human health (e.g., promotion of tumor growth). To prevent these effects, aromatase inhibitors were developed and are currently used to block human estrogen-dependent tumors. In vertebrates including quail, aromatase is expressed in a highly conserved set of interconnected brain nuclei known as the social behavior network. This network is directly implicated in the expression of a large range of social behaviors. The primary goal of this study was to characterize in Japanese quail the potential impact of brain aromatase on sexual behavior, aggressiveness and social motivation (i.e., tendency to approach and stay close to conspecifics). An additional goal was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of long-term delivery of an aromatase inhibitor directly into the third ventricle via Alzet™ osmotic minipumps using male sexual behavior as the aromatase dependent measure. We demonstrate that this mode of administration results in the strongest inhibition of both copulatory behavior and sexual motivation ever observed in this species, while other social behaviors were variably affected. Sexual motivation and the tendency to approach a group of conspecifics including females clearly seem to depend on brain aromatase, but the effects of central estrogen production on aggressive behavior and on the motivation to approach males remain less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Court
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Gregory F Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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25
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Molehin D, Rasha F, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. Regulation of aromatase in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2449-2464. [PMID: 33599895 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of aromatase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of estrogen in normal and cancer cells, has been associated with growth factor signaling and immune response modulation. The tissue-specific regulatory roles of these factors are of particular importance as local aromatase expression is strongly linked to cancer development/progression and disease outcomes in patients. Therefore, aromatase has become a chemotherapeutic target and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used in the clinic for treating hormone-dependent cancers. Although AIs have shown promising results in the treatment of cancers, the emerging increase in AI-resistance necessitates the development of new and improved targeted therapies. This review discusses the role of tumor and stromal-derived growth factors and immune cell modulators in regulating aromatase. Current single-agent and combination therapies with or without AIs targeting growth factors and immune checkpoints are also discussed. This review highlights recent studies that show new connections between growth factors, mediators of immune response, and aromatase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.
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26
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Effects of systemic inflammation on relapse in early breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:7. [PMID: 33483516 PMCID: PMC7822844 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been a proposed mechanism of resistance to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Stratifying by HER2 status, a matched case-control study from the Wellness After Breast Cancer-II cohort was performed to assess whether or not elevated serum inflammatory biomarkers (C-Reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and serum amyloid A [SAA]) and/or the presence of a high-risk IL-6 promoter genotype were associated with recurrence of hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer. Estrogen levels were also measured and correlated with biomarkers and disease outcomes. CRP and SAA were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence in the HR+/HER2− group, but not the HR+/HER2+ group. Mean serum estrogen levels were non-significantly elevated in patients who relapsed vs. non-relapsed patients. Surprisingly, high-risk IL-6 promoter polymorphisms were strongly associated with HER2+ breast cancer relapse, which has potential therapeutic implications, as elevated intracellular IL-6 has been associated with trastuzumab resistance in pre-clinical models.
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27
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Wu J, Luo D, Li S. Network Pharmacology-Oriented Identification of Key Proteins and Signaling Pathways Targeted by Xihuang Pill in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:267-277. [PMID: 33324095 PMCID: PMC7733446 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s284076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The compound traditional Chinese medicine Xihuang pill (XHP) has been adopted to treat breast cancer (BC) for centuries, but its specific mechanism of action is unclear. Materials and Methods The active ingredients and related targets of XHP were screened using the TCMSP and TCMID databases. GSE139038 was downloaded from the GEO database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. The intersection of targets and DEGs were chosen to build an ingredients–target genes network. Protein–protein interaction network construction and functional enrichment analysis of target genes were conducted. Results A PPI network of 37 targets was constructed, and seven core nodes (FOS, MYC, JUN, PPARG, MMP9, PTGS2, SERPINE1) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the aforementioned targets were mainly enriched in the IL-17, toll-like receptor, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, which are deeply involved in the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors. Conclusion This network pharmacology study indicated that XHP can inhibit the development of BC by targeting a variety of proteins and signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Wu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Radiological screening of maternal periodontitis for predicting adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21266. [PMID: 33277556 PMCID: PMC7718227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that periodontitis, diagnosed mainly by periodontal probing, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, periodontal probing is time-consuming, highly discomforting, inaccurate, and invasive. We aimed to assess whether periodontitis severity based on radiological staging in accordance with the 2017 new consensus classification was related to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The medical records of 165 mothers who underwent panoramic radiography within 5 years before and after the time of delivery and of their singleton neonates were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-two mothers (13.3%) had severe periodontitis (SP), and 143 (86.7%) had mild or moderate periodontitis (MP). In relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes, uterine leiomyoma (18.2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.029), chronic hypertension (9.1% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.047), and preeclampsia (13.6% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.032) occurred significantly more frequently in the SP group than in the MP group. The incidences of very preterm birth (13.6% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.017), extremely preterm birth (9.1% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.047), and small for gestational age (22.7% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.017) were also significantly higher in the SP group than in the MP group. Radiological screening of maternal periodontitis could be useful for predicting adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes as well as diagnosing SP in pregnant women.
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29
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Lin C, Xin S, Huang X, Zhang F. PTPRA facilitates cancer growth and migration via the TNF-α-mediated PTPRA-NF-κB pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:131. [PMID: 32934700 PMCID: PMC7471670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A (PTPRA), one of the classic protein tyrosine phosphatases, is crucial for modulating tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer; however, its functional mechanism has not fully elucidated. The present study assessed PTPRA expression and estimated its clinical impact on survival using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database (GEPIA). Growth curves, colony formations and Transwell assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were used to examine the potential tumor signaling pathways targeted by PTPRA in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to confirm the transcriptional regulation of PTPRA expression. Bioinformatic analyses of data from GEPIA identified PTPRA overexpression in patients with breast cancer. The growth curve, colony formation and transwell experiments demonstrated that PTPRA upregulation significantly promoted the cell proliferation and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In contrast, PTPRA knockdown significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic experiments revealed that the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was higher compared with other classic tumor pathways when they were activated by PTPRA in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was altered in a PTPRA-dose-dependent manner. Additionally, following exposure to TNF-α, PTPRA-deficient MCF-7 cells exhibited lower NF-κB transcriptional activity compared with normal control cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that PTPRA overexpression accelerates inflammatory tumor phenotypes in breast cancer and that the TNF-α-mediated PTPRA-NF-κB pathway may offer novel insight into early diagnosis and optimum treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Shubo Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Feiran Zhang, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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30
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Porter JW, Barnas JL, Welly R, Spencer N, Pitt J, Vieira-Potter VJ, Kanaley JA. Age, Sex, and Depot-Specific Differences in Adipose-Tissue Estrogen Receptors in Individuals with Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1698-1707. [PMID: 32734695 PMCID: PMC7483923 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sex and menopausal status on depot-specific estrogen signaling in white adipose tissue (AT) in age-matched men and women with morbid obesity. METHODS A total of 28 premenopausal women, 16 postmenopausal women, and 27 age-matched men undergoing bariatric surgery were compared for omental (OM) AT (OMAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (SQ) AT (SQAT) genes and proteins. RESULTS With the exception of fasting nonesterified fatty acids being higher in women (P < 0.01), no differences were found in other indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism. In OMAT, estrogen receptor (ER) beta (ERβ) levels were higher in older women than in younger women and older men (sex-age interaction, P < 0.01), and aromatase expression was higher in older men than in older women (P < 0.05). In SQAT, women had lower expression of ERβ than men (P < 0.05). Protein content of ER alpha and ERβ was highly correlated with the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 across sexes and ages (P < 0.001). Age increased SQ inflammatory gene expression in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS In morbid obesity, sex and age affect AT ERs, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, and inflammatory expression in an AT depot-dependent manner. The SQAT immunometabolic profile is heavily influenced by age and menopause status, more so than OMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Porter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jillian L Barnas
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole Spencer
- General Surgery, Columbia Surgical Associates, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James Pitt
- General Surgery, Columbia Surgical Associates, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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31
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Berger JM, Longhitano Y, Zanza C, Sener SF. Factors affecting the incidence of chronic pain following breast cancer surgery: Preoperative history, anesthetic management, and surgical technique. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:1307-1314. [PMID: 32815177 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OR OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Chronic pain following mastectomy remains a significant problem. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with postoperative chronic pain. METHODS Medical records were analyzed retrospectively for 147 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy between July 2016 and February 2018 with one-year follow-up. All patients received a paravertebral block pre-operatively and then general anesthesia for the surgery. RESULTS The median postoperative pain score was 1.3 on the verbal analgesic score. The average total dose of opioids administered postoperatively was 10.4 mg, expressed in morphine milligram equivalents. The incidence of chronic pain after mastectomy was 16.7% at 6 months and 13.3% at 1 year. The satisfaction rate for anesthesia and surgery was 95.7%. CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that preoperative paravertebral nerve blocks, appropriate adjuvants, and a balanced general anesthetic may contribute to better postoperative pain control and decreased the incidence of chronic pain. A history of preoperative use of opioids and/or a history of alcohol consumption were both associated with significant increased levels of postoperative pain, and this subgroup warrants attention to diminish the risk of developing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, AO St. Antonio, Biagio and Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Division, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Alba-Bra-Verduno, Italy
| | - Stephen F Sener
- Division of Breast, Endocrine, and Soft Tissue Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC and Surgical Oncology Service, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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32
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Modulation of inter-organ signalling in obese mice by spontaneous physical activity during mammary cancer development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8794. [PMID: 32472095 PMCID: PMC7260359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence links breast cancer development to excess weight and obesity. During obesity, dysregulations of adipose tissue induce an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokine secretions, such as leptin and oestrogen secretions. Furthermore, a raise in oxidative stress, along with a decrease in antioxidant capacity, induces and maintains chronic inflammation, which creates a permissive environment for cancer development. Physical activity is recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy in both obese and cancer situations. Physical activity is associated with a moderation of acute inflammation, higher antioxidant defences and adipokine regulation, linked to a decrease of tumour-cell proliferation. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, carcinogenesis, obesity and physical activity are poorly understood. Our study is based on old, ovariectomised mice (C57BL/6J mice, 33 weeks old), fed with a high fat diet which increases adipose tissue favouring overweight and obesity, and housed in either an enriched environment, promoting physical activity and social interactions, or a standard environment constituting close to sedentary conditions. Our model of mammary carcinogenesis allowed for the exploration of tissue secretions and signalling pathway activation as well as the oxidative status in tumours to clarify the mechanisms involved in a multiple factorial analysis of the data set. The multiple factorial analysis demonstrated that the most important variables linked to moderate, spontaneous physical activity were the increase in growth factor (epithelial growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) and the activation of the signalling pathways (STAT3, c-jun n-terminal kinases (JNK), EKR1/2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)) in the gastrocnemius (G). In inguinal adipose tissue, the NF-κB inflammation pathway was activated, increasing the IL-6 content. The adiponectin plasma (P) level increased and presented an inverse correlation with tumour oxidative status. Altogether, these results demonstrated that spontaneous physical activity in obesity conditions could slow down tumour growth through crosstalk between muscle, adipose tissue and tumour. A spontaneous moderate physical activity was able to modify the inter-organ exchange in a paracrine manner. The different tissues changed their signalling pathways and adipokine/cytokine secretions, such as adiponectin and leptin, resulting in a decrease in anti-oxidative response and inflammation in the tumour environment. This model showed that moderate, spontaneous physical activity suppresses tumour growth via a dialogue between the organs close to the tumour.
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Poorassar A, Shams Ardekani MR, Hajhashemi V, Rahimi R, Mirabzadeh Ardakani M, Aghayeghazvini M. Antiobesity effects of seedlac and shellac in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:57-65. [PMID: 32180817 PMCID: PMC7053287 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.278715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Obesity is a global health problem and also a well-known risk for many diseases. Although some synthetic drugs have been marketed for the treatment of obesity, natural remedies may be considered as safe and cost-effective alternatives. Lac (Kerria lacca Kerr) is a product from animal origin and is sold as seedlac or shellac. This drug is very famous among Unani practitioners for its antiobesity effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiobesity potential of lac in rats. Experimental approach The effect of lac on rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated through determination of the changes in body weight, and serum levels of leptin. In addition, the effect of lac on total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was studied. Male Wistar rats (170-220 g) were divided into eight groups; a control group with normal diet, the HFD group received a HFD, and the experimental groups received the HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% (w/w) of seedlac or 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% (w/w) of shellac for 12 weeks. The body weight of each rat was measured once a week. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and serum concentrations of cholesterol, TG, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and leptin were determined. Results The study showed that seedlac and shellac significantly prevented increasing body weight and the levels of serum leptin were decreased in treated groups compared with HFD group. Also, shellac decreased TG level and both shellac and seedlac exerted a significant increase in HDL-C concentration. Conclusion and implications Lac had weight-reducing properties and could be a promising alternative for controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Poorassar
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, I.R. Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehran Mirabzadeh Ardakani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Aghayeghazvini
- Isfahan Branch of Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research , Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Vafa S, Haghighat S, Janani L, Totmaj AS, Navaei M, Amirinejad A, Emamat H, Salehi Z, Zarrati M. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and edema volume in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1-15. [PMID: 32038113 PMCID: PMC7003637 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the most common complications of breast cancer treatments, which may be exacerbated by obesity. Dysbiosis may negatively impact the management of obesity and lymphedema by increasing inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with synbiotics on inflammatory markers, serum leptin concentration and edema volume in overweight and obese BCRL women following a low-calorie diet (LCD). In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 88 breast cancer survivors with lymphedema were supplemented once a day for 10 weeks with either a synbiotic or a placebo capsule. Both groups were under a low-calorie diet (LCD). At the end of the study, synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in leptin (P=0.003) and TNF-α (P=0.039) between the study groups. Besides, edema volume was significantly reduced within the synbiotic group after the intervention. We did not observe any significant effects of the synbiotic supplementation in hs-CRP, and IL-1β between the study groups (P=0.550, P=0.118 respectively). Conclusively, synbiotic supplementation along with an LCD program in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema had beneficial effects on the concentration of serum inflammatory markers and edema volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahpar Haghighat
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saneei Totmaj
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Glaser RL, York AE, Dimitrakakis C. Incidence of invasive breast cancer in women treated with testosterone implants: a prospective 10-year cohort study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1271. [PMID: 31888528 PMCID: PMC6937705 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone implants have been used for over eighty years to treat symptoms of hormone deficiency in pre and postmenopausal women. Evidence supports that androgens are breast protective. However, there is a lack of data on the long-term effect of testosterone therapy on the incidence of invasive breast cancer (IBC). This study was specifically designed to investigate the incidence of IBC in pre and postmenopausal women (presenting with symptoms of androgen deficiency) treated with subcutaneous testosterone implants or testosterone implants combined with anastrozole. METHODS The 10-year prospective cohort study was approved in March 2008 at which time recruitment was initiated. Recruitment was closed March 2013. Pre and postmenopausal women receiving at least two pellet insertions were eligible for analysis (N = 1267). Breast cancer incidence rates were reported as an unadjusted, un-weighted value of newly diagnosed cases divided by the sum of 'person-time of observation' for the at-risk population. Incidence rates on testosterone therapy were compared to age-specific Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) incidence rates and historical controls. Bootstrap sampling distributions were constructed to verify comparisons and tests of significance that existed between our results and SEER data. RESULTS As of March 2018, a total of 11 (versus 18 expected) cases of IBC were diagnosed in patients within 240-days following their last testosterone insertion equating to an incidence rate of 165/100000 p-y, which is significantly less than the age-matched SEER expected incidence rate of 271/100000 p-y (p < 0.001) and historical controls. CONCLUSION Long term therapy with subcutaneous testosterone, or testosterone combined with anastrozole, did not increase the incidence of IBC. Testosterone should be further investigated for hormone therapy and breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Glaser
- Millennium Wellness Center, 228 E. Spring Valley Road, Dayton, OH 45458 USA
- Department of Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3460 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Anne E. York
- York Data Analysis, 6018 Sycamore Ave NW, Seattle, WA 98107 USA
| | - Constantine Dimitrakakis
- 1st Department of Ob-Gyn, Athens University Medical School, 80 Vas Sophias Street, 11528 Athens, Greece
- National Institutes of Health, NICHD, Bldg. 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103 USA
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Rihan M, Nalla LV, Dharavath A, Shard A, Kalia K, Khairnar A. Pyruvate Kinase M2: a Metabolic Bug in Re-Wiring the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:149-167. [PMID: 31183810 PMCID: PMC6937361 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a newly emerged hallmark of cancer attaining a recent consideration as an essential factor for the progression and endurance of cancer cells. A prime event of this altered metabolism is increased glucose uptake and discharge of lactate into the cells surrounding constructing a favorable tumor niche. Several oncogenic factors help in promoting this consequence including, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in tumor metabolism via exhibiting its low pyruvate kinase activity and nuclear moon-lightening functions to increase the synthesis of lactate and macromolecules for tumor proliferation. Not only its role in cancer cells but also its role in the tumor microenvironment cells has to be understood for developing the small molecules against it which is lacking with the literature till date. Therefore, in this present review, the role of PKM2 with respect to various tumor niche cells will be clarified. Further, it highlights the updated list of therapeutics targeting PKM2 pre-clinically and clinically with their added limitations. This upgraded understanding of PKM2 may provide a pace for the reader in developing chemotherapeutic strategies for better clinical survival with limited resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Anil Dharavath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
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Agurs-Collins T, Ross SA, Dunn BK. The Many Faces of Obesity and Its Influence on Breast Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2019; 9:765. [PMID: 31555578 PMCID: PMC6737012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of breast and other cancers. However, the complexity of the underlying mechanisms, together with the interplay of diet and physical activity—contributing to energy balance—and the role of adipose tissue, pose challenges to our understanding of the basis of this increased risk. Epidemiologic studies have documented a higher obesity prevalence in US black women compared to white women. Elucidation of the contribution of potential biological differences among racially distinct groups to their differences in breast cancer (BC) risk and mortality have been topics of considerable interest in recent years. The racial and ethnic variation in body fat distribution may account for at least part of the differences in breast cancer rates in these populations. Yet, while black women exhibit higher rates of obesity compared to white women, this does not translate directly into higher rates of BC. In fact, overall, BC in black women occurs with a lower incidence than BC in white women. Obesity is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, and growing evidence suggests that abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, may increase risk for triple negative breast cancer, which is more common in premenopausal women. The positive association of postmenopausal BC risk and specifically estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC, is presumably due largely to accumulation of estrogen in the adipose tissue of the breast and other tissues. Of the two main types of adipose tissue—subcutaneous and visceral—visceral adipocytes are more active metabolically. Such adipose tissue harbors multiple molecular entities that promote carcinogenesis: endocrine molecules/hormones, immunologic factors, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations, and other components of the microenvironment. Expression of these culpable entities is largely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The interrelationship between these entities and drivers of epigenetic alteration are critical to the regulation of pathways connecting obesity and cancer risk. Initiatives to counteract the carcinogenic effects of obesity have primarily involved modulation of energy balance by diet. However, targeting of specific molecular abnormalities characterizing adiposity offers an alternative approach to preventing cancer. Our goal in this review is to first discuss the major mechanisms contributing to the obesity-breast cancer link. We will also consider race, specifically black/white differences, as they relate to the association of obesity with breast cancer risk. Then we will enumerate strategies targeting these mechanisms to reduce BC risk, in large part by way of dietary interventions with potential to mitigate the cancer-promoting components of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sharon A Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Barbara K Dunn
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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Hermano E, Goldberg R, Rubinstein AM, Sonnenblick A, Maly B, Nahmias D, Li JP, Bakker MAH, van der Vlag J, Vlodavsky I, Peretz T, Elkin M. Heparanase Accelerates Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5342-5354. [PMID: 31481501 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obese women have higher risk of bearing breast tumors that are highly aggressive and resistant to therapies. Tumor-promoting effects of obesity occur locally via adipose inflammation and related alterations to the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as systemically via circulating metabolic mediators (e.g., free fatty acids, FFA) associated with excess adiposity and implicated in toll-like receptor-mediated activation of macrophages-key cellular players in obesity-related cancer progression. Although the contribution of macrophages to proneoplastic effects of obesity is well documented, the role of ECM components and their enzymatic degradation is less appreciated. We show that heparanase, the sole mammalian endoglucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate in ECM, is preferentially expressed in clinical/experimental obesity-associated breast tumors. Heparanase deficiency abolished obesity-accelerated tumor progression in vivo. Heparanase orchestrated a complex molecular program that occurred concurrently in adipose and tumor tissue and sustained the cancer-promoting action of obesity. Heparanase was required for adipose tissue macrophages to produce inflammatory mediators responsible for local induction of aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen upregulated heparanase in hormone-responsive breast tumors. In subsequent stages, elevated levels of heparanase induced acquisition of procancerous phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages, resulting in activation of tumor-promoting signaling and acceleration of breast tumor growth under obese conditions. As techniques to screen for heparanase expression in tumors become available, these findings provide rational and a mechanistic basis for designing antiheparanase approaches to uncouple obesity and breast cancer in a rapidly growing population of obese patients. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the role of heparanase in promoting obesity-associated breast cancer and provides a mechanistically informed approach to uncouple obesity and breast cancer in a rapidly growing population of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hermano
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Goldberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bella Maly
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Nahmias
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marinka A H Bakker
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Springer NL, Iyengar NM, Bareja R, Verma A, Jochelson MS, Giri DD, Zhou XK, Elemento O, Dannenberg AJ, Fischbach C. Obesity-Associated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Promotes a Macrophage Phenotype Similar to Tumor-Associated Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2019-2035. [PMID: 31323189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose inflammation, defined by macrophages encircling dead adipocytes, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and increased risk of breast cancer. Whether ECM affects macrophage phenotype in obesity is uncertain. A better understanding of this relationship could be strategically important to reduce cancer risk or improve outcomes in the obese. Using clinical samples, computational approaches, and in vitro decellularized ECM models, this study quantified the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in human breast adipose tissue, determined molecular similarities between obesity and tumor-associated macrophages, and assessed the regulatory effect of obese versus lean ECM on macrophage phenotype. Our results suggest that breast adipose tissue contains more M2- than M1-biased macrophages across all body mass index categories. Obesity further increased M2-biased macrophages but did not affect M1-biased macrophage density. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that breast tissue macrophages from obese versus lean women are more similar to tumor-associated macrophages. These changes positively correlated with adipose tissue interstitial fibrosis, and in vitro experiments indicated that obese ECM directly stimulates M2-biased macrophage functions. However, mammographic density cannot be used as a clinical indicator of these changes. Collectively, these data suggest that obesity-associated interstitial fibrosis promotes a macrophage phenotype similar to tumor-associated macrophages, which may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Springer
- Field of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Claudia Fischbach
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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40
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Wen J, Xu B, Sun Y, Lian M, Li Y, Lin Y, Chen D, Diao Y, Almoiliqy M, Wang L. Paeoniflorin protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion by activating LKB1/AMPK and promoting autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104308. [PMID: 31181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process with high clinical morbidity and mortality. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glucoside, is found to have diverse health beneficial effects including autophagy modulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects. Based on our pre-experiments, we proposed that paeoniflorin could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury and restore autophagy through activating LKB1/AMPK signal pathway. Our proposal was verified using rat intestinal I/R model in vivo and intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Our results showed that paeoniflorin pretreatment exerted protective effects in rat intestinal I/R injury by reducing intestinal morphological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Paeoniflorin restored H/R-impaired autophagy flux by up-regulating autophagy-related protein p62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3II and beclin-1 expression, and autophagosomes synthesis without significantly affecting control IEC-6 cells. Paeoniflorin pretreatment significantly activated LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway by reversing the decreased LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation without affecting total LKB1 both in vivo and in vitro. LKB1 knockdown reduced AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed LC3II and Beclin-1 level, and decreased the degradation of SQSTM/p62, and the knockdown weakened the effects of paeoniflorin in restoring the impaired autophagy flux in H/R injured IEC-6 cells, suggesting that paeoniflorin mitigated the intestinal I/R-impaired autophagy flux by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Our study may provide valuable information for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Mengqiao Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yanli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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41
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Knuuttila M, Hämäläinen E, Poutanen M. Applying mass spectrometric methods to study androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in prostate cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R255-R267. [PMID: 30917337 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS) has provided novel tools to define sex steroid concentrations. These new methods overcome several of the problems associated with immunoassays for sex steroids. With the novel MS-based applications we are now able to measure small concentrations of the steroid hormones reliably and with high accuracy in both body fluids and tissue homogenates. The sensitivity of the tandem mass spectrometry assays allows us also for the first time to reliably measure picomolar or even femtomolar concentrations of estrogens and androgens. Furthermore, due to a high sensitivity and specificity of MS technology, we are also able to measure low concentrations of steroid hormones of interest in the presence of pharmacological concentration of other steroids and structurally closely related compounds. Both of these features are essential for multiple preclinical models for prostate cancer. The MS assays are also valuable for the simultaneous measurement of multiple steroids and their metabolites in small sample volumes in serum and tissue biopsies of prostate cancer patients before and after drug interventions. As a result, novel information about steroid hormone synthesis and metabolic pathways in prostate cancer has been obtained. In our recent studies, we have extensively applied a GC-MS/MS method to study androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in VCaP prostate cancer xenografts in mice. In the present review, we shortly summarize some of the benefits of the GC-MS/MS and novel LC-MS/MS assays, and provide examples of their use in defining novel mechanisms of androgen action in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Knuuttila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and HUSLAB, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Tawara K, Scott H, Emathinger J, Wolf C, LaJoie D, Hedeen D, Bond L, Montgomery P, Jorcyk C. HIGH expression of OSM and IL-6 are associated with decreased breast cancer survival: synergistic induction of IL-6 secretion by OSM and IL-1β. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2068-2085. [PMID: 31007849 PMCID: PMC6459341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor for the development and maintenance of malignant disease. Cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), oncostatin M (OSM), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) promote the development of both acute and chronic inflammation while promoting in vitro metrics of breast cancer metastasis. However, anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-1β therapeutics have not yielded significant results against solid tumors in clinical trials. Here we show that these three cytokines are interrelated in expression. Using the Curtis TCGA™ dataset, we have determined that there is a correlation between expression levels of OSM, IL-6, and IL-1β and reduced breast cancer patient survival (r = 0.6, p = 2.2 x 10−23). Importantly, we confirm that OSM induces at least a 4-fold increase in IL-6 production from estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) breast cancer cells in a manner that is dependent on STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, OSM induces STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-1β promotes p65 phosphorylation to synergistically induce IL-6 secretion in ER− MDA-MB-231 and to a lesser extent in ER+ MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Induction may be reduced in the ER+ MCF7 cells due to a previously known suppressive interaction between ER and STAT3. Interestingly, we show in MCF7 cells that ER’s interaction with STAT3 is reduced by 50% through both OSM and IL-1β treatment, suggesting a role for ER in mitigating STAT3-mediated inflammatory cascades. Here, we provide a rationale for a breast cancer treatment regime that simultaneously suppresses multiple targets, as these cytokines possess many overlapping functions that increase metastasis and worsen patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tawara
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Hannah Scott
- Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Cody Wolf
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID, USA.,Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Dollie LaJoie
- Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID, USA.,University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danielle Hedeen
- Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID, USA.,University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura Bond
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Jorcyk
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID, USA.,Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID, USA
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43
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Luis C, Duarte F, Faria I, Jarak I, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Soares R, Fernandes R. Warburg Effect Inversion: Adiposity shifts central primary metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2019; 223:38-46. [PMID: 30862570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is a complex health disorder and a trigger to many diseases like Diabetes mellitus (DM) and breast cancer (BrCa), both leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also evidence demonstrates that abnormal glucose metabolism termed 'the Warburg effect' in cancer cell is closely associated with malignant phenotypes and promote the aggressiveness of several types of cancer, including BrCa. In this study, we evaluated the breast cancer cell metabolism in normoglycemia, hyperglycemia and in an obesity condition in order to clarify the potential underlined mechanisms that link these disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCF-7 cells were exposed to low and high glucose levels, the latter either in the presence of 3T3-L1 adipocyte conditioned medium (CM), thus mimicking the adiposity observed in obese patients. Cell viability, migration, proliferation, cytotoxicity and cell death assays were performed under the different culture conditions. Hormonal and lipid profile were also characterized by biochemical assays and primary metabolism was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. RESULTS Our results show an increased aggressiveness in the condition mimicking diabetogenic obesity with an altered energy/lipid metabolism. Interestingly in the experimental obesity-mimicking status, lipids and amino acids were expended while glucose was produced by tumor cells from lactate. These findings reveal a shift on tumor cells metabolism that is opposite to 'the Warburg effect'. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this experimentally obesity-mimicking condition not only revealed an increased tumor proliferation and aggressiveness but also disclosed a new mechanism of cancer metabolism, the 'Warburg Effect Inversion'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luis
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; CoreLab, Hospital Centre of Porto University (CHUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain.
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44
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Di Domenico M, Pinto F, Quagliuolo L, Contaldo M, Settembre G, Romano A, Coppola M, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Sciarra A, Nicoletti GF, Ferraro GA, Boccellino M. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hormones in Controlling Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31456748 PMCID: PMC6701166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota. Multiple evidences tend to show that genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors contribute to determine in the obese an imbalance of the redox balance correlated with the alteration of the intestinal microbial flora. Obesity acts negatively on the wound healing, in fact several studies indicate morbid obesity significantly increased the risk of a post-operative wound complication and infection. Currently, in the treatment of obesity, medical interventions are aimed not only at modifying caloric intake, but also to modulate and improve the composition of diet with the aim of rebalancing the microbiota-redox state axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Macedonia
| | | | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medicad Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
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Henke E, Oliveira VS, Silva IMD, Schipper L, Dorneles G, Elsner VR, de Oliveira MR, Romão PRT, Peres A. Acute and chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers of postmenopausal obese women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugênia Henke
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lucas Schipper
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Viviane R. Elsner
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Wu B, Sun X, Gupta HB, Yuan B, Li J, Ge F, Chiang HC, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Yang J, Hu Y, Curiel TJ, Li R. Adipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500107. [PMID: 30393583 PMCID: PMC6209395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) modulate antitumor immunity and are major targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, clinical trials of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in breast cancer demonstrate only modest efficacy. Furthermore, specific PD-L1 contributions in various tissue and cell compartments to antitumor immunity remain incompletely elucidated. Here we show that PD-L1 expression is markedly elevated in mature adipocytes versus preadipocytes. Adipocyte PD-L1 prevents anti-PD-L1 antibody from activating important antitumor functions of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Adipocyte PD-L1 ablation obliterates, whereas forced preadipocyte PD-L1 expression confers, these inhibitory effects. Pharmacologic inhibition of adipogenesis selectively reduces PD-L1 expression in mouse adipose tissue and enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies in syngeneic mammary tumor models. Our findings provide a previously unappreciated approach to bolster anticancer immunotherapy efficacy and suggest a mechanism for the role of adipose tissue in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiujie Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Harshita B. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Deyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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Barbalho SM, Tofano RJ, de Campos AL, Rodrigues AS, Quesada K, Bechara MD, de Alvares Goulart R, Oshiiwa M. Association between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:501-507. [PMID: 29576524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concern with the incidence of chronic-degenerative diseases is increasing worldwide, and many studies have shown that insufficiency of vitamin D (VD) can be linked to several metabolic disorders. AIMS Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the metabolic syndrome risk factors, atherogenic indices and VD in a group of patients attended at a Cardiology Center. METHODS For this study, we invited 200 patients of both sexes attended in a Cardiology Center (Medical School of Marilia - São Paulo - Brazil). Most were female (n = 111) and aged between 41 and 70 years (from march to august, 2017). RESULTS Our results showed that only 20.0% of the patients presented normal levels of VD. Patients with altered values for this vitamin presented significantly higher values for glycemia, HbA1c, Total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, Castelli Index I, Castelli Index II, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, non-HDL-c and the estimative of the size of the LDL-c particle. Vitamin D correlated negatively with glycemia, HbA1C, triglycerides, atherogenic indices, Body Mass Index, and blood pressure. Multiple Regression Model showed that for an individual to maintain metabolic parameters, at least at borderline values, the levels of VD should be 37.64 that is not in accordance with the reference values. CONCLUSIONS These results showed a remarkable prevalence of low concentrations of Vitamin D in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition-Medical School of Marília-UNIMAR, Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília, 15525-902, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry-School of Food Technology (FATEC), Marília, 17506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Cardiologist of the Cardiac Surgery Unit and Hemodynamics-Medical School, Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luis de Campos
- Cardiologist of the Cardiac Surgery Unit and Hemodynamics-Medical School, Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition-Medical School of Marília-UNIMAR, Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília, 15525-902, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition-Medical School of Marília-UNIMAR, Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília, 15525-902, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marie Oshiiwa
- Department of Biochemistry-School of Food Technology (FATEC), Marília, 17506-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chen SI, Hsieh CC. Why are women with obesity more likely to develop breast cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1523-1526. [PMID: 29938526 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-I Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Partain N, Mokdad A, Puzziferri N, Porembka J, Seiler S, Christie A, Farr D, Rivers A, Marilyn Leitch A, Wooldridge R, Huth J, Rao R. Mammographic density changes in surgical weight loss-an indication for personalized screening. BMC Med Imaging 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29743035 PMCID: PMC5941592 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and high radiologic breast density independently increase breast cancer risk. We evaluated the effect of surgical weight loss on mammographic density (MD). METHODS Patients undergoing bariatric surgery and screening mammography (MG) were identified, data regarding demographics, comorbidities, calculated and genetic breast cancer risk was collected. Patients had a MG before and after surgery. Fellowship-trained breast radiologists assigned Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System density categories. RESULTS Patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy (n = 56) or gastric bypass (n = 7), 78% had hypertension, 48% had diabetes. Four had deleterious BRCA mutations, four were calculated high risk. Mean weight loss = 28.7 kg. Mean initial BMI = 44.3 kg/m2 (range:33-77), final BMI = 33.6 kg/m2 (range:20-62;p < 0.01). Density was unchanged in 53, decreased in 1, increased in 9. Of these 9(14%), 5 changed from almost entirely fatty to scattered MD, and 4 changed from scattered MD to heterogeneously dense. Mean weight loss of the 9 with increased MD was greater than the cohort (37.7vs.28.7 kg;p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Surgical weight loss increased MD in 14%. Increased MD masks malignancies, patients may benefit from additional screening based on calculated risk assessments that include MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Partain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Ali Mokdad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Nancy Puzziferri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Jessica Porembka
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Alana Christie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Deborah Farr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Aeisha Rivers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - A Marilyn Leitch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Rachel Wooldridge
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - James Huth
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Roshni Rao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, 161 Fort Washington Ave 10th floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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50
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McNamara KM, Kannai A, Sasano H. Possible roles for glucocorticoid signalling in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:38-50. [PMID: 28687451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of breast cancer biology, and our ability to manipulate breast cancers have grown exponentially in the last 20 years. Much of that expansion has focused on the roles of steroids in driving these neoplasms. Initially this research focused on estrogens and progesterone receptors, and more recently on androgen actions in breast cancers. This review aims to make the case for glucocorticoids as the next essential steroid subclass that contributes significantly to our understanding of steroidogenic regulation of these neoplasms. Glucocorticoids have the potential to play multiple roles in the regulation of breast cancers including their control of cellular differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. Beyond this they also act as a master integrator of organ homeostats in relation to such as circadian rhythms and stress responses. Therefore a better understanding of glucocorticoids and breast cancer could help to explain some of the epidemiological links between circadian disruption and/or stress and breast cancer development. Finally glucocorticoids are currently used during chemotherapeutic treatment in breast cancer therapy and yet results of various studies suggest that this may have an adverse impact on treatment success. This review aims to summarise the current evidence for glucocorticoids as actors in breast cancer and then suggest future essential approaches in order to determine the roles of glucocorticoids in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely M McNamara
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kannai
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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