1
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Bai Y, Yu EY, Liu Y, Jin H, Liu X, Wu X, Zhang M, Feng N, Huang P, Zhang H, Kwok RTK, Xia X, Li Y, Tang BZ, Wang H. Molecular Engineering of AIE Photosensitizers for Inactivation of Rabies Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303542. [PMID: 37431212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic neurological disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) that is fatal to humans and animals. While several post-infection treatment have been suggested, developing more efficient and innovative antiviral methods are necessary due to the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. To address this challenge, a strategy combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy, using a photosensitizer (TPA-Py-PhMe) with high type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability is proposed. This approach can inactivate the RABV by killing the virus directly and activating the immune response. At the cellular level, TPA-Py-PhMe can reduce the virus titer under preinfection prophylaxis and postinfection treatment, with its antiviral effect mainly dependent on ROS and pro-inflammatory factors. Intriguingly, when mice are injected with TPA-Py-PhMe and exposed to white light irradiation at three days post-infection, the onset of disease is delayed, and survival rates improved to some extent. Overall, this study shows that photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy open new avenues for future antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongsai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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2
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Bastos V, Pacheco V, Rodrigues ÉDL, Moraes CNS, Nóbile AL, Fonseca DLM, Souza KBS, do Vale FYN, Filgueiras IS, Schimke LF, Giil LM, Moll G, Cabral-Miranda G, Ochs HD, Vasconcelos PFDC, de Melo GD, Bourhy H, Casseb LMN, Cabral-Marques O. Neuroimmunology of rabies: New insights into an ancient disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29042. [PMID: 37885152 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient neuroinvasive viral (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) disease affecting approximately 59,000 people worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is targeted, and rabies has a case fatality rate of almost 100% in humans and animals. Rabies is entirely preventable through proper vaccination, and thus, the highest incidence is typically observed in developing countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. However, there are still cases in European countries and the United States. Recently, demographic, increasing income levels, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have caused a massive raising in the animal population, enhancing the need for preventive measures (e.g., vaccination, surveillance, and animal control programs), postexposure prophylaxis, and a better understanding of rabies pathophysiology to identify therapeutic targets, since there is no effective treatment after the onset of clinical manifestations. Here, we review the neuroimmune biology and mechanisms of rabies. Its pathogenesis involves a complex and poorly understood modulation of immune and brain functions associated with metabolic, synaptic, and neuronal impairments, resulting in fatal outcomes without significant histopathological lesions in the CNS. In this context, the neuroimmunological and neurochemical aspects of excitatory/inhibitory signaling (e.g., GABA/glutamate crosstalk) are likely related to the clinical manifestations of rabies infection. Uncovering new links between immunopathological mechanisms and neurochemical imbalance will be essential to identify novel potential therapeutic targets to reduce rabies morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pacheco
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Érika D L Rodrigues
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Cássia N S Moraes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Adriel L Nóbile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla B S Souza
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Y N do Vale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor S Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lasse M Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans D Ochs
- School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pedro F da Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of the State of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D de Melo
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Livia M N Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, PAHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arboviruses and other Zoonotic Viruses, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program of Physiopathology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Huaman C, Paskey AC, Clouse C, Feasley A, Rader M, Rice GK, Luquette AE, Fitzpatrick MC, Drumm HM, Yan L, Cer RZ, Donduashvili M, Buchukuri T, Nanava A, Hulseberg CE, Washington MA, Laing ED, Malagon F, Broder CC, Bishop-Lilly KA, Schaefer BC. Genomic Surveillance of Rabies Virus in Georgian Canines. Viruses 2023; 15:1797. [PMID: 37766204 PMCID: PMC10537093 DOI: 10.3390/v15091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that is considered a re-emerging infectious disease. Although rabies remains endemic in canines throughout much of the world, vaccination programs have essentially eliminated dog rabies in the Americas and much of Europe. However, despite the goal of eliminating dog rabies in the European Union by 2020, sporadic cases of dog rabies still occur in Eastern Europe, including Georgia. To assess the genetic diversity of the strains recently circulating in Georgia, we sequenced seventy-eight RABV-positive samples from the brain tissues of rabid dogs and jackals using Illumina short-read sequencing of total RNA shotgun libraries. Seventy-seven RABV genomes were successfully assembled and annotated, with seventy-four of them reaching the coding-complete status. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes placed all the assembled genomes into the Cosmopolitan clade, consistent with the Georgian origin of the samples. An amino acid alignment of the G glycoprotein ectodomain identified twelve different sequences for this domain among the samples. Only one of the ectodomain groups contained a residue change in an antigenic site, an R264H change in the G5 antigenic site. Three isolates were cultured, and these were found to be efficiently neutralized by the human monoclonal antibody A6. Overall, our data show that recently circulating RABV isolates from Georgian canines are predominantly closely related phylogroup I viruses of the Cosmopolitan clade. Current human rabies vaccines should offer protection against infection by Georgian canine RABVs. The genomes have been deposited in GenBank (accessions: OQ603609-OQ603685).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Huaman
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adrian C. Paskey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Caitlyn Clouse
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Austin Feasley
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Madeline Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory K. Rice
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Andrea E. Luquette
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Maren C. Fitzpatrick
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Hannah M. Drumm
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Tamar Buchukuri
- State Laboratory of Agriculture (SLA), Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Anna Nanava
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi 0198, Georgia
| | | | | | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian C. Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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4
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Zorzan M, Castellan M, Gasparotto M, Dias de Melo G, Zecchin B, Leopardi S, Chen A, Rosato A, Angelini A, Bourhy H, Corti D, Cendron L, De Benedictis P. Antiviral mechanisms of two broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies for rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186063. [PMID: 37638057 PMCID: PMC10449259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an acute and lethal encephalomyelitis caused by lyssaviruses, among which rabies virus (RABV) is the most prevalent and important for public health. Although preventable through the post-exposure administration of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulins (RIGs), the disease is almost invariably fatal since the onset of clinical signs. Two human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), RVC20 and RVC58, have been shown to be effective in treating symptomatic rabies. To better understand how these mAbs work, we conducted structural modeling and in vitro assays to analyze their mechanisms of action, including their ability to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. Our results indicate that both RVC20 and RVC58 recognize and lock the RABV-G protein in its pre-fusion conformation. RVC58 was shown to neutralize more potently the extra-cellular virus, while RVC20 mainly acts by reducing viral spreading from infected cells. Importantly, RVC20 was more effective in promoting effector functions compared to RVC58 and 17C7-RAB1 mAbs, the latter of which is approved for human rabies post-exposure treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the multiple mechanisms of action of RVC20 and RVC58 mAbs, offering relevant information for the development of these mAbs as treatment for human rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Zorzan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Zecchin
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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5
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Rupprecht CE, Mshelbwala PP, Reeves RG, Kuzmin IV. Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37252063 PMCID: PMC10195671 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics-and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health-before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable-occasional treatment-of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral-essentially 'one and done'. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future 'spreadable vaccines' might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Philip P. Mshelbwala
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R. Guy Reeves
- Max Planck Institut Für Evolutionsbiologie, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Ivan V. Kuzmin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
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6
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Li M, Zhu J, Li X, Luo TR, Liang J. Host Desmin Interacts with RABV Matrix Protein and Facilitates Virus Propagation. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020434. [PMID: 36851648 PMCID: PMC9964581 DOI: 10.3390/v15020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfilaments and microtubules, two crucial structures of cytoskeletal networks, are usurped by various viruses for their entry, egress, and/or intracellular trafficking, including the Rabies virus (RABV). Intermediate filaments (IFs) are the third major component of cytoskeletal filaments; however, little is known about the role of IFs during the RABV infection. Here, we identified the IF protein desmin as a novel host interactor with the RABV matrix protein, and we show that this physical interaction has a functional impact on the virus lifecycle. We found that the overexpression of desmin facilitates the RABV infection by increasing the progeny virus yield, and the suppression of endogenous desmin inhibits virus replication. Furthermore, we used confocal microscopy to observe that the RABV-M co-localizes with desmin in IF bundles in the BHK-21 cells. Lastly, we found that mice challenged with RABV displayed an enhanced expression of desmin in the brains of infected animals. These findings reveal a desmin/RABV-M interaction that positively regulates the virus infection and suggests that the RABV may utilize cellular IFs as tracks for the intracellular transport of viral components and efficient budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
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7
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Bonilla-Aldana DK, Ruiz-Saenz J, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Villamil-Gomez W, Mantilla-Meluk H, Arrieta G, León-Figueroa DA, Benites-Zapata V, Barboza JJ, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A, Franco OH, Cabrera M, Sah R, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Amer FA, Suárez JA, Henao-Martinez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Zumla A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Zero by 2030 and OneHealth: The multidisciplinary challenges of rabies control and elimination. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 51:102509. [PMID: 36435448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Research Unit, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru; Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Veterinaria, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wilmer Villamil-Gomez
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Secretaría de Salud de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Hugo Mantilla-Meluk
- Colección de Mastozoología y Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña, Universidad del Quindío, Carrera 15 Calle 12N, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
| | - German Arrieta
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología ACIN, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Clínica Salud Social Sincelejo, Corporación Universitaria del Caribe: CECAR, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Darwin A León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru; Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Vicente Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maritza Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule CIEAM, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile; Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal; Research Scholar, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fatma A Amer
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt; Chair of Viral Infection Working Group, and Executive Committee Member, International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy VIWG/ISAC, Egypt
| | - José Antonio Suárez
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Investigator 1 of the SNI, Senacyt, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andres F Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología ACIN, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 4861, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas - Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Editor-in-Chief, Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
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8
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Shi C, Tian L, Zheng W, Zhu Y, Sun P, Liu L, Liu W, Song Y, Xia X, Xue X, Zheng X. Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 AAV-RABVG expressing a Rabies Virus G protein confers long-lasting immune responses in mice and non-human primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1439-1451. [PMID: 35579916 PMCID: PMC9154782 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2078226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three or four intramuscular doses of the inactivated human rabies virus vaccines are needed for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis in humans. This procedure has made a great contribution to prevent human rabies deaths, which bring huge economic burdens in developing countries. Herein, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9, AAV9-RABVG, harbouring a RABV G gene, was generated to serve as a single dose rabies vaccine candidate. The RABV G protein was stably expressed in the 293T cells infected with AAV9-RABVG. A single dose of 2 × 1011 v.p. of AAV9-RABVG induced robust and long-term positive seroconversions in BALB/c mice with a 100% survival from a lethal RABV challenge. In Cynomolgus Macaques vaccinated with a single dose of 1 × 1013 v.p. of AAV9-RABVG, the titres of rabies VNAs increased remarkably from 2 weeks after immunity, and maintained over 31.525 IU/ml at 52 weeks. More DCs were activated significantly for efficient antigen presentations of RABV G protein, and more B cells were activated to be responsible for antibody responses. Significantly more RABV G specific IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-secreting CD4+ T cells were activated, and significantly higher levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 were secreted to aid immune responses. Overall, the AAV9-RABVG was a single dose rabies vaccine candidate with great promising by inducing robust, long-term humoral responses and both Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated immune responses in mice and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Shi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelei Zhu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilu Sun
- Institute of Materia Medical, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Xue
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang H, Huang J, Song Y, Liu X, Qian M, Huang P, Li Y, Zhao L, Wang H. Regulation of innate immune responses by rabies virus. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:418-429. [PMID: 36138548 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is an infectious and neurotropic pathogen that causes rabies and infects humans and almost all warm-blooded animals, posing a great threat to people and public safety. It is well known that innate immunity is the critical first line of host defense against viral infection. It monitors the invading pathogens by recognizing the pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns through pattern-recognition receptors, leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNα/β), inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, or the activation of autophagy or apoptosis to inhibit virus replication. In the case of RABV, the innate immune response is usually triggered when the skin or muscle is bitten or scratched. However, RABV has evolved many ways to escape or even hijack innate immune response to complete its own replication and eventually invades the central nervous system (CNS). Once RABV reaches the CNS, it cannot be wiped out by the immune system or any drugs. Therefore, a better understanding of the interplay between RABV and innate immunity is necessary to develop effective strategies to combat its infection. Here, we review the innate immune responses induced by RABV and illustrate the antagonism mechanisms of RABV to provide new insights for the control of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yumeng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Volokhov DV, Fry AM, Furtak V, Jones RM, Musiychuk K, Norikane J, Green BJ, Srinivas GB, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V. An ELISA-based antigenicity test of rabies recombinant glycoprotein cannot predict its protective potency in vivo. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 63:101815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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de Melo GD, Hellert J, Gupta R, Corti D, Bourhy H. Monoclonal antibodies against rabies: current uses in prophylaxis and in therapy. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 53:101204. [PMID: 35151116 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a severe viral infection that causes an acute encephalomyelitis, which presents a case fatality of nearly 100% after the manifestation of neurological clinical signs. Rabies can be efficiently prevented with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), composed of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs); however, no treatment exists for symptomatic rabies. The PEP protocol faces access and implementation obstacles in resource-limited settings, which could be partially overcome by substituting RIGs for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs offer lower production costs, consistent supply availability, long-term storage/stability, and an improved safety profile. Here we summarize the key features of the different available mAbs against rabies, focusing on their application in PEP and highlighting their potential in a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Jan Hellert
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie (HPI), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, National Reference Center for Rabies, Paris, F-75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, F-75015, France.
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12
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Umedera K, Morita T, Yoshimori A, Yamada K, Katoh A, Kouji H, Nakamura H. Synthesis of Three-Dimensional (Di)Azatricyclododecene Scaffold and Its Application to Peptidomimetics. Chemistry 2021; 27:11888-11894. [PMID: 34060167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel sp3 carbon-rich tricyclic 3D scaffold-based peptide mimetic compound library was constructed to target protein-protein interactions. Tricyclic framework 7 was synthesized from 9-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonan-3-one (11) via a gold(I)-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction. The electron-donating group on the pendant alkyne of cyclization precursor 12 b-e was the key to forming 6-endo-dig cyclized product 7 with complete regioselectivity. Using the synthetic strategy for regioselective construction of bridged tricyclic framework 7, a diazatricyclododecene 3D-scaffold 8 a, which enables the introduction of substituents into the scaffold to mimic amino acid side chains, was designed and synthesized. The peptide mimetics 21 a-u were synthesized via step-by-step installation of three substituents on diazatricyclododecene scaffold 8 a. Compounds 21 a-h were synthesized as α-helix peptide mimics of hydrophobic ZZxxZ and ZxxZZ sequences (Z=Leu or Phe) and subjected to cell-based assays: antiproliferative activity, HIF-1 transcriptional activity which is considered to affect cancer malignancy, and antiviral activity against rabies virus. Compound 21 a showed the strongest inhibitory activity of HIF-1 transcriptional activity (IC50 =4.1±0.8 μM), whereas compounds 21 a-g showed antiviral activity with IC50 values of 4.2-12.4 μM, suggesting that the 3D-scaffold 8 a has potential as a versatile peptide mimic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Umedera
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Taiki Morita
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Akira Katoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Medcine, Inc., Oita University, 17-20, Higashi kasuga-machi, Oita-city, Oita, 870-0037, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kouji
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Medcine, Inc., Oita University, 17-20, Higashi kasuga-machi, Oita-city, Oita, 870-0037, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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13
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2887-2942. [PMID: 32787752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812215852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that, for a long time, seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords "drug repurposing", "emerging viral infections" and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015, there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.
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14
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Luo J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li J, He H, Luo Y, Huang S, Guo X. Artesunate and Dihydroartemisinin Inhibit Rabies Virus Replication. Virol Sin 2021; 36:721-729. [PMID: 33661488 PMCID: PMC7930525 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is caused by infection of rabies virus (RABV) and remains a serious threat to the global public health. Except for the requirement for cold chain and high cost of human rabies immune globulin, no small molecule drugs are currently available for clinical treatment of rabies. So, it is of great importance to identify novel compounds that can effectively inhibit RABV infection. Artesunate (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA), two derivatives of artemisinin, are widely used for treatment of malaria in adults and children, showing high safety. In this study, we found that both ART and DHA were able to inhibit RABV replication in host cells at a low concentration (0.1 μmol/L). The antiviral effects of ART and DHA were independent of viral strains and cell lines. Pre-treatment with ART or DHA for 2 h in vitro did not affect the viral replication in host cells, implying that ART and DHA neither reduced the viability of RABV directly nor inhibited the binding and entrance of the virus to host cells. Further studies revealed that ART and DHA inhibited RABV genomic RNA synthesis and viral gene transcription. Treatment with ART or DHA (5 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection improved, to some extent, the survival rate of RABV-challenged mice. Combination treatment with derivatives of artemisinin and mannitol significantly improved the survival rate of RABV-challenged mice. The results suggest that ART and DHA have a great potential to be explored as new anti-rabies agents for treatment of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiesen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongling He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA. .,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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15
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Zhao W, Su J, Zhao N, Liu J, Su S. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Conserved and Variable Epitopes of Large Protein of Rabies Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020220. [PMID: 33572652 PMCID: PMC7911920 DOI: 10.3390/v13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) causes fatal neurological encephalitis and results in approximately 6000 human death cases worldwide every year. The large (L) protein of RABV, possessing conserved domains, is considered as the target for detection. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designated as 3F3, 3A6 and L-C, against L protein were generated by using the recombinant truncated L protein (aa 1431-1754) and the epitopes were also identified using a series of overlapping truncated polypeptides for testing the reactivity of mAbs with different RABV strains. The 1479EIFSIP1484, 1659RALSK1663 and 1724VFNSL1728 were identified as the minimal linear epitopes recognized by mAbs 3F3, 3A6 and L-C, respectively. Amino acid alignment showed epitope 1724VFNSL1728 recognized by mAb L-C is completely conserved among RABV strains, indicating that mAb L-C could be used to detect all of the RABV strains. Epitope 1479EIFSIP1484 is highly conserved among RABV strains except for a P1484S substitution in a China I sub-lineage strain of Asian lineage, which eliminated the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3F3. However, the epitope 1659RALSK1663 was only completely conserved in the Africa-2 and Indian lineages, and a single A1660T substitution, mainly appeared in strains of the China I belonging to Asian lineage and a Cosmopolitan lineage strain, still retained the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3A6. While both A1660T and K1663R substitutions in a China I lineage strain, single K1663R/Q substitution in some China II strains of Asian lineage and some Arctic-like lineage strains and R1659Q mutation in a strain of Africa-3 lineage eliminated the reactivity of the epitope with mAb 3A6, suggesting mAb 3A6 could be used for differentiation of variable epitopes of some strains in different lineages. Thus, variability and conservation of the three epitopes of L protein showed the reactive difference of mAbs among RABV strains of different lineages. These results may facilitate future studies in development of detection methods for RABV infection, the structure and function of RABV L protein.
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Bourhy H, de Melo GD, Tarantola A. [New aspects of rabies control]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2020; 204:1000-1009. [PMID: 32981935 PMCID: PMC7500396 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies still causes about 60,000 human deaths per year, mainly in poor populations in Africa and Asia. However, since Louis Pasteur developed the first vaccine 130 years ago, prophylactic measures have been considerably improved and simplified. They now consist of the vaccine combined with purified rabies immunoglobulins of equine or human origin. In general, however, post-exposure prophylaxis protocols are long and expensive. Furthermore, the immunoglobulins used for associated serotherapy are costly and not widely available in developing countries. Approaches have been developed to deal with these two issues that offer hope for a paradigm shift for the benefit of exposed populations. Finally, mass rabies vaccination in dogs, which are the most cost-effective measure for preventing rabies in humans, are difficult to implement and sometimes have moderate effectiveness. The identification and analysis of the epidemiological drivers conditioning the circulation of the virus in dog populations allow a better understanding of the key control points that need to be associated with these campaigns for a better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bourhy
- Unité lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie, centre collaborateur de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé de référence et de recherche sur la rage, institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - G D de Melo
- Unité lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie, centre collaborateur de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé de référence et de recherche sur la rage, institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - A Tarantola
- Unité lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie, centre collaborateur de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé de référence et de recherche sur la rage, institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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18
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Rohde RE, Rupprecht CE. Update on lyssaviruses and rabies: will past progress play as prologue in the near term towards future elimination? Fac Rev 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 33659941 PMCID: PMC7886060 DOI: 10.12703/b/9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient, much-feared, and neglected infectious disease. Caused by pathogens in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus, and distributed globally, this viral zoonosis results in tens of thousands of human fatalities and millions of exposures annually. All mammals are believed susceptible, but only certain taxa act as reservoirs. Dependence upon direct routing to, replication within, and passage from the central nervous system serves as a basic viral strategy for perpetuation. By a combination of stealth and subversion, lyssaviruses are quintessential neurotropic agents and cause an acute, progressive encephalitis. No treatment exists, so prevention is the key. Although not a disease considered for eradication, something of a modern rebirth has been occurring within the field as of late with regard to detection, prevention, and management as well as applied research. For example, within the past decade, new lyssaviruses have been characterized; sensitive and specific diagnostics have been optimized; pure, potent, safe, and efficacious human biologics have improved human prophylaxis; regional efforts have controlled canine rabies by mass immunization; wildlife rabies has been controlled by oral rabies vaccination over large geographic areas in Europe and North America; and debate has resumed over the controversial topic of therapy. Based upon such progress to date, there are certain expectations for the next 10 years. These include pathogen discovery, to uncover additional lyssaviruses in the Old World; laboratory-based surveillance enhancement by simplified, rapid testing; anti-viral drug appearance, based upon an improved appreciation of viral pathobiology and host response; and improvements to canine rabies elimination regionally throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas by application of the best technical, organizational, economic, and socio-political practices. Significantly, anticipated Gavi support will enable improved access of human rabies vaccines in lesser developed countries at a national level, with integrated bite management, dose-sparing regimens, and a 1 week vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney E Rohde
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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19
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Baldassarre A, Paolini A, Bruno SP, Felli C, Tozzi AE, Masotti A. Potential use of noncoding RNAs and innovative therapeutic strategies to target the 5'UTR of SARS-CoV-2. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1349-1361. [PMID: 32875809 PMCID: PMC7466951 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After the increasing number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections all over the world, researchers and clinicians are struggling to find a vaccine or innovative therapeutic strategies to treat this viral infection. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection that occurred in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and other more common infectious diseases such as hepatitis C virus, led to the discovery of many RNA-based drugs. Among them, siRNAs and antisense locked nucleic acids have been demonstrated to have effective antiviral effects both in animal models and humans. Owing to the high genomic homology of SARS-CoV-2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (80–82%) the use of these molecules could be employed successfully also to target this emerging coronavirus. Trying to translate this approach to treat COVID-19, we analyzed the common structural features of viral 5’UTR regions that can be targeted by noncoding RNAs and we also identified miRNAs binding sites suitable for designing RNA-based drugs to be employed successfully against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Baldassarre
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Stefania Paola Bruno
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Cristina Felli
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories; Multifactorial & Complex Phenotype Research Area, V.le di San Paolo 15, Rome 00146, Italy
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20
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Modern biologics for rabies prophylaxis and the elimination of human cases mediated by dogs. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1347-1359. [PMID: 32370562 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1766021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Rabies is a major viral zoonosis and neglected tropical disease, with a global distribution. Humans, domestic animals, and wild mammals are susceptible to infection. Etiological agents reside in the Order Mononegavirales, Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus. This acute, progressive encephalitis causes the highest case fatality of any conventional infectious disease. Tens of millions of humans become exposed annually to the bites of infected mammals, predominantly in Asia and Africa. Despite the existence of effective vaccines and immune globulins, tens of thousands of people, typically children in the developing world, succumb. Areas covered: Concentrating upon both historical and major published references from the peer-reviewed literature over the past 5 years, we describe current biologics for rabies prevention, newly recommended principles for prophylaxis, and relevant future products in the developmental pipeline. Expert opinion: Modern human rabies biologics are pure, potent, safe, and efficacious, when used in a timely and appropriate manner. Few individuals survive after clinical signs. Anti-viral compounds are not licensed. Experimental therapy, while obviously desirable, is highly controversial. Education on bite prevention and integrated risk management are critical. Access to affordable care, dose-sparing, and shortened regimens of human rabies biologics remain key.
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21
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Ebert G, Paradkar PN, Londrigan SL. Virology Downunder, a meeting commentary from the 2019 Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference, Australia. Virol J 2019; 16:109. [PMID: 31477134 PMCID: PMC6720860 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to summarise the virology content presented at the 9th Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference, Australia, in February 2019. The broad program included virology as a key theme, and the commentary herein highlights several key virology presentations at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Ebert
- Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Prasad N Paradkar
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Ogino T, Green TJ. Transcriptional Control and mRNA Capping by the GDP Polyribonucleotidyltransferase Domain of the Rabies Virus Large Protein. Viruses 2019; 11:E504. [PMID: 31159413 PMCID: PMC6631705 DOI: 10.3390/v11060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a causative agent of a fatal neurological disease in humans and animals. The large (L) protein of RABV is a multifunctional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is one of the most attractive targets for developing antiviral agents. A remarkable homology of the RABV L protein to a counterpart in vesicular stomatitis virus, a well-characterized rhabdovirus, suggests that it catalyzes mRNA processing reactions, such as 5'-capping, cap methylation, and 3'-polyadenylation, in addition to RNA synthesis. Recent breakthroughs in developing in vitro RNA synthesis and capping systems with a recombinant form of the RABV L protein have led to significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RABV RNA biogenesis. This review summarizes functions of RABV replication proteins in transcription and replication, and highlights new insights into roles of an unconventional mRNA capping enzyme, namely GDP polyribonucleotidyltransferase, domain of the RABV L protein in mRNA capping and transcription initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ogino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Todd J Green
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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23
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Brinton MA, Plemper RK. Editorial overview: Antiviral strategies: Antiviral drug development for single-stranded RNA viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 35:iii-v. [PMID: 31151832 PMCID: PMC7128362 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margo A Brinton
- Department of Biology, Petit Science Center Rm 623, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Petit Science Center Rm 712, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
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