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Marquez-Arrico JE, Catalán-Aguilar J, Navarro JF, Adan A. Neurocognitive and clinical profile of male patients with substance use disorder in early remission phase with and without comorbid depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111085. [PMID: 39002929 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) represents one of the most frequent conditions worldwide which commonly coexists with major depressive disorder (MDD). This comorbidity (SUD + MDD) is one of the most prevalent with patients showing certain social and clinical characteristics that could lead to a worsening of their cognitive performance. However, despite these particularities, only a few studies have addressed the possible differences in cognitive performance between patients with SUD + MDD compared with those with SUD-only patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the clinical and cognitive profile of patients with SUD + MDD vs. SUD-only who are in early remission phase. For this purpose, 271 male patients underwent a clinical and neuropsychological assessment (SUD + MDD group: N = 101; SUD-only group: N = 170). Results indicated that SUD + MDD patients showed worse cognitive performance than SUD in visuospatial reasoning, verbal memory and learning, recognition, and processing speed even after a 3-month period of abstinence. Furthermore, these patients exhibited more self-reported prefrontal symptoms, as well as worse social and clinical conditions. This study indicates that the neurocognitive and clinical profile of patients with SUD + MDD could represent a risk since their characteristics have been associated with poorer recovery and prognosis. Our results could be helpful in clinical practice highlighting the need for cognitive remediation strategies in these populations, providing information that would allow the implementation of more appropriate treatments and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Marquez-Arrico
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Catalán-Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Psychology Center, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació en Psicologia dels Recursos Humans, del Desenvolupament Organitzacional i de la Qualitat de Vida Laboral (Idocal), Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Navarro
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Eszlari N, Hullam G, Gal Z, Torok D, Nagy T, Millinghoffer A, Baksa D, Gonda X, Antal P, Bagdy G, Juhasz G. Olfactory genes affect major depression in highly educated, emotionally stable, lean women: a bridge between animal models and precision medicine. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:182. [PMID: 38589364 PMCID: PMC11002013 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Most current approaches to establish subgroups of depressed patients for precision medicine aim to rely on biomarkers that require highly specialized assessment. Our present aim was to stratify participants of the UK Biobank cohort based on three readily measurable common independent risk factors, and to investigate depression genomics in each group to discover common and separate biological etiology. Two-step cluster analysis was run separately in males (n = 149,879) and females (n = 174,572), with neuroticism (a tendency to experience negative emotions), body fat percentage, and years spent in education as input variables. Genome-wide association analyses were implemented within each of the resulting clusters, for the lifetime occurrence of either a depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder as the outcome. Variant-based, gene-based, gene set-based, and tissue-specific gene expression test were applied. Phenotypically distinct clusters with high genetic intercorrelations in depression genomics were found. A two-cluster solution was the best model in each sex with some differences including the less important role of neuroticism in males. In females, in case of a protective pattern of low neuroticism, low body fat percentage, and high level of education, depression was associated with pathways related to olfactory function. While also in females but in a risk pattern of high neuroticism, high body fat percentage, and less years spent in education, depression showed association with complement system genes. Our results, on one hand, indicate that alteration of olfactory pathways, that can be paralleled to the well-known rodent depression models of olfactory bulbectomy, might be a novel target towards precision psychiatry in females with less other risk factors for depression. On the other hand, our results in multi-risk females may provide a special case of immunometabolic depression.
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Grants
- This study was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, with grants K 143391 and PD 146014, as well as 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005 under the frame of ERA PerMed (ERAPERMED2019-108); by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (grant: 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002) and the Hungarian Brain Research Program 3.0 (NAP2022-I-4/2022); and by TKP2021-EGA-25, implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme. N. E. was supported by the ÚNKP-22-4-II-SE-1, and D. B. by the ÚNKP-22-4-I-SE-10 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. N. E. is supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- This study was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, with grants K 143391, as well as 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005 under the frame of ERA PerMed (ERAPERMED2019-108); by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (grant: 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002) and the Hungarian Brain Research Program 3.0 (NAP2022-I-4/2022); and by TKP2021-EGA-25, implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme.
- This study was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, with grants K 143391, as well as 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005 under the frame of ERA PerMed (ERAPERMED2019-108); by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (grant: 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002) and the Hungarian Brain Research Program 3.0 (NAP2022-I-4/2022); and by TKP2021-EGA-25, implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme. N. E. was supported by the ÚNKP-22-4-II-SE-1, and D. B. by the ÚNKP-23-4-II-SE-2 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.
- This study was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, with grants K 139330, K 143391, and PD 146014, as well as 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005 under the frame of ERA PerMed (ERAPERMED2019-108); by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (grant: 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002) and the Hungarian Brain Research Program 3.0 (NAP2022-I-4/2022); and by TKP2021-EGA-25, implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme. It was also supported by the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary under Grant TKP2021-EGA-02 and the European Union project RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00004 within the framework of the Artificial Intelligence National Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabor Hullam
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Millinghoffer
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pazmany Peter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sharma N, Sharma M, Tailor J, Chaudhari A, Joshi D, Acharya UR. Automated detection of depression using wavelet scattering networks. Med Eng Phys 2024; 124:104107. [PMID: 38418014 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Today, depression is a common problem that affects many people all over the world. It can impact a person's mood and quality of life unless identified and treated immediately. Due to the hectic and stressful modern life seems to be, depression has become a leading cause of mental health illnesses. Signals from electroencephalograms (EEG) are frequently used to detect depression. It is difficult, time-consuming, and highly skilled to manually detect depression using EEG data analysis. Hence, in the proposed study, an automated depression detection system using EEG signals is proposed. The proposed study uses a clinically available dataset and dataset provided by the Department of Psychiatry at the Government Medical College (GMC) in Kozhikode, Kerala, India which consisted of 15 depressed patients and 15 healthy subjects and a publically available Multi-modal Open Dataset (MODMA) for Mental-disorder Analysis available at UK Data service reshare that consisted of 24 depressed patients and 29 healthy subjects. In this study, we have developed a novel Deep Wavelet Scattering Network (DWSN) for the automated detection of depression EEG signals. The best-performing classifier is then chosen by feeding the features into several machine-learning algorithms. For the clinically available GMC dataset, Medium Neural Network (MNN) achieved the highest accuracy of 99.95% with a Kappa value of 0.999. Using the suggested methods, the precision, recall, and F1-score are all 1. For the MODMA dataset, Wide Neural Network (WNN) achieved the highest accuracy of 99.3% with a Kappa value of 0.987. Using the suggested methods, the precision, recall, and F1-score are all 0.99. In comparison to all current methodologies, the performance of the suggested research is superior. The proposed method can be used to automatically diagnose depression both at home and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Jimit Tailor
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Arth Chaudhari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), Delhi, India.
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
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4
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Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Mohamed Ali O, Daoust AR, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Children's neural reactivity to maternal praise and criticism: Associations with early depressive symptoms and maternal depression. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:12-27. [PMID: 36039979 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving experiences are implicated in children's depression risk; however, children's neural reactivity to positive and negative feedback from mothers, a potential mediator of depression risk, is poorly understood. In a sample of 81 children (Mage = 11.12 years, SDage = 0.63), some of whom were recruited based on a maternal history of depression (n = 29), we used fMRI to characterize children's neural responses to maternal praise and criticism. Maternal history of depression was unrelated to children's brain activity during both the praise and criticism conditions; however, ROI analyses showed that children's self-reported depressive symptoms were negatively associated with functional activity in the left anterior insula and right putamen while hearing maternal criticism. Whole-brain analyses showed that children's depressive symptoms were positively associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity while listening to maternal praise. These findings complement past work implicating these brain regions in the processing of emotionally salient stimuli, reward processing, and internal speech. Given associations between early depressive symptoms and later disorder, findings suggest that maladaptive neural processing of maternal feedback may contribute to children's early emerging risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R Daoust
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
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5
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Gana K, Boudouda NE, Salanova T, Broc G. What Do EURO-D Scores Capture? Disentangling Trait and State Variances in Depression Symptoms Across the Adult Life Span in Nine European Nations. Assessment 2023; 30:2580-2594. [PMID: 36840515 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary purposes of the present study were to determine (a) whether the EURO-D measures trait (i.e., time-invariant) versus state (i.e., time-variant) aspects of depression and (b) whether these aspects are stable across countries and ages. In five waves of the SHARE survey (a nationally representative Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe), we estimated trait-state-occasion models (TSO), including multiple-nation TSO, based on data from nine European nations over a 10-year period. Also, we used local structural equation modeling to test for the moderating effects of age on the TSO parameters. Our main findings were: (a) there were differences in the trait/state variances of depressive symptoms across nations. The amount of trait variance was above 60% for Belgium, Denmark, and France. It was between 50% and 60% for Austria, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland, while it was below 50% for Italy and Spain. (b) The effects of trait and state were almost equally the source of variance for depression symptoms across ages, with a slight advantage for the effects of trait (56% of the variance). This trend showed substantial stability across the adult life course (from age 40 up to age 95).
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6
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Whitton AE, Kumar P, Treadway MT, Rutherford AV, Ironside ML, Foti D, Fitzmaurice G, Du F, Pizzagalli DA. Distinct profiles of anhedonia and reward processing and their prospective associations with quality of life among individuals with mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5272-5281. [PMID: 37402852 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Leading professional health bodies have called for the wider adoption of Patient Reported Outcome Measures, such as quality of life, in research and clinical practice as a means for understanding why the global burden of depression continues to climb despite increased rates of treatment use. Here, we examined whether anhedonia-an often recalcitrant and impairing symptom of depression-along with its neural correlates, was associated with longitudinal changes in patient-reported quality of life among individuals seeking treatment for mood disorders. We recruited 112 participants, including n = 80 individuals with mood disorders (58 unipolar, 22 bipolar) and n = 32 healthy controls (63.4% female). We assessed anhedonia severity along with two electroencephalographic markers of neural reward responsiveness (scalp-level 'Reward Positivity' amplitude and source-localized reward-related activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex), and assessed quality of life at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Anhedonia emerged as a robust correlate of quality of life cross-sectionally and longitudinally among individuals with mood disorders. Furthermore, increased neural reward responsiveness at baseline was associated with greater improvements in quality of life over time, and this improvement was mediated by longitudinal improvements in anhedonia severity. Finally, differences in quality of life observed between individuals with unipolar and bipolar mood disorders were mediated by differences in anhedonia severity. Our findings indicate that anhedonia and its reward-related neural correlates are linked to variability in quality of life over time in individuals with mood disorders. Treatments capable of improving anhedonia and normalizing brain reward function may be necessary for improving broader health outcomes for individuals seeking treatment for depression.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01976975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Whitton
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- McLean Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Poornima Kumar
- McLean Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Fei Du
- McLean Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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Boyle CC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105307. [PMID: 37419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression. Such deficits in reward processing are also an important clinical target as a risk factor for depression onset. Unfortunately, reward-related deficits remain difficult to treat. To address this gap and inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive impairments in reward function. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible mechanism of reward deficits. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence for two components of this psychobiological pathway: 1) the effects of stress on reward function; and 2) the effects of inflammation on reward function. Within these two areas, we draw upon preclinical and clinical models, distinguish between acute and chronic effects of stress and inflammation, and address specific domains of reward dysregulation. By addressing these contextual factors, the review reveals a nuanced literature which might be targeted for additional scientific inquiry to inform the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA
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Kessler CL, Vrshek-Schallhorn S, Mineka S, Zinbarg RE, Craske M, Adam EK. Experiences of adversity in childhood and adolescence and cortisol in late adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1235-1250. [PMID: 34743763 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity influences the diurnal cortisol rhythm, yet the relative influence of different characteristics of adversity remains unknown. In this study, we examine how developmental timing (childhood vs. adolescence), severity (major vs. minor), and domain of early life adversity relate to diurnal cortisol rhythms in late adolescence. We assessed adversity retrospectively in early adulthood in a subsample of 236 participants from a longitudinal study of a diverse community sample of suburban adolescents oversampled for high neuroticism. We used multilevel modeling to assess associations between our adversity measures and the diurnal cortisol rhythm (waking and bedtime cortisol, awakening response, slope, and average cortisol). Major childhood adversities were associated with flatter daily slope, and minor adolescent adversities were associated with greater average daily cortisol. Examining domains of childhood adversities, major neglect and sexual abuse were associated with flatter slope and lower waking cortisol, with sexual abuse also associated with higher cortisol awakening response. Major physical abuse was associated with higher waking cortisol. Among adolescent adversities domains, minor neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing violence were associated with greater average cortisol. These results suggest severity, developmental timing, and domain of adversity influence the association of early life adversity with stress response system functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtenay L Kessler
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Susan Mineka
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Richard E Zinbarg
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Emma K Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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9
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Förstner BR, Böttger SJ, Moldavski A, Bajbouj M, Pfennig A, Manook A, Ising M, Pittig A, Heinig I, Heinz A, Mathiak K, Schulze TG, Schneider F, Kamp-Becker I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Padberg F, Banaschewski T, Bauer M, Rupprecht R, Wittchen HU, Rapp MA, Tschorn M. The associations of Positive and Negative Valence Systems, Cognitive Systems and Social Processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1161097. [PMID: 37398596 PMCID: PMC10313476 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP). Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: β = -0.35; NVS: β = 0.39; CS: β = -0.12; SP: β = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association. Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for. Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd R. Förstner
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Jane Böttger
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Manook
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre Pittig
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Heinig
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rapp
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mira Tschorn
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Vargas TG, Mittal VA. Brain morphometry points to emerging patterns of psychosis, depression, and anxiety vulnerability over a 2-year period in childhood. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3322-3334. [PMID: 37323064 PMCID: PMC10276191 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter morphometry studies have lent seminal insights into the etiology of mental illness. Existing research has primarily focused on adults and then, typically on a single disorder. Examining brain characteristics in late childhood, when the brain is preparing to undergo significant adolescent reorganization and various forms of serious psychopathology are just first emerging, may allow for a unique and highly important perspective of overlapping and unique pathogenesis. METHODS A total of 8645 youth were recruited as part of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), depressive, and anxiety symptoms were assessed three times over a 2-year period. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume were used to predict baseline symptomatology and symptom progression over time. RESULTS Some features could possibly signal common vulnerability, predicting progression across forms of psychopathology (e.g. superior frontal and middle temporal regions). However, there was a specific predictive value for emerging PLEs (lateral occipital and precentral thickness), anxiety (parietal thickness/area and cingulate), and depression (e.g. parahippocampal and inferior temporal). CONCLUSION Findings indicate common and distinct patterns of vulnerability for varying forms of psychopathology are present during late childhood, before the adolescent reorganization, and have direct relevance for informing novel conceptual models along with early prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa G Vargas
- Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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11
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Forster A, Rodrigues J, Ziebell P, Sanguinetti JL, Allen JJB, Hewig J. Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates the emergence of learned helplessness via midline theta modification. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:273-284. [PMID: 36842652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helplessness and hopelessness are states closely related to depressive disorders. They ensue following the anticipated absence of valid behavioral options to alleviate an aversive state. One neural structure involved in the detection of such options, is the cingulate cortex (CC), which conveys the evaluation of behavior against the value of its outcome. Accordingly, CC-related EEG measures are thought to correlate to feedback evaluation but also to anxious and conflict-related states, signaling the need for further adaptation to current requirements. Against this background, this study investigated the role of CC functioning in the emergence and prevention of helpless/hopeless states by applying low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (litFUS) neuromodulation prior to a learned helplessness task. METHOD In a randomized controlled double blind experimental setup with 55 participants, litFUS was used to inhibit the right lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), a region closely connected to CC modulation. Participants were instructed to play 8 games of chess against a computer that was unbeatable to them, while an EEG was recorded. Theta oscillation in midline electrodes, playing performance and self-rate measures on cognitive, affective and physiological parameters were assessed. RESULTS The results show a considerable influence of litFUS neuromodulation of the lPFC on midline theta activity (Fz and Pz electrode position) which in turn correlated to several psychological variables including self-report data on emotion, cognition, and arousal as well as behavioral measures (playing performance). LIMITATIONS Due to the small sample size and sample characteristics, results cannot be generalized to the field of clinical application. A replication of results in larger samples and in context of other sonication parameters is needed to increase the robustness of results and to maximize the efficacy of litFUS application. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the development of learned helplessness/hopelessness could be positively influenced in its course by litFUS neuromodulation of the right lPFC. In line with previous results, especially the posterior midline electrode Pz seems to be an interesting target for further research in this field as theta activity at this electrode is correlated to control perception and motivated behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use neuromodulation to monitor and manipulate the development of helplessness in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Forster
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rodrigues
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Ziebell
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Johannes Hewig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Sanwald S, Montag C, Kiefer M. Association between parental separation, childhood trauma, neuroticism, and depression: a case control study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1112664. [PMID: 37229385 PMCID: PMC10204799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parental separation has been suggested to be associated with depression development in offspring. The new family constellation subsequent to separation could be associated with elevated scores of childhood trauma, shaping more emotionally instable personalities. This could ultimately be a risk factor for mood disorders and particularly the development of depression in life. Methods To test this hypothesis, we investigated the associations between parental separation, childhood trauma (CTQ) and personality (NEO-FFI) in a sample of N = 119 patients diagnosed with depression and N = 119 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results While parental separation was associated with elevated scores of childhood trauma, there was no association between parental separation and Neuroticism. Furthermore, in a logistic regression analysis, Neuroticism and childhood trauma were found to be significant predictors for depression diagnosis (yes/no), but not parental separation (yes/no). Conclusion Parental separation might be associated with depression only indirectly via childhood trauma. Childhood trauma or Neuroticism seem more directly related to the development of depression. However, it is worthwhile to install prevention programs helping parents and children to cope with parental separation in order to minimize the impact of separation and associated stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sanwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Kiefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Berretz G, Packheiser J. Altered hemispheric asymmetries as an endophenotype in psychological and developmental disorders: A theory on the influence of stress on brain lateralization. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1054114. [PMID: 36408453 PMCID: PMC9672314 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Berretz
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Packheiser
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Zhang ZQ, Yang MH, Guo ZP, Liao D, Sörös P, Li M, Walter M, Wang L, Liu CH. Increased prefrontal cortex connectivity associated with depression vulnerability and relapse. J Affect Disord 2022; 304:133-141. [PMID: 35219743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mood disorder, characterized by depressed mood, reduced capabilities to concentrate, impaired cognition, as well as a high risk of relapse. Unaffected siblings who have high risks for MDD development and yet without clinical symptoms may be helpful for understanding the neural mechanisms of MDD traits. METHODS We investigated both regional fluctuation and inter-regional synchronization in 31 fully remitted MDD patients, 29 unaffected siblings and 43 age, gender, and educational level matched helathy controls (HCs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The 17-item HAMD and neurocognitive scales were performed. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) strength were investigated. RESULTS Compared with healthy control group, patients with remitted MDD and unaffected siblings showed increased fALFF in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and increased FC between the left dmPFC and the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In addition, a negative correlation was observed between the fALFF value in the left dmPFC and the speed of Trail Making Test in the remitted MDD patients. Higher vmPFC-dmPFC FC was positively correlated with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) total correct, and negatively correlated with WCST random errors. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of clinical symptoms, individuals with remitted MDD and unaffected siblings showed increased fALFF in left dmPFC as well as the vmPFC-dmPFC connectivity. These results suggest a specific trait abnormality in the default mode network associated with vulnerability to MDD, which may have implications for developing effective therapies using this network as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Qing Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ming-Hao Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Peter Sörös
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China.
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15
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Liang JN, Hu WT, Gu YT, Cheng TH, Geng JS, Wang KL, Wang LJ, Yao XR, Shen JF, Wang YY. Impairment of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli in individuals with subclinical depression. Psych J 2022; 11:327-334. [PMID: 35419989 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Response inhibition, a crucial component of executive function, is closely related to personal impulse control, social adaption, and mental health. Previous studies have found response inhibition deficit in patients with major depressive disorder, but whether it also exists in individuals with subclinical depression (SD) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the ability of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli both under explicit and implicit conditions in individuals with SD. Thirty-six subclinical depressed college students and 39 healthy individuals were recruited and administered the non-emotional, explicit, and implicit emotional stop-signal tasks (SSTs). Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to analyze the differences between and within groups. In implicit emotional SST, the results showed a significant longer stop-signal response time, a shorter stop-signal delay time, a shorter go reaction time, and a similar proportion of stop success in the SD group compared to healthy controls. However, the above indices showed no significant difference between the two groups in the non-emotional SST and explicit emotional SST. These findings suggest a possible defect of response inhibition in implicit emotional processing in individuals with SD, which may potentially serve as a marker of susceptibility to depression and thus be applied to early screening and intervention for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ning Liang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Gu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tian-Hua Cheng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia-Sen Geng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kui-Lai Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin-Ran Yao
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jian-Fei Shen
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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16
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Sanwald S, Widenhorn-Müller K, Montag C, Kiefer M. Primary emotions as predictors for fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder and healthy control participants. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:94. [PMID: 35135505 PMCID: PMC8822792 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are reports of an increase in depressive symptoms and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular in patients with depression. This study investigates factors related to fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients suffering from depression and healthy controls by assessing variables typically associated with depression and anxiety disorders, i.e. stressful life events (SLEs), the primary emotions SADNESS, PLAY and SEEKING as well as dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies with respect to suppression and reappraisal. METHODS Data of n = 44 former inpatients suffering from depression and n = 49 healthy controls were collected. The study had a longitudinal design with two measurement points. Before the pandemic, SLEs, primary emotions, emotion regulation and depression severity were assessed. During the pandemic, COVID-19 associated stressors and life events, emotion regulation, depression severity and fear of COVID-19 were assessed. RESULTS Fear of COVID-19 and depression severity during the pandemic were significantly higher in former inpatients than in healthy controls. Depression diagnosis, SLEs and depression severity before the pandemic were significant positive predictors of fear of COVID-19. The primary emotion PLAY was a significant negative predictor of fear of COVID-19. Depression severity did not change significantly in healthy controls. CONCLUSION The results show that risk factors for depression might be risk factors for high fear of COVID-19. In addition, a playful personality could help preventing mental stress in pandemic situations. Thus, positivity based interventions could counteract elevated fear scores during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sanwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Katharina Widenhorn-Müller
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Montag
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Kiefer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Treatment-Resistant Depression with Anhedonia: Integrating Clinical and Preclinical Approaches to Investigate Distinct Phenotypes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Why has computational psychiatry yet to influence routine clinical practice? One reason may be that it has neglected context and temporal dynamics in the models of certain mental health problems. We develop three heuristics for estimating whether time and context are important to a mental health problem: Is it characterized by a core neurobiological mechanism? Does it follow a straightforward natural trajectory? And is intentional mental content peripheral to the problem? For many problems the answers are no, suggesting that modeling time and context is critical. We review computational psychiatry advances toward this end, including modeling state variation, using domain-specific stimuli, and interpreting differences in context. We discuss complementary network and complex systems approaches. Novel methods and unification with adjacent fields may inspire a new generation of computational psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Hitchcock
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; ,
| | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; ,
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02192, USA
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19
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Pizzagalli DA, Roberts AC. Prefrontal cortex and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:225-246. [PMID: 34341498 PMCID: PMC8617037 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has emerged as one of the regions most consistently impaired in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although functional and structural PFC abnormalities have been reported in both individuals with current MDD as well as those at increased vulnerability to MDD, this information has not translated into better treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we argue that dissecting depressive phenotypes into biologically more tractable dimensions - negative processing biases, anhedonia, despair-like behavior (learned helplessness) - affords unique opportunities for integrating clinical findings with mechanistic evidence emerging from preclinical models relevant to depression, and thereby promises to improve our understanding of MDD. To this end, we review and integrate clinical and preclinical literature pertinent to these core phenotypes, while emphasizing a systems-level approach, treatment effects, and whether specific PFC abnormalities are causes or consequences of MDD. In addition, we discuss several key issues linked to cross-species translation, including functional brain homology across species, the importance of dissecting neural pathways underlying specific functional domains that can be fruitfully probed across species, and the experimental approaches that best ensure translatability. Future directions and clinical implications of this burgeoning literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School & McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Allison GO, Kamath RA, Carrillo V, Alqueza KL, Pagliaccio D, Slavich GM, Shankman SA, Auerbach RP. Self-referential Processing in Remitted Depression: An Event-Related Potential Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 3:119-129. [PMID: 36712564 PMCID: PMC9874080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying mechanisms of major depressive disorder that continue into remission is critical, as these mechanisms may contribute to subsequent depressive episodes. Biobehavioral markers related to depressogenic self-referential processing biases have been identified in adults with depression. Thus, we investigated whether these risk factors persisted during remission as well as contributed to the occurrence of stress and depressive symptoms over time. Methods At baseline, adults with remitted depression (n = 33) and healthy control subjects (n = 33) were administered diagnostic and stress interviews as well as self-report symptom measures. In addition, participants completed a self-referential encoding task while electroencephalography data were acquired. Stress interviews and self-report symptom measures were readministered at the 6-month follow-up assessment. Results Drift diffusion modeling showed that compared with healthy individuals, adults with remitted depression exhibited a slower drift rate to negative stimuli, indicating a slower tendency to reject negative stimuli as self-relevant. At the 6-month follow-up assessment, a slower drift rate to negative stimuli predicted greater interpersonal stress severity among individuals with remitted depression but not healthy individuals while controlling for both baseline depression symptoms and interpersonal stress severity. Highlighting the specificity of this effect, results were nonsignificant when predicting noninterpersonal stress. For self-relevant positive words endorsed, adults with remitted depression exhibited smaller left- than right-hemisphere late positive potential amplitudes; healthy control subjects did not show hemispheric differences. Conclusions Self-referential processing deficits persist into remission. In line with the stress generation framework, these biases predicted the occurrence of interpersonal stress, which may provide insight about a potential pathway for the re-emergence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rahil A. Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Vivian Carrillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kira L. Alqueza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York,Address correspondence to Randy P. Auerbach, Ph.D.
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21
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van Sprang ED, Maciejewski DF, Milaneschi Y, Kullberg ML, Hu MX, Elzinga BM, van Hemert AM, Hartman CA, Penninx BWJH. Familial resemblance in mental health symptoms, social and cognitive vulnerability, and personality: A study of patients with depressive and anxiety disorders and their siblings. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:420-429. [PMID: 34320449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating siblings of probands with affective disorders enables the identification of psychopathology-related risk features. Leveraging data from an older adult sample, as compared to most previous sibling studies, enabled us to study more definitive clinical profiling across the lifespan. We examined prevalence of depressive/anxiety disorders in siblings, proband-sibling resemblance in psychopathology-related features, and whether unaffected siblings showed higher levels of these features than healthy controls. METHODS The sample (N=929; Mage=50.6) consisted of 256 probands with lifetime depressive and/or anxiety disorders, their 380 siblings, and 293 healthy controls without affected relatives. Fifteen psychopathology-related features were investigated across four domains: mental health symptoms, social vulnerabilities, cognitive vulnerabilities, and personality. RESULTS Lifetime disorders were present in 50.3% of siblings. Prevalence was 2-3 times higher than Dutch population frequencies. We found small to medium probandsibling resemblance across psychopathology-related features (ρ=0.10-0.32). Unaffected siblings reported poorer interpersonal functioning and more negative life events, childhood trauma, and rumination than healthy controls. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional study design, the directionality of effects cannot be determined. No inferences can be made about potential differences in familial resemblance in psychopathology-related features between high- and low-risk families. CONCLUSIONS Siblings of probands with affective disorders are at higher risk for depressive/anxiety disorders. Even when unaffected, still show higher psychosocial vulnerability than healthy controls. Nevertheless, the only modest proband-sibling resemblance across psychopathology-related features suggests that individual mechanisms differentiate clinical trajectories across the lifespan. Identification of these mechanisms is crucial to improve resilience in subjects with familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore D van Sprang
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique F Maciejewski
- Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mandy X Hu
- 113 Zelfmoordpreventie, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Genome-wide association study of panic disorder reveals genetic overlap with neuroticism and depression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4179-4190. [PMID: 31712720 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) has a lifetime prevalence of 2-4% and heritability estimates of 40%. The contributory genetic variants remain largely unknown, with few and inconsistent loci having been reported. The present report describes the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PD to date comprising genome-wide genotype data of 2248 clinically well-characterized PD patients and 7992 ethnically matched controls. The samples originated from four European countries (Denmark, Estonia, Germany, and Sweden). Standard GWAS quality control procedures were conducted on each individual dataset, and imputation was performed using the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel. A meta-analysis was then performed using the Ricopili pipeline. No genome-wide significant locus was identified. Leave-one-out analyses generated highly significant polygenic risk scores (PRS) (explained variance of up to 2.6%). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analysis of the GWAS data showed that the estimated heritability for PD was 28.0-34.2%. After correction for multiple testing, a significant genetic correlation was found between PD and major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism. A total of 255 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p < 1 × 10-4 were followed up in an independent sample of 2408 PD patients and 228,470 controls from Denmark, Iceland and the Netherlands. In the combined analysis, SNP rs144783209 showed the strongest association with PD (pcomb = 3.10 × 10-7). Sign tests revealed a significant enrichment of SNPs with a discovery p-value of <0.0001 in the combined follow up cohort (p = 0.048). The present integrative analysis represents a major step towards the elucidation of the genetic susceptibility to PD.
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23
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Pfarr JK, Brosch K, Meller T, Ringwald KG, Schmitt S, Stein F, Meinert S, Grotegerd D, Thiel K, Lemke H, Winter A, Waltemate L, Hahn T, Opel N, Repple J, Bauer J, Jansen A, Dannlowski U, Krug A, Kircher T, Nenadić I. Brain structural connectivity, anhedonia, and phenotypes of major depressive disorder: A structural equation model approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5063-5074. [PMID: 34302413 PMCID: PMC8449111 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant brain structural connectivity in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been repeatedly reported, yet many previous studies lack integration of different features of MDD with structural connectivity in multivariate modeling approaches. In n = 595 MDD patients, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the intercorrelations between anhedonia, anxiety, neuroticism, and cognitive control in one comprehensive model. We then separately analyzed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) connectivity measures in association with those clinical variables, and finally integrated brain connectivity associations, clinical/cognitive variables into a multivariate SEM. We first confirmed our clinical/cognitive SEM. DTI analyses (FWE‐corrected) showed a positive correlation of anhedonia with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and forceps minor/corpus callosum, while neuroticism was negatively correlated with axial diffusivity (AD) in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF). An extended SEM confirmed the associations of ATR FA with anhedonia and UF/IFOF AD with neuroticism impacting on cognitive control. Our findings provide evidence for a differential impact of state and trait variables of MDD on brain connectivity and cognition. The multivariate approach shows feasibility of explaining heterogeneity within MDD and tracks this to specific brain circuits, thus adding to better understanding of heterogeneity on the biological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Gustav Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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24
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Axenovich TI, Belonogova NM, Zorkoltseva IV, Tsepilov YA. Number of Genes Associated with Neuroticism due to Their Polymorphisms. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421070024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Goldstein BL, Grasso DJ, McCarthy KJ, DiVietro S, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Neurophysiological patterns associated with blunted emotional face processing and withdrawal tendencies in young children exposed to intimate partner violence. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22154. [PMID: 34196402 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies linking child maltreatment to abnormal neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli and mental health impairment have not specifically explored these patterns in young children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). The present study examined two neurophysiological indicators, resting-state electroencephalography and an emotion event-related potential (ERP) in 21 IPV exposed and 30 nonexposed children ages 4-6 years recruited from the community and domestic violence shelters. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) was assessed while at rest. FAA is often associated with avoidant/withdrawn behavior and increased risk of IPV-related mental health conditions (e.g., depression). Additionally, the late positive potential (LPP) ERP component, reflecting motivated attention, was acquired in the context of an age-appropriate affective oddball paradigm with low probability animal pictures as targets and human facial expressions (angry, happy, neutral) as distracters. Results demonstrated that IPV-exposed children, compared with nonexposed children, exhibited lower left FAA during resting state and reduced LPPs to oddball targets and affective faces relative to neutral faces in the oddball task. Together, these results suggest neural patterns associated with a blunted response to emotional stimuli and withdrawal tendencies, respectively, in young children exposed to IPV. Implications for emotional socialization in this vulnerable population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Damion J Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susie DiVietro
- Injury Prevention Center, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret J Briggs-Gowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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26
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Liu Y, Meng J, Wang K, Zhuang K, Chen Q, Yang W, Qiu J, Wei D. Morphometry of the Hippocampus Across the Adult Life-Span in Patients with Depressive Disorders: Association with Neuroticism. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:587-597. [PMID: 33988780 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is one of the main endophenotypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is closely related to the negative effect systems of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domains. The relationship between neuroticism and aging is dynamic and complex. Moreover, reduced hippocampal volumes are probably the most frequently reported structural neuroimaging finding associated with MDD. However, it remains unclear to what extent hippocampal abnormalities are linked with age and neuroticism changes in people with depression through the adult life span. This study aimed to examine the interplay between aging and neuroticism on hippocampal morphometric across the adult life-span in a relative large sample of patients with depressive disorders (114 patients, 73 females, age range: 18-74 years) and healthy control (HC) subjects (112 healthy controls, 72 females, age range: 19-72 years). MDD patients showed reduced bilateral hippocampal volumes. The effect of aging on the left hippocampal showed linear and the right hippocampal volume non-linear trajectories throughout the adult life span in healthy groups and MDD groups respectively. The hippocampal atrophy was dynamically impacted by depression at the early stages of adult life. Furthermore, we observed that right hippocampal volume reduction was associated with higher neuroticism in depressive patients younger than 30.65 years old. Our results suggest that the age-related atrophy in the right hippocampal volume was more affected by individual differences in neuroticism among younger depressive patients. Hippocampal volume reduction as a vulnerability factor for early-onset and major geriatric depression may have a distinct endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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27
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An alternative approach to future diagnostic standards for major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110133. [PMID: 33049324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the period extending from 1780 to 1880, the conceptualization of melancholia changed from an intellectual to a mood model. The modern view of depression, based on Kraepelinian dualism, has reflected changes in opinion on psychiatric taxonomy of individual melancholia. From the point of view of an "operational revolution," the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III) were based on a neoKraepelinian approach rooted in disease essentialism. In the revision process from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, a combined dimensional and categorial approach was used. In the DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder are polythetic and operational in approach reflecting the heterogeneity of major depressive disorder. Although 227 different symptom combinations fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder can be theoretically calculated, certain symptom combinations are more prevalent than others in real clinical situations. The heterogeneity of these operational criteria for major depressive disorder have been criticized in a manner informed by the Wittgensteinian analogy of the language game. Herein, our network analysis proposes a novel perspective on the psychopathology of major depressive disorder. The novel approach suggested here may lay the foundation for a redefinition of the traditional taxonomy of depression.
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28
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Belonogova NM, Zorkoltseva IV, Tsepilov YA, Axenovich TI. Gene-based association analysis identifies 190 genes affecting neuroticism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2484. [PMID: 33510330 PMCID: PMC7844228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait, which is an important risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Recent genome-wide studies reported about 600 genes potentially influencing neuroticism. Little is known about the mechanisms of their action. Here, we aimed to conduct a more detailed analysis of genes that can regulate the level of neuroticism. Using UK Biobank-based GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene-based association analysis using four sets of within-gene variants, each set possessing specific protein-coding properties. To guard against the influence of strong GWAS signals outside the gene, we used a specially designed procedure called “polygene pruning”. As a result, we identified 190 genes associated with neuroticism due to the effect of within-gene variants rather than strong GWAS signals outside the gene. Thirty eight of these genes are new. Within all genes identified, we distinguished two slightly overlapping groups obtained from using protein-coding and non-coding variants. Many genes in the former group included potentially pathogenic variants. For some genes in the latter group, we found evidence of pleiotropy with gene expression. Using a bioinformatics analysis, we prioritized the neuroticism genes and showed that the genes that contribute to neuroticism through their within-gene variants are the most appropriate candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda M Belonogova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Zorkoltseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yakov A Tsepilov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Axenovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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29
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Park SC, Kim YK. Challenges and Strategies for Current Classifications of Depressive Disorders: Proposal for Future Diagnostic Standards. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:103-116. [PMID: 33834397 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) was revised based on a combination of a categorical and a dimensional approach such that in the DSM, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), depressive disorders have been separated as a distinctive disease entity from bipolar disorders, consistent with the deconstruction of Kraepelinian dualism. Additionally, the diagnostic thresholds of depressive disorders may be reduced due to the addition of "hopelessness" to the subjective descriptors of depressed mood and the removal of the "bereavement exclusion." Manic/hypomanic, psychotic, and anxious symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD) and other depressive disorders are described using the transdiagnostic specifiers of "with mixed features," "with psychotic features," and "with anxious distress," respectively. Additionally, due to the polythetic and operational characteristics of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, the heterogeneity of MDD is inevitable. Thus, 227 different symptom combinations fulfill the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for MDD. This heterogeneity of MDD is criticized in view of the Wittgensteinian analogy of language game. Depression subtypes determined by disturbances in monoamine levels and the severity of the disease have been identified in the literature. According to a review of the Gottesman and Gould criteria, neuroticism, morning cortisol, cortisol awakening response, asymmetry in frontal cortical activity on electroencephalography (EEG), and probabilistic reward learning, among other variables, are evidenced as endophenotypes for depressive disorders. Network analysis has been proposed as a potential method to compliment the limitations of current diagnostic criteria and to explore the pathways between depressive symptoms, as well as to identify novel and interesting relationships between depressive symptoms. Based on the literature on network analysis in this field, no differences in the centrality index of the DSM and non-DSM symptoms were repeatedly present among patients with MDD. Furthermore, MDD and other depressive syndromes include two of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), including the Loss construct within the Negative Valence Systems domains and various Reward constructs within the Positive Valence Systems domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Ironside M, Admon R, Maddox SA, Mehta M, Douglas S, Olson DP, Pizzagalli DA. Inflammation and depressive phenotypes: evidence from medical records from over 12 000 patients and brain morphology. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2790-2798. [PMID: 31615590 PMCID: PMC7160032 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and human studies suggest an association between chronic inflammation and the development of depressive behaviors. This is proposed to occur through downstream effects of inflammatory cytokines on neuroplasticity, neurogenesis and neurotransmitter function, although the neural correlates remain poorly understood in humans. METHODS In Study 1, structural magnetic resonance imaging and serum inflammatory cytokine data were analyzed from 53 psychiatrically healthy female participants. Correlational analyses were conducted between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and volume in a priori regions implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). In Study 2, medical data [including serum inflammatory acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein)] were analyzed for 12 589 participants. Participants were classified as having (n = 2541) v. not having (n = 10 048) probable lifetime MDD using phenotypes derived using machine-learning approaches. Non-parametric analyses compared inflammation between groups, whereas regression analyses probed whether inflammation predicted probable MDD classification while accounting for other variables. RESULTS In Study 1, significant negative correlations emerged between IL-6 and hippocampal, caudate, putamen and amygdalar volume. In Study 2, the MDD group showed a higher probability of elevated inflammation than the non-MDD group. Moreover, elevated inflammation was a significant predictor of probable MDD classification. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that inflammation is cross-sectionally related to reduced volume in brain regions implicated in MDD phenotypes among a sample of psychiatrically healthy women, and is associated with the presence of probable MDD in a large clinical dataset. Future investigations may identify specific inflammatory markers predicting first MDD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ironside
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Roee Admon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephanie A. Maddox
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | | | | | - David P. Olson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
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31
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Goldstein BL, Kessel EM, Kujawa A, Finsaas MC, Davila J, Hajcak G, Klein DN. Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1548-1555. [PMID: 31274066 PMCID: PMC8101023 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing deficits have been implicated in the etiology of depression. A blunted reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential elicited by feedback to monetary gain relative to loss, predicts new onsets and increases in depression symptoms. Etiological models of depression also highlight stressful life events. However, no studies have examined whether stressful life events moderate the effect of the RewP on subsequent depression symptoms. We examined this question during the key developmental transition from childhood to adolescence. METHODS A community sample of 369 children (mean age of 9) completed a self-report measure of depression symptoms. The RewP to winning v. losing was elicited using a monetary reward task. Three years later, we assessed stressful life events occurring in the year prior to the follow-up. Youth depressive symptoms were rated by the children and their parents at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Stressful life events moderated the effect of the RewP on depression symptoms at follow-up such that a blunted RewP predicted higher depression symptoms in individuals with higher levels of stressful life events. This effect was also evident when events that were independent of the youth's behavior were examined separately. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the RewP reflects a vulnerability for depression that is activated by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen M. Kessel
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development - Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Megan C. Finsaas
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Joanne Davila
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology - Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Daniel N. Klein
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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32
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Latalova K, Sery O, Hosakova K, Hosak L. Gene-Environment Interactions in Major Mental Disorders in the Czech Republic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1147-1156. [PMID: 32440130 PMCID: PMC7212780 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s238522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders affect about one-third of the human population, are typically chronic and significantly decrease the quality of life. Presently, the treatment of mental illnesses is far from adequate with a substantial proportion of the patients being pharmacoresistant and suffering from relapses. One of the reasons for this complicated situation is that we do not precisely know about the causes of mental disorders, so their treatment cannot be causal. The etiology of a mental disorder is typically based on a combination of molecular (genetic) and environmental factors. AIM The aim of the project is to discover the gene-environment interactions (GxE) in a wide spectrum of mental disorders. METHODS The design of our study is innovative in the sense that we intend to study large groups of associated mental disorders as a whole instead of in isolation. This would enable us to map out the possible environmental causal factors in detail in relation to their character, magnitude and timing. The project also allows a study of genetics (including epigenetics and microbiomes) as well as the environment simultaneously. We plan on involving three study groups: the first group are patients suffering from schizophrenia or a mood disorder such as major depression, recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder; the second group of patients have anxiety disorders; and the third group are healthy volunteers from the general population who are genetically unrelated. All of the study subjects will undergo the following assessments: a psychiatric examination, the identification of stressful life events with the aid of a questionnaire, the examination of their reaction to stress, genetic and epigenetic (microRNA) assessments and the analysis of oral and gut microbiome. CONCLUSION We expect that some of the genetic as well as environmental factors in the studied mental disorders are shared, while some others are specific. We also expect that the GxE (gene-environment interaction) in schizophrenic and affective disorders will be different from the GxE in anxiety disorders and that the GxE in the studied mental disorders will differ generally from the GxE in healthy volunteers. Our results can help in the prevention and individualized treatment of a range of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Palacky University Olomouc, School of Medicine and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Omar Sery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Hosakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, School of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, School of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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33
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Bas-Hoogendam JM, Westenberg PM. Imaging the socially-anxious brain: recent advances and future prospects. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-230. [PMID: 32269760 PMCID: PMC7122428 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21214.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is serious psychiatric condition with a genetic background. Insight into the neurobiological alterations underlying the disorder is essential to develop effective interventions that could relieve SAD-related suffering. In this expert review, we consider recent neuroimaging work on SAD. First, we focus on new results from magnetic resonance imaging studies dedicated to outlining biomarkers of SAD, including encouraging findings with respect to structural and functional brain alterations associated with the disorder. Furthermore, we highlight innovative studies in the field of neuroprediction and studies that established the effects of treatment on brain characteristics. Next, we describe novel work aimed to delineate endophenotypes of SAD, providing insight into the genetic susceptibility to develop the disorder. Finally, we outline outstanding questions and point out directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, c/o LUMC, postzone C2-S, P.O.Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. Michiel Westenberg
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, c/o LUMC, postzone C2-S, P.O.Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Trajectories of depression symptoms from pre- to post- deployment: Does previous trauma predict symptom increase? J Affect Disord 2020; 266:120-127. [PMID: 32056865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant minority of individuals experience depression following military deployment. The course of depression symptoms varies over time and across individuals; several factors including combat exposure influence depressions incidence and course. Importantly, previous trauma, especially in childhood, have been found increase the risk of post-deployment depression. METHODS In a prospective sample of 530 soldiers deployed to Afghanistan in 2009, we used latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) to estimate trajectories of depression symptoms from before through 6.5 years after deployment. In a multinomial logistic regression model, we tested if childhood and adult life trauma predicted trajectory membership in combination with combat exposure and neuroticism. RESULTS We identified a large trajectory of few depression symptoms from before through 6.5 years after deployment (Low-stable, 86.5%), a trajectory with somewhat elevated symptoms (Medium-fluctuating, 4.0%), and a trajectory with few symptoms before deployment and a steep increase to a severe symptom level 6.5 years after deployment (Low-increasing, 9.4%). The Low-increasing trajectory was predicted by lower rank and childhood trauma, while the Medium-fluctuating trajectory was predicted by neuroticism, adult life trauma, and post-deployment PTSD symptoms. LIMITATIONS Attrition and use of self-report measures for depression and trauma. CONCLUSIONS Depression symptoms follow a heterogeneous course from before through 6.5 years after deployment with 9.4% experiencing symptom increase, resulting in severe symptoms 6.5 years after deployment. Trajectories are differentially predicted by rank, childhood and adult life trauma as well as neuroticism and PTSD symptoms, illustrating the clinical importance of taking individual differences of symptom course into account.
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Bas-Hoogendam JM, van Steenbergen H, van der Wee NJA, Westenberg PM. Amygdala hyperreactivity to faces conditioned with a social-evaluative meaning- a multiplex, multigenerational fMRI study on social anxiety endophenotypes. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102247. [PMID: 32247196 PMCID: PMC7125356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) runs in families, but the neurobiological pathways underlying the genetic susceptibility towards SAD are largely unknown. Here, we employed an endophenotype approach, and tested the hypothesis that amygdala hyperreactivity to faces conditioned with a social-evaluative meaning is a candidate SAD endophenotype. We used data from the multiplex, multigenerational Leiden Family Lab study on Social Anxiety Disorder (eight families, n = 105) and investigated amygdala activation during a social-evaluative conditioning paradigm with high ecological validity in the context of SAD. Three neutral faces were repeatedly presented in combination with socially negative, positive or neutral sentences. We focused on two endophenotype criteria: co-segregation of the candidate endophenotype with the disorder within families, and heritability. Analyses of the fMRI data were restricted to the amygdala as a region of interest, and association analyses revealed that bilateral amygdala hyperreactivity in response to the conditioned faces co-segregated with social anxiety (SA; continuous measure) within the families; we found, however, no relationship between SA and brain activation in response to more specific fMRI contrasts. Furthermore, brain activation in a small subset of voxels within these amygdala clusters was at least moderately heritable. Taken together, these findings show that amygdala engagement in response to conditioned faces with a social-evaluative meaning qualifies as a neurobiological candidate endophenotype of social anxiety. Thereby, these data shed light on the genetic vulnerability to develop SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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De Fruyt J, Sabbe B, Demyttenaere K. Anhedonia in Depressive Disorder: A Narrative Review. Psychopathology 2020; 53:274-281. [PMID: 32668436 DOI: 10.1159/000508773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of DSM-III anhedonia has become a core depressive criterion and is defined as the loss of interest or pleasure. Although the origin of the word goes back to the end of the 19th century and numerous anhedonic symptoms are described in classic texts on depression, this centrality in the diagnosis of depression is only recent. Anhedonia is best described as a symptom complex with unclear boundaries cutting across the tripartite model of the mind (affect, volition, and cognition). Popular concepts of anhedonia pertain to the pleasure cycle and positive affectivity. These concepts partially overlap and are often mixed up, but clearly stem from different theoretical backgrounds: the affective science of reward processing versus more general, dimensional modelling of affect. The former concept seems more suitable to understand anhedonic emotions, the latter more suitable to understand anhedonic mood or trait. This narrative review covers the history of "anhedonia," the different anhedonic phenomena, and psychopathological concepts. An attempt is made to go beyond a merely descriptive psychopathology. Neurobiological and psychological insights shed a light on how symptoms are made and interconnected; these insights possibly call for a new psychopathological language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen De Fruyt
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium,
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- University Department of Psychiatry, Campus Psychiatric Hospital Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.,Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group and University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Fernández-Palleiro P, Rivera-Baltanás T, Rodrigues-Amorim D, Fernández-Gil S, Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto M, Álvarez-Ariza M, López M, Rodriguez-Jamardo C, Luis Benavente J, de Las Heras E, Manuel Olivares J, Spuch C. Brainwaves Oscillations as a Potential Biomarker for Major Depression Disorder Risk. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:3-9. [PMID: 31537100 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419876807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multidimensional disorder that is characterized by the presence of alterations in mood, cognitive capacity, sensorimotor, and homeostatic functions. Given that about half of the patients diagnosed with MDD do not respond to the various current treatments, new techniques are being sought to predict not only the course of the disease but also the characteristics that differentiate responders from non-responders. Using the electroencephalogram, a noninvasive and inexpensive tool, most studies have proposed that patients with MDD have some lateralization in brain electrical activity, with alterations in alpha and theta rhythms being observed, which would be related to dysfunctions in emotional capacity such as the absence or presence of responses to the different existing treatments. These alterations help in the identification of subjects at high risk of suffering from depression, in the differentiation into responders and nonresponders to various therapies (pharmacological, electroconvulsive therapy, and so on), as well as to establish in which period of the disease the treatment will be more effective. Although the data are still inconclusive and more research is needed, these alpha and theta neurophysiological markers could support future clinical practice when it comes to establishing an early diagnosis and treating state disorders more successfully and accurately of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Gil
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | | | - María Álvarez-Ariza
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Benavente
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Elena de Las Heras
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - José Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, University of Vigo, Cibersam, Spain
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Marino C, Riva V, Mornati G, Piazza C, del Giudice R, Dionne G, Molteni M, Cantiani C. Postnatal maternal symptoms of depression and child emotion dysregulation: The mediation role of infant EEG alpha asymmetry. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Edes AE, McKie S, Szabo E, Kokonyei G, Pap D, Zsombok T, Hullam G, Gonda X, Kozak LR, McFarquhar M, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Bagdy G, Juhasz G. Spatiotemporal brain activation pattern following acute citalopram challenge is dose dependent and associated with neuroticism: A human phMRI study. Neuropharmacology 2019; 170:107807. [PMID: 31593709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the human living brain are poorly understood. We carried out a 3T resting state fMRI study with pharmacological challenge to determine the brain activation changes over time following different dosages of citalopram. METHODS During the study, 7.5 mg i.v. citalopram was administered to 32 healthy subjects. In addition, 11.25 mg citalopram was administered to a subset of 9 subjects to investigate the dose-response. Associations with neuroticism (assessed by the NEO PI-R) of the emerging brain activation to citalopram was also investigated. RESULTS Citalopram challenge evoked significant activation in brain regions that are part of the default mode network, the visual network and the sensorimotor network, extending to the thalamus, and midbrain. Most effects appeared to be dose-dependent and this was statistically significant in the middle cingulate gyrus. Individual citalopram-induced brain responses were positively correlated with neuroticism scores and its subscales in specific brain areas; anxiety subscale scores in thalamus and midbrain and self-consciousness scores in middle cingulate gyrus. There were no sex differences. LIMITATIONS We investigated only healthy subjects and we used a relatively low sample size in the 11.25 mg citalopram analysis. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that SSRIs acutely induce an increased arousal-like state of distributed cortical and subcortical systems that is mediated by enhanced serotonin neurotransmission according to levels of neuroticism and underpins trait sensitivity to environmental stimuli and stressors. Studies in depression are needed to determine how therapeutic effects eventually emerge. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Edit Edes
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shane McKie
- Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences Platform Sciences, Enabling Technologies & Infrastructure, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences Research and Innovation, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edina Szabo
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyongyi Kokonyei
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Pap
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Terezia Zsombok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Hullam
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos R Kozak
- MR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martyn McFarquhar
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J F William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Gururajan A, Reif A, Cryan JF, Slattery DA. The future of rodent models in depression research. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:686-701. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The FKBP5 protein is of importance for the function of the glucocorticoid receptor. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible association between the different genotypes of rs1360780 in the FKBP5 gene, and clinical symptoms in patients with unipolar depression. Seven hundred eighteen patients and 673 controls from the Danish Psychiatric Biobank were participated. No association was found between any genotype and diagnosis of unipolar depression. It was found that the group of depressed patients with the CC genotype showed significantly earlier start of treatment with medicine, had a significantly greater tendency to be treated with electroconvulsive therapy and showed a significantly higher frequency of family history of depression compared with the combined group of patients with the CT and TT genotypes. The only informations about controls were their sex and that they were recruited from the blood bank. The clinical data were not complete for all patients.
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Webb CA, Trivedi MH, Cohen ZD, Dillon DG, Fournier JC, Goer F, Fava M, McGrath PJ, Weissman M, Parsey R, Adams P, Trombello JM, Cooper C, Deldin P, Oquendo MA, McInnis MG, Huys Q, Bruder G, Kurian BT, Jha M, DeRubeis RJ, Pizzagalli DA. Personalized prediction of antidepressant v. placebo response: evidence from the EMBARC study. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1118-1127. [PMID: 29962359 PMCID: PMC6314923 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous condition in terms of symptom presentation and, likely, underlying pathophysiology. Accordingly, it is possible that only certain individuals with MDD are well-suited to antidepressants. A potentially fruitful approach to parsing this heterogeneity is to focus on promising endophenotypes of depression, such as neuroticism, anhedonia, and cognitive control deficits. METHODS Within an 8-week multisite trial of sertraline v. placebo for depressed adults (n = 216), we examined whether the combination of machine learning with a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) can generate individualized treatment recommendations on the basis of endophenotype profiles coupled with clinical and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Five pre-treatment variables moderated treatment response. Higher depression severity and neuroticism, older age, less impairment in cognitive control, and being employed were each associated with better outcomes to sertraline than placebo. Across 1000 iterations of a 10-fold cross-validation, the PAI model predicted that 31% of the sample would exhibit a clinically meaningful advantage [post-treatment Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) difference ⩾3] with sertraline relative to placebo. Although there were no overall outcome differences between treatment groups (d = 0.15), those identified as optimally suited to sertraline at pre-treatment had better week 8 HRSD scores if randomized to sertraline (10.7) than placebo (14.7) (d = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS A subset of MDD patients optimally suited to sertraline can be identified on the basis of pre-treatment characteristics. This model must be tested prospectively before it can be used to inform treatment selection. However, findings demonstrate the potential to improve individual outcomes through algorithm-guided treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Fava
- Harvard Medical School – Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Myrna Weissman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Phil Adams
- New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Crystal Cooper
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerard Bruder
- New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Benji T. Kurian
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Manish Jha
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Mackin DM, Kotov R, Perlman G, Nelson BD, Goldstein BL, Hajcak G, Klein DN. Reward processing and future life stress: Stress generation pathway to depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:305-314. [PMID: 31045413 PMCID: PMC6586409 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Blunted reward sensitivity and life stress are each depressogenic. Additionally, individuals with clinical and psychosocial vulnerabilities are prone to experience or evoke dependent life stressors (e.g., interpersonal conflict) that, in turn, increase depression risk. However, no previous study has investigated the role of neural vulnerability factors in generating life stress. Therefore, the current study investigated whether a neural measure of reward sensitivity prospectively predicts the generation of life stress, which in turn mediates effects of these neural processes on subsequent depression. Participants were 467 never-depressed adolescent girls. Using event-related potentials, neural sensitivity to the difference between monetary reward and loss (the Reward Positivity [RewP]) was assessed at baseline. Negative life events were assessed twice via interview over the ensuing 18 months, yielding an index of total life stress over the follow-up period. A self-report dimensional measure of depression symptoms was administered at baseline and follow-up. After accounting for baseline age, depression, and race, a blunted RewP predicted greater dependent, but not independent, life stress over the follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of the RewP on follow-up depression through dependent, but not independent, life stress. Our results suggest that neural processing reward and loss plays a crucial role in depressogenic stress generation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Daniel N. Klein
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
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Enneking V, Krüssel P, Zaremba D, Dohm K, Grotegerd D, Förster K, Meinert S, Bürger C, Dzvonyar F, Leehr EJ, Böhnlein J, Repple J, Opel N, Winter NR, Hahn T, Redlich R, Dannlowski U. Social anhedonia in major depressive disorder: a symptom-specific neuroimaging approach. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:883-889. [PMID: 30607014 PMCID: PMC6461766 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While research concerning brain structural biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD) is continuously progressing, our state of knowledge regarding biomarkers of specific clinical profiles of MDD is still limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain structural correlates of social anhedonia as a cardinal symptom of MDD. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated n = 166 patients with MDD and n = 166 matched healthy controls (HC) using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Social anhedonia was assessed using the Chapman Scales for Social Anhedonia (SAS). An anhedonia x group ANCOVA was performed in a region of interest approach of the dorsal and ventral striatum (bilateral caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens respectively) as well as on whole-brain level. The analyses revealed a significant main effect for social anhedonia: higher SAS-scores were associated with reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral caudate nucleus in both the MDD-group (pFWE = 0.002) and the HC-group (pFWE = 0.032). The whole-brain analysis confirmed this association (left: pFWE = 0.036, right: pFWE = 0.047). There was no significant main effect of group and no significant anhedonia x group interaction effect. This is the first study providing evidence for volumetric aberrations in the reward system related to social anhedonia independently of diagnosis, depression severity, medication status, and former course of disease. These results support the hypothesis that social anhedonia has a brain biomarker serving as a possible endophenotype of depression and possibly providing an alternative approach for a more precise and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Enneking
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pia Krüssel
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dario Zaremba
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fanni Dzvonyar
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils R. Winter
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- 0000 0001 2172 9288grid.5949.1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Boyle CC, Kuhlman KR, Dooley LN, Haydon MD, Robles TF, Ang YS, Pizzagalli DA, Bower JE. Inflammation and dimensions of reward processing following exposure to the influenza vaccine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:16-23. [PMID: 30496908 PMCID: PMC6420390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in reward processing are a central feature of depression and may be influenced by inflammation. Indeed, inflammation is associated with deficits in reward-related processes in animal models and with dysregulation in reward-related neural circuitry in humans. However, the downstream behavioral manifestations of such impairments are rarely examined in humans. METHODS The influenza vaccination was used to elicit a mild inflammatory response in 41 healthy young adults (age range: 18-22, 30 female). Participants provided blood samples and completed behavioral measures of three key aspects of reward-reward motivation, reward learning, and reward sensitivity-before and 1 day after receiving the influenza vaccine. RESULTS The influenza vaccine led to mild but significant increases in circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < .001). Consistent with hypotheses, increases in IL-6 predicted lower reward motivation (p = .029). However, contrary to hypotheses, increases in IL-6 predicted increased performance on a reward learning task (p = .043) and were not associated with changes in reward sensitivity (p's > .288). CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to an emerging literature on the nuanced associations between inflammation and reward and demonstrate that even mild alterations in inflammation are associated with multiple facets of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Boyle
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Corresponding Author: Chloe C. Boyle, PhD, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Medical Plaza 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
| | - Kate R. Kuhlman
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92497
| | | | - Marcie D. Haydon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Theodore F. Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuen-Siang Ang
- Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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46
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Narcissistic neuroticism and elevated reward learning. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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MacKenzie LE, Uher R, Pavlova B. Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:297-305. [PMID: 30586133 PMCID: PMC6439825 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Findings of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD), including remitted MDD, raise the question whether impaired cognition is part of preexisting vulnerability rather than a consequence of MDD or its treatment. To our knowledge, no meta-analyses have been published on cognitive impairment in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD. OBJECTIVE To compare cognitive performance between individuals with and without family history of MDD. DATA SOURCES Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase using combinations of search terms for depression, first-degree relatives, and cognition from January 1, 1980, to July 15, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Original articles that reported data on cognition in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD compared with controls with no family history of major mental illness. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Means and SDs were extracted, and standardized mean differences (SMD) between relatives and controls were calculated for each measure of cognitive performance. The relative-control differences in overall cognition and in specific cognitive domains were synthesized in random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation that allows including multiple correlated measures of cognition within each study. Heterogeneity was quantified with τ2. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger intercept. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Performance on cognitive tests. RESULTS Across 284 measures of cognition in 54 nonoverlapping samples including 3246 relatives of people with MDD (mean age 15.38 years, 57.68% females) and 5222 controls (mean age 14.70 years, 55.93% females), relatives of people with MDD performed worse than controls across all measures of cognition (SMD = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.11; P < .001). Domain-specific meta-analyses showed similar size of relative-control difference in most domains of cognition, including Full-Scale IQ (SMD = -0.19), verbal intelligence (SMD = -0.29), perceptual intelligence (SMD = -0.23), memory (SMD = -0.20), academic performance (SMD = -0.40), and language (SMD = -0.29). Study characteristics were not significantly associated with observed between-group differences. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A general impairment in cognition is a feature of familial disposition for MDD. Cognition may contribute to early identification of risk for depression and may be examined as potential target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E. MacKenzie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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48
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Benau EM, Hill KE, Atchley RA, O'Hare AJ, Gibson LJ, Hajcak G, Ilardi SS, Foti D. Increased neural sensitivity to self-relevant stimuli in major depressive disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13345. [PMID: 30793773 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current research examined how individuals with depression process emotional, self-relevant stimuli. Across two studies, individuals with depression and healthy controls read stimuli that varied in self-relevance while EEG data were recorded. We examined the late positive potential (LPP), an ERP component that captures the dynamic allocation of attention to motivationally salient stimuli. In Study 1, participants read single words in a passive-viewing task. Participants viewed negative, positive, or neutral words that were either normative or self-generated. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with depression exhibited affective modulation of the LPP for self-generated stimuli only (both positive and negative) and not for normative stimuli; healthy controls exhibited similar affective modulation of the LPP for both self-relevant and normative stimuli. In Study 2, using a separate sample and a different task, stimuli were provided within the context of sentence stems referring to the self or other people. Participants with depression were more likely to endorse negative self-referent sentences and reject positive ones compared to healthy controls. Depressed participants also exhibited an increased LPP to negative stimuli compared to positive or neutral stimuli. Together, these two studies suggest that depression is characterized by relatively increased sensitivity to affective self-relevant stimuli, perhaps in the context of a broader reduction in emotional reactivity to stimuli that are not self-relevant. Thus, depression may be characterized by a more nuanced pattern based on the degree of stimulus self-relevance than either a global decrease or increase in reactivity to affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Benau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kaylin E Hill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ruth Ann Atchley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Aminda J O'Hare
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Linzi J Gibson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Psychology, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Stephen S Ilardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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49
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Liao A, Walker R, Carmody TJ, Cooper C, Shaw MA, Grannemann BD, Adams P, Bruder GE, McInnis MG, Webb CA, Dillon DG, Pizzagalli DA, Phillips ML, Kurian BT, Fava M, Parsey RV, McGrath PJ, Weissman MM, Trivedi MH. Anxiety and anhedonia in depression: Associations with neuroticism and cognitive control. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1070-1078. [PMID: 30699849 PMCID: PMC9667857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that higher levels of anxiety and anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are linked to poorer treatment outcomes, mechanisms contributing to these clinical presentations remain unclear. Neuroticism, impaired cognitive control, and blunted reward learning may be critical processes involved in MDD and may help to explain symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia. METHODS Using baseline data from patients with early-onset MDD (N = 296) in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) trial, we conducted a path analysis to model relationships between neuroticism, cognitive control, and reward learning to levels of anxiety and anhedonia. RESULTS Neuroticism was positively associated with both anhedonia (standardized coefficient = 0.26, p < .001) and anxiety (standardized coefficient = 0.40, p < .001). Cognitive control was negatively associated with anxiety (standardized coefficient = -0.18, p < .05). Reward learning was not significantly associated with either anxiety or anhedonia. LIMITATIONS Extraneous variables not included in the model may have even more influence in explaining symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia. Restricted range in these variables may have attenuated some of the hypothesized relationships. Most important, because this was a cross-sectional analysis in a currently depressed sample, we cannot draw any causal conclusions without experimental and longitudinal data. CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional findings suggest that neuroticism may contribute to anxiety and anhedonia in patients with early onset and either chronic or recurrent MDD, while enhanced cognitive control may protect against anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Robrina Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Thomas J. Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | | | - Phil Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benji T. Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stonybrook University School of Medicine
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50
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Fanelli G, Serretti A. The influence of the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on suicidal behaviors: a meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:375-387. [PMID: 30125622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal Behavior (SB) is the second leading cause of death among youths worldwide and the tenth among all age groups. Inherited genetic differences have a role in suicidality with heritability ranging from 30 to 55%. The SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR gene variant has been largely investigated for association with SB, with controversial results. In this work, we sought to determine whether the results of previous meta-analyses were confirmed or modified subsequent to the inclusion of more recent literature data. An electronic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published until July 2018. Data were analysed through RevMan v5.3. Subgroup and sensitivity meta-analyses were performed considering different SB sub-phenotypes, ethnicity, gender and psychiatric diagnostic categories. Our literature search yielded 1186 articles; among these, we identified 45 pertinent case-control studies (15,341 subjects). No association was found between low-expressing alleles or genotypes (S + LG alleles or S' carrier genotypes) and SB in the primary analyses. However, low-expressing alleles (S + LG) were associated with an increased risk of Violent Suicide Attempt (OR = 1.44, C.I. 1.17-1.78, p = .0007). An effect of the same alleles on SB was found in a subpopulation of substance abusers, but this result was not confirmed after the exclusion of healthy subjects from the control group. The other sensitivity meta-analyses did not show any significant effect. Our findings contribute to clarify the conflicting previous evidence by suggesting an association between the 5-HTTLPR and Violent SB. Nonetheless, many other modulators, including environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms may act to further increase the level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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