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Tarka P, Chruściel A, Hreczuch W, Kanecki K, Nitsch-Osuch A. Virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and a surfactant, in presence of interfering substances, against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus in suspension-, carrier- and four-field tests. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2024; 19:Doc37. [PMID: 39224499 PMCID: PMC11367254 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate whether the virucidal effectiveness of chlorine dioxid against adenovirus and murine norovirus can be improved by combining it with carboxylic acids and surfactants. Method The virucidal efficacy against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus has been tested in presence of interfering substances in the quantitative suspension test according to EN 14476, the carrier test without mechanical action according to EN 16777, and in the four-field test according to EN 16615.Three chlorine-dioxide-based surface disinfectants were tested: a two-component cleaning disinfectant concentrate for large surfaces, a ready-to-use (RTU) foam, and an RTU gel. Results Cleaning and disinfecting preparations based on chlorine dioxide, applied at various concentrations, in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and surfactants, are virucidally active against polio-, adeno-, and norovirus after an exposure time of 5 minutes in presence of interfering substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Tarka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Caselli E. Tackling transmission of infectious diseases: A probiotic-based system as a remedy for the spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14529. [PMID: 39045894 PMCID: PMC11267305 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Built environments (BEs) currently represent the areas in which human beings spend most of their life. Consistently, microbes populating BEs mostly derive from human occupants and can be easily transferred from BE to occupants. The hospital microbiome is a paradigmatic example, representing a reservoir for harmful pathogens that can be transmitted to susceptible patients, causing the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Environmental cleaning is a crucial pillar in controlling BE pathogens and preventing related infections, and chemical disinfectants have been largely used so far towards this aim. However, despite their immediate effect, chemical-based disinfection is unable to prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact, and can select/increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in treated microbes. To overcome these limitations, probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) strategies were recently proposed, built on the use of detergents added with selected probiotics able to displace surrounding pathogens by competitive exclusion. PBS was reported as an effective and low-impact alternative to chemical disinfection, providing stable rebalance of the BE microbiome and significantly reducing pathogens and HAIs compared to disinfectants, without exacerbating AMR and pollution concerns. This minireview summarizes the most significant results obtained by applying PBS in sanitary and non-sanitary settings, which overall suggest that PBS may effectively tackle the infectious risk meanwhile preventing the further spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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Liu JW, Li YY, Wang MK, Yang JS. Combined prevention and treatment measures are essential to control nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Virol 2024; 13:91286. [PMID: 38984081 PMCID: PMC11229840 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.91286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a highly contagious positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has rapidly spread worldwide. As of December 17, 2023, 772838745 confirmed cases including 6988679 deaths have been reported globally. This virus primarily spreads through droplets, airborne transmission, and direct contact. Hospitals harbor a substantial number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and asymptomatic carriers, accompanied by high population density and a larger susceptible population. These factors serve as potential triggers for nosocomial infections, posing a threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nosocomial infections occur to varying degrees across different countries worldwide, emphasizing the urgent need for a practical approach to prevent and control the intra-hospital spread of COVID-19. This study primarily concentrated on a novel strategy combining preventive measures with treatment for combating COVID-19 nosocomial infections. It suggests preventive methods, such as vaccination, disinfection, and training of heathcare personnel to curb viral infections. Additionally, it explored therapeutic strategies targeting cellular inflammatory factors and certain new medications for COVID-19 patients. These methods hold promise in rapidly and effectively preventing and controlling nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a reliable reference for adopting preventive measures in the future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Liu
- Medical Care Center, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Medical Care Center, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Ke Wang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ji-Shun Yang
- Medical Care Center, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
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Gunasegaran J, Teh YY, Lim CK, Ng SF. Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Research Advancements on the Use of Medical Gloves Concerning Hand Dermatitis Among Health Care Workers. Saf Health Work 2024; 15:129-138. [PMID: 39035803 PMCID: PMC11255930 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant surge in glove usage, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Despite efforts to ensure the quality and safety of gloves, glove-associated skin diseases such as hand dermatitis have become ubiquitous, particularly among health care workers. This review discusses the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of hand dermatitis, as well as research efforts in medical gloves in the past decade to overcome glove-related hand dermatitis. Research papers from 2013 to 2022 were reviewed, selecting only 49 relevant papers from the Ovid, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The average prevalence of hand dermatitis among health care workers increased from 21.08% to 37.24% upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The cases are likely due to allergies to latex proteins, rubber additives, and accelerators commonly found in gloves. Using alternatives to latex gloves, such as accelerator-free and latex-free glove options, can help reduce allergy-induced hand dermatitis. Strict hand hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing and the use of sanitizers, are also contributing factors in contracting hand dermatitis. Over the past decade, glove research advancements have focused mainly on reducing or immobilizing latex proteins. These include the use of biodegradable dialdehyde, sodium alginate, arctigenin, bromelain, papain, UV-LED, prototype photoreactors, and structure-modified nanosilica with silane A174. Two effective hand dermatitis preventive measures, i.e. an additional layer of glove liners and the use of gentle alcohol-based hand sanitizer, were recommended. These advancements represent promising steps towards mitigating hand dermatitis risks associated with glove usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevasunthari Gunasegaran
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying-Ying Teh
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Keong Lim
- Smart Glove Corporation Sdn Bhd., Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Choi YH, Huh DA, Kim L, Lee SJ, Moon KW. Health risks of pest control and disinfection workers after the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:350-363. [PMID: 38105061 PMCID: PMC10183635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed. We identified these workers' chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. We used data conducted between 2018 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (post-pandemic) from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection workers. Inhalation and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment model. We found that the annual work frequency (50th percentile) of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types, from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, all chemicals' non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure routes. In the worst scenario (95th percentile), the margin of exposure for citric acid, benzethonium chloride, benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides, and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure, and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable (>100) before the COVID-19 outbreak but became unacceptable (<100) after the COVID-19 outbreak. Carcinogenic risks of dichlorvos from inhalation and dermal exposure were above acceptable levels (>10-6) before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19 outbreak (p<0.05), with the most common being muscle lethargy (31%), skin/face stinging (28.7%), and breath shortness/neck pain (24.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Institute of Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Lita Kim
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Ji Lee
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Shyam S, Misra S, Mitra S, Mitra SK. Bacteria-surface interactions: role of impacting bacteria-laden droplets. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3425-3435. [PMID: 38623617 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of pathogenic droplets with surfaces is crucial to biomedical applications. In this study, using E. coli as the model microbe, we investigate the impact of a bacteria-laden droplet on different substrates, both bare and antimicrobial. In doing so, we unveil the significance of kinetic energy and spreading parameters of the impacting droplet in determining the microbes' proliferation capabilities. Our results indicate an inverse relationship between the impact Weber number and the bacterial ability to proliferate. We reveal that the mechanical stress generated during impact impedes the capabilities of microbes present inside the droplet to create their progeny. Following an order analysis of the mechanical stress generated, we argue that the impact does not induce lysis-driven cell death of the bacteria; rather, it promotes a stress-driven transition of viable bacteria to a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state. Furthermore, variations in the concentration of particles on the antimicrobial surfaces revealed the role of the post-impact spreading behaviour in dictating bacterial proliferation capabilities. Contrary to the conventional notion, we demonstrate that during the early stages of interaction, a bare substrate may outperform an antibacterial substrate in the inactivation of the bacterial load. Finally, we present an interaction map illustrating the complex relationship between bacterial colony-forming units, bactericide concentration on the surface, and the impact Weber number. We believe that the inferences of the study, highlighting the effect of mechanical stresses on the soft cell wall of microbes, could be a useful design consideration for the development of antimicrobial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Shyam
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sirshendu Misra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Surjyasish Mitra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sushanta K Mitra
- Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Pal D, Banerjee D, Sarkar U. Adsorption of an antiseptic in a functionalized fixed-bed: Analysis of breakthrough scenarios and validation of simplistic models defending a novel proposition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120649. [PMID: 38552515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and cetrimide, which are widely used in various pharmaceutical compositions, are considered potentially hazardous compounds. This combination was largely used during and after Covid 19 pandemic for sanitization. Removal of these two compounds from pharmaceutical waste-water with commercial and functionalized activated carbon in a packed bed column is reported. METHODS Effects of changes in bed height, flow rate, and initial concentration on the performance of the packed bed are analyzed using Yoon-Nelson, BDST and Thomas models for commercial scale-up operation. The effects of primary design parameters like bed depth and operating parameters like inflow rate and inlet concentration of influent wastewater are studied on the extent of removal of cetrimide and chlorhexidine gluconate. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is functionalized using HF and NH4OH. The extent of enhanced adsorption using the functionalized GAC is demonstrated using breakthrough curves. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS K. H. Chu's iconic proposition is validated. Breakthrough time (BT) increases with bed heights and it is less in the case of cetrimide as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. This shows that cetrimide wins in the competition and occupies the pores much faster than CHG. Mostly, BT-CHG (GAC) < BT-CHG (FAC-HF) < BT-CHG (FAC-NH3) and BT-cetrimide (GAC) < BT-cetrimide (FAC-NH3) < BT-cetrimide (FAC-HF) for a particular bed height. BT-CHG(FAC-HF)BT-cetrimide(FAC-HF)
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamita Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasree Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjaini Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Wanguyun AP, Oishi W, Sano D. Sensitivity Evaluation of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viruses to Ethanol Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:1-13. [PMID: 38049702 PMCID: PMC10963467 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are a severe public health issue worldwide. During the coronavirus pandemic, the use of alcohol-based sanitizers was recommended by WHO. Enveloped viruses are sensitive to ethanol, whereas non-enveloped viruses are considerably less sensitive. However, no quantitative analysis has been conducted to determine virus ethanol sensitivity and the important variables influencing the inactivation of viruses to ethanol. This study aimed to determine viruses' sensitivity to ethanol and the most important variables influencing the inactivation of viruses exposed to ethanol based on machine learning. We examined 37 peer-reviewed articles through a systematic search. Quantitative analysis was employed using a decision tree and random forest algorithms. Based on the decision tree, enveloped viruses required around ≥ 35% ethanol with an average contact time of at least 1 min, which reduced the average viral load by 4 log10. In non-enveloped viruses with and without organic matter, ≥ 77.50% and ≥ 65% ethanol with an extended contact time of ≥ 2 min were required for a 4 log10 viral reduction, respectively. Important variables were assessed using a random forest based on the percentage increases in mean square error (%IncMSE) and node purity (%IncNodePurity). Ethanol concentration was a more important variable with a higher %IncMSE and %IncNodePurity than contact time for the inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses with the available organic matter. Because specific guidelines for virus inactivation by ethanol are lacking, data analysis using machine learning is essential to gain insight from certain datasets. We provide new knowledge for determining guideline values related to the selection of ethanol concentration and contact time that effectively inactivate viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aken Puti Wanguyun
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakana Oishi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Styles CT, Zhou J, Flight KE, Brown JC, Lewis C, Wang X, Vanden Oever M, Peacock TP, Wang Z, Millns R, O'Neill JS, Borodavka A, Grove J, Barclay WS, Tregoning JS, Edgar RS. Propylene glycol inactivates respiratory viruses and prevents airborne transmission. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17932. [PMID: 37970627 PMCID: PMC10701621 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are vulnerable as they transmit between hosts, and we aimed to exploit this critical window. We found that the ubiquitous, safe, inexpensive and biodegradable small molecule propylene glycol (PG) has robust virucidal activity. Propylene glycol rapidly inactivates a broad range of viruses including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 and rotavirus and reduces disease burden in mice when administered intranasally at concentrations commonly found in nasal sprays. Most critically, vaporised PG efficiently abolishes influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity within airborne droplets, potently preventing infection at levels well below those tolerated by mammals. We present PG vapour as a first-in-class non-toxic airborne virucide that can prevent transmission of existing and emergent viral pathogens, with clear and immediate implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katie E Flight
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
University College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Charlotte Lewis
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Michael Vanden Oever
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Life Edit TherapeuticsMorrisvilleNCUSA
| | | | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rosie Millns
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Joe Grove
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Rachel S Edgar
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Hwang SH, Won JU, Park WM. Changes in total volatile organic compound concentration in Seoul subway stations before (2019) and after (2021) the COVID-19 outbreak. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20328. [PMID: 37990122 PMCID: PMC10663549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major air pollutants often designated as specific hazardous or toxic. This study analyzed the trends in concentration changes and influencing factors of VOCs in underground subway stations in the Seoul Metro before (2019) and after (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 506 samples were collected from 253 stations on lines 1-8 between May 2019 and September 2021. Total VOC concentrations in Seoul Metro increased after the COVID-19 pandemic 3.8 times over. The deeper the underground station platform, the greater the difference in the VOC concentrations between 2019 and 2021, which was positively related. Average VOC concentration was the highest (52.8 µg/m3) at a depth of 25-30 m and the lowest (23.9 µg/m3) at a depth of < 10 m in 2019. In conclusion, excessive disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased VOC concentrations in the Seoul Metro, especially in the deeper underground stations. Less frequent quarantine disinfection is recommended to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Hwang
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Institute for Occupational Health, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wha Me Park
- Institute for Occupational Health, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bearth A, Köppel G, Schöni N, Ropelato S, Siegrist M. Protecting the children -a virtual reality experiment on consumers' risk perceptions of household chemicals. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 113:104095. [PMID: 37478694 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Warnings on the labels of hazardous household chemicals (e.g. warning pictograms and use instructions) should create risk awareness and thus encourage safe storage, handling and disposal. However, scientific findings have called into question the effectiveness of warnings to prevent accidents, albeit mostly based on consumers' self-reports. This study aimed to contribute to existing data on household chemicals and consumer safety by applying a novel observational method using virtual reality (VR). The study participants (N = 119) were observed after receiving a task to childproof a virtual apartment from various interactable neutral and hazardous objects (i.e. knives, lighters and household chemicals with and without warnings) that were placed in the virtual apartment. For the analysis, the object placement (i.e. accessible or inaccessible to the children) and the level of interaction with the objects were coded, and the observational data were supplemented with data gathered through a questionnaire. The results showed that most hazardous household chemicals were moved to spots that were inaccessible to the children without any interactions of the participants with the warnings. Instead, they used their pre-existing knowledge and intuitive strategies to judge the objects' risks. These potentially misleading intuitive strategies should be increasingly considered in the regulation of hazardous household chemicals. This study also discussed the use and limitations of VR for the observation of human behaviour and decision making under uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bearth
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland.
| | - Gioia Köppel
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schöni
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
| | - Sandro Ropelato
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
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Zhang J, Xu Z, Chu W, Ju F, Jin W, Li P, Xiao R. Residual chlorine persistently changes antibiotic resistance gene composition and increases the risk of antibiotic resistance in sewer systems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120635. [PMID: 37738943 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, excessive amounts of disinfectants and their transformation products entered sewer systems worldwide, which was an extremely rare occurrence before. The stress of residual chlorine and disinfection by-products is not only likely to promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but also leads to the enrichment of chlorine-resistant bacteria that may also be resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, the potential impact of such discharge on ARG composition should be studied and the health risks should be assessed. Thus, this study combined high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analysis with long-term batch tests that involved two stages of stress and recovery to comprehensively evaluate the impact of residual chlorine on the microbial community and ARG compositions in sewer systems. The tests demonstrated that the disturbance of the microbial community structure by residual chlorine was reversible, but the change in ARG composition was persistent. This study found that vertical propagation and horizontal gene transfer jointly drove ARG composition succession in the biofilm, while the driving force was mainly horizontal gene transfer in the sediment. In this process, the biocide resistance gene (BRG) subtype chtR played an important role in promoting co-selection with ARGs through plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements. Moreover, it was further shown that the addition of sodium hypochlorite increased the risk of ARGs to human health, even after discontinuation of dosing, signifying that the impact was persistent. In general, this study strengthens the co-selection theory of ARGs and BRGs, and calls for improved disinfection strategies and more environmentally friendly disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hosseini A, Rashid M, Leite G, Barlow GM, Parodi G, Sanchez M, Ayyad S, Pimentel ML, Morales W, Weitsman S, Pimentel M, Mathur R. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Lifestyle Changes May Have Influenced Small Bowel Microbial Composition and Microbial Resistance. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3902-3912. [PMID: 37578565 PMCID: PMC10516792 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic necessitated many severe lifestyle changes, including lockdowns, social distancing, altered food consumption and exercise patterns, and extensive hygiene practices. These extensive changes may have affected the human gut microbiome, which is highly influenced by lifestyle. AIMS To examine the potential effects of pandemic-related lifestyle changes on the metabolically relevant small bowel microbiome. METHODS Adult subjects presenting for upper endoscopy without colonoscopy were identified and divided into two matched groups: pre-pandemic (February 2019-March 2020) and intra-pandemic (April 2021-September 2021, all COVID-19 negative). Duodenal aspirates and blood samples were collected. Duodenal microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum cytokine levels were analyzed by Luminex FlexMap3D. RESULTS Fifty-six pre-pandemic and 38 COVID-negative intra-pandemic subjects were included. There were no significant changes in duodenal microbial alpha diversity in the intra-pandemic vs. pre-pandemic group, but beta diversity was significantly different. The relative abundance (RA) of phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and family Thermaceae, which are resistant extremophiles, was significantly higher in the intra-pandemic vs. pre-pandemic group. The RA of several Gram-negative taxa including Bacteroidaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes) and the Proteobacteria families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, and the RA of potential disruptor genera Escherichia-Shigella and Rothia, were significantly lower in the intra-pandemic vs. pre-pandemic group. Circulating levels of interleukin-18 were also lower in the intra-pandemic group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the small bowel microbiome underwent significant changes during the pandemic, in COVID-19-negative individuals. Given the key roles of the small bowel microbiota in host physiology, this may have implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseini
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Rashid
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian M Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Parodi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maritza Sanchez
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Ayyad
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maya L Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walter Morales
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Weitsman
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Mahmudiono T, Ramaiah P, Maleki H, Doewes RI, Shalaby MN, Alsaikhan F, Mohammadi MJ. Evaluation of the impact of different disinfectants on new coronavirus and human health. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:451-460. [PMID: 35508445 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new health threat was appeared in 2019 known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The new coronavirus distributed all over the world and caused millions of deaths. One way to incomplete the process of COVID-19 transfer from one person to another is using disinfectants. A narrative review study was done on manuscript published documents about the stability of the virus, different types of disinfectants and the effects of disinfectants on SARS-CoV2 and environment from 2005 to 2022 based on Searched databases included Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct (Scopus). All relevant studies published 2005 until 2022 gathered. According to the databases, 670 articles were retrieved. Thirty studies were screened after review and 30 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 14 articles were selected in this study. New coronavirus could survive until 9 days in room temperature; the surviving time decreases if temperature increases. The virus can survive in various plastic, glass, and metal surfaces for hours to days. Disinfectants, such as alcohol, isopropanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and ethanol, can kill 70-90% viruses in up to 30 s but should be noted that these disinfectants are recognized by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as a potential carcinogen. According to the different reports, increased duration and level of disinfectant exposure can have negative impacts on human and animal health including upper and lower respiratory tract irritation, inflammation, edema, ulceration, and allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Heydar Maleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Samenjo KT, Ramanathan A, Gwer SO, Bailey RC, Otieno FO, Koksal E, Sprecher B, Price RA, Bakker C, Diehl JC. Design of a syringe extension device (Chloe SED®) for low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa: a circular economy approach. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1183179. [PMID: 37727273 PMCID: PMC10505716 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1183179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Underfunded healthcare infrastructures in low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa have resulted in a lack of medical devices crucial to provide healthcare for all. A representative example of this scenario is medical devices to administer paracervical blocks during gynaecological procedures. Devices needed for this procedure are usually unavailable or expensive. Without these devices, providing paracervical blocks for women in need is impossible resulting in compromising the quality of care for women requiring gynaecological procedures such as loop electrosurgical excision, treatment of miscarriage, or incomplete abortion. In that perspective, interventions that can be integrated into the healthcare system in low-resource settings to provide women needing paracervical blocks remain urgent. Based on a context-specific approach while leveraging circular economy design principles, this research catalogues the development of a new medical device called Chloe SED® that can be used to support the provision of paracervical blocks. Chloe SED®, priced at US$ 1.5 per device when produced in polypropylene, US$ 10 in polyetheretherketone, and US$ 15 in aluminium, is attached to any 10-cc syringe in low-resource settings to provide paracervical blocks. The device is designed for durability, repairability, maintainability, upgradeability, and recyclability to address environmental sustainability issues in the healthcare domain. Achieving the design of Chloe SED® from a context-specific and circular economy approach revealed correlations between the material choice to manufacture the device, the device's initial cost, product durability and reuse cycle, reprocessing method and cost, and environmental impact. These correlations can be seen as interconnected conflicting or divergent trade-offs that need to be continually assessed to deliver a medical device that provides healthcare for all with limited environmental impact. The study findings are intended to be seen as efforts to make available medical devices to support women's access to reproductive health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Tondo Samenjo
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Aparna Ramanathan
- Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephen Otieno Gwer
- Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Robert C. Bailey
- Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Benjamin Sprecher
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Anne Price
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Conny Bakker
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jan Carel Diehl
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Ismail H, Phan YH, Chandriah K, Arman MR, Mokhtar NN, Hamdan SA, Yew SQ. Insights into frontline healthcare workers' mental health amidst COVID-19 - Sources of workplace worries and coping strategies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20258. [PMID: 37809997 PMCID: PMC10560014 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was aimed to measure the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress as well as to evaluate the associations of these mental disorders with sociodemographic factors, workplace worries, and coping strategies among frontline HCWs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sociodemographic data questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21, sources of workplace worries questionnaire, and Brief-COPE inventory were randomly distributed to frontline HCWs who worked at the medical, emergency, and anaesthesiology departments. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multivariable linear regression analysis. Results A total of 137 frontline HCWs responded to the questionnaires. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 69.3%, 77.4%, and 57.7%, respectively. None of the sociodemographic characteristics was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression was associated to all sources of workplace worries, except "fear of getting infected" (p = 0.089), while anxiety and stress were associated with all sources of workplace worries. Humour (β = 0.821), self-blame (β = 0.686), denial (β = 0.676), substance use (β = 0.835), and behavioural disengagement (β = 0.583) were positively correlated to depression. However, active coping (β = -0.648) and acceptance (β = -0.602) were negatively correlated to depression. On the other hand, active coping (β = 0.913), planning (β = 0.879), acceptance (β = 0.831), religion (β = 0.704), and self-distraction (β = 0.929) were positively correlated to stress. Only substance use (β = -0.417) was negatively correlated to stress. All coping strategies did not correlate to anxiety. Conclusion The high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress is attributed by the various sources of workplace worries and the inappropriate coping strategies among the frontline HCWs. Measures that minimise workplace worries and inappropriate coping strategies must be implemented promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Hong Phan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kausalyaa Chandriah
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzwan Arman
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Nabihah Mokhtar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hamdan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheng Qian Yew
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wei S, Hu X, Hu X, Wan Y, Fan G, Wang J. In vitro evaluation for estrogenic mechanisms of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride as an emerging contaminant. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12784. [PMID: 37493774 PMCID: PMC10361637 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the possible mechanisms underlying the estrogenic potential of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as a disinfectant emerging contaminant. Effects of BAC at the environmentally-relevant concentrations on estrogen synthesis and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling were assessed using the H295R steroidogenesis assay and the MCF-7 proliferation assay, respectively. Results showed that exposure to BAC at concentrations of 1.0-1.5 mg/L for 48 h significantly increased estradiol production of H295R cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcription of steroidogenic genes 3β-HSD2, 17β-HSD1, 17β-HSD4, and CYP19A were significantly enhanced by BAC. In ER-positive MCF-7 cells, exposure to 0.5-1.5 mg/L BAC for 48 h significantly promoted cell proliferation and increased the expressions of ERα and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 0.5-1.5 mg/L BAC significantly decreased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, increased the percentage in S phase, and BAC at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L increased the G2/M phase cells. Findings of the study suggested that BAC at environmentally-relevant concentrations might act as a xenoestrogen through its inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis and ER-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianmin Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Wan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangquan Fan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Selam MN, Tegegne AM, Ababu A, Matsabisa M, Birhanu G. Surface Disinfection Practice in Public Hospitals in the Era of COVID-19: Assessment of Disinfectant Solution Preparation and Use in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3213-3224. [PMID: 37249961 PMCID: PMC10224688 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s411835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surface disinfection of healthcare facilities with appropriate disinfectants is among the infection control strategies against the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As sodium hypochlorite solution (SHS) is a commonly used surface disinfectant, its preparation and proper use should be given a due attention. The current study aimed at assessing the practice of Addis Ababa public hospitals in the preparation and use of SHS. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was employed to assess the adequacy of disinfectant solution preparation and use. Checklists were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses, and categorical variables were described by frequencies and percentages. Results Out of the twelve public hospitals included in the study; only three hospitals checked the potency of the working SHS. Majority of the hospitals (8 hospitals) stored the concentrated SHS products in cool, dry, and direct sunlight protected places. It was only in one hospital where appropriate personal protective equipment was used during the preparation and quality control activities. Surfaces were not cleaned in all hospitals before disinfection; and the rooms were ventilated only in 2 hospitals during the application of the disinfectant solution. Conclusion The study revealed that the preparations of SHS in the public hospitals did not comply with most of the requirements of good compounding practice. Moreover, standard practices were not maintained in majority hospitals during the use of SHS for surface disinfection. As a control strategy in the spread of COVID-19 and other infections, appropriate corrective actions shall be implemented in the studied hospitals to mitigate the limitations observed in the preparation and use of SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Nigatu Selam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aychew Mekuriaw Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Ababu
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Lead Executive Office, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Motlalepula Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Gebremariam Birhanu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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19
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Hashemi F, Hoepner L, Hamidinejad FS, Haluza D, Afrashteh S, Abbasi A, Omeragić E, Imamović B, Rasheed NA, Taher TMJ, Kurniasari F, Wazqar DY, Apalı ÖC, Yildirim AD, Zhao B, Kalikyan Z, Guo C, Valbuena AC, Mititelu M, Pando CM, Saridi M, Toska A, Cuba ML, Kwadzokpui PK, Tadele N, Nasibova T, Harsch S, Munkh-Erdene L, Menawi W, Evangelou E, Dimova A, Marinov D, Dimitrova T, Shalimova A, Fouly H, Suraya A, da Silva Faquim JP, Oumayma B, Annunziato MA, Lalo R, Papastavrou E, Ade AD, Caminada S, Stojkov S, Narvaez CG, Mudau LS, Rassas I, Michel D, Kaynar NS, Iqbal S, Elshwekh H, Hossain I, Al-Fayyadh S, Sydorchuk A, Alnusairat DMH, Abdullahi AM, Iqbal N, Pandey A, Gómez-Gómez B, Akyildiz AG, Morosan E, Dwarica D, Dorj G, Hasan SY, Al-Shdayfat NM, Knezevic B, Valladares W, Severi C, Fuentes SC, Augusto S, Sidorova E, Moelyaningrum AD, Alawad T, Khalid A, Elehamer NMK, Mihaylova A, Tsigengagel O, Menouni A, Wojtecka A, Hod R, Idayat YB, Othman K, Harfouch RM, Paunov T, Omar M, Benderli NC, Nurika G, Amjad S, Elnoamany S, Elesrigy F, Shaban MM, Acevedo-López D, Kartashova M, Khalaf A, Jaafar SA, Kadhim TA, Hweissa NA, Teng Y, Mohammed FE, Sasikumar T, Hikaambo CN, Kharat A, Lyamtseva U, Aldeeb MA, Pawlas N, Khorolsuren L, Koonjul RP, Maïnassara HB, Chahal P, Wangeci RW, Kumar AB, Zamora-Corrales I, Gracy S, Mahamat M, Adamczyk J, Rahman HA, Matiashova L, Elsherif OE, Alkhateeb NE, Aleaga Y, Bahrami S, Al-Salihy SR, Cabrera-Galeana P, Lalic-Popovic M, Brown-Myrie E, Bhandari D, Mayaboti CA, Stanišić S, Pestic SK, Bektay MY, Al Sabbah H, Hashemi S, Assia B, Merritt AS, Ramzi Z, Baboolal H, Isstaif J, Shami R, Saad R, Nyirongo T, Hoseini M. A comprehensive health effects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27197-6. [PMID: 37166731 PMCID: PMC10173232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87-2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74-1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90-2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallah Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Farahnaz Soleimani Hamidinejad
- Department of Medicine, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Haluza
- Center for Public Health, Department for Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elma Omeragić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Belma Imamović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Narin A Rasheed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology Shekhan, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Taqi M J Taher
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Fitri Kurniasari
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dhuha Youssef Wazqar
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-Gicl, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
| | - Zaruhi Kalikyan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Maria Saridi
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Toska
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Magalys Lopez Cuba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Niguse Tadele
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tohfa Nasibova
- General and Toxicological Chemistry Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Stefanie Harsch
- Institute of Sociology, University of Education Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luvsan Munkh-Erdene
- Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Wafaa Menawi
- Public Health Management Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah University, Nablus, State of Palestine
| | - Efi Evangelou
- Nursing Department Limassol, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Antoniya Dimova
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Street, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Marinov
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Dimitrova
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Shalimova
- Internal Medicine N1, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Howieda Fouly
- Reproductive Health Nursing (Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing), Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Anna Suraya
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Occupational Safety and Health Department, Binawan University, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Bouadil Oumayma
- National School of Applied Sciences of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | | | - Rezarta Lalo
- Department of Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, The University of Vlore "Ismail Qemali", Vlore, Albania
| | | | - Anju D Ade
- Department of Community Medicine, SVIMS, Sri Padamavathi Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Susanna Caminada
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetlana Stojkov
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Lutendo Sylvia Mudau
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ines Rassas
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Daphnee Michel
- West Department, Quisqueya University, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Nur Sema Kaynar
- Public Health Nursing Department, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehar Iqbal
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Al Ain University, Abu Dahbi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halla Elshwekh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Irin Hossain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH), NIPSOM, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadeq Al-Fayyadh
- Adult Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aniuta Sydorchuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Dua'a M H Alnusairat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Neelam Iqbal
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon, UK
| | - Apsara Pandey
- Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brenda Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Médico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elena Morosan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniella Dwarica
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gantuya Dorj
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Sumaya Yusuf Hasan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Noha M Al-Shdayfat
- Community and Mental Health Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | | | - Wendy Valladares
- Microbiology Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Cecilia Severi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Sofia Augusto
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
- Public Health Faculty, Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Savety Departement, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Tafaul Alawad
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Atiqa Khalid
- Sahiwal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Anna Mihaylova
- Medical College, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Oxana Tsigengagel
- Department of Public Health, NCJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Aziza Menouni
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Wojtecka
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Banke Idayat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Khadija Othman
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Rim M Harfouch
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Al Sham Private University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Tsonco Paunov
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Meruyert Omar
- Department of Population Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan's Medical University School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nana Christine Benderli
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Animals Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Globila Nurika
- Public Health Faculty, Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Savety Departement, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Sana Amjad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Salma Elnoamany
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fatma Elesrigy
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mamdouh Shaban
- Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo-University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doménica Acevedo-López
- Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Maria Kartashova
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Atika Khalaf
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Taisir A Kadhim
- College of Nursing, University of Al-Muthanna, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Nada Ab Hweissa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Technology, Zawia University, Zawia, Libya
| | - Yulong Teng
- Department of Korean Language and Literature, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Aditi Kharat
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ulyana Lyamtseva
- Department of Medicine of the Future, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Arfan Aldeeb
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lkhagvasuren Khorolsuren
- Institute of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | - Rose W Wangeci
- Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ainur B Kumar
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Stella Gracy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Asmara, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Maimouna Mahamat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jakub Adamczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University of Humanities and Life Sciences, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Haliza Abdul Rahman
- Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lolita Matiashova
- T Malaya Therapy National Institute, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nazdar E Alkhateeb
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yamilé Aleaga
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mladena Lalic-Popovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Brown-Myrie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | | | - Sanda Kreitmayer Pestic
- Family Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhammed Yunus Bektay
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saber Hashemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bouchetara Assia
- Peadiatric's Infectious diseases, Hospital of Canastel and Faculty of Medicine, Oran, Algeria
| | - Anne-Sophie Merritt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhian Ramzi
- College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Himawatee Baboolal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Juman Isstaif
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rula Shami
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rahma Saad
- Department of Public Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Kuye-Zahra Ave, Shiraz, 1417653861, Iran.
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20
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Yen YC, Ku CH, Hsiao TC, Chi KH, Peng CY, Chen YC. Impacts of COVID-19's restriction measures on personal exposure to VOCs and aldehydes in Taipei City. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163275. [PMID: 37028680 PMCID: PMC10074730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided an unprecedented natural experiment, that allowed us to investigate the impacts of different restrictive measures on personal exposure to specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes and resulting health risks in the city. Ambient concentrations of the criteria air pollutants were also evaluated. Passive sampling for VOCs and aldehydes was conducted for graduate students and ambient air in Taipei, Taiwan, during the Level 3 warning (strict control measures) and Level 2 alert (loosened control measures) of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021-2022. Information on the daily activities of participants and on-road vehicle counts nearby the stationary sampling site during the sampling campaigns were recorded. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with adjusted meteorological and seasonal variables were used to estimate the effects of control measures on average personal exposures to the selected air pollutants. Our results showed that ambient CO and NO2 concentrations in relation to on-road transportation emissions were significantly reduced, which led to an increase in ambient O3 concentrations. Exposure to specific VOCs (benzene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), xylene, ethylbenzene, and 1,3-butadiene) associated with automobile emissions were remarkably decreased by ~40-80 % during the Level 3 warning, resulting in 42 % and 50 % reductions of total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard index (HI), respectively, compared with the Level 2 alert. In contrast, the exposure concentration and calculated health risks in the selected population for formaldehyde increased by ~25 % on average during the Level 3 warning. Our study improves knowledge of the influence of a series of anti-COVID-19 measures on personal exposure to specific VOCs and aldehydes and its mitigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Yen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Ku
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Peng
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Arnoldo L, Volta A, Bisi M, Antonioli P, Laurenti P, Ricciardi W, Vincenti S, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Potential Use of a Combined Bacteriophage–Probiotic Sanitation System to Control Microbial Contamination and AMR in Healthcare Settings: A Pre-Post Intervention Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076535. [PMID: 37047510 PMCID: PMC10095405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination in the hospital environment is a major concern for public health, since it significantly contributes to the onset of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are further complicated by the alarming level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of HAI-associated pathogens. Chemical disinfection to control bioburden has a temporary effect and can favor the selection of resistant pathogens, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, probiotic-based sanitation (probiotic cleaning hygiene system, PCHS) was reported to stably abate pathogens, AMR, and HAIs. PCHS action is not rapid nor specific, being based on competitive exclusion, but the addition of lytic bacteriophages that quickly and specifically kill selected bacteria was shown to improve PCHS effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of such combined probiotic–phage sanitation (PCHSφ) in two Italian hospitals, targeting staphylococcal contamination. The results showed that PCHSφ could provide a significantly higher removal of staphylococci, including resistant strains, compared with disinfectants (−76%, p < 0.05) and PCHS alone (−50%, p < 0.05). Extraordinary sporadic chlorine disinfection appeared compatible with PCHSφ, while frequent routine chlorine usage inactivated the probiotic/phage components, preventing PCHSφ action. The collected data highlight the potential of a biological sanitation for better control of the infectious risk in healthcare facilities, without worsening pollution and AMR concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Antonioli
- Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Laurenti
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Vincenti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Cason C, Comar M, Volta A, Bisi M, Fumagalli D, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Shaping the subway microbiome through probiotic-based sanitation during the COVID-19 emergency: a pre-post case-control study. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 36991513 PMCID: PMC10060134 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the extent to which the public transportation environment, such as in subways, may be important for the transmission of potential pathogenic microbes among humans, with the possibility of rapidly impacting large numbers of people. For these reasons, sanitation procedures, including massive use of chemical disinfection, were mandatorily introduced during the emergency and remain in place. However, most chemical disinfectants have temporary action and a high environmental impact, potentially enhancing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of the treated microbes. By contrast, a biological and eco-sustainable probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) procedure was recently shown to stably shape the microbiome of treated environments, providing effective and long-term control of pathogens and AMR spread in addition to activity against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Our study aims to assess the applicability and impact of PBS compared with chemical disinfectants based on their effects on the surface microbiome of a subway environment. RESULTS The train microbiome was characterized by both culture-based and culture-independent molecular methods, including 16S rRNA NGS and real-time qPCR microarray, for profiling the train bacteriome and its resistome and to identify and quantify specific human pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 presence was also assessed in parallel using digital droplet PCR. The results showed a clear and significant decrease in bacterial and fungal pathogens (p < 0.001) as well as of SARS-CoV-2 presence (p < 0.01), in the PBS-treated train compared with the chemically disinfected control train. In addition, NGS profiling evidenced diverse clusters in the population of air vs. surface while demonstrating the specific action of PBS against pathogens rather than the entire train bacteriome. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here provide the first direct assessment of the impact of different sanitation procedures on the subway microbiome, allowing a better understanding of its composition and dynamics and showing that a biological sanitation approach may be highly effective in counteracting pathogens and AMR spread in our increasingly urbanized and interconnected environment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carolina Cason
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Fumagalli
- Facility Management Unit, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi S.P.A, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy.
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23
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Kambouris ME. Global Catastrophic Biological Risks in the Post-COVID-19 World: Time to Act Is Now. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:153-170. [PMID: 36946656 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Global Catastrophic Biological Risks (GCBRs) refer to events with biological agents that can result in unprecedented or catastrophic disasters that are beyond the collective response-abilities of nation-states and the existing governance instruments of global governance and international affairs. This article offers a narrative review, with a view to new hypothesis development to rethink GCBRs after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to better prepare for future pandemics and ecological crises, if not to completely prevent them. To determine GCBRs' spatiotemporal contexts, define causality, impacts, differentiate the risk and the event, would improve theorization of GCBRs compared to the impact-centric current definition. This could in turn lead to improvements in preparedness, response, allocation of resources, and possibly deterrence, while actively discouraging lack of due biosecurity diligence. Critical governance of GCBRs in ways that unpack the political power-related dimensions could be particularly valuable because the future global catastrophic events might be different in quality, scale, and actors. Theorization of GCBRs remains an important task going forward in the 21st century in ways that draw from experiences in the field, while integrating flexibility, versatility, and critically informed responses to GCBRs.
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24
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Khatun S, Putta CL, Hak A, Rengan AK. Immunomodulatory nanosystems: An emerging strategy to combat viral infections. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2023; 9:100073. [PMID: 36967725 PMCID: PMC10036237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral infection spreads with the assistance of a host. Traditional antiviral therapies cannot provide long-term immunity against emerging and drug-resistant viral infections. Immunotherapy has evolved as an efficient approach for disease prevention and treatment, which include cancer, infections, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can dramatically enhance therapeutic outcomes by combating many therapeutic challenges, such as poor immune stimulation and off-target adverse effects. Recently, immunomodulatory nanosystems have emerged as a potent antiviral strategy to intercept viral infections effectively. This review introduces major viral infections with their primary symptoms, route of transmission & targeted organ, and different stages of the viral life cycle with respective traditional blockers. The IMNs have an exceptional capacity for precisely modulating the immune system for therapeutic applications. The nano sized immunomodulatory systems permit the immune cells to interact with infectious agents enhancing lymphatic drainage and endocytosis by the over-reactive immune cells in the infected areas. Immune cells that can be modulated upon viral infection via various immunomodulatory nanosystems have been discussed. Advancement in theranostics can yield an accurate diagnosis, adequate treatment, and real-time screening of viral infections. Nanosystem-based drug delivery can continue to thrive in diagnosing, treating, and preventing viral infections. The curative medicine for remerging and drug-resistant viruses remains challenging, though certain systems have expanded our perception and initiated a new research domain in antiviral treatments.
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25
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Chen W, Yang H, Peng C, Wu T. Resolving the "health vs environment" dilemma with sustainable disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24737-24741. [PMID: 36622607 PMCID: PMC9838326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to an emerging "health versus environment" dilemma that humans have to face. Irresponsible and unnecessary disinfection should be avoided, while comprehensive evaluation of the health and environmental impacts of different disinfectants is urgently needed. From this discussion, we reach a tentative conclusion that hydrogen peroxide is a green disinfectant. Its on-demand production enables a circular economy model to solve the storage issues. Water, oxygen, and electrons are the only feedstock to generate H2O2. Upon completion of disinfection, H2O2 is rapidly converted back into water and oxygen. This model adopts several principles of green chemistry to ensure overall sustainability along the three stages of its whole life cycle, i.e., production, disinfection, and decomposition. Physical methods, particularly UV irradiation, also provide sustainable disinfection with minimal health and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hangqi Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuang Peng
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
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Kumar A, Raj A, Gupta A, Gautam S, Kumar M, Bherwani H, Anshul A. Pollution free UV-C radiation to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2023; 114:78-86. [PMID: 35936028 PMCID: PMC9345658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus has brought various types of disinfection techniques, for instance, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave generating steam, UV radiation, and dry heating, etc. to prevent the further transmission of the virus. The chemical-based techniques are predominantly used for sanitization of hands, buildings, hospitals, etc. However, these chemicals may affect the health of humans and the environment in unexplored aspects. Furthermore, the UV lamp-based radiation sanitization technique had been applied but has not gained larger acceptability owing to its limitation to penetrate different materials. Therefore, the optical properties of materials are especially important for the utilization of UV light on such disinfection applications. The germicidal or microorganism inactivation application of UV-C has only been in-use in a closed chamber, due to its harmful effect on human skin and the eye. However, it is essential to optimize UV for its use in an open environment for a larger benefit to mitigate the virus spread. In view of this, far UV-C (222 nm) based technology has emerged as a potential option for the sanitization in open areas and degradation of microorganisms present in aerosol during the working conditions. Hence, in the present review article, efforts have been made to evaluate the technical aspects of UV (under the different spectrum and wavelength ranges) and the control of COVID 19 virus spread in the atmosphere including the possibilities of the human body sanitization in working condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Abhishek Raj
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-NEERI, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi 110028, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Hashemi H, Ghareghani S, Nasimi N, Shahbazi M. A review of poisonings originating from self-administration of common preventative substances during COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 63:147-148. [PMID: 36175265 PMCID: PMC9477789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghareghani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Nasimi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahbazi
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health Initiative, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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Alonso VPP, Gonçalves MPMBB, de Brito FAE, Barboza GR, Rocha LDO, Silva NCC. Dry surface biofilms in the food processing industry: An overview on surface characteristics, adhesion and biofilm formation, detection of biofilms, and dry sanitization methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:688-713. [PMID: 36464983 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation in low moisture food processing (LMF) plants is related to matters of food safety, production efficiency, economic loss, and reduced consumer trust. Dry surfaces may appear dry to the naked eye, however, it is common to find a coverage of thin liquid films and microdroplets, known as microscopic surface wetness (MSW). The MSW may favor dry surface biofilm (DSB) formation. DSB formation is similar in other industries, it occurs through the processes of adhesion, production of extracellular polymeric substances, development of microcolonies and maturation, it is mediated by a quorum sensing (QS) system and is followed by dispersal, leading to disaggregation. Species that survive on dry surfaces develop tolerance to different stresses. DSB are recalcitrant and contribute to higher resistance to sanitation, becoming potential sources of contamination, related to the spoilage of processed products and foodborne disease outbreaks. In LMF industries, sanitization is performed using physical methods without the presence of water. Although alternative dry sanitizing methods can be efficiently used, additional studies are still required to develop and assess the effect of emerging technologies, and to propose possible combinations with traditional methods to enhance their effects on the sanitization process. Overall, more information about the different technologies can help to find the most appropriate method/s, contributing to the development of new sanitization protocols. Thus, this review aimed to identify the main characteristics and challenges of biofilm management in low moisture food industries, and summarizes the mechanisms of action of different dry sanitizing methods (alcohol, hot air, UV-C light, pulsed light, gaseous ozone, and cold plasma) and their effects on microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira Perez Alonso
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula M B B Gonçalves
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Rueda Barboza
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana de Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Yamamoto Y, Nakano Y, Murae M, Shimizu Y, Sakai S, Ogawa M, Mizukami T, Inoue T, Onodera T, Takahashi Y, Wakita T, Fukasawa M, Miyazaki S, Noguchi K. Direct Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Peracetic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:20. [PMID: 36613459 PMCID: PMC9820423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) disinfectants are effective against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Several studies have shown the efficacy of PAA against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, its efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 variants and the molecular mechanism of action of PAA against SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the recognition and binding of the cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Here, we demonstrated that PAA effectively suppressed pseudotyped virus infection in the Wuhan type and variants, including Delta and Omicron. Similarly, PAA reduced the authentic viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Computational analysis suggested that the hydroxyl radicals produced by PAA cleave the disulfide bridges in the RBD. Additionally, the PAA treatment decreased the abundance of the Wuhan- and variant-type spike proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed direct inhibition of RBD-ACE2 interactions by PAA. In conclusion, the PAA treatment suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was dependent on the inhibition of the interaction between the spike RBD and ACE2 by inducing spike protein destabilization. Our findings provide evidence of a potent disinfection strategy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mana Murae
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2, Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ogawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Mizukami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Reseach Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Reseach Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohji Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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VishnuRadhan R, Thresyamma DD, Eldho TI, Dhiman R, Bhavan SG. On the emergence of a health-pollutant-climate nexus in the wake of a global pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85619-85631. [PMID: 34523098 PMCID: PMC8439646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has wreaked havoc throughout the planet within a short time frame, inducing substantial morbidity and mortality in the global population. The primary procedures commonly used to manage the pandemic can produce various environmental pollutants, primarily contaminants of emerging concern such as plastics, chemical disinfectants, and pharmaceutical waste. There is a huge influx of various environmental pollutants due to the pandemic effect. We, therefore, introduce the term "envirodemics" depicting the exacerbated surge in the amount of pandemic-induced pollutants. The general toxicity pattern of common chemical ingredients in widely used disinfectants shows negative impacts on the environment. We have identified some of the significant imprints of the pandemic on localizing the Sustainable Development Goals-environment interaction and their implications on achieving the goals in terms of environmental benefits. Climate change impacts are now widespread and have a profound effect on pollutant fluxes and distribution. The climate change signatures will impact the pandemic-induced enhanced fluxes of pollutants in the global waters, such as their transport and transformation. In this study, possible interactions and emerging pathways involving an emerging climate-health-pollutant nexus are discussed. The nexus is further elaborated by considering plastic as an example of an emerging pollutant that is produced in huge quantities as a by-product of COVID management and disaster risk reduction. Additionally, regulatory implications and future perspectives concerning the unleashed nexus are also discussed. We hope that this communication shall call for incisive investigations in the less explored realm concerning the health-pollutant-climate nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith VishnuRadhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.
| | - Divya David Thresyamma
- Arctic Ocean Atmospheric Studies, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, 403804, Vasco da Gama, India
| | - T I Eldho
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Ravinder Dhiman
- Centre for Geo Informatics, Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Maharashtra, 400088, Mumbai, India
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31
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Valentukeviciene M, Andriulaityte I, Zurauskiene R. Experimental Research on the Treatment of Stormwater Contaminated by Disinfectants Using Recycled Materials-Hemp Fiber and Ceramzite. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14486. [PMID: 36361360 PMCID: PMC9659056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by the use of disinfectants in public spaces is a relatively new form of environmental contamination. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021, early research showed a sevenfold increase in the use of disinfectants to clean outdoor spaces and a corresponding increase in environmental pollution. Typically, after entering stormwater systems, disinfectants are carried to surface waters (e.g., rivers, seas and lakes) where they react with various elements to form harmful compounds. In the absence of data, it is not possible to determine accurate levels of pollution according to the latest scientific information. Our enquiry demonstrates that stormwater pollution indicators (pH, conductivity, turbidity and color intensity) change depending on the amounts of disinfectants present. Laboratory tests were conducted using hemp fiber and ceramzite, in which filtered stormwater samples contaminated with different amounts of disinfectants showed decreases in the amounts of active chlorine from 2.93 ppm to 1.0 ppm. Changes in pH levels, conductivity, turbidity and color intensity were monitored before and after filtration; pH indicators changed slightly (from 7.81 to 7.85), turbidity changes varied in the range of 0.070-0.145 NTU and the highest value of color intensity (1.932 AV) was obtained when 50 mL of disinfectant was added to the investigated sample water. This article presents the results of our research into the impact of disinfectants on stormwater. Further investigation is needed in order to determine the impacts of chemical substances on our water ecosystem.
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Akinwande N, Ashezua T, Gweryina R, Somma S, Oguntolu F, Usman A, Abdurrahman O, Kaduna F, Adajime T, Kuta F, Abdulrahman S, Olayiwola R, Enagi A, Bolarin G, Shehu M. Mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission dynamics incorporating booster vaccine program and environmental contamination. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11513. [PMID: 36387529 PMCID: PMC9651474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the greatest human global health challenges that causes economic meltdown of many nations. In this study, we develop an SIR-type model which captures both human-to-human and environment-to-human-to-environment transmissions that allows the recruitment of corona viruses in the environment in the midst of booster vaccine program. Theoretically, we prove some basic properties of the full model as well as investigate the existence of SARS-CoV-2-free and endemic equilibria. The SARS-CoV-2-free equilibrium for the special case, where the constant inflow of corona virus into the environment by any other means, Ω is suspended ( Ω = 0 ) is globally asymptotically stable when the effective reproduction numberR 0 c < 1 and unstable if otherwise. Whereas in the presence of free-living Corona viruses in the environment ( Ω > 0 ), the endemic equilibrium using the centre manifold theory is shown to be stable globally wheneverR 0 c > 1 . The model is extended into optimal control system and analyzed analytically using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Results from the optimal control simulations show that strategy E for implementing the public health advocacy, booster vaccine program, treatment of isolated people and disinfecting or fumigating of surfaces and dead bodies before burial is the most effective control intervention for mitigating the spread of Corona virus. Importantly, based on the available data used, the study also revealed that if at least 70% of the constituents followed the aforementioned public health policies, then herd immunity could be achieved for COVID-19 pandemic in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Akinwande
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - T.T. Ashezua
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - R.I. Gweryina
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - S.A. Somma
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - F.A. Oguntolu
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - A. Usman
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - O.N. Abdurrahman
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - F.S. Kaduna
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - T.P. Adajime
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - F.A. Kuta
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - S. Abdulrahman
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - R.O. Olayiwola
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - A.I. Enagi
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - G.A. Bolarin
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - M.D. Shehu
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
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Alshubaith IH, Alhajri S, Alhajri A, Alsultan RA, Azhar EI, Alhussaini BH, Al Solami LS, de Oliveira MC, Khafaga AF, Alqurashi AD, Attia YA. The impact of COVID-19 on the sustainability of the environment, animal health and food security, and safety. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70822-70831. [PMID: 36066798 PMCID: PMC9446590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic influenced the environment, animal health, and food security. Due to reduced human mobility, the air and water quality increased. Other environmental consequences were the personal protective types of equipment and their haphazard disposal. Atmospheric pollution could be a cofactor leading to an increased COVID-19 mortality rate. Lockdown, however, caused a reduction in air and water pollution. Noise pollution affects the health of individuals and communities in terms of cardiovascular disorders and sleeping problems. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 lockdown controls human activities that reduce noise pollution. Municipal waste affects the environment. Recycling has been reduced in some countries but not in Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 had a drastic effect on livestock production on national, regional, and global levels, affecting countries' capacities to prevent and control diseases of animals and increasing global poverty, becoming a threat to the sustainability of global food security and safety. Many lessons have been learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, so it is wise to study and analyze the previous lessons and shed some light on past pandemics such as the Spanish flu to understand the readings and earn experiences. This paper is focused on the interaction between the pandemic and environmental health from the public health concern rather than other health classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salah Alhajri
- Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Hofuf, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alhajri
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, King Faisal University, Ahsa, 31982, P.O. Box 60066, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed A. Alsultan
- Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Riyadh, 11195 Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 128442, Jeddah, 21362 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakr Hussain Alhussaini
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Gastroenterology Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition Unit, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lafi S. Al Solami
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Marine Science Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758 Egypt
| | - Adel D. Alqurashi
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Group, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80208, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Group, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80208, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chavda VP, Sonak SS, Munshi NK, Dhamade PN. Pseudoscience and fraudulent products for COVID-19 management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62887-62912. [PMID: 35836045 PMCID: PMC9282830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As of now, the COVID-19 pandemic has become uncontrolled and is spreading widely throughout the world. Additionally, new variants of the mutated viral variants have been found in some countries that are more dangerous than the original strain. Even vaccines cannot produce complete protective immunity against the newer strains of SARS-CoV-2. Due to such a dreadful situation, lots of fear and depression have been created among the public. People are looking for the treatment of the disease at any cost and there is a race in the market to provide treatment and make money, whether it is effective or not! In such a condition, many fraud products, remedies, and myths have come into the market, which is falsely claimed to be effective for the disease and can harm the patients. Hence, FDA has banned such products and remedies. In this review, we have compiled all such fraudulent and pseudosciences identified for COVID-19. Currently, in the pandemic time, health agencies are approving the repurposed medicines based on the small-scale clinical data for emergency uses that become ineffective (most of the cases) after large randomized clinical studies. Proper vigilance strategies need to be defined by the regulatory agencies of the nation and routine awareness programs shall be arranged for educating the people and healthcare workers on routine updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Shreya S Sonak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nafesa K Munshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja N Dhamade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
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35
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Anand U, Adelodun B, Cabreros C, Kumar P, Suresh S, Dey A, Ballesteros F, Bontempi E. Occurrence, transformation, bioaccumulation, risk and analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:3883-3904. [PMID: 35996725 PMCID: PMC9385088 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Almost all aspects of society from food security to disease control and prevention have benefited from pharmaceutical and personal care products, yet these products are a major source of contamination that ends up in wastewater and ecosystems. This issue has been sharply accentuated during the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) due to the higher use of disinfectants and other products. Here we review pharmaceutical and personal care products with focus on their occurrence in the environment, detection, risk, and removal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-022-01498-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Bashir Adelodun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Cabreros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - S. Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 003 India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Xiao S, Yuan Z, Huang Y. Disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081721. [PMID: 36016342 PMCID: PMC9413547 DOI: 10.3390/v14081721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious global public health issue. Besides the high transmission rate from individual to individual, indirect transmission from inanimate objects or surfaces poses a more significant threat. Since the start of the outbreak, the importance of respiratory protection, social distancing, and chemical disinfection to prevent the spread of the virus has been the prime focus for infection control. Health regulatory organizations have produced guidelines for the formulation and application of chemical disinfectants to manufacturing industries and the public. On the other hand, extensive literature on the virucidal efficacy testing of microbicides for SARS-CoV-2 has been published over the past year and a half. This review summarizes the studies on the most common chemical disinfectants and their virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, including the type and concentration of the chemical disinfectant, the formulation, the presence of excipients, the exposure time, and other critical factors that determine the effectiveness of chemical disinfectants. In this review, we also critically appraise these disinfectants and conduct a discussion on the role they can play in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430020, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430020, China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430020, China
- Correspondence:
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Hu C, Heng P, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Yang Z, He Y. Fast Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-β-Lactam as a Residue-Free Environmental Bacterial Inhibitor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23708-23716. [PMID: 35847294 PMCID: PMC9281299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Common pathogenic bacteria contaminate the environment through various modes of transmission. It is thus crucial to develop simple preparation methods of residue-free environmental disinfectants. β-Lactam antibiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice to treat bacterial infections. In this study, we used electrochemical exfoliation to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) with abundant ketene functional groups. A residue-free GO-β-lactam (GOβL) was subsequently obtained by mixing ketene and azomethine-H via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in the aqueous phase. GOβL has shown broad-spectrum bacterial inhibition against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella dysenteriae), and it degrades rapidly within 24 h. This study provides a fast and easy method for the synthesis of GOβL, which can be employed as a promising environmental bacteriostatic disinfectant in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, People’s
Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611430, China
| | - Pengfei Heng
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Meilian Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Zhongzhu Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yang He
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College
of Medical Technology, Chengdu University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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Vergara D, Loza-Rodríguez N, Acevedo F, Bustamante M, López O. Povidone-iodine loaded bigels: Characterization and effect as a hand antiseptic agent. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Fujita T, Hasegawa J, Onoue M, Matsubara R, Yamamoto T, Naito M. Quantitative fluorescent detection of antibacterial activity with pyrene-bearing tannic acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Fujita
- Data-driven Polymer Design Group, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jun Hasegawa
- Development Strategy Department, Technology Innovation Center, Business Development Division, TOPPAN INC., 1, Kanda Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0024, Japan
| | - Miki Onoue
- Data-driven Polymer Design Group, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryohei Matsubara
- Development Strategy Department, Technology Innovation Center, Business Development Division, TOPPAN INC., 1, Kanda Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0024, Japan
| | - Takako Yamamoto
- Development Strategy Department, Technology Innovation Center, Business Development Division, TOPPAN INC., 1, Kanda Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0024, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Data-driven Polymer Design Group, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Investigation of biocidal efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in public, private and workplaces during the pandemic event of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5468. [PMID: 35361869 PMCID: PMC8969816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of 24 commercial disinfectants present on the market during last year according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Recently, national and international organizations of public health performed studies on disinfection products due to the increasing awareness of the potential and growing risks on human health, such as skin damage and reactions in the mucosal lining, especially for the healthcare workers in their frequent daily use. However, there are many limitations in the common cleaning/disinfection products on market as in the selection of effective disinfectants to decontaminate inanimate surfaces. We analyzed the disinfection power of hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes used as active principles according to international guidelines. The antimicrobial properties were assessed by broth microdilution, and antibiofilm properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); their virucidal efficacy was tested against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The quaternary ammonium compounds demonstrated better efficacy than others and in some cases ready to use products had also virucidal and antimicrobial activities after dilution at 0.125%. The scientific evidence indicates that many commercial products are used at high concentrations and high doses and this could have deleterious effects both on human health and the environment. A lower concentration of active ingredients would avoid the excessive release of chemicals into the environment and improve skin tolerance, ensuring the health and safety protection of workers, including the healthcare operators at their workplace.
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Giordano F, Petrolini VM, Spagnolo D, Fidente RM, Lanciotti L, Baldassarri L, Moretti FL, Brambilla E, Lonati D, Schicchi A, Locatelli CA, Draisci R. Significant variations of dangerous exposures during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a possible association with the containment measures implemented to reduce the virus transmission. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:441. [PMID: 35246098 PMCID: PMC8896978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 health emergency, mass media widely spread guidelines to stop the virus transmission, leading to an excessive and unaware use of detergents and disinfectants. In Italy and in other countries this tendency caused a significant increase of exposures to these products in 2020. Evaluating data collected by the Italian Pavia Poison Centre (PPC), this study intends to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 lockdown and the variations of exposures to specific product categories possibly associated to the containment measures implemented. Simultaneously, this work shows the effectiveness of the European Product Categorisation System (EuPCS) in surveillance activities of dangerous chemicals. METHODS Exposure cases managed by the PPC during March-May 2020 (lockdown) and during the same months of 2017-2018-2019 were compared. Differences in categorical variables were tested with the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at Alpha = .05. The study included all EuPCS groups but specifically focused on cleaners, detergents, biocides and cosmetics. RESULTS During the lockdown, calls from private citizens showed a highly significant increase (+ 11.5%, p < .001) and occupational exposures decreased (- 11.7%, p = .011). Among Cleaners, exposures to Bleaches slightly increased while Drain cleaning products went through a significant reduction (- 13.9%, p = .035). A highly significant increase of exposures to Disinfectants was observed (+ 7.7%, p = .007), particularly to those for surfaces (+ 6.8%, p = .039). Regarding Cosmetics, both handwashing soaps and gel products significantly increased (respectively: + 25.0, p = .016 and + 9.7%, p = .028). Among children 1-5 years, the statistical significance is reached with exposures to Dishwashing detergents (+ 13.1%, p = .032), handwashing soaps (+ 28.6%, p = .014) and handwashing gel products (+ 16.8%, p = .010). Contrarily, Liquid Laundry Detergent Capsules decreased in a highly significant manner (- 25%; p = .001). The general severity of exposures showed a highly significant decrease (Moderate: - 10.1%, p = .0002). CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the relationship between the COVID-19 lockdown and the variations of exposures to some product categories related to the containment measures. The results obtained support any action to be taken by Competent Authorities to implement measures for a safer use of cleaners/disinfectants. This paper shows the benefit in applying the EuPCS to categorize products according to their intended use, though an extension of this system to products not covered by CLP Regulation may be a further advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Giordano
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Margherita Petrolini
- Toxicology Unit, Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Domenico Spagnolo
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Maria Fidente
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Lanciotti
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Baldassarri
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Luca Moretti
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- Toxicology Unit, Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Lonati
- Toxicology Unit, Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Schicchi
- Toxicology Unit, Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Toxicology Unit, Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosa Draisci
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00100, Rome, Italy
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Vadiati M, Beynaghi A, Bhattacharya P, Bandala ER, Mozafari M. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment: How deep and how long? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152255. [PMID: 34896489 PMCID: PMC8660132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) announcement released in early March 2020 stated there is no proven evidence that the COVID-19 virus can survive in drinking water or sewage, there has been some recent evidence that coronaviruses can survive in low-temperature environments and in groundwater for more than a week. Some studies have also found SARS-CoV-2 genetic materials in raw municipal wastewater, which highlights a potential avenue for viral spread. A lack of information about the presence and spread of COVID-19 in the environment may lead to decisions based on local concerns and prevent the integration of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 into the global water cycle. Several studies have optimistically assumed that coronavirus has not yet affected water ecosystems, but this assumption may increase the possibility of subsequent global water issues. More studies are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 occurrence and outbreak in aquatic environments and more specifically in water resources. As scientific efforts to report reliable news, conduct rapid and precise research on COVID-19, and advocate for scientists worldwide to overcome this crisis increase, more information is required to assess the extent of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. The goals of this study are to estimate the extent of the environmental effects of the pandemic, as well as identify related knowledge gaps and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Vadiati
- Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program, Global Affairs, University of California, Davis, 10 College Park, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ali Beynaghi
- Office of Sustainability, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research @KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erick R Bandala
- Division of Hydrological Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, 89119 Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Antiviral activity of galvanic microcells of zinc and copper contained within painted surfaces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1368. [PMID: 35079084 PMCID: PMC8789804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents research related to the antiviral activity of painted surfaces containing galvanic microcells of zinc and copper. The aim of this study was to investigate the virucidal activity of galvanic microcells of zinc and copper grains fixed with adequate homogeneity and degree of aggregation in water-based acrylic paint layers in reference to a non-treated reference control. This paper provides evidence that a paint coating with a total copper surface area of 4.4% displays antiviral activity against human coronavirus NL63 according to ISO 21702 and inactivates > 99% of virus after 4 h of contact relative to a non-treated reference control.
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Pathogen Control in the Built Environment: A Probiotic-Based System as a Remedy for the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020225. [PMID: 35208679 PMCID: PMC8876034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high and sometimes inappropriate use of disinfectants and antibiotics has led to alarming levels of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to high water and hearth pollution, which today represent major threats for public health. Furthermore, the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has deeply influenced our sanitization habits, imposing the massive use of chemical disinfectants potentially exacerbating both concerns. Moreover, super-sanitation can profoundly influence the environmental microbiome, potentially resulting counterproductive when trying to stably eliminate pathogens. Instead, environmentally friendly procedures based on microbiome balance principles, similar to what applied to living organisms, may be more effective, and probiotic-based eco-friendly sanitation has been consistently reported to provide stable reduction of both pathogens and AMR in treated-environments, compared to chemical disinfectants. Here, we summarize the results of the studies performed in healthcare settings, suggesting that such an approach may be applied successfully also to non-healthcare environments, including the domestic ones, based on its effectiveness, safety, and negligible environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on social factors. COVID-19 AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9334995 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91307-2.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is immeasurable. While the pandemic disrupted the supply and demand of several businesses, the impact on society raised questions over international labor standards, worker health and safety, ethical sourcing, and corporate social responsibility. On the demand side, most of the discretionary spending by consumers has come down, while on the supply side, companies are short of inventories. Many companies cut down on expenditure through pay-cuts and reduced workforce during the pandemic. Further, the psychological and social effects of the healthcare disaster resulted in emotional and behavioral changes in society. Reduced earnings due to prolonged social isolation, confinement measures, trade restrictions, and “working from home” have marred the efforts put in to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Students, scholars, instructors, administrators, and parents have all been severely impacted by unexpected school closures as a result of the government lockdowns. Further, environmental quality has improved during the lockdown. In this chapter, four SDGs are discussed in relation to COVID-19’s social impact. These SDGs are SDG 3: Good health and well-being, SDG 4: Quality education, SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth, and SDG 13: Climate action. Each SDG is individually important for the society; however, an integrated viewpoint enhances our scope to address the pros and cons of the pandemic to the society. Sectors like manufacturing, construction, and others had a reduced demand with excess resources. On the contrary, the sectors like healthcare and pharmaceuticals had a surge in demand, which often resulted in a lack of resources. In this chapter, the social impact of COVID-19 is studied in six sectors: employment, education, healthcare, family, social media, and environmental quality. These sectors have been identified from the social progress index of 2020. The importance of responsible countries for reducing the social divide during large-scale disruptions is observed. Improvement through coordination and collaboration rather than competition among stakeholders is the way forward for a safe, inclusive, and respectful workforce.
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Agathokleous E, Barceló D, Iavicoli I, Tsatsakis A, Calabrese EJ. Disinfectant-induced hormesis: An unknown environmental threat of the application of disinfectants to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118429. [PMID: 34743965 PMCID: PMC8553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Massive additional quantities of disinfectants have been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic as infection preventive and control measures. While the application of disinfectants plays a key role in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of disinfectants applied during the ongoing pandemic on non-target organisms remain unknown. Here we collated evidence from multiple studies showing that chemicals used for major disinfectant products can induce hormesis in various organisms, such as plants, animal cells, and microorganisms, when applied singly or in mixtures, suggesting potential ecological risks at sub-threshold doses that are normally considered safe. Among other effects, sub-threshold doses of disinfectant chemicals can enhance the proliferation and pathogenicity of pathogenic microbes, enhancing the development and spread of drug resistance. We opine that hormesis should be considered when evaluating the effects and risks of such disinfectants, especially since the linear-no-threshold (LNT) and threshold dose-response models cannot identify or predict their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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47
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Mehta S, Gupta D, C. Nagaiah T. Selective electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide from reduction of oxygen on mesoporous nitrogen containing carbon. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mehta
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry INDIA
| | - Divyani Gupta
- IIT Ropar: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry Department of ChemistryMain CampusRUPNAGAR 140001 RUPNAGAR INDIA
| | - Tharamani C. Nagaiah
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry Nangal Road 140 001 Rupnagar INDIA
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48
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bonfante F, Ricciardi W, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Potential of an Eco-Sustainable Probiotic-Cleaning Formulation in Reducing Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:2227. [PMID: 34835033 PMCID: PMC8617880 DOI: 10.3390/v13112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced sanitization procedures, and high-level disinfection has been massively used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, with potential negative impact on the environment and on the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Aiming to overcome these concerns, yet preserving the effectiveness of sanitization against enveloped viruses, we assessed the antiviral properties of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS), an eco-sustainable probiotic-based detergent previously proven to stably abate pathogen contamination and AMR. PCHS (diluted 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100) was tested in comparison to common disinfectants (70% ethanol and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite), in suspension and carrier tests, according with the European UNI EN 14476:2019 and UNI EN 16777:2019 standards. Human alpha- and beta-coronaviruses hCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1, human and animal influenza viruses, and vaccinia virus were included in the study. The results showed that PCHS was able to inactivate 99.99% of all tested viruses within 1-2 h of contact, both in suspension and on surface. Notably, while control disinfectants became inactive within 2 h after application, the PCHS antiviral action persisted up to 24 h post-application, suggesting that its use may effectively allow a continuous prevention of virus spread via contaminated environment, without worsening environmental pollution and AMR concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, IZSVe, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
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49
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Impacts of COVID-19 on the Aquatic Environment and Implications on Aquatic Food Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in ecological changes of aquatic ecosystems, affected the aquatic food supply chain, and disrupted the socio-economy of global populations. Due to reduced human activities during the pandemic, the aquatic environment was reported to improve its water quality, wild fishery stocks, and biodiversity. However, the sudden surge of plastics and biomedical wastes during the COVID-19 pandemic masked the positive impacts and increased the risks of aquatic pollution, especially microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and disinfectants. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater treatment plants to natural water bodies could have serious impacts on the environment and human health, especially in developing countries with poor waste treatment facilities. The presence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in human excreta, wastewaters, and sludge and its transmission to aquatic ecosystems could have negative impacts on fisheries and aquaculture industries, which have direct implications on food safety and security. COVID-19 pandemic-related environmental pollution showed a high risk to aquatic food security and human health. This paper reviews the impacts of COVID-19, both positive and negative, and assesses the causes and consequences of anthropogenic activities that can be managed through effective regulation and management of eco-resources for the revival of biodiversity, ecosystem health, and sustainable aquatic food production.
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50
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Miao Z, Sun Y, Tao Z, Chen Y, Ma Y, Zhu D, Huang X, Zha Z. Thermochromic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Iodine Hydrogels with Safe Threshold Temperature for Infectious Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100722. [PMID: 34165889 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iodophor (povidone-iodine) has been widely used for antibacterial applications in the clinic. Yet, limited progress in the field of iodine-based bactericides has been achieved since the invention of iodophor. Herein, a blue polyvinyl alcohol-iodine (PAI) complex-based antibacterial hydrogel is explored as a new generation of biocompatible iodine-based bactericides. The obtained PAI hydrogel maintains laser triggered liquefaction, thermochromic, and photothermal features for highly efficient elimination of bacteria. In vitro antibacterial test reveals that the relative bacteria viabilities of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incubated with PAI hydrogel are only 8% and 3.8%, respectively. Upon single injection of the PAI hydrogel, MRSA-infected open wounds can be efficiently healed in only 5 days, and the healing speed is further accelerated by laser irradiation due to the dynamic interaction between iodine and polyvinyl alcohol, causing up to ∼29% of wound area being closed on day 1. In addition, a safe threshold temperature of skin scald (∼45 °C) emerges for PAI hydrogels because of thermochromic properties, avoiding thermal injuries during irradiation. In addition, no observed toxicity or skin irritation is observed for the PAI hydrogel. This work expands the category of iodine-based bactericides for safe and controllable management of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Miao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Yanbin Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Zhenchao Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Yu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
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