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Guo Z, Zuchowicz N, Bouwmeester J, Joshi AS, Neisch AL, Smith K, Daly J, Etheridge ML, Finger EB, Kodandaramaiah SB, Hays TS, Hagedorn M, Bischof JC. Conduction-Dominated Cryomesh for Organism Vitrification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303317. [PMID: 38018294 PMCID: PMC10797434 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitrification-based cryopreservation is a promising approach to achieving long-term storage of biological systems for maintaining biodiversity, healthcare, and sustainable food production. Using the "cryomesh" system achieves rapid cooling and rewarming of biomaterials, but further improvement in cooling rates is needed to increase biosystem viability and the ability to cryopreserve new biosystems. Improved cooling rates and viability are possible by enabling conductive cooling through cryomesh. Conduction-dominated cryomesh improves cooling rates from twofold to tenfold (i.e., 0.24 to 1.2 × 105 °C min-1 ) in a variety of biosystems. Higher thermal conductivity, smaller mesh wire diameter and pore size, and minimizing the nitrogen vapor barrier (e.g., vertical plunging in liquid nitrogen) are key parameters to achieving improved vitrification. Conduction-dominated cryomesh successfully vitrifies coral larvae, Drosophila embryos, and zebrafish embryos with improved outcomes. Not only a theoretical foundation for improved vitrification in µm to mm biosystems but also the capability to scale up for biorepositories and/or agricultural, aquaculture, or scientific use are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Guo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Nikolas Zuchowicz
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Jessica Bouwmeester
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of HawaiiKaneoheHI96744USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVA22630USA
| | - Amey S. Joshi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Amanda L. Neisch
- Department of GeneticsCell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Kieran Smith
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Taronga Conservation Society AustraliaMosmanNew South Wales2088Australia
- School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South Wales2033Australia
| | - Michael L. Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Erik B. Finger
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Suhasa B. Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Graduate Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Thomas S. Hays
- Department of GeneticsCell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of HawaiiKaneoheHI96744USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVA22630USA
| | - John C. Bischof
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
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2
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Joshi P, Rabin Y. Thermomechanical stress analyses of nanowarming-assisted recovery from cryopreservation by vitrification in human heart and rat heart models. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290063. [PMID: 37585446 PMCID: PMC10431620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates thermomechanical stress in cryopreservation by vitrification of the heart, while exploring the effects of nanowarming-assisted recovery from cryogenic storage. This study expands upon a recently published study, combining experimental investigation and thermal analysis of cryopreservation on a rat heart model. Specifically, this study focuses on scenarios with variable concentrations of silica-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (sIONPs), while accounting for loading limitations associated with the heart physiology, as well as the properties of cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution and the geometry of the container. Results of this study suggest that variable sIONP concentration based on the heart physiology will elevate mechanical stresses when compared with the mathematically simplified, uniform distribution case. The most dangerous part of rewarming is below glass transition and at the onset of nanowarming past the glass transition temperature on the way for organ recovery from cryogenic storage. Throughout rewarming, regions that rewarm faster, such as the chambers of the heart (higher sIONP concentration), undergo compressive stresses, while the slower rewarming regions, such as the heart myocardium (low sIONP concentration), undergo tension. Being a brittle material, the vitrified organ is expected to fail under tension in lower stresses than in compression. Unfortunately, the location and magnitude of the maximum stress in the investigated cases varied, while general rules were not identified. This investigation demonstrates the need to tailor the thermal protocol of heart cryopreservation on a case-by-case basis, since the location, orientation, magnitude, and instant at which the maximum mechanical stress is found cannot be predicted a priori. While thermomechanical stress poses a significant risk to organ integrity, careful design of the thermal protocol can be instrumental in reducing the likelihood of structural damage, while taking full advantage of the benefits of nanowarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yoed Rabin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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3
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Ikehata A, Morisawa Y. Observation of Solid-Liquid Phase Transitions of Brine Using the Far-Ultraviolet Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Band. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37433721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Although determining the chemical states of salts and ions is critical in numerous fields, such as elucidating biological functions and maintaining food quality, the current direct observation methods are insufficient. We propose a spectral analysis method of directly observing the phase transitions of NaCl solutions using the changes in the charge-transfer-to-solvent band and the absorption band representing the first electron transition (Ã ← X̃) of H2O. The intensities of these bands may be observed using attenuated total reflection far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. According to the well-known phase diagram of aqueous NaCl, we observe spectral changes during freezing-thawing and may spectroscopically detect the phase transitions from liquid to mixed liquid-solid and solid phases, including eutectic crystals, in addition to their coexistence curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ikehata
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morisawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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4
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Pushkarev AV, Ryabikin SS, Saakyan NY, Tsiganov DI, Burkov IA, Vasilev AO. A study of prostate multiprobe cryoablation near urethra for precision treatment planning. Cryobiology 2022; 109:10-19. [PMID: 36283423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simplified preoperative planning of multiprobe prostate cryoablation limits its efficiency. In order to improve it, the thermal history prediction software is being developed. However, the problem of high risks at the prostate-urethra boundary has not been solved yet. The urethral warming system is used to protect the urethral canal from freezing. On the one hand it is used to reduce the risk of damage to the urethra; on the other hand it increases the risk of insufficient ablation of the tumor. This paper presents a step towards the possibility of carrying out the precision prostate cryoablation in this region. For the experimental part, three cases of arrangement of one and two argon cryoprobes and a heating catheter have been considered. Freezing zone shape and dimensions, and temperature at control points depending on time have been obtained. Experimental results have clearly shown the effect of the heating catheter, the second cryoprobe, and the initial temperature of the biotissue phantom on the freezing zone. After, the thermal aspects of treatment simulation have been developed and verified. A series of calculations have been carried out with the goal to get the information about optimizing the prostate cryoablation on the prostate-urethra boundary. The arrangement of cryoprobes has been proposed for three different variants for prostate cryoablation (sectors of 90, 180° and 360°). The area of prostate tissues near the urethra that cannot be cooled below the necrosis temperature is shown. This information is expected to be useful for improving the quality of cryosurgery planning algorithms (e.g. for tumor treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Pushkarev
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S S Ryabikin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Yu Saakyan
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D I Tsiganov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Burkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A O Vasilev
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry n.a. A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Jaiswal AN, Vagga A. Cryopreservation: A Review Article. Cureus 2022; 14:e31564. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Zhan L, Han Z, Shao Q, Etheridge ML, Hays T, Bischof JC. Rapid joule heating improves vitrification based cryopreservation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6017. [PMID: 36224179 PMCID: PMC9556611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation by vitrification has far-reaching implications. However, rewarming techniques that are rapid and scalable (both in throughput and biosystem size) for low concentrations of cryoprotective agent (CPA) for reduced toxicity are lacking, limiting the potential for translation. Here, we introduce a joule heating-based platform technology, whereby biosystems are rapidly rewarmed by contact with an electrical conductor that is fed a voltage pulse. We demonstrate successful cryopreservation of three model biosystems with thicknesses across three orders of magnitude, including adherent cells (~4 µm), Drosophila melanogaster embryos (~50 µm) and rat kidney slices (~1.2 mm) using low CPA concentrations (2-4 M). Using tunable voltage pulse widths from 10 µs to 100 ms, numerical simulation predicts that warming rates from 5 × 104 to 6 × 108 °C/min can be achieved. Altogether, our results present a general solution to the cryopreservation of a broad spectrum of cellular, organismal and tissue-based biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zonghu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael L Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Hays
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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7
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Johnson S, Hall C, Das S, Devireddy R. Freezing of Solute-Laden Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics of Crystallization and Heat- and Mass-Transfer-Limited Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100540. [PMID: 36290508 PMCID: PMC9598362 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an earlier study, we reexamined the latent heat of fusion during freezing at 5 K/min of twelve different pre-nucleated solute-laden aqueous solutions using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and correlated it with the amount of initially dissolved solids or solutes in the solution. In general, a decrease in DSC-measured heat release (in comparison to that of pure water, 335 mJ/mg) was observed with an increasing fraction of dissolved solids or solutes, as observed in the earlier study. In addition, the kinetics of ice crystallization was also obtained in three representative biological media by performing additional experiments at 1, 5 and 20 K/min. A model of ice crystallization based on the phase diagram of a water–NaCl binary solution and a modified Avrami-like model of kinetics was then developed and fit to the experimental data. Concurrently, a heat and mass transfer model of the freezing of a salt solution in a small container is also presented to account for the effect of the cooling rate as well as the solute concentration on the measured latent of freezing. This diffusion-based model of heat and mass transfer was non-dimensionalized, solved using a numerical scheme and compared with experimental results. The simulation results show that the heat and mass transfer model can predict (± 10%) the experimental results.
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8
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Jia G, Chen Y, Sun A, Orlien V. Control of ice crystal nucleation and growth during the food freezing process. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2433-2454. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Jia
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - AiDong Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Vibeke Orlien
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
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9
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van der Walt K, Burritt DJ, Nadarajan J. Impacts of Rapid Desiccation on Oxidative Status, Ultrastructure and Physiological Functions of Syzygium maire (Myrtaceae) Zygotic Embryos in Preparation for Cryopreservation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1056. [PMID: 35448783 PMCID: PMC9028110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium maire is a highly threatened Myrtaceae tree species endemic to New Zealand. Due to its recalcitrant seed storage behaviour, cryopreservation is the only viable long-term ex situ conservation option for this species. This study investigated viability, oxidative stress, thermal properties, and ultrastructure of zygotic embryo axes (EAs) desiccated to various moisture contents (MC). Fresh EAs had a MC of c. 1.9 g/g with 100% viability but rapid desiccation to MC < 0.3 g/g significantly reduced viability and decreased the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, with a sevenfold increase in the production of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis showed no thermal events in EAs desiccated to a MC of <0.2 g/g, indicating that all freezable water had been removed, but this was lethal to both EAs and enzymatic antioxidants. The ultrastructure of desiccated EAs showed signs of plasmolysis, while fully hydrated EAs exposed to cryogenic temperature had ultrastructural disintegration and membrane damage. The decline in enzymatic antioxidant activities and the increase in lipid peroxidation suggest that S. maire EA viability loss is due to oxidative stress rather than structural impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin van der Walt
- Ōtari Native Botanic Garden, Wellington City Council, 150 Wilton Road, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - David J. Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Jayanthi Nadarajan
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
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10
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Vitrifying multiple embryos in different arrangements does not alter the cooling rate. Cryobiology 2021; 103:22-31. [PMID: 34715113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification is the most common method of cryopreservation of gametes in fertility clinics due to its improved survival rates compared to slow freezing techniques. For the Open Cryotop® vitrification device, the number of oocytes, or embryos, mounted onto a single device can vary. In this work, a mathematical model is developed for the cooling of oocytes and embryos (samples). The model is solved computationally, to investigate whether varying the number of samples mounted onto the Open Cryotop® affects the cooling rates, and consequently the survival rates, of vitrified samples. Several realistic spatial arrangements of samples are examined, determining their temperature over time. In this way we quantify the effect of spatial arrangement on the cooling rate. Our results indicate that neither the spatial arrangement nor the number of mounted samples has a large effect on cooling rates, so long as the volume of the cryoprotectant remains minimal. The time taken for cooling is found to be on the order of half a second, or less, regardless of the spatial arrangement or number of mounted samples. Hence, rapid cooling can be achieved for any number or arrangement of samples, as long as device manufacturer guidelines are adhered to.
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11
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Joukhdar H, Seifert A, Jüngst T, Groll J, Lord MS, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Ice Templating Soft Matter: Fundamental Principles and Fabrication Approaches to Tailor Pore Structure and Morphology and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100091. [PMID: 34236118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds are widely used in biomedical applications where pore size and morphology influence a range of biological processes, including mass transfer of solutes, cellular interactions and organization, immune responses, and tissue vascularization, as well as drug delivery from biomaterials. Ice templating, one of the most widely utilized techniques for the fabrication of porous materials, allows control over pore morphology by controlling ice formation in a suspension of solutes. By fine-tuning freezing and solute parameters, ice templating can be used to incorporate pores with tunable morphological features into a wide range of materials using a simple, accessible, and scalable process. While soft matter is widely ice templated for biomedical applications and includes commercial and clinical products, the principles underpinning its ice templating are not reviewed as well as their inorganic counterparts. This review describes and critically evaluates fundamental principles, fabrication and characterization approaches, and biomedical applications of ice templating in polymer-based biomaterials. It describes the utility of porous scaffolds in biomedical applications, highlighting biological mechanisms impacted by pore features, outlines the physical and thermodynamic mechanisms underpinning ice templating, describes common fabrication setups, critically evaluates complexities of ice templating specific to polymers, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Joukhdar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Annika Seifert
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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12
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Campagnoli E, Giaretto V. Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Ex-Vivo Bovine Liver from Room Temperature down to -60 °C. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3750. [PMID: 34279321 PMCID: PMC8269850 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo animal tissues (e.g., bovine liver) as well as water-agar gel are commonly used to simulate both experimentally and numerically the response of human tissues to cryoablation treatments. Data on the low temperature thermal properties of bovine liver are difficult to find in the literature and very often are not provided for the whole temperature range of interest. This article presents the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurements performed on ex-vivo bovine liver samples using the transient plane source method. Regression coefficients are provided to determine these properties in different temperature ranges except for the phase transition during which no results were obtained, which suggests an ad hoc calorimetric analysis. A quick procedure is also suggested to determine the water mass fraction in the tissue. Moreover, an attempt to estimate the liver density in the frozen state using measurements performed solely at room temperature is also presented. The measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values are compared with data reported in literature highlighting a spread up to 40%. Moreover, it emerges that water-agar gel usually made with 2% by weight of agar does not show the same thermal properties as the bovine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campagnoli
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valter Giaretto
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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13
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Zhan L, Guo S, Kangas J, Shao Q, Shiao M, Khosla K, Low WC, McAlpine MC, Bischof J. Conduction Cooling and Plasmonic Heating Dramatically Increase Droplet Vitrification Volumes for Cell Cryopreservation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004605. [PMID: 34141523 PMCID: PMC8188207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Droplet vitrification has emerged as a promising ice-free cryopreservation approach to provide a supply chain for off-the-shelf cell products in cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. Translation of this approach requires the use of low concentration (i.e., low toxicity) permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPA) and high post cryopreservation viability (>90%), thereby demanding fast cooling and warming rates. Unfortunately, with traditional approaches using convective heat transfer, the droplet volumes that can be successfully vitrified and rewarmed are impractically small (i.e., 180 picoliter) for <2.5 m permeable CPA. Herein, a novel approach to achieve 90-95% viability in micro-liter size droplets with 2 m permeable CPA, is presented. Droplets with plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) are printed onto a cryogenic copper substrate for improved cooling rates via conduction, while plasmonic laser heating yields >400-fold improvement in warming rates over traditional convective approach. High viability cryopreservation is then demonstrated in a model cell line (human dermal fibroblasts) and an important regenerative medicine cell line (human umbilical cord blood stem cells). This approach opens a new paradigm for cryopreservation and rewarming of dramatically larger volume droplets at lower CPA concentration for cell therapy and other regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP‐Bio)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Shuang‐Zhuang Guo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Joseph Kangas
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP‐Bio)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Maple Shiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Kanav Khosla
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP‐Bio)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Michael C. McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP‐Bio)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP‐Bio)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
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14
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Zhan L, Li MG, Hays T, Bischof J. Cryopreservation method for Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2412. [PMID: 33893303 PMCID: PMC8065140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a widely adopted cryopreservation method remains a major challenge in Drosophila research. Here we report a robust and easily implemented cryopreservation protocol of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. We present innovations for embryo permeabilization, cryoprotectant agent loading, and rewarming. We show that the protocol is broadly applicable, successfully implemented in 25 distinct strains from different sources. We demonstrate that for most strains, >50% embryos hatch and >25% of the resulting larvae develop into adults after cryopreservation. We determine that survival can be significantly improved by outcrossing to mitigate the effect of genetic background for strains with low survival after cryopreservation. We show that flies retain normal sex ratio, fertility, and original mutation after successive cryopreservation of 5 generations and 6-month storage in liquid nitrogen. Lastly, we find that non-specialists are able to use this protocol to obtain consistent results, demonstrating potential for wide adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP-Bio), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Min-Gang Li
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Hays
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP-Bio), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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15
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Shi M, Qiu J, Feng S, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Lu TJ, Xu F. Janus Vitrification of Droplet via Cold Leidenfrost Phenomenon. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007325. [PMID: 33705588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles with asymmetric crystals show great importance in optoelectronics and photocatalysis, but their synthesis usually requires complicated procedures. Here, an unexpected Janus vitrification phenomenon is observed in a droplet caused by the Leidenfrost effect at a cryogenic temperature, which is commonly regarded as symmetric. The Leidenfrost phenomenon levitates the droplet when it comes in contact with liquid nitrogen causing different cooling conditions on the droplet's top and bottom surfaces. It induces asymmetric crystallization in the droplet, forming a Janus vitrified particle with an asymmetric crystallization borderline after cooling, as further evidenced by cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental study indicate that the position of the asymmetric crystallization borderline is determined by the droplet radius and density, and the observation window of asymmetric crystallization borderline is determined by the chemical concentration. The finding reveals the asymmetric crystallization phenomenon in droplet vitrification for the first time, and provides a new insight for creating Janus particles through the Leidenfrost phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1740, USA
| | - Jinbin Qiu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shangsheng Feng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures (MLMS), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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16
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Han Z, Sharma A, Gao Z, Carlson TW, O’Sullivan MG, Finger EB, Bischof JC. Diffusion Limited Cryopreservation of Tissue with Radiofrequency Heated Metal Forms. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000796. [PMID: 32875732 PMCID: PMC7879698 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreserved tissues are increasingly needed in biomedical applications. However, successful cryopreservation is generally only reported for thin tissues (≤1 mm). This work presents several innovations to reduce cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity and improve tissue cryopreservation, including 1) improved tissue warming rates through radiofrequency metal form and field optimization and 2) an experimentally verified predictive model to optimize CPA loading and rewarming to reduce toxicity. CPA loading is studied by microcomputed tomography (µCT) imaging, rewarming by thermal measurements, and modeling, and viability is measured after loading and/or cryopreservation by alamarBlue and histology. Loading conditions for three common CPA cocktails (6, 8.4, and 9.3 m) are designed, and then fast cooling and metal forms rewarming (up to 2000 °C min-1 ) achieve ≥90% viability in cryopreserved 1-2 mm arteries with various CPAs. Despite high viability by alamarBlue, histology shows subtle changes after cryopreservation suggesting some degree of cell damage especially in the central portions of thicker arteries up to 2 mm. While further studies are needed, these results show careful CPA loading and higher metal forms warming rates can help reduce CPA loading toxicity and improve outcomes from cryopreservation in tissues while also offering new protocols to preserve larger tissues ≥1 mm in thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Timothy W. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Erik B. Finger
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John C. Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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17
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Lauk-Dubitskiy SE, Pushkarev AV, Korovin IA, Shakurov AV, Burkov IA, Severgina LO, Zherdev AA, Tsiganov DI, Novikov IA. Porcine heart valve, aorta and trachea cryopreservation and thawing using polydimethylsiloxane. Cryobiology 2020; 93:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Xie X, Diao Z, Cahill DG. Microscale, bendable thermoreflectance sensor for local measurements of the thermal effusivity of biological fluids and tissues. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:044903. [PMID: 32357710 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the thermal transport properties of biological fluids and tissues are important for biomedical applications such as thermal diagnostics and thermal therapeutics. Here, we describe a microscale thermoreflectance sensor to measure the thermal effusivity of fluids and biological samples in a minimally invasive manner. The sensor is based on ultrafast optical pump-probe techniques and employs a metal-coated optical fiber as both a photonic waveguide and a local probe. Calibration of the sensor with five liquids shows that the percentage deviation between experimentally measured effusivity and literature values is on average <3%. We further demonstrate the capability of the sensor by measuring the thermal effusivity of vegetable oil, butter, pork liver, and quail egg white and yolk. We relate the thermal effusivity of the samples to their composition and water content, and establish our technique as a powerful and flexible method for studying the local thermal transport properties of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xie
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhu Diao
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - David G Cahill
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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19
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Anderson DM, Benson JD, Kearsley AJ. Foundations of modeling in cryobiology-III: Inward solidification of a ternary solution towards a permeable spherical cell in the dilute limit. Cryobiology 2020; 92:34-46. [PMID: 31604066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the previous two manuscripts we outlined the general theory of heat and mass transport in a cell-liquid-ice system with general boundaries and nonideal and nondilute assumptions. Here we simplify the models considerably by presenting a reduction to a spherically symmetric system-a spherical cell with an encroaching spherical ice front. We also reduce to linear approximations of the nonideal nondilute models, essentially assuming dilute and ideal conditions. We derive the resulting nondimensional combined heat and mass transport model for a ternary solution and present numerical solutions. We include an analysis of the effects of varying some nondimensional parameters on rates of ice growth with comments on the necessity of models that account for spatially varying quantities in cryobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Anderson
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - James D Benson
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Anthony J Kearsley
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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20
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Mutsenko V, Knaack S, Lauterboeck L, Tarusin D, Sydykov B, Cabiscol R, Ivnev D, Belikan J, Beck A, Dipresa D, Lode A, El Khassawna T, Kampschulte M, Scharf R, Petrenko AY, Korossis S, Wolkers WF, Gelinsky M, Glasmacher B, Gryshkov O. Effect of 'in air' freezing on post-thaw recovery of Callithrix jacchus mesenchymal stromal cells and properties of 3D collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Cryobiology 2020; 92:215-230. [PMID: 31972153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Through enabling an efficient supply of cells and tissues in the health sector on demand, cryopreservation is increasingly becoming one of the mainstream technologies in rapid translation and commercialization of regenerative medicine research. Cryopreservation of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) is an emerging trend that requires the development of practically competitive biobanking technologies. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that conventional slow-freezing using dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) does not provide sufficient protection of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) frozen in 3D collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds. After simple modifications to a cryopreservation protocol, we report on significantly improved cryopreservation of TECs. Porous 3D scaffolds were fabricated using freeze-drying of a mineralized collagen suspension and following chemical crosslinking. Amnion-derived MSCs from common marmoset monkey Callithrix jacchus were seeded onto scaffolds in static conditions. Cell-seeded scaffolds were subjected to 24 h pre-treatment with 100 mM sucrose and slow freezing in 10% Me2SO/20% FBS alone or supplemented with 300 mM sucrose. Scaffolds were frozen 'in air' and thawed using a two-step procedure. Diverse analytical methods were used for the interpretation of cryopreservation outcome for both cell-seeded and cell-free scaffolds. In both groups, cells exhibited their typical shape and well-preserved cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts after thawing. Moreover, viability test 24 h post-thaw demonstrated that application of sucrose in the cryoprotective solution preserves a significantly greater portion of sucrose-pretreated cells (more than 80%) in comparison to Me2SO alone (60%). No differences in overall protein structure and porosity of frozen scaffolds were revealed whereas their compressive stress was lower than in the control group. In conclusion, this approach holds promise for the cryopreservation of 'ready-to-use' TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Mutsenko
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sven Knaack
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lothar Lauterboeck
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, USA
| | - Dmytro Tarusin
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Bulat Sydykov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ramon Cabiscol
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Ivnev
- Institute of Power Plant Engineering and Heat Transfer, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Belikan
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Beck
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniele Dipresa
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Scharf
- Institute of Power Plant Engineering and Heat Transfer, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Yu Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School for Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Joshi P, Rabin Y. Thermal analysis of marginal conditions to facilitate cryopreservation by vitrification using a semi-empirical approach. Cryobiology 2019; 91:128-136. [PMID: 31526802 PMCID: PMC7383435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at the thermal analysis of marginal conditions leading to cryopreservation by vitrification, which appears to be the only alternative for indefinite preservation of large-size tissues and organs. The term "marginal conditions" here refers to cooling rates in close range with the so-called critical cooling rate, above which crystallization is avoided. The analysis of thermal effects associated with partial crystallization during vitrification is associated with the coupled phenomena of heat transfer and kinetics of crystallization. This study takes a practical, semi-empirical approach, where heat transfer is analyzed based on its underlying theoretical principles, while the thermal effects associated with partial crystallization are taken into account by means of empirical correlations. This study presents a computation framework to solve the coupled problem, while presenting a proof-of-concept for DP6 as a representative cryoprotective agent. The thermal effects associated with crystallization at various relevant cooling rates are measured in this study by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Results of this study demonstrate that, due to the thermal effects associated with partial crystallization, the cooling rate at the center of a large organ may lag behind the cooling rate in its surroundings under some scenarios, but may also exceed the surroundings cooling rate in other scenarios, leading to counter-intuitive effects associated with partial crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yoed Rabin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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22
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Anderson DM, Benson JD, Kearsley AJ. Foundations of modeling in cryobiology-II: Heat and mass transport in bulk and at cell membrane and ice-liquid interfaces. Cryobiology 2019; 91:3-17. [PMID: 31589832 PMCID: PMC7098062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modeling coupled heat and mass transport in biological systems is critical to the understanding of cryobiology. In Part I of this series we derived the transport equation and presented a general thermodynamic derivation of the critical components needed to use the transport equation in cryobiology. Here we refine to more cryobiologically relevant instances of a double free-boundary problem with multiple species. In particular, we present the derivation of appropriate mass and heat transport constitutive equations for a system consisting of a cell or tissue with a free external boundary, surrounded by liquid media with an encroaching free solidification front. This model consists of two parts-namely, transport in the "bulk phases" away from boundaries, and interfacial transport. Here we derive the bulk and interfacial mass, energy, and momentum balance equations and present a simplification of transport within membranes to jump conditions across them. We establish the governing equations for this cell/liquid/solid system whose solution in the case of a ternary mixture is explored in Part III of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Anderson
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8910, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - James D Benson
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8910, USA; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Anthony J Kearsley
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8910, USA.
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23
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Numerical solution of inward solidification of a dilute ternary solution towards a semi-permeable spherical cell. Math Biosci 2019; 316:108240. [PMID: 31465730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Modeling a cell's response to encroaching ice has informed the development of cryopreservation protocols for four decades. It has been well documented that knowledge of the cellular state as a function of media and cooling rate faciliate informed cryopreservation protocol design and explain mechanisms of damage. However, previous efforts have neglected the interaction between solutes and the encroaching ice front and their effects on the cell state. To address this, here we examine the cryobiologically relevant setting of a spherically-symmetric model of a biological cell separated by a ternary fluid mixture from an encroaching solid-liquid interface. The cell and liquid regions contain cell membrane impermeable intracellular and extracellular salts, respectively, a cell membrane permeable solute commonly used in cryopreservation protocols known as a cryoprotective agent (CPA), and water as a membrane permeable solvent. As cooling and solidification proceed the extracellular chemical environment evolves and leads to mass transport across the cell membrane. Consequently, both the solidification front and the cell membrane are free boundaries whose dynamics are coupled through transport processes in the solid, liquid and cell regions. We describe a numerical procedure to solve this coupled free-boundary problem based on a domain transformation and method of lines approach. We also investigate how the thermal and chemical states inside the cell are influenced by different cooling protocols at the external boundary. Finally, we observe that the previously unaccounted-for partial solute rejection at the advancing solid-liquid interface increases the CPA and salt concentrations in the extracellular liquid as a function of the interface speed and segregation coefficients, suggesting that previous model predictions of the cell state during cryopreservation were inaccurate.
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24
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Golkar E, Rao PP, Joskowicz L, Gangi A, Essert C. GPU-based 3D iceball modeling for fast cryoablation simulation and planning. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2019; 14:1577-1588. [PMID: 31407156 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-019-02051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The elimination of abdominal tumors by percutaneous cryoablation has been shown to be an effective and less invasive alternative to open surgery. Cryoablation destroys malignant cells by freezing them with one or more cryoprobes inserted into the tumor through the skin. Alternating cycles of freezing and thawing produce an enveloping iceball that causes the tumor necrosis. Planning such a procedure is difficult and time-consuming, as it is necessary to plan the number and cryoprobe locations and predict the iceball shape which is also influenced by the presence of heating sources, e.g., major blood vessels and warm saline solution, injected to protect surrounding structures from the cold. METHODS This paper describes a method for fast GPU-based iceball modeling based on the simulation of thermal propagation in the tissue. Our algorithm solves the heat equation within a cube around the cryoprobes tips and accounts for the presence of heating sources around the iceball. RESULTS Experimental results of two studies have been obtained: an ex vivo warm gel setup and simulation on five retrospective patient cases of kidney tumors cryoablation with various levels of complexity of the vascular structure and warm saline solution around the tumor tissue. The experiments have been conducted in various conditions of cube size and algorithm implementations. Results show that it is possible to obtain an accurate result within seconds. CONCLUSION The promising results indicate that our method yields accurate iceball shape predictions in a short time and is suitable for surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Golkar
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pramod P Rao
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Leo Joskowicz
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Afshin Gangi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Khosla K, Zhan L, Bhati A, Carley-Clopton A, Hagedorn M, Bischof J. Characterization of Laser Gold Nanowarming: A Platform for Millimeter-Scale Cryopreservation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7364-7375. [PMID: 30299961 PMCID: PMC6536355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Preventing ice formation during cryopreservation by vitrification has led to the successful storage and banking of numerous cellular- and tissue-based biomaterials. In their breakthrough work, Peter Mazur's group achieved over 90% survival by using a laser warming technique for 100 μm mice oocytes that were cooled in 0.1 μL droplets with 2.3 M CPA and extracellularly loaded India ink (laser absorber). Laser warming can provide rapid and uniform warming rates to "outrun" damaging ice crystal growth. Here we generalize Mazur's technique for microliter-sized droplets using laser nanowarming to rewarm millimeter-scale biomaterials when loaded extracellularly and/or intracellularly with biocompatible 1064 nm resonant gold nanoparticles. First, we show that droplets containing low-concentration cryoprotectants (such as 2 M propylene glycol ± 1 M trehalose) can be rapidly cooled at rates up to 90 000 °C/min by plunging into liquid nitrogen to achieve either a visually transparent state (i.e., vitrified) or a cloudy with ice (i.e., nonvitrified) state. Both modeling and experiments were then used to characterize the laser nanowarming process for different laser energy (2-6 J), pulse length (1-20 ms), droplet volume (0.2-1.8 μL), cryoprotectant (2-3 M), and gold concentration (0.77 × 1017-4.8 × 1017 nps/m3) values to assess physical and biological success. Physical success was achieved by finding conditions that minimize cloudiness and white spots within the droplets during cooling and warming as signs of damaging ice formation and ice crystallization, respectively. Biological success was achieved using human dermal fibroblasts to find conditions that achieve ≥90% cell viability normalized to controls postwarming. Thus, physical and biological success can be achieved using this platform cryopreservation approach of rapid cooling and laser gold nanowarming in millimeter-scale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanav Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
| | - Aditya Bhati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
| | - Aiden Carley-Clopton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20008
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20008
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
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26
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Orjuela-Palacio JM, Graiver N, Santos MV, Zaritzky NE. Effect of the desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation methods on the viability of Citrus limon L. Burm cv. Eureka seeds. Cryobiology 2019; 89:51-59. [PMID: 31078580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of the germplasm for long-term periods is of great importance to maintain the genetic resource. Argentina is one of the world's highest lemon producing country. The performance of different cooling/warming rates in the cryopreservation method of Citrus limon L. Burm cv. Eureka seeds and their influence on the interval of optimal moisture content in the desiccation stage were analyzed. Water sorption isotherm was determined and modeled using D'Arcy & Watt equation; it provided important information concerning the amounts of water associated to strong, weak and multimolecular binding sites along the sorption isotherm. Seeds tolerated a wide range of desiccation conditions (0.1<aw<0.85) showing a high viability (>80%), however desiccation to 0.0526 g H2O g-1 d.b. (aw = 0.0901) produced a significant loss of viability. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to identify the thermal transitions of lipids and water in the seed; enthalpies were used to calculate the unfrozen water fraction (0.19 g H2O g-1 d.b. corresponding to aw = 0.64). Two cooling/warming rates were tested on desiccated seeds (0.11<aw<0.85): i) 200 °C min-1 (reached with seeds placed inside a closed cryogenic vial); ii) 1000 °C min-1 (reached with aluminum-foiled seeds placed in a perforated cryogenic vial). For both methods, viability was maximum (83.3%) at aw = 0.64. Lethal ice formation was responsible for the loss of viability at aw>0.64 corresponding to the unfrozen water fraction. The use of higher cooling/warming rates enables a wider range of desiccation conditions (0.33<aw<0.76) in cryopreservation procedures. This work contributes to the optimization of cryopreservation methods of economically important germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Orjuela-Palacio
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, CIC-PBA, Argentina), Calle 47 y 116 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Graiver
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, CIC-PBA, Argentina), Calle 47 y 116 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Santos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, CIC-PBA, Argentina), Calle 47 y 116 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Ingeniería Química- Facultad de Ingeniería (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina), Calle 1 y 47 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noemí E Zaritzky
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, CIC-PBA, Argentina), Calle 47 y 116 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Ingeniería Química- Facultad de Ingeniería (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina), Calle 1 y 47 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tuchina DK, Bashkatov AN, Genina EA, Tuchin VV. The Effect of Immersion Agents on the Weight and Geometric Parameters of Myocardial Tissue in Vitro. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Bellil M, Saidane A, Bennaoum M. A TLM study of bioheat transfer during freeze-thaw cryosurgery. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aae40e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Wang S, Li L, Su D, Robin K, Brown KA. Patterning Porosity in Hydrogels by Arresting Phase Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34604-34610. [PMID: 30207685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Independent control over phase separation and photo-cross-linking allows the structure and porosity of hydrogels to be patterned in a single photolithographic step. This observation is based upon a temperature-triggered spinodal decomposition of a ternary mixture of water, salt, and polymer into a salt-rich aqueous phase and a polymer-rich phase. Importantly, subsequent exposure to light arrests the phase separation, allowing the porosity state to be frozen in a cross-linked hydrogel network. Tuning the delay between the application of heat and illumination allows the pore size to be tuned between 400 nm and 4 μm. By utilizing gray-scale photomasks, a single process can be used to define regions of pure hydrogel, porous hydrogel with a programmed average pore size, and blank substrate with no hydrogel. In addition to representing a combination of top-down and bottom-up processes that enables the realization of complex samples, the simplicity of this process and the versatility of the resultant patterns could provide a useful capability for the definition of hydrogel samples for the development of advanced biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Deanyone Su
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Kevin Robin
- Edward M. Kennedy Academy for Health Careers , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Keith A Brown
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Physics Department , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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30
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Saxena SN, Barnwal P, Balasubramanian S, Yadav DN, Lal G, Singh KK. Cryogenic grinding for better aroma retention and improved quality of Indian spices and herbs: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Saxena
- Department of Plant Physiology; ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices; Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - P. Barnwal
- Dairy Engineering Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - S. Balasubramanian
- Agricultural Process Engineering; ICAR-Central Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Regional Centre; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. N. Yadav
- Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division; ICAR-Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology; Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - G. Lal
- Department of Plant Physiology; ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices; Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - K. K. Singh
- Director, ICAR-Central Institute for Agricultural Engineering; Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
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31
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Santos MV, Sansinena M, Chirife J, Zaritzky N. Convective heat transfer coefficients of open and closed Cryotop ® systems under different warming conditions. Cryobiology 2018; 84:20-26. [PMID: 30114383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The warming of cryopreserved samples supported by small volume devices is governed by heat transfer phenomena which are mathematically described by the solution of the transient heat conduction partial differential equations; the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is an important parameter involved in the boundary condition which is related to the fluid dynamic behavior at the interface device-warming fluid (water, sucrose solution or air). Unfortunately, h values for small volume devices (i.e. Cryotop®) have not been experimentally determined. Moreover, heat transfer coefficients during warming of Cryotop® cannot be obtained through classical dimensionless correlations expressed in terms of Nusselt vs. Reynolds and Prandtl numbers that are available for regular geometries and single materials. It is the purpose of present work to determine the convective heat transfer coefficients (h) by numerically solving the heat transfer equation applying the finite element method. Numerical simulations allowed to predict time-temperature histories and warming rates under different protocols in Cryotop® system which were compared with literature warming rates reported for this device. The h values were calculated considering the heterogeneous structure of the domain (microdrop, plastic-support) and the irregular three-dimensional geometry. The warming conditions analyzed were: a) open system in contact with air and sucrose solution at 23 °C) and b) closed system in contact with air and water at 23 °C. The h values of the Cryotop® open system immersed in sucrose solution (23 °C), that according to literature achieved a survival in the order of 80%, are in the range of 1800-2200 W/m2K. The h values obtained in this work for warming conditions are critical parameters for cryobiologists when studying heat transfer rate in this small volume device.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Santos
- Depto. de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of La Plata), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (Center of Research and Development of Food Cryotechnology CIDCA, CONICET-UNLP-CIC PBA), Calle 47 y 116, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, 1425, Argentina.
| | - M Sansinena
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University Argentina), C.A.B.A., Argentina, Av. A.M. de Justo, 1500, CABA, C1107AAZ, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, 1425, Argentina
| | - J Chirife
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University Argentina), C.A.B.A., Argentina, Av. A.M. de Justo, 1500, CABA, C1107AAZ, Argentina
| | - N Zaritzky
- Depto. de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of La Plata), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (Center of Research and Development of Food Cryotechnology CIDCA, CONICET-UNLP-CIC PBA), Calle 47 y 116, La Plata, 1900, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, 1425, Argentina
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Phatak S, Natesan H, Choi J, Brockbank KG, Bischof JC. Measurement of Specific Heat and Crystallization in VS55, DP6, and M22 Cryoprotectant Systems With and Without Sucrose. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16:270-277. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Phatak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Harishankar Natesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeunghwan Choi
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kelvin G.M. Brockbank
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, South Carolina
- Tissue Testing Technologies, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John C. Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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33
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Belozerov AG, Berezovsky YM, Zherdev AA, Korolev IA, Pushkarev AV, Agafonkina IV, Tsiganov DI. A Study of the Thermophysical Properties of Human Prostate Tumor Tissues in the Temperature Range from–160 to +40°C. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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In-vitro development of vitrified–warmed bovine oocytes after activation may be predicted based on mathematical modelling of cooling and warming rates during vitrification, storage and sample removal. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:500-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Shi M, Feng S, Zhang X, Ji C, Xu F, Lu TJ. Droplet based vitrification for cell aggregates: Numerical analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:383-393. [PMID: 29656233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell aggregates represent the main format of cells existing in vivo and have been widely used as tissue and disease models in vitro. Nevertheless, the preservation of cell aggregates while maintaining their functionalities for off-the-shelf applications is still challenging. Among various preservation methods, droplet-based vitrification exhibits superior advantages for the cryopreservation of cell aggregates; however, the physical mechanisms underlying droplet-based vitrification of cell aggregate using this method remain elusive. To address this issue, we proposed a voronoi model to construct two-dimensional geometric morphologies of cell aggregates and established a coupled physical model to describe the diffusion, heat transfer and crystallization processes during vitrification. Based on these models, we performed a numerical study on the variation and distribution of cryoprotectant (CPA) concentration, temperature and crystallization in cell aggregates during droplet-based vitrification. The results show that although cell membrane is not an obvious barrier in heat transfer, it affects the diffusion of CPA remarkably as a biologic film and thus the following crystallization in cell aggregates. The effective protection of CPA during vitrification occurs during the initial stage of CPA diffusion, thus a longer CPA loading time does not necessarily lead to significant decrease in crystallization, but rather may induce more toxicity to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shangsheng Feng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Changchun Ji
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Structures and Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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Levenberg A, Shafiei G, Lujan MA, Giannacopoulos S, Picorel R, Zazubovich V. Probing Energy Landscapes of Cytochrome b 6f with Spectral Hole Burning: Effects of Deuterated Solvent and Detergent. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9848-9858. [PMID: 28956922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In non-photochemical spectral hole burning (NPHB) and spectral hole recovery experiments, cytochrome b6f protein exhibits behavior that is almost independent of the deuteration of the buffer/glycerol glassy matrix containing the protein, apart from some differences in heat dissipation. On the other hand, strong dependence of the hole burning properties on sample preparation procedures was observed and attributed to a large increase of the electron-phonon coupling and shortening of the excited-state lifetime occurring when n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside (DM) is used as a detergent instead of n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside (OGP). The data was analyzed assuming that the tunneling parameter distribution or barrier distribution probed by NPHB and encoded into the spectral holes contains contributions from two nonidentical components with accidentally degenerate excited state λ-distributions. Both components likely reflect protein dynamics, although with some small probability one of them (with larger md2) may still represent the dynamics involving specifically the -OH groups of the water/glycerol solvent. Single proton tunneling in the water/glycerol solvent environment or in the protein can be safely excluded as the origin of observed NPHB and hole recovery dynamics. The intensity dependence of the hole growth kinetics in deuterated samples likely reflects differences in heat dissipation between protonated and deuterated samples. These differences are most probably due to the higher interface thermal resistivity between (still protonated) protein and deuterated water/glycerol outside environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levenberg
- Department of Physics, Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Department of Physics, Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maria A Lujan
- Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC) , Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Steven Giannacopoulos
- Department of Physics, Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC) , Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valter Zazubovich
- Department of Physics, Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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How to Decide on Modeling Details: Risk and Benefit Assessment. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 161:153-193. [PMID: 28349263 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical models based on thermodynamic, kinetic, heat, and mass transfer analysis are central to this chapter. Microbial growth, death, enzyme inactivation models, and the modeling of material properties, including those pertinent to conduction and convection heating, mass transfer, such as diffusion and convective mass transfer, and thermodynamic properties, such as specific heat, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of formation and specific chemical exergy are also needed in this task. The origins, simplifying assumptions, and uses of model equations are discussed in this chapter, together with their benefits. The simplified forms of these models are sometimes referred to as "laws," such as "the first law of thermodynamics" or "Fick's second law." Starting to modeling a study with such "laws" without considering the conditions under which they are valid runs the risk of ending up with erronous conclusions. On the other hand, models started with fundamental concepts and simplified with appropriate considerations may offer explanations for the phenomena which may not be obtained just with measurements or unprocessed experimental data. The discussion presented here is strengthened with case studies and references to the literature.
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38
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Natesan H, Bischof JC. Multiscale Thermal Property Measurements for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2669-2691. [PMID: 33418696 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioheat transfer-based innovations in health care include applications such as focal treatments for cancer and cardiovascular disease and the preservation of tissues and organs for transplantation. In these applications, the ability to preserve or destroy a biomaterial is directly dependent on its temperature history. Thus, thermal measurement and modeling are necessary to either avoid or induce the injury required. In this review paper, we will first define and discuss thermal conductivity and calorimetric measurements of biomaterials in the cryogenic (<-40 °C), subzero (<0 °C), hypothermic (<37 °C), and hyperthermic (>37 °C) regimes. For thermal conductivity measurements, we review the use of 3ω and laser flash techniques for measurement of thermal conductivity in thin (1 μm-2 mm thick), anisotropic, and/or multilayered tissues. At the nanoscale, we review the use of pump-probe and scanning probe methods to measure thermal conductivity at short temporal scales (10 ps-100 ns) and spatial scales (1 nm-1 μm), particularly in the coating and surrounding medium around metallic nanoparticles (1 nm-20 nm). For calorimetric techniques, we review differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which is intrinsically at the microscale (e.g., tissue pieces or millions of cells in media). DSC is used with large sample mass (∼3-100 mg) over wide temperature ranges (-180 to 750 °C) with low-temperature scanning rates (<750 °C/min). The need to assess smaller samples at higher rates has led to the development of nanocalorimetry on a silicon based membrane. Here the sample weight is as low as 10 ng, thereby allowing ultra-rapid heating rates (∼1 × 107 C/min). Finally, we discuss various opportunities that are driving the need for new micro- and nanoscale thermal measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Natesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Chan JY, Ooi EH. Sensitivity of thermophysiological models of cryoablation to the thermal and biophysical properties of tissues. Cryobiology 2016; 73:304-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ehrlich LE, Malen JA, Rabin Y. Thermal conductivity of the cryoprotective cocktail DP6 in cryogenic temperatures, in the presence and absence of synthetic ice modulators. Cryobiology 2016; 73:196-202. [PMID: 27471057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of the cryoprotective agent (CPA) cocktail DP6 in combination with synthetic ice modulators (SIMs) is measured in this study, using a transient hot-wire method. DP6 is a mixture of 3 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 3 M propylene glycol, which received significant attention in the cryobiology community in recent years. Tested SIMs include 6% 1,3Cyclohexanediol, 6% 2,3Butanediol, and 12% PEG400 (percentage by volume). This study integrates the scanning cryomacroscope for visual verification of crystallization and vitrification events. It is demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the vitrifying CPA cocktail decreases monotonically with the decreasing temperature down to -180 °C. By contrast, the thermal conductivity of the crystalline material increases with decreasing temperature in the same temperature range. Results of this study demonstrate that the thermal conductivity may vary by three fold between the amorphous and crystalline phases of DP6 below the glass transition temperature of DP6 (Tg = -119 °C). The selected SIMs demonstrate the ability to inhibit crystallization in DP6, even at subcritical cooling rates. An additional ice suppression capability is observed by the Euro-Collins as a vehicle solution, disproportionate to its volume ratio in the cocktail. The implication of the observed thermal conductivity differences between the amorphous and crystalline phases of the same cocktail on cryopreservation simulations is significant in some cases and must be taken into account in thermal analyses of cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili E Ehrlich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yoed Rabin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Yao J, Obara H, Sapkota A, Takei M. Development of three-dimensional integrated microchannel-electrode system to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024105. [PMID: 27042247 PMCID: PMC4798993 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An optical transparent 3-D Integrated Microchannel-Electrode System (3-DIMES) has been developed to understand the particles' movement with electrokinetics in the microchannel. In this system, 40 multilayered electrodes are embedded at the 2 opposite sides along the 5 square cross-sections of the microchannel by using Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems technology in order to achieve the optical transparency at the other 2 opposite sides. The concept of the 3-DIMES is that the particles are driven by electrokinetic forces which are dielectrophoretic force, thermal buoyancy, electrothermal force, and electroosmotic force in a three-dimensional scope by selecting the excitation multilayered electrodes. As a first step to understand the particles' movement driven by electrokinetic forces in high conductive fluid (phosphate buffer saline (PBS)) with the 3-DIMES, the velocities of particles' movement with one pair of the electrodes are measured three dimensionally by Particle Image Velocimetry technique in PBS; meanwhile, low conductive fluid (deionized water) is used as a reference. Then, the particles' movement driven by the electrokinetic forces is discussed theoretically to estimate dominant forces exerting on the particles. Finally, from the theoretical estimation, the particles' movement mainly results from the dominant forces which are thermal buoyancy and electrothermal force, while the velocity vortex formed at the 2 edges of the electrodes is because of the electroosmotic force. The conclusions suggest that the 3-DIMES with PBS as high conductive fluid helps to understand the three-dimensional advantageous flow structures for cell manipulation in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - H Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - A Sapkota
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Kisarazu College, Chiba 292-0041, Japan
| | - M Takei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba 263-0022, Japan
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42
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A Micro-Thermal Sensor for Focal Therapy Applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21395. [PMID: 26916460 PMCID: PMC4768245 DOI: 10.1038/srep21395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for sensors deployed during focal therapies to inform treatment planning and in vivo monitoring in thin tissues. Specifically, the measurement of thermal properties, cooling surface contact, tissue thickness, blood flow and phase change with mm to sub mm accuracy are needed. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that a micro-thermal sensor based on the supported "3ω" technique can achieve this in vitro under idealized conditions in 0.5 to 2 mm thick tissues relevant to cryoablation of the pulmonary vein (PV). To begin with "3ω" sensors were microfabricated onto flat glass as an idealization of a focal probe surface. The sensor was then used to make new measurements of 'k' (W/m.K) of porcine PV, esophagus, and phrenic nerve, all needed for PV cryoabalation treatment planning. Further, by modifying the sensor use from traditional to dynamic mode new measurements related to tissue vs. fluid (i.e. water) contact, fluid flow conditions, tissue thickness, and phase change were made. In summary, the in vitro idealized system data presented is promising and warrants future work to integrate and test supported "3ω" sensors on in vivo deployed focal therapy probe surfaces (i.e. balloons or catheters).
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Ghodki BM, Goswami T. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Black Pepper at Different Temperatures. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra M Ghodki
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 India
| | - T.K. Goswami
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 India
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He ZZ, Liu J. An efficient thermal evolution model for cryoablation with arbitrary multi-cryoprobe configuration. Cryobiology 2015; 71:318-28. [PMID: 26256654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryoablation has been demonstrated powerful in treating of a variety of diseases, especially for the tumor ablation, which destroys the target tissue through the controlled freezing of cryoprobe. The prediction of temperature evolution during cryoablation is of great importance for developing and improving clinical procedure. This paper presented an efficient thermal model to characterize the freezing effect of cryoprobe with arbitrary layout including its size, orientation and number. The key step of the presented model is to establish a boundary heat source method to implicitly characterize the heat transfer from cryoprobe with fixed temperature or convective heat transfer boundary condition, which is furthermore incorporated to a fast parallel alternating direction explicit (PADE) finite difference method for computation acceleration. A novel dynamical and conformal computational region is designed through the shortest distance definition to balance the thermal effect of tissue and computational efficiency. The detailed test cases including a real head tissue demonstrated that the current model can accurately predict the temperature field evolution induced by arbitrary multi-cryoprobe configuration, and achieve significant computational ability due to allowable large time step (100-fold compared with the explicit finite difference method), compact computational region (at least reducing 40% number of voxels) and high parallel efficiency (speedup ratio about 8 for 12 threads) for complex tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhu He
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Starzonek S, Rzoska SJ, Drozd-Rzoska A, Pawlus S, Biała E, Martinez-Garcia JC, Kistersky L. Fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein behaviour in an ultraviscous nanocolloid: glycerol and silver nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5554-5562. [PMID: 26067719 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the major features of glass forming ultraviscous liquids is the decoupling between translational and orientational dynamics. This paper presents studies of this phenomenon in glycerol, an accepted molecular glass former, concentrating on the impact of two exogenic factors: high pressures (P) up to the extreme 1.5 GPa and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). The analysis is focused on the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein (FDSE) relationship: σ(T,P)(τ(T,P))(S) = const, linking DC electric conductivity (σ) and primary (alpha, structural) relaxation time (τα). In glycerol and its nanocolloid (glycerol + Ag NPs) at atmospheric pressure only negligible decoupling (S ∼ 1) was detected. However, in the compressed nanocolloid, a well-defined transformation (at P = 1.2 GPa) from S ∼ 1 to the very strongly decoupled dynamics (S ∼ 0.5) occurred. For comparison, in pressurized 'pure' glycerol the stretched shift from S ∼ 1 to S ∼ 0.7 took place. This paper also presents the general discussion of FDSE behavior in ultraviscous liquids, including the new link between the FDSE exponent, fragility and the apparent activation enthalpy and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Starzonek
- Silesian Intercollegiate Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research & Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
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Liang XM, Sekar PK, Zhao G, Zhou X, Shu Z, Huang Z, Ding W, Zhang Q, Gao D. High accuracy thermal conductivity measurement of aqueous cryoprotective agents and semi-rigid biological tissues using a microfabricated thermal sensor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10377. [PMID: 25993037 PMCID: PMC4438607 DOI: 10.1038/srep10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved thermal-needle approach for accurate and fast measurement of thermal conductivity of aqueous and soft biomaterials was developed using microfabricated thermal conductivity sensors. This microscopic measuring device was comprehensively characterized at temperatures from 0 °C to 40 °C. Despite the previous belief, system calibration constant was observed to be highly temperature-dependent. Dynamic thermal conductivity response during cooling (40 °C to -40 °C) was observed using the miniaturized single tip sensor for various concentrations of CPAs, i.e., glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Chicken breast, chicken skin, porcine limb, and bovine liver were assayed to investigate the effect of anatomical heterogeneity on thermal conductivity using the arrayed multi-tip sensor at 20 °C. Experimental results revealed distinctive differences in localized thermal conductivity, which suggests the use of approximated or constant property values is expected to bring about results with largely inflated uncertainties when investigating bio-heat transfer mechanisms and/or performing sophisticated thermal modeling with complex biological tissues. Overall, the presented micro thermal sensor with automated data analysis algorithm is a promising approach for direct thermal conductivity measurement of aqueous solutions and soft biomaterials and is of great value to cryopreservation of tissues, hyperthermia or cryogenic, and other thermal-based clinical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin M Liang
- 1] Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China [2] USTC Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA [4] CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Praveen K Sekar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- School of Mechanical, Electronic, and Industrial Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhongping Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| | - Weiping Ding
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Ehrlich LE, Feig JSG, Schiffres SN, Malen JA, Rabin Y. Large Thermal Conductivity Differences between the Crystalline and Vitrified States of DMSO with Applications to Cryopreservation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125862. [PMID: 25985058 PMCID: PMC4436132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal conductivity of dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) solution is measured in this study using a transient hot wire technique, where DMSO is a key ingredient in many cryoprotective agent (CPA) cocktails. Characterization of thermal properties of cryoprotective agents is essential to the analysis of cryopreservation processes, either when evaluating experimental data or for the design of new protocols. Also presented are reference measurements of thermal conductivity for pure water ice and glycerol. The thermal conductivity measurement setup is integrated into the experimentation stage of a scanning cryomacroscope apparatus, which facilitates the correlation of measured data with visualization of physical events. Thermal conductivity measurements were conducted for a DMSO concentration range of 2M and 10M, in a temperature range of -180°C and 25°C. Vitrified samples showed decreased thermal conductivity with decreasing temperature, while crystalline samples showed increased thermal conductivity with decreasing temperature. These different behaviors result in up to a tenfold difference in thermal conductivity at -180°C. Such dramatic differences can drastically impact heat transfer during cryopreservation and their quantification is therefore critical to cryobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili E. Ehrlich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Justin S. G. Feig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Scott N. Schiffres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Yoed Rabin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kirichek O, Soper A, Dzyuba B, Callear S, Fuller B. Strong isotope effects on melting dynamics and ice crystallisation processes in cryo vitrification solutions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120611. [PMID: 25815751 PMCID: PMC4376522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of crystalline ice during cooling, and further crystallization processes during re-warming are considered to be key processes determining the success of low temperature storage of biological objects, as used in medical, agricultural and nature conservation applications. To avoid these problems a method, termed vitrification, is being developed to inhibit ice formation by use of high concentration of cryoprotectants and ultra-rapid cooling, but this is only successful across a limited number of biological objects and in small volume applications. This study explores physical processes of ice crystal formation in a model cryoprotective solution used previously in trials on vitrification of complex biological systems, to improve our understanding of the process and identify limiting biophysical factors. Here we present results of neutron scattering experiments which show that even if ice crystal formation has been suppressed during quench cooling, the water molecules, mobilised during warming, can crystallise as detectable ice. The crystallisation happens right after melting of the glass phase formed during quench cooling, whilst the sample is still transiting deep cryogenic temperatures. We also observe strong water isotope effects on ice crystallisation processes in the cryoprotectant mixture. In the neutron scattering experiment with a fully protiated water component, we observe ready crystallisation occurring just after the glass melting transition. On the contrary with a fully deuteriated water component, the process of crystallisation is either completely or substantially supressed. This behaviour might be explained by nuclear quantum effects in water. The strong isotope effect, observed here, may play an important role in development of new cryopreservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kirichek
- ISIS facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alan Soper
- ISIS facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Dzyuba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sam Callear
- ISIS facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgery & Liver Transplant Unit, University College London, UCL Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Shaikh AMAG, Srivastava A, Atrey MD. Next generation design, development, and evaluation of cryoprobes for minimally invasive surgery and solid cancer therapeutics: in silico and computational studies. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:131-44. [PMID: 25683889 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryosurgery is a widely regarded minimally invasive surgery for treatment of various types of cancers. It involves destruction of cancer cells within a limited spatial domain by exposing them to very low temperatures while minimizing injury to surrounding peripheral healthy tissues. Surprisingly, despite increasing demands for cryosurgery, there has been limited innovation in the design of cryoprobes, particularly in solid tumors (e.g., breast, prostate, and lung cancers). For advances in cancer therapeutics, integrative biology research can illuminate the mechanistic interface between a surgical cryoprobe and its tissue site of action. Here, we describe the design and development of three novel low pressure liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryoprobes with different physical dimensions and the parameters that determine their effectiveness experimentally, using water and bio-gel as the phase changing mediums. Smaller diameter low pressure probes produced lesser cryogenic injury. Vapor Separator is found to be an effective means (particularly for smaller diameter probes) to remove the vapor lock in the LN2 low pressure cryoprobes and also to reduce the precooling time. The low pressure LN2 cryoprobes produced lower probe temperatures and consequently larger and faster iceball growth for low cooling loads. Additionally, a numerical code was written in MATLAB based on the Enthalpy method to simulate the bio-heat transfer in a cryosurgical process. The numerical code is validated by analytical solution, laboratory experiments, and data from an in vivo cryosurgery. The developed numerical code is presented herein to illustrate that LN2 cryoprobes capable of producing lower probe temperatures produce more efficient cryosurgical operation by reducing the buffer zone and duration of surgery.This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on design of the next generation of LN2 surgical cryoprobes. These new surgical cryoprobes offer potentials for future preclinical and clinical testing in solid cancers.
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50
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Lubner SD, Choi J, Wehmeyer G, Waag B, Mishra V, Natesan H, Bischof JC, Dames C. Reusable bi-directional 3ω sensor to measure thermal conductivity of 100-μm thick biological tissues. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:014905. [PMID: 25638111 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the thermal conductivity (k) of biological tissues is important for cryopreservation, thermal ablation, and cryosurgery. Here, we adapt the 3ω method-widely used for rigid, inorganic solids-as a reusable sensor to measure k of soft biological samples two orders of magnitude thinner than conventional tissue characterization methods. Analytical and numerical studies quantify the error of the commonly used "boundary mismatch approximation" of the bi-directional 3ω geometry, confirm that the generalized slope method is exact in the low-frequency limit, and bound its error for finite frequencies. The bi-directional 3ω measurement device is validated using control experiments to within ±2% (liquid water, standard deviation) and ±5% (ice). Measurements of mouse liver cover a temperature ranging from -69 °C to +33 °C. The liver results are independent of sample thicknesses from 3 mm down to 100 μm and agree with available literature for non-mouse liver to within the measurement scatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Lubner
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jeunghwan Choi
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Geoff Wehmeyer
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bastian Waag
- Mechanical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Harishankar Natesan
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Chris Dames
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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