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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Solubility-enabling formulations for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: considering the solubility-permeability interplay for accelerated formulation development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:13-29. [PMID: 38124383 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2298247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tackling low water solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge in today's pharmaceutics/biopharmaceutics, especially by means of modern solubility-enabling formulations. However, drug absorption from these formulations oftentimes remains unchanged or even decreases, despite substantial solubility enhancement. AREAS COVERED In this article, we overview the simultaneous effects of the formulation on the solubility and the apparent permeability of the drug, and analyze the contribution of this solubility-permeability interplay to the success/failure of the formulation to increase the overall absorption and bioavailability. Three different patterns of interplay were identified: (1) solubility-permeability tradeoff in which every solubility gain comes with a price of concomitant permeability loss; (2) an advantageous interplay pattern in which the permeability remains unchanged alongside the solubility gain; and (3) an optimal interplay pattern in which the formulation increases both the solubility and the permeability. Passive vs. active intestinal permeability considerations in the context of the solubility-permeability interplay are also thoroughly discussed. EXPERT OPINION The solubility-permeability interplay pattern of a given formulation has a critical effect on its overall success/failure, and hence, taking into account both parameters in solubility-enabling formulation development is prudent and highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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2
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Kumar P, Yadav N, Chaudhary B, Umakanthan S, Chattu VK, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alzarea SI, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Gupta G, Gupta MM. Lipid Nanocapsule: A Novel Approach to Drug Delivery System Formulation Development. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:268-284. [PMID: 37231750 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230523114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanocapsules are polymeric nanoparticles encased in a polymeric coating composed of a predominantly non-ionic surfactant, macromolecules, phospholipids, and an oil core. Lipophilic drugs have been entrapped using various nanocarriers, including lipid cores, likely lipid nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, and others. A phase inversion temperature approach is used to create lipid nanocapsules. The PEG (polyethyleneglycol) is primarily utilised to produce nanocapsules and is a critical parameter influencing capsule residence time. With their broad drug-loading features, lipid nanocapsules have a distinct advantage in drug delivery systems, such as the capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic or lipophilic pharmaceuticals. Lipid nanocapsules, as detailed in this review, are surface modified, contain target-specific patterns, and have stable physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, lipid nanocapsules have target-specific delivery and are commonly employed as a marker in the diagnosis of numerous illnesses. This review focuses on nanocapsule synthesis, characterisation, and application, which will help understand the unique features of nanocapsules and their application in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Shri Ram College of Pharmacy, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Nishant Yadav
- B. S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Benu Chaudhary
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Srikant Umakanthan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, WI
| | - Vijay K Chattu
- Department of OS & OT, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Center for Technology and Innovations, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada Inc. (GHRIC), ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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3
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Li P, Li B. Evaluation of Intestinal Drug Absorption and Interaction Using Quadruple Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3218-3227. [PMID: 36725694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Visualization and characterization of the intestinal membrane transporter-mediated drug absorption and interaction are challenging due to the complex physical and chemical environment. In this work, an integrated strategy was developed for in situ visualization and assessment of the drug absorption and interaction in rat intestines using quadruple single-pass intestinal perfusion (Q-SPIP) technique coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). Compared with the traditional SPIP only available for perfusion of one single intestinal segment, the Q-SPIP model can simultaneously perfuse four individual segments of each rat intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon), enabling to obtain rich data from one rat. Subsequently, the drug distribution and absorption in rat intestinal tissue were accurately visualized by using an optimized MALDI MSI approach. The utility and versatility of this strategy were demonstrated via the examination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated intestinal absorption of berberine (BBR) and its combination with natural products possessing inhibitory potency against P-gp. The change in the spatial distribution of BBR was resolved, and MALDI results showed that the signal intensity of BBR in defined regions was enhanced following coperfusion with P-gp inhibitors. However, enhanced absorption of BBR after coperfusion with the P-gp inhibitor was not observed in the ulcerative colitis rat model, which may be due to the damage to the intestinal barrier. This study exemplifies the availability and utility of Q-SPIP coupled with MALDI MSI in the examination of transporter-mediated intestinal drug absorption and interaction for fundamental inquiries into the preclinical prediction of oral absorption and drug interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuejie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Stalder T, Zaiter T, El-Basset W, Cornu R, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier. Toxicology 2022; 481:153353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Martinec O, Biel C, de Graaf IAM, Huliciak M, de Jong KP, Staud F, Cecka F, Olinga P, Vokral I, Cerveny L. Rifampicin Induces Gene, Protein, and Activity of P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) in Human Precision-Cut Intestinal Slices. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684156. [PMID: 34177592 PMCID: PMC8220149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter, limits intestinal absorption of its substrates and is a common site of drug–drug interactions. Drug-mediated induction of intestinal ABCB1 is a clinically relevant phenomenon associated with significantly decreased drug bioavailability. Currently, there are no well-established human models for evaluating its induction, so drug regulatory authorities provide no recommendations for in vitro/ex vivo testing drugs’ ABCB1-inducing activity. Human precision-cut intestinal slices (hPCISs) contain cells in their natural environment and express physiological levels of nuclear factors required for ABCB1 induction. We found that hPCISs incubated in William’s Medium E for 48 h maintained intact morphology, ATP content, and ABCB1 efflux activity. Here, we asked whether rifampicin (a model ligand of pregnane X receptor, PXR), at 30 μM, induces functional expression of ABCB1 in hPCISs over 24- and 48-h incubation (the time to allow complete induction to occur). Rifampicin significantly increased gene expression, protein levels, and efflux activity of ABCB1. Moreover, we described dynamic changes in ABCB1 transcript levels in hPCISs over 48 h incubation. We also observed that peaks of induction are achieved among donors at different times, and the extent of ABCB1 gene induction is proportional to PXR mRNA levels in the intestine. In conclusion, we showed that hPCISs incubated in conditions comparable to those used for inhibition studies can be used to evaluate drugs’ ABCB1-inducing potency in the human intestine. Thus, hPCISs may be valuable experimental tools that can be prospectively used in complex experimental evaluation of drug–drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Martinec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Carin Biel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Graduate School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Huliciak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Filip Cecka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ivan Vokral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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6
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Naeem A, Ming Y, Pengyi H, Jie KY, Yali L, Haiyan Z, Shuai X, Wenjing L, Ling W, Xia ZM, Shan LS, Qin Z. The fate of flavonoids after oral administration: a comprehensive overview of its bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6169-6186. [PMID: 33847202 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1898333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in synthetic chemistry, nature remains the primary source of drug discovery, and this never-ending task of finding novel and active drug molecules will continue. Flavonoids have been shown to possess highly significant therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, etc., However, it has been found that orally administered flavonoids have a critical absorption disorder and, therefore, have low bioavailability and show fluctuating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. A detailed investigation is required to assess and analyze the variation in the bioavailability of flavonoids due to interactions with the intestinal barrier. This review will emphasize on the bioavailability and the pharmacological applications of flavonoids, key factors affecting their bioavailability, and strategies for enhancing bioavailability, which may lead to deeper understanding of the extent of flavonoids as a treatment and/or prevention for different diseases in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hu Pengyi
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kang Yong Jie
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Liu Yali
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhang Haiyan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Shuai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Wenjing
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wu Ling
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhang Ming Xia
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Shan Shan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Kanaani H, Azarmi Y, Dastmalchi S, Zarei O, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M. Investigation of intestinal transportation of peptide-displaying bacteriophage particles using phage display method. J Pept Sci 2020; 27:e3292. [PMID: 33200451 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether peptide sequences with specific translocation across the gastrointestinal barrier can be identified as drug delivery vehicles, in vivo phage display was conducted. For this purpose, a random library of 12-mer peptides displayed on M13 bacteriophage was orally administered to mice followed by recovery of the phage particles from the blood samples after three consecutive biopanning rounds. The obtained peptide sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics tools and software. The results demonstrated that M13 bacteriophage bearing peptides translocate nonspecifically across the mice intestinal mucosal barrier deduced from random distribution of amino acids in different positions of the identified peptide sequences. The most probable reason for entering the phage particles into systemic circulation after oral administration of the peptide library can be related to the nanoscale nature of their structures which provides a satisfying platform for the purpose of designing nanocarriers in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Kanaani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Azarmi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Zarei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Colloidal properties of self-assembled cationic hyperbranched-polyethyleneimine covered poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles: Exploring modified release and cell delivery of methotrexate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Oxygenated xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators at the intestinal barrier: in vitro and docking studies. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Gil-Martins E, Barbosa DJ, Silva V, Remião F, Silva R. Dysfunction of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier: Role in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107554. [PMID: 32320731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters represent one of the largest and most diverse superfamily of proteins in living species, playing an important role in many biological processes such as cell homeostasis, cell signaling, drug metabolism and nutrient uptake. Moreover, using the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis, they mediate the efflux of endogenous and exogenous substrates from inside the cells, thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation. At present, 48 ABC transporters have been identified in humans, which were classified into 7 different subfamilies (A to G) according to their phylogenetic analysis. Nevertheless, the most studied members with importance in drug therapeutic efficacy and toxicity include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABCB subfamily, the multidrug-associated proteins (MPRs), members of the ABCC subfamily, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ABCG subfamily. They exhibit ubiquitous expression throughout the human body, with a special relevance in barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). At this level, they play a physiological function in tissue protection by reducing or limiting the brain accumulation of neurotoxins. Furthermore, dysfunction of ABC transporters, at expression and/or activity level, has been associated with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, these transporters are strikingly associated with the pharmacoresistance to central nervous system (CNS) acting drugs, because they contribute to the decrease in drug bioavailability. This article reviews the signaling pathways that regulate the expression and activity of P-gp, BCRP and MRPs subfamilies of transporters, with particular attention at the BBB level, and their mis-regulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Shi B, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Jia P, Bian L, Zheng X. Effect of co-administration of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on pharmacokinetic fate of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2349-2362. [PMID: 32222035 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A combination of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma has been widely used as the herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine to treat stroke, migraine, and epilepsy. However, the underlying synergistic mechanism of the herb pair remains unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on the pharmacokinetic parameters of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat, and in vitro absorption behavior of the three compounds using rat everted gut sac, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion, and Caco-2 cell monolayer models. The pharmacokinetic study exhibited clear changes in the key pharmacokinetic parameters of the three main coumarins through co-administering with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (50 mg/kg), the area under curve and the maximum plasma concentration of xanthotoxol increased 1.36 and 1.31 times; the area under curve, the maximum plasma concentration, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and the time to reach peak concentration of oxypeucedanin hydrate increased by 1.35, 1.18, 1.24, 1.19 and 1.49 times, respectively; the area under curve, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and time to reach peak concentration of byakangelicin climbed 1.29, 1.27, 1.37, and 1.28 times, respectively. The three coumarin components were absorbed well in the jejunum and ileum in the intestinal perfusion model, when co-administered with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (100 μg/mL). The in vivo and in vitro experiments showed good relevance and consistency. The results demonstrated that the three coumarin compounds from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix were absorbed through the active transportation, and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil could promote the intestinal absorption and transport of these compounds by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baimei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.,District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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12
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Jin Y, Liu Q, Zhou C, Hu X, Wang L, Han S, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Intestinal oligopeptide transporter PepT1-targeted polymeric micelles for further enhancing the oral absorption of water-insoluble agents. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21433-21448. [PMID: 31681915 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the main barrier for nanocarriers to orally deliver poorly water-soluble and absorbed agents. To further improve the transmembrane transport efficiency of polymeric micelles, intestinal oligopeptide transporter PepT1-targeted polymeric micelles were fabricated by Gly-Sar-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid). The functionalized polymeric micelles with about 40 nm diameter, uniform spherical morphology and favorable cytocompatibility with Caco-2 cells were demonstrated to distinctly enhance the cellular uptake and transmembrane transport of the loaded agents. The results of intestinal absorption strongly evidenced the higher accumulation of the micelles inside the epithelial cells, at the apical and basolateral sides of the epithelium within the villi in mice. Furthermore, the interaction of Gly-Sar decorated polymeric micelles with PepT1 was explored to promote the internalization of the micelles through fluorescence immunoassay, and the PepT1 level on the membrane of Caco-2 cells treated with the micelles appeared to change in a distinctly time-dependent manner. Both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated pathways were involved in the transcellular transport for undecorated polymeric micelles, while the transcellular transport pathway for Gly-Sar decorated ones was changed to be mainly mediated by clathrin and lipid rafts. The colocalization of Gly-Sar decorated micelles with the organelles observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that late endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus appeared to participate in the intracellular trafficking progression of the micelles. These results suggested that PepT1-targeted polymeric micelles might have a strong potential to greatly promote the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble and absorbed agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chuhang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Leqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shidi Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Anti-HIV and Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Drugs Inhibit P-Glycoprotein Efflux Activity in Caco-2 Cells and Precision-Cut Rat and Human Intestinal Slices. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00910-19. [PMID: 31481446 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00910-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), an ATP-binding-cassette efflux transporter, limits intestinal absorption of its substrates and is a common site of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). ABCB1 has been suggested to interact with many antivirals used to treat HIV and/or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Using bidirectional transport experiments in Caco-2 cells and a recently established ex vivo model of accumulation in precision-cut intestinal slices (PCIS) prepared from rat ileum or human jejunum, we evaluated the potential of anti-HIV and anti-HCV antivirals to inhibit intestinal ABCB1. Lopinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, maraviroc, ledipasvir, and daclatasvir inhibited the efflux of a model ABCB1 substrate, rhodamine 123 (RHD123), in Caco-2 cells and rat-derived PCIS. Lopinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and atazanavir also significantly inhibited RHD123 efflux in human-derived PCIS, while possible interindividual variability was observed in the inhibition of intestinal ABCB1 by maraviroc, ledipasvir, and daclatasvir. Abacavir, zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, etravirine, and rilpivirine did not inhibit intestinal ABCB1. In conclusion, using recently established ex vivo methods for measuring drug accumulation in rat- and human-derived PCIS, we have demonstrated that some antivirals have a high potential for DDIs on intestinal ABCB1. Our data help clarify the molecular mechanisms responsible for reported increases in the bioavailability of ABCB1 substrates, including antivirals and drugs prescribed to treat comorbidity. These results could help guide the selection of combination pharmacotherapies and/or suitable dosing schemes for patients infected with HIV and/or HCV.
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Fu G, Huang X, Qin B, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhao S, Zhou J, Fang W. Effects of emodin on ABC transporter gene expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) exposed to diazinon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219866. [PMID: 31365567 PMCID: PMC6668774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes in grass carp treated with emodin combined with diazinon (DZN) exposure. The transcription levels of five ABC transporter genes in different tissues of grass carp and at different time points were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The analysis of different tissues showed higher ABCB1 expression in the skin (26-fold) and gill (2-fold) than in the liver. In addition, ABCB11 expression was higher in the skin (109-fold) and gill (57-fold) than in the liver, ABCC1 was more highly expressed in the gill (50-fold) than in the liver, and ABCG2 was expressed at higher levels in the skin (659-fold, p < 0.01), gill (628-fold, p < 0.01) and liver (659-fold, p < 0.01) than in brain tissue. The analysis of different time points revealed that the ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 genes were highly expressed at 24 h in the liver in the experimental group. However, analysis of the intestinal tissue of the experimental group showed that the expression of ABCB1 and ABCB11 peaked at 6 h, the expression of ABCC1 and ABCC2 peaked at 5 d, and the expression of ABCG2 peaked at 3 d. Furthermore, the emodin concentrations in the liver and intestine reached their peak levels (50.18 and 117.24 μg·ml−1, respectively) after 48 and 1 h of treatment with emodin combined with DZN, respectively. The peak DZN concentrations in the liver (1.42 ng·ml−1) and intestine (0.2 ng·ml−1) were detected 3 and 6 h after emodin treatment combined with DZN, respectively. In conclusion, this study shows that the transcript levels of ABC transporters respond to the presence of emodin, which indicates their potential involvement in and contribution with the metabolic process in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Fu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Xu ZY, Li JL. Comparative review of drug-drug interactions with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5467-5484. [PMID: 31371986 PMCID: PMC6636179 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has revolutionized the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because these drugs are commonly used in combination with other types of medication, the risk of clinically significant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) is an important consideration, especially for patients using multiple drugs for coexisting medical conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for clinically important DDIs when considering therapeutic options for individual patients. In this article, we describe the main mechanisms underlying DDIs with the EGFR-TKIs that are currently approved for the treatment of NSCLC, and, specifically, the potential for interactions mediated via effects on gastrointestinal pH, cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase, and transporter proteins. We review evidence of such DDIs with the currently approved EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, osimertinib, and icotinib) and discuss several information sources that are available online to aid clinical decision-making. We conclude by summarizing the most clinically relevant DDIs with these EFGR-TKIs and provide recommendations for managing, minimizing, or avoiding DDIs with the different agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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17
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dos Santos Silva AM, de Caland LB, de Melo Doro PN, de S. L. Oliveira ALC, de Araújo-Júnior RF, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, do Egito EST, da Silva-Junior AA. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric benznidazole-loaded nanoparticles: Physicochemical properties and in vitro antitumor efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Self-Assembled Benznidazole-Loaded Cationic Nanoparticles Containing Cholesterol/Sialic Acid: Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Drug Release and In Vitro Anticancer Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092350. [PMID: 31083590 PMCID: PMC6539689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have the ability to overcome biological membranes, leading to improved efficacy of anticancer drugs. The modulation of the particle-cell interaction is desired to control this effect and avoid toxicity to normal cells. In this study, we explored the surface functionalization of cationic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) NPs with two natural compounds, sialic acid (SA) and cholesterol (Chol). The performance of benznidazole (BNZ) was assessed in vitro in the normal renal cell line (HEK-293) and three human cancer cell lines, as follows: human colorectal cancer (HT-29), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2). The structural properties and feasibility of NPs were evaluated and the changes induced by SA and Chol were determined by using multiple analytical approaches. Small (<200 nm) spherical NPs, with a narrow size distribution and high drug-loading efficiency were prepared by using a simple and reproducible emulsification solvent evaporation method. The drug interactions in the different self-assembled NPs were assessed by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. All formulations exhibited a slow drug-release profile and physical stability for more than 6 weeks. Both SA and Chol changed the kinetic properties of NPs and the anticancer efficacy. The feasibility and potential of SA/Chol-functionalized NPs has been demonstrated in vitro in the HEK-293, HepG2, HeLa, and HT-29 cell lines as a promising system for the delivery of BNZ.
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19
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Zhang L, Liu X, Yang H, Zhao R, Liu C, Zhang R, Zhang Q. Comparative pharmacokinetic study on phenolic acids and flavonoids in spinal cord injury rats plasma by UPLC-MS/MS after single and combined oral administration of danshen and huangqin extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:103-112. [PMID: 31029799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicinal herbs danshen and huangqin have attracted attention in spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 4 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids in SCI rat plasma after orally administrate danshen, huangqin and combined extract of these two herbs (CDH). Thus, a rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneously quantitative determination of tanshinol, protocatechualdehyde, protocatechuic acid, salvianolic acid A, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and wogonoside. After inducing a contusion injury by a weight-drop device, SCI rats were orally administrated a single dose (12.5 g/kg) of danshen, huangqin and CDH extracts, respectively. Then, blood samples at different time points were collected and analyzed. In CDH group, Cmax and AUC of tanshinol, protocatechualdehyde and protocatechuic acid significantly declined, while those of salvianolic acid A enhanced. These changes were beneficial for danshen to treat SCI. As for flavonoids, double peaks were observed in huangqin group, while this phenomenon disappeared in CDH group. Concomitantly, Cmax and AUC declined after administrated CDH. These alterations were due to influence of danshen active constituents on absorption and transportation process of flavonoids. Therefore, danshen and huangqin significantly influenced pharmacokinetic profile and parameters of each other, thus exert synergistic therapeutic effect in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xifang Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine orthopaedic, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ciucui Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
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20
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Dietary fibers inhibit obesity in mice, but host responses in the cecum and liver appear unrelated to fiber-specific changes in cecal bacterial taxonomic composition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15566. [PMID: 30349136 PMCID: PMC6197265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DF) can prevent obesity in rodents fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Their mode of action is not fully elucidated, but the gut microbiota have been implicated. This study aimed to identify the effects of seven dietary fibers (barley beta-glucan, apple pectin, inulin, inulin acetate ester, inulin propionate ester, inulin butyrate ester or a combination of inulin propionate ester and inulin butyrate ester) effective in preventing diet-induced obesity and links to differences in cecal bacteria and host gene expression. Mice (n = 12) were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD or a HFD supplemented with the DFs, barley beta-glucan, apple pectin, inulin, inulin acetate ester, inulin propionate ester, inulin butyrate ester or a combination of inulin propionate ester and inulin butyrate ester for 8 weeks. Cecal bacteria were determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Host responses, body composition, metabolic markers and gene transcription (cecum and liver) were assessed post intervention. HFD mice showed increased adiposity, while all of the DFs prevented weight gain. DF specific differences in cecal bacteria were observed. Results indicate that diverse DFs prevent weight gain on a HFD, despite giving rise to different cecal bacteria profiles. Conversely, common host responses to dietary fiber observed are predicted to be important in improving barrier function and genome stability in the gut, maintaining energy homeostasis and reducing HFD induced inflammatory responses in the liver.
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21
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Tang J, Fang Q, Shao R, Shen J, He J, Niu D, Lu L. Digital gene-expression profiling analysis of the fatty liver of Landes geese fed different supplemental oils. Gene 2018; 673:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Morcillo P, Esteban MA, Cuesta A. Metal detoxification in the marine teleost fish Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:835-840. [PMID: 30041384 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been evaluated in cell lines and primary cultures from gilthead seabream and European sea bass teleost fish exposed to methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic, cadmium or lead. The mRNA expression levels showed abcb1, abcc2 and abcc5 constitutive gene expression in all seabream tissues analyzed; however, we were unable to detect any constitutive transcription of abcb1 in many of the sea bass tissues. Furthermore, ABC mRNA expression levels were all affected by metal exposure, especially in the case of fish cell lines and erythrocytes, and greatly depended on cell type and fish species. Thus, while ABC transcription was up-regulated in the seabream cell line it was down-regulated in the sea bass cell line, while the opposite occurred in the primary cultures. All these data point to the importance of ABC transporters in metal detoxification and in the differential regulation in seabream and sea bass cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer, 209, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - María A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Porat D, Dahan A. Active intestinal drug absorption and the solubility-permeability interplay. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:84-93. [PMID: 29102702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The solubility-permeability interplay deals with the question: what is the concomitant effect on the drug's apparent permeability when increasing the apparent solubility with a solubility-enabling formulation? The solubility and the permeability are closely related, exhibit certain interplay between them, and ongoing research throughout the past decade shows that treating the one irrespectively of the other may be insufficient. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the solubility-permeability interplay when using solubility-enabling formulations for oral lipophilic drugs, highlighting active permeability aspects. A solubility-enabling formulation may affect the permeability in opposite directions; the passive permeability may decrease as a result of the apparent solubility increase, according to the solubility-permeability tradeoff, but at the same time, certain components of the formulation may inhibit/saturate efflux transporters (when relevant), resulting in significant apparent permeability increase. In these cases, excipients with both solubilizing and e.g. P-gp inhibitory properties may lead to concomitant increase of both the solubility and the permeability. Intelligent development of such formulation will account for the simultaneous effects of the excipients' nature/concentrations on the two arms composing the overall permeability: the passive and the active arms. Overall, thorough mechanistic understanding of the various factors involved in the solubility-permeability interplay may allow developing better solubility-enabling formulations, thereby exploiting the advantages analyzed in this article, offering oral delivery solution even for BCS class IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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24
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Stewart FR, Qiu Y, Lay HS, Newton IP, Cox BF, Al-Rawhani MA, Beeley J, Liu Y, Huang Z, Cumming DRS, Näthke I, Cochran S. Acoustic Sensing and Ultrasonic Drug Delivery in Multimodal Theranostic Capsule Endoscopy. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071553. [PMID: 28671642 PMCID: PMC5539857 DOI: 10.3390/s17071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is now a clinically accepted diagnostic modality in which miniaturized technology, an on-board power supply and wireless telemetry stand as technological foundations for other capsule endoscopy (CE) devices. However, VCE does not provide therapeutic functionality, and research towards therapeutic CE (TCE) has been limited. In this paper, a route towards viable TCE is proposed, based on multiple CE devices including important acoustic sensing and drug delivery components. In this approach, an initial multimodal diagnostic device with high-frequency quantitative microultrasound that complements video imaging allows surface and subsurface visualization and computer-assisted diagnosis. Using focused ultrasound (US) to mark sites of pathology with exogenous fluorescent agents permits follow-up with another device to provide therapy. This is based on an US-mediated targeted drug delivery system with fluorescence imaging guidance. An additional device may then be utilized for treatment verification and monitoring, exploiting the minimally invasive nature of CE. While such a theranostic patient pathway for gastrointestinal treatment is presently incomplete, the description in this paper of previous research and work under way to realize further components for the proposed pathway suggests it is feasible and provides a framework around which to structure further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser R Stewart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Yongqiang Qiu
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Holly S Lay
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ian P Newton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Benjamin F Cox
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - James Beeley
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Yangminghao Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | - David R S Cumming
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Inke Näthke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sandy Cochran
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060175. [PMID: 28545227 PMCID: PMC5488025 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), are responsible for toxic effects in humans and wildlife. In order to counteract or prevent their toxicity, various strategies have been followed, such as the potential application of chemoprotectants. A review of the main substances evaluated for this aim, as well as the doses and their influence on cyanotoxin-induced toxicity, has been performed. A search of the literature shows that research on MCs is much more abundant than research on CYN. Among chemoprotectants, antioxidant compounds are the most extensively studied, probably because it is well known that oxidative stress is one of the toxic mechanisms common to both toxins. In this group, vitamin E seems to have the strongest protectant effect for both cyanotoxins. Transport inhibitors have also been studied in the case of MCs, as CYN cellular uptake is not yet fully elucidated. Further research is needed because systematic studies are lacking. Moreover, more realistic exposure scenarios, including cyanotoxin mixtures and the concomitant use of chemoprotectants, should be considered.
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26
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Dos Santos-Silva AM, de Caland LB, de S L Oliveira ALC, de Araújo-Júnior RF, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Cornélio AM, da Silva-Júnior AA. Designing structural features of novel benznidazole-loaded cationic nanoparticles for inducing slow drug release and improvement of biological efficacy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:978-987. [PMID: 28576075 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several polymers have been investigated for producing cationic nanocarriers due to their ability to cross biological barriers. Polycations such as copolymers of polymethylmethacrylate are highlighted due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. The purpose of this study was to produce small and narrow-sized cationic nanoparticles able to overcome cell membranes and improve the biological activity of benznidazole (BNZ) in normal and cancer cells. The effect of composition and procedure parameters of the used emulsification-solvent evaporation method were controlled for this purpose. The experimental approach included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR- FTIR), drug loading efficiency, and physical stability assays. Spherical and stable (over six weeks) sub 150nm cationic nanoparticles were optimized, with the encapsulation efficiency >80%. The used drug/copolymer ratio modulated the slow drug release, which was adjusted by the parabolic diffusion mathematical model. In addition, the ability of the cationic nanoparticles improve the BNZ uptake in the normal kidney cells (HEK 293) and the human colorectal cancer cells (HT 29) demonstrate that this novel BNZ-loaded cationic has great potential as a chemotherapeutic application of benznidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaine M Dos Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lilia B de Caland
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alianda Maira Cornélio
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, - RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040600. [PMID: 28397762 PMCID: PMC6153761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in tumor cells, as well as in organs involved in absorption and secretion processes, mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of compounds, both endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including drugs. Their expression and activity levels are modulated by the presence of inhibitors, inducers and/or activators. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies with both known and newly synthesized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers and/or activators have shown the usefulness of these transport mechanisms in reducing the systemic exposure and specific tissue access of potentially harmful compounds. This article focuses on the main ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance [P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] expressed in tissues of toxicological relevance, such as the blood-brain barrier, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and intestine. Moreover, it provides a review of the available cellular models, in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening and selection of safe and specific inducers and activators of these membrane transporters. The available cellular models and in vitro assays have been proposed as high throughput and low-cost alternatives to excessive animal testing, allowing the evaluation of a large number of compounds.
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Li M, de Graaf IA, de Jager MH, Groothuis GM. P-gp activity and inhibition in the different regions of human intestineex vivo. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 38:127-138. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology & Targeting; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Inge A.M. de Graaf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology & Targeting; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Marina H. de Jager
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology & Targeting; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Geny M.M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology & Targeting; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen the Netherlands
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Smetanová L, Štětinová V, Svoboda Z, Květina J. Caco-2 Cells, Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and Biowaiter. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2016. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost all orally administered drugs are absorbed across the intestinal mucosa. The Caco-2 monolayers are used as an in vitro model to predict drug absorption in humans and to explore mechanism of drug absorption. The Caco-2 cells are derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma and spontaneously differentiate to form confluent monolayer of polarized cells structurally and functionally resembling the small intestinal epithelium. For studying drug permeability, Caco-2 cells are seeded onto the Transwell inserts with semipermeable membrane and grown to late confluence (21 days). After determination of cell viability, the integrity of monolayer is checked by phenol red permeability and by 14C-mannitol permeability. The transport from apical to basolateral (AP-BL) and basolateral to apical (BL-AP) is studied by adding the diluted drug on the apical or basolateral side and withdrawing the samples from the opposite compartment, respectively, for HPLC analysis or liquid scintillation spectrometry. Ca2+- free transport medium is used to determine paracellular component of the drug transport. On the basis of permeability and solubility, drugs can be categorized into four classes of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). For certain drugs, the BCS-based biowaiver approach can be used which enables to reduce in vivo bioequivalence studies.
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Koo SH, Lo YL, Yee JY, Lee EJD. Genetic and/or non-genetic causes for inter-individual and inter-cellular variability in transporter protein expression: implications for understanding drug efficacy and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1821-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rat precision-cut intestinal slices to study P-gp activity and the potency of its inhibitors ex vivo. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1070-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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de Gooijer MC, Zhang P, Thota N, Mayayo-Peralta I, Buil LCM, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein restrict the brain penetration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:1012-9. [PMID: 26123925 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Palbociclib is a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor with nanomolar potency and was recently approved for treatment of breast cancer. The drug may also be useful in glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), which often have an activated CDK4/6-retinoblastoma signaling pathway. However, GBM and DIPG spread widely into the surrounding brain, which calls for a CDK4/6 inhibitor with sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration. METHODS We first performed in vitro transwell assays and demonstrate that palbociclib is a substrate of both P-gp and BCRP. Next, we conducted pharmacokinetic studies using wildtype, Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/b(-/-) and Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. RESULTS The plasma levels were about 3000 and 500 nM and similar in all genotypes at 1 and 4 h after i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg. At 4 h the brain-to-plasma ratios were 0.3 in WT and Abcg2(-/-) mice versus 5.5 and 15 in Abcb1a/b(-/-) and Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice, respectively. The oral bioavailability of palbociclib was high (63 %) in WT mice and increased only modestly and non-significantly in Abcg2; Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. The plasma level after oral dosing of 150 mg/kg was already much higher than observed in patients (200-400 nM) and exceeded 2500 nM for up to 24 h. This latter dose is commonly used in preclinical studies, which calls into question their predictive value as they were conducted at dose levels causing a clinically non-relevant systemic drug exposure. CONCLUSION Thus, the brain penetration of palbociclib is restricted by P-gp and BCRP, which may restrict the efficacy against GBM and DIPG. Moreover, preclinical studies with this agent should be conducted at a more clinically relevant dose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C de Gooijer
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, 250012, Jinan, People's Republic China
| | - Nishita Thota
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute /Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/ Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, AKL room C1.005, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tlemsani C, Huillard O, Arrondeau J, Boudou-Rouquette P, Cessot A, Blanchet B, Thomas-Schoemann A, Coriat R, Durand JP, Giroux J, Alexandre J, Goldwasser F. Effect of glucuronidation on transport and tissue accumulation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: consequences for the clinical management of sorafenib and regorafenib. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:785-94. [PMID: 25809423 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a multigenic family of enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation reaction. Many therapeutic classes of drugs used in solid tumors are UGT substrates, including cancer therapies. AREAS COVERED This article describes the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) undergoing hepatic glucuronidation; its effect on transport and tissue accumulation and the clinical consequences of this particular metabolism. A PubMed search concerning the pharmacokinetics of the TKIs was performed. All are extensively metabolized by CYP450. Two TKIs, sorafenib and regorafenib, also have a major UGT-mediated metabolism and were therefore studied. EXPERT OPINION The prescription of the same dose of sorafenib and regorafenib for all patients may be inappropriate since at each enzymatic step of this multistep metabolism inter-individual fluctuations exist. Having a non-exclusive CYP-mediated route of metabolism may reduce the risk of variability in drug exposure when CYP3A4 substrates are concomitantly given. Several clinical consequences derive from this pharmacokinetic particularity of sorafenib and regorafenib. Since no clear difference distinguishes TKIs in efficacy in large randomized trials, the differences for the clinical management of their toxicity is a critical aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Tlemsani
- Paris Descartes University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Medical Oncology Department, Angiogenesis Inhibitors Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERIA) , Paris , France 33 1 58 41 17 46 ; 33 1 58 41 17 45 ;
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Zeller P, Bricks T, Vidal G, Jacques S, Anton PM, Leclerc E. Multiparametric temporal analysis of the Caco-2/TC7 demonstrated functional and differentiated monolayers as early as 14 days of culture. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:1-11. [PMID: 25725134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the differentiation period for obtaining an in vitro intestinal barrier model is required to reduce the duration and cost for drug screening assays. In this frame, the Caco-2/TC7 subclone differentiation state was investigated from day 0 (D0) to day 32 (D32). As such, the expression of 45 genes (including cell junction, cell polarization, cell functionality, drug transport and metabolism genes) was followed throughout the 32 days. In parallel, the monolayer polarization and the formation of the cellular junctions were characterized by the immuno-staining of occludin, claudin-1 and actin proteins. The cell monolayer permeability was analyzed via transepithelial electric resistance measurements and paracellular transport of Lucifer Yellow. The P-gp efflux efficiency was assessed by rhodamine 123 transport. Alkaline phosphate activity was quantified to assess the cell differentiation. Three stages of differentiation were observed using the clustering of principal component analysis of the RTqPCR data and the overall assays. From D0 to D10, cells were in a proliferation stage and under-differentiated; from D14 to D21 a stable differentiation stage was reached; from D25 to D32 the epithelium seemed to enter into a post-differentiated stage. This study demonstrates that Caco-2/TC7 cells are functional and ready for use in drug screening permeability assays from 14 days in culture when compared with conventional 21 days for Caco-2 cells. In addition, this study provides a refined set of data allowing temporal and multi scale investigations, due to the intracellular kinetics and mRNA levels that can be correlated with membrane protein kinetics and functional extracellular activities. Therefore, shorter time in culture combined with a better knowledge of the cells during the time in culture will in turn help to improve the quality and cost of Caco-2/TC7 assays for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Zeller
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
| | - Thibault Bricks
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
| | - Guillaume Vidal
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- INSERM U1016, Plate-forme génomique, institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- EGEAL, Institut Polytechnique Lasalle Beauvais, Beauvais, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bio ingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France.
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Durmus S, Hendrikx JJMA, Schinkel AH. Apical ABC transporters and cancer chemotherapeutic drug disposition. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 125:1-41. [PMID: 25640265 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane efflux transporters that mediate cellular extrusion of a broad range of substrates ranging from amino acids, lipids, and ions to xenobiotics including many anticancer drugs. ABCB1 (P-GP) and ABCG2 (BCRP) are the most extensively studied apical ABC drug efflux transporters. They are highly expressed in apical membranes of many pharmacokinetically relevant tissues such as epithelial cells of the small intestine and endothelial cells of the blood capillaries in brain and testis, and in the placental maternal-fetal barrier. In these tissues, they have a protective function as they efflux their substrates back to the intestinal lumen or blood and thus restrict the intestinal uptake and tissue disposition of many compounds. This presents a major challenge for the use of many (anticancer) drugs, as most currently used anticancer drugs are substrates of these transporters. Herein, we review the latest findings on the role of apical ABC transporters in the disposition of anticancer drugs. We discuss that many new, rationally designed anticancer drugs are substrates of these transporters and that their oral availability and/or brain disposition are affected by this interaction. We also summarize studies that investigate the improvement of oral availability and brain disposition of many cytotoxic (e.g., taxanes) and rationally designed (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitor) anticancer drugs, using chemical inhibitors of these transporters. These findings provide a better understanding of the importance of apical ABC transporters in chemotherapy and may therefore advance translation of promising preclinical insights and approaches to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Durmus
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M A Hendrikx
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Awortwe C, Fasinu PS, Rosenkranz B. Application of Caco-2 cell line in herb-drug interaction studies: current approaches and challenges. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:1-19. [PMID: 24735758 DOI: 10.18433/j30k63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Caco-2 model is employed in pre-clinical investigations to predict the likely gastrointestinal permeability of drugs because it expresses cytochrome P450 enzymes, transporters, microvilli and enterocytes of identical characteristics to the human small intestine. The FDA recommends this model as integral component of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Most dedicated laboratories use the Caco-2 cell line to screen new chemical entities through prediction of its solubility, bioavailability and the possibility of drug-drug or herb-drug interactions in the gut lumen. However, challenges in the inherent characteristics of Caco-2 cell and inter-laboratory protocol variations have resulted to generation of irreproducible data. These limitations affect the extrapolation of data from pre-clinical research to clinical studies involving drug-drug and herb-drug interactions. This review addresses some of these caveats and enumerates the plausible current and future approaches to reduce the anomalies associated with Caco-2 cell line investigations focusing on its application in herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Awortwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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Luckenbach T, Fischer S, Sturm A. Current advances on ABC drug transporters in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 165:28-52. [PMID: 24858718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most members of the large ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene family are transporters involved in substrate translocation across biological membranes. In eukaryotes, ABC proteins functioning as drug transporters are located in the plasma membrane and mediate the cellular efflux of a wide range of organic chemicals, with some transporters also transporting certain metals. As the enhanced expression of ABC drug transporters can confer multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancers and multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) to organisms from polluted habitats, these ABC family members are also referred to as MDR or MXR proteins. In mammals, ABC drug transporters show predominant expression in tissues involved in excretion or constituting internal or external body boundaries, where they facilitate the excretion of chemicals and their metabolites, and limit chemical uptake and penetration into "sanctuary" sites of the body. Available knowledge about ABC proteins is still limited in teleost fish, a large vertebrate group of high ecological and economic importance. Using transport activity measurements and immunochemical approaches, early studies demonstrated similarities in the tissue distribution of ABC drug transporters between teleosts and mammals, suggesting conserved roles of the transporters in the biochemical defence against toxicants. Recently, the availability of teleost genome assemblies has stimulated studies of the ABC family in this taxon. This review summarises the current knowledge regarding the genetics, functional properties, physiological function, and ecotoxicological relevance of teleostean ABC transporters. The available literature is reviewed with emphasis on recent studies addressing the tissue distribution, substrate spectrum, regulation, physiological function and phylogenetic origin of teleostean ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Armin Sturm
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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Oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: Comparative pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interactions. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:917-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Munoz F, Alici G, Li W, Tan Z, Xiong K, Li Y, Ye Y, Luo ZP, He F, Gong Y. A review of drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:77-85. [PMID: 24384373 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of a highly controllable drug delivery system (DDS) for capsule endoscopy has become an important field of research due to its promising applications in therapeutic treatment of diseases in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and drug absorption studies. Several factors need to be considered to establish the minimum requirements for a functional DDS. Environmental factors of the GI tract and also pharmaceutical factors can help determine the requirements to be met by a DDS in an endoscopic capsule. In order to minimize the influence of such factors on the performance of an effective DDS, at least two mechanisms should be incorporated into a capsule endoscope: an anchoring mechanism to control the capsule position and a drug release mechanism to control variables such as the drug release rate, number of doses and amount of drug released. The implementation of such remotely actuated mechanisms is challenging due to several constraints, including the limited space available in a swallowable capsule endoscope and the delicate and complex environment within the GI tract. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of existing DDS. A comparison of such DDS for capsule endoscopy based on the minimum DDS requirements is presented and future work is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zifang Tan
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun Ye
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fan He
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yihong Gong
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Mathijssen RHJ, Sparreboom A, Verweij J. Determining the optimal dose in the development of anticancer agents. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:272-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kuze J, Mutoh T, Takenaka T, Oda N, Hanioka N, Narimatsu S. Evaluation of animal models for intestinal first-pass metabolism of drug candidates to be metabolized by CYP3A enzymes via in vivo and in vitro oxidation of midazolam and triazolam. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:598-606. [PMID: 23282066 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.751517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. To search an appropriate evaluation methodology for the intestinal first-pass metabolism of new drug candidates, grapefruit juice (GFJ)- and vehicle (tap water)-pretreated mice or rats were orally administered midazolam (MDZ) or triazolam (TRZ), and blood levels of the parent compounds and their metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography/MS/MS. A significant effect of GFJ to elevate the blood levels was observed only for TRZ in mice. 2. In vitro experiments using mouse, rat and human intestinal and hepatic microsomal fractions demonstrated that GFJ suppressed the intestinal microsomal oxidation of MDZ and especially TRZ. Substrate inhibition by MDZ caused reduction in 1'-hydroxylation but not 4-hydroxylation in both intestinal and hepatic microsomal fractions. The kinetic profiles of MDZ oxidation and the substrate inhibition in mouse intestinal and hepatic microsomal fractions were very similar to those in human microsomes but were different from those in rat microsomes. Furthermore, MDZ caused mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A-dependent TRZ 1'-hydroxylation in mouse, rat and human intestinal microsomes with similar potencies. 3. These results are useful information in the analysis of data obtained in mouse and rat for the evaluation of first-pass effects of drug candidates to be metabolized by CYP3A enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuze
- Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Company, Ibaraki, Japan
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Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: general considerations. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Zee YK, Goh BC, Lee SC. Pharmacologic modulation strategies to reduce dose requirements of anticancer therapy while preserving clinical efficacy. Future Oncol 2012; 8:731-49. [PMID: 22764771 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug interactions may be exploited to overcome pharmacokinetic issues in order to improve the therapeutic index of a drug, with clinical goals of reducing the dose of the active drug while preserving efficacy or reducing toxicity. This strategy has been used in infectious disease and transplant medicine, and, more recently, in oncology. Pharmacologic modulation strategies range from coadministration of either a drug that inhibits a metabolizing enzyme that would inactivate the drug of interest, a drug that induces an enzyme that activates the drug of interest or a drug that inhibits transporters that affect the uptake or elimination of the drug of interest. This review will discuss pharmacologic modulation strategies that have been tested clinically in order to increase systemic drug exposure. Important examples include ketoconazole inhibition of hepatic CYP3A4 in order to increase systemic exposure to docetaxel, irinotecan and etoposide, and cyclosporine inhibition of intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporters in order to decrease the toxicity of irinotecan and increase the bioavailability of oral docetaxel, paclitaxel and topotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Kiat Zee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
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44
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Oleic acid decreases BCRP mediated efflux of mitoxantrone in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3635-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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45
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Mishra RK, Ramasamy K, Ban NN, Majeed ABA. Synthesis of poly[3-(methacryloylamino) propyl trimethylammonium chloride-co-methacrylic acid] copolymer hydrogels for controlled indomethacin delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Rozehnal V, Nakai D, Hoepner U, Fischer T, Kamiyama E, Takahashi M, Yasuda S, Mueller J. Human small intestinal and colonic tissue mounted in the Ussing chamber as a tool for characterizing the intestinal absorption of drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Planas JM, Alfaras I, Colom H, Juan ME. The bioavailability and distribution of trans-resveratrol are constrained by ABC transporters. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:67-73. [PMID: 22750234 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ABC proteins are a family of membrane transporters that mediates the extrusion from cells of a wide variety of structurally unrelated substrates. The current review focuses on the role of these efflux pumps located in the intestine on the low oral bioavailability of trans-resveratrol. The enterocytes hold in the apical membrane three transporters, namely, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), whereas the basolateral membrane contains multidrug resistance associated protein 3 (MRP3). The use of different specific inhibitors of these transporters as well as knockout mice enabled us to conclude that MRP2 and BCRP are involved in the extrusion of trans-resveratrol glucuronide and sulfate to the intestinal lumen without the participation of P-gp. The role of these transporters as a bottleneck in the absorption of trans-resveratrol cannot be undervalued affecting not only the bioavailability of its glucuronide and sulfate but also their distribution in the different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Planas
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Dietzel CT, Richert H, Abert S, Merkel U, Hippius M, Stallmach A. Magnetic Active Agent Release System (MAARS): evaluation of a new way for a reproducible, externally controlled drug release into the small intestine. J Control Release 2012; 161:722-7. [PMID: 22634074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human absorption studies are used to test new drug candidates for their bioavailability in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. In order to replace invasive techniques (e.g. oral or rectal intubation) a variety of externally controlled capsule-based drug release systems has been developed. Most of these use ionizing radiation, internal batteries, heating elements or even chemicals for the localization and disintegration process of the capsule. This embodies potential harms for volunteers and patients. We report about a novel technique called "Magnetic Active Agent Release System" (MAARS), which uses purely magnetic effects for this purpose. In our trial thirteen healthy volunteers underwent a complete monitoring and release procedure of 250 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) targeting the flexura duodenojejunalis and the mid-part of the jejunum. During all experiments MAARS initiated a sufficient drug release and was well tolerated. Beside this we also could show that the absorption of ASA is about two times faster in the more proximal region of the flexura duodenojejunalis with a tmax of 47±13 min compared to the more distal jejunum with tmax values of 100±10 min (p=0.031).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Dietzel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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49
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Stieger B, Meier PJ. Pharmacogenetics of drug transporters in the enterohepatic circulation. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 12:611-31. [PMID: 21619426 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the impact of the pharmacogenetics of drug transporters expressed in the enterohepatic circulation on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The role of pharmacogenetics in the function of drug transporter proteins in vitro is now well established and evidence is rapidly accumulating from in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, which suggests that genetic variants of drug transporter proteins can translate into clinically relevant phenotypes. However, a large amount of conflicting information on the clinical relevance of drug transporter proteins has so far precluded the emergence of a clear picture regarding the role of drug transporter pharmacogenetics in medical practice. This is very well exemplified by the case of P-glycoprotein (MDR1, ABCB1). The challenge is now to develop pharmacogenetic models with sufficient predictive power to allow for translation into drug therapy. This will require a combination of pharmacogenetics of drug transporters, drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics of the respective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stieger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Ibarra M, Fagiolino P, Vázquez M, Ruiz S, Vega M, Bellocq B, Pérez M, González B, Goyret A. Impact of food administration on lopinavir-ritonavir bioequivalence studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:516-21. [PMID: 22522225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioequivalence study in 16 Caucasian healthy volunteers (eight male, eight female), comparing plasma drug concentrations after a single oral dose of lopinavir and ritonavir (400 and 100mg, respectively), was carried out following a two-period, two-sequence, two-treatment, randomized crossover design. Formulations were given 15 min after a moderate-fat breakfast in order to diminish both the intrinsic highly-variable performance and the sex differences observed in bioequivalence trials under fasting conditions. Ninety percent confidence intervals for the Test/Reference (T/R) ratio of geometric means for area under concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (C(MAX)), either for lopinavir or ritonavir, were within the range of 0.80-1.25. Coprandial administration of formulations not only reduced the number of subjects required for bioequivalence assessment, reducing both ethical and economic cost of the trial, but also the sex differences in the T/R ratio of means.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibarra
- Center of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence for Medicine Evaluation, University of the Republic, Uruguay
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