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Werner ME, Ray DD, Breen C, Staddon MF, Jug F, Banerjee S, Maddox AS. Mechanical and biochemical feedback combine to generate complex contractile oscillations in cytokinesis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3201-3214.e5. [PMID: 38991614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The actomyosin cortex is an active material that generates force to drive shape changes via cytoskeletal remodeling. Cytokinesis is the essential cell division event during which a cortical actomyosin ring closes to separate two daughter cells. Our active gel theory predicted that actomyosin systems controlled by a biochemical oscillator and experiencing mechanical strain would exhibit complex spatiotemporal behavior. To test whether active materials in vivo exhibit spatiotemporally complex kinetics, we imaged the C. elegans embryo with unprecedented temporal resolution and discovered that sections of the cytokinetic cortex undergo periodic phases of acceleration and deceleration. Contractile oscillations exhibited a range of periodicities, including those much longer periods than the timescale of RhoA pulses, which was shorter in cytokinesis than in any other biological context. Modifying mechanical feedback in vivo or in silico revealed that the period of contractile oscillation is prolonged as a function of the intensity of mechanical feedback. Fast local ring ingression occurs where speed oscillations have long periods, likely due to increased local stresses and, therefore, mechanical feedback. Fast ingression also occurs where material turnover is high, in vivo and in silico. We propose that downstream of initiation by pulsed RhoA activity, mechanical feedback, including but not limited to material advection, extends the timescale of contractility beyond that of biochemical input and, therefore, makes it robust to fluctuations in activation. Circumferential propagation of contractility likely allows for sustained contractility despite cytoskeletal remodeling necessary to recover from compaction. Thus, like biochemical feedback, mechanical feedback affords active materials responsiveness and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Werner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dylan D Ray
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Coleman Breen
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael F Staddon
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, and Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Jug
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Shiladitya Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amy Shaub Maddox
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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2
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Müller L, Keil R, Glaß M, Hatzfeld M. Plakophilin 4 controls the spatio-temporal activity of RhoA at adherens junctions to promote cortical actin ring formation and tissue tension. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:291. [PMID: 38970683 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plakophilin 4 (PKP4) is a component of cell-cell junctions that regulates intercellular adhesion and Rho-signaling during cytokinesis with an unknown function during epidermal differentiation. Here we show that keratinocytes lacking PKP4 fail to develop a cortical actin ring, preventing adherens junction maturation and generation of tissue tension. Instead, PKP4-depleted cells display increased stress fibers. PKP4-dependent RhoA localization at AJs was required to activate a RhoA-ROCK2-MLCK-MLC2 axis and organize actin into a cortical ring. AJ-associated PKP4 provided a scaffold for the Rho activator ARHGEF2 and the RhoA effectors MLCK and MLC2, facilitating the spatio-temporal activation of RhoA signaling at cell junctions to allow cortical ring formation and actomyosin contraction. In contrast, association of PKP4 with the Rho suppressor ARHGAP23 reduced ARHGAP23 binding to RhoA which prevented RhoA activation in the cytoplasm and stress fiber formation. These data identify PKP4 as an AJ component that transduces mechanical signals into cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
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3
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Chrupcala ML, Moseley JB. PP2A-B56 regulates Mid1 protein levels for proper cytokinesis in fission yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601230. [PMID: 38979265 PMCID: PMC11230426 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates many steps in the cell division process including cytokinesis. In the fission yeast S. pombe, the anillin-like protein Mid1 sets the cell division plane and is regulated by phosphorylation. Multiple protein kinases act on Mid1, but no protein phosphatases have been shown to regulate Mid1. Here, we discovered that the conserved protein phosphatase PP2A-B56 is required for proper cytokinesis by promoting Mid1 protein levels. We find that par1Δ cells lacking the primary B56 subunit divide asymmetrically due to the assembly of misplaced cytokinetic rings that slide toward cell tips. These par1Δ mutants have reduced whole-cell levels of Mid1 protein, leading to reduced Mid1 at the cytokinetic ring. Restoring proper Mid1 expression suppresses par1Δ cytokinesis defects. This work identifies a new PP2A-B56 pathway regulating cytokinesis through Mid1, with implications for control of cytokinesis in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L. Chrupcala
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
| | - James B. Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH
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4
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin complexes mediate actin dynamics during cell wound repair. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114215. [PMID: 38728140 PMCID: PMC11203717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1/Sep2/Pnut and Sep4/Sep5/Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side by side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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5
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Husser MC, Pham NP, Law C, Araujo FRB, Martin VJJ, Piekny A. Endogenous tagging using split mNeonGreen in human iPSCs for live imaging studies. eLife 2024; 12:RP92819. [PMID: 38652106 PMCID: PMC11037917 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous tags have become invaluable tools to visualize and study native proteins in live cells. However, generating human cell lines carrying endogenous tags is difficult due to the low efficiency of homology-directed repair. Recently, an engineered split mNeonGreen protein was used to generate a large-scale endogenous tag library in HEK293 cells. Using split mNeonGreen for large-scale endogenous tagging in human iPSCs would open the door to studying protein function in healthy cells and across differentiated cell types. We engineered an iPS cell line to express the large fragment of the split mNeonGreen protein (mNG21-10) and showed that it enables fast and efficient endogenous tagging of proteins with the short fragment (mNG211). We also demonstrate that neural network-based image restoration enables live imaging studies of highly dynamic cellular processes such as cytokinesis in iPSCs. This work represents the first step towards a genome-wide endogenous tag library in human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nhat P Pham
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chris Law
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Flavia R B Araujo
- Center for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincent J J Martin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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6
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Quintanilla MA, Patel H, Wu H, Sochacki KA, Chandrasekar S, Akamatsu M, Rotty JD, Korobova F, Bear JE, Taraska JW, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Local monomer levels and established filaments potentiate non-muscle myosin 2 assembly. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305023. [PMID: 38353656 PMCID: PMC10866686 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to dynamically assemble contractile networks is required throughout cell physiology, yet direct biophysical mechanisms regulating non-muscle myosin 2 filament assembly in living cells are lacking. Here, we use a suite of dynamic, quantitative imaging approaches to identify deterministic factors that drive myosin filament appearance and amplification. We find that actin dynamics regulate myosin assembly, but that the static actin architecture plays a less clear role. Instead, remodeling of actin networks modulates the local myosin monomer levels and facilitates assembly through myosin:myosin-driven interactions. Using optogenetically controlled myosin, we demonstrate that locally concentrating myosin is sufficient to both form filaments and jump-start filament amplification and partitioning. By counting myosin monomers within filaments, we demonstrate a myosin-facilitated assembly process that establishes filament stacks prior to partitioning into clusters that feed higher-order networks. Together, these findings establish the biophysical mechanisms regulating the assembly of non-muscle contractile structures that are ubiquitous throughout cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Huini Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kem A. Sochacki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shreya Chandrasekar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Akamatsu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Rotty
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farida Korobova
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James E. Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin W. Taraska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick W. Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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7
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Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization and flow in protrusions to drive collective cell migration. Curr Biol 2024; 34:245-259.e8. [PMID: 38096821 PMCID: PMC10872453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network. Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin-II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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8
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Gao M, Tuo Z, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Wang J. Dysregulated ANLN reveals immune cell landscape and promotes carcinogenesis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23522. [PMID: 38173514 PMCID: PMC10761583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal anillin (ANLN) expression has been observed in multiple tumours and is closely associated with patient prognosis and clinical features. In this study, we systematically elucidated the clinical significance and biological roles of ANLN in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods We obtained transcriptome and clinical data of patients with ccRCC from public databases. Multi-omics data and clinical samples were combined to analyse the correlation between ANLN expression and the clinical characteristics of patients with renal cancer. Additionally, the immune cell landscape of ANLN expression was evaluated using different immune algorithms in the tumour microenvironment. The tumour-promoting potential of ANLN was confirmed using in vitro assays, including CCK8 and Transwell assays. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that ANLN is over-expressed in patients with ccRCC, as validated by clinical samples. Publicly available clinical data suggest that high ANLN expression may indicate poor outcomes in patients with ccRCC. Moreover, biological function analysis revealed a marked enrichment of the cell cycle and PI3K-Akt pathways. The distribution of immune cells, particularly M2 macrophages, differed in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, ANLN silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells in vitro. After ANLN expression was knocked down in 786-O cells, the protein levels of important PI3K signalling pathway components, including PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, drastically decreased. Conclusions These findings suggest that ANLN is dysregulated in renal cancer tissues and promotes tumour progression by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Gao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinyou Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
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9
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Lombardo AT, Mitchell CAR, Zaman R, McDermitt DJ, Bretscher A. ARHGAP18-ezrin functions as an autoregulatory module for RhoA in the assembly of distinct actin-based structures. eLife 2024; 13:e83526. [PMID: 38193818 PMCID: PMC10830128 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of different actin-based structures is largely regulated by Rho GTPases through specific effectors. We use the apical aspect of epithelial cells as a model system to investigate how RhoA is locally regulated to contribute to two distinct adjacent actin-based structures. Assembly of the non-muscle myosin-2 filaments in the terminal web is dependent on RhoA activity, and assembly of the microvilli also requires active RhoA for phosphorylation and activation of ezrin. We show that the RhoGAP, ARHGAP18, is localized by binding active microvillar ezrin, and this interaction enhances ARHGAP18's RhoGAP activity. We present a model where ezrin-ARHGAP18 acts as a negative autoregulatory module to locally reduce RhoA activity in microvilli. Consistent with this model, loss of ARHGAP18 results in disruption of the distinction between microvilli and the terminal web including aberrant assembly of myosin-2 filaments forming inside microvilli. Thus, ARHGAP18, through its recruitment and activation by ezrin, fine-tunes the local level of RhoA to allow for the appropriate distribution of actin-based structures between the microvilli and terminal web. As RhoGAPs vastly outnumber Rho GTPases, this may represent a general mechanism whereby individual Rho effectors drive specific actin-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Cameron AR Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - David J McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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10
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Arslan FN, Hannezo É, Merrin J, Loose M, Heisenberg CP. Adhesion-induced cortical flows pattern E-cadherin-mediated cell contacts. Curr Biol 2024; 34:171-182.e8. [PMID: 38134934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan development relies on the formation and remodeling of cell-cell contacts. Dynamic reorganization of adhesion receptors and the actomyosin cell cortex in space and time plays a central role in cell-cell contact formation and maturation. Nevertheless, how this process is mechanistically achieved when new contacts are formed remains unclear. Here, by building a biomimetic assay composed of progenitor cells adhering to supported lipid bilayers functionalized with E-cadherin ectodomains, we show that cortical F-actin flows, driven by the depletion of myosin-2 at the cell contact center, mediate the dynamic reorganization of adhesion receptors and cell cortex at the contact. E-cadherin-dependent downregulation of the small GTPase RhoA at the forming contact leads to both a depletion of myosin-2 and a decrease of F-actin at the contact center. At the contact rim, in contrast, myosin-2 becomes enriched by the retraction of bleb-like protrusions, resulting in a cortical tension gradient from the contact rim to its center. This tension gradient, in turn, triggers centrifugal F-actin flows, leading to further accumulation of F-actin at the contact rim and the progressive redistribution of E-cadherin from the contact center to the rim. Eventually, this combination of actomyosin downregulation and flows at the contact determines the characteristic molecular organization, with E-cadherin and F-actin accumulating at the contact rim, where they are needed to mechanically link the contractile cortices of the adhering cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Nur Arslan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria; Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Édouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Martin Loose
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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11
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Liu D, Winer BY, Chou MY, Tam H, Xu Y, An J, Gardner JM, Cyster JG. Dynamic encounters with red blood cells trigger splenic marginal zone B cell retention and function. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:142-154. [PMID: 38049580 PMCID: PMC10761324 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Spleen marginal zone (MZ) B cells are important for antibody responses against blood-borne antigens. The signals they use to detect exposure to blood are not well defined. Here, using intravital two-photon microscopy in mice, we observe transient contacts between MZ B cells and red blood cells that are in flow. We show that MZ B cells use adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) for retention in the spleen. CD97 function in MZ B cells depends on its ability to undergo autoproteolytic cleavage and signaling via Gα13 and ARHGEF1. Red blood cell expression of the CD97 ligand CD55 is required for MZ B cell homeostasis. Applying a pulling force on CD97-transfected cells using an optical C-trap and CD55+ beads leads to accumulation of active RhoA and membrane retraction. Finally, we show that CD97 deficiency leads to a reduced T cell-independent IgM response. Thus, our studies provide evidence that MZ B cells use mechanosensing to position in a manner that enhances antibody responses against blood-borne antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University School of Life Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Tam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Diabetes Center and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Qian W, Knaut H, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201898. [PMID: 38165177 PMCID: PMC10820872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organs. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we investigated the role of the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb in rosette morphogenesis. The pLLP is a group of ∼150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This resulted in an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are properly polarized. In contrast, RhoA activity, as well as signaling components downstream of RhoA, Rock2a and non-muscle Myosin II, were diminished apically. Thus, Mcf2lb-dependent RhoA activation maintains the integrity of epithelial rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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13
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Hsu CR, Sangha G, Fan W, Zheng J, Sugioka K. Contractile ring mechanosensation and its anillin-dependent tuning during early embryogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8138. [PMID: 38065974 PMCID: PMC10709429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis plays crucial roles in morphogenesis. Previous studies have examined how tissue mechanics influences the position and closure direction of the contractile ring. However, the mechanisms by which the ring senses tissue mechanics remain largely elusive. Here, we show the mechanism of contractile ring mechanosensation and its tuning during asymmetric ring closure of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Integrative analysis of ring closure and cell cortex dynamics revealed that mechanical suppression of the ring-directed cortical flow is associated with asymmetric ring closure. Consistently, artificial obstruction of ring-directed cortical flow induces asymmetric ring closure in otherwise symmetrically dividing cells. Anillin is vital for mechanosensation. Our genetic analysis suggests that the positive feedback loop among ring-directed cortical flow, myosin enrichment, and ring constriction constitutes a mechanosensitive pathway driving asymmetric ring closure. These findings and developed tools should advance the 4D mechanobiology of cytokinesis in more complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rou Hsu
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Gaganpreet Sangha
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Wayne Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Joey Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Kenji Sugioka
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
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14
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin Complexes Mediate Actin Dynamics During Cell Wound Repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567084. [PMID: 38014090 PMCID: PMC10680708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1-Sep2-Pnut and Sep4-Sep5-Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side-by-side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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15
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Okada H, Chen X, Wang K, Marquardt J, Bi E. Bni5 tethers myosin-II to septins to enhance retrograde actin flow and the robustness of cytokinesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566094. [PMID: 37986946 PMCID: PMC10659389 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The collaboration between septins and myosin-II in driving processes outside of cytokinesis remains largely uncharted. Here, we demonstrate that Bni5 in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae interacts with myosin-II, septin filaments, and the septin-associated kinase Elm1 via distinct domains at its N- and C-termini, thereby tethering the mobile myosin-II to the stable septin hourglass at the division site from bud emergence to the onset of cytokinesis. The septin and Elm1-binding domains, together with a central disordered region, of Bni5 control timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring, enabling the actomyosin ring constriction. The Bni5-tethered myosin-II enhances retrograde actin cable flow, which contributes to the asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria-associated protein aggregates during cell division, and also strengthens cytokinesis against various perturbations. Thus, we have established a biochemical pathway involving septin-Bni5-myosin-II interactions at the division site, which can inform mechanistic understanding of the role of myosin-II in other retrograde flow systems. Summary Okada et al. have determined the molecular mechanism underlying the Bni5 interactions with septins and myosin-II at the cell division site and uncovered its roles in promoting retrograde actin flow and the robustness of cytokinesis in budding yeast.
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16
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Bourdais A, Dehapiot B, Halet G. MRCK activates mouse oocyte myosin II for spindle rotation and male pronucleus centration. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202211029. [PMID: 37651121 PMCID: PMC10470461 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric meiotic divisions in oocytes rely on spindle positioning in close vicinity to the cortex. In metaphase II mouse oocytes, eccentric spindle positioning triggers cortical polarization, including the build-up of an actin cap surrounded by a ring of activated myosin II. While the role of the actin cap in promoting polar body formation is established, ring myosin II activation mechanisms and functions have remained elusive. Here, we show that ring myosin II activation requires myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK), downstream of polarized Cdc42. MRCK inhibition resulted in spindle rotation defects during anaphase II, precluding polar body extrusion. Remarkably, disengagement of segregated chromatids from the anaphase spindle could rescue rotation. We further show that the MRCK/myosin II pathway is activated in the fertilization cone and is required for male pronucleus migration toward the center of the zygote. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of myosin II activation in oocytes and its role in orchestrating asymmetric division and pronucleus centration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bourdais
- University of Rennes, CNRS - UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- University of Rennes, CNRS - UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Halet
- University of Rennes, CNRS - UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France
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17
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Hasegawa N, Hongo M, Okada M, Kuga T, Abe Y, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. Phosphotyrosine proteomics in cells synchronized at monopolar cytokinesis reveals EphA2 as functioning in cytokinesis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113783. [PMID: 37726045 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final step of the cell division in which cellular components are separated into two daughter cells. This process is regulated through the phosphorylation of different classes of proteins by serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinases such as Aurora B and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Conversely, the role of phosphorylation at tyrosine residues during cytokinesis has not been studied in detail yet. In this study, we performed a phosphotyrosine proteomic analysis of cells undergoing monopolar cytokinesis synchronized by using the Eg5 inhibitor (+)-S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) and the CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306. Phosphotyrosine proteomics gave 362 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides. Western blot analysis of proteins revealed tyrosine phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), vimentin, ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), and myelin protein zero-like protein 1 (MPZL1) during monopolar cytokinesis. Additionally, we demonstrated that EphA2, a protein with unknown function during cytokinesis, is involved in cytokinesis. EphA2 knockdown accelerated epithelial cell transforming 2 (Ect2) knockdown-induced multinucleation, suggesting that EphA2 plays a role in cytokinesis in a particular situation. The list also included many proteins previously reported to play roles during cytokinesis. These results evidence that the identified phosphopeptides facilitate the identification of novel tyrosine phosphorylation signaling involved in regulating cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mayue Hongo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Misaki Okada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Proteobiologics Co., Ltd., Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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18
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Yamamoto T, Uehara R. Cell shape instability during cytokinesis in tetraploid HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:39-44. [PMID: 37619310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploidy is a hallmark of broad cancer types, but it remains largely unknown which aspects of cellular processes are influenced by tetraploidization in human cells. Here, we found that tetraploid HCT116 cells manifested severe cell shape instability during cytokinesis, unlike their diploid counterparts. The cell shape instability accompanied the formation of protrusive deformation at the cell poles, indicating ectopic contractile activity of the cell cortex. While cytokinesis regulators such as RhoA and anillin correctly accumulated at the equatorial cortex, myosin II was over-accumulated at the cell poles, specifically in tetraploid cells. Suppression of myosin II activity by Y27632 treatment restored smooth cell shape in tetraploids during cytokinesis, indicating dysregulation of myosin II as a primary cause of the cell shape instability in the tetraploid state. Our results demonstrate a new aspect of the dynamic cellular process profoundly affected by tetraploidization in human cells, which provides a clue to molecular mechanisms of tetraploidy-driven pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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19
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Wang C, Ding J, Wei Q, Du S, Gong X, Chew TG. Mechanosensitive accumulation of non-muscle myosin IIB during mitosis requires its translocation activity. iScience 2023; 26:107773. [PMID: 37720093 PMCID: PMC10504539 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin II (NMII) is a force-generating mechanosensitive enzyme that responds to mechanical forces. NMIIs mechanoaccumulate at the cell cortex in response to mechanical forces. It is essential for cells to mechanically adapt to the physical environment, failure of which results in mitotic defects when dividing in confined environment. Much less is known about how NMII mechanoaccumulation is regulated during mitosis. We show that mitotic cells respond to compressive stress by promoting accumulation of active RhoA at the cell cortex as in interphase cells. RhoA mechanoresponse during mitosis activates and stabilizes NMIIB via ROCK signaling, leading to NMIIB mechanoaccumulation at the cell cortex. Using disease-related myosin II mutations, we found that NMIIB mechanoaccumulation requires its motor activity that translocates actin filaments, but not just its actin-binding function. Thus, the motor activity coordinates structural movement and nucleotide state changes to fine-tune actin-binding affinity optimal for NMIIs to generate and respond to forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Qiaodong Wei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shoukang Du
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xiaobo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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20
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Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA Signaling Stimulate Actin Polymerization and Flow in Protrusions to Drive Collective Cell Migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560679. [PMID: 37873192 PMCID: PMC10592895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network (Yamada and Sixt, 2019). Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions, and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other-but not all (Bastock and Strutt, 2007; Lebreton and Casanova, 2013; Matthews et al., 2008)-contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
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21
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Lebedev M, Chan FY, Lochner A, Bellessem J, Osório DS, Rackles E, Mikeladze-Dvali T, Carvalho AX, Zanin E. Anillin forms linear structures and facilitates furrow ingression after septin and formin depletion. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113076. [PMID: 37665665 PMCID: PMC10548094 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During cytokinesis, a contractile ring consisting of unbranched filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin II constricts at the cell equator. Unbranched F-actin is generated by formin, and without formin no cleavage furrow forms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, depletion of septin restores furrow ingression in formin mutants. How the cleavage furrow ingresses without a detectable unbranched F-actin ring is unknown. We report that, in this setting, anillin (ANI-1) forms a meshwork of circumferentially aligned linear structures decorated by non-muscle myosin II (NMY-2). Analysis of ANI-1 deletion mutants reveals that its disordered N-terminal half is required for linear structure formation and sufficient for furrow ingression. NMY-2 promotes the circumferential alignment of the linear ANI-1 structures and interacts with various lipids, suggesting that NMY-2 links the ANI-1 network with the plasma membrane. Collectively, our data reveal a compensatory mechanism, mediated by ANI-1 linear structures and membrane-bound NMY-2, that promotes furrowing when unbranched F-actin polymerization is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lebedev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department Biologie, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fung-Yi Chan
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Lochner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department Biologie, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bellessem
- Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel S Osório
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Rackles
- Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tamara Mikeladze-Dvali
- Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Esther Zanin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department Biologie, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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22
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Chen J, Verissimo AF, Kull AR, He B. Early zygotic gene product Dunk interacts with anillin to regulate Myosin II during Drosophila cleavage. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar102. [PMID: 37494082 PMCID: PMC10551699 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster cellularization is a special form of cleavage that converts syncytial embryos into cellular blastoderms by partitioning the peripherally localized nuclei into individual cells. An early event in cellularization is the recruitment of nonmuscle myosin II ("myosin") to the leading edge of cleavage furrows, where myosin forms an interconnected basal array before reorganizing into individual cytokinetic rings. The initial recruitment and organization of basal myosin are regulated by a cellularization-specific gene, dunk, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Through a genome-wide yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified anillin (Scraps in Drosophila), a conserved scaffolding protein in cytokinesis, as the primary binding partner of Dunk. Dunk colocalizes with anillin and regulates its cortical localization during the formation of cleavage furrows, while the localization of Dunk is independent of anillin. Furthermore, Dunk genetically interacts with anillin to regulate the basal myosin array during cellularization. Similar to Dunk, anillin colocalizes with myosin since the very early stage of cellularization and is required for myosin retention at the basal array, before the well-documented function of anillin in regulating cytokinetic ring assembly. Based on these results, we propose that Dunk regulates myosin recruitment and spatial organization during early cellularization by interacting with and regulating anillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Andreia F. Verissimo
- Institute for Biomolecular Targeting (bioMT), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Angela R. Kull
- Institute for Biomolecular Targeting (bioMT), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Bing He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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23
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Carim SC, Hickson GR. The Rho1 GTPase controls anillo-septin assembly to facilitate contractile ring closure during cytokinesis. iScience 2023; 26:106903. [PMID: 37378349 PMCID: PMC10291328 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cell cytokinesis requires activation of the GTPase RhoA (Rho1 in Drosophila), which assembles an F-actin- and myosin II-dependent contractile ring (CR) at the equatorial plasma membrane. CR closure is poorly understood, but involves the multidomain scaffold protein, Anillin. Anillin binds many CR components including F-actin and myosin II (collectively actomyosin), RhoA and the septins. Anillin recruits septins to the CR but the mechanism is unclear. Live imaging of Drosophila S2 cells and HeLa cells revealed that the Anillin N-terminus, which scaffolds actomyosin, cannot recruit septins to the CR. Rather, septin recruitment required the ability of the Anillin C-terminus to bind Rho1-GTP and the presence of the Anillin PH domain, in a sequential mechanism occurring at the plasma membrane, independently of F-actin. Anillin mutations that blocked septin recruitment, but not actomyosin scaffolding, slowed CR closure and disrupted cytokinesis. Thus, CR closure requires coordination of two Rho1-dependent networks: actomyosin and anillo-septin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrya C. Carim
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Gilles R.X. Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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24
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Ota R, Watanabe T, Wazawa Y, Kuwajima H, Honda T, Soeda S, Saito Y, Yuki R, Fukumoto Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y. V-Src delocalizes Aurora B by suppressing Aurora B kinase activity during monopolar cytokinesis. Cell Signal 2023:110764. [PMID: 37315749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
c-Src tyrosine kinase plays roles in a wide range of signaling events and its increased activity is frequently observed in a variety of epithelial and non-epithelial cancers. v-Src, an oncogene first identified in the Rous sarcoma virus, is an oncogenic version of c-Src and has constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. We previously showed that v-Src induces Aurora B delocalization, resulting in cytokinesis failure and binucleated cell formation. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying v-Src-induced Aurora B delocalization. Treatment with the Eg5 inhibitor (+)-S-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC) arrested cells in a prometaphase-like state with a monopolar spindle; upon further inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) by RO-3306, cells underwent monopolar cytokinesis with bleb-like protrusions. Aurora B was localized to the protruding furrow region or the polarized plasma membrane 30 min after RO-3306 addition, whereas inducible v-Src expression caused Aurora B delocalization in cells undergoing monopolar cytokinesis. Delocalization was similarly observed in monopolar cytokinesis induced by inhibiting Mps1, instead of CDK1, in the STLC-arrested mitotic cells. Importantly, western blotting analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that v-Src decreased the levels of Aurora B autophosphorylation and its kinase activity. Furthermore, like v-Src, treatment with the Aurora B inhibitor ZM447439 also caused Aurora B delocalization at concentrations that partially inhibited Aurora B autophosphorylation. Given that phosphorylation of Aurora B by v-Src was not observed, these results suggest that v-Src causes Aurora B delocalization by indirectly suppressing Aurora B kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Ota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuuki Wazawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuwajima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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25
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Mahlandt EK, Kreider-Letterman G, Chertkova AO, Garcia-Mata R, Goedhart J. Cell-based optimization and characterization of genetically encoded location-based biosensors for Cdc42 or Rac activity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260802. [PMID: 37226883 PMCID: PMC10234108 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac (herein referring to the Rac family) and Cdc42 are Rho GTPases that regulate the formation of lamellipoda and filopodia, and are therefore crucial in processes such as cell migration. Relocation-based biosensors for Rac and Cdc42 have not been characterized well in terms of their specificity or affinity. In this study, we identify relocation sensor candidates for both Rac and Cdc42. We compared their (1) ability to bind the constitutively active Rho GTPases, (2) specificity for Rac and Cdc42, and (3) relocation efficiency in cell-based assays. Subsequently, the relocation efficiency was improved by a multi-domain approach. For Rac1, we found a sensor candidate with low relocation efficiency. For Cdc42, we found several sensors with sufficient relocation efficiency and specificity. These optimized sensors enable the wider application of Rho GTPase relocation sensors, which was showcased by the detection of local endogenous Cdc42 activity at assembling invadopodia. Moreover, we tested several fluorescent proteins and HaloTag for their influence on the recruitment efficiency of the Rho location sensor, to find optimal conditions for a multiplexing experiment. This characterization and optimization of relocation sensors will broaden their application and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike K. Mahlandt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna O. Chertkova
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Quintanilla MA, Patel H, Wu H, Sochacki KA, Akamatsu M, Rotty JD, Korobova F, Bear JE, Taraska JW, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Local Monomer Levels and Established Filaments Potentiate Non-Muscle Myosin 2 Assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538303. [PMID: 37162845 PMCID: PMC10168331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to dynamically assemble contractile networks is required throughout cell physiology, yet the biophysical mechanisms regulating non-muscle myosin 2 filament assembly in living cells are lacking. Here we use a suite of dynamic, quantitative imaging approaches to identify deterministic factors that drive myosin filament appearance and amplification. We find that actin dynamics regulate myosin assembly, but that the actin architecture plays a minimal direct role. Instead, remodeling of actin networks modulates the local myosin monomer levels and facilitates assembly through myosin:myosin driven interactions. Using optogenetically controlled myosin, we demonstrate that locally concentrating myosin is sufficient to both form filaments and jump-start filament amplification and partitioning. By counting myosin monomers within filaments, we demonstrate a myosin-facilitated assembly process that establishes sub-resolution filament stacks prior to partitioning into clusters that feed higher-order networks. Together these findings establish the biophysical mechanisms regulating the assembly of non-muscle contractile structures that are ubiquitous throughout cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Hiral Patel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Huini Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Rotty
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Farida Korobova
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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27
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Jeruzalska E, Mazur AJ. The Role of non-muscle actin paralogs in cell cycle progression and proliferation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151315. [PMID: 37099935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to several pathologies, including cancer. Thus, this process must be tightly regulated. The cell cycle accounts for cell proliferation, and its progression is coordinated with changes in cell shape, for which cytoskeleton reorganization is responsible. Rearrangement of the cytoskeleton allows for its participation in the precise division of genetic material and cytokinesis. One of the main cytoskeletal components is filamentous actin-based structures. Mammalian cells have at least six actin paralogs, four of which are muscle-specific, while two, named β- and γ-actin, are abundantly present in all types of cells. This review summarizes the findings that establish the role of non-muscle actin paralogs in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation. We discuss studies showing that the level of a given non-muscle actin paralog in a cell influences the cell's ability to progress through the cell cycle and, thus, proliferation. Moreover, we elaborate on the non-muscle actins' role in regulating gene transcription, interactions of actin paralogs with proteins involved in controlling cell proliferation, and the contribution of non-muscle actins to different structures in a dividing cell. The data cited in this review show that non-muscle actins regulate the cell cycle and proliferation through varying mechanisms. We point to the need for further studies addressing these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Jeruzalska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antonina J Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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28
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Lungu C, Meyer F, Hörning M, Steudle J, Braun A, Noll B, Benz D, Fränkle F, Schmid S, Eisler SA, Olayioye MA. Golgi screen identifies the RhoGEF Solo as a novel regulator of RhoB and endocytic transport. Traffic 2023; 24:162-176. [PMID: 36562184 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The control of intracellular membrane trafficking by Rho GTPases is central to cellular homeostasis. How specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins locally balance GTPase activation in this process is nevertheless largely unclear. By performing a microscopy-based RNAi screen, we here identify the RhoGEF protein Solo as a functional counterplayer of DLC3, a RhoGAP protein with established roles in membrane trafficking. Biochemical, imaging and optogenetics assays further uncover Solo as a novel regulator of endosomal RhoB. Remarkably, we find that Solo and DLC3 control not only the activity, but also total protein levels of RhoB in an antagonistic manner. Together, the results of our study uncover the first functionally connected RhoGAP-RhoGEF pair at endomembranes, placing Solo and DLC3 at the core of endocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Lungu
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Biobased Materials Group, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasmin Steudle
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja Braun
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Noll
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Benz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Fränkle
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan A Eisler
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Yang T, Chi Z, Liu G, Hong X, Cao S, Cheng K, Zhang Y. Screening ANLN and ASPM as bladder urothelial carcinoma-related biomarkers based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1107625. [PMID: 37051591 PMCID: PMC10083327 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system with a poor prognosis and high treatment costs. Identifying potential prognostic biomarkers is significant for exploring new therapeutic and predictive targets of BLCA.Methods: In this study, we screened differentially expressed genes using the GSE37815 dataset. We then performed a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the genes correlated with the histologic grade and T stage of BLCA using the GSE32548 dataset. Subsequently, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to further identify prognosis‐related hub genes using the datasets GSE13507 and TCGA‐BLCA. Moreover, we detected the expression of the hub genes in 35 paired samples, including BLCA and paracancerous tissue, from the Shantou Central Hospital by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: This study showed that Anillin (ANLN) and Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated gene (ASPM) were prognostic biomarkers for BLCA. High expression of ANLN and ASPM was associated with poor overall survival.The qRT‐PCR results revealed that ANLN and ASPM genes were upregulated in BLCA, and there was a correlation between the expression of ANLN and ASPM in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissue. Additionally, the increasing multiples in the ANLN gene was obvious in high-grade BLCA.Discussion: In summary, this preliminary exploration indicated a correlation between ANLN and ASPM expression. These two genes, serving as the risk factors for BLCA progression, might be promising targets to improve the occurrence and progression of BLCA.
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30
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Ozkan Kucuk NE, Yigit BN, Degirmenci BS, Qureshi MH, Yapici GN, Kamacıoglu A, Bavili N, Kiraz A, Ozlu N. Cell cycle-dependent palmitoylation of protocadherin 7 by ZDHHC5 promotes successful cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:297268. [PMID: 36762613 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division requires dramatic reorganization of the cell cortex, which is primarily driven by the actomyosin network. We previously reported that protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) gets enriched at the cell surface during mitosis, which is required to build up the full mitotic rounding pressure. Here, we report that PCDH7 interacts with and is palmitoylated by the palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC5. PCDH7 and ZDHHC5 colocalize at the mitotic cell surface and translocate to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The localization of PCDH7 depends on the palmitoylation activity of ZDHHC5. Silencing PCDH7 increases the percentage of multinucleated cells and the duration of mitosis. Loss of PCDH7 expression correlates with reduced levels of active RhoA and phospho-myosin at the cleavage furrow. This work uncovers a palmitoylation-dependent translocation mechanism for PCDH7, which contributes to the reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Ezgi Ozkan Kucuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Berfu Nur Yigit
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Gamze Nur Yapici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Altuğ Kamacıoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nima Bavili
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nurhan Ozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
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31
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Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) motors are the major contractile machines in most cell types. Unsurprisingly, these ubiquitously expressed actin-based motors power a plethora of subcellular, cellular and multicellular processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biochemical properties and mechanisms of regulation of this myosin. We highlight the central role of NM2 in multiple fundamental cellular processes, which include cell migration, cytokinesis, epithelial barrier function and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, we highlight recent studies using advanced imaging technologies that have revealed aspects of NM2 assembly hitherto inaccessible. This article will hopefully appeal to both cytoskeletal enthusiasts and investigators from outside the cytoskeleton field who have interests in one of the many basic cellular processes requiring actomyosin force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
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32
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Rezig IM, Yaduma WG, Gould GW, McInerny CJ. The role of anillin/Mid1p during medial division and cytokinesis: from fission yeast to cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:633-644. [PMID: 36426865 PMCID: PMC9980708 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2147655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division cycle when cellular constituents are separated to produce two daughter cells. This process is driven by the formation and constriction of a contractile ring. Progression of these events is controlled by mechanisms and proteins that are evolutionary conserved in eukaryotes from fungi to humans. Genetic and molecular studies in different model organisms identified essential cytokinesis genes, with several conserved proteins, including the anillin/Mid1p proteins, constituting the core cytokinetic machinery. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe represents a well-established model organism to study eukaryotic cell cycle regulation. Cytokinesis in fission yeast and mammalian cells depends on the placement, assembly, maturation, and constriction of a medially located actin-myosin contractile ring (ACR). Here, we review aspects of the ACR assembly and cytokinesis process in fission yeast and consider the regulation of such events in mammalian cells. First, we briefly describe the role of anillin during mammalian ACR assembly and cytokinesis. Second, we describe different aspects of the anillin-like protein Mid1p regulation during the S. pombe cell cycle, including its structure, function, and phospho-regulation. Third, we briefly discuss Mid1pindependent ACR assembly in S. pombe. Fourth, we highlight emerging studies demonstrating the roles of anillin in human tumourigenesis introducing anillin as a potential drug target for cancer treatment. Collectively, we provide an overview of the current understanding of medial division and cytokinesis in S. pombe and suggest the implications of these observations in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane M. Rezig
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wandiahyel G. Yaduma
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Adamawa State College of Education Hong, Nigeria
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J. McInerny
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,CONTACT Christopher J. McInerny School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
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33
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Nanavati BN, Noordstra I, Verma S, Duszyc K, Green KJ, Yap AS. Desmosome-anchored intermediate filaments facilitate tension-sensitive RhoA signaling for epithelial homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529786. [PMID: 36865131 PMCID: PMC9980054 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia are subject to diverse forms of mechanical stress during development and post-embryonic life. They possess multiple mechanisms to preserve tissue integrity against tensile forces, which characteristically involve specialized cell-cell adhesion junctions coupled to the cytoskeleton. Desmosomes connect to intermediate filaments (IF) via desmoplakin (DP)1,2, while the E-cadherin complex links to the actomyosin cytoskeleton in adherens junctions (AJ)3. These distinct adhesion-cytoskeleton systems support different strategies to preserve epithelial integrity, especially against tensile stress. IFs coupled to desmosomes can passively respond to tension by strain-stiffening4-10, whereas for AJs a variety of mechanotransduction mechanisms associated with the E-cadherin apparatus itself11,12, or proximate to the junctions13, can modulate the activity of its associated actomyosin cytoskeleton by cell signaling. We now report a pathway where these systems collaborate for active tension-sensing and epithelial homeostasis. We found that DP was necessary for epithelia to activate RhoA at AJ on tensile stimulation, an effect that required its capacity to couple IF to desmosomes. DP exerted this effect by facilitating the association of Myosin VI with E-cadherin, the mechanosensor for the tension-sensitive RhoA pathway at AJ12. This connection between the DP-IF system and AJ-based tension-sensing promoted epithelial resilience when contractile tension was increased. It further facilitated epithelial homeostasis by allowing apoptotic cells to be eliminated by apical extrusion. Thus, active responses to tensile stress in epithelial monolayers reflect an integrated response of the IF- and actomyosin-based cell-cell adhesion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bageshri Naimish Nanavati
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland
| | - Suzie Verma
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 06011 USA
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland
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34
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de Seze J, Gatin J, Coppey M. RhoA regulation in space and time. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:836-849. [PMID: 36658753 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RhoGTPases are well known for being controllers of cell cytoskeleton and share common features in the way they act and are controlled. These include their switch from GDP to GTP states, their regulations by different guanine exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins and guanosine dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), and their similar structure of active sites/membrane anchors. These very similar features often lead to the common consideration that the differences in their biological effects mainly arise from the different types of regulators and specific effectors associated with each GTPase. Focusing on data obtained through biosensors, live cell microscopy and recent optogenetic approaches, we highlight in this review that the regulation of RhoA appears to depart from Cdc42 and Rac1 modes of regulation through its enhanced lability at the plasma membrane. RhoA presents a high dynamic turnover at the membrane that is regulated not only by GDIs but also by GEFs, effectors and a possible soluble conformational state. This peculiarity of RhoA regulation may be important for the specificities of its functions, such as the existence of activity waves or its putative dual role in the initiation of protrusions and contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Seze
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Gatin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coppey
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
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35
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Law RA, Kiepas A, Desta HE, Perez Ipiña E, Parlani M, Lee SJ, Yankaskas CL, Zhao R, Mistriotis P, Wang N, Gu Z, Kalab P, Friedl P, Camley BA, Konstantopoulos K. Cytokinesis machinery promotes cell dissociation from collectively migrating strands in confinement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq6480. [PMID: 36630496 PMCID: PMC9833664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells tune adherens junction dynamics to regulate epithelial integrity in diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that the spatially confining architecture of peritumor stroma promotes metastatic cell dissemination by remodeling cell-cell adhesive interactions. By combining microfluidics with live-cell imaging, FLIM/FRET biosensors, and optogenetic tools, we show that confinement induces leader cell dissociation from cohesive ensembles. Cell dissociation is triggered by myosin IIA (MIIA) dismantling of E-cadherin cell-cell junctions, as recapitulated by a mathematical model. Elevated MIIA contractility is controlled by RhoA/ROCK activation, which requires distinct guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Confinement activates RhoA via nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the cytokinesis-regulatory proteins RacGAP1 and Ect2 and increased microtubule dynamics, which results in the release of active GEF-H1. Thus, confining microenvironments are sufficient to induce cell dissemination from primary tumors by remodeling E-cadherin cell junctions via the interplay of microtubules, nuclear trafficking, and RhoA/ROCK/MIIA pathway and not by down-regulating E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Habben E. Desta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Emiliano Perez Ipiña
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maria Parlani
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Christopher L. Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nianchao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Brian A. Camley
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
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36
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Van Itallie ES, Field CM, Mitchison TJ, Kirschner MW. Dorsal lip maturation and initial archenteron extension depend on Wnt11 family ligands. Dev Biol 2023; 493:67-79. [PMID: 36334838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Wnt11 family proteins are ligands that activate a type of Dishevelled-mediated, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Loss of function causes defects in gastrulation and/or anterior-posterior axis extension in all vertebrates. Non-mammalian vertebrate genomes encode two Wnt11 family proteins whose distinct functions have been unclear. We knocked down Wnt11b and Wnt11, separately and together, in Xenopus laevis. Single morphants exhibited very similar phenotypes of delayed blastopore closure, but they had different phenotypes during the tailbud period. In response to their very similar gastrulation phenotypes, we chose to characterize dual morphants. Using dark field illuminated time-lapse imaging and kymograph analysis, we identified a failure of dorsal blastopore lip maturation that correlated with slower blastopore closure and failure to internalize the endoderm at the dorsal blastopore lip. We connected these externally visible phenotypes to cellular events in the internal tissues by imaging intact fixed embryos stained for anillin and microtubules. We found that the initial extension of the archenteron is correlated with blastopore lip maturation, and archenteron extension is dramatically disrupted by decreased Wnt11 family signaling. We were aided in our interpretation of the immunofluorescence by the novel, membrane proximal location of the cleavage furrow protein anillin in the epithelium of the blastopore lip and early archenteron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M Field
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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37
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Avivi Kela S, Sethi K, Tan PY, Suresh D, Ong HT, Castaneda PG, Amin MR, Laviv T, Cram EJ, Faix J, Zaidel-Bar R. Tension-dependent RHGF-1 recruitment to stress fibers drives robust spermathecal tissue contraction. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213784. [PMID: 36574264 PMCID: PMC9798103 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile epithelial tubes are found in various organs, such as lung airways and blood capillaries. Their ability to sense luminal pressure and respond with adequate contractility is essential for their physiology, and its mis-regulation results in diseases such as asthma and hypertension. Here, we describe a mechanoresponsive regulatory pathway downstream of tissue stretching that controls contraction of the C. elegans spermatheca, a tubular structure where fertilization occurs. Using live-imaging, we show that ovulation-induced stretching of spermathecal cells leads to recruitment of the RhoGEF RHGF-1 to stress fibers, which activates RHO-1 and myosin II in a positive feedback loop. Through deletion analysis, we identified the PDZ domain of RHGF-1 as responsible for F-actin binding, and genetic epistasis analysis with the RhoGAP spv-1 demonstrated that tension-dependent recruitment of RHGF-1 to F-actin is required for robust spermathecal contractility. Our study illustrates how mechanosensitive regulators of Rho GTPases provide epithelial tubes the ability to tune their contractility in response to internal pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Avivi Kela
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kriti Sethi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Tan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danesha Suresh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mustafi R. Amin
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tal Laviv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Correspondence to Ronen Zaidel-Bar:
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38
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Ozugergin I, Piekny A. Diversity is the spice of life: An overview of how cytokinesis regulation varies with cell type. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007614. [PMID: 36420142 PMCID: PMC9676254 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is required to physically cleave a cell into two daughters at the end of mitosis. Decades of research have led to a comprehensive understanding of the core cytokinesis machinery and how it is regulated in animal cells, however this knowledge was generated using single cells cultured in vitro, or in early embryos before tissues develop. This raises the question of how cytokinesis is regulated in diverse animal cell types and developmental contexts. Recent studies of distinct cell types in the same organism or in similar cell types from different organisms have revealed striking differences in how cytokinesis is regulated, which includes different threshold requirements for the structural components and the mechanisms that regulate them. In this review, we highlight these differences with an emphasis on pathways that are independent of the mitotic spindle, and operate through signals associated with the cortex, kinetochores, or chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imge Ozugergin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Husser MC, Ozugergin I, Resta T, Martin VJJ, Piekny AJ. Cytokinetic diversity in mammalian cells is revealed by the characterization of endogenous anillin, Ect2 and RhoA. Open Biol 2022; 12:220247. [PMID: 36416720 PMCID: PMC9683116 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is required to physically separate the daughter cells at the end of mitosis. This crucial process requires the assembly and ingression of an actomyosin ring, which must occur with high fidelity to avoid aneuploidy and cell fate changes. Most of our knowledge of mammalian cytokinesis was generated using over-expressed transgenes in HeLa cells. Over-expression can introduce artefacts, while HeLa are cancerous human cells that have lost their epithelial identity, and the mechanisms controlling cytokinesis in these cells could be vastly different from other cell types. Here, we tagged endogenous anillin, Ect2 and RhoA with mNeonGreen and characterized their localization during cytokinesis for the first time in live human cells. Comparing anillin localization in multiple cell types revealed cytokinetic diversity with differences in the duration and symmetry of ring closure, and the timing of cortical recruitment. Our findings show that the breadth of anillin correlates with the rate of ring closure, and support models where cell size or ploidy affects the cortical organization, and intrinsic mechanisms control the symmetry of ring closure. This work highlights the need to study cytokinesis in more diverse cell types, which will be facilitated by the reagents generated for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imge Ozugergin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiziana Resta
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent J. J. Martin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Center for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alisa J. Piekny
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Center for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Center for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Abstract
One of the major challenges of bottom-up synthetic biology is rebuilding a minimal cell division machinery. From a reconstitution perspective, the animal cell division apparatus is mechanically the simplest and therefore attractive to rebuild. An actin-based ring produces contractile force to constrict the membrane. By contrast, microbes and plant cells have a cell wall, so division requires concerted membrane constriction and cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, reconstitution of the actin division machinery helps in understanding the physical and molecular mechanisms of cytokinesis in animal cells and thus our own cells. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art research on reconstitution of minimal actin-mediated cytokinetic machineries. Based on the conceptual requirements that we obtained from the physics of the shape changes involved in cell division, we propose two major routes for building a minimal actin apparatus capable of division. Importantly, we acknowledge both the passive and active roles that the confining lipid membrane can play in synthetic cytokinesis. We conclude this review by identifying the most pressing challenges for future reconstitution work, thereby laying out a roadmap for building a synthetic cell equipped with a minimal actin division machinery.
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42
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Francis CR, Kincross H, Kushner EJ. Rab35 governs apicobasal polarity through regulation of actin dynamics during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5276. [PMID: 36075898 PMCID: PMC9458672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In early blood vessel development, trafficking programs, such as those using Rab GTPases, are tasked with delivering vesicular cargo with high spatiotemporal accuracy. However, the function of many Rab trafficking proteins remain ill-defined in endothelial tissue; therefore, their relevance to blood vessel development is unknown. Rab35 has been shown to play an enigmatic role in cellular behaviors which differs greatly between tissue-type and organism. Importantly, Rab35 has never been characterized for its potential contribution in sprouting angiogenesis; thus, our goal was to map Rab35’s primary function in angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that Rab35 is critical for sprout formation; in its absence, apicobasal polarity is entirely lost in vitro and in vivo. To determine mechanism, we systematically explored established Rab35 effectors and show that none are operative in endothelial cells. However, we find that Rab35 partners with DENNd1c, an evolutionarily divergent guanine exchange factor, to localize to actin. Here, Rab35 regulates actin polymerization through limiting Rac1 and RhoA activity, which is required to set up proper apicobasal polarity during sprout formation. Our findings establish that Rab35 is a potent brake of actin remodeling during blood vessel development. The promiscuous GTPase Rab35 has been shown to be involved in many important cellular functions. In this article, Francis et al. illustrate how Rab35 acts as a critical brake to actin remodeling during sprouting angiogenesis and how it is necessary for proper blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hayle Kincross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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43
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Panagiotou TC, Chen A, Wilde A. An anillin-CIN85-SEPT9 complex promotes intercellular bridge maturation required for successful cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111274. [PMID: 36044846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of one cell into two is the most dramatic event in the life of a cell. Plasma membrane fission occurs within a narrow intercellular bridge (ICB) between the daughter cells, but the mechanisms underlying ICB formation and maturation are poorly understood. Here we identify CIN85 as an ICB assembly factor and demonstrate its requirement for robust and timely cytokinesis. CIN85 interacts directly with the N-terminal region of anillin and SEPT9 and thereby facilitates SEPT9-containing filament localization to the plasma membrane of the ICB. In contrast, the C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of anillin binds to septin units lacking SEPT9 but enriched in SEPT11. Anillin's interactions with distinct septin units are required to promote ICB elongation and maturation that, we propose, generate the physical space into which the abscission machinery is recruited to drive the final membrane scission event releasing two independent daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Panagiotou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Anan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada.
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44
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Messina G, Prozzillo Y, Monache FD, Santopietro MV, Dimitri P. Evolutionary conserved relocation of chromatin remodeling complexes to the mitotic apparatus. BMC Biol 2022; 20:172. [PMID: 35922843 PMCID: PMC9351137 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-protein machines highly conserved across eukaryotic genomes. They control sliding and displacing of the nucleosomes, modulating histone-DNA interactions and making nucleosomal DNA more accessible to specific binding proteins during replication, transcription, and DNA repair, which are processes involved in cell division. The SRCAP and p400/Tip60 chromatin remodeling complexes in humans and the related Drosophila Tip60 complex belong to the evolutionary conserved INO80 family, whose main function is promoting the exchange of canonical histone H2A with the histone variant H2A in different eukaryotic species. Some subunits of these complexes were additionally shown to relocate to the mitotic apparatus and proposed to play direct roles in cell division in human cells. However, whether this phenomenon reflects a more general function of remodeling complex components and its evolutionary conservation remains unexplored. Results We have combined cell biology, reverse genetics, and biochemical approaches to study the subcellular distribution of a number of subunits belonging to the SRCAP and p400/Tip60 complexes and assess their involvement during cell division progression in HeLa cells. Interestingly, beyond their canonical chromatin localization, the subunits under investigation accumulate at different sites of the mitotic apparatus (centrosomes, spindle, and midbody), with their depletion yielding an array of aberrant outcomes of mitosis and cytokinesis, thus causing genomic instability. Importantly, this behavior was conserved by the Drosophila melanogaster orthologs tested, despite the evolutionary divergence between fly and humans has been estimated at approximately 780 million years ago. Conclusions Overall, our results support the existence of evolutionarily conserved diverse roles of chromatin remodeling complexes, whereby subunits of the SRCAP and p400/Tip60 complexes relocate from the interphase chromatin to the mitotic apparatus, playing moonlighting functions required for proper execution of cell division. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01365-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Messina
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Yuri Prozzillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Dimitri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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45
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Michaud A, Leda M, Swider ZT, Kim S, He J, Landino J, Valley JR, Huisken J, Goryachev AB, von Dassow G, Bement WM. A versatile cortical pattern-forming circuit based on Rho, F-actin, Ect2, and RGA-3/4. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213290. [PMID: 35708547 PMCID: PMC9206115 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells can generate complementary traveling waves of actin filaments (F-actin) and cytoskeletal regulators. This phenomenon, termed cortical excitability, results from coupled positive and negative feedback loops of cytoskeletal regulators. The nature of these feedback loops, however, remains poorly understood. We assessed the role of the Rho GAP RGA-3/4 in the cortical excitability that accompanies cytokinesis in both frog and starfish. RGA-3/4 localizes to the cytokinetic apparatus, “chases” Rho waves in an F-actin–dependent manner, and when coexpressed with the Rho GEF Ect2, is sufficient to convert the normally quiescent, immature Xenopus oocyte cortex into a dramatically excited state. Experiments and modeling show that changing the ratio of RGA-3/4 to Ect2 produces cortical behaviors ranging from pulses to complex waves of Rho activity. We conclude that RGA-3/4, Ect2, Rho, and F-actin form the core of a versatile circuit that drives a diverse range of cortical behaviors, and we demonstrate that the immature oocyte is a powerful model for characterizing these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Michaud
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Marcin Leda
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zachary T Swider
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Songeun Kim
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jiaye He
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jennifer Landino
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jenna R Valley
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR
| | - Jan Huisken
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andrew B Goryachev
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George von Dassow
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR
| | - William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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46
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Darp R, Vittoria MA, Ganem NJ, Ceol CJ. Oncogenic BRAF induces whole-genome doubling through suppression of cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4109. [PMID: 35840569 PMCID: PMC9287415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas and other solid tumors commonly have increased ploidy, with near-tetraploid karyotypes being most frequently observed. Such karyotypes have been shown to arise through whole-genome doubling events that occur during early stages of tumor progression. The generation of tetraploid cells via whole-genome doubling is proposed to allow nascent tumor cells the ability to sample various pro-tumorigenic genomic configurations while avoiding the negative consequences that chromosomal gains or losses have in diploid cells. Whereas a high prevalence of whole-genome doubling events has been established, the means by which whole-genome doubling arises is unclear. Here, we find that BRAFV600E, the most common mutation in melanomas, can induce whole-genome doubling via cytokinesis failure in vitro and in a zebrafish melanoma model. Mechanistically, BRAFV600E causes decreased activation and localization of RhoA, a critical cytokinesis regulator. BRAFV600E activity during G1/S phases of the cell cycle is required to suppress cytokinesis. During G1/S, BRAFV600E activity causes inappropriate centriole amplification, which is linked in part to inhibition of RhoA and suppression of cytokinesis. Together these data suggest that common abnormalities of melanomas linked to tumorigenesis - amplified centrosomes and whole-genome doubling events - can be induced by oncogenic BRAF and other mutations that increase RAS/MAPK pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Darp
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Vittoria
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig J Ceol
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA.
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA.
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47
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Kelkar M, Bohec P, Smith MB, Sreenivasan V, Lisica A, Valon L, Ferber E, Baum B, Salbreux G, Charras G. Spindle reorientation in response to mechanical stress is an emergent property of the spindle positioning mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121868119. [PMID: 35727980 PMCID: PMC9245638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121868119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in embryos, during tissue development, and in adults, where it functions to dissipate mechanical stress to maintain tissue integrity and homeostasis. While mitotic spindles have been shown to reorient in response to external mechanical stresses, the subcellular cues that mediate spindle reorientation remain unclear. Here, we used a combination of optogenetics and computational modeling to investigate how mitotic spindles respond to inhomogeneous tension within the actomyosin cortex. Strikingly, we found that the optogenetic activation of RhoA only influences spindle orientation when it is induced at both poles of the cell. Under these conditions, the sudden local increase in cortical tension induced by RhoA activation reduces pulling forces exerted by cortical regulators on astral microtubules. This leads to a perturbation of the balance of torques exerted on the spindle, which causes it to rotate. Thus, spindle rotation in response to mechanical stress is an emergent phenomenon arising from the interaction between the spindle positioning machinery and the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kelkar
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Bohec
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Varun Sreenivasan
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Lisica
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Léo Valon
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 75015 Paris , France
| | - Emma Ferber
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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48
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Anillin governs mitotic rounding during early epidermal development. BMC Biol 2022; 20:145. [PMID: 35710398 PMCID: PMC9205045 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The establishment of tissue architecture requires coordination between distinct processes including basement membrane assembly, cell adhesion, and polarity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The actin cytoskeleton is ideally situated to orchestrate tissue morphogenesis due to its roles in mechanical, structural, and regulatory processes. However, the function of many pivotal actin-binding proteins in mammalian development is poorly understood. Results Here, we identify a crucial role for anillin (ANLN), an actin-binding protein, in orchestrating epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated silencing of Anln in mouse embryos disrupted epidermal architecture marked by adhesion, polarity, and basement membrane defects. Unexpectedly, these defects cannot explain the profoundly perturbed epidermis of Anln-depleted embryos. Indeed, even before these defects emerge, Anln-depleted epidermis exhibits abnormalities in mitotic rounding and its associated processes: chromosome segregation, spindle orientation, and mitotic progression, though not in cytokinesis that was disrupted only in Anln-depleted cultured keratinocytes. We further show that ANLN localizes to the cell cortex during mitotic rounding, where it regulates the distribution of active RhoA and the levels, activity, and structural organization of the cortical actomyosin proteins. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that ANLN is a major regulator of epidermal morphogenesis and identify a novel role for ANLN in mitotic rounding, a near-universal process that governs cell shape, fate, and tissue morphogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01345-9.
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49
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Wang M, Xiong C, Mercurio AM. PD-LI promotes rear retraction during persistent cell migration by altering integrin β4 dynamics. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213099. [PMID: 35344032 PMCID: PMC8965106 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune checkpoint function of PD-L1 has dominated its study, we report that PD-L1 has an unanticipated intrinsic function in promoting the dynamics of persistent cell migration. PD-L1 concentrates at the rear of migrating carcinoma cells where it facilitates retraction, resulting in the formation of PD-L1-containing retraction fibers and migrasomes. PD-L1 promotes retraction by interacting with and localizing the β4 integrin to the rear enabling this integrin to stimulate contractility. This mechanism involves the ability of PD-L1 to maintain cell polarity and lower membrane tension at the cell rear compared with the leading edge that promotes the localized interaction of PD-L1 and the β4 integrin. This interaction enables the β4 integrin to engage the actin cytoskeleton and promote RhoA-mediated contractility. The implications of these findings with respect to cell-autonomous functions of PD-L1 and cancer biology are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Choua Xiong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Marivin A, Ho RXY, Garcia-Marcos M. DAPLE orchestrates apical actomyosin assembly from junctional polarity complexes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213115. [PMID: 35389423 PMCID: PMC8996326 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of apicobasal polarity and the organization of the cytoskeleton must operate coordinately to ensure proper epithelial cell shape and function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which polarity complexes directly instruct the cytoskeletal machinery to determine cell shape are poorly understood. Here, we define a mechanism by which the PAR polarity complex (PAR3–PAR6–aPKC) at apical cell junctions leads to efficient assembly of the apical actomyosin network to maintain epithelial cell morphology. We found that the PAR polarity complex recruits the protein DAPLE to apical cell junctions, which in turn triggers a two-pronged mechanism that converges upon assembly of apical actomyosin. More specifically, DAPLE directly recruits the actin-stabilizing protein CD2AP to apical junctions and, concomitantly, activates heterotrimeric G protein signaling in a GPCR-independent manner to favor RhoA-myosin activation. These observations establish DAPLE as a direct molecular link between junctional polarity complexes and the formation of apical cytoskeletal assemblies that support epithelial cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Xi-Yeen Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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