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Meneses-Reyes GI, Rodriguez-Bustos DL, Cuevas-Velazquez CL. Macromolecular crowding sensing during osmotic stress in plants. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:480-493. [PMID: 38514274 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Osmotic stress conditions occur at multiple stages of plant life. Changes in water availability caused by osmotic stress induce alterations in the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane, its interaction with the cell wall, and the concentration of macromolecules in the cytoplasm. We summarize the reported players involved in the sensing mechanisms of osmotic stress in plants. We discuss how changes in macromolecular crowding are perceived intracellularly by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins. Finally, we review methods for dynamically monitoring macromolecular crowding in living cells and discuss why their implementation is required for the discovery of new plant osmosensors. Elucidating the osmosensing mechanisms will be essential for designing strategies to improve plant productivity in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Meneses-Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - D L Rodriguez-Bustos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - C L Cuevas-Velazquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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2
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Sardari M, Ghanati F, Mobasheri H, Hajnorouzi A. Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299055. [PMID: 38466667 PMCID: PMC10927088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of sound waves (SWs) on plant cells can be considered as important as other mechanical stimuli like touch, wind, rain, and gravity, causing certain responses associated with the downstream signaling pathways on the whole plant. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the response of suspension-cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Burley 21) to SW at different intensities. The sinusoidal SW (1,000 Hz) was produced through a signal generator, amplified, and beamed to the one layer floating tobacco cells inside a soundproof chamber at intensities of 60, 75, and 90 dB at the plate level for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Calibration of the applied SW intensities, accuracy, and uniformity of SW was performed by a sound level meter, and the cells were treated. The effect of SW on tobacco cells was monitored by quantitation of cytosolic calcium, redox status, membrane integrity, wall components, and the activity of wall modifying enzymes. Cytosolic calcium ions increased as a function of sound intensity with a maximum level of 90 dB. Exposure to 90 dB was also accompanied by a significant increase of H2O2 and membrane lipid peroxidation rate but the reduction of total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. The increase of wall rigidity in these cells was attributed to an increase in wall-bound phenolic acids and lignin and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and covalently bound peroxidase. In comparison, in 60- and 75 dB, radical scavenging capacity increased, and the activity of wall stiffening enzymes reduced, but cell viability showed no changes. The outcome of the current study reveals that the impact of SW on plant cells is started by an increase in cytosolic calcium. However, upon calcium signaling, downstream events, including alteration of H2O2 and cell redox status and the activities of wall modifying enzymes, determined the extent of SW effects on tobacco cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sardari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abazar Hajnorouzi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Delesalle C, Vert G, Fujita S. The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:206-218. [PMID: 38388723 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the microenvironment around the cell surface is critical to responding to external cues or endogenous signals and to maintaining cell activities. In plant cells, the plasma membrane is covered by the cell wall and scaffolded with cytoskeletal networks, which altogether compose the cell surface. It has long been known that these structures mutually interact, but the mechanisms that integrate the whole system are still obscure. Here we spotlight the brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) since it represents an outstanding model for understanding cell surface signalling and regulation. We summarize how BRI1 activity and dynamics are controlled by plasma membrane components and their associated factors to fine-tune signalling. The downstream signals, in turn, manipulate cell surface structures by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Moreover, the changes in these architectures impact BR signalling, resulting in a feedback loop formation. This Review discusses how BRI1 and BR signalling function as central hubs to integrate cell surface regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delesalle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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4
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Tyagi A, Ali S, Park S, Bae H. Deciphering the role of mechanosensitive channels in plant root biology: perception, signaling, and adaptive responses. PLANTA 2023; 258:105. [PMID: 37878056 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins that rapidly translate extrinsic or intrinsic mechanical tensions into biological responses. They can serve as potential candidates for developing smart-resilient crops with efficient root systems. Mechanosensitive (MS) calcium channels are molecular switches for mechanoperception and signal transduction in all living organisms. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding mechanoperception and signal transduction in bacteria and animals, this remains largely unknown in plants. However, identification and validation of MS channels such as Mid1-complementing activity channels (MCAs), mechanosensitive-like channels (MSLs), and Piezo channels (PIEZO) has been the most significant discovery in plant mechanobiology, providing novel insights into plant mechanoperception. This review summarizes recent advances in root mechanobiology, focusing on MS channels and their related signaling players, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phytohormones. Despite significant advances in understanding the role of Ca2+ signaling in root biology, little is known about the involvement of MS channel-driven Ca2+ and ROS signaling. Additionally, the hotspots connecting the upstream and downstream signaling of MS channels remain unclear. In light of this, we discuss the present knowledge of MS channels in root biology and their role in root developmental and adaptive traits. We also provide a model highlighting upstream (cell wall sensors) and downstream signaling players, viz., Ca2+, ROS, and hormones, connected with MS channels. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of emerging signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and neurotransmitters (NTs), and their association with root mechanoperception. Finally, we conclude with future directions and knowledge gaps that warrant further research to decipher the complexity of root mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhang J, Maksaev G, Yuan P. Open structure and gating of the Arabidopsis mechanosensitive ion channel MSL10. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6284. [PMID: 37805510 PMCID: PMC10560256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are challenged by drastically different osmotic environments during growth and development. Adaptation to these environments often involves mechanosensitive ion channels that can detect and respond to mechanical force. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the mechanosensitive channel MSL10 plays a crucial role in hypo-osmotic shock adaptation and programmed cell death induction, but the molecular basis of channel function remains poorly understood. Here, we report a structural and electrophysiological analysis of MSL10. The cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal a distinct heptameric channel assembly. Structures of the wild-type channel in detergent and lipid environments, and in the absence of membrane tension, capture an open conformation. Furthermore, structural analysis of a non-conductive mutant channel demonstrates that reorientation of phenylalanine side chains alone, without main chain rearrangements, may generate the hydrophobic gate. Together, these results reveal a distinct gating mechanism and advance our understanding of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grigory Maksaev
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang Z, Ye F, Xiong T, Chen J, Cao J, Chen Y, Liu S. Origin, evolution and diversification of plant mechanosensitive channel of small conductance-like (MSL) proteins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37794319 PMCID: PMC10552396 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide efficient molecular mechanism for transducing mechanical forces into intracellular ion fluxes in all kingdoms of life. The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) was one of the best-studied MS channels and its homologs (MSL, MscS-like) were widely distributed in cell-walled organisms. However, the origin, evolution and expansion of MSL proteins in plants are still not clear. Here, we identified more than 2100 MSL proteins from 176 plants and conducted a broad-scale phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree showed that plant MSL proteins were divided into three groups (I, II and III) prior to the emergence of chlorophytae algae, consistent with their specific subcellular localization. MSL proteins were distributed unevenly into each of plant species, and four parallel expansion was identified in angiosperms. In Brassicaceae, most MSL duplicates were derived by whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplications. Finally, a hypothetical evolutionary model of MSL proteins in plants was proposed based on phylogeny. Our studies illustrate the evolutionary history of the MSL proteins and provide a guide for future functional diversity analyses of these proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yurui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Sushuang Liu
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Mudrilov MA, Ladeynova MM, Kuznetsova DV, Vodeneev VA. Ion Channels in Electrical Signaling in Higher Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1467-1487. [PMID: 38105018 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792310005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals (ESs) appearing in plants under the action of various external factors play an important role in adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Generation of ES in higher plant cells is associated with activation of Ca2+, K+, and anion fluxes, as well as with changes in the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase. In the present review, molecular nature of the ion channels contributing to ESs transmission in higher plants is analyzed based on comparison of the data from molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. Based on such characteristics of ion channels as selectivity, activation mechanism, and intracellular and tissue localization, those ion channels that meet the requirements for potential participation in ES generation were selected from a wide variety of ion channels in higher plants. Analysis of the data of experimental studies performed on mutants with suppressed or enhanced expression of a certain channel gene revealed those channels whose activation contributes to ESs formation. The channels responsible for Ca2+ flux during generation of ESs include channels of the GLR family, for K+ flux - GORK, for anions - MSL. Consideration of the prospects of further studies suggests the need to combine electrophysiological and genetic approaches along with analysis of ion concentrations in intact plants within a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Mudrilov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Maria M Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Darya V Kuznetsova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
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9
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Darwish E, Ghosh R, Bentzer J, Tsardakas Renhuldt N, Proux-Wera E, Kamal N, Spannagl M, Hause B, Sirijovski N, Van Aken O. The dynamics of touch-responsive gene expression in cereals. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:282-302. [PMID: 37159480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wind, rain, herbivores, obstacles, neighbouring plants, etc. provide important mechanical cues to steer plant growth and survival. Mechanostimulation to stimulate yield and stress resistance of crops is of significant research interest, yet a molecular understanding of transcriptional responses to touch is largely absent in cereals. To address this, we performed whole-genome transcriptomics following mechanostimulation of wheat, barley, and the recent genome-sequenced oat. The largest transcriptome changes occurred ±25 min after touching, with most of the genes being upregulated. While most genes returned to basal expression level by 1-2 h in oat, many genes retained high expression even 4 h post-treatment in barley and wheat. Functional categories such as transcription factors, kinases, phytohormones, and Ca2+ regulation were affected. In addition, cell wall-related genes involved in (hemi)cellulose, lignin, suberin, and callose biosynthesis were touch-responsive, providing molecular insight into mechanically induced changes in cell wall composition. Furthermore, several cereal-specific transcriptomic footprints were identified that were not observed in Arabidopsis. In oat and barley, we found evidence for systemic spreading of touch-induced signalling. Finally, we provide evidence that both the jasmonic acid-dependent and the jasmonic acid-independent pathways underlie touch-signalling in cereals, providing a detailed framework and marker genes for further study of (a)biotic stress responses in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johan Bentzer
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Estelle Proux-Wera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadia Kamal
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Yang TH, Che´telat A, Kurenda A, Farmer EE. Mechanosensation in leaf veins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5078. [PMID: 37729418 PMCID: PMC10511200 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Whether the plant vasculature has the capacity to sense touch is unknown. We developed a quantitative assay to investigate touch-response electrical signals in the leaves and veins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mechanostimulated electrical signaling in leaves displayed strong diel regulation. Signals of full amplitude could be generated by repeated stimulation at the same site after approximately 90 minutes. However, the signals showed intermediate amplitudes when repeatedly stimulated in shorter timeframes. Using intracellular electrodes, we detected touch-response membrane depolarizations in the phloem. On the basis of this, we mutated multiple Arabidopsis H+-ATPase (AHA) genes expressed in companion cells. We found that aha1 aha3 double mutants attenuated touch-responses, and this was coupled to growth rate reduction. Moreover, propagating membrane depolarizations could be triggered by mechanostimulating the exposed primary vasculature of wild-type plants but not of aha1 aha3 mutants. Primary veins have autonomous mechanosensory properties which depend on P-type proton pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Hao Yang
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Che´telat
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Edward E. Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Li C, Liu P, Zhi Y, Zhai Y, Liu Z, Gao L, Jiang L. Ultra-mechanosensitive Chloride Ion Transport through Bioinspired High-Density Elastomeric Nanochannels. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19098-19106. [PMID: 37603884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels play crucial roles in physiological activities, where small mechanical stimuli induce the membrane tension, trigger the ion channels' deformation, and are further transformed into significant electrochemical signals. Artificial ion channels with stiff moduli have been developed to mimic mechanosensory behaviors, exhibiting an electrochemical response by the high-pressure-induced flow. However, fabricating flexible mechanosensitive channels capable of regulating specific ion transporting upon dramatic deformation has remained a challenge. Here, we demonstrate bioinspired high-density elastomeric channels self-assembled by polyisoprene-b-poly4-vinylpyridine, which exhibit ultra-mechanosensitive chloride ion transport resulting from nanochannel deformation. The PI-formed continuous elastic matrix can transmit external forces into internal tensions, while P4VP forms transmembrane chloride channels that undergo dramatic deformation and respond to mechanical stimuli. The integrated and flexible chloride channels present a dramatic and stable electrochemical signal toward a low pressure of 0.2 mbar. This research first demonstrates the artificial mechanosensory chloride channels, which could provide a promising avenue for designing flexible and responsive channel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Zhi
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhai
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Oxford Instrument Technology China, Beijing 100034, P. R China
| | - Longcheng Gao
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Flynn AJ, Miller K, Codjoe JM, King MR, Haswell ES. Mechanosensitive ion channels MSL8, MSL9, and MSL10 have environmentally sensitive intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical characteristics in vitro. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e515. [PMID: 37547488 PMCID: PMC10400277 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are highly dynamic sequences that rapidly sample a collection of conformations over time. In the past several decades, IDRs have emerged as a major component of many proteomes, comprising ~30% of all eukaryotic protein sequences. Proteins with IDRs function in a wide range of biological pathways and are notably enriched in signaling cascades that respond to environmental stresses. Here, we identify and characterize intrinsic disorder in the soluble cytoplasmic N-terminal domains of MSL8, MSL9, and MSL10, three members of the MscS-like (MSL) family of mechanosensitive ion channels. In plants, MSL channels are proposed to mediate cell and organelle osmotic homeostasis. Bioinformatic tools unanimously predicted that the cytosolic N-termini of MSL channels are intrinsically disordered. We examined the N-terminus of MSL10 (MSL10N) as an exemplar of these IDRs and circular dichroism spectroscopy confirms its disorder. MSL10N adopted a predominately helical structure when exposed to the helix-inducing compound trifluoroethanol (TFE). Furthermore, in the presence of molecular crowding agents, MSL10N underwent structural changes and exhibited alterations to its homotypic interaction favorability. Lastly, interrogations of collective behavior via in vitro imaging of condensates indicated that MSL8N, MSL9N, and MSL10N have sharply differing propensities for self-assembly into condensates, both inherently and in response to salt, temperature, and molecular crowding. Taken together, these data establish the N-termini of MSL channels as intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties and the potential to respond uniquely to changes in their physiochemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J. Flynn
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kari Miller
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jennette M. Codjoe
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Matthew R. King
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Elizabeth S. Haswell
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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13
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Hazelwood OS, Hostetler AN, Ikiriko II, Sparks EE. Characterization of mechanosensitive MSL gene family expression in Zea mays aerial and subterranean brace roots. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000759. [PMID: 37396792 PMCID: PMC10314297 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants must be able to sense and respond to mechanical stresses encountered throughout their lifespan. The MscS-Like (MSL) family of mechanosensitive ion channels is one mechanism to perceive mechanical stresses. In maize, brace roots emerge from stem nodes above the soil and some remain aerial while some grow into the soil. We tested the hypothesis that MSL gene expression is higher in subterranean brace roots compared to those that remain aerial. However, there was no difference in MSL expression between the two environments. This work sets the foundation for a deeper understanding of MSL gene expression and function in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Hazelwood
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Ashley N Hostetler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Irene I Ikiriko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Erin E Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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14
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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The Course of Mechanical Stress: Types, Perception, and Plant Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020217. [PMID: 36829495 PMCID: PMC9953051 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli, together with the corresponding plant perception mechanisms and the finely tuned thigmomorphogenetic response, has been of scientific and practical interest since the mid-17th century. As an emerging field, there are many challenges in the research of mechanical stress. Indeed, studies on different plant species (annual/perennial) and plant organs (stem/root) using different approaches (field, wet lab, and in silico/computational) have delivered insufficient findings that frequently impede the practical application of the acquired knowledge. Accordingly, the current work distils existing mechanical stress knowledge by bringing in side-by-side the research conducted on both stem and roots. First, the various types of mechanical stress encountered by plants are defined. Second, plant perception mechanisms are outlined. Finally, the different strategies employed by the plant stem and roots to counteract the perceived mechanical stresses are summarized, depicting the corresponding morphological, phytohormonal, and molecular characteristics. The comprehensive literature on both perennial (woody) and annual plants was reviewed, considering the potential benefits and drawbacks of the two plant types, which allowed us to highlight current gaps in knowledge as areas of interest for future research.
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16
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Jhu MY, Sinha NR. Cuscuta species: Model organisms for haustorium development in stem holoparasitic plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1086384. [PMID: 36578337 PMCID: PMC9792094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1086384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are notorious for causing serious agricultural losses in many countries. Specialized intrusive organs, haustoria, confer on parasitic plants the ability to acquire water and nutrients from their host plants. Investigating the mechanism involved in haustorium development not only reveals the fascinating mystery of how autotrophic plants evolved parasitism but also provides the foundation for developing more effective methods to control the agricultural damage caused by parasitic plants. Cuscuta species, also known as dodders, are one of the most well-known and widely spread stem holoparasitic plants. Although progress has been made recently in understanding the evolution and development of haustoria in root parasitic plants, more and more studies indicate that the behaviors between root and stem haustorium formation are distinct, and the mechanisms involved in the formation of these organs remain largely unknown. Unlike most endoparasites and root holoparasitic plants, which have high host-specificity and self- or kin-recognition to avoid forming haustoria on themselves or closely related species, auto-parasitism and hyper-parasitism are commonly observed among Cuscuta species. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of haustorium development in dodders and the unique characteristics of their parasitizing behaviors. We also outline the advantages of using Cuscuta species as model organisms for haustorium development in stem holoparasitic plants, the current unknown mysteries and limitations in the Cuscuta system, and potential future research directions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neelima R. Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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17
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Soybean CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE17 Positively Regulates Plant Resistance to Common Cutworm ( Spodoptera litura Fabricius). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415696. [PMID: 36555336 PMCID: PMC9779107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is frequently attacked by herbivorous pests throughout the growth period. Exploring anti-insect genes to improve insect resistance in soybean is an important soybean breeding goal. Here, we cloned and characterized the gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to insect resistance, Glyma.06g189600, which encodes CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE17 (GmCDPK17) in soybean. The pairwise sequence alignment analysis revealed that the presumed protein of GmCDPK17 shares 52.06% similarity with that of GmCDPK38, a known negative regulatory gene of insect resistance in soybean. Ectopic expression of GmCDPK17 and GmCDPK38 restored the phenotypes of the Arabidopsis insect-susceptible mutant cpk10 and insect-resistant mutant cpk28, respectively. Moreover, transgenic hairy roots of the soybean cultivar Jack were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of GmCDPK17 increased soybean hairy root resistance to common cutworm (CCW), while RNA interference of the gene decreased soybean hairy root resistance to CCW. Sequencing data from the cultivated and wild soybeans were used to analyze the genetic diversity of GmCDPK17. This gene was subjected to domestication selection. Six and seven haplotypes (Haps) were identified in cultivated and wild soybeans, respectively. The resistance Hap1 is not widely used in cultivated soybeans and is mainly distributed at low latitudes. Accessions with resistance haplotypes of the GmCDPK17 and GmCDPK38 genes showed high resistance to CCW. Altogether, we revealed a novel positive regulatory insect resistance gene, GmCDPK17, which may further improve insect resistance in soybean.
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18
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Jiang W, Tong T, Chen X, Deng F, Zeng F, Pan R, Zhang W, Chen G, Chen ZH. Molecular response and evolution of plant anion transport systems to abiotic stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:397-412. [PMID: 34846607 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to respond and adapt to the abiotic stresses associated changing climate via reviewing the literature and analyzing the molecular evolution, comparative genetic analysis, and bioinformatics analysis of the key anion channel gene families. Climate change-induced abiotic stresses including heatwave, elevated CO2, drought, and flooding, had a major impact on plant growth in the last few decades. This scenario could lead to the exposure of plants to various stresses. Anion channels are confirmed as the key factors in plant stress responses, which exist in the green lineage plants. Numerous studies on anion channels have shed light on their protein structure, ion selectivity and permeability, gating characteristics, and regulatory mechanisms, but a great quantity of questions remain poorly understand. Here, we review function of plant anion channels in cell signaling to improve plant response to environmental stresses, focusing on climate change related abiotic stresses. We investigate the molecular response and evolution of plant slow anion channel, aluminum-activated malate transporter, chloride channel, voltage-dependent anion channel, and mechanosensitive-like anion channel in green plant. Furthermore, comparative genetic and bioinformatic analysis reveal the conservation of these anion channel gene families. We also discuss the tissue and stress specific expression, molecular regulation, and signaling transduction of those anion channels. We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to adapt in a diverse environment, calling for more fundamental and practical studies on those anion channels towards sustainable food production and ecosystem health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Suda H, Toyota M. Integration of long-range signals in plants: A model for wound-induced Ca 2+, electrical, ROS, and glutamate waves. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102270. [PMID: 35926395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants show long-range cytosolic Ca2+ signal transduction in response to wounding. Recent advances in in vivo imaging techniques have helped visualize spatiotemporal dynamics of the systemic Ca2+ signals and provided new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms, in which ion channels of the GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) family are critical for the sensory system. These, along with MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNEL OF SMALL CONDUCTANCE-LIKE 10 (MSL10) and Arabidopsis H+-ATPase (AHA1) regulate the propagation system. In addition, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutamate waves operate in parallel to long-range signal transduction. We summarize these findings and introduce a model that integrates long-range Ca2+, electrical, ROS, and glutamate signals in systemic wound responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Suda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan; Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Kyoto, Japan; Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Gorgues L, Li X, Maurel C, Martinière A, Nacry P. Root osmotic sensing from local perception to systemic responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:36. [PMID: 37676549 PMCID: PMC10442022 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants face a constantly changing environment, requiring fine tuning of their growth and development. Plants have therefore developed numerous mechanisms to cope with environmental stress conditions. One striking example is root response to water deficit. Upon drought (which causes osmotic stress to cells), plants can among other responses alter locally their root system architecture (hydropatterning) or orientate their root growth to optimize water uptake (hydrotropism). They can also modify their hydraulic properties, metabolism and development coordinately at the whole root and plant levels. Upstream of these developmental and physiological changes, plant roots must perceive and transduce signals for water availability. Here, we review current knowledge on plant osmotic perception and discuss how long distance signaling can play a role in signal integration, leading to the great phenotypic plasticity of roots and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Gorgues
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Xuelian Li
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
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21
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Joshi V, Shi A, Mishra AK, Gill H, DiPiazza J. Genetic dissection of nitrogen induced changes in the shoot and root biomass of spinach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13751. [PMID: 35962022 PMCID: PMC9374745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient partitioning of above and below-ground biomass in response to nitrogen (N) is critical to the productivity of plants under sub-optimal conditions. It is particularly essential in vegetable crops like spinach with shallow root systems, a short growth cycle, and poor nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore N-induced changes using spinach accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds. We evaluated phenotypic variations as percent changes in the shoot and root biomass in response to N using 201 spinach accessions grown in randomized complete blocks design in a soilless media under a controlled environment. A GWAS was performed for the percent changes in the shoot and root biomass in response to N in the 201 spinach accessions using 60,940 whole-genome resequencing generated SNPs. Three SNP markers, chr4_28292655, chr6_1531056, and chr6_37966006 on chromosomes 4 and 6, were significantly associated with %change in root weight, and two SNP markers, chr2_18480277 and chr4_47598760 on chromosomes 2 and 4, were significantly associated with % change shoot weight. The outcome of this study established a foundation for genetic studies needed to improve the partitioning of total biomass and provided a resource to identify molecular markers to enhance N uptake via marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in spinach breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, 78801, USA. .,Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar Mishra
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, 78801, USA.,Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Haramrit Gill
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - James DiPiazza
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, 78801, USA
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22
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Guichard M, Thomine S, Frachisse JM. Mechanotransduction in the spotlight of mechano-sensitive channels. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102252. [PMID: 35772372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of mechanosensitive channels (MS) in living organisms has progressed considerably over the past two decades. The understanding of their roles in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction was consecrated by the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2021 to A. Patapoutian for his discoveries on the role of MS channels in mechanoperception in humans. In this review, we first summarize the fundamental properties of MS channels and their mode of operation. Then in a second step, we provide an update on the knowledge on the families of MS channels identified in plants and the roles and functions that have been attributed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Guichard
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Frachisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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23
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Basu D, Codjoe JM, Veley KM, Haswell ES. The Mechanosensitive Ion Channel MSL10 Modulates Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:567-582. [PMID: 34775835 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-21-0207-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense and respond to molecular signals associated with the presence of pathogens and their virulence factors. Mechanical signals generated during pathogenic invasion may also be important, but their contributions have rarely been studied. Here, we investigate the potential role of a mechanosensitive ion channel, MscS-like (MSL)10, in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously showed that overexpression of MSL10-GFP, phospho-mimetic versions of MSL10, and the gain-of-function allele msl10-3G all produce dwarfing, spontaneous cell death, and the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species. These phenotypes are shared by many autoimmune mutants and are frequently suppressed by growth at high temperature in those lines. We found that the same was true for all three MSL10 hypermorphs. In addition, we show that the SGT1/RAR1/HSP90 cochaperone complex was required for dwarfing and ectopic cell death, PAD4 and SID2 were partially required, and the immune regulators EDS1 and NDR1 were dispensable. All MSL10 hypermorphs exhibited reduced susceptibility to infection by P. syringae strain Pto DC3000 and Pto DC3000 expressing the avirulence genes avrRpt2 or avrRpm1 but not Pto DC3000 hrpL and showed an accelerated induction of PR1 expression compared with wild-type plants. Null msl10-1 mutants were delayed in PR1 induction and displayed modest susceptibility to infection by coronatine-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato. Finally, stomatal closure was reduced in msl10-1 loss-of-function mutants in response to P. syringae pv. tomato COR-. These data show that MSL10 modulates pathogen responses and begin to address the possibility that mechanical signals are exploited by the plant for pathogen perception.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Basu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | - Jennette M Codjoe
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | - Kira M Veley
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
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24
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OzTracs: Optical Osmolality Reporters Engineered from Mechanosensitive Ion Channels. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060787. [PMID: 35740912 PMCID: PMC9221499 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between physical forces and membrane proteins underpin many forms of environmental sensation and acclimation. Microbes survive osmotic stresses with the help of mechanically gated ion channels and osmolyte transporters. Plant mechanosensitive ion channels have been shown to function in defense signaling. Here, we engineered genetically encoded osmolality sensors (OzTracs) by fusing fluorescent protein spectral variants to the mechanosensitive ion channels MscL from E. coli or MSL10 from A. thaliana. When expressed in yeast cells, the OzTrac sensors reported osmolality changes as a proportional change in the emission ratio of the two fluorescent protein domains. Live-cell imaging revealed an accumulation of fluorescent sensors in internal aggregates, presumably derived from the endomembrane system. Thus, OzTrac sensors serve as osmolality-dependent reporters through an indirect mechanism, such as effects on molecular crowding or fluorophore solvation.
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25
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Darwish E, Ghosh R, Ontiveros-Cisneros A, Tran HC, Petersson M, De Milde L, Broda M, Goossens A, Van Moerkercke A, Khan K, Van Aken O. Touch signaling and thigmomorphogenesis are regulated by complementary CAMTA3- and JA-dependent pathways. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm2091. [PMID: 35594358 PMCID: PMC9122320 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to mechanical stimuli to direct their growth and counteract environmental threats. Mechanical stimulation triggers rapid gene expression changes and affects plant appearance (thigmomorphogenesis) and flowering. Previous studies reported the importance of jasmonic acid (JA) in touch signaling. Here, we used reverse genetics to further characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying touch signaling. We show that Piezo mechanosensitive ion channels have no major role in touch-induced gene expression and thigmomorphogenesis. In contrast, the receptor-like kinase Feronia acts as a strong negative regulator of the JA-dependent branch of touch signaling. Last, we show that calmodulin-binding transcriptional activators CAMTA1/2/3 are key regulators of JA-independent touch signaling. CAMTA1/2/3 cooperate to directly bind the promoters and activate gene expression of JA-independent touch marker genes like TCH2 and TCH4. In agreement, camta3 mutants show a near complete loss of thigmomorphogenesis and touch-induced delay of flowering. In conclusion, we have now identified key regulators of two independent touch-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Martyna Broda
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Kasim Khan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Abstract
Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal turgor pressure and the mechanical resistance of the surrounding cell wall, which constitutes the interface between plant cells and their environment. The state and integrity of the cell wall are constantly monitored by cell wall surveillance pathways, which relay information to the cell interior. A recent surge of discoveries has led to significant advances in both mechanistic and conceptual insights into a multitude of cell wall response pathways that play diverse roles in the development, defense, stress response, and maintenance of structural integrity of the cell. However, these advances have also revealed the complexity of cell wall sensing, and many more questions remain to be answered, for example, regarding the mechanisms of cell wall perception, the molecular players in this process, and how cell wall-related signals are transduced and integrated into cellular behavior. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic and conceptual insights obtained so far and highlights areas for future discoveries in this exciting area of plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany;
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27
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Lee K, Seo PJ. Wound-Induced Systemic Responses and Their Coordination by Electrical Signals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880680. [PMID: 35665138 PMCID: PMC9158525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wounding not only induces the expression of damage-responsive genes, but also initiates physiological changes, such as tissue repair, vascular reconnection, and de novo organogenesis in locally damaged tissues. Wound-induced signals also propagate from the site of wounding to distal organs to elicit a systemic response. Electrical signaling, which is the most conserved type of systemic signaling in eukaryotes, is triggered by wound-induced membrane potential changes. Changes in membrane potential spread toward systemic tissues in synergy with chemical and hydraulic signals. Here, we review current knowledge on wound-induced local and systemic responses in plants. We focus particularly on how wound-activated plasma membrane-localized ion channels and pumps propagate systemic information about wounding to induce downstream molecular responses in distal tissues. Finally, we propose future studies that could lead to a better understanding of plant electrical signals and their role in physiological responses to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Brenya E, Pervin M, Chen ZH, Tissue DT, Johnson S, Braam J, Cazzonelli CI. Mechanical stress acclimation in plants: Linking hormones and somatic memory to thigmomorphogenesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:989-1010. [PMID: 34984703 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A single event of mechanical stimulation is perceived by mechanoreceptors that transduce rapid transient signalling to regulate gene expression. Prolonged mechanical stress for days to weeks culminates in cellular changes that strengthen the plant architecture leading to thigmomorphogenesis. The convergence of multiple signalling pathways regulates mechanically induced tolerance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Emerging evidence showed prolonged mechanical stimulation can modify the baseline level of gene expression in naive tissues, heighten gene expression, and prime disease resistance upon a subsequent pathogen encounter. The phenotypes of thigmomorphogenesis can persist throughout growth without continued stimulation, revealing somatic-stress memory. Epigenetic processes regulate TOUCH gene expression and could program transcriptional memory in differentiating cells to program thigmomorphogenesis. We discuss the early perception, gene regulatory and phytohormone pathways that facilitate thigmomorphogenesis and mechanical stress acclimation in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We provide insights regarding: (1) the regulatory mechanisms induced by single or prolonged events of mechanical stress, (2) how mechanical stress confers transcriptional memory to induce cross-acclimation to future stress, and (3) why thigmomorphogenesis might resemble an epigenetic phenomenon. Deeper knowledge of how prolonged mechanical stimulation programs somatic memory and primes defence acclimation could transform solutions to improve agricultural sustainability in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brenya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahfuza Pervin
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet Braam
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Entanglement of Arabidopsis Seedlings to a Mesh Substrate under Microgravity Conditions in KIBO on the ISS. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070956. [PMID: 35406935 PMCID: PMC9003378 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The International Space Station (ISS) provides a precious opportunity to study plant growth and development under microgravity (micro-G) conditions. In this study, four lines of Arabidopsis seeds (wild type, wild-type MCA1-GFP, mca1-knockout, and MCA1-overexpressed) were cultured on a nylon lace mesh placed on Gelrite-solidified MS-medium in the Japanese experiment module KIBO on the ISS, and the entanglement of roots with the mesh was examined under micro-G and 1-G conditions. We found that root entanglement with the mesh was enhanced, and root coiling was induced under the micro-G condition. This behavior was less pronounced in mca1-knockout seedlings, although MCA1-GFP distribution at the root tip of the seedlings was nearly the same in micro-G-grown seedlings and the ground control seedlings. Possible involvement of MCA1 in the root entanglement is discussed.
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30
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Guo J, He J, Dehesh K, Cui X, Yang Z. CamelliA-based simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ dynamics in subcellular compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2253-2271. [PMID: 35218352 PMCID: PMC8968278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a universal second messenger, calcium (Ca2+) transmits specific cellular signals via a spatiotemporal signature generated from its extracellular source and internal stores. Our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the generation of a Ca2+ signature is hampered by limited tools for simultaneously monitoring dynamic Ca2+ levels in multiple subcellular compartments. To overcome the limitation and to further improve spatiotemporal resolutions, we have assembled a molecular toolset (CamelliA lines) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that enables simultaneous and high-resolution monitoring of Ca2+ dynamics in multiple subcellular compartments through imaging different single-colored genetically encoded calcium indicators. We uncovered several Ca2+ signatures in three types of Arabidopsis cells in response to internal and external cues, including rapid oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ and apical plasma membrane Ca2+ influx in fast-growing Arabidopsis pollen tubes, the spatiotemporal relationship of Ca2+ dynamics in four subcellular compartments of root epidermal cells challenged with salt, and a shockwave-like Ca2+ wave propagating in laser-wounded leaf epidermis. These observations serve as a testimony to the wide applicability of the CamelliA lines for elucidating the subcellular sources contributing to the Ca2+ signatures in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Guo
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Jiangman He
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
| | - Xinping Cui
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, 92521 California, USA
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31
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Structural insights into the Venus flytrap mechanosensitive ion channel Flycatcher1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:850. [PMID: 35165281 PMCID: PMC8844309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flycatcher1 (FLYC1), a MscS homolog, has recently been identified as a candidate mechanosensitive (MS) ion channel involved in Venus flytrap prey recognition. FLYC1 is a larger protein and its sequence diverges from previously studied MscS homologs, suggesting it has unique structural features that contribute to its function. Here, we characterize FLYC1 by cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and electrophysiology. Akin to bacterial MscS and plant MSL1 channels, we find that FLYC1 central core includes side portals in the cytoplasmic cage that regulate ion preference and conduction, by identifying critical residues that modulate channel conductance. Topologically unique cytoplasmic flanking regions can adopt ‘up’ or ‘down’ conformations, making the channel asymmetric. Disruption of an up conformation-specific interaction severely delays channel deactivation by 40-fold likely due to stabilization of the channel open state. Our results illustrate novel structural features and likely conformational transitions that regulate mechano-gating of FLYC1. Flycatcher1 (FLYC1) is a candidate mechanosensitive channel involved in Venus flytrap touch-induced prey capture. Here, the authors report structural and functional details of FLYC1, with insights into gating conformational transitions.
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32
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Xu T, Niu J, Jiang Z. Sensing Mechanisms: Calcium Signaling Mediated Abiotic Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925863. [PMID: 35769297 PMCID: PMC9234572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses. The sensing of environmental cues and the transduction of stress signals into intracellular signaling are initial events in the cellular signaling network. As a second messenger, Ca2+ links environmental stimuli to different biological processes, such as growth, physiology, and sensing of and response to stress. An increase in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) is a common event in most stress-induced signal transduction pathways. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research related to the early events of stress signaling in plants, particularly in the identification of primary stress sensors. This review highlights current advances that are beginning to elucidate the mechanisms by which abiotic environmental cues are sensed via Ca2+ signals. Additionally, this review discusses important questions about the integration of the sensing of multiple stress conditions and subsequent signaling responses that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghao Jiang,
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Plant Viruses Can Alter Aphid-Triggered Calcium Elevations in Infected Leaves. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123534. [PMID: 34944040 PMCID: PMC8700420 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alighting aphids probe a new host plant by intracellular test punctures for suitability. These induce immediate calcium signals that emanate from the punctured sites and might be the first step in plant recognition of aphid feeding and the subsequent elicitation of plant defence responses. Calcium is also involved in the transmission of non-persistent plant viruses that are acquired by aphids during test punctures. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether viral infection alters calcium signalling. For this, calcium signals triggered by aphids were imaged on transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the cytosolic FRET-based calcium reporter YC3.6-NES and infected with the non-persistent viruses cauliflower mosaic (CaMV) and turnip mosaic (TuMV), or the persistent virus, turnip yellows (TuYV). Aphids were placed on infected leaves and calcium elevations were recorded by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Calcium signal velocities were significantly slower in plants infected with CaMV or TuMV and signal areas were smaller in CaMV-infected plants. Transmission tests using CaMV-infected Arabidopsis mutants impaired in pathogen perception or in the generation of calcium signals revealed no differences in transmission efficiency. A transcriptomic meta-analysis indicated significant changes in expression of receptor-like kinases in the BAK1 pathway as well as of calcium channels in CaMV- and TuMV-infected plants. Taken together, infection with CaMV and TuMV, but not with TuYV, impacts aphid-induced calcium signalling. This suggests that viruses can modify plant responses to aphids from the very first vector/host contact.
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34
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Tran D, Petitjean H, Chebli Y, Geitmann A, Sharif-Naeini R. Mechanosensitive ion channels contribute to mechanically evoked rapid leaflet movement in Mimosa pudica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1704-1712. [PMID: 34734277 PMCID: PMC8566232 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoperception, the ability to perceive and respond to mechanical stimuli, is a common and fundamental property of all forms of life. Vascular plants such as Mimosa pudica use this function to protect themselves against herbivory. The mechanical stimulus caused by a landing insect triggers a rapid closing of the leaflets that drives the potential pest away. While this thigmonastic movement is caused by ion fluxes accompanied by a rapid change of volume in the pulvini, the mechanism responsible for the detection of the mechanical stimulus remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in the first step of this evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism: the mechanically evoked closing of the leaflet. Our results demonstrate that the key site of mechanosensation in the Mimosa leaflets is the pulvinule, which expresses a stretch-activated chloride-permeable mechanosensitive ion channel. Blocking these channels partially prevents the closure of the leaflets following mechanical stimulation. These results demonstrate a direct relation between the activity of mechanosensitive ion channels and a central defense mechanism of M. pudica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G0B1
| | - Hugues Petitjean
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G0B1
| | - Youssef Chebli
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
| | - Reza Sharif-Naeini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G0B1
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35
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MCAs in Arabidopsis are Ca 2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels inherently sensitive to membrane tension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6074. [PMID: 34667173 PMCID: PMC8526687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels respond to mechanical stress and convert it into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Five MS channel families have been identified in plants, including the Mid1-Complementing Activity (MCA) channel; however, its activation mechanisms have not been elucidated in detail. We herein demonstrate that the MCA2 channel is a Ca2+-permeable MS channel that is directly activated by membrane tension. The N-terminal 173 residues of MCA1 and MCA2 were synthesized in vitro, purified, and reconstituted into artificial liposomal membranes. Liposomes reconstituted with MCA1(1-173) or MCA2(1-173) mediate Ca2+ influx and the application of pressure to the membrane reconstituted with MCA2(1-173) elicits channel currents. This channel is also activated by voltage. Blockers for MS channels inhibit activation by stretch, but not by voltage. Since MCA proteins are found exclusively in plants, these results suggest that MCA represent plant-specific MS channels that open directly with membrane tension. Mechanosensitive ion channels convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis MCA2 is a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel that is directly activated by membrane tension.
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36
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Gilliard G, Huby E, Cordelier S, Ongena M, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Deleu M. Protoplast: A Valuable Toolbox to Investigate Plant Stress Perception and Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749581. [PMID: 34675954 PMCID: PMC8523952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly facing abiotic and biotic stresses. To continue to thrive in their environment, they have developed many sophisticated mechanisms to perceive these stresses and provide an appropriate response. There are many ways to study these stress signals in plant, and among them, protoplasts appear to provide a unique experimental system. As plant cells devoid of cell wall, protoplasts allow observations at the individual cell level. They also offer a prime access to the plasma membrane and an original view on the inside of the cell. In this regard, protoplasts are particularly useful to address essential biological questions regarding stress response, such as protein signaling, ion fluxes, ROS production, and plasma membrane dynamics. Here, the tools associated with protoplasts to comprehend plant stress signaling are overviewed and their potential to decipher plant defense mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Huby
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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37
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Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910715. [PMID: 34639056 PMCID: PMC8509212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.
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38
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Moe-Lange J, Gappel NM, Machado M, Wudick MM, Sies CSA, Schott-Verdugo SN, Bonus M, Mishra S, Hartwig T, Bezrutczyk M, Basu D, Farmer EE, Gohlke H, Malkovskiy A, Haswell ES, Lercher MJ, Ehrhardt DW, Frommer WB, Kleist TJ. Interdependence of a mechanosensitive anion channel and glutamate receptors in distal wound signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg4298. [PMID: 34516872 PMCID: PMC8442888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate has dual roles in metabolism and signaling; thus, signaling functions must be isolatable and distinct from metabolic fluctuations, as seen in low-glutamate domains at synapses. In plants, wounding triggers electrical and calcium (Ca2+) signaling, which involve homologs of mammalian glutamate receptors. The hydraulic dispersal and squeeze-cell hypotheses implicate pressure as a key component of systemic signaling. Here, we identify the stretch-activated anion channel MSL10 as necessary for proper wound-induced electrical and Ca2+ signaling. Wound gene induction, genetics, and Ca2+ imaging indicate that MSL10 acts in the same pathway as the glutamate receptor–like proteins (GLRs). Analogous to mammalian NMDA glutamate receptors, GLRs may serve as coincidence detectors gated by the combined requirement for ligand binding and membrane depolarization, here mediated by stretch activation of MSL10. This study provides a molecular genetic basis for a role of mechanical signal perception and the transmission of long-distance electrical and Ca2+ signals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Moe-Lange
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicoline M. Gappel
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mackenzie Machado
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael M. Wudick
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cosima S. A. Sies
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan N. Schott-Verdugo
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, CL-3460000 Talca, Chile
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Bioinformatics), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michele Bonus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Swastik Mishra
- Computational Cell Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Debarati Basu
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Edward E. Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Bioinformatics), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrey Malkovskiy
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Haswell
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Martin J. Lercher
- Computational Cell Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David W. Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wolf B. Frommer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Thomas J. Kleist
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Saikia E, Läubli NF, Vogler H, Rüggeberg M, Herrmann HJ, Burgert I, Burri JT, Nelson BJ, Grossniklaus U, Wittel FK. Mechanical factors contributing to the Venus flytrap's rate-dependent response to stimuli. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2287-2297. [PMID: 34431032 PMCID: PMC8595191 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The sensory hairs of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) detect mechanical stimuli imparted by their prey and fire bursts of electrical signals called action potentials (APs). APs are elicited when the hairs are sufficiently stimulated and two consecutive APs can trigger closure of the trap. Earlier experiments have identified thresholds for the relevant stimulus parameters, namely the angular displacement \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω. However, these experiments could not trace the deformation of the trigger hair’s sensory cells, which are known to transduce the mechanical stimulus. To understand the kinematics at the cellular level, we investigate the role of two relevant mechanical phenomena: viscoelasticity and intercellular fluid transport using a multi-scale numerical model of the sensory hair. We hypothesize that the combined influence of these two phenomena and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω contribute to the flytrap’s rate-dependent response to stimuli. In this study, we firstly perform sustained deflection tests on the hair to estimate the viscoelastic material properties of the tissue. Thereafter, through simulations of hair deflection tests at different loading rates, we were able to establish a multi-scale kinematic link between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\delta $$\end{document}δ. Furthermore, we find that the rate at which \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω. This suggests that mechanosensitive ion channels, expected to be stretch-activated and localized in the plasma membrane of the sensory cells, could be additionally sensitive to the rate at which stretch is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eashan Saikia
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Nino F Läubli
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans J Herrmann
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, École Supérieur de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology-EMPA, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, 8600, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan T Burri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Falk K Wittel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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40
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Li JH, Fan LF, Zhao DJ, Zhou Q, Yao JP, Wang ZY, Huang L. Plant electrical signals: A multidisciplinary challenge. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153418. [PMID: 33887526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant electrical signals, an early event in the plant-stimulus interaction, rapidly transmit information generated by the stimulus to other organs, and even the whole plant, to promote the corresponding response and trigger a regulatory cascade. In recent years, many promising state-of-the-art technologies applicable to study plant electrophysiology have emerged. Research focused on expression of genes associated with electrical signals has also proliferated. We propose that it is appropriate for plant electrical signals to be considered in the form of a "plant electrophysiological phenotype". This review synthesizes research on plant electrical signals from a novel, interdisciplinary perspective, which is needed to improve the efficient aggregation and use of plant electrical signal data and to expedite interpretation of plant electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Feng Fan
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong-Jie Zhao
- Institute for Future (IFF), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie-Peng Yao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Wang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
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41
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Heng H, Guoqiang H, Jin S, Fengli Z, Dabing Z. Bioinformatics analysis for Piezo in rice. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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42
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Cellular transduction of mechanical oscillations in plants by the plasma-membrane mechanosensitive channel MSL10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:1919402118. [PMID: 33372153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919402118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants spend most of their life oscillating around 1-3 Hz due to the effect of the wind. Therefore, stems and foliage experience repetitive mechanical stresses through these passive movements. However, the mechanism of the cellular perception and transduction of such recurring mechanical signals remains an open question. Multimeric protein complexes forming mechanosensitive (MS) channels embedded in the membrane provide an efficient system to rapidly convert mechanical tension into an electrical signal. So far, studies have mostly focused on nonoscillatory stretching of these channels. Here, we show that the plasma-membrane MS channel MscS-LIKE 10 (MSL10) from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana responds to pulsed membrane stretching with rapid activation and relaxation kinetics in the range of 1 s. Under sinusoidal membrane stretching MSL10 presents a greater activity than under static stimulation. We observed this amplification mostly in the range of 0.3-3 Hz. Above these frequencies the channel activity is very close to that under static conditions. With a localization in aerial organs naturally submitted to wind-driven oscillations, our results suggest that the MS channel MSL10, and by extension MS channels sharing similar properties, represents a molecular component allowing the perception of oscillatory mechanical stimulations by plants.
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43
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Ghosh R, Barbacci A, Leblanc-Fournier N. Mechanostimulation: a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture practices. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2877-2888. [PMID: 33512423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants memorize events associated with environmental fluctuations. The integration of environmental signals into molecular memory allows plants to cope with future stressors more efficiently-a phenomenon that is known as 'priming'. Primed plants are more resilient to environmental stresses than non-primed plants, as they are capable of triggering more robust and faster defence responses. Interestingly, exposure to various forms of mechanical stimuli (e.g. touch, wind, or sound vibration) enhances plants' basal defence responses and stress tolerance. Thus, mechanostimulation appears to be a potential priming method and a promising alternative to chemical-based priming for sustainable agriculture. According to the currently available method, mechanical treatment needs to be repeated over a month to alter plant growth and defence responses. Such a long treatment protocol restricts its applicability to fast-growing crops. To optimize the protocol for a broad range of crops, we need to understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant mechanoresponses, which are complex and depend on the frequency, intervals, and duration of the mechanical treatment. In this review, we synthesize the molecular underpinnings of plant mechanoperception and signal transduction to gain a mechanistic understanding of the process of mechanostimulated priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Ghosh
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie intégratives de l'Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adelin Barbacci
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie intégratives de l'Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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44
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Zhou X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Guo J, Lin W, Van Norman JM, Qin Y, Zhu X, Yang Z. Membrane receptor-mediated mechano-transduction maintains cell integrity during pollen tube growth within the pistil. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1030-1042.e6. [PMID: 33756107 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive or penetrative growth is critical for developmental and reproductive processes (e.g., pollen tube penetration of pistils) and disease progression (e.g., cancer metastasis and fungal hyphae invasion). The invading or penetrating cells experience drastic changes in mechanical pressure from the surroundings and must balance growth with cell integrity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen tubes sense and/or respond to mechanical changes via a cell-surface receptor kinase Buddha's Paper Seal 1 (BUPS1) while emerging from compressing female tissues. BUPS1-defective pollen tubes fail to maintain cell integrity after emergence from these tissues. The mechano-transduction function of BUPS1 is established by using a microfluidic channel device mimicking the mechanical features of the in vivo growth path. BUPS1-based mechano-transduction activates Rho-like GTPase from Plant 1 (ROP1) GTPase to promote exocytosis that facilitates secretion of BUPS1's ligands for mechanical signal amplification and cell wall rigidification in pollen tubes. These findings uncover a membrane receptor-based mechano-transduction system for cells to cope with the physical challenges during invasive or penetrative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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45
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Procko C, Murthy S, Keenan WT, Mousavi SAR, Dabi T, Coombs A, Procko E, Baird L, Patapoutian A, Chory J. Stretch-activated ion channels identified in the touch-sensitive structures of carnivorous Droseraceae plants. eLife 2021; 10:e64250. [PMID: 33724187 PMCID: PMC7963481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to touch, some carnivorous plants such as the Venus flytrap have evolved spectacular movements to capture animals for nutrient acquisition. However, the molecules that confer this sensitivity remain unknown. We used comparative transcriptomics to show that expression of three genes encoding homologs of the MscS-Like (MSL) and OSCA/TMEM63 family of mechanosensitive ion channels are localized to touch-sensitive trigger hairs of Venus flytrap. We focus here on the candidate with the most enriched expression in trigger hairs, the MSL homolog FLYCATCHER1 (FLYC1). We show that FLYC1 transcripts are localized to mechanosensory cells within the trigger hair, transfecting FLYC1 induces chloride-permeable stretch-activated currents in naïve cells, and transcripts coding for FLYC1 homologs are expressed in touch-sensing cells of Cape sundew, a related carnivorous plant of the Droseraceae family. Our data suggest that the mechanism of prey recognition in carnivorous Droseraceae evolved by co-opting ancestral mechanosensitive ion channels to sense touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Swetha Murthy
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps ResearchSan DiegoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - William T Keenan
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps ResearchSan DiegoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Seyed Ali Reza Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps ResearchSan DiegoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Tsegaye Dabi
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Adam Coombs
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps ResearchSan DiegoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Biology, University of San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps ResearchSan DiegoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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46
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Abstract
Gravity determines shape of body tissue and affects the functions of life, both in plants and animals. The cellular response to gravity is an active process of mechanotransduction. Although plants and animals share some common mechanisms of gravity sensing in spite of their distant phylogenetic origin, each species has its own mechanism to sense and respond to gravity. In this review, we discuss current understanding regarding the mechanisms of cellular gravity sensing in plants and animals. Understanding gravisensing also contributes to life on Earth, e.g., understanding osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. Furthermore, in the current age of Mars exploration, understanding cellular responses to gravity will form the foundation of living in space.
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47
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The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca 2+ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca 2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:227. [PMID: 33420331 PMCID: PMC7794229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biphasic [Ca2+]c-increase composed of a fast-transient [Ca2+]c-increase followed by a slow [Ca2+]c-increase was observed. We find here a novel type [Ca2+]c-increase, designated a very slow [Ca2+]c-increase that is observed when the seedlings were rotated back to the upright position from the upside-down position. The very slow [Ca2+]c-increase was strongly attenuated in knockout seedlings defective in MCA1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel (MSCC), and was partially restored in MCA1-complemented seedlings. The mechanosensitive ion channel blocker, gadolinium, blocked the very slow [Ca2+]c-increase. This is the first report suggesting the possible involvement of MCA1 in an early event related to gravity sensing in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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48
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Mano H, Hasebe M. Rapid movements in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:3-17. [PMID: 33415544 PMCID: PMC7817606 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant movements are generally slow, but some plant species have evolved the ability to move very rapidly at speeds comparable to those of animals. Whereas movement in animals relies on the contraction machinery of muscles, many plant movements use turgor pressure as the primary driving force together with secondarily generated elastic forces. The movement of stomata is the best-characterized model system for studying turgor-driven movement, and many gene products responsible for this movement, especially those related to ion transport, have been identified. Similar gene products were recently shown to function in the daily sleep movements of pulvini, the motor organs for macroscopic leaf movements. However, it is difficult to explain the mechanisms behind rapid multicellular movements as a simple extension of the mechanisms used for unicellular or slow movements. For example, water transport through plant tissues imposes a limit on the speed of plant movements, which becomes more severe as the size of the moving part increases. Rapidly moving traps in carnivorous plants overcome this limitation with the aid of the mechanical behaviors of their three-dimensional structures. In addition to a mechanism for rapid deformation, rapid multicellular movements also require a molecular system for rapid cell-cell communication, along with a mechanosensing system that initiates the response. Electrical activities similar to animal action potentials are found in many plant species, representing promising candidates for the rapid cell-cell signaling behind rapid movements, but the molecular entities of these electrical signals remain obscure. Here we review the current understanding of rapid plant movements with the aim of encouraging further biological studies into this fascinating, challenging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mano
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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49
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Johnson SC, Veres J, Malcolm HR. Exploring the diversity of mechanosensitive channels in bacterial genomes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:25-36. [PMID: 33244613 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are responsible for touch sensation and proprioception in higher level organisms such as humans and recovery after osmotic stress in bacteria. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are homologous to either the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) or the mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS). In the E. coli genome there are seven unique mechanosensitive channels, a single MscL homologue, and six MscS homologues. The six MscS homologues are members of the diverse MscS superfamily of ion channels, and these channels show variation on both the N and C termini when compared to E. coli MscS. In bacterial strains with phenotypic analysis of the endogenous mechanosensors, the quantity of MscS superfamily members in the genome range from 2 to 6 and all of the strains contain a copy of MscL. Here, we show an in-depth analysis of over 150 diverse bacterial genomes, encompassing nine phyla, to determine the number of genomes that contain an MscL homologue and the average number of MscS superfamily members per genome. We determined that the average genome contains 4 ± 3 MscS homologues and 67% of bacterial genomes encode for a MscL homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jordyn Veres
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hannah R Malcolm
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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50
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Kaur A, Taneja M, Tyagi S, Sharma A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis suggested diverse functions of the mechanosensitive channel of small conductance-like (MSL) genes in cereal crops. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16583. [PMID: 33024170 PMCID: PMC7538590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that allow ions to move down their electrochemical gradient in response to mechanical stimuli. They participate in many plant developmental processes including the maintenance of plastid shape, pollen tube growth, etc. Herein, a total of 11, 10, 6, 30, 9, and 8 MSL genes were identified in Aegilops tauschii, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Zea mays, respectively. These genes were located on various chromosomes of their respective cereal, while MSLs of T. urartu were found on scaffolds. The phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, and sequence homology suggested clustering of MSLs into two classes. These genes consisted of cis-regulatory elements related to growth and development, responsive to light, hormone, and stress. Differential expression of various MSL genes in tissue developmental stages and stress conditions revealed their precise role in development and stress responses. Altered expression during CaCl2 stress suggested their role in Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling. The co-expression analysis suggested their interactions with other genes involved in growth, defense responses etc. A comparative expression profiling of paralogous genes revealed either retention of function or pseudo-functionalization. The present study unfolded various characteristics of MSLs in cereals, which will facilitate their in-depth functional characterization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mehak Taneja
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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