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Guo X, Li J, Li M, Zhou B, Zheng S, Li L. A molecular module connects abscisic acid with auxin signals to facilitate seasonal wood formation in Populus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Perennial trees have a recurring annual cycle of wood formation in response to environmental fluctuations. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate the seasonal formation of wood remain poorly understood. Our prior study indicates that VCM1 and VCM2 play a vital role in regulating the activity of the vascular cambium by controlling the auxin homoeostasis of the cambium zone in Populus. This study indicates that abscisic acid (ABA) affects the expression of VCM1 and VCM2, which display seasonal fluctuations in relation to photoperiod changes. ABA-responsive transcription factors AREB4 and AREB13, which are predominantly expressed in stem secondary vascular tissue, bind to VCM1 and VCM2 promoters to induce their expression. Seasonal changes in the photoperiod affect the ABA amount, which is linked to auxin-regulated cambium activity via the functions of VCM1 and VCM2. Thus, the study reveals that AREB4/AREB13-VCM1/VCM2-PIN5b acts as a molecular module connecting ABA and auxin signals to control vascular cambium activity in seasonal wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Guo
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Feng Q, Long T, Ding J, Shu P, Deng H, Yu P, Tan W, Liu S, Rodriguez LG, Wang L, Resco de Dios V, Yao Y. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5a modulates FLOWERING LOCUS T2 and gibberellin levels to control dormancy and bud break in poplar. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1963-1984. [PMID: 38271284 PMCID: PMC11062467 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue for phenological responses, including growth cessation and winter dormancy in perennial woody plants. Two regulatory modules within the photoperiod pathway explain bud dormancy induction in poplar (Populus spp.): the circadian oscillator LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (LHY2) and GIGANTEA-like genes (GIs) both regulate the key target for winter dormancy induction FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2). However, modification of LHY2 and GIs cannot completely prevent growth cessation and bud set under short-day (SD) conditions, indicating that additional regulatory modules are likely involved. We identified PtoHY5a, an orthologs of the photomorphogenesis regulatory factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in poplar (Populus tomentosa), that directly activates PtoFT2 expression and represses the circadian oscillation of LHY2, indirectly activating PtoFT2 expression. Thus, PtoHY5a suppresses SD-induced growth cessation and bud set. Accordingly, PtoHY5a knockout facilitates dormancy induction. PtoHY5a also inhibits bud-break in poplar by controlling gibberellic acid (GA) levels in apical buds. Additionally, PtoHY5a regulates the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth downstream of phytochrome PHYB2. Thus, PtoHY5a modulates seasonal growth in poplar by regulating the PtoPHYB2-PtoHY5a-PtoFT2 module to determine the onset of winter dormancy, and by fine-tuning GA levels to control bud-break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Tao Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Peizhi Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lucas Gutierrez Rodriguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
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Ahmad S, Lu C, Gao J, Wei Y, Xie Q, Jin J, Zhu G, Yang F. Integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiling reveals that the gibberellin-abscisic acid hub runs flower development in the Chinese orchid Cymbidium sinense. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae073. [PMID: 38738212 PMCID: PMC11088716 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The seasonal flowering Chinese Cymbidium produce an axillary floral meristem and require a dormancy period during cold conditions for flower development. However, the bud activation mechanism remains elusive. This study evaluates the multi-omics across six stages of flower development, along with functional analysis of core genes to decipher the innate mechanism of floral bud initiation and outgrowth in the Chinese orchid Cymbidium sinense. Transcriptome and proteome analyses identified 10 modules with essential roles in floral bud dormancy and activation. Gene clusters in the early stages of flower development were mainly related to flowering time regulation and meristem determination, while the late stages were correlated with hormone signaling pathways. The metabolome identified 69 potential hormones in which gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were the main regulatory hubs, and GA4 and GA53 exhibited a reciprocal loop. Extraneous GA application caused rapid elongation of flower buds and promoted the expression of flower development genes. Contrarily, exogenous ABA application extended the dormancy process and ABA inhibitors induced dormancy release. Moreover, CsAPETALA1 (CsAP1) was identified as the potential target of ABA for floral bud activation. Transformation of CsAP1 in Arabidopsis and its transient overexpression in C. sinense protoplasts not only affected flowering time and floral organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis but also orchestrated the expression of flowering and hormone regulatory genes. The presence of ABA response elements in the CsAP1 promoter, rapid downregulation of CsAP1 after exogenous ABA application, and the activation of the floral bud after ABA inhibitor treatment suggest that ABA can control bud outgrowth through CsAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang T, Wang X, Yuan Y, Zhu S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gai S. PsmiR159b- PsMYB65 module functions in the resumption of bud growth after endodormancy by affecting the cell cycle in tree peony. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae052. [PMID: 38638681 PMCID: PMC11025381 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy in perennial plants is a sophisticated system that adapts to seasonal climatic changes. Growth-promoting signals such as low temperature and gibberellins (GAs) are crucial for facilitating budbreak following endodormancy release (EDR). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying GA-mediated budbreak in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) remain unclear. In tree peony, the expression of PsmiR159b among three differentially expressed miR159 members was inhibited with the prolonged chilling, and overexpression of PsMIR159b delayed budbreak, whereas silencing PsmiR159b promoted budbreak after dormancy. PsMYB65, a downstream transcription factor in the GA pathway, was induced by prolonged chilling and exogenous GA3 treatments. PsMYB65 was identified as a target of PsmiR159b, and promoted budbreak in tree peony. RNA-seq of PsMYB65-slienced buds revealed significant enrichment in the GO terms regulation of 'cell cycle' and 'DNA replication' among differentially expressed genes. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PsMYB65 directly bound to the promoter of the type-D cyclin gene PsCYCD3;1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that PsMYB65 positively regulate PsCYCD3;1 expression, suggesting that miR159b-PsMYB65 module contributes to budbreak by influencing the cell cycle. Our findings revealed that the PsmiR159b-PsMYB65 module functioned in budbreak after dormancy by regulating cell proliferation, providing valuable insights into the endodormancy release regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoujie Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Jose-Santhi J, Sheikh FR, Kalia D, Sood R, Kumar R, Acharya V, Singh RK. Transcriptional dynamics in source-sink tissues identifies molecular factors regulating the corm development process in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14285. [PMID: 38606764 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Geophytic plants have evolved to develop underground storage organs (USO) in the active growing season to withstand harsh environments as well as to coordinate growth and reproduction when conditions are favourable. Saffron is an autumn flowering geophyte and an expensive spice crop restricted to certain geographical locations in the world. Saffron, being sterile, does not produce seeds and thus propagates only through corms, the quality of which determines its yield. Corm development in saffron is unexplored and the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive. In this study, we performed an extensive characterisation of the transcriptional dynamics in the source (leaf) and sink (corm) tissues during corm development in saffron. KEY RESULTS Via morphological and transcriptome studies, we identified molecular factors regulating corm development process in saffron, which defined corm development into three stages: the initiation stage demonstrates enhanced vegetative growth aboveground and swelling of shoot base belowground due to active cell division & carbohydrate storage; the bulking stage comprises of increased source and sink strength, active photosynthesis, circadian gating and starch accumulation; the maturation stage represents reduced source and sink strength, lowered photosynthesis, sugar transport, starch synthesis and cell cycle arrest. UTILITY The global view of transcriptional changes in source and sink identifies similar and new molecular factors involved in the saffron corm development process compared to USO formation in other geophytes and provides a valuable resource for dissecting the molecular network underlying the corm development. We propose a hypothetical model based on data analysis, of how molecular factors via environmental cues can regulate the corm development process in saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jose-Santhi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Firdous Rasool Sheikh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Diksha Kalia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Riya Sood
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Wei H, Luo M, Deng J, Xiao Y, Yan H, Liu H, Li Y, Song Q, Xiao X, Shen J, Kong H, Sun F, Luo K. SPL16 and SPL23 mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in Populus trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1646-1661. [PMID: 38115785 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Perennial trees in boreal and temperate regions undergo growth cessation and bud set under short photoperiods, which are regulated by phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptors and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8) proteins. However, the direct signaling components downstream of the phyB-PIF8 module remain unclear. We found that short photoperiods suppressed the expression of miR156, while upregulated the expression of miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 16 (SPL16) and SPL23 in leaves and shoot apices of Populus trees. Accordingly, either overexpression of MIR156a/c or mutagenesis of SPL16/23 resulted in the attenuation of growth cessation and bud set under short days (SD), whereas overexpression of SPL16 and SPL23 conferred early growth cessation. We further showed that SPL16 and SPL23 directly suppressed FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression while promoted BRANCHED1 (BRC1.1 and BRC1.2) expression. Moreover, we revealed that PIF8.1/8.2, positive regulators of growth cessation, directly bound to promoters of MIR156a and MIR156c and inhibited their expression to modulate downstream pathways. Our results reveal a connection between the phyB-PIF8 module-mediated photoperiod perception and the miR156-SPL16/23-FT2/BRC1 regulatory cascades in SD-induced growth cessation. Our study provides insights into the rewiring of a conserved miR156-SPL module in the regulation of seasonal growth in Populus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengting Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huiting Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingyue Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junlong Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hanying Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Zhao B, Wang JW. Perenniality: From model plants to applications in agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:141-157. [PMID: 38115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments. One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies, particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death, while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally. This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors. Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common, perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses. This proportion, however, is reversed in agriculture. Hence, perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops, progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials, and many developed species await further improvement. Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation. This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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9
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Liao X, Su Y, Klintenäs M, Li Y, Sane S, Wu Z, Chen Q, Zhang B, Nilsson O, Ding J. Age-dependent seasonal growth cessation in Populus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311226120. [PMID: 37991940 PMCID: PMC10691234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311226120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In temperate and boreal regions, perennial plants adapt their annual growth cycle to the change of seasons. In natural forests, juvenile seedlings usually display longer growth seasons compared to adult trees to ensure their establishment and survival under canopy shade. However, how trees adjust their annual growth according to their age is not known. In this study, we show that age-dependent seasonal growth cessation is genetically controlled and found that the miR156-SPL3/5 module, a key regulon of vegetative phase change (VPC), also triggers age-dependent growth cessation in Populus trees. We show that miR156 promotes shoot elongation during vegetative growth, and its targets SPL3/5s function in the same pathway but as repressors. We find that the miR156-SPL3/5s regulon controls growth cessation in both leaves and shoot apices and through multiple pathways, but with a different mechanism compared to how the miR156-SPL regulon controls VPC in annual plants. Taken together, our results reveal an age-dependent genetic network in mediating seasonal growth cessation, a key phenological process in the climate adaptation of perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Yunjie Su
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Maria Klintenäs
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Shashank Sane
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Zhihao Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå901 83, Sweden
| | - Jihua Ding
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
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10
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Pan W, Li J, Du Y, Zhao Y, Xin Y, Wang S, Liu C, Lin Z, Fang S, Yang Y, Zaccai M, Zhang X, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. Epigenetic silencing of callose synthase by VIL1 promotes bud-growth transition in lily bulbs. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1451-1467. [PMID: 37563458 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, restoring intercellular communication is required for cell activity in buds during the growth transition from slow to fast growth after dormancy release. However, the epigenetic regulation of this phenomenon is far from understood. Here we demonstrate that lily VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (LoVIL1) confers growth transition by mediating plasmodesmata opening via epigenetic repression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 (LoCALS3). Moreover, we found that a novel transcription factor, NUCLEAR FACTOR Y, SUBUNIT A7 (LoNFYA7), is capable of recruiting the LoVIL1-Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and enhancing H3K27me3 at the LoCALS3 locus by recognizing the CCAAT cis-element (Cce) of its promoter. The LoNFYA7-LoVIL1 module serves as a key player in orchestrating the phase transition from slow to fast growth in lily bulbs. These studies also indicate that LoVIL1 is a suitable marker for the bud-growth-transition trait following dormancy release in lily cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaozhong Fang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Yang
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhao YL, Li Y, Cao K, Yao JL, Bie HL, Khan IA, Fang WC, Chen CW, Wang XW, Wu JL, Guo WW, Wang LR. MADS-box protein PpDAM6 regulates chilling requirement-mediated dormancy and bud break in peach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:448-465. [PMID: 37217835 PMCID: PMC10469376 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is crucial for winter survival and is characterized by the inability of the bud meristem to respond to growth-promotive signals before the chilling requirement (CR) is met. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating CR and bud dormancy remains limited. This study identified PpDAM6 (DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box) as a key gene for CR using a genome-wide association study analysis based on structural variations in 345 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) accessions. The function of PpDAM6 in CR regulation was demonstrated by transiently silencing the gene in peach buds and stably overexpressing the gene in transgenic apple (Malus × domestica) plants. The results showed an evolutionarily conserved function of PpDAM6 in regulating bud dormancy release, followed by vegetative growth and flowering, in peach and apple. The 30-bp deletion in the PpDAM6 promoter was substantially associated with reducing PpDAM6 expression in low-CR accessions. A PCR marker based on the 30-bp indel was developed to distinguish peach plants with non-low and low CR. Modification of the H3K27me3 marker at the PpDAM6 locus showed no apparent change across the dormancy process in low- and non-low- CR cultivars. Additionally, H3K27me3 modification occurred earlier in low-CR cultivars on a genome-wide scale. PpDAM6 could mediate cell-cell communication by inducing the expression of the downstream genes PpNCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1), encoding a key enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, and CALS (CALLOSE SYNTHASE), encoding callose synthase. We shed light on a gene regulatory network formed by PpDAM6-containing complexes that mediate CR underlying dormancy and bud break in peach. A better understanding of the genetic basis for natural variations of CR can help breeders develop cultivars with different CR for growing in different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hang-Ling Bie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad Khan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wei-Chao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin-Wei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wen-Wu Guo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Rong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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13
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Maurya JP. When to branch: seasonal control of shoot architecture in trees. FEBS J 2022; 289:8062-8070. [PMID: 34652884 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived perennial plants optimize their shoot architecture by responding to seasonal cues. The main strategy used by plants of temperate and boreal regions with respect to surviving the extremely unfavourable conditions of winter comprises the protection of their apical and lateral meristematic tissues. This involves myriads of transcriptional, translational and metabolic changes in the plants because shoot architecture is controlled by multiple pathways that regulate processes such as bud formation and flowering, small RNAs, environmental factors (especially light quality, photoperiod and temperature), hormones, and sugars. Recent studies have begun to reveal how these pathways are recruited for the seasonal adaptation and regulation of shoot architecture in perennial plants, including the role of a regulatory module consisting of antagonistic players terminal flower 1 (TFL1) and like-ap1 (LAP1) in the hybrid aspen. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the genetic control of shoot architecture in perennials compared to in annuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jay P Maurya
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Wei J, Yang Q, Ni J, Gao Y, Tang Y, Bai S, Teng Y. Early defoliation induces auxin redistribution, promoting paradormancy release in pear buds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2739-2756. [PMID: 36200868 PMCID: PMC9706473 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paradormancy of fruit trees occurs in summer and autumn when signals from adjacent organs stimulate buds to develop slowly. This stage has received less attention that the other stages of dormancy, and the underlying mechanism remains uncharacterized. Early defoliation in late summer and early autumn is usually followed by out-of-season blooming in pear (Pyrus spp.), which substantially decreases the number of buds the following spring and negatively affects fruit production. This early bud flush is an example of paradormancy release. Here, we determined that flower bud auxin content is stable after defoliation; however, polar distribution of the pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier 1b (PpyPIN1b) implied that auxin tends to be exported from buds. Transcriptome analysis of floral buds after artificial defoliation revealed changes in auxin metabolism, transport, and signal transduction pathways. Exogenous application of a high concentration of the auxin analog 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (300 mg/L) suppressed PpyPIN1b expression and its protein accumulation in the cell membrane, likely leading to decreased auxin efflux from buds, which hindered flower bud sprouting. Furthermore, carbohydrates and additional hormones also influenced out-of-season flowering. Our results indicate that defoliation-induced auxin efflux from buds accelerates bud paradormancy release. This differs from release of apical-dominance-related lateral bud paradormancy after the apex is removed. Our findings and proposed model further elucidate the mechanism underlying paradormancy and will help researchers to develop methods for inhibiting early defoliation-induced out-of-season bud sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxin Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong 264670, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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15
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Wang H, Gao C, Ge Q. Low temperature and short daylength interact to affect the leaf senescence of two temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2252-2265. [PMID: 35708584 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and photoperiod are two major environmental cues shaping the leaf senescence of temperate tree species. However, how the control of leaf senescence is split between photoperiod and temperature is unknown for many ecologically important species. Here, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to test the effects of temperature (6, 9, 18 and 21°C) and photoperiod (8 and 16 h daylength) on leaf senescence of two temperate tree species (Quercus mongolica Fisch. and Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.) distributed in montane forest of China. The results showed that low temperature (LT) alone could induce leaf senescence of both species under long daylength (LD) conditions, but the leaf senescence of L. principis-rupprechtii was more sensitive to the decrease in temperature than that of Q. mongolica under the LD condition. Short daylength (SD) alone could only induce the leaf senescence of L. principis-rupprechtii, suggesting that the photoperiod sensitivity varies between species. SD could accelerate the LT-induced senescence, but the effect of SD reduced with the decrease in temperature. Based on these findings, we developed a new autumn phenology model by incorporating interspecific differences in the photoperiod sensitivity of leaf senescence. Compared with the three existing process-based autumn phenology models, the new model was more robust in simulating the experimental data. When employing these models to available long-term phenological data, our new model also performed best in reproducing the observed leaf senescence date of two closely related species (Quercus robur L. and Larix decidua Mill.). These results enhance our understanding of how LT and SD control leaf senescence. The prediction of the climate change impacts on forest carbon uptake could be improved by incorporating this new autumn phenological model into the terrestrial biosphere models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengxi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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16
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Wu R, Wang T, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. A MADS-box gene with similarity to FLC is induced by cold and correlated with epigenetic changes to control budbreak in kiwifruit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2111-2126. [PMID: 34907541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennials require exposure to chilling temperatures to resume growth in the following spring. Growth and dormancy cycles are controlled by complex genetic regulatory networks and are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, but the specific genes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. To understand how seasonal changes and chilling regulate dormancy and growth in the woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Ac, Actinidia chinensis), a transcriptome study of kiwifruit buds in the field and controlled conditions was performed. A MADS-box gene with homology to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was identified and characterized. Elevated expression of AcFLC-like (AcFLCL) was detected during bud dormancy and chilling. A long noncoding (lnc) antisense transcript with an expression pattern opposite to AcFLCL and shorter sense noncoding RNAs were identified. Chilling induced an increase in trimethylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in the 5' end of the gene, indicating multiple layers of epigenetic regulation in response to cold. Overexpression of AcFLCL in kiwifruit gave rise to plants with earlier budbreak, whilst gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in transgenic lines with substantially delayed budbreak, suggesting a role in activation of growth. These results have implications for the future management and breeding of perennials for resilience to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara A Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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17
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André D, Zambrano JA, Zhang B, Lee KC, Rühl M, Marcon A, Nilsson O. Populus SVL Acts in Leaves to Modulate the Timing of Growth Cessation and Bud Set. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823019. [PMID: 35251092 PMCID: PMC8891642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is an important regulator of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the thermosensory pathway of Arabidopsis. It is a negative regulator of flowering and represses FT transcription. In poplar trees, FT2 is central for the photoperiodic control of growth cessation, which also requires the decrease of bioactive gibberellins (GAs). In angiosperm trees, genes similar to SVP, sometimes named DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes, control temperature-mediated bud dormancy. Here we show that SVL, an SVP ortholog in aspen trees, besides its role in controlling dormancy through its expression in buds, is also contributing to the regulation of short day induced growth cessation and bud set through its expression in leaves. SVL is upregulated during short days in leaves and binds to the FT2 promoter to repress its transcription. It furthermore decreases the amount of active GAs, whose downregulation is essential for growth cessation, by repressing the transcription of GA20 oxidase. Finally, the SVL protein is more stable in colder temperatures, thus integrating the temperature signal into the response. We conclude that the molecular function of SVL in the photoperiodic pathway has been conserved between Arabidopsis and poplar trees, albeit the physiological process it controls has changed. SVL is thus both involved in regulating the photoperiod response in leaves, modulating the timing of growth cessation and bud set, and in the subsequent temperature regulation of dormancy in the buds.
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18
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Sheng X, Hsu CY, Ma C, Brunner AM. Functional Diversification of Populus FLOWERING LOCUS D-LIKE3 Transcription Factor and Two Paralogs in Shoot Ontogeny, Flowering, and Vegetative Phenology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:805101. [PMID: 35185983 PMCID: PMC8850916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.805101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both the evolution of tree taxa and whole-genome duplication (WGD) have occurred many times during angiosperm evolution. Transcription factors are preferentially retained following WGD suggesting that functional divergence of duplicates could contribute to traits distinctive to the tree growth habit. We used gain- and loss-of-function transgenics, photoperiod treatments, and circannual expression studies in adult trees to study the diversification of three Populus FLOWERING LOCUS D-LIKE (FDL) genes encoding bZIP transcription factors. Expression patterns and transgenic studies indicate that FDL2.2 promotes flowering and that FDL1 and FDL3 function in different vegetative phenophases. Study of dominant repressor FDL versions indicates that the FDL proteins are partially equivalent in their ability to alter shoot growth. Like its paralogs, FDL3 overexpression delays short day-induced growth cessation, but also induces distinct heterochronic shifts in shoot development-more rapid phytomer initiation and coordinated delay in both leaf expansion and the transition to secondary growth in long days, but not in short days. Our results indicate that both regulatory and protein coding sequence variation contributed to diversification of FDL paralogs that has led to a degree of specialization in multiple developmental processes important for trees and their local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sheng
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amy M. Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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19
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Gómez-Soto D, Allona I, Perales M. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814195. [PMID: 35185961 PMCID: PMC8853612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gómez-Soto
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Zhang M, Cheng W, Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Integrated transcriptome and small RNA sequencing in revealing miRNA-mediated regulatory network of floral bud break in Prunus mume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931454. [PMID: 35937373 PMCID: PMC9355595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs is one class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in plant growth and development. Though miRNAs and their target genes have been widely studied in many plant species, their functional roles in floral bud break and dormancy release in woody perennials is still unclear. In this study, we applied transcriptome and small RNA sequencing together to systematically explore the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of floral bud break in P. mume. Through expression profiling, we identified a few candidate genes and miRNAs during different developmental stage transitions. In total, we characterized 1,553 DEGs associated with endodormancy release and 2,084 DEGs associated with bud flush. Additionally, we identified 48 known miRNAs and 53 novel miRNAs targeting genes enriched in biological processes such as floral organ morphogenesis and hormone signaling transudation. We further validated the regulatory relationship between differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes combining computational prediction, degradome sequencing, and expression pattern analysis. Finally, we integrated weighted gene co-expression analysis and constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks mediating floral bud flushing competency. In general, our study revealed the miRNA-mediated networks in modulating floral bud break in P. mume. The findings will contribute to the comprehensive understanding of miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism governing floral bud break and dormancy cycling in wood perennials.
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21
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Li Z, Lathe RS, Li J, He H, Bhalerao RP. Towards understanding the biological foundations of perenniality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:56-68. [PMID: 34561180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials' physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China.
| | - Rahul S Lathe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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22
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Ding J, Zhang B, Li Y, André D, Nilsson O. Phytochrome B and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR8 modulate seasonal growth in trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2339-2352. [PMID: 33735450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The seasonally synchronized annual growth cycle that is regulated mainly by photoperiod and temperature cues is a crucial adaptive strategy for perennial plants in boreal and temperate ecosystems. Phytochrome B (phyB), as a light and thermal sensor, has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis. However, the specific mechanisms for how the phytochrome photoreceptors control the phenology in tree species remain poorly understood. We characterized the functions of PHYB genes and their downstream PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) targets in the regulation of shade avoidance and seasonal growth in hybrid aspen trees. We show that while phyB1 and phyB2, as phyB in other plants, act as suppressors of shoot elongation during vegetative growth, they act as promoters of tree seasonal growth. Furthermore, while the Populus homologs of both PIF4 and PIF8 are involved in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), only PIF8 plays a major role as a suppressor of seasonal growth. Our data suggest that the PHYB-PIF8 regulon controls seasonal growth through the regulation of FT and CENL1 expression while a genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests how, in Populus trees, phyB coordinately regulates SAS responses and seasonal growth cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Domenique André
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
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23
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Gendron JM, Leung CC, Liu W. Energy as a seasonal signal for growth and reproduction. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102092. [PMID: 34461431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants measure photoperiod as a predictable signal for seasonal change. Recently, new connections between photoperiod measuring systems and metabolism in plants have been revealed. These studies explore historical observations of metabolism and photoperiod with modern tools and approaches, suggesting there is much more to learn about photoperiodism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Chun Chung Leung
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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24
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Cai F, Shao C, Zhang Y, Shi G, Bao Z, Bao M, Zhang J. Two FD homologs from London plane (Platanus acerifolia) are associated with floral initiation and flower morphology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110971. [PMID: 34315589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The flowering-time gene FD encodes a bZIP transcription factor that interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to induce flowering in Arabidopsis. Previous research has identified two FT homologs of Platanus acerifolia, PaFT and PaFTL, which each have different expression patterns and are involved in diverse developmental processes. However, it is not known whether such FT/FD complexes participate in the flowering processes in P. acerifolia. Therefore, we isolated two closely related FD homologs, PaFDL1 and PaFDL2, and investigated their functions through the analysis of expression profiles, transgenic phenotypes, their interactions with different FT proteins, and potential cis-regulatory elements in their promoters. The PaFDL genes were found to display their maximal expression levels during the stage of floral transition, and subsequent expression patterns were also seen to be related to inflorescence developmental stage. In addition, both PaFDL1 and PaFDL2 were found to be subject to post-transcriptional alternative splicing, each gene producing two transcript forms. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing each of the four resulting transcript types displayed accelerated floral initiation and produced abnormal flowers. The results suggested that the complete PaFDL proteins may interact with different PaFT/PaFTL proteins in order to fulfill both conservative and diverse functions in floral initiation and floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Gehui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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25
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Yang Q, Gao Y, Wu X, Moriguchi T, Bai S, Teng Y. Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees: advances and prospects. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:139. [PMID: 34078882 PMCID: PMC8172858 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival, growth, and development of deciduous perennial plants. The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees. A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements. Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy, but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction, maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees. We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees. We discuss phytohormones, epigenetic regulation, and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy, centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and Dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes during endodormancy maintenance and release. Combining previous studies and our observations, we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Takaya Moriguchi
- Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-0803, Japan
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
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26
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Behnam B, Higo A, Yamaguchi K, Tokunaga H, Utsumi Y, Selvaraj MG, Seki M, Ishitani M, Ceballos H, Lopez-Lavalle LAB, Tsuji H. Field-transcriptome analyses reveal developmental transitions during flowering in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:285-296. [PMID: 33855676 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We characterized genes that function in the photoperiodic flowering pathway in cassava. Transcriptome analysis of field-grown plants revealed characteristic expression patterns of these genes, demonstrating that field-grown cassava experiences two distinct developmental transitions. Cassava is an important crop for both edible and industrial purposes. Cassava develops storage roots that accumulate starch, providing an important source of staple food in tropical regions. To facilitate cassava breeding, it is important to elucidate how flowering is controlled. Several important genes that control flowering time have been identified in model plants; however, comprehensive characterization of these genes in cassava is still lacking. In this study, we identified genes encoding central flowering time regulators and examined these sequences for the presence or absence of conserved motifs. We found that cassava shares conserved genes for the photoperiodic flowering pathway, including florigen, anti-florigen and its associated transcription factor (GIGANTEA, CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1 and FD) and florigen downstream genes (SUPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and APETALA1/FRUITFUL). We conducted RNA-seq analysis of field-grown cassava plants and characterized the expression of flowering control genes. Finally, from the transcriptome analysis we identified two distinct developmental transitions that occur in field-grown cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asuka Higo
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaho Yamaguchi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tokunaga
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Motoaki Seki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishitani
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding (ILCMB), AGI, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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27
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Eriksson ME. Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:657-678. [PMID: 32470114 PMCID: PMC8033248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trees cover vast areas of the Earth's landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
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28
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Zhu Y, Klasfeld S, Wagner D. Molecular regulation of plant developmental transitions and plant architecture via PEPB family proteins: an update on mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2301-2311. [PMID: 33449083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the experiments by Garner and Allard that showed that plants measure the duration of the night and day (the photoperiod) to time flowering. This discovery led to the identification of Flowering Locus T (FT) in Arabidopsis and Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) in rice as a mobile signal that promotes flowering in tissues distal to the site of cue perception. FT/Hd3a belong to the family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs). Collectively, these proteins control plant developmental transitions and plant architecture. Several excellent recent reviews have focused on the roles of PEBPs in diverse plant species; here we will primarily highlight recent advances that enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action of PEBPs and discuss critical open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Klasfeld
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Azeez A, Zhao YC, Singh RK, Yordanov YS, Dash M, Miskolczi P, Stojkovič K, Strauss SH, Bhalerao RP, Busov VB. EARLY BUD-BREAK 1 and EARLY BUD-BREAK 3 control resumption of poplar growth after winter dormancy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1123. [PMID: 33602938 PMCID: PMC7893051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bud-break is an economically and environmentally important process in trees and shrubs from boreal and temperate latitudes, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that two previously reported transcription factors, EARLY BUD BREAK 1 (EBB1) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-Like (SVL) directly interact to control bud-break. EBB1 is a positive regulator of bud-break, whereas SVL is a negative regulator of bud-break. EBB1 directly and negatively regulates SVL expression. We further report the identification and characterization of the EBB3 gene. EBB3 is a temperature-responsive, epigenetically-regulated, positive regulator of bud-break that provides a direct link to activation of the cell cycle during bud-break. EBB3 is an AP2/ERF transcription factor that positively and directly regulates CYCLIND3.1 gene. Our results reveal the architecture of a putative regulatory module that links temperature-mediated control of bud-break with activation of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Azeez
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Yiru Chen Zhao
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yordan S Yordanov
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - Madhumita Dash
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Pal Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katja Stojkovič
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steve H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Victor B Busov
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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30
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Zhang M, Yang Q, Yuan X, Yan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Integrating Genome-Wide Association Analysis With Transcriptome Sequencing to Identify Candidate Genes Related to Blooming Time in Prunus mume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690841. [PMID: 34335659 PMCID: PMC8319914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume is one of the most important woody perennials for edible and ornamental use. Despite a substantial variation in the flowering phenology among the P. mume germplasm resources, the genetic control for flowering time remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined five blooming time-related traits of 235 P. mume landraces for 2 years. Based on the phenotypic data, we performed genome-wide association studies, which included a combination of marker- and gene-based association tests, and identified 1,445 candidate genes that are consistently linked with flowering time across multiple years. Furthermore, we assessed the global transcriptome change of floral buds from the two P. mume cultivars exhibiting contrasting bloom dates and detected 617 associated genes that were differentially expressed during the flowering process. By integrating a co-expression network analysis, we screened out 191 gene candidates of conserved transcriptional pattern during blooming across cultivars. Finally, we validated the temporal expression profiles of these candidates and highlighted their putative roles in regulating floral bud break and blooming time in P. mume. Our findings are important to expand the understanding of flowering time control in woody perennials and will boost the molecular breeding of novel varieties in P. mume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qixiang Zhang
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Li Z, Liu N, Zhang W, Wu C, Jiang Y, Ma J, Li M, Sui S. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis provides insight into chilling-induced dormancy breaking in Chimonanthus praecox. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:198. [PMID: 33328461 PMCID: PMC7704649 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants. The chilling requirement (CR) for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species. However, global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants. Here, we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions. We determined the minimum CR (570 chill units, CU) needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds (FBs, anther and ovary differentiation completed) with different CRs. The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC. The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU (IB570) compared to FBs in November (FB.Nov, CK) and nF16 (non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16 °C for -300 CU), which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module. Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes, and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines. Our data provide insight into the minimum CR (570 CU) needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C. praecox, which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunzhao Sui
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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Sobral R, Silva HG, Laranjeira S, Magalhães J, Andrade L, Alhinho AT, Costa MMR. Unisexual flower initiation in the monoecious Quercus suber L.: a molecular approach. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1260-1276. [PMID: 32365206 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species display a temporal separation of the male and female flower organ development to enhance outbreeding; however, little is known regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling this temporal separation. Quercus suber is a monoecious oak tree with accentuated protandry: in late winter, unisexual male flowers emerge adjacent to the swollen buds, whereas unisexual female flowers emerge in the axils of newly formed leaves formed during spring (4-8 weeks after male flowering). Here, a phylogenetic profiling has led to the identification of cork oak homologs of key floral regulatory genes. The role of these cork oak homologs during flower development was identified with functional studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression profile throughout the year of flower regulators (inducers and repressors), in leaves and buds, suggests that the development of male and female flowers may be preceded by separated induction events. Female flowers are most likely induced during the vegetative flush occurring in spring, whereas male flowers may be induced in early summer. Male flowers stay enclosed within the pre-dormant buds, but complete their development before the vegetative flush of the following year, displaying a long period of anthesis that spans the dormant period. Our results portray a genetic mechanism that may explain similar reproductive habits in other monoecious tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómulo Sobral
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena Gomes Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Laranjeira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Andrade
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Alhinho
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Ribeiro Costa
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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33
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A genetic framework for regulation and seasonal adaptation of shoot architecture in hybrid aspen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11523-11530. [PMID: 32393640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004705117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Shoot architecture is critical for optimizing plant adaptation and productivity. In contrast with annuals, branching in perennials native to temperate and boreal regions must be coordinated with seasonal growth cycles. How branching is coordinated with seasonal growth is poorly understood. We identified key components of the genetic network that controls branching and its regulation by seasonal cues in the model tree hybrid aspen. Our results demonstrate that branching and its control by seasonal cues is mediated by mutually antagonistic action of aspen orthologs of the flowering regulators TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and APETALA1 (LIKE APETALA 1/LAP1). LAP1 promotes branching through local action in axillary buds. LAP1 acts in a cytokinin-dependent manner, stimulating expression of the cell-cycle regulator AIL1 and suppressing BRANCHED1 expression to promote branching. Short photoperiod and low temperature, the major seasonal cues heralding winter, suppress branching by simultaneous activation of TFL1 and repression of the LAP1 pathway. Our results thus reveal the genetic network mediating control of branching and its regulation by environmental cues facilitating integration of branching with seasonal growth control in perennial trees.
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34
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Maurya JP, Singh RK, Miskolczi PC, Prasad AN, Jonsson K, Wu F, Bhalerao RP. Branching Regulator BRC1 Mediates Photoperiodic Control of Seasonal Growth in Hybrid Aspen. Curr Biol 2019; 30:122-126.e2. [PMID: 31839452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cessation of growth as winter approaches is a key adaptive trait for survival of perennial plants, such as long-lived trees native to boreal and temperate regions [1, 2]. The timing of growth cessation in these plants is controlled by photoperiodic cues. As shown recently, perception of growth-repressive short photoperiod (SP) mediated via components of circadian clock results in downregulation of the tree ortholog of Arabidopsis flowering regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FT2 [3, 4]. Downregulation of FT2 results in suppression of downstream components LAP1 (orthologous to the Arabidopsis floral meristem identity gene APETALA1) and AIL1 (orthologous to AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis), culminating in induction of growth cessation and bud set [5-7]. Results presented here reveal that, in addition to the CO/FT pathway, a photoperiodically controlled negative feedback loop involving a tree ortholog of Arabidopsis BRANCHED1 (BRC1) (a member of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF family), LAP1, and FT2 participates in regulation of seasonal growth in the model tree hybrid aspen. In growth-promotive long photoperiod, LAP1 suppresses expression of BRC1, but upon perception of growth-repressive SP, downregulation of LAP1 de-represses expression of its downstream target BRC1. BRC1 physically interacts with FT2, and BRC1-FT interaction further reinforces the effect of SP and triggers growth cessation by antagonizing FT action. Accordingly, BRC1 gain and loss of function result in early and retarded growth cessation responses to SP, respectively. Thus, these results reveal a regulatory feedback loop that reinforces responses to SP and induction of seasonal growth cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Maurya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pal C Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amritha N Prasad
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Jonsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Feng Wu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Cai F, Shao C, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Li Z, Shi G, Bao M, Zhang J. Identification and characterisation of a novel FT orthologous gene in London plane with a distinct expression response to environmental stimuli compared to PaFT. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1039-1051. [PMID: 31192516 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key integrator of environmental signals and internal cues, and codes for florigen-like activity which regulates the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in flowering plants. Unlike annual plants, perennial tree species undergo several years of vegetative growth prior to the transition to the reproductive stage, as characterised by the ability to form flower buds. Thereafter, trees in temperate regions typically display an annual growth cycle involving distinct vegetative growth, flowering and dormancy stages. In London plane (Platanus acerifolia Willd.), a FT-like gene has previously been identified. Here, we report the isolation of a novel FT orthologous gene, PaFTL, and investigate the functions of PaFT and PaFTL through the analysis of expression profiles and transgenic phenotypes. PaFT displayed the highest levels of expression during tree dormancy, and similarly elevated expression levels were seen under conditions of low temperature and short days (LT/SD). In contrast, PaFTL transcripts were up-regulated during the floral transition phase, the early stages of inflorescence development and throughout the main flowering period, whereas expression levels were low and variable during dormancy and in response to LT/SD treatments. Ectopic expression of 35s::PaFTL in tobacco produced a phenotype similar to that with PaFT, namely, advanced floral initiation. Overall, the results suggest that PaFT and PaFTL have both conserved and diverse functions in floral initiation, floral development and dormancy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - C Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - G Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Abstract
Vegetative bud dormancy is an important adaptive process allowing survival over winter in trees from temperate and boreal regions. A recent discovery implicates a MADS-box transcription factor from poplar in regulation of both entry and release from dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor B Busov
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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37
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A comprehensive genomic scan reveals gene dosage balance impacts on quantitative traits in Populus trees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13690-13699. [PMID: 31213538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903229116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene dosage variation and the associated changes in gene expression influence a wide variety of traits, ranging from cancer in humans to yield in plants. It is also expected to affect important traits of ecological and agronomic importance in forest trees, but this variation has not been systematically characterized or exploited. Here we performed a comprehensive scan of the Populus genome for dosage-sensitive loci affecting quantitative trait variation for spring and fall phenology and biomass production. The study population was a large collection of clonally propagated F1 hybrid lines of Populus that saturate the genome 10-fold with deletions and insertions (indels) of known sizes and positions. As a group, the phenotypic means of the indel lines consistently differed from control nonindel lines, with an overall negative effect of both insertions and deletions on all biomass-related traits but more diverse effects and an overall wider phenotypic distribution of the indel lines for the phenology-related traits. We also investigated the correlation between gene dosage at specific chromosomal locations and phenotype, to identify dosage quantitative trait loci (dQTL). Such dQTL were detected for most phenotypes examined, but stronger effect dQTL were identified for the phenology-related traits than for the biomass traits. Our genome-wide screen for dosage sensitivity in a higher eukaryote demonstrates the importance of global genomic balance and the impact of dosage on life history traits.
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38
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Abstract
In perennial plants, seasonal shifts provide cues that control adaptive growth patterns of the shoot apex. However, where these seasonal cues are sensed and communicated to the shoot apex remains unknown. We demonstrate that systemic signals from leaves play key roles in seasonal control of shoot growth in model tree hybrid aspen. Grafting experiments reveal that the tree ortholog of Arabidopsis flowering time regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) systemically convey seasonal cues to the shoot apex. GA (unlike FT) also acts locally in shoot apex, downstream of FT in seasonal growth control. At the shoot apex, antagonistic factors-LAP1, a target of FT and the FT antagonist TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-act locally to promote and suppress seasonal growth, respectively. These data reveal seasonal changes perceived in leaves that are communicated to the shoot apex by systemic signals that, in concert with locally acting components, control adaptive growth patterns.
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39
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Zhang S, Lu S, Yi S, Han H, Zhou Q, Cai F, Bao M, Liu G. Identification and characterization of FRUITFULL-like genes from Platanus acerifolia, a basal eudicot tree. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:206-218. [PMID: 30823999 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The function of euAP1 and euFUL in AP1/FUL lineage have been well characterized in core eudicots, and they play common and distinct roles in plant development. However, the evolution and function of FUL-like genes is poorly understood in basal eudicots. In this study, we identified three FUL-like genes PlacFL1/2/3 from London plane (Platanus acerifolia). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that PlacFL1/2/3 are AP1/FUL orthologs and encoded proteins containing FUL motif and paleoAP1 motif. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that PlacFL1/2/3 were expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues, but with distinct spatiotemporal patterns. In contrast to PlacFL1 and PlacFL3, PlacFL2 exhibited higher expression levels and broader expression regions, and that the expression of PlacFL2 gene showed a decreasing and increasing tendency in subpetiolar buds during dormancy induction and breaking, respectively. Overexpression of PlacFLs in Arabidopsis and PlacFL3 in tobacco resulted in early flowering, as well as early termination of inflorescence meristems for transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The expression changes of flowering time and flower meristem identity genes in transgenic Arabidopsis lines with different PlacFLs suggested that PlacFL2 and PlacFL3 may regulate different downstream genes to perform divergent functions. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that PlacFLs interacted strongly with PlacSEP proteins, and PlacFL3 instead of PlacFL1 and PlacFL2 could also form a homodimer and interact with D-class proteins. Our results suggest that PlacFLs may play conserved functions in regulating flowering and flower development, and PlacFL2 might also be involved in dormancy regulation. The research helps us to understand the functional evolution of FUL-like genes in basal eudicots, especially in perennial woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China; Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Peace Avenue No. 1240, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Shunjiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongji Han
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Singh RK, Miskolczi P, Maurya JP, Bhalerao RP. A Tree Ortholog of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Floral Repressor Mediates Photoperiodic Control of Bud Dormancy. Curr Biol 2018; 29:128-133.e2. [PMID: 30554900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perennials in boreal and temperate ecosystems display seasonally synchronized growth. In many tree species, prior to the advent of winter, exposure to photoperiods shorter than a critical threshold for growth (short days; SDs) induces growth cessation, culminating in the formation of an apical bud that encloses the shoot apical meristem and arrested leaf primordia [1-4]. Following growth cessation, subsequent exposure to SDs induces transition to dormancy in the shoot apex [5]. Establishment of dormancy is crucial for winter survival and is characterized by the inability of the shoot meristem to respond to growth-promotive signals [6]. Recently, SDs were shown to induce bud dormancy by activating the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway. ABA upregulates expression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CALS1) and suppresses glucanases that break down callose to induce the blockage of intracellular conduits (plasmodesmata; PDs) with callosic plugs called "dormancy sphincters" that by restricting access to growth-promotive signals promote dormancy [7]. However, components downstream of ABA in dormancy regulation remain largely unknown, and thus there are significant gaps in our understanding of photoperiodic control of bud dormancy. Here we demonstrate that SVL, orthologous to Arabidopsis floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), is a mediator of photoperiodic control of dormancy downstream of the ABA pathway in hybrid aspen. SVL downregulation impairs dormancy, whereas SVL overexpression suppresses dormancy defects resulting from ABA insensitivity. Downstream, SVL induces callose synthase expression and negatively regulates the gibberellic acid (GA) pathway to promote dormancy, thus revealing the regulatory module mediating photoperiodic control of dormancy by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pal Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jay P Maurya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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41
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Fritsche S, Klocko AL, Boron A, Brunner AM, Thorlby G. Strategies for Engineering Reproductive Sterility in Plantation Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1671. [PMID: 30498505 PMCID: PMC6249417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A considerable body of research exists concerning the development of technologies to engineer sterility in forest trees. The primary driver for this work has been to mitigate concerns arising from gene flow from commercial plantings of genetically engineered (GE) trees to non-GE plantations, or to wild or feral relatives. More recently, there has been interest in the use of sterility technologies as a means to mitigate the global environmental and socio-economic damage caused by the escape of non-native invasive tree species from planted forests. The current sophisticated understanding of the molecular processes underpinning sexual reproduction in angiosperms has facilitated the successful demonstration of a number of control strategies in hardwood tree species, particularly in the model hardwood tree Poplar. Despite gymnosperm softwood trees, such as pines, making up the majority of the global planted forest estate, only pollen sterility, via cell ablation, has been demonstrated in softwoods. Progress has been limited by the lack of an endogenous model system, long timescales required for testing, and key differences between softwood reproductive pathways and those of well characterized angiosperm model systems. The availability of comprehensive genome and transcriptome resources has allowed unprecedented insights into the reproductive processes of both hardwood and softwood tree species. This increased fundamental knowledge together with the implementation of new breeding technologies, such as gene editing, which potentially face a less oppressive regulatory regime, is making the implementation of engineered sterility into commercial forestry a realistic possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Klocko
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | | | - Amy M. Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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42
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A genetic network mediating the control of bud break in hybrid aspen. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4173. [PMID: 30301891 PMCID: PMC6177393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In boreal and temperate ecosystems, temperature signal regulates the reactivation of growth (bud break) in perennials in the spring. Molecular basis of temperature-mediated control of bud break is poorly understood. Here we identify a genetic network mediating the control of bud break in hybrid aspen. The key components of this network are transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), closely related to Arabidopsis floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, and its downstream target TCP18, a tree homolog of a branching regulator in Arabidopsis. SVL and TCP18 are downregulated by low temperature. Genetic evidence demonstrates their role as negative regulators of bud break. SVL mediates bud break by antagonistically acting on gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways, which function as positive and negative regulators of bud break, respectively. Thus, our results reveal the mechanistic basis for temperature-cued seasonal control of a key phenological event in perennial plants.
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Grimberg Å, Lager I, Street NR, Robinson KM, Marttila S, Mähler N, Ingvarsson PK, Bhalerao RP. Storage lipid accumulation is controlled by photoperiodic signal acting via regulators of growth cessation and dormancy in hybrid aspen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:619-630. [PMID: 29761498 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The signalling pathways that control seasonal modulation of carbon metabolism in perennial plants are poorly understood. Using genetic, metabolic and natural variation approaches, we identify factors mediating photoperiodic control of storage lipid accumulation in the model tree hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). We characterized lipid accumulation in transgenic hybrid aspen with impaired photoperiodic and hormonal responses. Genome-wide association mapping was performed in Swedish aspen (P. tremula) genotypes to determine genetic loci associated with genotype variation in lipid content. Our data show that the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates in cambial meristem and pith rays of aspen in response to photoperiodic signal controlling growth cessation and dormancy induction. We show that photoperiodic control of TAG accumulation is mediated by the FLOWERING LOCUS T/CONSTANS module, which also controls the induction of growth cessation. Hormonal and chromatin remodelling pathways also contribute to TAG accumulation by photoperiodic signal. Natural variation exists in lipid accumulation that is controlled by input from multiple loci. Our data shed light on how the control of storage metabolism is temporally coordinated with growth cessation and dormancy by photoperiodic signal, and reveals that storage lipid accumulation between seeds and perennating organs of trees may involve distinct regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Artedigränd 7, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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Ding J, Böhlenius H, Rühl MG, Chen P, Sane S, Zambrano JA, Zheng B, Eriksson ME, Nilsson O. GIGANTEA-like genes control seasonal growth cessation in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018. [PMID: 29532940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Survival of trees growing in temperate zones requires cycling between active growth and dormancy. This involves growth cessation in the autumn triggered by a photoperiod shorter than the critical day length. Variations in GIGANTEA (GI)-like genes have been associated with phenology in a range of different tree species, but characterization of the functions of these genes in the process is still lacking. We describe the identification of the Populus orthologs of GI and their critical role in short-day-induced growth cessation. Using ectopic expression and silencing, gene expression analysis, protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that PttGIs are likely to act in a complex with PttFKF1s (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) and PttCDFs (CYCLING DOF FACTOR) to control the expression of PttFT2, the key gene regulating short-day-induced growth cessation in Populus. In contrast to Arabidopsis, in which the GI-CONSTANS (CO)-FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulon is a crucial day-length sensor for flowering time, our study suggests that, in Populus, PttCO-independent regulation of PttFT2 by PttGI is more important in the photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Ding
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Böhlenius
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mark Georg Rühl
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Shashank Sane
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jose A Zambrano
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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45
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Tylewicz S, Petterle A, Marttila S, Miskolczi P, Azeez A, Singh RK, Immanen J, Mähler N, Hvidsten TR, Eklund DM, Bowman JL, Helariutta Y, Bhalerao RP. Photoperiodic control of seasonal growth is mediated by ABA acting on cell-cell communication. Science 2018. [PMID: 29519919 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In temperate and boreal ecosystems, seasonal cycles of growth and dormancy allow perennial plants to adapt to winter conditions. We show, in hybrid aspen trees, that photoperiodic regulation of dormancy is mechanistically distinct from autumnal growth cessation. Dormancy sets in when symplastic intercellular communication through plasmodesmata is blocked by a process dependent on the phytohormone abscisic acid. The communication blockage prevents growth-promoting signals from accessing the meristem. Thus, precocious growth is disallowed during dormancy. The dormant period, which supports robust survival of the aspen tree in winter, is due to loss of access to growth-promoting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tylewicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Petterle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - P Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Azeez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Jain R&D Laboratory, Agri Park, Jain Hills, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon, India
| | - R K Singh
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Immanen
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Post Office Box 65, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - T R Hvidsten
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - D M Eklund
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - R P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Chen Z, Rao P, Yang X, Su X, Zhao T, Gao K, Yang X, An X. A Global View of Transcriptome Dynamics During Male Floral Bud Development in Populus tomentosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:722. [PMID: 29335419 PMCID: PMC5768756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain a comprehensive overview of the dynamic transcriptome during male floral bud development in Populus tomentosa, high-throughput RNA-seq was conducted during eight flowering-related stages. Among the 109,212 de novo assembled unigenes, 6,959 were differentially expressed during the eight stages. The overrepresented classed of genes identified by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment included 'response to environmental stimuli' and 'plant-type spore development'. One-third of the differentially expressed genes were transcription factors (TFs). Several genes and gene families were analyzed in depth, including MADS-box TFs, Squamosa promoter binding protein-like family, receptor-like kinases, FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL-FLOWER-LIKE 1 family, key genes involved in anther and tapetum development, as well as LEAFY, WUSCHEL and CONSTANS. The results provided new insights into the roles of these and other well known gene families during the annual flowering cycle. To explore the mechanisms regulating poplar flowering, a weighted gene co-expression network was constructed using 98 floral-related genes involved in flower meristem identity and flower development. Many modules of co-expressed genes and hub genes were identified, such as APETALA1 and HUA1. This work provides many new insights on the annual flowering cycle in a perennial plant, and a major new resource for plant biology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Pian Rao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxing Su
- Berry Genomics Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Triozzi PM, Ramos-Sánchez JM, Hernández-Verdeja T, Moreno-Cortés A, Allona I, Perales M. Photoperiodic Regulation of Shoot Apical Growth in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30057588 PMCID: PMC6053638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials adapt their genetic traits to local climate conditions. Day length plays an essential role in the seasonal growth of poplar trees. When photoperiod falls below a given critical day length, poplars undergo growth cessation and bud set. A leaf-localized mechanism of photoperiod measurement triggers the transcriptional modulation of a long distance signaling molecule, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This molecule targets meristem function giving rise to these seasonal responses. Studies over the past decade have identified conserved orthologous genes involved in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis that regulate poplar vegetative growth. However, phenological and molecular examination of key photoperiod signaling molecules reveals functional differences between these two plant model systems suggesting alternative components and/or regulatory mechanisms operating during poplar vegetative growth. Here, we review current knowledge and provide new data regarding the molecular components of the photoperiod measuring mechanism that regulates annual growth in poplar focusing on main achievements and new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Hernández-Verdeja
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Allona
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Mariano Perales
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48
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Boher P, Soler M, Sánchez A, Hoede C, Noirot C, Paiva JAP, Serra O, Figueras M. A comparative transcriptomic approach to understanding the formation of cork. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:103-118. [PMID: 29143299 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome comparison of two oak species reveals possible candidates accounting for the exceptionally thick and pure cork oak phellem, such as those involved in secondary metabolism and phellogen activity. Cork oak, Quercus suber, differs from other Mediterranean oaks such as holm oak (Quercus ilex) by the thickness and organization of the external bark. While holm oak outer bark contains sequential periderms interspersed with dead secondary phloem (rhytidome), the cork oak outer bark only contains thick layers of phellem (cork rings) that accumulate until reaching a thickness that allows industrial uses. Here we compare the cork oak outer bark transcriptome with that of holm oak. Both transcriptomes present similitudes in their complexity, but whereas cork oak external bark is enriched with upregulated genes related to suberin, which is the main polymer responsible for the protective function of periderm, the upregulated categories of holm oak are enriched in abiotic stress and chromatin assembly. Concomitantly with the upregulation of suberin-related genes, there is also induction of regulatory and meristematic genes, whose predicted activities agree with the increased number of phellem layers found in the cork oak sample. Further transcript profiling among different cork oak tissues and conditions suggests that cork and wood share many regulatory mechanisms, probably reflecting similar ontogeny. Moreover, the analysis of transcripts accumulation during the cork growth season showed that most regulatory genes are upregulated early in the season when the cork cambium becomes active. Altogether our work provides the first transcriptome comparison between cork oak and holm oak outer bark, which unveils new regulatory candidate genes of phellem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Boher
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Sánchez
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Claire Hoede
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- PF Bioinfo GenoToul, MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Campmany 40, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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49
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Lloret A, Badenes ML, Ríos G. Modulation of Dormancy and Growth Responses in Reproductive Buds of Temperate Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1368. [PMID: 30271422 PMCID: PMC6146825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During autumn perennial trees cease growth and form structures called buds in order to protect meristems from the unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperature and desiccation. In addition to increased tolerance to these abiotic stresses, reproductive buds modulate developmental programs leading to dormancy induction to avoid premature growth resumption, and flowering pathways. Stress tolerance, dormancy, and flowering processes are thus physically and temporarily restricted to a bud, and consequently forced to interact at the regulatory level. We review recent genomic, genetic, and molecular contributions to the knowledge of these three processes in trees, highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications, phytohormones, and common regulatory factors. Finally, we emphasize the utility of transcriptomic approaches for the identification of key structural and regulatory genes involved in bud processes, illustrated with our own experience using peach as a model.
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50
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Conde D, Moreno-Cortés A, Dervinis C, Ramos-Sánchez JM, Kirst M, Perales M, González-Melendi P, Allona I. Overexpression of DEMETER, a DNA demethylase, promotes early apical bud maturation in poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2806-2819. [PMID: 28810288 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transition from active growth to dormancy is critical for the survival of perennial plants. We identified a DEMETER-like (CsDML) cDNA from a winter-enriched cDNA subtractive library in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), an economically and ecologically important species. Next, we characterized this DNA demethylase and its putative ortholog in the more experimentally tractable hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba), under the signals that trigger bud dormancy in trees. We performed phylogenetic and protein sequence analysis, gene expression profiling, and 5-methyl-cytosine methylation immunodetection studies to evaluate the role of CsDML and its homolog in poplar, PtaDML6. Transgenic hybrid poplars overexpressing CsDML were produced and analysed. Short days and cold temperatures induced CsDML and PtaDML6. Overexpression of CsDML accelerated short-day-induced bud formation, specifically from Stages 1 to 0. Buds acquired a red-brown coloration earlier than wild-type plants, alongside with the up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes and accumulation of flavonoids in the shoot apical meristem and bud scales. Our data show that the CsDML gene induces bud formation needed for the survival of the apical meristem under the harsh conditions of winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - José M Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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