1
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Howe JR, Chan CL, Lee D, Blanquart M, Romero HK, Zadina AN, Lemieux ME, Mills F, Desplats PA, Tye KM, Root CM. Control of innate olfactory valence by segregated cortical amygdala circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600895. [PMID: 38979308 PMCID: PMC11230396 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Animals perform innate behaviors that are stereotyped responses to specific evolutionarily relevant stimuli in the absence of prior learning or experience. These behaviors can be reduced to an axis of valence, whereby specific odors evoke approach or avoidance. The cortical amygdala (plCoA) mediates innate attraction and aversion to odor. However, little is known about how this brain area gives rise to behaviors of opposing motivational valence. Here, we sought to define the circuit features of plCoA that give rise to innate olfactory behaviors of valence. We characterized the physiology, gene expression, and projections of this structure, identifying a divergent, topographic organization that selectively controls innate attraction and avoidance to odor. First, we examined odor-evoked responses in these areas and found sparse encoding of odor identity, but not valence. We next considered a topographic organization and found that optogenetic stimulation of the anterior and posterior domains of plCoA elicits attraction and avoidance, respectively, suggesting a functional axis for valence. Using single cell and spatial RNA sequencing, we identified the molecular cell types in plCoA, revealing an anteroposterior gradient in cell types, whereby anterior glutamatergic neurons preferentially express Slc17a6 and posterior neurons express Slc17a7. Activation of these respective cell types recapitulates appetitive and aversive valence behaviors, and chemogenetic inhibition reveals partial necessity for valence responses to innate appetitive or aversive odors. Finally, we identified topographically organized circuits defined by projections, whereby anterior neurons preferentially project to medial amygdala, and posterior neurons preferentially project to nucleus accumbens, which are respectively sufficient and necessary for innate negative and positive olfactory valence. Together, these data advance our understanding of how the olfactory system generates stereotypic, hardwired attraction and avoidance, and supports a model whereby distinct, topographically distributed plCoA populations direct innate olfactory valence responses by signaling to divergent valence-specific targets, linking upstream olfactory identity to downstream valence behaviors, through a population code. This represents a novel circuit motif in which valence encoding is represented not by the firing properties of individual neurons, but by population level identity encoding that is routed through divergent targets to mediate distinct valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chung-Lung Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Donghyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marlon Blanquart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haylie K Romero
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abigail N Zadina
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Fergil Mills
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paula A Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kay M Tye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cory M Root
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Fulton KA, Zimmerman D, Samuel A, Vogt K, Datta SR. Common principles for odour coding across vertebrates and invertebrates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:453-472. [PMID: 38806946 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory system is an ideal and tractable system for exploring how the brain transforms sensory inputs into behaviour. The basic tasks of any olfactory system include odour detection, discrimination and categorization. The challenge for the olfactory system is to transform the high-dimensional space of olfactory stimuli into the much smaller space of perceived objects and valence that endows odours with meaning. Our current understanding of how neural circuits address this challenge has come primarily from observations of the mechanisms of the brain for processing other sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing, in which optimized deep hierarchical circuits are used to extract sensory features that vary along continuous physical dimensions. The olfactory system, by contrast, contends with an ill-defined, high-dimensional stimulus space and discrete stimuli using a circuit architecture that is shallow and parallelized. Here, we present recent observations in vertebrate and invertebrate systems that relate the statistical structure and state-dependent modulation of olfactory codes to mechanisms of perception and odour-guided behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Fulton
- Department of Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aravi Samuel
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katrin Vogt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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3
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Stark R. The olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13382. [PMID: 38468186 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food-seeking, danger protection, mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external environment, before sight, taste or sound. Odour molecules activate olfactory sensory neurons that reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, which transmits this odour-specific information to the olfactory bulb (OB), where it is relayed to higher brain regions involved in olfactory perception and behaviour. Besides odour processing, recent studies suggest that the OB extends its function into the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Furthermore, numerous hormone receptors associated with appetite and metabolism are expressed within the OB, suggesting a neuroendocrine role outside the hypothalamus. Olfactory cues are important to promote food preparatory behaviours and consumption, such as enhancing appetite and salivation. In addition, altered metabolism or energy state (fasting, satiety and overnutrition) can change olfactory processing and perception. Similarly, various animal models and human pathologies indicate a strong link between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the nature of this reciprocal relationship is critical to understand how olfactory or metabolic disorders arise. This present review elaborates on the connection between olfaction, feeding behaviour and metabolism and will shed light on the neuroendocrine role of the OB as an interface between the external and internal environments. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which olfactory signals are integrated and translated into metabolic responses holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at modulating appetite and promoting metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Diego S, Nolberto A, Pablo AJ, Ricardo C, Nelson Z, Marisol V. Nursing Honeybee Behavior and Sensorial-Related Genes Are Altered by Deformed Wing Virus Variant A. INSECTS 2024; 15:80. [PMID: 38392500 PMCID: PMC10889485 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Insect behavior is coordinated mainly by smell through the diverse odor-binding proteins (OBP) that allow them to identify and recognize their environment. Sensory information collected through smell is then analyzed and interpreted in the brain, allowing for correct insect functioning. The behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) can be affected by different pathogens, such as deformed wing virus (DWV). In particular, the DWV variant A (DWV-A) is capable of altering olfactory sensitivity and reducing the gene expression of different OBPs, including those associated with nursing behavior. The DWV is also capable of replicating itself in the sensory lobes of the brain, further compromising the processing of sensory information. This study evaluated the behavioral response of nurse honeybees exposed to a pheromone compound and the alterations in the gene expression of the pre- and post-synaptic neuronal genes neuroxins-1 and neurogilin-1 in the bee heads and OBP proteins in the antennae of nurse bees inoculated with DWV-A. The behavioral response of nurse bees exposed to the larval pheromone compound benzyl alcohol was analyzed using a Y-tube olfactometer. The viral load, the gene expression of OBP5 and OBP11 in antennae, and neuroxins-1 and neurogilin-1 in the bee heads were analyzed via qPCR. High viral loads significantly reduced the ability of 10- and 15-day-old nurse honeybees to choose the correct pheromone compound. Also, the gene expression of OBP5, OBP11, neuroxin-1, and neurogilin-1 in nurse honeybees decreased when they were highly infected with DWV-A. These results suggest that a DWV-A infection can disturb information processing and cause nursing honeybees to reduce their activity inside the hive, altering internal cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Diego
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Arismendi Nolberto
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Picarte 1130-1160, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alveal Juan Pablo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Ceballos Ricardo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Zapata Nelson
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Vargas Marisol
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
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Tan SQ, Wei HS, Li Z, Liu XX. The Odorant-Binding Protein 1 Mediates the Foraging Behavior of Grapholita molesta Larvae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:116-127. [PMID: 38109355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Since eggs are laid directly on fruit skin, it is typically believed that food odor has little impact on the foraging of Grapholita molesta larvae. It is crucial to note that larvae that hatch on twigs and leaves could need some sort of identification system when foraging. Here, 22 GmolOBP genes were identified from the G. molesta larval transcriptome via the comparison of conserved domain and homology in the protein level. GmolOBP1 had strong affinities for important pear-fruit volatiles, which caused larvae strong behavioral responses. However, after GmolOBP1 silencing, the larvae lost their attraction to methyl salicylate, α-farnesene, butyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, and the effects of larvae seeking various pears were significantly reduced. Consequently, GmolOBP1 was required for the reception of pear volatiles and was involved in mediating how G. molesta larvae foraged. Our research revealed the GmolOBP1 foraging signal recognition mechanism as well as potential molecular targets for field pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qian Tan
- Department of Entomology and Key Lab of Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Shuang Wei
- Department of Entomology and Key Lab of Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and Key Lab of Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liu
- Department of Entomology and Key Lab of Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Cohen O, Kahan A, Steinberg I, Malinowski ST, Rokni D, Spehr M, Ben-Shaul Y. Stimulus-Induced Theta-Band LFP Oscillations Format Neuronal Representations of Social Chemosignals in the Mouse Accessory Olfactory Bulb. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8700-8722. [PMID: 37903594 PMCID: PMC10727196 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1055-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social communication is crucial for the survival of many species. In most vertebrates, a dedicated chemosensory system, the vomeronasal system (VNS), evolved to process ethologically relevant chemosensory cues. The first central processing stage of the VNS is the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which sends information to downstream brain regions via AOB mitral cells (AMCs). Recent studies provided important insights about the functional properties of AMCs, but little is known about the principles that govern their coordinated activity. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and single-unit activity in the AOB of adult male and female mice during presentation of natural stimuli. Our recordings reveal prominent LFP theta-band oscillatory episodes with a characteristic spatial pattern across the AOB. Throughout an experiment, the AOB network shows varying degrees of similarity to this pattern, in a manner that depends on the sensory stimulus. Analysis of LFP signal polarity and single-unit activity indicates that oscillatory episodes are generated locally within the AOB, likely representing a reciprocal interaction between AMCs and granule cells. Notably, spike times of many AMCs are constrained to the negative LFP oscillation phase in a manner that can drastically affect integration by downstream processing stages. Based on these observations, we propose that LFP oscillations may gate, bind, and organize outgoing signals from individual AOB neurons to downstream processing stages. Our findings suggest that, as in other neuronal systems and brain regions, population-level oscillations play a key role in organizing and enhancing transmission of socially relevant chemosensory information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first central stage of the vomeronasal system, a chemosensory system dedicated to processing cues from other organisms. Information from the AOB is conveyed to other brain regions via activity of its principal neurons, AOB mitral cells (AMCs). Here, we show that socially relevant sensory stimulation of the mouse vomeronasal system leads not only to changes in AMC activity, but also to distinct theta-band (∼5 Hz) oscillatory episodes in the local field potential. Notably AMCs favor the negative phase of these oscillatory events. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for the temporal coordination of distributed patterns of neuronal activity, which can serve to efficiently activate downstream processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Anat Kahan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Idan Steinberg
- Alpha Program, Future Scientist Center, The Hebrew University Youth Division, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sebastian T Malinowski
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan Rokni
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoram Ben-Shaul
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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7
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Stapleton MC, Koch SP, Cortes DRE, Wyman S, Schwab KE, Mueller S, McKennan CG, Boehm-Sturm P, Wu YL. Apolipoprotein-E deficiency leads to brain network alteration characterized by diffusion MRI and graph theory. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1183312. [PMID: 38075287 PMCID: PMC10702609 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a major health concern for senior citizens, characterized by memory loss, confusion, and impaired cognitive abilities. Apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) is a well-known risk factor for LOAD, though exactly how ApoE affects LOAD risks is unknown. We hypothesize that ApoE attenuation of LOAD resiliency or vulnerability has a neurodevelopmental origin via changing brain network architecture. We investigated the brain network structure in adult ApoE knock out (ApoE KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) followed by graph theory to delineate brain network topology. Left and right hemisphere connectivity revealed significant differences in number of connections between the hippocampus, amygdala, caudate putamen and other brain regions. Network topology based on the graph theory of ApoE KO demonstrated decreased functional integration, network efficiency, and network segregation between the hippocampus and amygdala and the rest of the brain, compared to those in WT counterparts. Our data show that brain network developed differently in ApoE KO and WT mice at 5 months of age, especially in the network reflected in the hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate putamen. This indicates that ApoE is involved in brain network development which might modulate LOAD risks via changing brain network structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Caroline Stapleton
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stefan Paul Koch
- Charité 3R | Replace, Reduce, Refine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Devin Raine Everaldo Cortes
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel Wyman
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristina E. Schwab
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Charité 3R | Replace, Reduce, Refine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Charité 3R | Replace, Reduce, Refine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yijen Lin Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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8
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Mariette J, Noël A, Louis T, Montagné N, Chertemps T, Jacquin-Joly E, Marion-Poll F, Sandoz JC. Transcuticular calcium imaging as a tool for the functional study of insect odorant receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1182361. [PMID: 37645702 PMCID: PMC10461100 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1182361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary actors in the detection of olfactory information in insects are odorant receptors (ORs), transmembrane proteins expressed at the dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In order to decode the insect olfactome, many studies focus on the deorphanization of ORs (i.e., identification of their ligand), using various approaches involving heterologous expression coupled to neurophysiological recordings. The "empty neuron system" of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an appreciable host for insect ORs, because it conserves the cellular environment of an OSN. Neural activity is usually recorded using labor-intensive electrophysiological approaches (single sensillum recordings, SSR). In this study, we establish a simple method for OR deorphanization using transcuticular calcium imaging (TCI) at the level of the fly antenna. As a proof of concept, we used two previously deorphanized ORs from the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a specialist pheromone receptor and a generalist plant odor receptor. We demonstrate that by co-expressing the GCaMP6s/m calcium probes with the OR of interest, it is possible to measure robust odorant-induced responses under conventional microscopy conditions. The tuning breadth and sensitivity of ORs as revealed using TCI were similar to those measured using single sensillum recordings (SSR). We test and discuss the practical advantages of this method in terms of recording duration and the simultaneous testing of several insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mariette
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, IDEEV, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amélie Noël
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, IDEEV, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Louis
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, IDEEV, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Marion-Poll
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, IDEEV, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, IDEEV, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Portalés A, Chamero P, Jurado S. Natural and Pathological Aging Distinctively Impacts the Pheromone Detection System and Social Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4641-4658. [PMID: 37129797 PMCID: PMC10293359 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease cause deficits in olfaction; however, it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impacts the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively affects the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Whereas cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative, and progenitor cells. These alterations may support age-related deficits in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior. Our findings indicate that aging disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination, and habituation in both wild-type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1). Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupts the exploration of social information and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Portalés
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain
| | - Pablo Chamero
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de La Reproduction Et Des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain.
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10
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Guo P, Hao E, Li H, Yang X, Lu P, Qiao H. Expression Pattern and Ligand Binding Characteristics Analysis of Chemosensory Protein SnitCSP2 from Sirex nitobei. INSECTS 2023; 14:583. [PMID: 37504589 PMCID: PMC10380366 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sirex nitobei is an important wood-boring wasp to conifers native to Asia, causing considerable economic and ecological damage. However, the current control means cannot achieve better efficiency, and it is expected to clarify the molecular mechanism of protein-ligand binding for effective pest control. This study analyzed the expression pattern of CSP2 in S. nitobei (SnitCSP2) and its features of binding to the screened ligands using molecular docking and dynamic simulations. The results showed that SnitCSP2 was significantly expressed in female antennae. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations revealed that SnitCSP2 bound better to the host plant volatile (+)-α-pinene and symbiotic fungal volatiles terpene and (-)-globulol than other target ligands. By the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method, the free binding energies of the three complexes were calculated as -44.813 ± 0.189 kJ/mol, -50.446 ± 0.396 kJ/mol, and -56.418 ± 0.368 kJ/mol, and the van der Waals energy was found to contribute significantly to the stability of the complexes. Some key amino acid residues were also identified: VAL13, GLY14, LYS61, MET65, and LYS68 were important for the stable binding of (+)-α-pinene by SnitCSP2, while for terpenes, ILE16, ALA25, TYR26, CYS29, GLU39, THR37, and GLY40 were vital for a stable binding system. We identified three potential ligands and analyzed the interaction patterns of the proteins with them to provide a favorable molecular basis for regulating insect behavioral interactions and developing new pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Enhua Hao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Li
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Guo L, Cheng J, Lian S, Liu Q, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Zhu K, Zhang M, Kong Y, Zhang C, Rong N, Zhuang Y, Fang G, Jiang J, Zhang T, Han X, Liu Z, Xia M, Liu S, Zhang L, Liberles SD, Yu X, Xu Y, Yang F, Li Q, Sun JP. Structural basis of amine odorant perception by a mammal olfactory receptor. Nature 2023; 618:193-200. [PMID: 37225986 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Odorants are detected as smell in the nasal epithelium of mammals by two G-protein-coupled receptor families, the odorant receptors and the trace amine-associated receptors1,2 (TAARs). TAARs emerged following the divergence of jawed and jawless fish, and comprise a large monophyletic family of receptors that recognize volatile amine odorants to elicit both intraspecific and interspecific innate behaviours such as attraction and aversion3-5. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse TAAR9 (mTAAR9) and mTAAR9-Gs or mTAAR9-Golf trimers in complex with β-phenylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine or spermidine. The mTAAR9 structures contain a deep and tight ligand-binding pocket decorated with a conserved D3.32W6.48Y7.43 motif, which is essential for amine odorant recognition. In the mTAAR9 structure, a unique disulfide bond connecting the N terminus to ECL2 is required for agonist-induced receptor activation. We identify key structural motifs of TAAR family members for detecting monoamines and polyamines and the shared sequence of different TAAR members that are responsible for recognition of the same odour chemical. We elucidate the molecular basis of mTAAR9 coupling to Gs and Golf by structural characterization and mutational analysis. Collectively, our results provide a structural basis for odorant detection, receptor activation and Golf coupling of an amine olfactory receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Biogenic Amines/analysis
- Biogenic Amines/chemistry
- Biogenic Amines/metabolism
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/ultrastructure
- Odorants/analysis
- Olfactory Perception/physiology
- Polyamines/analysis
- Polyamines/chemistry
- Polyamines/metabolism
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/chemistry
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/genetics
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/metabolism
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Odorant/chemistry
- Receptors, Odorant/genetics
- Receptors, Odorant/metabolism
- Receptors, Odorant/ultrastructure
- Smell/physiology
- Spermidine/analysis
- Spermidine/chemistry
- Spermidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yalei Kong
- Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Naikang Rong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zili Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liu H, Wu JJ, Li R, Wang PZ, Huang JH, Xu Y, Zhao JL, Wu PP, Li SJ, Wu ZX. Disexcitation in the ASH/RIM/ADL negative feedback circuit fine-tunes hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1101628. [PMID: 37008778 PMCID: PMC10050701 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensations, especially nociception, are tightly controlled and regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Osmotic sensation and related physiological and behavioral reactions are essential for animal well-being and survival. In this study, we find that interaction between secondary nociceptive ADL and primary nociceptive ASH neurons upregulates Caenorhabditis elegans avoidance of the mild and medium hyperosmolality of 0.41 and 0.88 Osm but does not affect avoidance of high osmolality of 1.37 and 2.29 Osm. The interaction between ASH and ADL is actualized through a negative feedback circuit consisting of ASH, ADL, and RIM interneurons. In this circuit, hyperosmolality-sensitive ADL augments the ASH hyperosmotic response and animal hyperosmotic avoidance; RIM inhibits ADL and is excited by ASH; thus, ASH exciting RIM reduces ADL augmenting ASH. The neuronal signal integration modality in the circuit is disexcitation. In addition, ASH promotes hyperosmotic avoidance through ASH/RIC/AIY feedforward circuit. Finally, we find that in addition to ASH and ADL, multiple sensory neurons are involved in hyperosmotic sensation and avoidance behavior.
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13
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Scarano F, Deivarajan Suresh M, Tiraboschi E, Cabirol A, Nouvian M, Nowotny T, Haase A. Geosmin suppresses defensive behaviour and elicits unusual neural responses in honey bees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3851. [PMID: 36890201 PMCID: PMC9995521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Geosmin is an odorant produced by bacteria in moist soil. It has been found to be extraordinarily relevant to some insects, but the reasons for this are not yet fully understood. Here we report the first tests of the effect of geosmin on honey bees. A stinging assay showed that the defensive behaviour elicited by the bee's alarm pheromone component isoamyl acetate (IAA) is strongly suppressed by geosmin. Surprisingly, the suppression is, however, only present at very low geosmin concentrations, and disappears at higher concentrations. We investigated the underlying mechanisms at the level of the olfactory receptor neurons by means of electroantennography, finding the responses to mixtures of geosmin and IAA to be lower than to pure IAA, suggesting an interaction of both compounds at the olfactory receptor level. Calcium imaging of the antennal lobe (AL) revealed that neuronal responses to geosmin decreased with increasing concentration, correlating well with the observed behaviour. Computational modelling of odour transduction and coding in the AL suggests that a broader activation of olfactory receptor types by geosmin in combination with lateral inhibition could lead to the observed non-monotonic increasing-decreasing responses to geosmin and thus underlie the specificity of the behavioural response to low geosmin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Scarano
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38120, Trento, Italy.,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Tiraboschi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Amélie Cabirol
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Nouvian
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Nowotny
- School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Albrecht Haase
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38120, Trento, Italy. .,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.
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14
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Noyes NC, Davis RL. Innate and learned odor-guided behaviors utilize distinct molecular signaling pathways in a shared dopaminergic circuit. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112026. [PMID: 36701232 PMCID: PMC10366338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor-based learning and innate odor-driven behavior have been hypothesized to require separate neuronal circuitry. Contrary to this notion, innate behavior and olfactory learning were recently shown to share circuitry that includes the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). But how a single circuit drives two discrete behaviors remains unknown. Here, we define an MB circuit responsible for both olfactory learning and innate odor avoidance and the distinct dDA1 dopamine receptor-dependent signaling pathways that mediate these behaviors. Associative learning and learning-induced MB plasticity require rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase activity in the MB. In contrast, innate odor preferences driven by naive MB neurotransmission are rutabaga independent, requiring the adenylyl cyclase ACXD. Both learning and innate odor preferences converge on PKA and the downstream MBON-γ2α'1. Importantly, the utilization of this shared circuitry for innate behavior only becomes apparent with hunger, indicating that hardwired innate behavior becomes more flexible during states of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way #3C2, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way #3C2, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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15
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Olfactory and gustatory receptor genes in fig wasps: Evolutionary insights from comparative studies. Gene 2023; 850:146953. [PMID: 36243214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of chemoreception in fig wasps (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) are of primary importance in their co-evolutionary relationship with the fig trees they pollinate. We used transcriptome sequences of 25 fig wasps in six genera that allowed a comparative approach to the evolution of key molecular components of fig wasp chemoreception: their odorant (OR) and gustatory (GR) receptor genes. In total, we identified 311 ORs and 47 GRs, with each species recording from 5 to 30 OR genes and 1-4 GR genes. 304 OR genes clustered into 18 orthologous groups known to be sensitive to cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC), pheromones, acids, alcohols and a variety of floral scents such as cineole, Linalool, and Heptanone. 45 GR genes clustered into 4 orthologous groups that contain sweet, bitter, CO2 and undocumented receptors. Gene sequences in most orthologous groups varied greatly among species, except for ORco (60.0% conserved) and sweet receptors (30.7% conserved). Strong purifying selection of both odorant and gustatory genes was detected, as shown by low ω values. Signatures of positive selection were detected in loci from both OR and GR orthologous groups. Fig wasps have relatively few olfactory and especially gustatory receptors, reflecting the natural history of the system. Amino acid sequences nonetheless vary significantly between species and are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships among fig wasps. The differences in ORs within some orthologous groups from the same species, but different hosts and from closely related species from one host can reach as low as 49.3% and 9.8% respectively, implying the ORs of fig wasps can evolve rapidly to novel ecological environments. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the molecular basis of the chemosensory systems of fig wasps.
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16
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Dong JF, Yang HB, Li DX, Yu HQ, Tian CH. Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory receptors in the tarsi of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177297. [PMID: 37101698 PMCID: PMC10123274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensation of tarsi provides moths with the ability to detect chemical signals which are important for food recognition. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the chemosensory roles of tarsi are still unknown. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious moth pest that can damage many plants worldwide. In the current study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing with total RNA extracted from S. frugiperda tarsi. Through sequence assembly and gene annotation, 23 odorant receptors 10 gustatory receptors and 10 inotropic receptors (IRs) were identified. Further phylogenetic analysis with these genes and homologs from other insect species indicated specific genes, including ORco, carbon dioxide receptors, fructose receptor, IR co-receptors, and sugar receptors were expressed in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Expression profiling with RT-qPCR in different tissues of adult S. frugiperda showed that most annotated SfruORs and SfruIRs were mainly expressed in the antennae, and most SfruGRs were mainly expressed in the proboscises. However, SfruOR30, SfruGR9, SfruIR60a, SfruIR64a, SfruIR75d, and SfruIR76b were also highly enriched in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Especially SfruGR9, the putative fructose receptor, was predominantly expressed in the tarsi, and with its levels significantly higher in the female tarsi than in the male ones. Moreover, SfruIR60a was also found to be expressed with higher levels in the tarsi than in other tissues. This study not only improves our insight into the tarsal chemoreception systems of S. frugiperda but also provides useful information for further functional studies of chemosensory receptors in S. frugiperda tarsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Ding-Xu Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Qi Yu
- Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Qi Yu, ; Cai-Hong Tian,
| | - Cai-Hong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Qi Yu, ; Cai-Hong Tian,
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17
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Birdal G, D'Gama PP, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Korsching SI. Expression of taste sentinels, T1R, T2R, and PLCβ2, on the passageway for olfactory signals in zebrafish. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad040. [PMID: 37843175 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The senses of taste and smell detect overlapping sets of chemical compounds in fish, e.g. amino acids are detected by both senses. However, so far taste and smell organs appeared morphologically to be very distinct, with a specialized olfactory epithelium for detection of odors and taste buds located in the oral cavity and lip for detection of tastants. Here, we report dense clusters of cells expressing T1R and T2R receptors as well as their signal transduction molecule PLCβ2 in nostrils of zebrafish, i.e. on the entrance funnel through which odor molecules must pass to be detected by olfactory sensory neurons. Quantitative evaluation shows the density of these chemosensory cells in the nostrils to be as high or higher than that in the established taste organs oral cavity and lower lip. Hydrodynamic flow is maximal at the nostril rim enabling high throughput chemosensation in this organ. Taken together, our results suggest a sentinel function for these chemosensory cells in the nostril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günes Birdal
- Institute for Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Percival P D'Gama
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgsons Gate 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgsons Gate 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrun I Korsching
- Institute for Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Swanson JL, Ortiz-Guzman J, Srivastava S, Chin PS, Dooling SW, Hanson Moss E, Kochukov MY, Hunt PJ, Patel JM, Pekarek BT, Tong Q, Arenkiel BR. Activation of basal forebrain-to-lateral habenula circuitry drives reflexive aversion and suppresses feeding behavior. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22044. [PMID: 36543829 PMCID: PMC9772215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues and internal states such as mood, reward, or aversion directly influence feeding behaviors beyond homeostatic necessity. The hypothalamus has been extensively investigated for its role in homeostatic feeding. However, many of the neural circuits that drive more complex, non-homeostatic feeding that integrate valence and sensory cues (such as taste and smell) remain unknown. Here, we describe a basal forebrain (BF)-to-lateral habenula (LHb) circuit that directly modulates non-homeostatic feeding behavior. Using viral-mediated circuit mapping, we identified a population of glutamatergic neurons within the BF that project to the LHb, which responds to diverse sensory cues, including aversive and food-related odors. Optogenetic activation of BF-to-LHb circuitry drives robust, reflexive-like aversion. Furthermore, activation of this circuitry suppresses the drive to eat in a fasted state. Together, these data reveal a role of basal forebrain glutamatergic neurons in modulating LHb-associated aversion and feeding behaviors by sensing environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua Ortiz-Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pey-Shyuan Chin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean W Dooling
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hanson Moss
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Kochukov
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick J Hunt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon T Pekarek
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Stuckert AMM, Summers K. Investigating signal modalities of aposematism in a poison frog. J Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. M. Stuckert
- Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA
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20
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Oleszkiewicz A, Pettke K, Olze H, Uecker FC, Hummel T. Effects of odors on posture. J SENS STUD 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- Institute of Psychology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw
| | - Karolina Pettke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Florian C. Uecker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology TU Dresden Dresden Germany
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21
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Desai N, Maggioni E, Obrist M, Orlu M. Scent-delivery devices as a digital healthcare tool for olfactory training: A pilot focus group study in Parkinson's disease patients. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221129061. [PMID: 36204704 PMCID: PMC9530561 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms. The most common non-motor symptom is scent (olfactory) impairment, occurring at least four years prior to motor symptom onset. Recent and growing interest in digital healthcare technology used in PD has resulted in more technologies developed for motor rather than non-motor symptoms. Human-computer interaction (HCI), which uses computer technology to explore human activity and work, could be combined with digital healthcare technologies to better understand and support olfaction via scent training - leading to the development of a scent-delivery device (SDD). In this pilot study, three PD patients were invited to an online focus group to explore the association between PD and olfaction, understand HCI and sensory technologies and were demonstrated a new multichannel SDD with an associated mobile app. Participants had a preconceived link, a result of personal experience, between olfactory impairment and PD. Participants felt that healthcare professionals did not take olfactory dysfunction concerns seriously prior to PD diagnosis. Two were not comfortable with sharing scent loss experiences with others. Participants expected the multichannel SDD to be small, portable and easy-to-use, with customisable cartridges to deliver chosen scents and the mobile app to create a sense of community. None of the participants regularly performed scent training but would consider doing so if some scent function could be regained. Standardised digital SDDs for regular healthcare check-ups may facilitate improvement in olfactory senses in PD patients and potential earlier PD diagnosis, allowing earlier therapeutic and symptomatic PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Desai
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Maggioni
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marianna Obrist
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK,Marianna Obrist, Department of Computer
Science, University College London, 169 Euston Road, London, UK.
| | - Mine Orlu
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy,
University College London, London, UK,Mine Orlu, Research Department of
Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
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22
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Rohlfs C. A descriptive analysis of olfactory sensation and memory in Drosophila and its relation to artificial neural networks. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Shanahan LK, Kahnt T. On the state-dependent nature of odor perception. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964742. [PMID: 36090268 PMCID: PMC9459319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory system-and odor perception by extension-is susceptible to state-dependent influences. This review delves into human behavioral research in this area, and also touches on mechanistic evidence and examples from animal work. The review summarizes studies on the impact of satiety state on olfaction, highlighting the robust effects of food intake on the perceived pleasantness of food odors and olfactory decision-making. The impacts of other behavioral states on olfaction are also discussed. While research in this area is more limited, preliminary evidence suggests that odor perception is altered by circadian state, sleep deprivation, and mood. The flexibility in olfactory function described here can be considered adaptive, as it serves to direct behavior toward stimuli with high state-dependent value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Shanahan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Comparisons of chemosensory gene repertoires in human and non-human feeding Anopheles mosquitoes link olfactory genes to anthropophily. iScience 2022; 25:104521. [PMID: 35754720 PMCID: PMC9213756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the genetic basis of anthropophily (human host use) in a non-model mosquito species group, the Anopheles farauti complex from the southwest Pacific. This complex has experienced multiple transitions from anthropophily to zoophily, contrasting with well-studied systems (the global species Aedes aegypti and the African Anopheles gambiae complex) that have evolved to be specialist anthropophiles. By performing tests of selection and assessing evolutionary patterns for >200 olfactory genes from nine genomes, we identify several candidate genes associated with differences in anthropophily in this complex. Based on evolutionary patterns (phylogenetic relationships, fixed amino acid differences, and structural differences) as well as results from selection analyses, we identify numerous genes that are likely to play an important role in mosquitoes’ ability to detect humans as hosts. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the evolution of insect olfactory gene families and mosquito host preference as well as having potential applied outcomes. Genomes of Anopheles mosquitoes with differing host preferences were sequenced Evolutionary comparisons were performed on >200 insect chemosensory genes These comparisons revealed candidate genes involved in human feeding Two of the main candidates identified were co-receptor Ir8a and Or75
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25
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Abstract
Despite the identification of neural circuits and circulating hormones in olfactory regulation, the peripheral targets for olfactory modulation remain relatively unexplored. Here we show that dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is expressed in the cilia and somata of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), while nasal dopamine (DA) is mainly released from the sympathetic nerve terminals, which innervate the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM). We further demonstrate that DA-DRD2 signaling in the nose plays important roles in regulating olfactory function using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Moreover, the local DA synthesis in mouse OM is reduced during hunger, which contributes to starvation-induced olfactory enhancement. Altogether, we demonstrate that nasal DA and DRD2 receptor can serve as the potential peripheral targets for olfactory modulation. Olfactory behavior is important for animal survival, and olfactory dysfunction is a common feature of several diseases. Despite the identification of neural circuits and circulating hormones in olfactory regulation, the peripheral targets for olfactory modulation remain relatively unexplored. In analyzing the single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human olfactory mucosa (OM), we found that the mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express high levels of dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) rather than other dopamine receptor subtypes. The DRD2 receptor is expressed in the cilia and somata of mature OSNs, while nasal dopamine is mainly released from the sympathetic nerve terminals, which innervate the mouse OM. Intriguingly, genetic ablation of Drd2 in mature OSNs or intranasal application with DRD2 antagonist significantly increased the OSN response to odorants and enhanced the olfactory sensitivity in mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that dopamine, acting through DRD2 receptor, could inhibit odor-induced cAMP signaling of olfactory receptors. Interestingly, the local dopamine synthesis in mouse OM is down-regulated during starvation, which leads to hunger-induced olfactory enhancement. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of local dopamine synthesis in mouse OM is sufficient to enhance olfactory abilities. Altogether, these results reveal nasal dopamine and DRD2 receptor as the potential peripheral targets for olfactory modulation.
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26
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From In Vitro Data to In Vivo Interspecies Danger Communication: A Study of Chemosensing via the Mouse Grueneberg Ganglion. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030356. [PMID: 35158677 PMCID: PMC8833560 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mouse olfactory system is essential for danger detection with a critical role in the Grueneberg ganglion subsystem. This organ, which is localized at the tip of the nose, is implicated in the recognition of kairomones, or chemical cues released by predators which allow interspecies communication. These kairomones, which are present in the secretions of predators, will induce fear-related behaviours in mice. It is not yet known how the Grueneberg ganglion neurons can detect these molecules; however, three specific bitter taste receptors, known as TAS2Rs, that are present in the Grueneberg ganglion play a role in this detection. Here, using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental approaches, we identified two novel and potent sources of kairomones that are recognized by the mouse Grueneberg ganglion neurons, namely the biological secretions from the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Abstract In the wild, mice have developed survival strategies to detect volatile cues that warn them of potential danger. Specific olfactory neurons found in the Grueneberg ganglion olfactory subsystem can detect alarm pheromones emitted by stressed conspecifics, as well as kairomones involuntarily released by their predators. These volatile chemical cues allow intra- and interspecies communication of danger, respectively. Alarm pheromones, kairomones and bitter taste ligands share a common chemical motif containing sulfur or nitrogen. Interestingly, three specific bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have been found in the Grueneberg ganglion neurons that are implicated in danger signalling pathways. We have recently developed a TAS2R–expressing heterologous system that mimics the Grueneberg ganglion neuron responses after kairomone stimulation. Here, we demonstrated by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments that the biological secretions from the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the skunk (Mephitis mephitis) were acting as potent sources of kairomones. They activated the Grueneberg ganglion neurons and induced fear-related behaviours in mice. Identification of new sources of semiochemicals is a first step towards an understanding of the interspecies danger communication that takes place in the Grueneberg ganglion.
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27
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Yang W, Wu T, Tu S, Qin Y, Shen C, Li J, Choi MK, Duan F, Zhang Y. Redundant neural circuits regulate olfactory integration. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010029. [PMID: 35100258 PMCID: PMC8830790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory integration is important for survival in a natural habitat. However, how the nervous system processes signals of two odorants present simultaneously to generate a coherent behavioral response is poorly understood. Here, we characterize circuit basis for a form of olfactory integration in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that the presence of a repulsive odorant, 2-nonanone, that signals threat strongly blocks the attraction of other odorants, such as isoamyl alcohol (IAA) or benzaldehyde, that signal food. Using a forward genetic screen, we found that genes known to regulate the structure and function of sensory neurons, osm-5 and osm-1, played a critical role in the integration process. Loss of these genes mildly reduces the response to the repellent 2-nonanone and disrupts the integration effect. Restoring the function of OSM-5 in either AWB or ASH, two sensory neurons known to mediate 2-nonanone-evoked avoidance, is sufficient to rescue. Sensory neurons AWB and downstream interneurons AVA, AIB, RIM that play critical roles in olfactory sensorimotor response are able to process signals generated by 2-nonanone or IAA or the mixture of the two odorants and contribute to the integration. Thus, our results identify redundant neural circuits that regulate the robust effect of a repulsive odorant to block responses to attractive odorants and uncover the neuronal and cellular basis for this complex olfactory task. In their natural environment, animals, including humans, encounter complex olfactory stimuli. Thus, how the brain processes multiple sensory cues to generate a coherent behavioral output is critical for the survival of the animal. In the present study, we combined molecular cellular genetics, optical physiology and behavioral analysis to study a common olfactory phenomenon in which the presence of one odorant blocks the response to another. Our results show that the integrated response is regulated by redundant neuronal circuits that engage several interneurons essential for olfactory sensorimotor responses, a mechanism that likely ensures a robust behavioral response to sensory cues representing information critical for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Yang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (YZ)
| | - Taihong Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shasha Tu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuang Qin
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchen Shen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangyun Li
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Myung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fengyun Duan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WY); (YZ)
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28
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Behavior of female adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) exposed to natural and synthesized odors. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3996/jfwm-21-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Conservation and management of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and other imperiled lamprey species could include the use of chemosensory cues to attract or repel migrating adults. For restoration programs, passage of adult lamprey at dams might be improved by using cues to help guide lamprey through fishway entrances. In contrast, odors might repel unwanted invasive Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the Laurentian Great Lakes from spawning habitats or improve trapping efficiency. We conducted bioassays with Pacific Lamprey in a two-choice maze to evaluate the behavioral response of pre-ovulatory adult females to introduced chemical cues and changes in flow. During overnight tests, for each female we measured the number of entries into each arm of the maze and the amount of time spent in each arm after application of natural odors from pre-spawning conspecifics (males and females) in one of the arms. Using the same methods, we also tested whether adult females were attracted to natural odor from spermiating males, to a synthesized (artificially produced) component of a Sea Lamprey sex pheromone (3-keto petromyzonol sulfate, 3kPZS), or to an attraction flow (12 L/min as reference). In all tests, the lamprey showed consistent nocturnal activity, typically moving from sunset until sunrise and remaining inactive during daylight hours. For natural odors, the number of entries and the amount of time females spent in the treatment arm were not significantly different between control and treatment periods. However, females spent significantly less time in the treatment arm with the synthesized 3kPZS than when no odor was delivered. Females showed strong, positive responses to the attraction flow and with our assay, we could identify significant behavioral responses when the differences between the control and experimental means were greater than 15-20%. The response of lampreys to sex pheromones may be species-specific, with Pacific Lamprey less likely to respond to conspecific odors than Sea Lamprey.
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29
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Cheng H, Liu Y, Xue Y, Shao J, Tan Z, Liu S, Duan S, Kang L. Molecular Strategies for Intensity-Dependent Olfactory Processing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:748214. [PMID: 34803606 PMCID: PMC8600271 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.748214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various odorants trigger complex animal behaviors across species in both quality- and quantity-dependent manners. However, how the intensity of olfactory input is encoded remains largely unknown. Here we report that isoamyl alcohol (IAA) induces bi-directional currents through a Gα- guanylate cyclase (GC)- cGMP signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans olfactory neuron amphid wing “C” cell (AWC), while two opposite cGMP signaling pathways are responsible for odor-sensing in olfactory neuron amphid wing “B” cell (AWB): (1) a depolarizing Gα (GPA-3)- phosphodiesterase (PDE) – cGMP pathway which can be activated by low concentrations of isoamyl alcohol (IAA), and (2) a hyperpolarizing Gα (ODR-3)- GC- cGMP pathway sensing high concentrations of IAA. Besides, IAA induces Gα (ODR-3)-TRPV(OSM-9)-dependent currents in amphid wing “A” cell (AWA) and amphid neuron “H” cell with single ciliated sensory ending (ASH) neurons with different thresholds. Our results demonstrate that an elaborate combination of multiple signaling machineries encode the intensity of olfactory input, shedding light on understanding the molecular strategies on sensory transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankui Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadan Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Eschbach C, Fushiki A, Winding M, Afonso B, Andrade IV, Cocanougher BT, Eichler K, Gepner R, Si G, Valdes-Aleman J, Fetter RD, Gershow M, Jefferis GS, Samuel AD, Truman JW, Cardona A, Zlatic M. Circuits for integrating learned and innate valences in the insect brain. eLife 2021; 10:62567. [PMID: 34755599 PMCID: PMC8616581 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior is shaped both by evolution and by individual experience. Parallel brain pathways encode innate and learned valences of cues, but the way in which they are integrated during action-selection is not well understood. We used electron microscopy to comprehensively map with synaptic resolution all neurons downstream of all mushroom body (MB) output neurons (encoding learned valences) and characterized their patterns of interaction with lateral horn (LH) neurons (encoding innate valences) in Drosophila larva. The connectome revealed multiple convergence neuron types that receive convergent MB and LH inputs. A subset of these receives excitatory input from positive-valence MB and LH pathways and inhibitory input from negative-valence MB pathways. We confirmed functional connectivity from LH and MB pathways and behavioral roles of two of these neurons. These neurons encode integrated odor value and bidirectionally regulate turning. Based on this, we speculate that learning could potentially skew the balance of excitation and inhibition onto these neurons and thereby modulate turning. Together, our study provides insights into the circuits that integrate learned and innate valences to modify behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Eschbach
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Akira Fushiki
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience & Neurology, & Zuckerman Mind Brain Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Michael Winding
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Afonso
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid V Andrade
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Benjamin T Cocanougher
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Eichler
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Gepner
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Guangwei Si
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Javier Valdes-Aleman
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Marc Gershow
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Gregory Sxe Jefferis
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinthan Dt Samuel
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - James W Truman
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Albert Cardona
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Zlatic
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Capsoni S, Fogli Iseppe A, Casciano F, Pignatelli A. Unraveling the Role of Dopaminergic and Calretinin Interneurons in the Olfactory Bulb. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:718221. [PMID: 34690707 PMCID: PMC8531203 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.718221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception and discriminating of odors are sensory activities that are an integral part of our daily life. The first brain region where odors are processed is the olfactory bulb (OB). Among the different cell populations that make up this brain area, interneurons play an essential role in this sensory activity. Moreover, probably because of their activity, they represent an exception compared to other parts of the brain, since OB interneurons are continuously generated in the postnatal and adult period. In this review, we will focus on periglomerular (PG) cells which are a class of interneurons found in the glomerular layer of the OB. These interneurons can be classified into distinct subtypes based on their neurochemical nature, based on the neurotransmitter and calcium-binding proteins expressed by these cells. Dopaminergic (DA) periglomerular cells and calretinin (CR) cells are among the newly generated interneurons and play an important role in the physiology of OB. In the OB, DA cells are involved in the processing of odors and the adaptation of the bulbar network to external conditions. The main role of DA cells in OB appears to be the inhibition of glutamate release from olfactory sensory fibers. Calretinin cells are probably the best morphologically characterized interneurons among PG cells in OB, but little is known about their function except for their inhibitory effect on noisy random excitatory signals arriving at the main neurons. In this review, we will mainly describe the electrophysiological properties related to the excitability profiles of DA and CR cells, with a particular view on the differences that characterize DA mature interneurons from cells in different stages of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capsoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alex Fogli Iseppe
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Pignatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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32
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Jia L, Li S, Dai W, Guo L, Xu Z, Scott AM, Zhang Z, Ren J, Zhang Q, Dexheimer TS, Chung-Davidson YW, Neubig RR, Li Q, Li W. Convergent olfactory trace amine-associated receptors detect biogenic polyamines with distinct motifs via a conserved binding site. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101268. [PMID: 34600890 PMCID: PMC8546428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines activate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the central nervous system in vertebrate animals. Several biogenic amines, when excreted, stimulate trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), a group of GPCRs in the main olfactory epithelium, and elicit innate behaviors. How TAARs recognize amines with varying numbers of amino groups is largely unknown. We reasoned that a comparison between lamprey and mammalian olfactory TAARs, which are thought to have evolved independently but show convergent responses to polyamines, may reveal structural determinants of amine recognition. Here, we demonstrate that sea lamprey TAAR365 (sTAAR365) responds strongly to biogenic polyamines cadaverine, putrescine, and spermine, and shares a similar response profile as a mammalian TAAR (mTAAR9). Docking and site-directed mutagenesis analyses show that both sTAAR365 and mTAAR9 recognize the two amino groups of cadaverine with the conserved Asp3.32 and Tyr6.51 residues. sTAAR365, which has remarkable sensitivity for cadaverine (EC50 = 4 nM), uses an extra residue, Thr7.42, to stabilize ligand binding. These cadaverine recognition sites also interact with amines with four and three amino groups (spermine and spermidine, respectively). Glu7.36 of sTAAR365 cooperates with Asp3.32 and Thr7.42 to recognize spermine, whereas mTAAR9 recognizes spermidine through an additional aromatic residue, Tyr7.43. These results suggest a conserved mechanism whereby independently evolved TAAR receptors recognize amines with two, three, or four amino groups using the same recognition sites, at which sTAAR365 and mTAAR9 evolved distinct motifs. These motifs interact directly with the amino groups of the polyamines, a class of potent and ecologically important odorants, mediating olfactory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jia
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengju Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Dai
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrong Xu
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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Silva D, Ceballos R, Arismendi N, Dalmon A, Vargas M. Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of Apis mellifera. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100895. [PMID: 34680665 PMCID: PMC8541218 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Honey bees, Apis melllifera, are the most commonly managed bee in the world for pollination services. However, worldwide continuous colony losses have been reported for almost a decade. One factor of these losses is associated to pathogens being the virus one of the most important problems in honey bee health. One of the known viruses that affect the honey bee population is deformed wing virus (DWV). DWV causes physical malformation and behavioral disturbances, but also, this virus can be found in the antenna affecting the anatomical integrity of infected areas, which could compromise normal antennal functioning associated to aroma perception. Thus, we evaluate olfactory sensitivity and the expression of antenna-specific odorant-binding proteins (OBP) genes in honey bees inoculated with variant A of the DWV. We performed olfactory sensitivity analysis using the essential oils Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita, but also, and molecular analysis of gene expression of nine OBPs. We found that the high level of replication of DWV-A in the antennae decreased the olfactory sensitivity and led to a down-regulation of some OBPs in middle- and forager-age worker bees. Thus, DWV-A infection in adults of honey bees could compromise volatile compound recognition inside the hive and outside the hive. Abstract Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In Apis mellifera, behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants. In particular, it has been shown that variant A of DWV (DWV-A) is capable of altering the ultra-cellular structure associated with olfactory activity. In this study was evaluated olfactory sensitivity and the expression of OBP genes in honey bees inoculated with DWV-A. Electroantennographic analyses (EAG) were carried out to determine the olfactory sensitivity to the essential oils Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita. The expression of nine antenna-specific OBP genes and DWV-A load in inoculated bees was also quantified by qPCR. We observed an inverse relationship between viral load and olfactory sensitivity and the expression of some OBP proteins. Thus, high viral loads reduced olfactory sensitivity to essential oils and the gene expression of the OBP2, OBP5, OBP11, and OBP12 proteins on the antennas of middle- and forager-age bees. These results suggest that DWV-A could have negative effects on the processes of aroma perception by worker bees, affecting their performance in tasks carried out in and outside the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Silva
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Nolberto Arismendi
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Picarte 1130–1160, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Anne Dalmon
- Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, INRAE, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Marisol Vargas
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang C, Tang B, Zhou T, Yu X, Hu M, Dai W. Involvement of Chemosensory Protein BodoCSP1 in Perception of Host Plant Volatiles in Bradysia odoriphaga. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10797-10806. [PMID: 34503327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) can bind and transport odorant molecules and play important roles in insect chemoreception. In this study, we focused on the roles of a chemosensory protein (BodoCSP1) in perception of host plant volatiles in Bradysia odoriphaga. The expression of BodoCSP1 was significantly higher in adults than in larvae and pupae, without a significant difference between male and female adults. Recombinant protein BodoCSP1 exhibited relatively high binding affinities to 9 out of 10 tested ligands (Ki < 10 μM). Behavioral assays revealed that adults of B. odoriphaga showed a significant preference for five compounds. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of BodoCSP1 has the typical six α-helices that form the hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis combined with ligand-binding assays indicated that Val48 and Thr66 may be the key binding site in BodoCSP1 for host plant volatiles. RNAi results indicated that dsBodoCSP1-treated adults showed significant reductions in response to diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and allyl methyl disulfide. These results indicated that BodoCSP1 plays essential functions in the perception of host plant volatiles in B. odoriphaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taoling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Schneeberger K, Eccard JA. Experience of social density during early life is associated with attraction to conspecific odour in the common vole (
Microtus arvalis
). Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schneeberger
- Animal Ecology group University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Jana A. Eccard
- Animal Ecology group University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
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Datta S, Singh J, Singh J, Singh S, Singh S. Avoidance behavior of Eisenia fetida and Metaphire posthuma towards two different pesticides, acephate and atrazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130476. [PMID: 33839384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The avoidance behavior is regarded as the method that provides first hand information about the behavior of an organism in the presence of contaminants in the soil. Very little data is found in literature regarding the effect of pesticides on tropical earthworms. Two pesticides, acephate and atrazine which are widely used in Indian tropical area were investigated for their avoidance behavior on standard species, E. fetida (ISO 2007) and on a tropical species, M. posthuma. The avoidance tests are rarely replicated on tropical species, M. posthuma in comparison to standard species, E. fetida or E. andrei. The standard avoidance test (ISO 2007) was taken into consideration for two different species of earthworm. Significant difference in the distribution of earthworms in the control and test soils was found depicting that soil composition plays a vital role in affecting the distribution of worms. The results also show higher sensitivity of E. fetida in comparison to M. posthuma in terms of avoidance response for both the pesticides. For risk assessment, the soil types and indigenous soil species of earthworms must be taken into consideration for evaluation of soil contamination. Avoidance tests forms the basis to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the receptor proteins responsible for the process of chemesthesis in annelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India; School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144402, India.
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, 143002, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144402, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICwaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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Neural and Hormonal Basis of Opposite-Sex Preference by Chemosensory Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158311. [PMID: 34361077 PMCID: PMC8347621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian reproduction, sexually active males seek female conspecifics, while estrous females try to approach males. This sex-specific response tendency is called sexual preference. In small rodents, sexual preference cues are mainly chemosensory signals, including pheromones. In this article, we review the physiological mechanisms involved in sexual preference for opposite-sex chemosensory signals in well-studied laboratory rodents, mice, rats, and hamsters of both sexes, especially an overview of peripheral sensory receptors, and hormonal and central regulation. In the hormonal regulation section, we discuss potential rodent brain bisexuality, as it includes neural substrates controlling both masculine and feminine sexual preferences, i.e., masculine preference for female odors and the opposite. In the central regulation section, we show the substantial circuit regulating sexual preference and also the influence of sexual experience that innate attractants activate in the brain reward system to establish the learned attractant. Finally, we review the regulation of sexual preference by neuropeptides, oxytocin, vasopressin, and kisspeptin. Through this review, we clarified the contradictions and deficiencies in our current knowledge on the neuroendocrine regulation of sexual preference and sought to present problems requiring further study.
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Bansal R, Nagel M, Stopkova R, Sofer Y, Kimchi T, Stopka P, Spehr M, Ben-Shaul Y. Do all mice smell the same? Chemosensory cues from inbred and wild mouse strains elicit stereotypic sensory representations in the accessory olfactory bulb. BMC Biol 2021; 19:133. [PMID: 34182994 PMCID: PMC8240315 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For many animals, chemosensory cues are vital for social and defensive interactions and are primarily detected and processed by the vomeronasal system (VNS). These cues are often inherently associated with ethological meaning, leading to stereotyped behaviors. Thus, one would expect consistent representation of these stimuli across different individuals. However, individuals may express different arrays of vomeronasal sensory receptors and may vary in the pattern of connections between those receptors and projection neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In the first part of this study, we address the ability of individuals to form consistent representations despite these potential sources of variability. The second part of our study is motivated by the fact that the majority of research on VNS physiology involves the use of stimuli derived from inbred animals. Yet, it is unclear whether neuronal representations of inbred-derived stimuli are similar to those of more ethologically relevant wild-derived stimuli. Results First, we compared sensory representations to inbred, wild-derived, and wild urine stimuli in the AOBs of males from two distinct inbred strains, using them as proxies for individuals. We found a remarkable similarity in stimulus representations across the two strains. Next, we compared AOB neuronal responses to inbred, wild-derived, and wild stimuli, again using male inbred mice as subjects. Employing various measures of neuronal activity, we show that wild-derived and wild stimuli elicit responses that are broadly similar to those from inbred stimuli: they are not considerably stronger or weaker, they show similar levels of sexual dimorphism, and when examining population-level activity, cluster with inbred mouse stimuli. Conclusions Despite strain-specific differences and apparently random connectivity, the AOB can maintain stereotypic sensory representations for broad stimulus categories, providing a substrate for common stereotypical behaviors. In addition, despite many generations of inbreeding, AOB representations capture the key ethological features (i.e., species and sex) of wild-derived and wild counterparts. Beyond these broad similarities, representations of stimuli from wild mice are nevertheless distinct from those elicited by inbred mouse stimuli, suggesting that laboratory inbreeding has indeed resulted in marked modifications of urinary secretions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01064-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bansal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Romana Stopkova
- BIOCEV group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yizhak Sofer
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Kimchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Pavel Stopka
- BIOCEV group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoram Ben-Shaul
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Danger perception and stress response through an olfactory sensor for the bacterial metabolite hydrogen sulfide. Neuron 2021; 109:2469-2484.e7. [PMID: 34186026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system serves a critical function as a danger detection system to trigger defense responses essential for survival. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive such defenses in mammals are incompletely understood. Here, we have discovered an ultrasensitive olfactory sensor for the highly poisonous bacterial metabolite hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in mice. An atypical class of sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium, the type B cells, is activated by both H2S and low O2. These two stimuli trigger, respectively, Cnga2- and Trpc2-signaling pathways, which operate in separate subcellular compartments, the cilia and the dendritic knob. This activation drives essential defensive responses: elevation of the stress hormone ACTH, stress-related self-grooming behavior, and conditioned place avoidance. Our findings identify a previously unknown signaling paradigm in mammalian olfaction and define type B cells as chemosensory neurons that integrate distinct danger inputs from the external environment with appropriate defense outputs.
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40
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Gaudel F, Guiraudie-Capraz G, Féron F. Limbic Expression of mRNA Coding for Chemoreceptors in Human Brain-Lessons from Brain Atlases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136858. [PMID: 34202385 PMCID: PMC8267617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals strongly rely on chemical senses to uncover the outside world and adjust their behaviour. Chemical signals are perceived by facial sensitive chemosensors that can be clustered into three families, namely the gustatory (TASR), olfactory (OR, TAAR) and pheromonal (VNR, FPR) receptors. Over recent decades, chemoreceptors were identified in non-facial parts of the body, including the brain. In order to map chemoreceptors within the encephalon, we performed a study based on four brain atlases. The transcript expression of selected members of the three chemoreceptor families and their canonical partners was analysed in major areas of healthy and demented human brains. Genes encoding all studied chemoreceptors are transcribed in the central nervous system, particularly in the limbic system. RNA of their canonical transduction partners (G proteins, ion channels) are also observed in all studied brain areas, reinforcing the suggestion that cerebral chemoreceptors are functional. In addition, we noticed that: (i) bitterness-associated receptors display an enriched expression, (ii) the brain is equipped to sense trace amines and pheromonal cues and (iii) chemoreceptor RNA expression varies with age, but not dementia or brain trauma. Extensive studies are now required to further understand how the brain makes sense of endogenous chemicals.
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41
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Fei A, Wu W, Tan L, Tang C, Xu Z, Huo X, Bao H, Kong Y, Johnson M, Hartmann G, Talay M, Yang C, Riegler C, Herrera KJ, Engert F, Xie XS, Barnea G, Liberles SD, Yang H, Li Q. Coordination of two enhancers drives expression of olfactory trace amine-associated receptors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3798. [PMID: 34145235 PMCID: PMC8213717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are functionally defined by their expression of a unique odorant receptor (OR). Mechanisms underlying singular OR expression are well studied, and involve a massive cross-chromosomal enhancer interaction network. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) form a distinct family of olfactory receptors, and here we find that mechanisms regulating Taar gene choice display many unique features. The epigenetic signature of Taar genes in TAAR OSNs is different from that in OR OSNs. We further identify that two TAAR enhancers conserved across placental mammals are absolutely required for expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire. Deletion of either enhancer dramatically decreases the expression probabilities of different Taar genes, while deletion of both enhancers completely eliminates the TAAR OSN populations. In addition, both of the enhancers are sufficient to drive transgene expression in the partially overlapped TAAR OSNs. We also show that the TAAR enhancers operate in cis to regulate Taar gene expression. Our findings reveal a coordinated control of Taar gene choice in OSNs by two remote enhancers, and provide an excellent model to study molecular mechanisms underlying formation of an olfactory subsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Fei
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longzhi Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brian-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrong Xu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Huo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brian-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqiang Bao
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalei Kong
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Griffin Hartmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mustafa Talay
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cheng Yang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Clemens Riegler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristian J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - X Sunney Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gilad Barnea
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brian-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
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Hsu CT, Choi JTY, Sehgal A. Manipulations of the olfactory circuit highlight the role of sensory stimulation in regulating sleep amount. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa265. [PMID: 33313876 PMCID: PMC8343592 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES While wake duration is a major sleep driver, an important question is if wake quality also contributes to controlling sleep. In particular, we sought to determine whether changes in sensory stimulation affect sleep in Drosophila. As Drosophila rely heavily on their sense of smell, we focused on manipulating olfactory input and the olfactory sensory pathway. METHODS Sensory deprivation was first performed by removing antennae or applying glue to antennae. We then measured sleep in response to neural activation, via expression of the thermally gated cation channel TRPA1, or inhibition, via expression of the inward rectifying potassium channel KIR2.1, of subpopulations of neurons in the olfactory pathway. Genetically restricting manipulations to adult animals prevented developmental effects. RESULTS We find that olfactory deprivation reduces sleep, largely independently of mushroom bodies that integrate olfactory signals for memory consolidation and have previously been implicated in sleep. However, specific neurons in the lateral horn, the other third-order target of olfactory input, affect sleep. Also, activation of inhibitory second-order projection neurons increases sleep. No single neuronal population in the olfactory processing pathway was found to bidirectionally regulate sleep, and reduced sleep in response to olfactory deprivation may be masked by temperature changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that Drosophila sleep is sensitive to sensory stimulation, and identify novel sleep-regulating neurons in the olfactory circuit. Scaling of signals across the circuit may explain the lack of bidirectional effects when neuronal activity is manipulated. We propose that olfactory inputs act through specific circuit components to modulate sleep in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia T Hsu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juliana Tsz Yan Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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43
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Deconstructing the mouse olfactory percept through an ethological atlas. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2809-2818.e3. [PMID: 33957076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Odor perception in non-humans is poorly understood. Here, we generated the most comprehensive mouse olfactory ethological atlas to date, consisting of behavioral responses to a diverse panel of 73 odorants, including 12 at multiple concentrations. These data revealed that mouse behavior is incredibly diverse and changes in response to odorant identity and concentration. Using only behavioral responses observed in other mice, we could predict which of two odorants was presented to a held-out mouse 82% of the time. Considering all 73 possible odorants, we could uniquely identify the target odorant from behavior on the first try 20% of the time and 46% within five attempts. Although mouse behavior is difficult to predict from human perception, they share three fundamental properties: first, odor valence parameters explained the highest variance of olfactory perception. Second, physicochemical properties of odorants can be used to predict the olfactory percept. Third, odorant concentration quantitatively and qualitatively impacts olfactory perception. These results increase our understanding of mouse olfactory behavior and how it compares to human odor perception and provide a template for future comparative studies of olfactory percepts among species.
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44
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Garcia-Sanchez JA, Ewbank JJ, Visvikis O. Ubiquitin-related processes and innate immunity in C. elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4305-4333. [PMID: 33630111 PMCID: PMC11072174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient defence strategy that serves to eliminate infectious agents while maintaining host health. It involves a complex network of sensors, signaling proteins and immune effectors that detect the danger, then relay and execute the immune programme. Post-translational modifications relying on conserved ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are an integral part of the system. Studies using invertebrate models of infection, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have greatly contributed to our understanding of how ubiquitin-related processes act in immune sensing, regulate immune signaling pathways, and participate to host defence responses. This review highlights the interest of working with a genetically tractable model organism and illustrates how C. elegans has been used to identify ubiquitin-dependent immune mechanisms, discover novel ubiquitin-based resistance strategies that mediate pathogen clearance, and unravel the role of ubiquitin-related processes in tolerance, preserving host fitness during pathogen attack. Special emphasis is placed on processes that are conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Garcia-Sanchez
- INSERM, C3M, Côte D'Azur University, Nice, France
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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45
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Wei H, Tan S, Li Z, Li J, Moural TW, Zhu F, Liu X. Odorant degrading carboxylesterases modulate foraging and mating behaviors of Grapholita molesta. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128647. [PMID: 33757271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorant degrading carboxylesterases (CXEs) play key roles in the process of odor signal reception via degrading ester odorants. But the functional mechanisms of CXEs in modulating insect behaviors are unclear. Herein, we studied the roles that CXEs played in mating, foraging, and signal receptions of sex pheromones and host volatiles in Grapholita molesta. As a result, 23 candidate CXEs were identified by transcriptome analysis of G. molesta. The GmolCXE1 and 5 highly expressed in the antennae of male moths and GmolCXE14 and 21 abundantly expressed in larval heads, were significantly upregulated after exposure with odors from female adults or fresh ripe fruits respectively. After knockdown of GmolCXE1 and 5, or GmolCXE14 and 21 by RNA interference, the behavioral responses of G. molesta to ester sex pheromones or host volatiles were decreased, by exhibiting an inhibited searching behavior of G. molesta for females or fruits, respectively. Then evidence form GC-MS analysis, showed that the protein GmolCXE1 and GmolCXE5 could metabolize the sex pheromone components (Z/E)-8-dodecenyl acetate to their metabolites products (Z/E)-8-dodecenol, and that GmolCXE14 and GmolCXE21 could metabolize ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate of ripe pears. In addition, fluorescent binding assays verified that GmolCXEs could degrade the free ester odor molecules, but not degrade the odor molecules protected by odorant-binding proteins. Our study not only demonstrated CXEs modulated the mating and foraging behaviors of G. molesta through inactivation of ester sex pheromone and host volatiles, but also discovered great potential molecular targets to develop behavioral inhibitors for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wei
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqian Tan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Timothy W Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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46
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Tzeng WY, Figarella K, Garaschuk O. Olfactory impairment in men and mice related to aging and amyloid-induced pathology. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:805-821. [PMID: 33608800 PMCID: PMC7895745 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction, or the sense of smell, is one of the most ancient senses in men and mice, important for a large variety of innate and acquired behaviors. Clinical data reveal an early impairment of olfaction during normal aging and in the course of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the current review, we compare different aspects of the aging- and Alzheimer's disease related impairment of olfaction in men and mice, aiming at the identification of common morbidities and biomarkers, which can be analyzed in detail in the appropriate mouse models. We also identify common, often interdependent (patho)physiological pathways, including but not limited to extracellular amyloid depositions, neuroinflammation, ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E, CNS insulin resistance, and the impairment of adult neurogenesis, to be targeted by basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Tzeng
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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47
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A Neural System that Represents the Association of Odors with Rewarded Outcomes and Promotes Behavioral Engagement. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107919. [PMID: 32697986 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Odors are well known to elicit strong emotional and behavioral responses that become strengthened throughout learning, yet the specific cellular systems involved in odor learning and the direct influence of these on behavior are unclear. Here, we investigate the representation of odor-reward associations within two areas recipient of dense olfactory input, the posterior piriform cortex (pPCX) and the olfactory tubercle (OT), using electrophysiological recordings from mice engaged in reward-based learning. Neurons in both regions represent conditioned odors and do so with similar information content, yet the proportion of neurons recruited by conditioned rewarded odors and the magnitudes and durations of their responses are greater in the OT. Using fiber photometry, we find that OT D1-type dopamine-receptor-expressing neurons flexibly represent odors based on reward associations, and using optogenetics, we show that these neurons influence behavioral engagement. These findings contribute to a model whereby OT D1 neurons support odor-guided motivated behaviors.
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48
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Fjaeldstad AW, Stiller-Stut F, Gleesborg C, Kringelbach ML, Hummel T, Fernandes HM. Validation of Olfactory Network Based on Brain Structural Connectivity and Its Association With Olfactory Test Scores. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:638053. [PMID: 33927597 PMCID: PMC8078209 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.638053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perception is a complicated process involving multiple cortical and subcortical regions, of which the underlying brain dynamics are still not adequately mapped. Even in the definition of the olfactory primary cortex, there is a large degree of variation in parcellation templates used for investigating olfaction in neuroimaging studies. This complicates comparison between human olfactory neuroimaging studies. The present study aims to validate an olfactory parcellation template derived from both functional and anatomical data that applies structural connectivity (SC) to ensure robust connectivity to key secondary olfactory regions. Furthermore, exploratory analyses investigate if different olfactory parameters are associated with differences in the strength of connectivity of this structural olfactory fingerprint. By combining diffusion data with an anatomical atlas and advanced probabilistic tractography, we found that the olfactory parcellation had a robust SC network to key secondary olfactory regions. Furthermore, the study indicates that higher ratings of olfactory significance were associated with increased intra- and inter-hemispheric SC of the primary olfactory cortex. Taken together, these results suggest that the patterns of SC between the primary olfactory cortex and key secondary olfactory regions has potential to be used for investigating the nature of olfactory significance, hence strengthening the theory that individual differences in olfactory behaviour are encoded in the structural network fingerprint of the olfactory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Holstebro Regional Hospital, Holstebro, Denmark.,Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Stiller-Stut
- Interdisciplinary Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Gleesborg
- Flavour Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Flavour Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center of Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrique M Fernandes
- Flavour Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center of Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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49
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Qian KY, Zeng WX, Hao Y, Zeng XT, Liu H, Li L, Chen L, Tian FM, Chang C, Hall Q, Song CX, Gao S, Hu Z, Kaplan JM, Li Q, Tong XJ. Male pheromones modulate synaptic transmission at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction in a sexually dimorphic manner. eLife 2021; 10:e67170. [PMID: 33787493 PMCID: PMC8051947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional synapses in the nervous system is important for animal physiology and behaviors, and its disturbance has been linked with many neurodevelopmental disorders. The synaptic transmission efficacy can be modulated by the environment to accommodate external changes, which is crucial for animal reproduction and survival. However, the underlying plasticity of synaptic transmission remains poorly understood. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the male environment increases the hermaphrodite cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which alters hermaphrodites' locomotion velocity and mating efficiency. We identify that the male-specific pheromones mediate this synaptic transmission modulation effect in a developmental stage-dependent manner. Dissection of the sensory circuits reveals that the AWB chemosensory neurons sense those male pheromones and further transduce the information to NMJ using cGMP signaling. Exposure of hermaphrodites to the male pheromones specifically increases the accumulation of presynaptic CaV2 calcium channels and clustering of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors at cholinergic synapses of NMJ, which potentiates cholinergic synaptic transmission. Thus, our study demonstrates a circuit mechanism for synaptic modulation and behavioral flexibility by sexual dimorphic pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ying Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wan-Xin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xian-Ting Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haowen Liu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lei Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fu-min Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cindy Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Qi Hall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chun-Xue Song
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhitao Hu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Joshua M Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired IntelligenceShanghaiChina
| | - Xia-Jing Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
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50
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Hunger enhances food-odour attraction through a neuropeptide Y spotlight. Nature 2021; 592:262-266. [PMID: 33658716 PMCID: PMC8035273 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Internal state controls olfaction through poorly understood mechanisms. Odors signifying food, mates, competitors, and predators activate parallel neural circuits that may be flexibly shaped by physiological need to alter behavioral outcome1. Here, we identify a neuronal mechanism by which hunger selectively promotes attraction to food odors over other olfactory cues. Optogenetic activation of hypothalamic Agouti-Related Peptide (AGRP) neurons enhances attraction to food odors but not pheromones, with branch-specific activation and inhibition revealing a key role for projections to the paraventricular thalamus. Knockout mice lacking Neuropeptide Y (NPY) or NPY receptor type 5 (NPY5R) fail to prefer food odors over pheromones after fasting, with hunger-dependent food odor attraction restored by cell-specific NPY rescue in AGRP neurons. Furthermore, acute NPY injection immediately rescues behavior without additional training, indicating that NPY is required for reading olfactory circuits during behavioral expression rather than writing olfactory circuits during odor learning. Together, these findings show that food odor-responsive neurons comprise an olfactory subcircuit that listens to hunger state through thalamic NPY release, and more generally, provide mechanistic insights into how internal state regulates behavior.
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