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Meng H, Houston M, Francisco GE, Zhang Y, Li S. Scalp acupuncture guidance for identifying the optimal site for transcranial electrical stimulation of the hand. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2083-2091. [PMID: 38963560 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) often targets the EEG-guided C3/C4 area that may not accurately represent M1 for hand muscles. This study aimed to determine if the neuroanatomy-based scalp acupuncture-guided site (AC) was a more effective spot than the C3 site for neuromodulation. Fifteen healthy subjects received one 20-minute session of high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) intervention (20 Hz at 2 mA) at the AC or C3 sites randomly with a 1-week washout period. Subjects performed ball-squeezing exercises with the dominant hand during the HD-tACS intervention. The AC site was indiscernible from the finger flexor hotspot detected by TMS. At the baseline, the MEP amplitude from finger flexors was greater with less variability at the AC site than at the C3 site. HD-tACS intervention at the AC site significantly increased the MEP amplitude. However, no significant changes were observed after tACS was applied to the C3 site. Our results provide evidence that HD-tACS at the AC site produces better neuromodulation effects on the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle compared to the C3 site. The AC localization approach can be used for future tES studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The NeuroRecovery Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael Houston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The NeuroRecovery Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The NeuroRecovery Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kop BR, Shamli Oghli Y, Grippe TC, Nandi T, Lefkes J, Meijer SW, Farboud S, Engels M, Hamani M, Null M, Radetz A, Hassan U, Darmani G, Chetverikov A, den Ouden HEM, Bergmann TO, Chen R, Verhagen L. Auditory confounds can drive online effects of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation in humans. eLife 2024; 12:RP88762. [PMID: 39190585 PMCID: PMC11349300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly emerging as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. TUS is already well-established in animal models, providing foundations to now optimize neuromodulatory efficacy for human applications. Across multiple studies, one promising protocol, pulsed at 1000 Hz, has consistently resulted in motor cortical inhibition in humans (Fomenko et al., 2020). At the same time, a parallel research line has highlighted the potentially confounding influence of peripheral auditory stimulation arising from TUS pulsing at audible frequencies. In this study, we disentangle direct neuromodulatory and indirect auditory contributions to motor inhibitory effects of TUS. To this end, we include tightly matched control conditions across four experiments, one preregistered, conducted independently at three institutions. We employed a combined transcranial ultrasonic and magnetic stimulation paradigm, where TMS-elicited motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) served as an index of corticospinal excitability. First, we replicated motor inhibitory effects of TUS but showed through both tight controls and manipulation of stimulation intensity, duration, and auditory masking conditions that this inhibition was driven by peripheral auditory stimulation, not direct neuromodulation. Furthermore, we consider neuromodulation beyond driving overall excitation/inhibition and show preliminary evidence of how TUS might interact with ongoing neural dynamics instead. Primarily, this study highlights the substantial shortcomings in accounting for the auditory confound in prior TUS-TMS work where only a flip-over sham and no active control was used. The field must critically reevaluate previous findings given the demonstrated impact of peripheral confounds. Furthermore, rigorous experimental design via (in)active control conditions is required to make substantiated claims in future TUS studies. Only when direct effects are disentangled from those driven by peripheral confounds can TUS fully realize its potential for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Kop
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Yazan Shamli Oghli
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Talyta C Grippe
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Tulika Nandi
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Judith Lefkes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sjoerd W Meijer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Soha Farboud
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Marwan Engels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Michelle Hamani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Melissa Null
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Angela Radetz
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Umair Hassan
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Ghazaleh Darmani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Andrey Chetverikov
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Hanneke EM den Ouden
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research MainzMainzGermany
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
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Santander T, Leslie S, Li LJ, Skinner HE, Simonson JM, Sweeney P, Deen KP, Miller MB, Brunye TT. Towards optimized methodological parameters for maximizing the behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1305446. [PMID: 39015825 PMCID: PMC11250584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording causal inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain. Methods We surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes. Results Consistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects-a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models. Discussion These findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Santander
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sara Leslie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Luna J. Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Henri E. Skinner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Simonson
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P. Deen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunye
- U. S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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Haihambo N, Li M, Ma Q, Baeken C, Deroost N, Baetens K, Van Overwalle F. Exciting the social butterfly: Anodal cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation modulates neural activation during predictive social mentalizing. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100480. [PMID: 39055855 PMCID: PMC11269293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing social cognition. The posterior cerebellum, which is part of the mentalizing network, has been implicated in social processes. In our combined tDCS-fMRI study, we investigated the effects of offline anodal cerebellar tDCS on activation in the cerebellum during social action prediction. Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to receive either anodal (2 mA) or sham (0 mA) stimulation over the midline of the posterior cerebellum for 20 min. Twenty minutes post stimulation, participants underwent a functional MRI scan to complete a social action prediction task, during which they had to correctly order randomly presented sentences that described either actions of social agents (based on their personality traits) or events of objects (based on their characteristics). As hypothesized, our results revealed that participants who received anodal cerebellar tDCS exhibited increased activation in the posterior cerebellar Crus 2 and lobule IX, and in key cerebral mentalizing areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal junction, and precuneus. Contrary to our hypotheses, participants who received anodal stimulation demonstrated faster responses to non-social objects compared to social agents, while sham participants showed no significant differences. We did not find a significant relationship between electric field magnitude, neural activation and behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest that tDCS targeting the posterior cerebellum selectively enhances activation in social mentalizing areas, while only facilitating behavioral performance of non-social material, perhaps because of a ceiling effect due to familiarity with social processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naem Haihambo
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Bochum, Germany
- Social Neuroscience, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Meijia Li
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Language Pathology and Brain Science MEG Lab, School of Communication Sciences, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianying Ma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent Experimental, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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Olaitan GO, Ganesana M, Strohman A, Lynch WJ, Legon W, Jill Venton B. Focused Ultrasound Modulates Dopamine in a Mesolimbic Reward Circuit. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580202. [PMID: 38979318 PMCID: PMC11230179 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in reward and motivation. Dysfunction in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway has been linked to a variety of psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) has demonstrated effects on brain activity, but how LIFU affects dopamine neurotransmission is not known. Here, we applied three different intensities (6.5, 13, and 26 W/cm 2 I sppa ) of 2-minute LIFU to the prelimbic region (PLC) and measured dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Two minutes of LIFU sonication at 13 W/cm 2 to the PLC significantly reduced dopamine release by ∼ 50% for up to 2 hours. However, double the intensity (26 W/cm 2 ) resulted in less inhibition (∼30%), and half the intensity (6.5 W/cm 2 ) did not result in any inhibition of dopamine. Anatomical controls applying LIFU to the primary somatosensory cortex did not change NAc core dopamine, and applying LIFU to the PLC did not affect dopamine release in the caudate or NAc shell. Histological evaluations showed no evidence of cell damage or death. Modeling of temperature rise demonstrates a maximum temperature change of 0.5°C with 13 W/cm 2 , suggesting that modulation is not due to thermal mechanisms. These studies show that LIFU at a moderate intensity provides a noninvasive, high spatial resolution means to modulate specific mesolimbic circuits that could be used in future studies to target and repair pathways that are dysfunctional in addiction and other psychiatric diseases.
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Wu PJ, Huang CH, Lee SY, Chang AYW, Wang WC, Lin CCK. The distinct and potentially conflicting effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain connectivity, cortical inhibition, and visuospatial memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1415904. [PMID: 38873654 PMCID: PMC11169625 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1415904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), are emerging as promising tools for enhancing cognitive functions by modulating brain activity and enhancing cognitive functions. Despite their potential, the specific and combined effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain functions, especially regarding functional connectivity, cortical inhibition, and memory performance, are not well-understood. This study aims to explore the distinct and combined impacts of tDCS and tRNS on these neural and cognitive parameters. Using a within-subject design, ten participants underwent four stimulation conditions: sham, tDCS, tRNS, and combined tDCS + tRNS. We assessed the impact on resting-state functional connectivity, cortical inhibition via Cortical Silent Period (CSP), and visuospatial memory performance using the Corsi Block-tapping Test (CBT). Our results indicate that while tDCS appears to induce brain lateralization, tRNS has more generalized and dispersive effects. Interestingly, the combined application of tDCS and tRNS did not amplify these effects but rather suggested a non-synergistic interaction, possibly due to divergent mechanistic pathways, as observed across fMRI, CSP, and CBT measures. These findings illuminate the complex interplay between tDCS and tRNS, highlighting their non-additive effects when used concurrently and underscoring the necessity for further research to optimize their application for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jung Wu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsu Huang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Yuh Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Alice Y. W. Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Wang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Ching K. Lin
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Liu R, Zhu G, Wu Z, Gan Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang L. Temporal interference stimulation targets deep primate brain. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120581. [PMID: 38508293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, a novel non-invasive stimulation strategy, has recently been shown to modulate neural activity in deep brain regions of living mice. Yet, it is uncertain if this method is applicable to larger brains and whether the electric field produced under traditional safety currents can penetrate deep regions as observed in mice. Despite recent model-based simulation studies offering positive evidence at both macro- and micro-scale levels, the absence of electrophysiological data from actual brains hinders comprehensive understanding and potential application of TI. This study aims to directly measure the spatiotemporal properties of the interfered electric field in the rhesus monkey brain and to validate the effects of TI on the human brain. Two monkeys were involved in the measurement, with implantation of several stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) depth electrodes. TI stimulation was applied to anesthetized monkeys using two pairs of surface electrodes at differing stimulation parameters. Model-based simulations were also conducted and subsequently compared with actual recordings. Additionally, TI stimulation was administered to patients with motor disorders to validate its effects on motor symptoms. Through the integration of computational electric field simulation with empirical measurements, it was determined that the temporally interfering electric fields in the deep central regions are capable of attaining a magnitude sufficient to induce a subthreshold modulation effect on neural signals. Additionally, an improvement in movement disorders was observed as a result of TI stimulation. This study is the first to systematically measure the TI electric field in living non-human primates, offering empirical evidence that TI holds promise as a more focal and precise method for modulating neural activities in deep regions of a large brain. This advancement paves the way for future applications of TI in treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengping Wu
- School of Innovations, Sanjiang University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yifei Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Cohen Z, Steinbrenner M, Piper RJ, Tangwiriyasakul C, Richardson MP, Sharp DJ, Violante IR, Carmichael DW. Transcranial electrical stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy: a pilot and feasibility study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1354523. [PMID: 38572149 PMCID: PMC10989273 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1354523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective A third of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite receiving adequate antiseizure medication. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might be a viable adjunct treatment option, having been shown to reduce epileptic seizures in patients with focal epilepsy. Evidence for the use of tDCS in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is scarce. We aimed to establish the feasibility of applying tDCS during fMRI in patients with GGE to study the acute neuromodulatory effects of tDCS, particularly on sensorimotor network activity. Methods Seven healthy controls and three patients with GGE received tDCS with simultaneous fMRI acquisition while watching a movie. Three tDCS conditions were applied: anodal, cathodal and sham. Periods of 60 s without stimulation were applied between each stimulation condition. Changes in sensorimotor cortex connectivity were evaluated by calculating the mean degree centrality across eight nodes of the sensorimotor cortex defined by the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas (primary motor cortex (precentral left and right), supplementary motor area (left and right), mid-cingulum (left and right), postcentral gyrus (left and right)), across each of the conditions, for each participant. Results Simultaneous tDCS-fMRI was well tolerated in both healthy controls and patients without adverse effects. Anodal and cathodal stimulation reduced mean degree centrality of the sensorimotor network (Friedman's ANOVA with Dunn's multiple comparisons test; adjusted p = 0.02 and p = 0.03 respectively). Mean degree connectivity of the sensorimotor network during the sham condition was not different to the rest condition (adjusted p = 0.94). Conclusion Applying tDCS during fMRI was shown to be feasible and safe in a small group of patients with GGE. Anodal and cathodal stimulation caused a significant reduction in network connectivity of the sensorimotor cortex across participants. This initial research supports the feasibility of using fMRI to guide and understand network modulation by tDCS that might facilitate its clinical application in GGE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirja Steinbrenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rory J. Piper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chayanin Tangwiriyasakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Richardson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Sharp
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines R. Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Carmichael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lee S, Park J, Lee C, Ahn J, Ryu J, Lee SH, Im CH. Determination of optimal injection current pattern for multichannel transcranial electrical stimulation without individual MRI using multiple head models. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107878. [PMID: 37890288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multichannel transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is widely used to achieve improved stimulation focality. In the multichannel tES, the injection current pattern is generally determined through an optimization process with a finite element (FE) head model extracted from individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Although using an individual head model ensures the best outcome, acquiring MRIs of individual subjects in many practical applications is often difficult. Alternatively, a standard head model can be used to determine the optimal injection current pattern to stimulate a specific target; however, this may result in a relatively inaccurate delivery of stimulation current owing to the difference in individual anatomical structures. To address this issue, we propose a new approach for determining the injection current pattern using multiple head models, which can improve the stimulation focality compared to that achieved with a single standard head model. METHODS Twenty FE head models were used to optimize the injection current patterns to stimulate three cortical regions that are widely considered targets for tES. The individual injection current patterns were then averaged to obtain each target's mean injection current pattern. The stimulation focality for each target was then calculated by applying different current patterns (the mean current, individual current, and current from a standard model). RESULTS Our results showed that the stimulation focality obtained using the mean injection current pattern was significantly higher than that obtained using the injection current pattern from a standard head model. Additionally, our results demonstrated that a minimum of 13 head models are required to determine mean current pattern, allowing for a higher stimulation focality than when using the current from a standard head model. CONCLUSIONS Hence, using multiple head models can provide a viable solution for improving the stimulation efficacy of multichannel tES when individual MRIs are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeol Ahn
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyoung Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu D, Ge Z, Mei Y, Wang W, Xiong Z, Li X, Yuan Z, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yu X, Tang H, Wang Y. Mapping brain functional networks topological characteristics in new daily persistent headache: a magnetoencephalography study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 38053071 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain functional network topology in new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is not well understood. In this study, we aim to assess the cortical functional network topological characteristics of NDPH using non-invasive neural signal recordings. METHODS Resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure power fluctuations in neuronal oscillations from distributed cortical parcels in 35 patients with NDPH and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Their structural data were collected by 3T MRI. Functional connectivity (FC) of neural networks from 1 to 80 Hz frequency ranges was analyzed with topographic patterns and calculated network topological parameters with graph theory. RESULTS In the delta (1-4 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) bands, the lateral occipital cortex and superior frontal gyrus FC were increased in NDPH groups compared to HCs. Graph theory analysis revealed that the NDPH had significantly increased global efficiency in the delta band and decreased nodal clustering coefficient (left medial orbitofrontal cortex) in the theta (4-8 Hz) band. The clinical characteristics had a significant correlation with network topological parameters. Age at onset of patients showed a positive correlation with global efficiency in the delta band. The degree of depression of patients showed a negative correlation with the nodal clustering coefficient (left medial orbitofrontal cortex) in the theta band. CONCLUSION The FC and topology of NDPH in brain networks may be altered, potentially leading to cortical hyperexcitability. Moreover, medial orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of depression in patients with NDPH. Increased FC observed in the lateral occipital cortex and superior frontal gyrus during resting-state MEG could serve as one of the imaging characteristics associated with NDPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhaoli Ge
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanliang Mei
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mantian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hefei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
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11
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Lu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang P, Xing C, Zhang M, Zhu X. Increased interbrain synchronization and neural efficiency of the frontal cortex to enhance human coordinative behavior: A combined hyper-tES and fNIRS study. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120385. [PMID: 37832708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination is crucial for individuals to achieve common goals; however, the causal relationship between coordination behavior and neural activity has not yet been explored. Interbrain synchronization (IBS) and neural efficiency in cortical areas associated with the mirror neuron system (MNS) are considered two potential brain mechanisms. In the present study, we attempted to clarify how the two mechanisms facilitate coordination using hypertranscranial electrical stimulation (hyper-tES). A total of 124 healthy young adults were randomly divided into three groups (the hyper-tACS, hyper-tDCS and sham groups) and underwent modulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Increased IBS of the PFC or neural efficiency of the right IFG (related to the MNS) was accompanied by greater coordination behavior; IBS had longer-lasting effects on behavior. Our findings highlight the importance of IBS and neural efficiency of the frontal cortex for coordination and suggest potential interventions to improve coordination in different temporal windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710032, China.
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12
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Garcia-Sanz S, Serra Grabulosa JM, Cohen Kadosh R, Muñóz Aguilar N, Marín Gutiérrez A, Redolar Ripoll D. Effects of prefrontal and parietal neuromodulation on magnitude processing and integration. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 282:95-121. [PMID: 38035911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerical cognition is an essential skill for survival, which includes the processing of discrete and continuous quantities, involving a mainly right fronto-parietal network. However, the neurocognitive systems underlying the processing and integration of discrete and continuous quantities are currently under debate. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been used in the study of the neural basis of numerical cognition with a spatial, temporal and functional resolution superior to other neuroimaging techniques. The present randomized sham-controlled single-blinded trial addresses the involvement of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right intraparietal sulcus in magnitude processing and integration. Multifocal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation was applied online during the execution of magnitude comparison tasks in three conditions: right prefrontal, right parietal and sham stimulation. The results show that prefrontal stimulation produced a moderated decrease in response times in all magnitude processing and integration tasks compared to sham condition. While parietal stimulation had no significant effect on any of the tasks. The effect found is interpreted as a generalized improvement in processing speed and magnitude integration due to right prefrontal neuromodulation, which may be attributable to domain-general or domain-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcia-Sanz
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universidad del Atlantico Medio, Las Palmas, Spain; Child Development Research Group, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
| | | | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Diego Redolar Ripoll
- Cognitive Neurolab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Bouchard AE, Renauld E, Fecteau S. Changes in resting-state functional MRI connectivity during and after transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1229618. [PMID: 37545594 PMCID: PMC10398567 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1229618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at rest can influence behaviors. However, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined the effect of a single session of tDCS over the bilateral DLPFC on resting-state functional connectivity using fMRI (rs-fcMRI) during and after stimulation in healthy adults. We also investigated whether baseline rs-fcMRI predicted tDCS-induced changes in rs-fcMRI. Methods This was a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. We delivered tDCS for 30 min at 1 mA with the anode and cathode over the left and right DLPFC, respectively. We used seed-based analyses to measure tDCS-induced effects on whole-brain rs-fcMRI using a 3 (before, during, after stimulation) × 2 (active, sham stimulation) ANOVA. Results There were four significant Time × Stimulation interactions on the connectivity scores with the left DLPFC seed (under the anode electrode) and no interactions for the right DLPFC seed (under the cathode electrode). tDCS changed rs-fcMRI between the left DLPFC seed and parieto-occipital, parietal, parieto-occipitotemporal, and frontal clusters during and after stimulation, as compared to sham. Furthermore, rs-fcMRI prior to stimulation predicted some of these tDCS-induced changes in rs-fcMRI during and after stimulation. For instance, rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parietooccipital network predicted changes observed after active stimulation, rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parietal network predicted changes during active stimulation, whereas rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parieto-occipitotemporal and the frontal networks predicted changes both during and after active stimulation. Discussion Our findings reveal that tDCS modulated rs-fcMRI both during and after stimulation mainly in regions distal, but also in those proximal to the area under the anode electrode, which were predicted by rs-fcMRI prior to tDCS. It might be worth considering rs-fcMRI to optimize response to tDCS.
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14
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He Y, Liu S, Chen L, Ke Y, Ming D. Neurophysiological mechanisms of transcranial alternating current stimulation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1091925. [PMID: 37090788 PMCID: PMC10117687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations are the primary basis for precise temporal coordination of neuronal processing and are linked to different brain functions. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has demonstrated promising potential in improving cognition by entraining neural oscillations. Despite positive findings in recent decades, the results obtained are sometimes rife with variance and replicability problems, and the findings translation to humans is quite challenging. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying tACS is necessitated for accurate interpretation of experimental results. Animal models are useful for understanding tACS mechanisms, optimizing parameter administration, and improving rational design for broad horizons of tACS. Here, we review recent electrophysiological advances in tACS from animal models, as well as discuss some critical issues for results coordination and translation. We hope to provide an overview of neurophysiological mechanisms and recommendations for future consideration to improve its validity, specificity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Ke
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Tianjin, China
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15
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Hunold A, Haueisen J, Nees F, Moliadze V. Review of individualized current flow modeling studies for transcranial electrical stimulation. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:405-423. [PMID: 36537991 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial intersubject variability of behavioral and neurophysiological responses to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), which represents one of the most important limitations of tES. Many tES protocols utilize a fixed experimental parameter set disregarding individual anatomical and physiological properties. This one-size-fits-all approach might be one reason for the observed interindividual response variability. Simulation of current flow applying head models based on available anatomical data can help to individualize stimulation parameters and contribute to the understanding of the causes of this response variability. Current flow modeling can be used to retrospectively investigate the characteristics of tES effectivity. Previous studies examined, for example, the impact of skull defects and lesions on the modulation of current flow and demonstrated effective stimulation intensities in different age groups. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis of electrical conductivities in current flow modeling indicated the most influential tissue compartments. Current flow modeling, when used in prospective study planning, can potentially guide stimulation configurations resulting in individually effective tES. Specifically, current flow modeling using individual or matched head models can be employed by clinicians and scientists to, for example, plan dosage in tES protocols for individuals or groups of participants. We review studies that show a relationship between the presence of behavioral/neurophysiological responses and features derived from individualized current flow models. We highlight the potential benefits of individualized current flow modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hunold
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, TU Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, TU Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Satish S. Cautious optimism regarding the use of home-based neuromodulation to treat depression. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:156-157. [PMID: 36724797 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Satish
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
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17
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Libanori A, Soto J, Xu J, Song Y, Zarubova J, Tat T, Xiao X, Yue SZ, Jonas SJ, Li S, Chen J. Self-Powered Programming of Fibroblasts into Neurons via a Scalable Magnetoelastic Generator Array. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206933. [PMID: 36468617 PMCID: PMC10462379 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing scalable electrical stimulating platforms for cell and tissue engineering applications is limited by external power source dependency, wetting resistance, microscale size requirements, and suitable flexibility. Here, a versatile and scalable platform is developed to enable tunable electrical stimulation for biological applications by harnessing the giant magnetoelastic effect in soft systems, converting gentle air pressure (100-400 kPa) to yield a current of up to 10.5 mA and a voltage of 9.5 mV. The platform can be easily manufactured and scaled up for integration in multiwell magnetoelastic plates via 3D printing. The authors demonstrate that the electrical stimulation generated by this platform enhances the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons up to 2-fold (104%) and subsequent neuronal maturation up to 3-fold (251%). This easily configurable electrical stimulation device has broad applications in high throughput organ-on-a-chip systems, and paves the way for future development of neural engineering, including cellular therapy via implantable self-powered electrical stimulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shou Zheng Yue
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Jonas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Guo B, Zhang M, Hao W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu C. Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36624089 PMCID: PMC9829236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person to person and lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical and animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related to anxiety and depression and the evidence that neuromodulation therapies regulate neuroinflammation in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), all have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one of the reasons for mood improvement. This review provides a better understanding of the effective mechanism of neuromodulation therapies and indicates that inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a reference for the assessment of pathological conditions and treatment options in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Guo
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Wensi Hao
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yuping Wang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInstitute of sleep and consciousness disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang QF, Xiao KW, Wang L, Yu QP, Xie Q, Poo MM, Wen Y. Neural Mechanism Underlying Task-Specific Enhancement of Motor Learning by Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:69-82. [PMID: 35908004 PMCID: PMC9849633 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal protocol for neuromodulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains unclear. Using the rotarod paradigm, we found that mouse motor learning was enhanced by anodal tDCS (3.2 mA/cm2) during but not before or after the performance of a task. Dual-task experiments showed that motor learning enhancement was specific to the task accompanied by anodal tDCS. Studies using a mouse model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion showed that concurrent anodal tDCS restored motor learning capability in a task-specific manner. Transcranial in vivo Ca2+ imaging further showed that anodal tDCS elevated and cathodal tDCS suppressed neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Anodal tDCS specifically promoted the activity of task-related M1 neurons during task performance, suggesting that elevated Hebbian synaptic potentiation in task-activated circuits accounts for the motor learning enhancement. Thus, application of tDCS concurrent with the targeted behavioral dysfunction could be an effective approach to treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ke-Wei Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yunqing Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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20
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Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on brain changes and relation to cognition in patients with schizophrenia: a fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2061-2071. [PMID: 35781191 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied brain changes during an N-back task before and after 10 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its relation to cognitive changes. This was a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized study of tDCS in 27 patients with schizophrenia. They performed an N-back task in a 3 T scanner before and after receiving the 10 tDCS sessions. Cognitive performance outside the fMRI session was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and other tests at baseline and several time points after 10 sessions of tDCS. During the N-back task performed during fMRI scans, comparing the 0-back vs. the 2-back task, the active tDCS group demonstrated a significantly increased activation in the right fusiform, left middle frontal, left inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) and reduced activation in the left posterior cingulum gyrus with most of these results primarily due to increases in activation during the 0-back rather than 2-back task. There were also significant positive or negative correlations between some of the brain changes and cognitive performance. tDCS modulated prefrontal activation at low working memory load or attention mode, but default mode network at higher working memory load. Changes in brain activation measured during the N-back task were correlated with some dimensions of cognitive function immediately after 10 tDCS sessions and at follow-up times. The results support tDCS could offer a potential novel approach for modulating cortical activity and its relation to cognitive function.
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Zhang Z, Lin BS, Wu CWG, Hsieh TH, Liou JC, Li YT, Peng CW. Designing and Pilot Testing a Novel Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation Device for Neuromodulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:1483-1493. [PMID: 35657852 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3179537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) has been proposed as a new neuromodulation technology for non-invasive deep-brain stimulation (DBS). However, few studies have detailed the design method of a tTIS device and provided system validation. Thus, a detailed design and validation scheme of a novel tTIS device for animal brain stimulation are presented in this study. In the proposed tTIS device, a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) was used to generate a sine wave potential of different frequencies, which was converted to an adjustable sine wave current. A current transformer was used to produce electrical isolation of different channels, which eliminated the current crosstalk between channels and greatly increased the load capacity by amplifying the output voltage. Several in vitro experiments were first conducted to validate the tTIS device. Our results indicated that the error percentages of the stimulation currents were within ±2%. Current crosstalk between channels was almost completely eliminated. Then, in vivo electric field measurement shows that the 2-pole arrangement may provide better cortical targeting than the 4-pole mode. A pilot animal experiment was conducted in which evoked motion and electromyographic activation of the contralateral forelimb were observed, which indicated that the 2-pole tTIS had successfully activated the primary motor cortex in a rat. Motor activation induced by the 2-pole tTIS demonstrated the feasibility and safety potential when applying our tTIS device for neuromodulation.
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22
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Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (atDCS) of the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) Facilitates Nonconscious Error Correction of Negative Phase Shifts. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:9419154. [PMID: 35662740 PMCID: PMC9159881 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9419154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate motor timing requires the temporally precise coupling between sensory input and motor output including the adjustment of movements with respect to changes in the environment. Such error correction has been related to a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. At least partially distinct networks for the correction of perceived (i.e., conscious) as compared to nonperceived (i.e., nonconscious) errors have been suggested. While the cerebellum, the premotor, and the prefrontal cortex seem to be involved in conscious error correction, the network subserving nonconscious error correction is less clear. The present study is aimed at investigating the functional contribution of the primary motor cortex (M1) for both types of error correction in the temporal domain. To this end, anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) was applied to the left M1 in a group of 18 healthy young volunteers during a resting period of 10 minutes. Sensorimotor synchronization as well as error correction of the right index finger was tested immediately prior to and after atDCS. Sham stimulation served as control condition. To induce error correction, nonconscious and conscious temporal step-changes were interspersed in a sequence of an isochronous auditory pacing signal in either direction (i.e., negative or positive) yielding either shorter or longer intervals. Prior to atDCS, faster error correction in conscious as compared to nonconscious trials was observed replicating previous findings. atDCS facilitated nonconscious error correction, but only in trials with negative step-changes yielding shorter intervals. In contrast to this, neither tapping speed nor synchronization performance with respect to the isochronous pacing signal was significantly modulated by atDCS. The data suggest M1 as part of a network distinctively contributing to the correction of nonconscious negative step-changes going beyond sensorimotor synchronization.
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Khan A, Yuan K, Bao SC, Ti CHE, Tariq A, Anjum N, Tong RKY. Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Facilitate Post-stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:795737. [PMID: 36188889 PMCID: PMC9397778 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.795737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-invasive brain stimulation methods have been widely utilized in research settings to manipulate and understand the functioning of the human brain. In the last two decades, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has opened new doors for treating impairments caused by various neurological disorders. However, tES studies have shown inconsistent results in post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation, and there is no consensus on the effectiveness of tES devices in improving cognitive skills after the onset of stroke. Objectives We aim to systematically investigate the efficacy of tES in improving post-stroke global cognition, attention, working memory, executive functions, visual neglect, and verbal fluency. Furthermore, we aim to provide a pathway to an effective use of stimulation paradigms in future studies. Methods Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched in four different databases, including Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and PsychInfo. Studies utilizing any tES methods published in English were considered for inclusion. Standardized mean difference (SMD) for each cognitive domain was used as the primary outcome measure. Results The meta-analysis includes 19 studies assessing at least one of the six cognitive domains. Five RCTs studying global cognition, three assessing visual neglect, five evaluating working memory, three assessing attention, and nine studies focusing on aphasia were included for meta-analysis. As informed by the quantitative analysis of the included studies, the results favor the efficacy of tES in acute improvement in aphasic deficits (SMD = 0.34, CI = 0.02-0.67, p = 0.04) and attention deficits (SMD = 0.59, CI = -0.05-1.22, p = 0.07), however, no improvement was observed in any other cognitive domains. Conclusion The results favor the efficacy of tES in an improvement in aphasia and attentive deficits in stroke patients in acute, subacute, and chronic stages. However, the outcome of tES cannot be generalized across cognitive domains. The difference in the stimulation montages and parameters, diverse cognitive batteries, and variable number of training sessions may have contributed to the inconsistency in the outcome. We suggest that in future studies, experimental designs should be further refined, and standardized stimulation protocols should be utilized to better understand the therapeutic effect of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Khan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi-Chun Bao
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Hang Eden Ti
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abdullah Tariq
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Anjum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raymond Kai-Yu Tong
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,*Correspondence: Raymond Kai-Yu Tong
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Reteig LC, Newman LA, Ridderinkhof KR, Slagter HA. Effects of tDCS on the attentional blink revisited: A statistical evaluation of a replication attempt. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262718. [PMID: 35085301 PMCID: PMC8794161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon reveals a bottleneck of human information processing: the second of two targets is often missed when they are presented in rapid succession among distractors. In our previous work, we showed that the size of the AB can be changed by applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) (London & Slagter, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 33, 756-68, 2021). Although AB size at the group level remained unchanged, the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS were negatively correlated: if a given individual's AB size decreased from baseline during anodal tDCS, their AB size would increase during cathodal tDCS, and vice versa. Here, we attempted to replicate this finding. We found no group effects of tDCS, as in the original study, but we no longer found a significant negative correlation. We present a series of statistical measures of replication success, all of which confirm that both studies are not in agreement. First, the correlation here is significantly smaller than a conservative estimate of the original correlation. Second, the difference between the correlations is greater than expected due to sampling error, and our data are more consistent with a zero-effect than with the original estimate. Finally, the overall effect when combining both studies is small and not significant. Our findings thus indicate that the effects of lDPLFC-tDCS on the AB are less substantial than observed in our initial study. Although this should be quite a common scenario, null findings can be difficult to interpret and are still under-represented in the brain stimulation and cognitive neuroscience literatures. An important auxiliary goal of this paper is therefore to provide a tutorial for other researchers, to maximize the evidential value from null findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C. Reteig
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel A. Newman
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen A. Slagter
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied and Experimental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ma R, Xia X, Zhang W, Lu Z, Wu Q, Cui J, Song H, Fan C, Chen X, Zha R, Wei J, Ji GJ, Wang X, Qiu B, Zhang X. High Gamma and Beta Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Motor Cortex Improves Motor Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:800436. [PMID: 35046771 PMCID: PMC8761631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.800436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a new technique of non-invasive brain stimulation. Envelope-modulated waveforms with two high-frequency carriers can activate neurons in target brain regions without stimulating the overlying cortex, which has been validated in mouse brains. However, whether TI stimulation can work on the human brain has not been elucidated. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the envelope-modulated waveform of TI stimulation on the human primary motor cortex (M1). Methods: Participants attended three sessions of 30-min TI stimulation during a random reaction time task (RRTT) or a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Motor cortex excitability was measured before and after TI stimulation. Results: In the RRTT experiment, only 70 Hz TI stimulation had a promoting effect on the reaction time (RT) performance and excitability of the motor cortex compared to sham stimulation. Meanwhile, compared with the sham condition, only 20 Hz TI stimulation significantly facilitated motor learning in the SRTT experiment, which was significantly positively correlated with the increase in motor evoked potential. Conclusion: These results indicate that the envelope-modulated waveform of TI stimulation has a significant promoting effect on human motor functions, experimentally suggesting the effectiveness of TI stimulation in humans for the first time and paving the way for further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinzhao Xia
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jiangtian Cui
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hongwen Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rujing Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gong-Jun Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Fecteau S. Influencing Human Behavior with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Direct Human Brain Manipulation Revisited. Neuroscientist 2022; 29:317-331. [PMID: 35057668 PMCID: PMC10159214 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211067744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of tools to perturb brain activity can generate important insights into brain physiology and offer valuable therapeutic approaches for brain disorders. Furthermore, the potential of such tools to enhance normal behavior has become increasingly recognized, and this has led to the development of various noninvasive technologies that provides a broader access to the human brain. While providing a brief survey of brain manipulation procedures used in the past decades, this review aims at stimulating an informed discussion on the use of these new technologies to investigate the human. It highlights the importance to revisit the past use of this unique armamentarium and proceed to a detailed analysis of its present state, especially in regard to human behavioral regulation.
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Khatoun A, Asamoah B, Mc Laughlin M. A Computational Modeling Study to Investigate the Use of Epicranial Electrodes to Deliver Interferential Stimulation to Subcortical Regions. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779271. [PMID: 34975383 PMCID: PMC8716464 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epicranial cortical stimulation (ECS) is a minimally invasive neuromodulation technique that works by passing electric current between subcutaneous electrodes positioned on the skull. ECS causes a stronger and more focused electric field in the cortex compared to transcranial electric stimulation (TES) where the electrodes are placed on the scalp. However, it is unknown if ECS can target deeper regions where the electric fields become relatively weak and broad. Recently, interferential stimulation (IF) using scalp electrodes has been proposed as a novel technique to target subcortical regions. During IF, two high, but slightly different, frequencies are applied which sum to generate a low frequency field (i.e., 10 Hz) at a target subcortical region. We hypothesized that IF using ECS electrodes would cause stronger and more focused subcortical stimulation than that using TES electrodes. Objective: Use computational modeling to determine if interferential stimulation-epicranial cortical stimulation (IF-ECS) can target subcortical regions. Then, compare the focality and field strength of IF-ECS to that of interferential Stimulation-transcranial electric stimulation (IF-TES) in the same subcortical region. Methods: A human head computational model was developed with 19 TES and 19 ECS disk electrodes positioned on a 10–20 system. After tetrahedral mesh generation the model was imported to COMSOL where the electric field distribution was calculated for each electrode separately. Then in MATLAB, subcortical targets were defined and the optimal configurations were calculated for both the TES and ECS electrodes. Results: Interferential stimulation using ECS electrodes can deliver stronger and more focused electric fields to subcortical regions than IF using TES electrodes. Conclusion: Interferential stimulation combined with ECS is a promising approach for delivering subcortical stimulation without the need for a craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khatoun
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boateng Asamoah
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Molero-Chamizo A, Nitsche MA, Gutiérrez Lérida C, Salas Sánchez Á, Martín Riquel R, Andújar Barroso RT, Alameda Bailén JR, García Palomeque JC, Rivera-Urbina GN. Standard Non-Personalized Electric Field Modeling of Twenty Typical tDCS Electrode Configurations via the Computational Finite Element Method: Contributions and Limitations of Two Different Approaches. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1230. [PMID: 34943145 PMCID: PMC8698402 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation procedure to modulate cortical excitability and related brain functions. tDCS can effectively alter multiple brain functions in healthy humans and is suggested as a therapeutic tool in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, variability of results is an important limitation of this method. This variability may be due to multiple factors, including age, head and brain anatomy (including skull, skin, CSF and meninges), cognitive reserve and baseline performance level, specific task demands, as well as comorbidities in clinical settings. Different electrode montages are a further source of variability between tDCS studies. A procedure to estimate the electric field generated by specific tDCS electrode configurations, which can be helpful to adapt stimulation protocols, is the computational finite element method. This approach is useful to provide a priori modeling of the current spread and electric field intensity that will be generated according to the implemented electrode montage. Here, we present standard, non-personalized model-based electric field simulations for motor, dorsolateral prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortex stimulation according to twenty typical tDCS electrode configurations using two different current flow modeling software packages. The resulting simulated maximum intensity of the electric field, focality, and current spread were similar, but not identical, between models. The advantages and limitations of both mathematical simulations of the electric field are presented and discussed systematically, including aspects that, at present, prevent more widespread application of respective simulation approaches in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Molero-Chamizo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Á.S.S.); (R.T.A.B.); (J.R.A.B.)
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ángeles Salas Sánchez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Á.S.S.); (R.T.A.B.); (J.R.A.B.)
| | - Raquel Martín Riquel
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.L.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rafael Tomás Andújar Barroso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Á.S.S.); (R.T.A.B.); (J.R.A.B.)
| | - José Ramón Alameda Bailén
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Á.S.S.); (R.T.A.B.); (J.R.A.B.)
| | - Jesús Carlos García Palomeque
- Histology Department, School of Medicine, Cadiz University and District Jerez Costa-N., Andalusian Health Service, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
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29
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Simoes JP, Daoud E, Shabbir M, Amanat S, Assouly K, Biswas R, Casolani C, Dode A, Enzler F, Jacquemin L, Joergensen M, Kok T, Liyanage N, Lourenco M, Makani P, Mehdi M, Ramadhani AL, Riha C, Santacruz JL, Schiller A, Schoisswohl S, Trpchevska N, Genitsaridi E. Multidisciplinary Tinnitus Research: Challenges and Future Directions From the Perspective of Early Stage Researchers. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:647285. [PMID: 34177549 PMCID: PMC8225955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.647285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus can be a burdensome condition on both individual and societal levels. Many aspects of this condition remain elusive, including its underlying mechanisms, ultimately hindering the development of a cure. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to overcome long-established research challenges. This review summarizes current knowledge in various tinnitus-relevant research fields including tinnitus generating mechanisms, heterogeneity, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment development, in an effort to highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for future research to overcome them. Four common themes across different areas were identified as future research direction: (1) Further establishment of multicenter and multidisciplinary collaborations; (2) Systematic reviews and syntheses of existing knowledge; (3) Standardization of research methods including tinnitus assessment, data acquisition, and data analysis protocols; (4) The design of studies with large sample sizes and the creation of large tinnitus-specific databases that would allow in-depth exploration of tinnitus heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Piano Simoes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elza Daoud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Hearing Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Amanat
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO - Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Kelly Assouly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cochlear Technology Centre, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Roshni Biswas
- Hearing Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Casolani
- Hearing Systems, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Oticon A/S, Smoerum, Denmark
- Interacoustics Research Unit, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Albi Dode
- Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Falco Enzler
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mie Joergensen
- Hearing Systems, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- WS Audiology, Lynge, Denmark
| | - Tori Kok
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuwan Liyanage
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matheus Lourenco
- Experimental Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Health Psychology Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Punitkumar Makani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Muntazir Mehdi
- Institute of Distributed Systems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anissa L. Ramadhani
- Radiological Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Constanze Riha
- Chair of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose Lopez Santacruz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Axel Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schoisswohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Trpchevska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Experimental Audiology Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Genitsaridi
- Hearing Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Martins Â, Gouveia D, Cardoso A, Gamboa Ó, Millis D, Ferreira A. Nervous system modulation through electrical stimulation in companion animals. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:22. [PMID: 34053462 PMCID: PMC8167506 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic animals with severe spontaneous spinal cord injury (SCI), including dogs and cats that are deep pain perception negative (DPP-), can benefit from specific evaluations involving neurorehabilitation integrative protocols. In human medicine, patients without deep pain sensation, classified as grade A on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, can recover after multidisciplinary approaches that include rehabilitation modalities, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES), transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TESCS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). This review intends to explore the history, biophysics, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy and the parameters of FES, TESCS, and TDCS, as safe and noninvasive rehabilitation modalities applied in the veterinary field. Additional studies need to be conducted in clinical settings to successfully implement these guidelines in dogs and cats.
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Phase-Dependent Deep Brain Stimulation: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040414. [PMID: 33806170 PMCID: PMC8103241 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations are repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous systems. Oscillations of the neurons in different frequency bands are evident in electroencephalograms and local field potential measurements. These oscillations are understood to be one of the key mechanisms for carrying out normal functioning of the brain. Abnormality in any of these frequency bands of oscillations can lead to impairments in different cognitive and memory functions leading to different pathological conditions of the nervous system. However, the exact role of these neural oscillations in establishing various brain functions is still under investigation. Closed loop deep brain stimulation paradigms with neural oscillations as biomarkers could be used as a mechanism to understand the function of these oscillations. For making use of the neural oscillations as biomarkers to manipulate the frequency band of the oscillation, phase of the oscillation, and stimulation signal are of importance. This paper reviews recent trends in deep brain stimulation systems and their non-invasive counterparts, in the use of phase specific stimulation to manipulate individual neural oscillations. In particular, the paper reviews the methods adopted in different brain stimulation systems and devices for stimulating at a definite phase to further optimize closed loop brain stimulation strategies.
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Xie J, Peng M, Lu J, Xiao C, Zong X, Wang M, Gao D, Qin Y, Liu T. Enhancement of Event-Related Desynchronization in Motor Imagery Based on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635351. [PMID: 33815080 PMCID: PMC8012503 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the individual differences controlling brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the applicability and accuracy of BCIs based on motor imagery (MI-BCIs) are limited. To improve the performance of BCIs, this article examined the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on brain activity during MI. This article designed an experimental paradigm that combines tES and MI and examined the effects of tES based on the measurements of electroencephalogram (EEG) features in MI processing, including the power spectral density (PSD) and dynamic event-related desynchronization (ERD). Finally, we investigated the effect of tES on the accuracy of MI classification using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results showed that the ERD of the μ and β rhythms in the left-hand MI task was enhanced after electrical stimulation with a significant effect in the tDCS group. The average classification accuracy of the transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) group and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (88.19% and 89.93% respectively) were improved significantly compared to the pre-and pseudo stimulation groups. These findings indicated that tES can improve the performance and applicability of BCI and that tDCS was a potential approach in regulating brain activity and enhancing valid features during noninvasive MI-BCI processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoqin Peng
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqing Lu
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zong
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Manqing Wang
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongrui Gao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Qin
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Cain JA, Visagan S, Johnson MA, Crone J, Blades R, Spivak NM, Shattuck DW, Monti MM. Real time and delayed effects of subcortical low intensity focused ultrasound. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6100. [PMID: 33731821 PMCID: PMC7969624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain nuclei are integral components of large-scale circuits mediating important cognitive and sensorimotor functions. However, because they fall outside the domain of conventional non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques, their study has been primarily based on neuropsychological models, limiting the ability to fully characterize their role and to develop interventions in cases where they are damaged. To address this gap, we used the emerging technology of non-invasive low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to directly modulate left lateralized basal ganglia structures in healthy volunteers. During sonication, we observed local and distal decreases in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal in the targeted left globus pallidus (GP) and in large-scale cortical networks. We also observed a generalized decrease in relative perfusion throughout the cerebrum following sonication. These results show, for the first time using functional MRI data, the ability to modulate deep-brain nuclei using LIFU while measuring its local and global consequences, opening the door for future applications of subcortical LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cain
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Pritzker Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shakthi Visagan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Micah A Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Pritzker Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julia Crone
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Pritzker Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robin Blades
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Pritzker Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Norman M Spivak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David W Shattuck
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Pritzker Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Beyond Reading Modulation: Temporo-Parietal tDCS Alters Visuo-Spatial Attention and Motion Perception in Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020263. [PMID: 33669651 PMCID: PMC7922381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an atypical activation of posterior left-hemisphere brain reading networks (i.e., temporo-occipital and temporo-parietal regions) and multiple neuropsychological deficits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a tool for manipulating neural activity and, in turn, neurocognitive processes. While studies have demonstrated the significant effects of tDCS on reading, neurocognitive changes beyond reading modulation have been poorly investigated. The present study aimed at examining whether tDCS on temporo-parietal regions affected not only reading, but also phonological skills, visuo-spatial working memory, visuo-spatial attention, and motion perception in a polarity-dependent way. In a within-subjects design, ten children and adolescents with dyslexia performed reading and neuropsychological tasks after 20 min of exposure to Left Anodal/Right Cathodal (LA/RC) and Right Anodal/Left Cathodal (RA/LC) tDCS. LA/RC tDCS compared to RA/LC tDCS improved text accuracy, word recognition speed, motion perception, and modified attentional focusing in our group of children and adolescents with dyslexia. Changes in text reading accuracy and word recognition speed—after LA/RC tDCS compared to RA/LC—were related to changes in motion perception and in visuo-spatial working memory, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that reading and domain-general neurocognitive functions in a group of children and adolescents with dyslexia change following tDCS and that they are polarity-dependent.
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Online and offline effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation of the primary motor cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3854. [PMID: 33594133 PMCID: PMC7887242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows interaction with endogenous cortical oscillatory rhythms by means of external sinusoidal potentials. The physiological mechanisms underlying tACS effects are still under debate. Whereas online (e.g., ongoing) tACS over the motor cortex induces robust state-, phase- and frequency-dependent effects on cortical excitability, the offline effects (i.e. after-effects) of tACS are less clear. Here, we explored online and offline effects of tACS in two single-blind, sham-controlled experiments. In both experiments we used neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) as a probe to index changes of cortical excitability and delivered M1 tACS at 10 Hz (alpha), 20 Hz (beta) and sham (30 s of low-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation; tRNS). Corticospinal excitability was measured by single pulse TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). tACS was delivered online in Experiment 1 and offline in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, the increase of MEPs size was maximal with the 20 Hz stimulation, however in Experiment 2 neither the 10 Hz nor the 20 Hz stimulation induced tACS offline effects. These findings support the idea that tACS affects cortical excitability only during online application, at least when delivered on the scalp overlying M1, thereby contributing to the development of effective protocols that can be applied to clinical populations.
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Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Gorgoni M, Giannini AM, De Gennaro L. Investigation on Neurobiological Mechanisms of Dreaming in the New Decade. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020220. [PMID: 33670180 PMCID: PMC7916906 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dream research has advanced significantly over the last twenty years, thanks to the new applications of neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques. Many findings pointed out that mental activity during sleep and wakefulness shared similar neural bases. On the other side, recent studies have highlighted that dream experience is promoted by significant brain activation, characterized by reduced low frequencies and increased rapid frequencies. Additionally, several studies confirmed that the posterior parietal area and prefrontal cortex are responsible for dream experience. Further, early results revealed that dreaming might be manipulated by sensory stimulations that would provoke the incorporation of specific cues into the dream scenario. Recently, transcranial stimulation techniques have been applied to modulate the level of consciousness during sleep, supporting previous findings and adding new information about neural correlates of dream recall. Overall, although multiple studies suggest that both the continuity and activation hypotheses provide a growing understanding of neural processes underlying dreaming, several issues are still unsolved. The impact of state-/trait-like variables, the influence of circadian and homeostatic factors, and the examination of parasomnia-like events to access dream contents are all opened issues deserving further deepening in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-7508
| | - Valentina Alfonsi
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
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Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on working memory in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113656. [PMID: 33360429 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the immediate and lasting effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on working memory (WM) in schizophrenia. We performed a literature search to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the ability of tES to ameliorate WM. Twelve studies were included: 215 patients in the active stimulation group and 214 in the sham stimulation group. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant efficacy of tES on WM in follow up, a summary of one or more assessments weeks after the last tES session (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.62; p = 0.02; n = 190, 4 studies; I2 = 33%) compared to sham tES, while non-significant results were observed for WM assessed immediately after the last tES session (SMD 0.14, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.41; p = 0.30; n = 417, 11 studies; I2 = 41%) in schizophrenia. There was no significant difference between the two groups in tolerability and dropouts. Evidence of low quality indicates that effects of tES on WM in schizophrenia may appear a few weeks after the last tES session, but not always be present when tested immediately after the last tES session. Further large-scale RCTs with a parallel-group design, sample size estimation and a longer follow-up period are needed.
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Effects of bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on brain glutamate levels and resting state connectivity: multimodal MRI data for the cathodal stimulation site. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:111-122. [PMID: 32743758 PMCID: PMC7867555 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions is currently proposed as therapeutic intervention for major depression and other psychiatric disorders. The in-depth mechanistic understanding of this bipolar and non-focal stimulation technique is still incomplete. In a pilot study, we investigated the effects of bifrontal stimulation on brain metabolite levels and resting state connectivity under the cathode using multiparametric MRI techniques and computational tDCS modeling. Within a double-blind cross-over design, 20 subjects (12 women, 23.7 ± 2 years) were randomized to active tDCS with standard bifrontal montage with the anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the cathode over the right DLPFC. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was acquired before, during, and after prefrontal tDCS to quantify glutamate (Glu), Glu + glutamine (Glx) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in these areas. Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfcMRI) was acquired before and after the stimulation. The individual distribution of tDCS induced electric fields (efields) within the MRS voxel was computationally modelled using SimNIBS 2.0. There were no significant changes of Glu, Glx and GABA levels across conditions but marked differences in the course of Glu levels between female and male participants were observed. Further investigation yielded a significantly stronger Glu reduction after active compared to sham stimulation in female participants, but not in male participants. For rsfcMRI neither significant changes nor correlations with MRS data were observed. Exploratory analyses of the effect of efield intensity distribution on Glu changes showed distinct effects in different efield groups. Our findings are limited by the small sample size, but correspond to previously published results of cathodal tDCS. Future studies should address gender and efield intensity as moderators of tDCS induced effects.
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Koryagina YV, Roguleva LG, Nopin SV, Ter-Akopov GN. [Effects of application of transcranial electrical stimulation in the training process at elite athletes of various sports]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2020; 97:70-79. [PMID: 33054011 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20209705170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Restoring and optimizing the psychofunctional state of the athlete's body is an important area of sports medicine. Methods that allow you to quickly level psychoemotional and physical stress by influencing regulatory systems are interesting. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) refers to such methods. Its use in sports requires testing and scientific justification. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To study the tDCS influence, used in the training process, on the psychofunctional state of highly qualified athletes of various sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS 86 athletes aged 16 to 30 years old were examined. Their qualifications ranged from candidate master of sports to international master of sports of cyclic (track and field - 7 athletes, triathlon - 12), acyclic (weightlifting - 18) and opponent (karate - 22, rugby - 27) sports. The EEG study of electroencephalogram, heart rate variability and psychophysiological testing, ergospirometric stress testing on a treadmill were carried out to substantiate the tDCS effects. RESULTS The positive effect of the tDCS use is shown, which is substantiated by a significant change in physiological and psychophysiological parameters. An increase in the heart work economization, adaptive and mobilization body reserves, psychophysiological indicators was noted in triathletes after a course of 7 tDCS procedures. One tDCS in track and field athletes (according to stress testing data) helped to optimize the performance and increase the functional capabilities of the myocardium, reduce energy consumption during work. During the period of urgent recovery, tDCS contributed to the heart rate restoring acceleration, increase of the bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide rate, and hemodynamics. The use of one procedure among acyclic sports athletes was effective for optimizing the psycho-functional state, reducing the tension of regulatory processes. After maximum muscle-strengthening exercises, the recovery processes accelerated and the CNS performance increased. In athletes of opponent sports (rugby, karate), the tDCS use helped to reduce the time of sensorimotor reactions and increase mental stability, optimize the brain functional state, and economize the heart work. CONCLUSION The positive effect of tDCS is expressed in improving the psycho-functional state and working capacity, accelerating the recovery processes of athletes after physical exertion. In this connection, this method can be widely recommended for use as a regenerating and stimulating effect in medical and biological support in elite sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Koryagina
- North Caucasus Federal Research and Clinical Center, Essentuki, Russia
| | - L G Roguleva
- North Caucasus Federal Research and Clinical Center, Essentuki, Russia
| | - S V Nopin
- North Caucasus Federal Research and Clinical Center, Essentuki, Russia
| | - G N Ter-Akopov
- North Caucasus Federal Research and Clinical Center, Essentuki, Russia
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Abstract
Impaired cognition is common in many neuropsychiatric disorders and severely compromises quality of life. Synchronous electrophysiological rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting communication dynamics among large-scale brain networks that underpin cognition and its breakdown in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we review an emerging neuromodulation technology called transcranial alternating current stimulation that has shown remarkable early results in rapidly improving various domains of human cognition by modulating properties of rhythmic network synchronization. Future noninvasive neuromodulation research holds promise for potentially rescuing network activity patterns and improving cognition, setting groundwork for the development of drug-free, circuit-based therapeutics for people with cognitive brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Grover
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; , ,
| | - John A Nguyen
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; , ,
| | - Robert M G Reinhart
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; , , .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Center for Research in Sensory Communication & Emerging Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Weichwald S, Peters J. Causality in Cognitive Neuroscience: Concepts, Challenges, and Distributional Robustness. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 33:226-247. [PMID: 32812827 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Whereas probabilistic models describe the dependence structure between observed variables, causal models go one step further: They predict, for example, how cognitive functions are affected by external interventions that perturb neuronal activity. In this review and perspective article, we introduce the concept of causality in the context of cognitive neuroscience and review existing methods for inferring causal relationships from data. Causal inference is an ambitious task that is particularly challenging in cognitive neuroscience. We discuss two difficulties in more detail: the scarcity of interventional data and the challenge of finding the right variables. We argue for distributional robustness as a guiding principle to tackle these problems. Robustness (or invariance) is a fundamental principle underlying causal methodology. A (correctly specified) causal model of a target variable generalizes across environments or subjects as long as these environments leave the causal mechanisms of the target intact. Consequently, if a candidate model does not generalize, then either it does not consist of the target variable's causes or the underlying variables do not represent the correct granularity of the problem. In this sense, assessing generalizability may be useful when defining relevant variables and can be used to partially compensate for the lack of interventional data.
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The visual system as target of non-invasive brain stimulation for migraine treatment: Current insights and future challenges. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020. [PMID: 33008507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The visual network is crucially implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Several lines of evidence indicate that migraine is characterized by an altered visual cortex excitability both during and between attacks. Visual symptoms, the most common clinical manifestation of migraine aura, are likely the result of cortical spreading depression originating from the extrastriate area V3A. Photophobia, a clinical hallmark of migraine, is linked to an abnormal sensory processing of the thalamus which is converged with the non-image forming visual pathway. Finally, visual snow is an increasingly recognized persistent visual phenomenon in migraine, possibly caused by increased perception of subthreshold visual stimuli. Emerging research in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has vastly developed into a diversity of areas with promising potential. One of its clinical applications is the single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) applied over the occipital cortex which has been approved for treating migraine with aura, albeit limited evidence. Studies have also investigated other NIBS techniques, such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for migraine prophylaxis but with conflicting results. As a dynamic brain disorder with widespread pathophysiology, targeting migraine with NIBS is challenging. Furthermore, unlike the motor cortex, evidence suggests that the visual cortex may be less plastic. Controversy exists as to whether the same fundamental principles of NIBS, based mainly on findings in the motor cortex, can be applied to the visual cortex. This review aims to explore existing literature surrounding NIBS studies on the visual system of migraine. We will first provide an overview highlighting the direct implication of the visual network in migraine. Next, we will focus on the rationale behind using NIBS for migraine treatment, including its effects on the visual cortex, and the shortcomings of currently available evidence. Finally, we propose a broader perspective of how novel approaches, the concept of brain networks and the integration of multimodal imaging with computational modeling, can help refine current NIBS methods, with the ultimate goal of optimizing a more individualized treatment for migraine.
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Blanchette-Carrière C, Julien SH, Picard-Deland C, Bouchard M, Carrier J, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Attempted induction of signalled lucid dreaming by transcranial alternating current stimulation. Conscious Cogn 2020; 83:102957. [PMID: 32534325 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurophysiological correlates of self-awareness during sleep ('lucid dreaming') remain unclear despite their importance for clarifying the neural underpinnings of consciousness. Transcranial direct (tDC) and alternating (tAC) current stimulation during sleep have been shown to increase dream self-awareness, but these studies' methodological weaknesses prompted us to undertake additional study. tAC stimulation was associated with signal-verified and self-rated lucid dreams-but so was the sham procedure. Situational factors may be crucial to inducing self-awareness during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Blanchette-Carrière
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Sarah-Hélène Julien
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Claudia Picard-Deland
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Maude Bouchard
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Tyna Paquette
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada.
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Bonaiuto JJ, Afdideh F, Ferez M, Wagstyl K, Mattout J, Bonnefond M, Barnes GR, Bestmann S. Estimates of cortical column orientation improve MEG source inversion. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116862. [PMID: 32305564 PMCID: PMC8417767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the anatomical source of brain activity non-invasively measured from EEG or MEG sensors is challenging. In order to simplify the source localization problem, many techniques introduce the assumption that current sources lie on the cortical surface. Another common assumption is that this current flow is orthogonal to the cortical surface, thereby approximating the orientation of cortical columns. However, it is not clear which cortical surface to use to define the current source locations, and normal vectors computed from a single cortical surface may not be the best approximation to the orientation of cortical columns. We compared three different surface location priors and five different approaches for estimating dipole vector orientation, both in simulations and visual and motor evoked MEG responses. We show that models with source locations on the white matter surface and using methods based on establishing correspondences between white matter and pial cortical surfaces dramatically outperform models with source locations on the pial or combined pial/white surfaces and which use methods based on the geometry of a single cortical surface in fitting evoked visual and motor responses. These methods can be easily implemented and adopted in most M/EEG analysis pipelines, with the potential to significantly improve source localization of evoked responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bonaiuto
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.
| | - Fardin Afdideh
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ferez
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Jérémie Mattout
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnefond
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1N 3AR, UK; Dept of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Mastakouri AA, Scholkopf B, Grosse-Wentrup M. Beta Power May Meditate the Effect of Gamma-TACS on Motor Performance. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:5902-5908. [PMID: 31947193 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is becoming an important method in the field of motor rehabilitation because of its ability to non-invasively influence ongoing brain oscillations at arbitrary frequencies. However, substantial variations in its effect across individuals are reported, making tACS a currently unreliable treatment tool. One reason for this variability is the lack of knowledge about the exact way tACS entrains and interacts with ongoing brain oscillations. The present crossover stimulation study on 20 healthy subjects contributes to the understanding of cross-frequency effects of gamma (70 Hz) tACS over the contralateral motor cortex by providing empirical evidence which is consistent with a role of low- (12 -20 Hz) and high- (20- 30 Hz) beta power as a mediator of gamma-tACS on motor performance.
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Wang Z, Feng Z, Hu H, Yuan Y. Sinusoidal stimulation on afferent fibers can selectively activate different types of neurons in rat hippocampus. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:6880-6883. [PMID: 31947421 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for treating various brain disorders. Although narrow electrical pulses have been commonly used by DBS, sinusoidal waveforms have also been investigated to improve the effects of DBS therapy and to save electrical energy. However, the effect of sinusoidal stimulation on neurons is unclear yet. To investigate the modulation of sinusoidal stimulation on different types of neurons in networks, sinusoidal stimulations (50 Hz) with lower-intensity and higher-intensity were applied to the afferent axons (Schaffer collaterals) in rat hippocampal CA1 region. The firing of inhibitory interneurons and excitatory pyramidal cells (the principal neurons of CA1) during the stimulations were detected and were compared with their baseline firing before stimulations. Results showed that sinusoidal stimulation with a lower-intensity (~30 μA) can selectively activate the interneurons thereby suppressing the firing of pyramidal cells in the downstream post-synaptic region. However, sinusoidal stimulation with a higher-intensity (~60 μA) can increase the firing of both types of neurons significantly. Presumably, the two different effects of inhibition and excitation on the principal neurons by different stimulation intensities could be caused by the fact that the firing threshold of interneurons is lower than that of pyramidal cells. The results provide important clues for selective modulation of neuronal activity by brain stimulations thereby developing different stimulation paradigms to treat various brain disorders.
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Therapeutic noninvasive brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 32:292-304. [PMID: 30720478 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease without effective pharmacological treatment. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), are increasingly being investigated for their potential to ameliorate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). RECENT FINDINGS A comprehensive literature review for primary research reports that investigated the ability of TMS/tES to improve cognition in ADRD patients yielded a total of 20 reports since 2016. Eight studies used repetitive TMS and 12 used transcranial direct current stimulation, the most common form of tES. Eight of the studies combined NIBS with cognitive training. Promising results should encourage continued investigation, however there is currently insufficient evidence to support widespread adoption of NIBS-based clinical treatments for ADRD. SUMMARY NIBS remains an active area of investigation for treatment of ADRD, though the predominance of small, heterogeneous, proof-of-principle studies precludes definitive conclusions. We propose the establishment of a consortium to achieve the benefits of large-scale, controlled studies using biomarker-based diagnostic characterization of participants, development of neurophysiological markers to verify target engagement, and standardization of parameters.
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Batty NJ, Torres-Espín A, Vavrek R, Raposo P, Fouad K. Single-session cortical electrical stimulation enhances the efficacy of rehabilitative motor training after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113136. [PMID: 31786212 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low neuronal cAMP levels in adults and a further decline following traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury has been associated with the limited ability of neurons to regenerate. An approach to increase neuronal cAMP levels post injury is electrical stimulation. Stimulation as a tool to promote neuronal growth has largely been studied in the peripheral nervous system or in spared fibers of the CNS and this research suggests that a single session of electrical stimulation is sufficient to initiate a long-lasting axonal growth program. Here, we sought to promote plasticity and growth of the injured corticospinal tract with electrical cortical stimulation immediately after its spinal injury. Moreover, given the importance of rehabilitative motor training in the clinical setting and in translating plasticity into functional recovery, we applied training as a standard treatment to all rats (i.e., with or without electrical stimulation). Our findings show that electrical cortical stimulation did improve recovery in forelimb function compared to the recovery in unstimulated animals. This recovery is likely linked to increased corticospinal tract plasticity as evidenced by a significant increase in sprouting of collaterals above the lesion site, but not to increased regenerative growth through the lesion itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Batty
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Romana Vavrek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pamela Raposo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 238:1-16. [PMID: 31768577 PMCID: PMC6957540 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. Here, I review studies that have employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms mediating visual aesthetic appreciation for different stimuli categories (faces, bodies, paintings). The review first considers studies that have assessed the possible causal contribution of cortical regions in mediating aesthetic appreciation along the visual ventral and dorsal pathways (i.e., the extrastriate body area, the motion-sensitive region V5/MT+ , the lateral occipital complex and the posterior parietal cortex). It then considers TMS and tDCS studies that have targeted premotor and motor regions, as well as other areas involved in body and facial expression processing (such as the superior temporal sulcus and the somatosensory cortex) to assess their role in aesthetic evaluation. Finally, it discusses studies that have targeted medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions leading to significant changes in aesthetic appreciation for both biological stimuli (faces and bodies) and artworks. Possible mechanisms mediating stimulation effects on aesthetic judgments are discussed. A final section considers both methodological limitations of the reviewed studies (including levels of statistical power and the need for further replication) and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences.
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Frequency-dependent entrainment of spontaneous Ca transients in the dendritic tufts of CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slice preparations by weak AC electric field. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:202-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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