1
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Goldblatt D, Rosti B, Hamling KR, Leary P, Panchal H, Li M, Gelnaw H, Huang S, Quainoo C, Schoppik D. Motor neurons are dispensable for the assembly of a sensorimotor circuit for gaze stabilization. eLife 2024; 13:RP96893. [PMID: 39565353 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor reflex circuits engage distinct neuronal subtypes, defined by precise connectivity, to transform sensation into compensatory behavior. Whether and how motor neuron populations specify the subtype fate and/or sensory connectivity of their pre-motor partners remains controversial. Here, we discovered that motor neurons are dispensable for proper connectivity in the vestibular reflex circuit that stabilizes gaze. We first measured activity following vestibular sensation in pre-motor projection neurons after constitutive loss of their extraocular motor neuron partners. We observed normal responses and topography indicative of unchanged functional connectivity between sensory neurons and projection neurons. Next, we show that projection neurons remain anatomically and molecularly poised to connect appropriately with their downstream partners. Lastly, we show that the transcriptional signatures that typify projection neurons develop independently of motor partners. Our findings comprehensively overturn a long-standing model: that connectivity in the circuit for gaze stabilization is retrogradely determined by motor partner-derived signals. By defining the contribution of motor neurons to specification of an archetypal sensorimotor circuit, our work speaks to comparable processes in the spinal cord and advances our understanding of principles of neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Goldblatt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Basak Rosti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Kyla Rose Hamling
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Paige Leary
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Harsh Panchal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Marlyn Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Hannah Gelnaw
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Stephanie Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Cheryl Quainoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - David Schoppik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
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2
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Wang H, Liu X, Liu Y, Yang C, Ye Y, Yu X, Sheng N, Zhang S, Mao B, Ma P. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF220 maintains hindbrain Hox expression patterns through regulation of WDR5 stability. eLife 2024; 13:RP94657. [PMID: 39526890 PMCID: PMC11554307 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The spatial and temporal linear expression of Hox genes establishes a regional Hox code, which is crucial for the antero-posterior (A-P) patterning, segmentation, and neuronal circuit development of the hindbrain. RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is widely involved in neural development via targeting of multiple substrates. Here, we found that the expression of Hox genes in the pons was markedly up-regulated at the late developmental stage (post-embryonic day E15.5) in Rnf220-/- and Rnf220+/- mouse embryos. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed different Hox de-repression profiles in different groups of neurons, including the pontine nuclei (PN). The Hox pattern was disrupted and the neural circuits were affected in the PN of Rnf220+/- mice. We showed that this phenomenon was mediated by WDR5, a key component of the TrxG complex, which can be polyubiquitinated and degraded by RNF220. Intrauterine injection of WDR5 inhibitor (WDR5-IN-4) and genetic ablation of Wdr5 in Rnf220+/- mice largely recovered the de-repressed Hox expression pattern in the hindbrain. In P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, the retinoic acid-induced Hox expression was further stimulated by Rnf220 knockdown, which can also be rescued by Wdr5 knockdown. In short, our data suggest a new role of RNF220/WDR5 in Hox pattern maintenance and pons development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xingyan Liu
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Chencheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yaxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Bingyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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3
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McArthur KL, Ho WJ. Structure and Topography of Facial Branchiomotor Neuron Dendrites in Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25682. [PMID: 39497493 PMCID: PMC11575941 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Motor circuits in the vertebrate hindbrain need to become functional early in development. What are the fundamental mechanisms that establish early synaptic inputs to motor neurons? Previous evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that motor neuron dendrite positioning serves a causal role in early spinal motor circuit development, with initial connectivity determined by the overlap between premotor axons and motor neuron dendrites (perhaps without the need for molecular recognition). Does motor neuron dendrite topography serve a similar role in the hindbrain? In the current study, we provide the first quantitative analysis of the dendrites of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in larval zebrafish. We previously demonstrated that FBMNs exhibit functional topography along the dorsoventral axis, with the most ventral cell bodies most likely to exhibit early rhythmic activity-suggesting that FBMNs with ventral cell bodies are most likely to receive inputs from premotor neurons carrying rhythmic respiratory signals. We hypothesized that this functional topography can be explained by differences in dendrite positioning, giving ventral FBMNs preferential access to premotor axons carrying rhythmic signals. If this hypothesis is true, we predicted that FBMN cell body position would be correlated with dendrite position along the dorsoventral axis. To test this prediction, we used single-cell labeling to trace the dendritic arbors of FBMNs in larval zebrafish at 5-days post-fertilization (dpf). FBMN dendrites varied in complexity, and this variation could not be attributed to differences in the relative age of neurons. Most dendrites grew caudally, laterally, and ventrally from the cell body-though FBMN dendrites could extend their dendrites dorsally. Across our sample, FBMN cell body position correlated with dendrite position along the dorsoventral axis, consistent with our hypothesis that differences in dendrite positioning serve as the substrate for differences in activity patterns across neurons. Future studies will build on this foundational data, testing additional predictions of the central hypothesis-to further investigate the mechanisms of early motor circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winnie J Ho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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4
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Kaneko T, Boulanger-Weill J, Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Position-independent functional refinement within the vagus motor topographic map. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114740. [PMID: 39325616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor neurons in the central nervous system often lie in a continuous topographic map, where neurons that innervate different body parts are spatially intermingled. This is the case for the efferent neurons of the vagus nerve, which innervate diverse muscle and organ targets in the head and viscera for brain-body communication. It remains elusive how neighboring motor neurons with different fixed peripheral axon targets develop the separate somatodendritic (input) connectivity they need to generate spatially precise body control. Here, we show that vagus motor neurons in the zebrafish indeed generate spatially appropriate peripheral responses to focal sensory stimulation even when they are transplanted into ectopic positions within the topographic map, indicating that circuit refinement occurs after the establishment of coarse topography. Refinement depends on motor neuron synaptic transmission, suggesting that an experience-dependent periphery-to-brain feedback mechanism establishes specific input connectivity among intermingled motor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kaneko
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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5
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Pan YK, Perry SF. Developing zebrafish utilize taste-signaling pathways for oxygen chemoreception. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4272-4284.e5. [PMID: 39260364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental requirement for all animals is to sense and respond to changes in environmental O2 availability. Low O2 (hypoxia) typically stimulates breathing, a universal and critical response termed the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). In this study, we test the hypothesis that taste-signaling pathways are used for O2 sensing and activation of the HVR. We show that Merkel-like cells (MLCs), which are part of the taste-bud complex, function as O2 chemoreceptor cells in larval zebrafish and that transduction of the O2 signal uses taste-signaling pathways. Specifically, MLCs responded to hypoxia in vivo with an increase in Ca2+ activity that can drive the HVR. In addition, MLCs transmit O2 signals to afferent cranial nerves IX and X (nIX/X), which project into the area postrema within the hindbrain and synapse with interneurons that are in contact with vagal motor neurons. Hypoxia or chemo-activation of nIX/X caused Ca2+ activity to increase within the area postrema and elicited hyperventilation. The results provide the first demonstration of an O2 signaling pathway that commences with the activation of taste receptors (MLCs) to yield a critical physiological reflex, the HVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Kevin Pan
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A4, Canada.
| | - Steve F Perry
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A4, Canada.
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6
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Paquette SE, Oduor CI, Gaulke A, Stefan S, Bronk P, Dafonseca V, Barulin N, Lee C, Carley R, Morrison AR, Choi BR, Bailey JA, Plavicki JS. Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589909. [PMID: 38659956 PMCID: PMC11042273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in cardiac macrophage biology have broadened our understanding of the critical functions of macrophages in the heart. As a result, there is further interest in understanding the independent contributions of distinct subsets of macrophage to cardiac development and function. Here, we demonstrate that genetic loss of interferon regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-positive embryonic-derived macrophages significantly disrupts cardiac conduction, chamber function, and innervation in adult zebrafish. At 4 months post-fertilization (mpf), homozygous irf8st96/st96 mutants have significantly shortened atrial action potential duration and significant differential expression of genes involved in cardiac contraction. Functional in vivo assessments via electro- and echocardiograms at 12 mpf reveal that irf8 mutants are arrhythmogenic and exhibit diastolic dysfunction and ventricular stiffening. To identify the molecular drivers of the functional disturbances in irf8 null zebrafish, we perform single cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry, which reveal increased leukocyte infiltration, epicardial activation, mesenchymal gene expression, and fibrosis. Irf8 null hearts are also hyperinnervated and have aberrant axonal patterning, a phenotype not previously assessed in the context of cardiac macrophage loss. Gene ontology analysis supports a novel role for activated epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in promoting neurogenesis and neuronal remodeling in vivo. Together, these data uncover significant cardiac abnormalities following embryonic macrophage loss and expand our knowledge of critical macrophage functions in heart physiology and governing homeostatic heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Paquette
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cliff I. Oduor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Amy Gaulke
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Sabina Stefan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter Bronk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Vanny Dafonseca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nikolai Barulin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cadence Lee
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Rachel Carley
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Alan R. Morrison
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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7
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Kaneko T, Boulanger-Weill J, Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Position-independent functional refinement within the vagus motor topographic map. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.11.557289. [PMID: 37745606 PMCID: PMC10515832 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Motor neurons in the central nervous system often lie in a continuous topographic map, where neurons that innervate different body parts are spatially intermingled. This is the case for the efferent neurons of the vagus nerve, which innervate diverse muscle and organ targets in the head and viscera for brain-body communication. It remains elusive how neighboring motor neurons with different fixed peripheral axon targets develop the separate somatodendritic (input) connectivity they need to generate spatially precise body control. Here we show that vagus motor neurons in the zebrafish indeed generate spatially appropriate peripheral responses to focal sensory stimulation even when they are transplanted into ectopic positions within the topographic map, indicating that circuit refinement occurs after the establishment of coarse topography. Refinement depends on motor neuron synaptic transmission, suggesting that an experience-dependent periphery-to-brain feedback mechanism establishes specific input connectivity amongst intermingled motor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kaneko
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Lead contact
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8
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Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Development and regeneration of the vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:219-227. [PMID: 37537116 PMCID: PMC10830892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve, with its myriad constituent axon branches and innervation targets, has long been a model of anatomical complexity in the nervous system. The branched architecture of the vagus nerve is now appreciated to be highly organized around the topographic and/or molecular identities of the neurons that innervate each target tissue. However, we are only just beginning to understand the developmental mechanisms by which heterogeneous vagus neuron identity is specified, patterned, and used to guide the axons of particular neurons to particular targets. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the complex topographic and molecular organization of the vagus nerve, the developmental basis of neuron specification and patterned axon guidance that supports this organization, and the regenerative mechanisms that promote, or inhibit, the restoration of vagus nerve organization after nerve damage. Finally, we highlight key unanswered questions in these areas and discuss potential strategies to address these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Isabella
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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9
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Goldblatt D, Rosti B, Hamling KR, Leary P, Panchal H, Li M, Gelnaw H, Huang S, Quainoo C, Schoppik D. Motor neurons are dispensable for the assembly of a sensorimotor circuit for gaze stabilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577261. [PMID: 38328255 PMCID: PMC10849732 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Sensorimotor reflex circuits engage distinct neuronal subtypes, defined by precise connectivity, to transform sensation into compensatory behavior. Whether and how motor neuron populations specify the subtype fate and/or sensory connectivity of their pre-motor partners remains controversial. Here, we discovered that motor neurons are dispensable for proper connectivity in the vestibular reflex circuit that stabilizes gaze. We first measured activity following vestibular sensation in pre-motor projection neurons after constitutive loss of their extraocular motor neuron partners. We observed normal responses and topography indicative of unchanged functional connectivity between sensory neurons and projection neurons. Next, we show that projection neurons remain anatomically and molecularly poised to connect appropriately with their downstream partners. Lastly, we show that the transcriptional signatures that typify projection neurons develop independently of motor partners. Our findings comprehensively overturn a long-standing model: that connectivity in the circuit for gaze stabilization is retrogradely determined by motor partner-derived signals. By defining the contribution of motor neurons to specification of an archetypal sensorimotor circuit, our work speaks to comparable processes in the spinal cord and advances our understanding of general principles of neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Goldblatt
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | - Başak Rosti
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - Kyla R Hamling
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - Paige Leary
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - Harsh Panchal
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - Marlyn Li
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | - Hannah Gelnaw
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - Stephanie Huang
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | - Cheryl Quainoo
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
| | - David Schoppik
- Depts. of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health
- Lead Contact
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10
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Cintrón-Rivera LG, Burns N, Patel R, Plavicki JS. Exposure to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist dioxin disrupts formation of the muscle, nerves, and vasculature in the developing jaw. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122499. [PMID: 37660771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to environmental pollutants can disrupt embryonic development and impact juvenile and adult health outcomes by adversely affecting cell and organ function. Notwithstanding, environmental contamination continues to increase due to industrial development, insufficient regulations, and the mobilization of pollutants as a result of extreme weather events. Dioxins are a class of structurally related persistent organic pollutants that are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent dioxin compound and has been shown to induce toxic effects in developing organisms by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor targeted by multiple persistent organic pollutants. Contaminant-induced AHR activation results in malformations of the craniofacial cartilages and neurocranium; however, the mechanisms mediating these phenotypes are not well understood. In this study, we utilized the optically transparent zebrafish model to elucidate novel cellular targets and potential transcriptional targets underlying TCDD-induced craniofacial malformations. To this end, we exposed zebrafish embryos at 4 h post fertilization to TCDD and employed a mixed-methods approach utilizing immunohistochemistry staining, transgenic reporter lines, fixed and in vivo confocal imaging, and timelapse microscopy to determine the targets mediating TCDD-induced craniofacial phenotypes. Our data indicate that embryonic TCDD exposure reduced jaw and pharyngeal arch Sox10+ chondrocytes and Tcf21+ pharyngeal mesoderm progenitors. Exposure to TCDD correspondingly led to a reduction in collagen type II deposition in Sox10+ domains. Embryonic TCDD exposure impaired development of tissues derived from or guided by Tcf21+ progenitors, namely: nerves, muscle, and vasculature. Specifically, TCDD exposure disrupted development of the hyoid and mandibular arch muscles, decreased neural innervation of the jaw, resulted in compression of cranial nerves V and VII, and led to jaw vasculature malformations. Collectively, these findings reveal novel structural targets and potential transcriptional targets of TCDD-induced toxicity, showcasing how contaminant exposures lead to congenital craniofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layra G Cintrón-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Nicole Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Jessica S Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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11
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Zhang FF, Zhang L, Zhao L, Lu Y, Dong X, Liu YQ, Li Y, Guo S, Zheng SY, Xiao Y, Jiang YZ. The circular RNA Rap1b promotes Hoxa5 transcription by recruiting Kat7 and leading to increased Fam3a expression, which inhibits neuronal apoptosis in acute ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2237-2245. [PMID: 37056143 PMCID: PMC10328278 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.369115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs can regulate the development and progression of ischemic cerebral disease. However, it remains unclear whether they play a role in acute ischemic stroke. To investigate the role of the circular RNA Rap1b (circRap1b) in acute ischemic stroke, in this study we established an in vitro model of acute ischemia and hypoxia by subjecting HT22 cells to oxygen and glucose deprivation and a mouse model of acute ischemia and hypoxia by occluding the right carotid artery. We found that circRap1b expression was remarkably down-regulated in the hippocampal tissue of the mouse model and in the HT22 cell model. In addition, Hoxa5 expression was strongly up-regulated in response to circRap1b overexpression. Hoxa5 expression was low in the hippocampus of a mouse model of acute ischemia and in HT22-AIS cells, and inhibited HT22-AIS cell apoptosis. Importantly, we found that circRap1b promoted Hoxa5 transcription by recruiting the acetyltransferase Kat7 to induce H3K14ac modification in the Hoxa5 promoter region. Hoxa5 regulated neuronal apoptosis by activating transcription of Fam3a, a neuronal apoptosis-related protein. These results suggest that circRap1b regulates Hoxa5 transcription and expression, and subsequently Fam3a expression, ultimately inhibiting cell apoptosis. Lastly, we explored the potential clinical relevance of circRap1b and Hoxa5 in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the mechanism by which circRap1b inhibits neuronal apoptosis in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan-Qi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University (The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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D'Elia KP, Hameedy H, Goldblatt D, Frazel P, Kriese M, Zhu Y, Hamling KR, Kawakami K, Liddelow SA, Schoppik D, Dasen JS. Determinants of motor neuron functional subtypes important for locomotor speed. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113049. [PMID: 37676768 PMCID: PMC10600875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotion requires precise control of the strength and speed of muscle contraction and is achieved by recruiting functionally distinct subtypes of motor neurons (MNs). MNs are essential to movement and differentially susceptible in disease, but little is known about how MNs acquire functional subtype-specific features during development. Using single-cell RNA profiling in embryonic and larval zebrafish, we identify novel and conserved molecular signatures for MN functional subtypes and identify genes expressed in both early post-mitotic and mature MNs. Assessing MN development in genetic mutants, we define a molecular program essential for MN functional subtype specification. Two evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, Prdm16 and Mecom, are both functional subtype-specific determinants integral for fast MN development. Loss of prdm16 or mecom causes fast MNs to develop transcriptional profiles and innervation similar to slow MNs. These results reveal the molecular diversity of vertebrate axial MNs and demonstrate that functional subtypes are specified through intrinsic transcriptional codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P D'Elia
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Hameedy
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dena Goldblatt
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Frazel
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mercer Kriese
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunlu Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyla R Hamling
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Schoppik
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy S Dasen
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Goldblatt D, Huang S, Greaney MR, Hamling KR, Voleti V, Perez-Campos C, Patel KB, Li W, Hillman EMC, Bagnall MW, Schoppik D. Neuronal birthdate reveals topography in a vestibular brainstem circuit for gaze stabilization. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1265-1281.e7. [PMID: 36924768 PMCID: PMC10089979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Across the nervous system, neurons with similar attributes are topographically organized. This topography reflects developmental pressures. Oddly, vestibular (balance) nuclei are thought to be disorganized. By measuring activity in birthdated neurons, we revealed a functional map within the central vestibular projection nucleus that stabilizes gaze in the larval zebrafish. We first discovered that both somatic position and stimulus selectivity follow projection neuron birthdate. Next, with electron microscopy and loss-of-function assays, we found that patterns of peripheral innervation to projection neurons were similarly organized by birthdate. Finally, birthdate revealed spatial patterns of axonal arborization and synapse formation to projection neuron outputs. Collectively, we find that development reveals previously hidden organization to the input, processing, and output layers of a highly conserved vertebrate sensorimotor circuit. The spatial and temporal attributes we uncover constrain the developmental mechanisms that may specify the fate, function, and organization of vestibulo-ocular reflex neurons. More broadly, our data suggest that, like invertebrates, temporal mechanisms may assemble vertebrate sensorimotor architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Goldblatt
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Stephanie Huang
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Marie R Greaney
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kyla R Hamling
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Venkatakaushik Voleti
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Citlali Perez-Campos
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kripa B Patel
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wenze Li
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Martha W Bagnall
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David Schoppik
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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14
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Shoenhard H, Granato M. Multivariate analysis of variegated expression in Neurons: A strategy for unbiased localization of gene function to candidate brain regions in larval zebrafish. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281609. [PMID: 36787331 PMCID: PMC9928119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral screens in model organisms have greatly facilitated the identification of genes and genetic pathways that regulate defined behaviors. Identifying the neural circuitry via which specific genes function to modify behavior remains a significant challenge in the field. Tissue- and cell type-specific knockout, knockdown, and rescue experiments serve this purpose, yet in zebrafish screening through dozens of candidate cell-type-specific and brain-region specific driver lines for their ability to rescue a mutant phenotype remains a bottleneck. Here we report on an alternative strategy that takes advantage of the variegation often present in Gal4-driven UAS lines to express a rescue construct in a neuronal tissue-specific and variegated manner. We developed and validated a computational pipeline that identifies specific brain regions where expression levels of the variegated rescue construct correlate with rescue of a mutant phenotype, indicating that gene expression levels in these regions may causally influence behavior. We termed this unbiased correlative approach Multivariate Analysis of Variegated Expression in Neurons (MAVEN). The MAVEN strategy advances the user's capacity to quickly identify candidate brain regions where gene function may be relevant to a behavioral phenotype. This allows the user to skip or greatly reduce screening for rescue and proceed to experimental validation of candidate brain regions via genetically targeted approaches. MAVEN thus facilitates identification of brain regions in which specific genes function to regulate larval zebrafish behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Howard AGA, Nguyen AC, Tworig J, Ravisankar P, Singleton EW, Li C, Kotzur G, Waxman JS, Uribe RA. Elevated Hoxb5b Expands Vagal Neural Crest Pool and Blocks Enteric Neuronal Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803370. [PMID: 35174164 PMCID: PMC8841348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a migratory, transient, and multipotent stem cell population essential to vertebrate embryonic development, contributing to numerous cell lineages in the adult organism. While great strides have been made in elucidating molecular and cellular events that drive NCC specification, comprehensive knowledge of the genetic factors that orchestrate NCC developmental programs is still far from complete. We discovered that elevated Hoxb5b levels promoted an expansion of zebrafish NCCs, which persisted throughout multiple stages of development. Correspondingly, elevated Hoxb5b also specifically expanded expression domains of the vagal NCC markers foxd3 and phox2bb. Increases in NCCs were most apparent after pulsed ectopic Hoxb5b expression at early developmental stages, rather than later during differentiation stages, as determined using a novel transgenic zebrafish line. The increase in vagal NCCs early in development led to supernumerary Phox2b+ enteric neural progenitors, while leaving many other NCC-derived tissues without an overt phenotype. Surprisingly, these NCC-derived enteric progenitors failed to expand properly into sufficient quantities of enterically fated neurons and stalled in the gut tissue. These results suggest that while Hoxb5b participates in vagal NCC development as a driver of progenitor expansion, the supernumerary, ectopically localized NCC fail to initiate expansion programs in timely fashion in the gut. All together, these data point to a model in which Hoxb5b regulates NCCs both in a tissue specific and temporally restricted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C. Nguyen
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua Tworig
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Priya Ravisankar
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Allen Institute of Immunology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Can Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Grayson Kotzur
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rosa A. Uribe
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Rosa A. Uribe,
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16
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Ye L, Rawls JF. Microbial influences on gut development and gut-brain communication. Development 2021; 148:dev194936. [PMID: 34758081 PMCID: PMC8627602 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The developmental programs that build and sustain animal forms also encode the capacity to sense and adapt to the microbial world within which they evolved. This is abundantly apparent in the development of the digestive tract, which typically harbors the densest microbial communities of the body. Here, we review studies in human, mouse, zebrafish and Drosophila that are revealing how the microbiota impacts the development of the gut and its communication with the nervous system, highlighting important implications for human and animal health.
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17
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Isabella AJ, Stonick JA, Dubrulle J, Moens CB. Intrinsic positional memory guides target-specific axon regeneration in the zebrafish vagus nerve. Development 2021; 148:272160. [PMID: 34427308 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration after peripheral nerve damage requires that axons re-grow to the correct target tissues in a process called target-specific regeneration. Although much is known about the mechanisms that promote axon re-growth, re-growing axons often fail to reach the correct targets, resulting in impaired nerve function. We know very little about how axons achieve target-specific regeneration, particularly in branched nerves that require distinct targeting decisions at branch points. The zebrafish vagus motor nerve is a branched nerve with a well-defined topographic organization. Here, we track regeneration of individual vagus axons after whole-nerve laser severing and find a robust capacity for target-specific, functional re-growth. We then develop a new single-cell chimera injury model for precise manipulation of axon-environment interactions and find that (1) the guidance mechanism used during regeneration is distinct from the nerve's developmental guidance mechanism, (2) target selection is specified by neurons' intrinsic memory of their position within the brain, and (3) targeting to a branch requires its pre-existing innervation. This work establishes the zebrafish vagus nerve as a tractable regeneration model and reveals the mechanistic basis of target-specific regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Isabella
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jason A Stonick
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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18
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Hernández R, Jiménez-Luna C, Ortiz R, Setién F, López M, Perazzoli G, Esteller M, Berdasco M, Prados J, Melguizo C. Impact of the Epigenetically Regulated Hoxa-5 Gene in Neural Differentiation from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080802. [PMID: 34440035 PMCID: PMC8389620 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) may be used in some nervous system pathologies, although obtaining an adequate degree of neuronal differentiation is an important barrier to their applicability. This requires a deep understanding of the expression and epigenetic changes of the most important genes involved in their differentiation. We used hASCs from human lipoaspirates to induce neuronal-like cells through three protocols (Neu1, 2, and 3), determined the degree of neuronal differentiation using specific biomarkers in culture cells and neurospheres, and analyzed epigenetic changes of genes involved in this differentiation. Furthermore, we selected the Hoxa-5 gene to determine its potential to improve neuronal differentiation. Our results showed that an excellent hASC neuronal differentiation process using Neu1 which efficiently modulated NES, CHAT, SNAP25, or SCN9A neuronal marker expression. In addition, epigenetic studies showed relevant changes in Hoxa-5, GRM4, FGFR1, RTEL1, METRN, and PAX9 genes. Functional studies of the Hoxa-5 gene using CRISPR/dCas9 and lentiviral systems showed that its overexpression induced hASCs neuronal differentiation that was accelerated with the exposure to Neu1. These results suggest that Hoxa-5 is an essential gene in hASCs neuronal differentiation and therefore, a potential candidate for the development of cell therapy strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Hernández
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Setién
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBCL), Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Epigenetic Therapies Group, Experimental and Clinical Hematology Program (PHEC), Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBCL), Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Epigenetic Therapies Group, Experimental and Clinical Hematology Program (PHEC), Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.H.); (C.J.-L.); (R.O.); (G.P.); (C.M.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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19
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Farmer DT, Patel P, Choi R, Liu CY, Crump JG. A comprehensive series of Irx cluster mutants reveals diverse roles in facial cartilage development. Development 2021; 148:271157. [PMID: 34338288 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proper function of the vertebrate skeleton requires the development of distinct articulating embryonic cartilages. Irx transcription factors are arranged in co-regulated clusters that are expressed in the developing skeletons of the face and appendages. IrxB cluster genes are required for the separation of toes in mice and formation of the hyoid joint in zebrafish, yet whether Irx genes have broader roles in skeletal development remains unclear. Here, we perform a comprehensive loss-of-function analysis of all 11 Irx genes in zebrafish. We uncover conserved requirements for IrxB genes in formation of the fish and mouse scapula. In the face, we find a requirement for IrxAb genes and irx7 in formation of anterior neural crest precursors of the jaw, and for IrxBa genes in formation of endodermal pouches and gill cartilages. We also observe extensive joint loss and cartilage fusions in animals with combinatorial losses of Irx clusters, with in vivo imaging revealing that at least some of these fusions arise through inappropriate chondrogenesis. Our analysis reveals diverse roles for Irx genes in the formation and later segmentation of the facial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Punam Patel
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rachelle Choi
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Liu
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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20
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James DM, Davidson EA, Yanes J, Moshiree B, Dallman JE. The Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis and Its Link to Autism: Emerging Insights and the Potential of Zebrafish Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662916. [PMID: 33937265 PMCID: PMC8081961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research involving autism spectrum disorder (ASD) most frequently focuses on its key diagnostic criteria: restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, altered sensory perception, and communication impairments. These core criteria, however, are often accompanied by numerous comorbidities, many of which result in severe negative impacts on quality of life, including seizures, epilepsy, sleep disturbance, hypotonia, and GI distress. While ASD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, gastrointestinal (GI) distress is among the most prevalent co-occurring symptom complex, manifesting in upward of 70% of all individuals with ASD. Consistent with this high prevalence, over a dozen family foundations that represent genetically distinct, molecularly defined forms of ASD have identified GI symptoms as an understudied area with significant negative impacts on quality of life for both individuals and their caregivers. Moreover, GI symptoms are also correlated with more pronounced irritability, social withdrawal, stereotypy, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances, suggesting that they may exacerbate the defining behavioral symptoms of ASD. Despite these facts (and to the detriment of the community), GI distress remains largely unaddressed by ASD research and is frequently regarded as a symptomatic outcome rather than a potential contributory factor to the behavioral symptoms. Allowing for examination of both ASD's impact on the central nervous system (CNS) as well as its impact on the GI tract and the associated microbiome, the zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful tool to study ASD. This is in no small part due to the advantages zebrafish present as a model system: their precocious development, their small transparent larval form, and their parallels with humans in genetics and physiology. While ASD research centered on the CNS has leveraged these advantages, there has been a critical lack of GI-centric ASD research in zebrafish models, making a holistic view of the gut-brain-microbiome axis incomplete. Similarly, high-throughput ASD drug screens have recently been developed but primarily focus on CNS and behavioral impacts while potential GI impacts have not been investigated. In this review, we aim to explore the great promise of the zebrafish model for elucidating the roles of the gut-brain-microbiome axis in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. James
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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21
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MacDonald AJ, Yang YHC, Cruz AM, Beall C, Ellacott KLJ. Brain-Body Control of Glucose Homeostasis-Insights From Model Organisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:662769. [PMID: 33868184 PMCID: PMC8044781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.662769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of blood glucose is essential for long term health. Blood glucose levels are defended by the correct function of, and communication between, internal organs including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. Critically, the brain is sensitive to acute changes in blood glucose level and can modulate peripheral processes to defend against these deviations. In this mini-review we highlight select key findings showcasing the utility, strengths, and limitations of model organisms to study brain-body interactions that sense and control blood glucose levels. First, we discuss the large platform of genetic tools available to investigators studying mice and how this field may yet reveal new modes of communication between peripheral organs and the brain. Second, we discuss how rats, by virtue of their size, have unique advantages for the study of CNS control of glucose homeostasis and note that they may more closely model some aspects of human (patho)physiology. Third, we discuss the nascent field of studying the CNS control of blood glucose in the zebrafish which permits ease of genetic modification, large-scale measurements of neural activity and live imaging in addition to high-throughput screening. Finally, we briefly discuss glucose homeostasis in drosophila, which have a distinct physiology and glucoregulatory systems to vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kate L. J. Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
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22
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Howard AGA, Baker PA, Ibarra-García-Padilla R, Moore JA, Rivas LJ, Tallman JJ, Singleton EW, Westheimer JL, Corteguera JA, Uribe RA. An atlas of neural crest lineages along the posterior developing zebrafish at single-cell resolution. eLife 2021; 10:e60005. [PMID: 33591267 PMCID: PMC7886338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vertebrate stem cells that give rise to various cell types throughout the developing body in early life. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analyses to delineate NCC-derivatives along the posterior developing vertebrate, zebrafish, during the late embryonic to early larval stage, a period when NCCs are actively differentiating into distinct cellular lineages. We identified several major NCC/NCC-derived cell-types including mesenchyme, neural crest, neural, neuronal, glial, and pigment, from which we resolved over three dozen cellular subtypes. We dissected gene expression signatures of pigment progenitors delineating into chromatophore lineages, mesenchyme cells, and enteric NCCs transforming into enteric neurons. Global analysis of NCC derivatives revealed they were demarcated by combinatorial hox gene codes, with distinct profiles within neuronal cells. From these analyses, we present a comprehensive cell-type atlas that can be utilized as a valuable resource for further mechanistic and evolutionary investigations of NCC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip A Baker
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | | | - Joshua A Moore
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | - Lucia J Rivas
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | - James J Tallman
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Rosa A Uribe
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
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23
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Walker LJ, Granato M. Vagus Topographic Map: Wandering through a gRAdient. Dev Cell 2020; 53:257-258. [PMID: 32369739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Topographic map development requires precise coordination between navigating axons and their targets in a dynamic environment. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Isabella et al. describe a mechanism in which a changing gradient of the morphogen retinoic acid regulates the expression of guidance factors to shape topographic axon targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Walker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Knüfer A, Diana G, Walsh GS, Clarke JD, Guthrie S. Cadherins regulate nuclear topography and function of developing ocular motor circuitry. eLife 2020; 9:56725. [PMID: 33001027 PMCID: PMC7599068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate central nervous system, groups of functionally related neurons, including cranial motor neurons of the brainstem, are frequently organised as nuclei. The molecular mechanisms governing the emergence of nuclear topography and circuit function are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of cadherin-mediated adhesion in the development of zebrafish ocular motor (sub)nuclei. We find that developing ocular motor (sub)nuclei differentially express classical cadherins. Perturbing cadherin function in these neurons results in distinct defects in neuronal positioning, including scattering of dorsal cells and defective contralateral migration of ventral subnuclei. In addition, we show that cadherin-mediated interactions between adjacent subnuclei are critical for subnucleus position. We also find that disrupting cadherin adhesivity in dorsal oculomotor neurons impairs the larval optokinetic reflex, suggesting that neuronal clustering is important for co-ordinating circuit function. Our findings reveal that cadherins regulate distinct aspects of cranial motor neuron positioning and establish subnuclear topography and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athene Knüfer
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Diana
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S Walsh
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States
| | - Jonathan Dw Clarke
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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25
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Shin MM, Catela C, Dasen J. Intrinsic control of neuronal diversity and synaptic specificity in a proprioceptive circuit. eLife 2020; 9:56374. [PMID: 32808924 PMCID: PMC7467731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relay of muscle-derived sensory information to the CNS is essential for the execution of motor behavior, but how proprioceptive sensory neurons (pSNs) establish functionally appropriate connections is poorly understood. A prevailing model of sensory-motor circuit assembly is that peripheral, target-derived, cues instruct pSN identities and patterns of intraspinal connectivity. To date no known intrinsic determinants of muscle-specific pSN fates have been described in vertebrates. We show that expression of Hox transcription factors defines pSN subtypes, and these profiles are established independently of limb muscle. The Hoxc8 gene is expressed by pSNs and motor neurons (MNs) targeting distal forelimb muscles, and sensory-specific depletion of Hoxc8 in mice disrupts sensory-motor synaptic matching, without affecting pSN survival or muscle targeting. These results indicate that the diversity and central specificity of pSNs and MNs are regulated by a common set of determinants, thus linking early rostrocaudal patterning to the assembly of limb control circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M Shin
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Catarina Catela
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jeremy Dasen
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
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26
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Isabella AJ, Barsh GR, Stonick JA, Dubrulle J, Moens CB. Retinoic Acid Organizes the Zebrafish Vagus Motor Topographic Map via Spatiotemporal Coordination of Hgf/Met Signaling. Dev Cell 2020; 53:344-357.e5. [PMID: 32302545 PMCID: PMC7237105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Information flow through neural circuits often requires their organization into topographic maps in which the positions of cell bodies and synaptic targets correspond. To understand how topographic map development is controlled, we examine the mechanism underlying targeting of vagus motor axons to the pharyngeal arches in zebrafish. We reveal that retinoic acid organizes topography by specifying anterior-posterior identity in vagus motor neurons. We then show that chemoattractant signaling between Hgf and Met is required for vagus innervation of the pharyngeal arches. Finally, we find that retinoic acid controls the spatiotemporal dynamics of Hgf/Met signaling to coordinate axon targeting with the developmental progression of the pharyngeal arches and show that experimentally altering the timing of Hgf/Met signaling is sufficient to redirect axon targeting and disrupt the topographic map. These findings establish a mechanism of topographic map development in which the regulation of chemoattractant signaling in space and time guides axon targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabrielle R Barsh
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason A Stonick
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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27
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Seroka AQ, Doe CQ. The Hunchback temporal transcription factor determines motor neuron axon and dendrite targeting in Drosophila. Development 2019; 146:dev175570. [PMID: 30890568 PMCID: PMC6467472 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The generation of neuronal diversity is essential for circuit formation and behavior. Morphological differences in sequentially born neurons could be due to intrinsic molecular identity specified by temporal transcription factors (henceforth called intrinsic temporal identity) or due to changing extrinsic cues. Here, we have used the Drosophila NB7-1 lineage to address this issue. NB7-1 generates the U1-U5 motor neurons sequentially; each has a distinct intrinsic temporal identity due to inheritance of different temporal transcription factors at its time of birth. We show that the U1-U5 neurons project axons sequentially, followed by sequential dendrite extension. We misexpressed the earliest temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to create 'ectopic' U1 neurons with an early intrinsic temporal identity but later birth-order. These ectopic U1 neurons have axon muscle targeting and dendrite neuropil targeting that are consistent with U1 intrinsic temporal identity, rather than with their time of birth or differentiation. We conclude that intrinsic temporal identity plays a major role in establishing both motor axon muscle targeting and dendritic arbor targeting, which are required for proper motor circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Q Seroka
- Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Chris Q Doe
- Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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28
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Abstract
Topographic maps are a basic organizational feature of nervous systems, and their construction involves both spatial and temporal cues. A recent study reports a novel mechanism of topographic map formation which relies on the timing of axon initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P D'Elia
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeremy S Dasen
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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29
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Cave C, Sockanathan S. Transcription factor mechanisms guiding motor neuron differentiation and diversification. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:1-7. [PMID: 29694927 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic generation of motor neurons is a complex process involving progenitor patterning, fate specification, differentiation, and maturation. Throughout this progression, the differential expression of transcription factors has served as our road map for the eventual cell fate of nascent motor neurons. Recent findings from in vivo and in vitro models of motor neuron development have expanded our understanding of how transcription factors govern motor neuron identity and their individual regulatory mechanisms. With the advent of next generation sequencing approaches, researchers now have unprecedented access to the gene regulatory dynamics involved in motor neuron development and are uncovering new connections linking neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Cave
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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