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Ermis N, Ulutas Z, Ozhan O, Yildiz A, Vardi N, Colak C, Parlakpinar H. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist treatment of doxorubicin induced heart failure. Biotech Histochem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36938690 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2187461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline derivative used for treatment of malignancies; however, its clinical use is limited by its cardiotoxicity. We investigated the effects of angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21 (C21) on DOX induced heart failure in rat heart. We compared C21 with losartan (LOS), an AT 1 receptor antagonist used for treating heart failure. We allocated 40 rats into five groups of eight: saline treated control group, DOX group administered a single 20 mg/kg dose of DOX, DOX + C21 group administered 0.3 mg/kg C21 for 21 days following the 20 mg/kg dose of DOX, DOX + losartan (LOS) group administered a 21 day regimen of 20 mg/kg LOS following the single dose of DOX, and a DOX + LOS + C21 group administered 0.3 mg/kg C21 and 20 mg/kg LOS for 21 days following the single dose of DOX. We assessed histopathology and conducted echocardiograpic and hemodynamic measurements. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was reduced only in the DOX treated group. C21, LOS and C21 + LOS therapy prevented decreased EF due to DOX. Less histopathology was observed in the DOX + LOS + C21 group than for the other treatment groups. Application of C21 decreased DOX induced cardiac injury similar to LOS. Combined use of C21 and LOS was most beneficial for DOX induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necip Ermis
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ulutas
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yildiz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Bhullar S, Shah A, Dhalla N. Mechanisms for the development of heart failure and improvement of cardiac function by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, are well-known for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension and acute coronary syndrome. Several of these inhibitors including captopril, enalapril, ramipril, zofenopril and imidapril attenuate vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy and adverse cardiac remodeling, improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac dysfunction and decrease mortality. Extensive experimental and clinical research over the past 35 years has revealed that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in heart failure are associated with full or partial prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling. Since cardiac function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles, including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils, for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and myocardial metabolism, there is ample evidence to suggest that adverse cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart are the consequence of subcellular defects. In fact, the improvement of cardiac function by different ACE inhibitors has been demonstrated to be related to the attenuation of abnormalities in subcellular organelles for Ca2+-handling, metabolic alterations, signal transduction defects and gene expression changes in failing cardiomyocytes. Various ACE inhibitors have also been shown to delay the progression of heart failure by reducing the formation of angiotensin II, the development of oxidative stress, the level of inflammatory cytokines and the occurrence of subcellular defects. These observations support the view that ACE inhibitors improve cardiac function in the failing heart by multiple mechanisms including the reduction of oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes.
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Ranjit A, Khajehpour S, Aghazadeh-Habashi A. Update on Angiotensin II Subtype 2 Receptor: Focus on Peptide and Nonpeptide Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:469-487. [PMID: 33795351 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the most dominant effector component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that generally acts through binding to two main classes of G protein-coupled receptors, namely Ang II subtype 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor (AT2R). Despite some controversial reports, the activation of AT2R generally antagonizes the effects of Ang II binding on AT1R. Studying AT2R signaling, function, and its specific ligands in cell culture or animal studies has confirmed its beneficial effects throughout the body. These characteristics classify AT2R as part of the protective arm of the RAS that, along with functions of Ang (1-7) through Mas receptor signaling, modulates the harmful effects of Ang II on AT1R in the activated classic arm of the RAS. Although Ang II is the primary ligand for AT2R, we have summarized other natural or synthetic peptide and nonpeptide agonists with critical evaluation of their structure, mechanism of action, and biologic activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: AT2R is one of the main components of the RAS and has a significant prospective for mediating the beneficial action of the RAS through its protective arm on the body's homeostasis. Targeting AT2R offers substantial clinical application possibilities for modulating various pathological conditions. This review provided concise information regarding the AT2R peptide and nonpeptide agonists and their potential clinical applications for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Ranjit
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Sana Khajehpour
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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Silveira-Filho LM, Coyan GN, Adamo A, Luketich SK, Menallo G, D'Amore A, Wagner WR. Can a Biohybrid Patch Salvage Ventricular Function at a Late Time Point in the Post-Infarction Remodeling Process? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:447-463. [PMID: 34095634 PMCID: PMC8165254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple, biohybrid patch made of polymer (PECUU) and ECM, without cellular components, was able to induce positive remodeling features when applied over chronic infarcts with severely dilated hearts and high cardiac function impairment in rats. The remodeling benefit was particularly notable in a subgroup of the sickest rats with very low initial ejection fraction in which the echocardiographic endpoints were found to improve after treatment. This technological approach may hold promise for future translation to patients in a chronic scenario.
A biohybrid patch without cellular components was implanted over large infarcted areas in severely dilated hearts. Nonpatched animals were assigned to control or losartan therapy. Patch-implanted animals responded with better morphological and functional echocardiographic endpoints, which were more evident in a subgroup of animals with very low pre-treatment ejection fraction (<35%). Patched animals also had smaller infarcts than both nonpatched groups. This simple approach could hold promise for clinical translation and be applied using minimally invasive procedures over the epicardium in a large set of patients to induce better ventricular remodeling, especially among those who are especially frail.
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Key Words
- AT1R, angiotensin 1 receptor
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDA, end-diastolic area
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESA, end-systolic area
- FS, fractional shortening
- HF, heart failure
- LV, left ventricle
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- LVFW, left ventricular free wall
- LVdd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
- LVsd, left ventricular end-systolic diameter
- M1, macrophage type 1
- M2, macrophage type 2
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MT, Masson trichrome
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PECUU, poly(ester carbonate urethane) urea
- PEUU, poly(ester urethane) urea
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- biomaterial
- cardiac patch
- left ventricular remodeling
- myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindemberg M Silveira-Filho
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Garrett N Coyan
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arianna Adamo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel K Luketich
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giorgio Menallo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonio D'Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,RiMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19): Cellular and biochemical properties and pharmacological insights into new therapeutic developments. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:10-28. [PMID: 32992409 PMCID: PMC7537523 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐COV‐2 first appeared in the Wuhan City of China and began to spread rapidly among people. Rapid progression of the outbreak has led to a major global public health problem of a potentially fatal disease. On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the pandemic as the sixth public health emergency of the world. Upon this, the whole country has started to take the necessary precautions. The new coronavirus uses membrane‐bound angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter into the cells, such as SARS‐CoV, and mostly affects the respiratory tract. Symptoms of COVID‐19 patients include fever (93%), fatigue (70%), cough (70%), anorexia (40%) and dyspnoea (34.5%). The elderly and people with underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and higher mortality. Currently, a large number of drugs and vaccines studies are ongoing. In this review, we discussed the virology, epidemiological data, the replication of the virus, and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases on COVID‐19 pandemics, treatment and vaccines. Thereby, this study aims to neatly present scientific data in light of many regarding literature that can be a clue for readers who research this disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
| | - Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
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6
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Ozhan O, Parlakpinar H, Acet A. Comparison of the effects of losartan, captopril, angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21, and MAS receptor agonist AVE 0991 on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion necrosis in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:669-680. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onural Ozhan
- Department of Pharmacology Medicine School Inonu University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology Medicine School Inonu University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Ahmet Acet
- Department of Pharmacology Medicine School Inonu University Malatya 44280 Turkey
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Menikdiwela KR, Ramalingam L, Rasha F, Wang S, Dufour JM, Kalupahana NS, Sunahara KKS, Martins JO, Moustaid-Moussa N. Autophagy in metabolic syndrome: breaking the wheel by targeting the renin-angiotensin system. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32015340 PMCID: PMC6997396 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, emerging epidemic which disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of several organs, including liver, heart, pancreas, and adipose tissue. While studies have been conducted in these research areas, the pathogenesis and mechanisms of MetS remain debatable. Lines of evidence show that physiological systems, such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and autophagy play vital regulatory roles in MetS. RAS is a pivotal system known for controlling blood pressure and fluid balance, whereas autophagy is involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, including proteins. Although RAS is activated in MetS, the interrelationship between RAS and autophagy varies in glucose homeostatic organs and their cross talk is poorly understood. Interestingly, autophagy is attenuated in the liver during MetS, whereas autophagic activity is induced in adipose tissue during MetS, indicating tissue-specific discordant roles. We discuss in vivo and in vitro studies conducted in metabolic tissues and dissect their tissue-specific effects. Moreover, our review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy orchestrates MetS and the ways future treatments could target RAS in order to achieve metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Karen K S Sunahara
- Department of Experimental Physiopatholgy, Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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8
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Kilic A, Ustunova S, Usta C, Bulut H, Meral I, Demirci Tansel C, Gurel Gurevin E. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blocker PD123319 has more beneficial effects than losartan on ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative damage in isolated rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1124-1131. [PMID: 31361968 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to determine the effects of losartan and PD123319 in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated perfused rat heart. The study used 40 male Wistar albino rats that were grouped as Control, IR, and IR treatment groups that received losartan (20 mg/kg), PD123319 (20 mg/kg), and losartan+PD123319. The hearts were attached to Langendorff isolated heart system by employing in situ cannulation method, and cardiodynamic parameters were recorded during the experiment. At the end of experiment, hearts were retained for biochemical analysis and all data were statistically evaluated. A partial recovery of cardiodynamic parameters was observed in all treatment groups. A significant increase in oxidative stress parameters were seen in the IR group, whereas all treatment groups exhibited lower increase. Furthermore, levels of all antioxidant parameters were significantly lower in the IR group, but higher in the treatment groups. Effects on all parameters were much more remarkable in the PD123319 group. Levels of angiotensin II and renin were increased (P < 0.001) with IR application and decreased (P < 0.001) with the treatment of both antagonists. In conclusion, treatment of losartan and PD123319 played a cardioprotective role against IR injury, PD123319 being more effective in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savas Ustunova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Usta
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Istanbul University, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Meral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Demirci Tansel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gerena Y, Lozada JG, Collazo BJ, Méndez-Álvarez J, Méndez-Estrada J, De Mello WC. Losartan counteracts the effects of cardiomyocyte swelling on glucose uptake and insulin receptor substrate-1 levels. Peptides 2017; 96:38-43. [PMID: 28889965 PMCID: PMC5618797 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates an association between Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockers (ARBs) and enhanced glucose metabolism during ischemic heart disease. Despite these encouraging results, the mechanisms responsible for these effects during ischemia remain poorly understood. In this study we investigated the influence of losartan, an AT1 receptor blocker, and secreted Ang II (sAng II) on glucose uptake and insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) levels during cardiomyocyte swelling. H9c2 cells were differentiated to cardiac muscle and the levels of myogenin, Myosin Light Chain (MLC), and membrane AT1 receptors were measured using flow cytometry. Intracellular Ang II (iAng II) was overexpressed in differentiated cardiomyocytes and swelling was induced after incubation with hypotonic solution for 40min. Glucose uptake and IRS-1 levels were monitored by flow cytometry using 2-NBDG fluorescent glucose (10μM) or an anti-IRS-1 monoclonal antibody in the presence or absence of losartan (10-7M). Secreted Angiotensin II was quantified from the medium using a specific Ang II-EIA kit. To evaluate the relationship between sAng II and losartan effects on glucose uptake, transfected cells were pretreated with the drug for 24h and then exposed to hypotonic solution in the presence or absence of the secreted peptide. The results indicate that: (1) swelling of transfected cardiomyocytes decreased glucose uptake and induced the secretion of Ang II to the extracellular medium; (2) losartan antagonized the effects of swelling on glucose uptake and IRS-1 levels in transfected cardiomyocytes; (3) the effects of losartan on glucose uptake were observed during swelling only in the presence of sAng II in the culture medium. Our study demonstrates that both losartan and sAng II have essential roles in glucose metabolism during cardiomyocyte swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamil Gerena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Janice Griselle Lozada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Bryan Jael Collazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Jarold Méndez-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Jennifer Méndez-Estrada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Walmor C De Mello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
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Taskin E, Tuncer KA, Guven C, Kaya ST, Dursun N. Inhibition of Angiotensin-II Production Increases Susceptibility to Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Arrhythmia. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4587-4595. [PMID: 27889788 PMCID: PMC5142587 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion lead to impairment of electrolyte balance and, eventually, lethal arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) production on heart tissue with ischemia-reperfusion damage, arrhythmia, and oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups: only ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R), captopril (CAP), aliskiren (AL), and CAP+AL. The drugs were given by gavage 30 min before anesthesia. Blood pressure and electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded during MI/R procedures. The heart tissue and plasma was kept so as to evaluate the total oxidant (TOS), antioxidant status (TAS), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). RESULTS Creatine kinase-MB was not different among the groups. Although TAS was not affected by inhibition of Ang-II production, TOS was significantly lower in the CAP and/or AL groups than in the MI/R group. Furthermore, oxidative stress index was significantly attenuated in the CAP and/or AL groups. Captopril significantly increased the duration of VT during ischemia; however, it did not have any effect on the incidence of arrhythmias. During reperfusion periods, aliskiren and its combinations with captopril significantly reduced the incidence of other types of arrhythmias. Captopril alone had no effect on the incidence of arrhythmias, but significantly increased arrhythmias score and durations of arrhythmias during reperfusion. MAP and heart rate did not show changes in any groups during ischemic and reperfusion periods. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin-II production appears to be associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, but Ang-II inhibitions increases arrhythmia, mainly by initiating ventricular ectopic beats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Taskin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ali Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Celal Guven
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunc Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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11
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Effect of five lactic acid bacteria starter type on angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity and emulsifying properties of soy flour sourdoughs with and without wheat bran supplementation. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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DU Q, Hao C, Gou J, Li X, Zou K, He X, Li Z. Protective effects of p-nitro caffeic acid phenethyl ester on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1433-1440. [PMID: 27073461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes widespread cardiomyocyte dysfunction, including apoptosis and necrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the possible cardioprotective effects of p-nitro caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE-NO2) on myocardial IR-induced injury in vivo. To generate a rat model of myocardial IR, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The rats were administered either the sham treatment (the sham and IR control groups) or the therapeutic agents [the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and CAPE-NO2 groups] 10 min prior to the occlusion. Myocardial IR-induced injury is characterized by: A significant increase in the levels of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase; a marked increase in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression levels, lipid peroxidation products and inflammatory mediators; and a significant decrease in myocardial antioxidants, including catalase, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In the present study, pretreatment with CAPE-NO2 significantly ameliorated these changes, and decreased the infarct size, as compared with the IR control group (10.32±3.8 vs. 35.65±5.4%). Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that pretreatment with CAPE-NO2 downregulated the myocardial IR-induced protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, P38 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CAPE-NO2 also upregulated the myocardial IR-induced expression levels of Bcl-2, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that CAPE-NO2 demonstrated improved cardioprotective effects, as compared with CAPE; therefore, CAPE-NO2 may represent a novel approach to pharmacological cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin DU
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhi Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
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Kurlak LO, Mistry HD, Cindrova-Davies T, Burton GJ, Broughton Pipkin F. Human placental renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies at high altitude and after acute hypoxia-reoxygenation insult. J Physiol 2016; 594:1327-40. [PMID: 26574162 DOI: 10.1113/jp271045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A functioning placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) appears necessary for uncomplicated pregnancy and is present during placentation, which occurs under low oxygen tensions. Placental RAS is increased in pre-eclampsia (PE), characterised by placental dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of high altitude hypoxia on the RAS and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) by measuring mRNA and protein expression in term placentae from normotensive (NT) and PE women who delivered at sea level or above 3100 m, using an explant model of hypoxia-reoxygenation to assess the impact of acute oxidative stress on the RAS and HIFs. Protein levels of prorenin (P = 0.049), prorenin receptor (PRR; P = 0.0004), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R, P = 0.006) and type 2 receptor (AT2R, P = 0.002) were all significantly higher in placentae from NT women at altitude, despite mRNA expression being unaffected. However, mRNA expression of all RAS components was significantly lower in PE at altitude than at sea level, yet PRR, angiotensinogen (AGT) and AT1R proteins were all increased. The increase in transcript and protein expression of all the HIFs and NADPH oxidase 4 seen in PE compared to NT at sea level was blunted at high altitude. Experimentally induced oxidative stress stimulated AGT mRNA (P = 0.04) and protein (P = 0.025). AT1R (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) and AT2R (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) mRNA both significantly correlated with HIF-1β, whilst AT2R also correlated with HIF-1α (r = 0.512, P < 0.013). Our observations suggest that the placental RAS is responsive to changes in tissue oxygenation: this could be important in the interplay between reactive oxygen species as cell-signalling molecules for angiogenesis and hence placental development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesia O Kurlak
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hiten D Mistry
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Hypertension, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Broughton Pipkin
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Hardwick JC, Ryan SE, Powers EN, Southerland EM, Ardell JL. Angiotensin receptors alter myocardial infarction-induced remodeling of the guinea pig cardiac plexus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R179-88. [PMID: 25947168 PMCID: PMC4504959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00004.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurohumoral remodeling is fundamental to the evolution of heart disease. This study examined the effects of chronic treatment with an ACE inhibitor (captopril, 3 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), AT1 receptor antagonist (losartan, 3 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), or AT2 receptor agonist (CGP42112A, 0.14 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) on remodeling of the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac plexus following chronic myocardial infarction (MI). MI was surgically induced and animals recovered for 6 or 7 wk, with or without drug treatment. Intracellular voltage recordings from whole mounts of the cardiac plexus were used to monitor changes in neuronal responses to norepinephrine (NE), muscarinic agonists (bethanechol), or ANG II. MI produced an increase in neuronal excitability with NE and a loss of sensitivity to ANG II. MI animals treated with captopril exhibited increased neuronal excitability with NE application, while MI animals treated with CGP42112A did not. Losartan treatment of MI animals did not alter excitability with NE compared with untreated MIs, but these animals did show an enhanced synaptic efficacy. This effect on synaptic function was likely due to presynaptic AT1 receptors, since ANG II was able to reduce output to nerve fiber stimulation in control animals, and this effect was prevented by inclusion of losartan in the bath solution. Analysis of AT receptor expression by Western blot showed a decrease in both AT1 and AT2 receptors with MI that was reversed by all three drug treatments. These data indicate that neuronal remodeling of the guinea pig cardiac plexus following MI is mediated, in part, by activation of both AT1 and AT2 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electric Stimulation
- Evoked Potentials
- Guinea Pigs
- Heart/innervation
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects
- Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/drug effects
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Presynaptic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Presynaptic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E Marie Southerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Neurocardiology Research Center of Excellence, Los Angeles, California; and UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Song MA, Dasgupta C, Zhang L. Chronic Losartan Treatment Up-Regulates AT1R and Increases the Heart Vulnerability to Acute Onset of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Male Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132712. [PMID: 26168042 PMCID: PMC4500443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is an important therapy in the management of hypertension, particularly in the immediate post-myocardial infarction period. Yet, the role of AT1R in the acute onset of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury still remains controversial. Thus, the present study determined the effects of chronic losartan treatment on heart ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Losartan (10 mg/kg/day) was administered to six-month-old male rats via an osmotic pump for 14 days and hearts were then isolated and were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury in a Langendorff preparation. Losartan significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure. However, heart weight, left ventricle to body weight ratio and baseline cardiac function were not significantly altered by the losartan treatment. Of interest, chronic in vivo losartan treatment significantly increased ischemia-induced myocardial injury and decreased post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular function. This was associated with significant increases in AT1R and PKCδ expression in the left ventricle. In contrast, AT2R and PKCε were not altered. Furthermore, losartan treatment significantly increased microRNA (miR)-1, -15b, -92a, -133a, -133b, -210, and -499 expression but decreased miR-21 in the left ventricle. Of importance, addition of losartan to isolated heart preparations blocked the effect of increased ischemic-injury induced by in vivo chronic losartan treatment. The results demonstrate that chronic losartan treatment up-regulates AT1R/PKCδ and alters miR expression patterns in the heart, leading to increased cardiac vulnerability to ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo A. Song
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
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16
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RETRACTED: Dual ACE-inhibition and angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonism with curcumin attenuate maladaptive cardiac repair and improve ventricular systolic function after myocardial infarctionin rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 746:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Yoon AH, Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and ischemic myocardial injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:417-25. [PMID: 24607763 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414524482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events and patient death. Many animal and clinical studies are now being conducted exploring the potential of antidiabetic drugs such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors to improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review summarizes the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models. The DPP-IV inhibitors prevent the rapid degradation and inactivation of incretins and lead to the accumulation of GLP-1 and other chemokines and cytokines, which appear to have both GLP-1 receptor-dependent and -independent cardioprotective, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Conflicting results, however, have been reported regarding the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on infarct size in nondiabetic and diabetic animal models. Some studies suggest that DPP-IV inhibitors given as part of preconditioning can decrease infarct size while others found no difference in infarct size compared to placebo. As postconditioning, one study suggested it does provide cardioprotection. No clinical trials have yet been conducted addressing the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on infarct size. Thus far, clinical trials have not demonstrated improvement in cardiovascular events or mortality from any cause in high cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetic patients with the use of DPP-IV inhibitors. Although further experiments and clinical trials will be warranted to confirm the results of these studies, the myocardial protection afforded by DPP-IV inhibitors in preclinical animal studies poses a potential breakthrough role for antidiabetic medications in attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury that occurs with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Yang XX, Chang RM, Yue Y, Li XN. Cardiac Muscle/Cell Membrane Chromatography-Offline-Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method to Identify Bioactive Components from Traditional Chinese Medicines. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.762585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Zeng XC, Li XS, Wen H. Telmisartan protects against microvascular dysfunction during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:39. [PMID: 23738781 PMCID: PMC3679831 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the potential of telmisartan to improve microvascular dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) pathway. Methods Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly allocated into sham-operated, I/R, GW9662, telmisartan, telmisartan–GW9662, or candesartan groups. Rabbits were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 60 minutes. Following reperfusion for 6 hours, angiotensin II content of the heart was determined using radioimmunoassay. Myocardial neutrophil accumulation and microvessel cross-sectional area were examined histologically. Myocardial capillaries were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the myocardium were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was utilized for investigating the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and PPARG. Results Angiotensin II concentration was significantly increased in all treatment groups compared with the sham-operated group (P < 0.05, all). Accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was significantly lower, while microvessel cross-sectional area was significantly higher in the telmisartan, telmisartan-GW9662, and candesartan groups compared with the I/R group (P < 0.05). ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were also significantly lower, and correlated with lower NF-κB expression in these groups. The effects were the most significant in the telmisartan group compared with the telmisartan–GW9662 and candesartan groups. Telmisartan significantly increased PPARG protein expression compared with all other groups (P < 0.05, all). Conclusions Except for the typical effects of angiotensin II-receptor blocker, telmisartan improved microvascular dysfunction during myocardial I/R injury via the PPARG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
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20
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Granado M, Fernández N, Monge L, Figueras JC, Carreño-Tarragona G, Amor S, García-Villalón AL. Effects of coronary ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model of early overnutrition. Role of angiotensin receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54984. [PMID: 23383303 PMCID: PMC3562319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity during childhood has dramatically increased worldwide in the last decades. Environmental factors acting early in life, including nutrition, play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Aims To analyze the effects of early overfeeding on the heart and coronary circulation, the effect of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were studied in isolated hearts from control and overfed rats during lactation. Methods and Results On the day of birth litters were adjusted to twelve pups per mother (control) or to three pups per mother (overfed). At weaning (21 days) the rats were killed and the heart perfused in a Langendorff system and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion. The contractility (left developed intraventricular pressure) was lower in the hearts from overfed rats, and was reduced by I/R in hearts from control but not from overfed rats. I/R also reduced the coronary vasoconstriction to angiotensin II more in hearts from control than from overfed rats, and the vasodilatation to bradykinin similarly in both experimental groups. The expression of both angiotensin AGTRa and AGTR2 receptors was increased in the myocardium of overfed rats, and I/R increased the expression of both receptors in control rats but reduced it in overfed rats. The expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers was increased in hearts of overfed rats compared with control, and further increased by I/R. Conclusions These results suggest that both overfeeding and I/R impair cardiac and coronary function due, at least in part, to activation of the angiotensin pathway. However, overfeeding may reduce the impairment of ventricular contractility by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Granado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Monge
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Figueras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Amor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Kocsis GF, Sárközy M, Bencsik P, Pipicz M, Varga ZV, Pálóczi J, Csonka C, Ferdinandy P, Csont T. Preconditioning protects the heart in a prolonged uremic condition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1229-36. [PMID: 22982778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes attenuate the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. In the present study, we examined whether another metabolic disease, prolonged uremia, affects ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. Uremia was induced by partial nephrectomy in male Wistar rats. The development of uremia was verified 29 wk after surgery. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to monitor cardiac function. At week 30, hearts of nephrectomized and sham-operated rats were isolated and subjected to a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion with or without preceding preconditioning induced by three intermittent cycles of brief ischemia and reperfusion. In nephrectomized rats, plasma uric acid, carbamide, and creatinine as well as urine protein levels were increased as compared with sham-operated controls. Systolic anterior and septal wall thicknesses were increased in nephrectomized rats, suggesting the development of a minimal cardiac hypertrophy. Ejection fraction was decreased and isovolumic relaxation time was shortened in nephrectomized rats demonstrating a mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Infarct size was not affected significantly by nephrectomy itself. Ischemic preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size from 24.8 ± 5.2% to 6.6 ± 1.3% in the sham-operated group and also in the uremic group from 35.4 ± 9.5% to 11.9 ± 3.1% of the area at risk. Plasma ANG II and nitrotyrosine were significantly increased in the uremic rats. We conclude that although prolonged experimental uremia leads to severe metabolic changes and the development of a mild myocardial dysfunction, the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is still preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella F Kocsis
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Van der Mieren G, Nevelsteen I, Vanderper A, Oosterlinck W, Flameng W, Herijgers P. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and food restriction in diabetic mice do not correct the increased sensitivity for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:89. [PMID: 22853195 PMCID: PMC3444392 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome reaches epidemic proportions. On top of their diabetic cardiomyopathy, these patients experience frequent and severe cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) insults, which further aggravate their degree of heart failure. Food restriction and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) are standard therapies in these patients but the effects on cardiac IR injury have never been investigated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 1° food restriction and 2° ACE-I reduce infarct size and preserve cardiac contractility after IR injury in mouse models of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Methods C57Bl6/J wild type (WT) mice, leptin deficient ob/ob (model for type II diabetes) and double knock-out (LDLR-/-;ob/ob, further called DKO) mice with combined leptin and LDL-receptor deficiency (model for metabolic syndrome) were used. The effects of 12 weeks food restriction or ACE-I on infarct size and load-independent left ventricular contractility after 30 min regional cardiac ischemia were investigated. Differences between groups were analyzed for statistical significance by Student’s t-test or factorial ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Results Infarct size was larger in ob/ob and DKO versus WT. Twelve weeks of ACE-I improved pre-ischemic left ventricular contractility in ob/ob and DKO. Twelve weeks of food restriction, with a weight reduction of 35-40%, or ACE-I did not reduce the effect of IR. Conclusion ACE-I and food restriction do not correct the increased sensitivity for cardiac IR-injury in mouse models of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Van der Mieren
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Experimental Cardiac Surgery, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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