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Huang J, Zhang X, Xu H, Fu L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Huang J, Song Z, Zhu M, Fu YX, Chen YG, Guo X. Intraepithelial lymphocytes promote intestinal regeneration through CD160/HVEM signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:257-271. [PMID: 38340986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy frequently lead to intestinal damage. The mechanisms governing the repair or regeneration of intestinal damage are still not fully elucidated. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are the primary immune cells residing in the intestinal epithelial layer. However, whether IELs are involved in intestinal epithelial injury repair remains unclear. Here, we found that IELs rapidly infiltrated the intestinal crypt region and are crucial for the recovery of the intestinal epithelium post-chemotherapy. Interestingly, IELs predominantly promoted intestinal regeneration by modulating the proliferation of transit-amplifying (TA) cells. Mechanistically, the expression of CD160 on IELs allows for interaction with herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on the intestinal epithelium, thereby activating downstream nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) signaling and further promoting intestinal regeneration. Deficiency in either CD160 or HVEM resulted in reduced proliferation of intestinal progenitor cells, impaired intestinal damage repair, and increased mortality following chemotherapy. Remarkably, the adoptive transfer of CD160-sufficient IELs rescued the Rag1 deficient mice from chemotherapy-induced intestinal inflammation. Overall, our study underscores the critical role of IELs in intestinal regeneration and highlights the potential applications of targeting the CD160-HVEM axis for managing intestinal adverse events post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Xu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuhui Fu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jida Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuodong Song
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Cartwright BM, Corso JN, Lightner J, Whitted C, Torrenegra RD, Krishnan K, Palau VE. Achyrocline B (3,5 dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone) synergizes with 5-fluorouracil allowing for dose reduction and reduced off-target toxicity in the treatment of colonic and pancreatic cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115546. [PMID: 37741250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgically unresectable colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas have a high rate of mortality as current therapeutic options are limited. One common chemotherapeutic used to broadly treat both cancers is 5-flurouracil (5-Fu); however, treatment serves only to slow progression of the disease and comes with many side effects due to 5-Fu's intrinsic toxicity. Thus, strategies to decrease the dose of 5-Fu utilized therapeutically as well as reduce 5-Fu's off-target toxicity are paramount. Using cell models of colorectal and pancreatic cancers, we show that cotreatment with Achyrocline B (3,5 dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, AcB), a natural flavone from Achyrocline bogotensis, allows for four-fold reduction in 5-Fu dosage without loss of efficacy. We further show that the action of AcB is due to continued cell cycle progression despite 5-Fu pressure to synchronize at the G1/S threshold. In addition to AcB's effect on cancer cells, we found that AcB can directly reduce toxicity of 5-Fu in cells mimicking non-cancerous tissues. These in vitro results are then supported by xenograft modeling. AcB was shown to increase apoptosis in tumors leading to degeneration of the outer tumoral boundary. Furthermore, in 5-Fu treated animals it was found that AcB provided protection to the intestinal tract as indicated by preserved histological and immunohistochemical features. These results show promise for a new adjuvant therapy for colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas that not only reduces tumor progression, but more importantly has the potential to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States; Department of Pathology, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Jaclyn N Corso
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Janet Lightner
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Crystal Whitted
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Ruben D Torrenegra
- Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Koyamangalath Krishnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States
| | - Victoria E Palau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States; Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia.
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3
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Vera G, López-Gómez L, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Nurgali K, Abalo R, Uranga JA. Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14430. [PMID: 37833878 PMCID: PMC10572311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on neuropathic and visceral pain induced by a non-diarrheagenic dose of 5-FU. Male Wistar rats received a dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and gastrointestinal motility, colonic sensitivity, gut wall structure and tactile sensitivity were evaluated. WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) was administered to evaluate its effect on somatic (50-100 µg ipl; 1 mg/kg, ip) and visceral (1 mg/kg, ip) sensitivity. The cannabinoid tetrad was used to assess the central effects of WIN (1 mg/kg, ip). 5-FU decreased food intake and body weight gain, produced mucositis and thermal hyperalgesia, but these effects were reduced afterwards, and were not accompanied by diarrhea. Tactile mechanical allodynia was also evident and persisted for 15 days. Interestingly, it was alleviated by WIN. 5-FU tended to increase colonic sensitivity whereas WIN reduced the abdominal contractions induced by increasing intracolonic pressure in both control and 5-FU-treated animals. Importantly, the alleviating effects of WIN against those induced by 5-FU were not accompanied by any effect in the cannabinoid tetrad. The activation of the peripheral cannabinoid system may be useful to alleviate neuropathic and visceral pain associated with antitumoral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
- Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (G.V.); (L.L.-G.); (R.G.); (M.I.M.-F.); (J.A.U.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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da Silva KS, Abboud KY, Schiebel CS, de Oliveira NMT, Bueno LR, de Mello Braga LLV, da Silveira BC, Santos IWFD, Gomes EDS, Gois MB, Cordeiro LMC, Maria Ferreira D. Polysaccharides from Passion Fruit Peels: From an Agroindustrial By-Product to a Viable Option for 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:912. [PMID: 37513823 PMCID: PMC10383750 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious and dose-limiting toxic side effect of oncologic treatment. Interruption of cancer treatment due to gastrointestinal mucositis leads to a significant decrease in cure rates and consequently to the deterioration of a patient's quality of life. Natural polysaccharides show a variety of beneficial effects, including a gastroprotective effect. Treatment with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) biomass residues protected the gastric and intestinal mucosa in models of gastrointestinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective therapeutic effect of SDF on 5-FU-induced mucositis in male and female mice. Oral treatment of the animals with SDF did not prevent weight loss but reduced the disease activity index and preserved normal intestinal function by alleviating diarrhea and altered gastrointestinal transit. SDF preserved the length of the colon and histological damage caused by 5-FU. SDF significantly restored the oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and the enlargement and swelling of the spleen induced by 5-FU. In conclusion, SDF may be a promising adjuvant strategy for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Sauruk da Silva
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva Schiebel
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Regis Bueno
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carla da Silveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Isabella Wzorek França Dos Santos
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Everton Dos Santos Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Maria Ferreira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba 80250-200, Brazil
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Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga L, Simão G, Silva Schiebel C, Caroline Dos Santos Maia A, Mulinari Turin de Oliveira N, Barbosa da Luz B, Rita Corso C, Soares Fernandes E, Maria Ferreira D. Rodent models for anticancer toxicity studies: contributions to drug development and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2023:103626. [PMID: 37224998 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antineoplastic treatment induces a type of gastrointestinal toxicity known as mucositis. Findings in animal models are usually easily reproducible, and standardized treatment regimens are often used, thus supporting translational science. Essential characteristics of mucositis, including intestinal permeability, inflammation, immune and oxidative responses, and tissue repair mechanisms, can be easily investigated in these models. Given the effects of mucositis on the quality of life of patients with cancer, and the importance of experimental models in the development of more effective new therapeutic alternatives, this review discusses progress and current challenges in using experimental models of mucositis in translational pharmacology research. Teaser Experimental models for studying gastrointestinal mucositis have provided a wealth of information improving the understanding of antineoplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva Schiebel
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Caroline Dos Santos Maia
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa da Luz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Soares Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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6
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Trontzas IP, Rapti VE, Syrigos NK, Gomatou G, Lagou S, Kanellis G, Kotteas EA. Capecitabine-associated enterocolitis: Narrative literature review of a rare adverse event and a case presentation. J Chemother 2023; 35:63-71. [PMID: 35014596 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.2025316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Capecitabine is an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug with antimetabolite activity commonly used in advanced colorectal and breast cancer. It presents with a generally good toxicity profile and most of the adverse events can be managed effectively. Enterocolitis is a rare, under-reported, but potentially fatal adverse event associated with capecitabine use. To the best of our knowledge, there are 21 cases of capecitabine-related enterocolitis reported in the literature. We herein present a narrative literature review of enteritis/colitis cases associated with capecitabine use, with highlight to the most common clinical presentation, common imaging and microscopic findings and management approach. We furthermore present a case of severe capecitabine-related enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Trontzas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki E Rapti
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos K Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Lagou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kanellis
- Hematopathology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias A Kotteas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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7
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Mohammed AI, Celentano A, Paolini R, Low JT, McCullough MJ, O' Reilly LA, Cirillo N. Characterization of a novel dual murine model of chemotherapy-induced oral and intestinal mucositis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1396. [PMID: 36697446 PMCID: PMC9876945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and intestinal mucositis are debilitating inflammatory diseases observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. These are devastating clinical conditions which often lead to treatment disruption affecting underlying malignancy management. Although alimentary tract mucositis involves the entire gastrointestinal tract, oral and intestinal mucositis are often studied independently utilizing distinct organ-specific pre-clinical models. This approach has however hindered the development of potentially effective whole-patient treatment strategies. We now characterize a murine model of alimentary tract mucositis using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice were given 5-FU intravenously (50 mg/kg) or saline every 48 h for 2 weeks. Post initial injection, mice were monitored clinically for weight loss and diarrhea. The incidence and extent of oral mucositis was assessed macroscopically. Microscopical and histomorphometric analyses of the tongue and intestinal tissues were conducted at 3 interim time points during the experimental period. Repeated 5-FU treatment caused severe oral and intestinal atrophy, including morphological damage, accompanied by body weight loss and mild to moderate diarrhea in up to 77.8% of mice. Oral mucositis was clinically evident throughout the observation period in 88.98% of mice. Toluidine blue staining of the tongue revealed that the ulcer size peaked at day-14. In summary, we have developed a model reproducing the clinical and histologic features of both oral and intestinal mucositis, which may represent a useful in vivo pre-clinical model for the study of chemotherapy-induced alimentary tract mucositis and the development of preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Mohammed
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,College of Dentistry, The University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O' Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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8
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Américo MF, Freitas ADS, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, Campos GM, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Assis R, Ferreira Ê, Mancha-Agresti P, Laguna JG, Chatel JM, Carvalho RDDO, Azevedo V. Growth differentiation factor 11 delivered by dairy Lactococcus lactis strains modulates inflammation and prevents mucosal damage in a mice model of intestinal mucositis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157544. [PMID: 37138633 PMCID: PMC10149842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa that debilitate the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments. In this context, antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, provokes ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB pathway. Alternative approaches to treat the disease using probiotic strains show promising results, and thereafter, treatments that target the site of inflammation could be further explored. Recently, studies reported that the protein GDF11 has an anti-inflammatory role in several diseases, including in vitro and in vivo results in different experimental models. Hence, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of GDF11 delivered by Lactococcus lactis strains NCDO2118 and MG1363 in a murine model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Our results showed that mice treated with the recombinant lactococci strains presented improved histopathological scores of intestinal damage and a reduction of goblet cell degeneration in the mucosa. It was also observed a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration in the tissue in comparison to positive control group. Moreover, we observed immunomodulation of inflammatory markers Nfkb1, Nlrp3, Tnf, and upregulation of Il10 in mRNA expression levels in groups treated with recombinant strains that help to partially explain the ameliorative effect in the mucosa. Therefore, the results found in this study suggest that the use of recombinant L. lactis (pExu:gdf11) could offer a potential gene therapy for intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Cristina Viegas Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Assis
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vasco Azevedo,
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Liao YF, Luo FL, Tang SS, Huang JW, Yang Y, Wang S, Jiang TY, Man Q, Liu S, Wu YY. Network analysis and experimental pharmacology study explore the protective effects of Isoliquiritigenin on 5-fluorouracil-Induced intestinal mucositis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014160. [PMID: 36278232 PMCID: PMC9582754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs for malignant tumors. However, intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU is a severe dose-limiting toxic effect and even leads to treatment interruption. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is one of the main active compounds of licorice, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases. It is speculated that ISL have protective effects on intestinal mucositis. However, no such studies have been reported. Therefore, to investigate the impact of ISL on 5-Fu-induced intestinal mucositis, a strategy based on network prediction and pharmacological experimental validation was proposed in this study. Firstly, the targets and mechanism of ISL in alleviating 5-Fu-induced gastrointestinal toxicity were predicted by network analysis. And the results were further confirmed by molecular docking. Then, a mouse model of intestinal mucositis was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (384 μmol/kg) to verify the prediction of network analysis. The network analysis results suggested that PTGS2 (Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2) and NOS2 (Nitric oxide synthase, inducible) might be the critical targets of ISL for reducing the intestinal toxicity of 5-FU. In addition, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the HIF-1, TNF, MAPK, IL-17, PI3K-Akt, Ras, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and biological processes of the inflammatory response, apoptosis regulation, NO production and NF-kappa B transcription factor activity might be involved in the mechanism of ISL against intestinal mucositis. Subsequent animal experiments showed that ISL could reduce the weight loss, leukopenia and mucosal damage caused by 5-FU. Compared with the intestinal mucositis model, the protein expressions of PTGS2, NOS2, TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and NF-κB p65 (nuclear factor kappa-B P65) were decreased after ISL treatment. In conclusion, this study is the fist time to find that ISL can attenuate 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Its anti-mucositis effect may be through regulating TNF/NF-κB pathway and inhibiting inflammatory mediators PTGS2 and NOS2. It will provide a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-fan Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan-shan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tang-yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Man
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-ying Wu, ; Qiong Man, ; Sha Liu,
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-ying Wu, ; Qiong Man, ; Sha Liu,
| | - Yi-ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Study on the Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drug in Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-ying Wu, ; Qiong Man, ; Sha Liu,
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Alhoshani NM, Al-Johani NS, Alkeraishan N, Alarifi S, Alkahtani S. Effect of lycopene as an adjuvant therapy with 5-florouracil in human colon cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103392. [PMID: 35957702 PMCID: PMC9358465 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is among the most frequent human cancers. Although, there is improvement in diagnostic techniques and existing treatment possibilities. Still, there is an unmet need for a novel treatment regimen that will improve the patient's quality of life. Here, the role of lycopene as an adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was explored in Caco2 colon cancer cells. Cells were exposed to a dose (3 µg/ml) of 5-FU and three doses (60, 90, 120 µg/ml) of lycopene either alone or as a mixture with 5-FU. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, gene expression, and apoptotic parameters were investigated in this study. Findings showed that 5-FU or lycopene alone induced a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity which was slightly reduced in lycopene mixtures. Apoptotic assays showed that 5-FU induced a significant level of apoptosis but not necrosis. However, a lycopene mixture with 5-FU enhanced 5-FU triggered apoptosis and promoted necrosis. The mixtures were also shown to suppress mitochondrial membrane potential while gene expression analyses showed the induction of Bax expression upon exposure to mix 90 exhibited the highest Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 and 9 gene expression. Furthermore, the mixture treatment also inhibited cell migration in the wound healing assay compared to 5-FU alone. In conclusion, lycopene was found to sensitize Caco 2 cell lines to 5-FU treatment by inducing the expression of apoptotic genes. This, coupled with lycopene suppression of cytotoxicity and cell migration, indicates lycopene may be a promising candidate for adjuvant therapy involving 5-FU in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M. Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S. Al-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkeraishan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Chen KJ, Huang YL, Kuo LM, Chen YT, Hung CF, Hsieh PW. Protective role of casuarinin from Melastoma malabathricum against a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis: Impact on inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154092. [PMID: 35430483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis (FUIIM) is a common gastrointestinal side effect of chemotherapy, leading to gastric pain in clinical cancer patients. In a previous study, we demonstrated that neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitors could alleviate FUIIM and manipulate the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. The root of Melastoma malabathricum, also called Ye-Mu-Dan, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal disease. Water extract of the roots of M. malabathricum exhibits an inhibitory effect on NE, with an IC50 value of 9.13 μg/ml. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to isolate an anti-NE compound from the root of M. malabathricum and to determine the protective effect of the bioactive component on a mouse model of FUIIM with respect to tissue damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. METHODS A water extract of the roots of M. malabathricum was prepared and its major bioactive compound, was identified using bioactivity-guided fractionation. The effects of samples on the inhibition of NE activity were evaluated using enzymatic assays. To evaluate the effects of the bioactive compound in an FUIIM animal model, male C57BL/6 mice treated with or without casuarinin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and then received of 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 5 days to induce FUIIM. Histopathological staining was used to monitor the tissue damage, proliferation of intestinal crypts, and expression of tight junction proteins. The inflammation score was estimated by determining the levels of oxidative stress, neutrophil-related proteases, and proinflammatory cytokines in tissue and serum. The ecology of the gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Casuarinin had the most potent and selective effect against NE, with an IC50 value of 2.79 ± 0.07 μM. Casuarinin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly improved 5-FU-induced body weight loss together with food intake reduction, and it also significantly reversed villus atrophy, restored the proliferative activity of the intestinal crypts, and suppressed inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the mouse model of FUIIM. Casuarinin also reversed 5-FU-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, particularly the abundance of Actinobacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus, and Lactobacillus murinus, and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. CONCLUSION This study firstly showed that casuarinin isolated from the root part of M. malabathricum could be used as a NE inhibitor, whereas it could improve FUIIM by modulating inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In summary, exploring anti-NE natural product may provide a way to find candidate for improvement of FUIIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Exercise and Prebiotic Fiber Provide Gut Microbiota-Driven Benefit in a Survivor to Germ-Free Mouse Translational Model of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112722. [PMID: 35681702 PMCID: PMC9179252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In recent years, the community of microbes that inhabit the intestinal tract, called the gut microbiota, has been shown to influence patient response to several cancer therapies. On the other hand, treatments such as chemotherapy can disrupt the resident gut microbiota and potentially contribute to poor health outcomes. Strategies to improve the composition of the gut microbiota include dietary and exercise interventions. While diet and exercise are already established as important for breast cancer prevention, during treatment, and for reducing recurrence, little is known about the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota in the context of breast cancer. Therefore, our aim was to examine the impact of exercise and diet on the gut microbiota in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that exercise and prebiotic fiber supplementation may provide benefits to individuals with breast cancer through advantageous gut microbial changes. Our findings of a potential adjuvant of exercise and prebiotics should inspire further mechanistic and clinical investigations. Abstract The gut microbiota plays a role in shaping overall host health and response to several cancer treatments. Factors, such as diet, exercise, and chemotherapy, can alter the gut microbiota. In the present study, the Alberta Cancer Exercise (ACE) program was investigated as a strategy to favorably modify the gut microbiota of breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy. Subsequently, the ability of post-exercise gut microbiota, alone or with prebiotic fiber supplementation, to influence breast cancer outcomes was interrogated using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in germ-free mice. While cancer survivors experienced little gut microbial change following ACE, in the mice, tumor volume trended consistently lower over time in mice colonized with post-exercise compared to pre-exercise microbiota with significant differences on days 16 and 22. Beta diversity analysis revealed that EO771 breast tumor cell injection and Paclitaxel chemotherapy altered the gut microbial communities in mice. Enrichment of potentially protective microbes was found in post-exercise microbiota groups. Tumors of mice colonized with post-exercise microbiota exhibited more favorable cytokine profiles, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Beneficial microbial and molecular outcomes were augmented with prebiotic supplementation. Exercise and prebiotic fiber demonstrated adjuvant action, potentially via an enhanced anti-tumor immune response modulated by advantageous gut microbial shifts.
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Al-Khrashi LA, Badr AM, Al-Amin MA, Mahran YF. Thymol ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis: Evidence of down-regulatory effect on TGF-β/MAPK pathways through NF-κB. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22932. [PMID: 34665902 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a front-line cytotoxic therapy. However, intestinal mucositis is a well-known adverse event of 5-FU, which limits its therapeutic use. Indeed, thymol, which is a monoterpene component of the essential oil derived from thymus, has a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential chemoprotective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Rats were either exposed to two doses of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and/or treated with thymol (60 or 120 mg/kg). Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as pathological changes, were assessed. 5-FU-induced severe intestinal damages as were evidenced by histopathological changes as well as oxidative and inflammatory responses. Thymol pretreatment inhibited 5-FU-induced oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing intestinal levels of antioxidant systems. Moreover, inflammatory response markers, such as interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and COX-2 were also improved. The immunoblotting analysis also showed that thymol significantly inhibited the 5-FU-induced expression of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), in addition to the suppression of p38 and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins' expressions. Our study is the first to demonstrate the promising protective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory pathways, and suppression of TGF-β/p38/p-JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Al-Khrashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmen F Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Maioli TU, Trindade LM, Souza A, Torres L, Andrade MER, Cardoso VN, Generoso SV. Non-pharmacologic strategies for the management of intestinal inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112414. [PMID: 34808552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and mucositis are characterized by intestinal inflammation, but vary according to their pathological mechanisms, severity, location, and etiology. Significant intestinal inflammation that occurs in these diseases induces weight loss, nutritional depletion, and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Nutritional support is important in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. In this review, we summarize some nutritional components used to manage intestinal disorders. These include fatty acids, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and low FODMAP (LFD) diets. These components and LFD diets have been studied and clinical trials have been designed to develop new strategies to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve the quality of life. Clinical trials on their use in intestinal inflammation do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn mainly because of the heterogeneity of the dose used and the study design or their inconclusive results. However, in the majority of cases, the use of omega-3, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and LFD improve the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lícia Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Vasconcelos Generoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Guimarães PPG, Viana CTR, Pereira LX, Gontijo SML, Campos PP, Andrade SP, Santos RAS, Sinisterra RD. Sulfonamide-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles For Enhanced In Vivo Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:676-685. [PMID: 34325632 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210729110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a conventional and most effective drug used in the clinic for the treatment of CRC. However, the clinical use of 5-FU is limited due to the acquired resistance and systemic toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointesti-nal toxicity. OBJECTIVE Recent advances in nanomedicine are being exploited to develop nanoparticle platforms to overcome resistance and therapeutic delivery of active molecules. Here, we develop 5-FU loaded sulfadiazine-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (SUL-PLGA NPs) to be applied in the colorectal cancer model. METHODS We assessed the in vivo efficacy of the SUL-PLGA NPs to enhance the antitumor effect of 5-FU. RESULTS In vivo treatment with 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs significantly reduced tumor growth in a colon cancer xen-ograft model compared to free 5-FU and 5-FU loaded non-targeted NPs. Treatment with 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs also increased blood vessel diameters within tumors, which could act in conjunction to enhance antitumor effi-cacy. In addition, 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs significantly reduced liver mass and lung mass, which are the most common metastasis sites of CRC, and decreased liver hepatotoxicity compared to free 5-FU drug and 5-FU loaded non-targeted NPs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the use of 5-FU-SUL-PLGA NPs is a promising strategy to enhance 5-FU efficacy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
| | - Celso Tarso Rodrigues Viana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
| | - Luciana Xavier Pereira
- Nursing Department, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa - Bom Sucesso, CEP 57309-005, Arapiraca - AL. Brazil
| | - Savio Morato Lacerda Gontijo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte-MG. Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
| | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
| | - Rubén D Sinisterra
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG. Brazil
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Coutinho JOPA, Quintanilha MF, Campos MRA, Ferreira E, de Menezes GCA, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Nicoli JR, Tiago FCP, Martins FS. Antarctic Strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 Attenuates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:486-500. [PMID: 34255281 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most strenuous side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), during the treatment of several types of cancers. The disease is so prevalent and aggressive that many patients cannot resist such symptoms. However, despite its frequency and clinical significance, there is no effective treatment to prevent or treat mucositis. Thus, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant for the treatment has gained prominence. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral administration of the Antarctic strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 as an alternative to minimize side effects of 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. Body weight, food consumption, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces were assessed daily in mice orally treated or not with the yeast and submitted or not to experimental mucositis. Blood, bones, and intestinal tissues and fluid were used to determine intestinal permeability and immunological, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 was able to decrease clinical signs of the disease, such as reduction of food intake and body weight loss, and also decreased the number of intestinal enterobacteria and intestinal length shortening. Additionally, treatment was able to decrease the levels of MPO and EPO activities and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the histopathological lesions characteristic of mucositis in the jejunum and ileum. Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O P A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graciéle C A de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Tiago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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Arib C, Liu H, Liu Q, Cieutat AM, Paleni D, Li X, Spadavecchia J. A Pegylated Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide PEG Complex to Boost Immunogenic and Therapeutic Effects in a Liver Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:405-416. [PMID: 33912380 PMCID: PMC8077970 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.59290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is engaged in several metabolic diseases. Its main role is being a cofactor essential for the activity of many flavoproteins, which play a crucial role in electron transport pathways in living systems. The aim of this study was to apply a pegylated flavins formulation named FAD-PEG diacide complex as theranostic pathway in cancer therapy. For this purpose, a mouse liver cancer model induced by Hepa1-6 cells was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of FAD (named NP1) and FAD-PEG diacide complex (named NP2). The cytokines were applied to screen the serum inflammatory factors, to establish the blood cell content of different groups of nude mice. The highlights follows that FAD formulations (NP1; NP2) significantly suppressed the tumor growth and reduced the tumor index without effects on the body weight of mice. Furthermore, NP2 significantly reduced the serum levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 (P70). The reported results provide the proof-of-concept for the synthesis of a smart adjuvant for liver cancer therapy and support their further development in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Arib
- CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqian Liu
- CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cieutat
- CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Didier Paleni
- BioEVEN start-up, 75 rue de Lourmel 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Chen KJ, Chen YL, Ueng SH, Hwang TL, Kuo LM, Hsieh PW. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MPH-966) improves intestinal mucosal damage and gut microbiota in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111152. [PMID: 33373916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. However, 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis (FUIIM) is a common adverse effect that severely impairs drug tolerance and results in poor patient health. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were given 5-FU (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and treated with MPH-966 (5 and 7.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for five days. The body weight loss and the amount of food intake, and histopathological findings were recorded and analyzed. In addition, the neutrophil infiltration, levels of neutrophil serine proteases and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction proteins expression in intestinal tissues were determined. The ecology of gut microbiota was performed through next-generation sequencing technologies. RESULTS Neutrophil elastase (NE) overexpression is a key feature in FUIIM. This study showed that treatment with the specific NE inhibitor MPH-966 (7.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly reversed 5-FU-induced loss in body weight and food intake; reversed villous atrophy; significantly suppressed myeloperoxidase, NE, and proteinase 3 activity; and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in an FUIIM mouse model. In addition, MPH-966 prevented 5-FU-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, as indicated by the modulated expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludin-1 and occludin. MPH-966 also reversed 5-FU-induced changes in gut microbiota diversity and abundances, specifically the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio; Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Eggerthellaceae abundances at the family level; and Candidatus Arthromitus abundance at the genus level. CONCLUSION These data indicate that NE inhibitor is a key treatment candidate to alleviate FUIIM by regulating abnormal inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 613, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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19
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Hu JN, Yang JY, Jiang S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Hou JG, Gong XJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Panax quinquefolium saponins protect against cisplatin evoked intestinal injury via ROS-mediated multiple mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153446. [PMID: 33387967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is one of the most common chemotherapeutic drugs. Cisplatin-induced toxicity gives rise to gastrointestinal cell damage, subsequent diarrhea and vomiting, leading to the discontinuation of its clinical application in long-term cancer chemotherapy. Panax quinquefolium L., also known as American ginseng, has many pharmacological activities such as improving immunity, anti-tumor, anti-radiation and blood sugar lowering. PURPOSE Previously, our laboratory reported that American ginseng berry extract could alleviate chemotherapeutic agents-induced renal damage caused by cisplatin. Hence, this study further explored the protective effect of P. quinquefolium saponins (PQS) on cisplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Biochemical markers, levels of inflammatory factors, histopathological staining and western blotting were used to analyze intestinal injury based on various molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We demonstrated the destruction of the intestinal barrier caused by cisplatin exposure by detecting the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Meanwhile, cisplatin exposure changed SOD and MDA levels in the small intestine, causing oxidative damage to the intestinal mucosa. The inflammation associated-intestinal damage was further explored by the measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway protein expression. Moreover, apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL staining-positive cells and activated caspase family proteins suggest that cisplatin induces intestinal apoptosis. Interestingly, PQS pretreatment significantly reversed these situations. CONCLUSION These evidences clearly suggest that PQS can alleviate cisplatin-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing the occurrence of inflammation and apoptosis, and improving intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600 China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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20
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Immune Modulation Effects of Lactobacillus casei Variety rhamnosus on Enterocytes and Intestinal Stem Cells in a 5-FU-Induced Mucositis Mouse Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:3068393. [PMID: 33564301 PMCID: PMC7850847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3068393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal mucositis remains one of the most deleterious side effects in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We hypothesize that the probiotics could preserve gut ecology, ameliorate inflammation, and protect epithelia via immune modulations of enterocytes and intestinal stem cells. Our aim is to characterize these changes and the safety of probiotics via a 5-fluorouracil- (5-FU-) induced intestinal mucositis mouse model. Methods 5-FU-injected BALB/c mice were either orally administrated with saline or probiotic suspension of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35). Diarrhea scores, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and T-cell subtypes were assessed. Immunostaining analyses for the proliferation of intestinal stem cells CD44 and Ki67 were processed. Samples of blood and internal organs were investigated for bacterial translocation. Results Diarrhea was attenuated after oral Lcr35 administration. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the 5-FU group and were reversed by Lcr35. A tremendous rise of the CD3+/CD8+ count and a significant decrease of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratios were found in the 5-FU group and were both reversed by Lcr35. 5-FU significantly stimulated the expression of CD44 stem cells, and the expression was restored by Lcr35. 5-FU could increase the number of Ki67 proliferative cells. No bacterial translocation was found in this study. Conclusions Our results showed that 5-FU caused intestinal inflammation mainly via Th1 and Th17 responses. 5-FU could stimulate stem cells and proliferation cells in a mouse model. We demonstrate chemotherapy could decrease immune competence. Probiotics were shown to modulate the immune response. This is the first study to analyze the immune modulation effects and safety of Lactobacillus strain on enterocytes and intestinal stem cells in a mouse model.
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21
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Barroso FAL, de Jesus LCL, de Castro CP, Batista VL, Ferreira Ê, Fernandes RS, de Barros ALB, Leclerq SY, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM. Intake of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (pExu: hsp65) Prevents the Inflammation and the Disorganization of the Intestinal Mucosa in a Mouse Model of Mucositis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010107. [PMID: 33466324 PMCID: PMC7824804 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that causes, as a side effect, intestinal mucositis, acute inflammation in the small bowel. The Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) are highly expressed in inflammatory conditions, developing an important role in immune modulation. Thus, they are potential candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the mucositis mouse model, the present study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of oral administration of milk fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 (pExu:hsp65), a recombinant strain. This approach showed increased levels of sIgA in the intestinal fluid, reducing inflammatory infiltrate and intestinal permeability. Additionally, the histological score was improved. Protection was associated with a reduction in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tnf, Il6, Il12, and Il1b, and an increase in Il10, Muc2, and claudin 1 (Cldn1) and 2 (Cldn2) gene expression in ileum tissue. These findings are corroborated with the increased number of goblet cells, the electronic microscopy images, and the reduction of intestinal permeability. The administration of milk fermented by this recombinant probiotic strain was also able to reverse the high levels of gene expression of Tlrs caused by the 5-FU. Thus, the rCIDCA 133:Hsp65 strain was revealed to be a promising preventive strategy for small bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - Sophie Yvette Leclerq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Faculdade de Minas-Faminas-BH, Medicina, Belo Horizonte 31744-007, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte 31421-169, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
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22
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Sampsell K, Hao D, Reimer RA. The Gut Microbiota: A Potential Gateway to Improved Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9239. [PMID: 33287442 PMCID: PMC7731103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual's physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual's risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of 'dysbiosis' can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Desirée Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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23
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Sato T, Ishikawa S, Asano J, Yamamoto H, Fujii M, Sato T, Yamamoto K, Kitagaki K, Akashi T, Okamoto R, Ohteki T. Regulated IFN signalling preserves the stemness of intestinal stem cells by restricting differentiation into secretory-cell lineages. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:919-926. [PMID: 32690888 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are located at the crypt base and fine-tune the balance of their self-renewal and differentiation1,2, but the physiological mechanism involved in regulating that balance remains unknown. Here we describe a transcriptional regulator that preserves the stemness of ISCs by restricting their differentiation into secretory-cell lineages. Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) negatively regulates interferon signalling3, and mice completely lacking Irf24 or with a selective Irf2 deletion in their intestinal epithelial cells have significantly fewer crypt Lgr5hi ISCs than control mice. Although the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells was unimpaired at steady state in Irf2-deficient mice, regeneration of their intestinal epithelia after 5-fluorouracil-induced damage was severely impaired. Similarly, extended treatment with low-dose poly(I:C) or chronic infection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV C13)5 caused a functional decline of ISCs in wild-type mice. In contrast, massive accumulations of immature Paneth cells were found at the crypt base of Irf2-/- as well as LCMV C13-infected wild-type mice, indicating that excess interferon signalling directs ISCs towards a secretory-cell fate. Collectively, our findings indicate that regulated interferon signalling preserves ISC stemness by restricting secretory-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Sato
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shun Ishikawa
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Asano
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Yamamoto
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitagaki
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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Kamar SS, Baky MH, Omar AI. The beneficial influence of rhubarb on 5-fluorouracil-induced ileal mucositis and the combined role of aquaporin-4, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B & matrix metalloproteinase-9 in rat model: histological study. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:228-239. [PMID: 32647090 PMCID: PMC7343559 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used for cancer treatment despite its cytotoxic sequelae on healthy cells, especially the rapid proliferating ones. Intestinal mucositis is one of the most frequent chemotherapeutic debilitating sequelae. Rhubarb (Rh), an ancient herb, is known for its curing effect on gastrointestinal complications. This study aims to detect the role of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in 5-FU-induced ileal histological and biochemical changes and the potential therapeutic effect of Rh water extract on these changes in rats. A 45 rats were divided into 3 groups; control, 5-FU (single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg/rat) and Rh-treated (oral 20 mg/kg/day/rat for 8 days). The change in animals’ weight, incidence of diarrhoea and AQP-4 and TNF-α values in ileal homogenates were measured. Ileal sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain, periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-reaction and MMP-9, NF-κB and AQP-4 immunohistochemical staining. A 5-FU group revealed marked ileal mucosal damage associated with a significant decrease in the mean body weight, AQP-4 level and area percent of PAS and AQP-4 positive reaction. Significant increase in the mean incidence of diarrhoea, TNF-α value and area percent of MMP-9 and NF-κB was detected. These changes were significantly corrected with Rh administration. A 5-FU resulted in severe ileal mucositis through TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-9, and AQP-4 disturbances. Rh treatment was highly effective in preventing such mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hasan Baky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacology, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ibraheem Omar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Fluoropyrimidine Modulation of the Anti-Tumor Immune Response-Prospects for Improved Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061641. [PMID: 32575843 PMCID: PMC7352193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy modulates the anti-tumor immune response and outcomes depend on the balance of favorable and unfavorable effects of drugs on anti-tumor immunity. 5-Florouracil (5-FU) is widely used in adjuvant chemotherapy regimens to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) and provides a survival benefit. However, survival remains poor for CRC patients with advanced and metastatic disease and immune checkpoint blockade therapy benefits only a sub-set of CRC patients. Here we discuss the effects of 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimens to the anti-tumor immune response. We consider how different aspects of 5-FU's multi-factorial mechanism differentially affect malignant and immune cell populations. We summarize recent studies with polymeric fluoropyrimidines (e.g., F10, CF10) that enhance DNA-directed effects and discuss how such approaches may be used to enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve outcomes.
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26
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Fideles LDS, de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Barbosa MLL, Pimenta HB, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri MAS, Façanha SDO, Barreto JEF, Carvalho PMDM, Scafuri AG, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Role of Rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: Prevention of Histological Damage and Reduction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122786. [PMID: 32560278 PMCID: PMC7356626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8492
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | | | | | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Christus University Center (Unichristus), 133 Adolfo Gurgel Street, Fortaleza 63010-475, Brazil;
| | | | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Scafuri Institute of Human Sexuality, 1513 Republic of Lebanon Street, Varjota, Fortaleza 60175-222, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, s/n Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group (QUIMEBIO), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Bernardo/MA 65550-000, Brazil;
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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Prophylactic photobiomodulation therapy using 660 nm diode laser for oral mucositis in paediatric patients under chemotherapy: 5-year experience from a Brazilian referral service. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1857-1866. [PMID: 32535807 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM) in paediatric care has increased. In this article, we report data of paediatric oncology/haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients treated with PBMT to prevent chemotherapy-induced OM. A retrospective study was conducted at a Brazilian referral service. Prophylactic PBMT was used in children and adolescents (≤ 17 years) following the protocol: InGaAIP, 660 nm, 100 mW, 2 J, 3.33 W/cm2, and 20 s per point. Demographic data and OM severity scores were assessed. A regression model tested the association between OM with prophylactic PBMT and antineoplastic therapy. A total of 148 individuals who had undergone 358 chemotherapy cycles were analysed. A higher occurrence of OM was observed in HSCT and osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Except for HSCT, OM was associated with methotrexate (MTX) use in all disease groups. PBMT significantly reduced OM severity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and OS patients. OM grade was 3.16 and 5.45 times higher among individuals with ALL and OS, who had not undergone prophylactic PBMT compared with those who had undergone prophylactic PBMT (p < 0.001). PBMT prevented chemotherapy-induced OM. Individuals who used MTX and did not undergo prophylactic PBMT were at increased risk of OM.
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Animal models of mucositis: critical tools for advancing pathobiological understanding and identifying therapeutic targets. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2020; 13:119-133. [PMID: 30925531 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucositis remains a prevalent, yet poorly managed side effect of anticancer therapies. Mucositis affecting both the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract predispose to infection and require extensive supportive management, contributing to the growing economic burden associated with cancer care. Animal models remain a critical aspect of mucositis research, providing novel insights into its pathogenesis and revealing therapeutic targets. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current animal models used in mucositis research. RECENT FINDINGS A wide variety of animal models of mucositis exist highlighting the highly heterogenous landscape of supportive oncology and the unique cytotoxic mechanisms of different anticancer agents. Golden Syrian hamsters remain the gold-standard species for investigation of oral mucositis induced by single dose and fractionated radiation as well as chemoradiation. There is no universally accepted gold-standard model for the study of gastrointestinal mucositis, with rats, mice, pigs and dogs all offering unique perspectives on its pathobiology. SUMMARY Animal models are a critical aspect of mucositis research, providing unprecedent insight into the pathobiology of mucositis. Introduction of tumour-bearing models, cyclic dosing scheduled, concomitant agents and genetically modified animals have been integral in refining our understanding of mucositis.
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29
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Berberine regulates fecal metabolites to ameliorate 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis through modulating gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109829. [PMID: 31958765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid, which has been used in the treatment of intestinal mucositis. However, BBR on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in cancer patients remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of BBR on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) using rat model. We detected the degree of intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory response in 5-Fu treated rats with or without BBR administration, and investigated the changes of fecal metabolites and gut microbiota using 1H NMR spectroscopy and 16S rRNA. The mechanism was further explored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results showed that BBR treated rats displayed less weight loss, lower diarrhea score and longer colon length in 5-Fu treated rats. Meanwhile, BBR treatment significantly increased the expression of Occludin in ileum and decreased the d-lactate content in serum. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in ileum were suppressed by BBR treatment. The pattern of fecal metabolism changed obviously after treated with 5-Fu, which was reversed by BBR. Importantly, BBR significantly increased the levels of butyrate and glutamine in feces from 5-Fu treated rats. In terms of gut microbiota, BBR enriched the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria at the phylum level. Meanwhile, BBR increased the propotion of unclassified_f_ Porphyromonadaceae, unclassified_f_ Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, unclassified_o_ Clostridiales, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella at the genera level. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fecal transplantation led to changes in fecal metabolites. Fecal transplantation from BBR treated rats had low diarrhea score, reduced inflammatory response in ileum, and relieved intestinal mucosal injury, which may be caused by the increased of butyrate level in fecal metabolites. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that BBR regulates fecal metabolites to ameliorate 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by modifying gut microbiota.
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30
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de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Fideles LDS, Barbosa MLL, Barreto JEF, Pimenta HB, Freitas FOR, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri AG, dos Santos Luciano MC, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E10. [PMID: 31936203 PMCID: PMC7169416 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Francisco Orlando Rafael Freitas
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Claudia dos Santos Luciano
- Nucleus of Research and Development of Medications (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Coronel Nunes of Melo Street, 100, Fortaleza 60430-275, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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Shumar J, Junga Z, Johnson JT, Goldkind L. Treatment-resistant severe capecitabine-induced diarrhoea resolved with oral budesonide. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e231544. [PMID: 31791985 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a risk of antineoplastic regimens, often associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan and capecitabine. Current treatment guidelines for CID include the use of loperamide and octreotide but do not account for other therapies, including budesonide. Small case reports have shown benefit with budesonide in CID secondary to 5-FU and irinotecan, but there is no literature base addressing budesonide use in CID secondary to capecitabine. We describe a case of a patient with severe capecitabine-induced diarrhoea that was refractory to guideline based therapy but resolved with the use of budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Shumar
- Internal Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary Junga
- Gastroenterology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeptha T Johnson
- Pathology and Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Goldkind
- Gastroenterology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Peng J, Chen W, Lisha L, Lin J. Qingjie Fuzheng Granule attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109223. [PMID: 31325706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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The pathogenesis of mucositis: updated perspectives and emerging targets. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:4023-4033. [PMID: 31286231 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis research and treatment are a rapidly evolving field providing constant new avenues of research and potential therapies. The MASCC/ISOO Mucositis Study Group regularly assesses available literature relating to pathogenesis, mechanisms, and novel therapeutic approaches and distils this to summary perspectives and recommendations. Reviewers assessed 164 articles published between January 2011 and June 2016 to identify progress made since the last review and highlight new targets for further investigation. Findings were organized into sections including established and emerging mediators of toxicity, potential insights from technological advances in mucositis research, and perspective. Research momentum is accelerating for mucositis pathogenesis, and with this has come utilization of new models and interventions that target specific mechanisms of injury. Technological advances have the potential to revolutionize the field of mucositis research, although focused effort is needed to move rationally targeted interventions to the clinical setting.
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Huang L, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Jiang CB, Chang SW, Yeung CY, Lee HC. SCID/NOD mice model for 5-FU induced intestinal mucositis: Safety and effects of probiotics as therapy. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:252-260. [PMID: 30150027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For chemotherapy patients, intestinal mucositis is a frequent complication. Previously, we evaluated the beneficial effect of oral probiotics in 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induced mucositis in BALB/c mice. Here, we used SCID/NOD mice instead to simulate the immunodeficiency of chemotherapy patients: first, to evaluate the safety of probiotic supplementation and second, to determine the probiotic effect in response to 5-FU intestinal mucositis. METHODS Thirty-six SCID/NOD mice were injected with saline (three control groups) or 5-FU (three experimental groups) intraperitoneally daily for five days. Mice were given either oral saline daily, probiotic suspension of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35, Antibiophilus™, France) or Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (LaBi, Infloran™, Italy). Blood, liver, spleen, and lymph node tissue samples were evaluated for probiotic translocation via culture and Q-PCR. Weight change, diarrhea score, jejunal villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD), and serum cytokine levels of TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17 were also assessed. RESULTS No weight loss was found in the SCID control group. Mean weight loss of 10.63 ± 0.87% was noted by day five in 5-FU group without probiotics but it was only 6.2 ± 0.43% if mice were given Lcr35 (p < 0.01) and 7.1 ± 1.80% (p < 0.01) if they were given LaBi. Diarrhea score of 5-FU group without probiotics was 2.0 ± 0.0 by day five, which dropped to 1.33 ± 0.17 (p < 0.05) and 1.42 ± 0.24 (p < 0.05) with Lcr35 and LaBi, respectively. Average VH significantly decreased and CD significantly increased in SCID mice given 5-FU. With probiotics, average CD improved (p < 0.05) while VH lengthened as well. Besides IL-13, all cytokine levels increased in 5-FU SCID mice. Both Lcr35 and LaBi significantly inhibited serum cytokines (p < 0.05). No probiotic strains were detected in blood cultures of any mice. CONCLUSION Using SCID/NOD mice as a novel model for 5-FU induced intestinal mucositis, we find that probiotics Lcr35 and LaBi do not lead to bacteremia, can improve diarrhea and body weight, can restore jejunal crypt depth, and significantly inhibit cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lien Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yan Yeung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dao AE, Hsu A, Nakshabandi A, Mandaliya R, Nadella S, Sivaraman A, Mattar M, Charabaty A. Role of colonoscopy in diagnosis of capecitabine associated ileitis: Two case reports. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:383-388. [PMID: 31205599 PMCID: PMC6556489 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i5.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine is considered a first line agent in adjuvant therapy for breast and colorectal cancer. However, cases of severe diarrhea have been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. When diarrhea is severe and prolonged, capecitabine associated ileitis should be considered as a possible etiology.
CASE SUMMARY Herein, we present two cases of capecitabine ileitis, specifically involving the terminal ileum and ascending colon. We will demonstrate the disease course and treatment modalities applied to alleviate this condition, as well as discuss the merits of using colonoscopy to aid in diagnosis.
CONCLUSION Ultimately our cases demonstrate that symptomatic management with traditional anti-diarrheal medications is largely ineffective. Prompt recognition and discontinuation of capecitabine is an imperative step in proper management of this condition and colonoscopy with biopsy can be helpful when the diagnosis is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Dao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Angela Hsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Ahmad Nakshabandi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Rohan Mandaliya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Anita Sivaraman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Mark Mattar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Aline Charabaty
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University at Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, DC 20016, United States
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Thermoreversible mucoadhesive polymer-drug dispersion for sustained local delivery of budesonide to treat inflammatory disorders of the GI tract. J Control Release 2019; 303:12-23. [PMID: 30980853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug formulations have been studied and used as alternatives to conventional formulations in order to achieve prolonged retention at the intended site. In addition to providing a controlled drug release, several drugs and disease conditions might benefit from mucoadhesive formulations, contributing to better therapeutic outcomes. Here, we describe the development and the in vitro/in vivo characterization of a mucoadhesive in situ gellifying formulation using PF127, a thermo reversible polymer, entrapping budesonide (BUD), a potent corticosteroid used for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including those affecting mucosas, such as in the GI tract. PF127 formulations (15-17%) were successfully prepared by a cold method as a thermo reversible in situ gelling dispersion for mucosal drug delivery, as confirmed by DSC. Sol-gel temperatures of PF127 formulations (25-39 °C) were observed by dynamic gelation and determined by microrheology and oscillatory rheometry. X-ray diffractograms and TEM images showed that BUD was completely solubilized within the polymeric micelles. In vitro, the gels showed 5-14 g force of mucoadhesion, and the ex vivo studies confirmed that the formulation efficiently adhered to the mucosa. Histopathological analysis combined with fluorescence images and ex vivo intestinal permeation confirmed that the formulation remained on the TGI mucosa for at least 4 h after administration. In vivo studies conducted in a murine model of intestinal mucositis demonstrated that the 16% PF127 BUD formulation was able to resolve the inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa. Results demonstrate that fine-tuning of PF127 formulations along with adequate selection of the drug agent, thorough characterization of the dispersions and their interactions with biological interfaces leads to the development of effective controlled drug delivery systems targeted to GI inflammatory diseases.
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Protective Effect of Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020051. [PMID: 30987265 PMCID: PMC6630449 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Cashew gum (CG) has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CG extracted from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. on experimental intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, CG 30, CG 60, CG 90, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + CG 90 groups. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH), and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). 5-FU induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height compared to the saline group. CG 90 prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress through decrease of MDA levels and increase of GSH concentration. CG attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. Our findings suggest that CG at a concentration of 90 mg/kg reverses the effects of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Pow-Anpongkul P, Chu PG, Kidambi TD. Capecitabine-Induced Enteritis Leading to Small Bowel Obstruction. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:e8-e9. [PMID: 30610865 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pete Pow-Anpongkul
- Division of Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peiguo G Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Trilokesh D Kidambi
- Division of Gastroenterology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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De Jesus LCL, Drumond MM, de Carvalho A, Santos SS, Martins FS, Ferreira Ê, Fernandes RS, de Barros ALB, do Carmo FL, Perez PF, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P. Protective effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Lactis CIDCA 133 in a model of 5 Fluorouracil-Induced intestinal mucositis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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40
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5-Fluorouracil Induces Enteric Neuron Death and Glial Activation During Intestinal Mucositis via a S100B-RAGE-NFκB-Dependent Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:665. [PMID: 30679569 PMCID: PMC6345953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent whose main side effects include intestinal mucositis associated with intestinal motility alterations maybe due to an effect on the enteric nervous system (ENS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we used an animal model to investigate the participation of the S100B/RAGE/NFκB pathway in intestinal mucositis and enteric neurotoxicity caused by 5-FU (450 mg/kg, IP, single dose). 5-FU induced intestinal damage observed by shortened villi, loss of crypt architecture and intense inflammatory cell infiltrate as well as increased GFAP and S100B co-expression and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine. Furthermore, 5-FU increased RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons, associated with a significant increase in the nitrite/nitrate, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, iNOS expression and MDA accumulation in the small intestine. We provide evidence that 5-FU induces reactive gliosis and reduction of enteric neurons in a S100B/RAGE/NFκB-dependent manner, since pentamidine, a S100B inhibitor, prevented 5-FU-induced neuronal loss, enteric glia activation, intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and histological injury.
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41
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Xiang D, Yang J, Liu D, Ren X, Zhang C. Assessment of dose-response relationship of 5-fluorouracil to murine intestinal injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:910-916. [PMID: 30119262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most frequently prescribed anti-tumor drug, but has been reported to result in intestinal injury. Although some progress has been made in understanding the intestinal toxicity of 5-FU, confusion remains about animal models of 5-FU-induced intestinal injury, especially the dosage of 5-FU. This study aims to assess the dose-response relationship between the severity of intestinal injury and different doses of 5-FU, and to determine a proper dosing for the murine model. We found that mice in the 5-FU groups gradually lost body weight over time. Increasing doses of 5-FU resulted in more severe diarrhea, with a concomitant increase in mortality. Histopathological damage was more severe in mice that received higher doses of 5-FU. In addition, plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity decreased in experimental mice with intestinal injury in a dose-dependent way. TUNEL and western blot analysis showed cell apoptosis in the ileum and colon related to 5-FU dosage. However, administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg 5-FU caused extremely high mortality, severe diarrhea and histopathological damage, but 25 mg/kg 5-FU did not result in significant intestinal injury. The severity of intestinal injury induced by 5-FU appeared to be dose-dependent and we concluded that the proper dosage of 5-FU to induce a murine model with intestinal mucositis ranged from 50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Daochun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Li HL, Lu L, Wang XS, Qin LY, Wang P, Qiu SP, Wu H, Huang F, Zhang BB, Shi HL, Wu XJ. Alteration of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Profiles in 5-Fluorouracil Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:455. [PMID: 29124041 PMCID: PMC5662589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed homeostasis of gut microbiota has been suggested to be closely associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) induced mucositis. However, current knowledge of the overall profiles of 5-Fu-disturbed gut microbiota is limited, and so far there is no direct convincing evidence proving the causality between 5-Fu-disturbed microbiota and colonic mucositis. In mice, in agreement with previous reports, 5-Fu resulted in severe colonic mucositis indicated by weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, shortened colon, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. It significantly changed the profiles of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in serum and colon. Adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and VE-Cadherin were increased. While tight junction protein occludin was reduced, however, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) were increased in colonic tissues of 5-Fu treated mice. Meanwhile, inflammation related signaling pathways including NF-κB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in the colon were activated. Further study disclosed that 5-Fu diminished bacterial community richness and diversity, leading to the relative lower abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in feces and cecum contents. 5-Fu also reduced the proportion of Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, and Candidate division TM7, but increased that of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria in feces and/or cecum contents. The fecal transplant from healthy mice prevented body weight loss and colon shortening of 5-Fu treated mice. In addition, the fecal transplant from 5-Fu treated mice reduced body weight and colon length of vancomycin-pretreated mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated that gut microbiota was actively involved in the pathological process of 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis, suggesting potential attenuation of 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by manipulating gut microbiota homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yue Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Ping Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Carvalho RDDO, do Carmo FLR, de Oliveira Junior A, Langella P, Chatel JM, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Azevedo V, de Azevedo MS. Use of Wild Type or Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Alternative Treatment for Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases: A Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Mucositis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:800. [PMID: 28536562 PMCID: PMC5422521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is highly colonized by bacterial communities, which live in a symbiotic relationship with the host in normal conditions. It has been shown that a dysfunctional interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the host immune system, known as dysbiosis, is a very important factor responsible for the development of different inflammatory conditions of the GIT, such as the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a complex and multifactorial disorder of the GIT. Dysbiosis has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of other GIT inflammatory diseases such as mucositis usually caused as an adverse effect of chemotherapy. As both diseases have become a great clinical problem, many research groups have been focusing on developing new strategies for the treatment of IBD and mucositis. In this review, we show that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been capable in preventing and treating both disorders in animal models, suggesting they may be ready for clinical trials. In addition, we present the most current studies on the use of wild type or genetically engineered LAB strains designed to express anti-inflammatory proteins as a promising strategy in the treatment of IBD and mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fillipe L R do Carmo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela S de Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lee JM, Chun HJ, Choi HS, Kim ES, Seo YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CH, Sul D. Selenium Administration Attenuates 5-Flurouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:616-622. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1300289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Carvalho RD, Breyner N, Menezes-Garcia Z, Rodrigues NM, Lemos L, Maioli TU, da Gloria Souza D, Carmona D, de Faria AMC, Langella P, Chatel JM, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Figueiredo HCP, Azevedo V, de Azevedo MS. Secretion of biologically active pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP) by genetically modified dairy Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 in the prevention of intestinal mucositis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:27. [PMID: 28193209 PMCID: PMC5307810 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucositis is one of the most relevant gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions in humans, generated by the use of chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluoracil (5-FU). 5-FU-induced mucositis affects 80% of patients undergoing oncological treatment causing mucosal gut dysfunctions and great discomfort. As current therapy drugs presents limitations in alleviating mucositis symptoms, alternative strategies are being pursued. Recent studies have shown that the antimicrobial pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) has a protective role in intestinal inflammatory processes. Indeed, it was demonstrated that a recombinant strain of Lactococcus lactis expressing human PAP (LL-PAP) could prevent and improve murine DNBS-induced colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes severe inflammation of the colon. Hence, in this study we sought to evaluate the protective effects of LL-PAP on 5-FU-induced experimental mucositis in BALB/c mice as a novel approach to treat the disease. Results Our results show that non-recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 have antagonistic activity, in vitro, against the enteroinvasive gastrointestinal pathogen L. monocytogenes and confirmed PAP inhibitory effect against Opportunistic E. faecalis. Moreover, L. lactis was able to prevent histological damage, reduce neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration and secretory Immunoglobulin-A in mice injected with 5-FU. Recombinant lactococci carrying antimicrobial PAP did not improve those markers of inflammation, although its expression was associated with villous architecture preservation and increased secretory granules density inside Paneth cells in response to 5-FU inflammation. Conclusions We have demonstrated for the first time that L. lactis NZ9000 by itself, is able to prevent 5-FU-induced intestinal inflammation in BALB/c mice. Moreover, PAP delivered by recombinant L. lactis strain showed additional protective effects in mice epithelium, revealing to be a promising strategy to treat intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo D Carvalho
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Natalia Breyner
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Zelia Menezes-Garcia
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nubia M Rodrigues
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tatiane U Maioli
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Gloria Souza
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Denise Carmona
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana M C de Faria
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Henrique C P Figueiredo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcela S de Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Bajic JE, Eden GL, Lampton LS, Cheah KY, Lymn KA, Pei JV, Yool AJ, Howarth GS. Rhubarb extract partially improves mucosal integrity in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8322-8333. [PMID: 27729739 PMCID: PMC5055863 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of orally gavaged aqueous rhubarb extract (RE) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.
METHODS Female Dark Agouti rats (n = 8/group) were gavaged daily (1 mL) with water, high-dose RE (HDR; 200 mg/kg) or low-dose RE (LDR; 20mg/kg) for eight days. Intestinal mucositis was induced (day 5) with 5-FU (150 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histological examination. Xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 4 water channels were prepared to examine the effect of aqueous RE on cell volume, indicating a potential mechanism responsible for modulating net fluid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS Bodyweight was significantly reduced in rats administered 5-FU compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Rats administered 5-FU significantly increased intestinal MPO levels (≥ 307%; P < 0.001), compared to healthy controls. However, LDR attenuated this effect in 5-FU treated rats, significantly decreasing ileal MPO activity (by 45%; P < 0.05), as compared to 5-FU controls. 5-FU significantly reduced intestinal mucosal thickness (by ≥ 29% P < 0.001) as compared to healthy controls. LDR significantly increased ileal mucosal thickness in 5-FU treated rats (19%; P < 0.05) relative to 5-FU controls. In xenopus oocytes expressing AQP4 water channels, RE selectively blocked water influx into the cell, induced by a decrease in external osmotic pressure. As water efflux was unaltered by the presence of extracellular RE, the directional flow of water across the epithelial barrier, in the presence of extracellular RE, indicated that RE may alleviate water loss across the epithelial barrier and promote intestinal health in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.
CONCLUSION In summary, low dose RE improves selected parameters of mucosal integrity and reduces ileal inflammation, manifesting from 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Barros PAVD, Generoso SDV, Andrade MER, da Gama MAS, Lopes FCF, de Sales e Souza ÉL, Martins FDS, Miranda SEM, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN. Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-enriched Butter After 24 hours of Intestinal Mucositis Induction. Nutr Cancer 2016; 69:168-175. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1225100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tang Y, Wu Y, Huang Z, Dong W, Deng Y, Wang F, Li M, Yuan J. Administration of probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats. Nutrition 2016; 33:96-104. [PMID: 27427511 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of probiotics to alleviate chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is supported by clinical consensus. However, no studies to date, to our knowledge, have systematically analyzed the effects of a probiotic mixture on chemotherapy-induced mucositis or assessed changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to report the effects of a probiotic mixture, DM#1, on intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis of rats treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180 to 220 g were randomly divided into four groups: control, 5-FU, probiotic high (PH), and probiotic low (PL). Except for the control group, all other groups received intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU for 5 d, and the PH and PL groups received DM#1 intragastrically (1 × 109 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units/kg, respectively) for 8 d. One day after the last administration, rats were sacrificed and the ilea were removed for histopathologic assessment and evaluation of permeability, myeloperoxidase activity, levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and mRNA of toll-like receptors (TLR; TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9). Additionally, intestinal microbiota profiles were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with DM#1 ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal mucosal injury in rats, possibly by reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels and neutrophil infiltration. The increased intestinal permeability caused by 5-FU was ameliorated. These results were closely associated with the reestablishment of intestinal microbial homeostasis and alteration of the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Administration of the probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingtao Wu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Bastos CCC, Ávila PHMD, Filho EXDS, Ávila RID, Batista AC, Fonseca SG, Lima EM, Marreto RN, Mendonça EFD, Valadares MC. Use of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) to treat intestinal mucositis in mice: Toxico-pharmacological evaluations. Toxicol Rep 2015; 3:279-287. [PMID: 28959548 PMCID: PMC5615376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies towards the development of an effective treatment for intestinal mucositis have been reported, since this condition represents a major problem in clinical oncology practice due to cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. However standardized protocols and universally accepted treatment options are yet to be established. OBJECTIVES Given above, this study evaluated the protective effects of a mucoadhesive formulation containing both Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) (BP) and curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) (CL) on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluoruoacil (5-FU) in mice. RESULTS As expected, animals only treated with 5-FU (200 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction of 60.3 and 42.4% in villi and crypts size, respectively, when compared to control. On the other hand, the proposed therapeutic/prophylactic treatment with mucoadhesive formulations managed to reduce histopathologic changes in mice bearing mucositis, especially at 125 mg/kg BP + 15 mg/kg CL dose. The formulation promoted an increase of 275.5% and 148.7% for villi and crypts size, respectively. Moreover, chemotherapy-related weight loss was reduced by 7.4% following the treatment. In addition, an increase of 10 and 30.5% in red and white blood cells was observed when compared to 5-FU group. Furthermore, treatments with the mucoadhesive formulation containing BP/CL up modulated Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression while reduced pro-apoptotic regulator Bax. The formulation also modulated inflammatory response triggered by 5-FU through reduction of 68% of myeloperoxidase activity and a 4-fold increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. In parallel, the oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation was reduced as indicated by decrease of 63% of malondialdehyde concentrations. Additionally, the new formulation presented low acute oral systemic toxicity, being classified in the category 5 (2000 mg/kg < LD50 < 5000 mg/kg) of the Globally Harmonized Classification System. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an interesting potential of the mucoadhesive formulation of BP/CL for the treatment of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Given the perspectives for the development of a new medicine, clinical studies are in progress to better understand the protective effects of this innovative formulation in treating mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caroline Cunha Bastos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Marcelino de Ávila
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Edvande Xavier Dos Santos Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Laboratório de Patologia Bucal, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular-FarmaTec, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Lee SF, Chiang CL, Lee AS, Wong FCS, Tung SY. Severe ileitis associated with capecitabine: Two case reports and review of the literature. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1398-1400. [PMID: 26807255 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capecitabine is a commonly used anticancer drug, which has been associated with adverse events, including skin and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea. We herein present treated two rare cases of capecitabine-associated ileitis. In one of the patients, ileitis occurred during combination chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer, despite previous good tolerance to this drug; the other patient developed ileitis following adjuvant single-agent treatment. The first case is unlike previously reported cases, in which patients had no past exposure to capecitabine. Ileitis may be severe but reversible with early diagnosis and proper supportive treatment, and patients may resume chemotherapy following capecitabine discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Fung Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi Leung Chiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ann Shing Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Frank Chi Shing Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Stewart Yuk Tung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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