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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen R, Jiao Z, Shen B, Shuai Z. HSCs-derived exosomes regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in HIBECs through miR-122-5p mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Genomics 2024; 116:110795. [PMID: 38228248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PBC is an autoimmune-mediated liver disease, and intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs) are the target cells of early damage. Previous studies found that miRNAs and inflammation is closely related to PBC. In this study, we extracted exosomes from serum and human IBECs supernatant, and RNA-sequence analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs. Elisa measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines. RT- qPCR and western blot detected the levels of miR-122-5p, p38 and p-p38. The results showed that 263 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in serum exosomes of PBC patients. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of PBC patients were higher than those of normal controls. According to the validation results and previous literature, exosomal miR-122-5p was finally selected as the study object, and correlated with inflammatory factors. In vitro experiments further found that exosomal miR-122-5p may derive from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and can be HIBECs intake, and influence HIBECs inflammatory factor levels though p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This may provide a new strategy for the treatment of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruofei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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2
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Zhao D, Zhao Q, Xu F, Zhang F, Bai W. Primary biliary cirrhosis and psoriasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1264554. [PMID: 38239358 PMCID: PMC10794341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and psoriasis are frequently observed to co-occur in clinical settings. However, the causal associations and underlying mechanisms between PBC and psoriasis remain poorly defined. Methods In this study, we conducted bidirectional MR analysis to explore the causal relationship between PBC and psoriasis using four MR methods: inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analyses were carried out, employing different models and testing methods for comparison to assess the influence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy on our findings and to confirm the robustness of these results. Results A causal relationship between the risk of PBC and psoriasis was identified, as confirmed by IVW analysis (OR: 1.081, 95%CI: 1.028~1.137, P<0.05). The other three MR methods also produced similar results. However, psoriasis did not have a causal effect on PBC risk (OR: 1.022, 95%CI: 0.935~1.118, P>0.05). The intercept of MR-Egger regression was 0.0013 (P>0.05), indicating that genetic pleiotropy did not influence the results. Additionally, the leave-one-out analysis demonstrated the robustness of our MR findings. Conclusion This study reveals a causal relationship between PBC and psoriasis, with PBC increasing the risk of psoriasis, but not the reverse. This potential causal relationship offers a new perspective on the etiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqian Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qinyu Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fangwei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Bai
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wang Y, Tan N, Su R, Liu Z, Hu N, Dong Q. Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Action of Gentiana Veitchiorum Hemsl. Extract in the Treatment of Cholestasis using UPLC-MS/MS, Systematic Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1948-1968. [PMID: 38357941 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073275657231210055250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl. (GV) has a long history in Tibetan medicine for treating hepatobiliary disease cholestasis. However, the mechanisms mediating its efficacy in treating cholestasis have yet to be determined. AIM To elucidate the mechanisms of action of GV in the treatment of cholestasis, an integrated approach combining ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis with network pharmacology was established. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of GV was achieved by UPLC-MS/MS. Subsequently, a network pharmacology method that integrated target prediction, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene set enrichment analysis, and a component- target-pathway network was established, and finally, molecular docking and experiments in vitro were conducted to verify the predicted results. RESULTS Twenty compounds that were extracted from GV were identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Core proteins such as AKT1, TNF, and IL6 were obtained through screening in the Network pharmacology PPI network. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genome (KEGG) pathway predicted that GV could treat cholestasis by acting on signaling pathways such as TNF/IL-17 / PI3K-Akt. Network pharmacology suggested that GV might exert a therapeutic effect on cholestasis by regulating the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, and the results were further confirmed by the subsequent construction of an LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model. CONCLUSIONS In this study, UPLC-MS/MS analysis, network pharmacology, and experiment validation were used to explore potential mechanisms of action of GV in the treatment of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Nixia Tan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Rong Su
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, China
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Hou C, Ren C, Luan L, Li S. A case report of primary biliary cholangitis combined with ankylosing spondylitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35655. [PMID: 37832080 PMCID: PMC10578735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A chronic autoimmune liver disease known as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) that selectively destructs small intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and may result in biliary cirrhosis and eventually liver transplantation or death. PBC is associated with various other extrahepatic autoimmune diseases; however, the combination of PBC with ankylosing spondylitis has been rarely reported in the literature. Here, we reported a case of PBC with ankylosing spondylitis to improve our understanding of such coexistence and provide new ideas for the treatment of such patients. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old man was presented to the Department of Rheumatology because of an abnormal liver function test for 7 years, chest and back pain for 1 year, and low back pain for 2 months. DIAGNOSES Primary biliary cholangitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and old pulmonary tuberculosis. INTERVENTIONS The patient refused to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; thus, he was treated with methylenediphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). OUTCOMES The patient achieved remission with UDCA and 99Tc-MDP therapy. LESSONS In the treatment of PBC combined with other disorders, the characteristics of different diseases should be considered. The patient reported herein was treated with 99Tc-MDP and UDCA, and his condition improved; thus, we consider 99Tc-MDP to be an effective treatment. Furthermore, in line with the current understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC and ankylosing spondylitis, we hypothesize that interleukin-17 inhibitor is an effective treatment for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Hou
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chunfeng Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Luan Luan
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shujie Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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Chen J, Zhang S. The Role of Inflammation in Cholestatic Liver Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4527-4540. [PMID: 37854312 PMCID: PMC10581020 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common clinical event in which bile formation and excretion are blocked, leading to retention of bile acids or bile salts; whether it occurs intra- or extrahepatically, primary or secondary, its pathogenesis is still unclear and is influenced by a combination of factors. In a variety of inflammatory and immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages (intrahepatic macrophages are also known as Kupffer cells), mast cells, NK cells, and even T cells in humoral immunity and B cells in cellular immunity, inflammation can be a "second strike" against cholestatic liver injury. These cells, stimulated by a variety of factors such as bile acids, inflammatory chemokines, and complement, can be activated and accumulate in the cholestatic liver, and with the involvement of inflammatory mediators and modulation by cytokines, can lead to destruction of hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells and exacerbate (and occasionally retard) the progression of cholestatic liver disease. In this paper, we summarized the new research advances proposed so far regarding the relationship between inflammation and cholestasis, aiming to provide reference for researchers and clinicians in the field of cholestatic liver injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Yang Y, He X, Rojas M, Leung PSC, Gao L. Mechanism-based target therapy in primary biliary cholangitis: opportunities before liver cirrhosis? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184252. [PMID: 37325634 PMCID: PMC10266968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease characterized by cholestasis, biliary injuries, liver fibrosis, and chronic non-suppurative cholangitis. The pathogenesis of PBC is multifactorial and involves immune dysregulation, abnormal bile metabolism, and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are currently used as first- and second-line treatments, respectively. However, many patients do not respond adequately to UDCA, and the long-term effects of these drugs are limited. Recent research has advanced our understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis in PBC and greatly facilitated development of novel drugs to target mechanistic checkpoints. Animal studies and clinical trials of pipeline drugs have yielded promising results in slowing disease progression. Targeting immune mediated pathogenesis and anti-inflammatory therapies are focused on the early stage, while anti-cholestatic and anti-fibrotic therapies are emphasized in the late stage of disease, which is characterized by fibrosis and cirrhosis development. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that currently, there exists a dearth of therapeutic options that can effectively impede the progression of the disease to its terminal stages. Hence, there is an urgent need for further research aimed at investigating the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms with potential therapeutic effects. This review highlights our current knowledge of the underlying immunological and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis in PBC. Further, we also address current mechanism-based target therapies for PBC and potential therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - XiaoSong He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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8
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Kong W, Li X, Zou M, Zhang Y, Cai H, Zhang L, Wang X. iNKT17 cells play a pathogenic role in ethinylestradiol-induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:561-580. [PMID: 36329302 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is closely associated with inflammation in intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC). Targeting IL-17 ameliorates IHC in mice. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are predominantly enriched in the liver and they mediate drug-induced liver injury through their secreted cytokines. However, whether iNKT17 cells are involved in ethinylestradiol (EE)-induced IHC remains unclear. In the present study, the administration of EE (10 mg/kg in vivo and 6.25 μM in vitro) promoted the activation and expansion of iNKT17 cells, which contributed to a novel hepatic iNKT17/Treg imbalance. iNKT cell-deficient Jα18-/- mice and the RORγt inhibitor digoxin (20 μg) alleviated EE-induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity and downregulated the IL-17 signalling pathway. In contrast, the co-administration of EE with recombinant IL-17 (1 μg) to Jα18-/- mice induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity and increased the infiltration of hepatic neutrophils and monocytes. Importantly, the administration of IL-17-/- iNKT cells (3.5 × 105) to Jα18-/- mice resulted in the attenuation of hepatotoxicity and the recruitment of fewer hepatic neutrophils and monocytes than the adoptive transfer of wild-type iNKT cells. These results indicated that iNKT17 cells could exert pathogenic effects. The recruitment and activation of iNKT17 cells could be attributed to the high level of CXCR3 expression on their surface. CXCL10 deficiency ameliorated EE-induced cholestatic liver damage, reduced hepatic CXCR3+ iNKT cells and inhibited RORγt expression. These findings suggest that iNKT17 cells play a key role in EE-induced cholestatic liver injury via CXCR3-mediated recruitment and activation. Our study provides new insights and therapeutic targets for cholestatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Kong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengzhi Zou
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Heng Cai
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Park JW, Kim JH, Kim SE, Jung JH, Jang MK, Park SH, Lee MS, Kim HS, Suk KT, Kim DJ. Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Knowledge of Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061288. [PMID: 35740310 PMCID: PMC9220082 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiopathies encompass various biliary diseases affecting the biliary epithelium, resulting in cholestasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately liver cirrhosis. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are the most important progressive cholangiopathies in adults. Much research has broadened the scope of disease biology to genetic risk, epigenetic changes, dysregulated mucosal immunity, altered biliary epithelial cell function, and dysbiosis, all of which interact and arise in the context of ill-defined environmental triggers. An in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these cholestatic diseases will help clinicians better prevent and treat diseases. In this review, we focus on the main underlying mechanisms of disease initiation and progression, and novel targeted therapeutics beyond currently approved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Jang Han Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Myung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Hyoung-Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-240-5646
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10
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Th17 cells in the liver: balancing autoimmunity and pathogen defense. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:509-526. [PMID: 35211777 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to carcinogenesis, T helper 17 (Th17) cells (a subtype of CD4 + T lymphocytes) are involved in the acute, chronic, and cirrhotic phases of liver diseases; however, their role in the development and progression of liver diseases remains unclear. It is difficult to elucidate the role of Th17 cells in liver diseases due to their dichotomous nature, i.e., plasticity in terms of pathogenic or host protective function depending on environmental and time phase factors. Moreover, insufficient depletion of Th17 cells by inhibiting the cytokines and transcription factors involved in their production causes difficulties in analyzing their specific role in vitro and in vivo murine models, partially due to complex interaction. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the plasticity and function of hepatic Th17 cells and type 3 cytokines.
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11
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Geyer CE, Newling M, Sritharan L, Griffith GR, Chen HJ, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. C-Reactive Protein Controls IL-23 Production by Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111638. [PMID: 34769069 PMCID: PMC8583945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein in humans that is produced in high quantities by the liver upon infection and under inflammatory conditions. Although CRP is commonly used as a marker of inflammation, CRP can also directly contribute to inflammation by eliciting pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. Since CRP is highly elevated in serum under inflammatory conditions, we have studied the CRP-induced cytokine profile of human monocytes, one of the main innate immune cell populations in blood. We identified that CRP is relatively unique in its capacity to induce production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which was in stark contrast to a wide panel of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands. We show that CRP-induced IL-23 production was mediated at the level of gene transcription, since CRP particularly promoted gene transcription of IL23A (encoding IL-23p19) instead of IL12A (encoding IL-12p35), while PRR ligands induce the opposite response. Interestingly, when CRP stimulation was combined with PRR ligand stimulation, as for example, occurs in the context of sepsis, IL-23 production by monocytes was strongly reduced. Combined, these data identify CRP as a unique individual ligand to induce IL-23 production by monocytes, which may contribute to shaping systemic immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E. Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Melissa Newling
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R. Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Dominique L. P. Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205668043
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12
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Paillet J, Plantureux C, Lévesque S, Le Naour J, Stoll G, Sauvat A, Caudana P, Tosello Boari J, Bloy N, Lachkar S, Martins I, Opolon P, Checcoli A, Delaune A, Robil N, de la Grange P, Hamroune J, Letourneur F, Autret G, Leung PS, Gershwin ME, Zhu JS, Kurth MJ, Lekbaby B, Augustin J, Kim Y, Gujar S, Coulouarn C, Fouassier L, Zitvogel L, Piaggio E, Housset C, Soussan P, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G, Pol JG. Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200853. [PMID: 34495298 PMCID: PMC8429038 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) results from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic diseases in which cholangiocytes are primarily damaged. Although PSC is an inflammatory condition predisposing to CCA, CCA is almost never found in the autoimmune context of PBC. Here, we hypothesized that PBC might favor CCA immunosurveillance. In preclinical murine models of cholangitis challenged with syngeneic CCA, PBC (but not PSC) reduced the frequency of CCA development and delayed tumor growth kinetics. This PBC-related effect appeared specific to CCA as it was not observed against other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The protective effect of PBC was relying on type 1 and type 2 T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, on B cells. Single-cell TCR/RNA sequencing revealed the existence of TCR clonotypes shared between the liver and CCA tumor of a PBC host. Altogether, these results evidence a mechanistic overlapping between autoimmunity and cancer immunosurveillance in the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Paillet
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Céleste Plantureux
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sarah Lévesque
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pamela Caudana
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Lachkar
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Andrea Checcoli
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U900, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Juliette Hamroune
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris, France
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Jie S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Département de Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Rennes 1, Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Department of Hepatology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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13
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Reuveni D, Brezis MR, Brazowski E, Vinestock P, Leung PSC, Thakker P, Gershwin ME, Zigmond E. Interleukin 23 Produced by Hepatic Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Is Essential for the Development of Murine Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718841. [PMID: 34484224 PMCID: PMC8414574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is an organ-specific autoimmune liver disease. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), comprise of monocyte, dendritic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, constitute major arm of the innate immune system known to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. MNPs were shown to accumulate around intra-hepatic bile ducts in livers of PBC patients. Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-23-positive cells were detected in livers of patients with advanced stage PBC and IL-23 serum levels found to be in correlation with PBC disease severity. Our overall goal was to assess the importance of IL-23 derived from MNPs in PBC pathogenesis. Methods We utilized an inducible murine model of PBC and took advantage of transgenic mice targeting expression of IL-23 by specific MNP populations. Analysis included liver histology assessment, flow cytometry of hepatic immune cells and hepatic cytokine profile evaluation. Specific MNPs sub-populations were sorted and assessed for IL-23 expression levels. Results Flow cytometry analysis of non-parenchymal liver cells in autoimmune cholangitis revealed massive infiltration of the liver by MNPs and neutrophils and a decrease in Kupffer cells numbers. In addition, a 4-fold increase in the incidence of hepatic IL-17A producing CD4+ T cells was found to be associated with an increase in hepatic IL23-p19 and IL17A expression levels. Disease severity was significantly ameliorated in both CD11ccreP19flox/flox and CX3CR1creP19 flox/flox mice as assessed by reduced portal inflammation and decreased hepatic expression of various inflammatory cytokines. Amelioration of disease severity was associated with reduction in IL-17A producing CD4+ T cells percentages and decreased hepatic IL23-p19 and IL17A expression levels. qRT-PCR analysis of sorted hepatic MNPs demonstrated high expression levels of IL-23 mRNA specifically by CX3CR1hiCD11c+ monocyte-derived macrophages. Conclusion Our results indicate a major role for IL-23 produced by hepatic monocyte-derived macrophages in the pathogenesis of PBC. These results may pave the road for the development of new immune-based and cell specific therapeutic modalities for PBC patients not responding to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Reuveni
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam R Brezis
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Philip Vinestock
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Paresh Thakker
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Ismail AM, Higazi AM, Nomeir HM, Farag NM. IL-23/Th17 pathway and IL-17A gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with immune thrombocbytopenic purpura. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:178. [PMID: 34446083 PMCID: PMC8394206 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired complex autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Uncontrolled cellular immune response is one of the key triggers for the loss of immune tolerance in ITP patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of IL-23/Th17, IL-17A and IL-17A rs2275913 gene polymorphism with ITP in Egyptian children. Methods 60 patients with ITP and 50 healthy control children from Minia city- Egypt were involved. Serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17A were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of Th17 cells was measured using flow cytometer. Genotyping for IL-17A was performed via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Comparing children with ITP to controls, serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17A as well as Th17 cells percentage were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Also, higher levels of these ILs and Th17 cells percentage were associated with decreased platelet count within ITP patients (p < 0.001). Analysis of genotype frequencies for IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism and its alleles (A, G) showed no significant difference between cases and controls. Likewise, no significant differences were demonstrated between acute and chronic ITP regarding both IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism prevalence and levels of IL-23, IL-17A plus Th17 cells percentage. The frequency of A alleles was 85 and 86% within patients and controls, respectively. Conclusions Elevated levels of IL-23, IL-17A and Th17 cells may be involved in ITP pathogenesis while IL-17A polymorphism rs2275913 is not prevalent in Egyptian children with ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M Ismail
- Minia Maternity and Children University Hospital, Pediatrics department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa M Higazi
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Nomeir
- Medical Biochemistry department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Farag
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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15
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Clinical Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Strategies and Evolving Trends. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 59:175-194. [PMID: 31713023 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PBC is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder involving the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, cholestasis, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis if left untreated. It is largely driven by the autoimmune response, but bile acids and the intestinal microbiota are implicated in disease progression as well. The only drugs licensed for PBC are UDCA and OCA. UDCA as a first-line and OCA as a second-line therapy are safe and effective, but the lack of response in a significant portion of patients and inadequate control of symptoms such as fatigue and pruritus remain as concerns. Liver transplantation is an end-stage therapy for many patients refractory to UDCA, which gives excellent survival rates but also moderate to high recurrence rates. The limited options for FDA-approved PBC therapies necessitate the development of alternative approaches. Currently, a wide variety of experimental drugs exist targeting immunological and physiological aspects of PBC to suppress inflammation. Immunological therapies include drugs targeting immune molecules in the B cell and T cell response, and specific cytokines and chemokines implicated in inflammation. Drugs targeting bile acids are also noteworthy as bile acids can perpetuate hepatic inflammation and lead to fibrosis over time. These include FXR agonists, ASBT inhibitors, and PPAR agonists such as bezafibrate and fenofibrate. Nonetheless, many of these drugs can only delay disease progression and fail to enhance patients' quality of life. Nanomedicine shows great potential for treatment of autoimmune diseases, as it provides a new approach that focuses on tolerance induction rather than immunosuppression. Tolerogenic nanoparticles carrying immune-modifying agents can be engineered to safely and effectively target the antigen-specific immune response in autoimmune diseases. These may work well with PBC especially, given the anatomical features and immunological specificity of the disease. Nanobiological therapy is thus an area of highly promising research for future treatment of PBC.
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Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa immunomodulatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111774. [PMID: 34062409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews and compares the immunomodulatory activities of Crocus sativus (C. sativus) and Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and their main bioactive compounds. Immunomodulatory effects of these plants, especially with respect to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, are discussed based on relevant articles, books, and conference papers published in English until the end of April 2020, that were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. C. sativus and its constituents increase immunoglobulin (Ig-)G, interleukin 2 (IL)-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, but decreased IgM, IL-10 and IL-4 secretion. N. sativa extract and thymoquinone reduce the levels of IL-2, -4, -10, and -12, while enhance IFN-γ and serum IgG1 and 2a. The reviewed articles indicate that C. sativus and N. sativa and their constituents could be potentially considered promising treatments for disorders associated with immune-dysregulation such as asthma and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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IL12B and IL23R polymorphisms are associated with alopecia areata. Genes Immun 2020; 21:203-210. [PMID: 32355229 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which activation of autoreactive T cells and inflammatory immune signals target the hair follicles autoantigens. Although cytokines are involved in regulating autoimmune inflammation, the specific involvement of these molecules in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata has been remained unsettled. Here, a possible influence of IL12B, IL17A, and IL23R variations on susceptibility to alopecia areata in Iranian patients was investigated. Genotyping of IL12B (rs3212227), IL17A (rs2275913), and IL23R (rs10889677) variants were performed by extracting genomic DNA from patients and controls. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The frequency of IL12B and IL23R gene polymorphisms is significantly higher in the patients than controls, while no significant difference was found for IL17A. Stratification of the patients with respect to age at disease onset indicated that CC genotype of IL12B (rs3212227) and AA genotype of IL23R (rs10889677) gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with late-onset alopecia areata disease. In contrast to IL17A and IL23R, IL12B gene expression levels elevated in patients to that of controls, but genotypes had no effect on levels of gene expression. Overall, our data confirmed that the IL12B and IL23R polymorphisms are associated with the risk to develop alopecia areata in our population.
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18
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Narayanan P, Curtis BR, Shen L, Schneider E, Tami JA, Paz S, Burel SA, Tai LJ, Machemer T, Kwoh TJ, Xia S, Shattil SJ, Witztum JL, Engelhardt JA, Henry SP, Monia BP, Hughes SG. Underlying Immune Disorder May Predispose Some Transthyretin Amyloidosis Subjects to Inotersen-Mediated Thrombocytopenia. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:94-103. [PMID: 32043907 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inotersen, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, reduced disease progression and improved quality of life in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN) in the NEURO-TTR and NEURO-TTR open-label extension (OLE) trials. However, 300 mg/week inotersen treatment was associated with platelet count reductions in several patients. Mean platelet counts in patients in the NEURO-TTR-inotersen group remained ≥140 × 109/L in 50% and ≥100 × 109/L in 80% of the subjects. However, grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25 × 109/L) occurred in three subjects in NEURO-TTR trial, and one of these suffered a fatal intracranial hemorrhage. The two others were treated successfully with corticosteroids and discontinuation of inotersen. Investigations in a subset of subjects in NEURO-TTR (n = 17 placebo; n = 31 inotersen) and OLE (n = 33) trials ruled out direct myelotoxicity, consumptive coagulopathy, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected at baseline in 5 of 31 (16%) inotersen-treated subjects in NEURO-TTR, 4 of whom eventually developed grade 1 or 2 thrombocytopenia while on the drug. In addition, 24 subjects in the same group developed treatment-emergent antiplatelet IgG antibodies, of which 2 developed grade 2, and 3 developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet IgG antibodies in two of the three grade 4 thrombocytopenia subjects targeted GPIIb/IIIa. Plasma cytokines previously implicated in immune dysregulation, such as interleukin (IL)-23 and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were often above the normal range at baseline. Collectively, these findings suggest an underlying immunologic dysregulation predisposing some individuals to immune-mediated thrombocytopenia during inotersen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Platelet and Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, Versiti Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Paz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California.,aTyr Pharma, San Diego California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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19
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Hydes TJ, Blunt MD, Naftel J, Vallejo AF, Seumois G, Wang A, Vijayanand P, Polak ME, Khakoo SI. Constitutive Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2633. [PMID: 31803181 PMCID: PMC6874097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that interface with the adaptive immune system to generate a pro-inflammatory immune environment. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a hepatic autoimmune disorder with extrahepatic associations including systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome and thyroiditis. Immunogenetic studies have identified polymorphisms of the IL-12/STAT4 pathway as being associated with PBC. As this pathway is important for NK cell function we investigated NK cells in PBC. Circulating NK cells from individuals with PBC were constitutively activated, with higher levels of CD49a and the liver-homing marker, CXCR6, compared to participants with non-autoimmune chronic liver disease and healthy controls. Stimulation with minimal amounts of IL-12 (0.005 ng/ml) led to significant upregulation of CXCR6 (p < 0.005), and enhanced IFNγ production (p < 0.02) on NK cells from PBC patients compared to individuals with non-autoimmune chronic liver disease, indicating dysregulation of the IL-12/STAT4 axis. In RNAseq studies, resting NK cells from PBC patients had a constitutively activated transcriptional profile and upregulation of genes associated with IL-12/STAT4 signaling and metabolic reprogramming. Consistent with these findings, resting NK cells from PBC patients expressed higher levels of pSTAT4 compared to control groups (p < 0.001 vs. healthy controls and p < 0.05 vs. liver disease controls). In conclusion NK cells in PBC are sensitive to minute quantities of IL-12 and have a “primed” phenotype. We therefore propose that peripheral priming of NK cells to express tissue-homing markers may contribute to the pathophysiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Hydes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Naftel
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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20
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Sun Q, Wang Q, Feng N, Meng Y, Li B, Luo D, Shang X, Lv J, Monsaf AM, Wang C, Ma X. The expression and clinical significance of serum IL-17 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:389. [PMID: 31555703 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods PBC patients (n=127), patients without PBC (n=100) were selected from January 2015 to December 2015.The measure of IL-17 level was performed by cytometric beads array (CBA), immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Results The expression levels of serum IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 in PBC groups were significantly higher than control group, a positively correlation between IL-17 and ALT, ALP, GGT, CIV was observed in PBC patients (r=0.350, P=0.013; r=0.373, P=0.008; r=0.337, P=0.017; r=0.349, P=0.021). In addition, IL-17 mRNA expression level in PBC group was higher than control group. Immunohistochemical results suggest that positive cells did not appear in normal tissues, while they appeared in the PBC liver tissue, mainly in the bile duct. Conclusions This study shows that IL-17 over expressed in PBC patients, it played a pro-inflammatory effect in the pathogenesis of PBC, most probably as a targeting drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Sun
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Ning Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Demei Luo
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Ahmad Maqsuod Monsaf
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Changmin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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21
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Arsenijevic A, Milovanovic J, Stojanovic B, Djordjevic D, Stanojevic I, Jankovic N, Vojvodic D, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Milovanovic M. Gal-3 Deficiency Suppresses Novosphyngobium aromaticivorans Inflammasome Activation and IL-17 Driven Autoimmune Cholangitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1309. [PMID: 31231399 PMCID: PMC6568238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gal-3 has the role in multiple inflammatory pathways. Multiple-hit etiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and evolving immune response at various stages of the disease includes involvement of Gal-3 in PBC pathogenesis. In this study we aimed to clarify the role of Gal-3 in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (N. aromaticivorans) induced biliary disease. Autoimmune cholangitis was induced in mice by two intra-peritoneal injections of N. aromaticivorans within 2 weeks. The role of Gal-3 was evaluated by using Lgals3−/− mice and mice treated with Gal-3 inhibitor. The histological and serological parameters of disease, phenotype of dendritic, NK, NKT, and T cells and inflammasome expression were evaluated. Marked attenuation of the disease in Lgals3−/− and Gal-3 inhibitor, DAVANAT®, treated mice is manifested by the absence of bile duct damage, granulomas and fibrosis. Liver infiltrates of N. aromaticivorans infected wild type mice had higher incidence of pro-inflammatory macrophages, dendritic cells, NK, NKT, and T cells. Lgals3 deletion and treatment with Gal-3 inhibitor reduced inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate, expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver infiltrates and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in the livers of N. aromaticivorans infected mice. In vitro stimulation of wild type peritoneal macrophages with N. aromaticivorans caused increased NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production compared with Lgals3−/− cells. Our data highlight the importance of Gal-3 in promotion of inflammation in N. aromaticivorans induced PBC by enhancing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1β and indicate Gal-3 as possible therapeutical target in autoimmune cholangitis. Galectin-3 appears involved in inflammatory response to gut commensal leading to PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Histology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Djordjevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Jankovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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22
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Immunological abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:741-760. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease occurring predominantly in women, is characterized by high titers of serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. The immune system plays a critical role in PBC pathogenesis and a variety of immune cell subsets have been shown to infiltrate the portal tract areas of patients with PBC. Amongst the participating immune cells, CD4 T cells are important cytokine-producing cells that foster an inflammatory microenvironment. Specifically, these cells orchestrate activation of other immune cells, including autoreactive effector CD8 T cells that cause biliary epithelial cell (BEC) injury and B cells that produce large quantities of AMAs. Meanwhile, other immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, monocytes, and macrophages are also important in PBC pathogenesis. Activation of these cells initiates and perpetuates bile duct damage in PBC patients, leading to intrahepatic cholestasis, hepatic damage, liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis or even liver failure. Taken together, the body of accumulated clinical and experimental evidence has enhanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of PBC and suggests that immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding immunological abnormalities of PBC patients, with emphasis on underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The differential immune response which occurs over decades of disease activity suggests that different therapies may be needed at different stages of disease.
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23
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Beringer A, Miossec P. IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells and liver diseases, with focus on autoimmune liver diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1176-1185. [PMID: 30321671 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-17-producing cells are important players in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune / inflammatory diseases. More recently, they have been associated with liver diseases. This review first describes the general knowledge on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells. The second part describes the in vitro and in vivo effects of IL-17 on liver cells and the contribution of IL-17 producing cells to liver diseases. IL-17 induces immune cell infiltration and liver damage driving to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and contributes to autoimmune liver diseases. The circulating levels of IL-17 and the frequency of IL-17-producing cells are elevated in a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases. The last part focuses on the effects of IL-17 deletion or neutralization in various murine models. Some of these observed beneficial effects suggest that targeting the IL-17 axis could be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent chronicity and progression of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beringer
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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24
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Santiago P, Scheinberg AR, Levy C. Cholestatic liver diseases: new targets, new therapies. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818787400. [PMID: 30159035 PMCID: PMC6109852 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818787400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases result from gradual destruction of bile ducts, accumulation of bile acids and self-perpetuation of the inflammatory process leading to damage to cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. If left untreated, cholestasis will lead to fibrosis, biliary cirrhosis, and ultimately end-stage liver disease. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are the two most common chronic cholestatic liver diseases affecting adults, and their etiologies remain puzzling. While treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has significantly improved outcomes and prolonged transplant-free survival for patients with PBC, treatment options for UDCA nonresponders remain limited. Furthermore, there is no available medical therapy for PSC. With recent advances in molecular biochemistry specifically related to bile acid regulation and understanding of immunologic pathways, novel pharmacologic treatments have emerged. In this review, we discuss the standard of care and emphasize the various emerging treatments for PBC and PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital
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25
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Wang C, Wang L, Hu J, Li H, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Increased Expression of IL-23 Receptor (IL-23R) in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Disease. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1369-1373. [PMID: 29877734 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1485952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells that target melanocytes. It has been shown that IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling promotes the generation of pathogenic T helper 17 cells. The aim of this study was designed to detect the possible role of IL-23R in VKH disease. METHODS Subjects were divided into an active and inactive VKH patient group and a normal control group. The IL-23R level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. PBMCs were stimulated with serum from patients or controls to detect the influence of serum from VKH patients on IL-23R expression. RESULTS The IL-23R mRNA level was markedly increased in PBMCs from the active VKH patient group as compared to normal controls. Flow cytometry analysis showed that there was also an elevated IL-23R protein level in PBMCs in active VKH patients. The IL-23R protein level was higher in PBMCs obtained from healthy controls when they were cultured with serum from active VKH patient as compared to cell cultured with serum from normal controls. After the intraocular inflammation in VKH patients was controlled, the IL-23R gene expression returned back to normal levels. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that an elevated IL-23R level may participate in the development of VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokui Wang
- a Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Luoziyi Wang
- a Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Jianping Hu
- a Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- a Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- b University Eye Clinic Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- a Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
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Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic disease characterized by destruction of small- and medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts. It is no longer a rare disease, since many new asymptomatic cases are incidentally identified. Liver biopsy is diagnostically critical but not always feasible or practical to be performed. Many potential, noninvasive, markers have been proposed to replace liver biopsy and further provide the assessment of disease severity and ultimate prognosis. In this review, we evaluated serum biomarkers proposed for diagnosis, extent of fibrosis, disease prognosis and attempts for early prediction of treatment response. Older biochemical and immunological markers are presented along with recent reports including the role of microRNAs and promising results based on proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital and Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrius Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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27
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Xu J, Jiang L, Cao H, Jia Y, Wu S, Jiang C, Sun T. Predictive Value of CD4 +/CD8 + Ratio in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:213-220. [PMID: 29664688 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) is a key determinant of therapy for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in patients with breast cancer. To assess the predictive value of preoperative inflammatory cells for response to rhTPO in breast cancer patients, a total of 198 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled between June 2011 and December 2016 in Liaoning Cancer Hospital. Peripheral blood samples before rhTPO therapy were obtained, the ratios of helper T cell (CD4+), cytotoxic T cell (CD8+), NK cell (CD16+/CD56+), and B cell (CD19+) were analyzed, and CD4/CD8 ratios were calculated. The association between each marker and response to rhTPO was analyzed using the log-rank test. Of 198 patients, response was achieved in 151 (76.26%) patients. The predictive of CD4+/CD8+ ratio gave a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 80% in the training cohort and a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 87% in the test cohort, when the cutoff value was set to 1.56. Plasma levels of NK cell ratio and B cell ratio were similar in either responders or nonresponders for rhTPO. Plasma CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in responders than in nonresponders for rhTPO (1.27 ± 0.49 vs. 2.24 ± 0.92, P < 0.05). Among 83 patients with grade 2 CIT, plasma CD4+/CD8+ ratio was lower significantly in rhTPO responders than in rhTPO nonresponders (1.19 ± 0.47 vs. 2.22 ± 1.11, P < 0.05) with 83% accuracy, but we observed little significant differences in patients with grade 3/4 CIT (1.32 ± 0.51 vs. 2.25 ± 0.77, P < 0.05) with 76% accuracy. Plasma CD4+/CD8+ ratio at baseline was significantly associated with response to rhTPO. We conclude that pretreatment CD4+/CD8+ ratio is a convenient, easily measured predictive indicator for patients with breast cancer receiving rhTPO, especially in patients with grade 2 CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Xu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China .,2 Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research , Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Jia
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Cui Jiang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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28
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Erice O, Munoz-Garrido P, Vaquero J, Perugorria MJ, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Saez E, Santos-Laso A, Arbelaiz A, Jimenez-Agüero R, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, Torrano V, Carracedo A, Ananthanarayanan M, Marzioni M, Prieto J, Beuers U, Oude Elferink RP, LaRusso NF, Bujanda L, Marin JJG, Banales JM. MicroRNA-506 promotes primary biliary cholangitis-like features in cholangiocytes and immune activation. Hepatology 2018; 67:1420-1440. [PMID: 28922472 PMCID: PMC5857422 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease associated with autoimmune phenomena targeting intrahepatic bile duct cells (cholangiocytes). Although its etiopathogenesis remains obscure, development of antimitochondrial autoantibodies against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 is a common feature. MicroRNA (miR) dysregulation occurs in liver and immune cells of PBC patients, but its functional relevance is largely unknown. We previously reported that miR-506 is overexpressed in PBC cholangiocytes and directly targets both Cl- / HCO3- anion exchanger 2 and type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, leading to cholestasis. Here, the regulation of miR-506 gene expression and its role in cholangiocyte pathophysiology and immune activation was studied. Several proinflammatory cytokines overexpressed in PBC livers (such as interleukin-8 [IL8], IL12, IL17, IL18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) stimulated miR-506 promoter activity in human cholangiocytes, as revealed by luciferase reporter assays. Experimental overexpression of miR-506 in cholangiocytes dysregulated the cell proteomic profile (by mass spectrometry), affecting proteins involved in different biological processes including mitochondrial metabolism. In cholangiocytes, miR-506 (1) induced dedifferentiation with down-regulation of biliary and epithelial markers together with up-regulation of mesenchymal, proinflammatory, and profibrotic markers; (2) impaired cell proliferation and adhesion; (3) increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress; (4) caused DNA damage; and (5) sensitized to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by cytotoxic bile acids. These events were also associated with impaired energy metabolism in mitochondria (proton leak and less adenosine triphosphate production) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 overexpression. Coculture of miR-506 overexpressing cholangiocytes with PBC immunocytes induced activation and proliferation of PBC immunocytes. CONCLUSION Different proinflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of miR-506 in biliary epithelial cells; miR-506 induces PBC-like features in cholangiocytes and promotes immune activation, representing a potential therapeutic target for PBC patients. (Hepatology 2018;67:1420-1440).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Erice
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, and Fondation ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Saez
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Arbelaiz
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raul Jimenez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Verónica Torrano
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jesus Prieto
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute-Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Li T, Huang Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Gu M, Qian C, Deng A. Lower Plasma Levels of IL-35 in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 244:123-131. [PMID: 29445068 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.244.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Li
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yuanlan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, No. 455 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Mingli Gu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 100th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China
| | - Anmei Deng
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
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Functional analyses of the interaction of chicken interleukin 23 subunit p19 with IL-12 subunit p40 to form the IL-23 complex. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Diny NL, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28496445 PMCID: PMC5406413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel R Rose
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Detection of AMA-M2 in human saliva: Potentials in diagnosis and monitoring of primary biliary cholangitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:796. [PMID: 28400582 PMCID: PMC5429755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2 (AMA-M2) is considered as a pivotal biomarker for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, serological tests have many limitations, including inconvenience, invasiveness, and infection risks. Thus, a less invasive approach to detect AMA-M2 titer is desirable. We examined salivary AMA-M2 of potential PBC patients and found that AMA-M2 could be detected only in saliva of serum AMA-M2-positive PBC patients, but not in saliva of serum AMA-M2-negative PBC patients, oral lichen planus patients (OLP) patients, or healthy controls. Furthermore, the concentration of salivary AMA-M2 was positively correlated with the amount of serum AMA-M2 in patients. The salivary inflammatory cytokines were increased in the PBC, consistent with the results of serum test. These findings indicated that saliva might be a less invasive and cost-effective medium to accurately test for AMA-M2 levels and this is a promising development for the diagnosis and monitoring of PBC.
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Kempinska-Podhorodecka A, Milkiewicz M, Wasik U, Ligocka J, Zawadzki M, Krawczyk M, Milkiewicz P. Decreased Expression of Vitamin D Receptor Affects an Immune Response in Primary Biliary Cholangitis via the VDR-miRNA155-SOCS1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020289. [PMID: 28146070 PMCID: PMC5343825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated cholestatic disease. Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent signaling constrains an inflammatory response by targeting the miRNA155-SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1) axis. The VDR-miRNA155-SOCS1 pathway was investigated in the context of the autoimmune response associated with PBC. Human liver tissues from non-cirrhotic PBC (n = 22), cirrhotic PBC (n = 22), cirrhotic primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, n = 13), controls (n = 23), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from PBC (n = 16) and PSC (n = 10) patients and healthy subjects (n = 11) were used for molecular analyses. VDR mRNA and protein expressions were substantially reduced in PBC livers (51% and 59%, respectively). Correspondingly, the decrease of SOCS1 protein expression in PBC livers, after normalization to a marker of lymphocytes and forkhead family transcriptional regulator box P3 (FOXP3, marker of Treg), was observed, and this phenomenon was accompanied by enhanced miRNA155 expression. In PSC livers, protein expressions of VDR and SOCS1 were comparable to the controls. However, in PBM cells, protein expressions of VDR and SOCS1 were considerably decreased in both PBC and PSC. We demonstrated that VDR/miRNA155-modulated SOCS1 expression is decreased in PBC which may lead to insufficient negative regulation of cytokine signaling. These findings suggest that the decreased VDR signaling in PBC could be of importance in the pathogenesis of PBC.
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MESH Headings
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/etiology
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/metabolism
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunomodulation
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein/genetics
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Urszula Wasik
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ligocka
- Department of General Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Michał Zawadzki
- Department of General Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Marek Krawczyk
- Department of General Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Translation Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
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Qu MM, Liu XN, Liu XG, Feng Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhang L, Li GS, Zhu YY, Lv MY, Peng J, Hou M. Cytokine changes in response to TPO receptor agonist treatment in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Cytokine 2017; 92:110-117. [PMID: 28142109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) have been clinically used in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with favorable outcomes, while their effect on cytokine regulation in ITP remains unknown. In the present study, plasma and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-17A, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were determined by ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR in 26 corticosteroid-resistant/relapsed ITP patients receiving eltrombopag or rhTPO therapy and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Results showed that plasma and mRNA levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A in ITP patients did not change significantly after TPO-RA treatment, whereas TGF-β1 levels increased remarkably. The pre- and post-treatment plasma and mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher, while the pre- and post-treatment IL-4 levels as well as the pre-treatment TGF-β1 levels were remarkably lower in ITP patients compared with HCs. There was no significant difference in TGF-β1 levels between TPO-RA-treated ITP patients and HCs. No statistical difference was found in plasma levels of IL-17A between ITP patients before or after treatment and HCs. However, the pre- and post-treatment mRNA expression of IL-17A and retinoic orphan receptor (ROR) γt in ITP patients were higher than that in HCs. Overall, these findings indicated that TPO-RA treatment could promote the secretion of TGF-β1, while it could not correct the Th1 and Th17 polarization in ITP patients. This study might improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of TPO-RAs and provide important information for optimizing therapeutic strategies for ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Qu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xue-Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ming-Yun Lv
- Reproductive Center, Rizhao Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Rizhao, PR China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Giles DA, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. IL-17 Axis Driven Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:1315-23. [PMID: 26028039 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150531153627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, the most common chronic liver disease in the world, represents a spectrum of disorders that range from steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. It is anticipated that NAFLD will soon surpass chronic hepatitis C infection as the leading cause for needing liver transplantation. Despite its clinical and public health significance no specific therapies are available. Although the etiology of NAFLD is multifactorial and remains largely enigmatic, it is well accepted that inflammation is a central component of NAFLD pathogenesis. Despite the significance, critical immune mediators, loci of immune activation, the immune signaling pathways and the mechanism(s) underlying disease progression remain incompletely understood. Recent findings have focused on the role of Interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity and pathogenesis of obesity-associated sequelae. Notably, obesity favors a Th17 bias and is associated with increased IL-17A expression in both humans and mice. Further, in mice, IL-17 axis has been implicated in regulation of both obesity and NAFLD pathogenesis. However, despite these recent advances several important questions require further evaluation including: the relevant cellular source of IL-17A production; the critical IL- 17RA-expressing cell type; the critical liver infiltrating immune cells; and the underlying cellular effector mechanisms. Addressing these questions may aid in the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets for prevention of inflammation- driven NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center TCHRF - Location S, Room #S.5.409 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039 U.S.A.
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Gemery JM, Forauer AR, Silas AM, Hoffer EK. Hypersplenism in liver disease and SLE revisited: current evidence supports an active rather than passive process. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26865982 PMCID: PMC4748462 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-016-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active and passive theories have been advanced to explain splenomegaly and cytopenias in liver disease. Dameshek proposed active downregulation of hematopoiesis. Doan proposed passive trapping of blood components in a spleen enlarged by portal hypertension. Recent findings do not support a passive process. DISCUSSION Cytopenias and splenomegaly in both liver disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) poorly correlate with portal hypertension, and likely reflect an active process allocating stem cell resources in response to injury. Organ injury is repaired partly by bone-marrow-derived stem cells. Signaling would thus be needed to allocate resources between repair and routine marrow activities, hematologic and bone production. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may play a central role: mobilizing stem cells, increasing spleen size and downregulating bone production. Serum G-CSF rises with liver injury, and is elevated in chronic liver disease and SLE. Signaling, not sequestration, likely accounts for splenomegaly and osteopenia in liver disease and SLE. The downregulation of a non-repair use of stem cells, bone production, suggests that repair efforts are prioritized. Other non-repair uses might be downregulated, namely hematologic production, as Dameshek proposed. SUMMARY Recognition that an active process may exist to allocate stem-cell resources would provide new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cytopenias in liver disease, SLE and potentially other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Gemery
- />Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
- />Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Andrew R. Forauer
- />Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Anne M. Silas
- />Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Eric K. Hoffer
- />Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
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Huang Q, Chu S, Yin X, Yu X, Kang C, Li X, Qiu Y. Interleukin-17A-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Cells: Implications for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 240:269-275. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshui Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Shuai Chu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Chunmin Kang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
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Consolini R, Legitimo A, Caparello MC. The Centenary of Immune Thrombocytopenia - Part 1: Revising Nomenclature and Pathogenesis. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:102. [PMID: 27807534 PMCID: PMC5069646 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of the immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is interesting and intriguing because it traces different steps underlying autoimmune diseases. The review points out the main steps that have accompanied the stages of its history and the consequential changes related to its terminology. ITP is an autoimmune disease resulting from platelet antibody-mediated destruction and impaired megakaryocyte and platelet production. However, research advances highlight that a complex dysregulation of the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. The review examines the role of the multiple immune components involved in the autoimmunity process, focusing on the more recent mechanisms, which could be new promising therapeutic targets for ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Consolini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Annalisa Legitimo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Costanza Caparello
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Serum cytokine profiling analysis for zheng differentiation in chronic hepatitis B. Chin Med 2015; 10:24. [PMID: 26312063 PMCID: PMC4550060 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver-gallbladder dampness-heat (LGDH) and liver kidney yin deficiency (LKYD) syndromes are Chinese medicine (CM) zhengs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study aims to investigate the changes in cytokines and their profiles accompanied by different biological responses in LGDH and LKYD in CHB. Methods During 2010–2012, a total of 138 morning fasting venous blood samples were obtained from participants in Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai, China. First, serum samples from 20 health controls (HCs) and 40 CHB patients (20 LGDH, 20 LKYD) were collected to detect the profiles of cytokines by multiplex biometric ELISA-based immunoassay. Random forest (RF) with a fivefold cross-validation was used to analyze the significant cytokines. Then the significant cytokines were validated using serum samples from an independent cohort of 60 CHB patients (30 LGDH, 30 LKYD) and 18 HCs. Results There were different profiles of cytokines in LGDH and LKYD. Twenty-three significantly differentially expressed cytokines were detected, among which three cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β, with the largest Gini scores were identified by RF, and further evaluated for their significant changes in serum levels. A receiver-operator characteristic analysis revealed that the logistic regression panel could differentiate LGDH from LKYD (P < 0.001; AUC = 0.827). A functional pathway analysis showed that cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway overlapped between LGDH and LKYD, whereas Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, intestinal immune network for IgA production, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway were only enriched in LGDH. Conclusions There were characteristic cytokines profiles in LGDH and LKYD with different inflammatory and immune responses. IL-17, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β might be involved in the differentiation of LGDH and LKYD in CHB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-015-0055-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Therapeutic Potential of IL-17-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Autoimmune Liver Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:436450. [PMID: 26146463 PMCID: PMC4471389 DOI: 10.1155/2015/436450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals that various cytokines and tissue microenvironments contribute to liver inflammation and autoimmunity, and IL-17 family is one of highlights acknowledged. Although the implication of IL-17 family in most common autoimmune diseases (such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis) has been extensively characterized, the role of this critical family in pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) still needs to be clarified. In the review, we look into the intriguing biology of IL-17 family and further dissect on the intricate role of IL-17-mediated pathway in AILD. Considering encouraging data from preclinical and clinical trials, IL-17 targeted therapy has shown promises in several certain autoimmune conditions. However, blocking IL-17-mediated pathway is just beginning, and more fully investigation and reflection are required. Taking together, targeting IL-17-mediated responses may open up new areas of potential clinical treatment for AILD.
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Zhang XX, Wang LF, Jin L, Li YY, Hao SL, Shi YC, Zeng QL, Li ZW, Zhang Z, Lau GKK, Wang FS. Primary biliary cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients: Incidence and risk factors. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3554-3563. [PMID: 25834320 PMCID: PMC4375577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).
METHODS: We reviewed the data of 52 PBC-associated HCC patients treated at Beijing 302 Hospital from January 2002 to December 2013 and analyzed its incidence and characteristics between the two genders. The risk factors for PBC-associated HCC were analyzed via a case-control study comprising 20 PBC patients with HCC and 77 matched controls without HCC. The matched factors included gender, age, follow-up period and Child-Pugh scores. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratios of potential risk factors for HCC development. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The incidence of HCC in Chinese PBC patients was 4.13% (52/1255) and was significantly higher in the males (9.52%) than in the females (3.31%). Among the 52 PBC patients with HCC, 55.76% (29/52) were diagnosed with HCC and PBC simultaneously, and 5.76% (3/52) were diagnosed with HCC before PBC. The males with PBC-associated HCC were more likely than the females to have undergone blood transfusion (18.75% vs 8.33%, P = 0.043), consumed alcohol (31.25% vs 8.33%, P = 0.010), smoked (31.25% vs 8.33%, P = 0.010), had a family history of malignancy (25% vs 5.56%, P = 0.012), and had serious liver inflammation, as indicated by the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (P < 0.05). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.116, 95%CI: 1.002-1.244, P = 0.045] and history of alcohol intake (AOR = 10.294, 95%CI: 1.108-95.680, P = 0.040) were significantly associated with increased odds of HCC development in PBC patients.
CONCLUSION: HCC is not rare in Chinese PBC patients. Risk factors for PBC-associated HCC include BMI ≥ 25 and a history of alcohol intake. In addition to regular monitoring, PBC patients may benefit from abstinence from alcohol and body weight control.
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Ye X, Zhang L, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhu R, Fang C, Deng A, Qian B. The role of IL-23/Th17 pathway in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117704. [PMID: 25621490 PMCID: PMC4306550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with an unclear etiology. This study aims to investigate the role of IL-23/Th17 pathway in patients with ITP. Method The gene expressions of IL-17, IL-23 and their receptors in ITP patients and healthy controls were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. ELISA was used to test the IL-17 and IL-23 levels in plasma. Flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of Th17 cells. The correlation between plasma IL-23 and IL-17 levels, Th17 cells, platelets were analyzed. The level of Th17-related cytokines was measured by ELISA following stimulation with IL-23. Subsequently, the IL-23 and IL-17 levels were measured in patients post-treatment. Results The PBMCs of ITP patients showed increased mRNA expression levels in each of the following: IL-23p19, IL-12p40, IL-23R, IL-12Rβ1, IL-17A, IL-17F, and RORC. In addition, elevated Th17 cells and plasma IL-17, IL-23 levels were also observed in these ITP patients. Furthermore, it was found that IL-23 levels in plasma are positively correlated with IL-17 levels and Th17 cells, yet negatively correlated with platelet count. Following IL-23 stimulation in vitro, IL-17 levels showed significant elevation. Furthermore, both IL-23 and IL-17 levels decreased after effective treatment. Conclusion The IL-23/Th17 pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP through enhancement of the Th17 response. Moreover, our results suggest that the IL-23/Th17 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in future attempts of ITP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaoping Fang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Anmei Deng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (AMD); (BHQ)
| | - Baohua Qian
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (AMD); (BHQ)
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Berrih-Aknin S. Myasthenia Gravis: paradox versus paradigm in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2014; 52:1-28. [PMID: 24934596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a paradigm of organ-specific autoimmune disease (AID). It is mediated by antibodies that target the neuromuscular junction. The purpose of this review is to place MG in the general context of autoimmunity, to summarize the common mechanisms between MG and other AIDs, and to describe the specific mechanisms of MG. We have chosen the most common organ-specific AIDs to compare with MG: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS), some systemic AIDs (systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS)), as well as inflammatory diseases of the gut and liver (celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)). Several features are similar between all AIDs, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms lead to their development. In this review, we address the predisposing factors (genetic, epigenetic, hormones, vitamin D, microbiota), the triggering components (infections, drugs) and their interactions with the immune system [1,2]. The dysregulation of the immune system is detailed and includes the role of B cells, Treg cells, Th17 and cytokines. We particularly focused on the role of TNF-α and interferon type I whose role in MG is very analogous to that in several other AIDS. The implication of AIRE, a key factor in central tolerance is also discussed. Finally, if MG is a prototype of AIDS, it has a clear specificity compared to the other AIDS, by the fact that the target organ, the muscle, is not the site of immune infiltration and B cell expansion, but exclusively that of antibody-mediated pathogenic mechanisms. By contrast, the thymus in the early onset subtype frequently undergoes tissue remodeling, resulting in the development of ectopic germinal centers surrounded by high endothelial venules (HEV), as observed in the target organs of many other AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center UM76, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM U974, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Myology, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Yang CY, Ma X, Tsuneyama K, Huang S, Takahashi T, Chalasani NP, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Leung PS, Ansari AA, Wu L, Coppel R, Gershwin ME. IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 biliary microenvironment in primary biliary cirrhosis: implications for therapy. Hepatology 2014; 59:1944-53. [PMID: 24375552 PMCID: PMC3999171 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23-mediated Th1/Th17 signaling pathway has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). To address the cytokine microenvironment specifically in the liver, we examined the localized expression of cytokine subunits and their corresponding receptors using previously optimized immunohistochemistry with an extensive panel of antibodies directed at IL-12p70, IL-12p35, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12RB2, IL-23p40, IL-23p19, IL-17, and IL-23R using liver from PBC (n = 51) and non-PBC (n = 80) control liver disease patients. Multiple portal tracts in each patient were blindly evaluated and individually scored. We report herein that although IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 staining was detected in all of the liver sections, they were primarily localized around the damaged interlobular bile ducts in PBC. Most important, Th17 skewing was prominent in advanced PBC patients with intensive secretion of IL-23p19 by inflamed hepatocytes around IL-23R, IL-12RB2, and IFN-γ expressing degenerated cholangiocytes. Our novel finding on the direct association of Th17 skewing and disease severity illustrates the significance of the IL-23/Th17 pathway in the perpetuation of IL-12/Th1-mediated immunopathology in PBC. Furthermore, localized IL-23p19 production by hepatocytes may enhance profibrotic Th17 signaling and proinflammatory IFN-γ production that contribute to PBC pathology. CONCLUSION Our data emphasize the pathogenic relevance of IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 in the evolution of PBC. Of significance, however, the shift from a Th1 to a Th17 imbalance at advanced stages of the disease suggests the necessity to consider modulation of the IL-23/Th17 pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yen Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Naga P. Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linda Wu
- Department of Immunology, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ross Coppel
- Departments of Microbiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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The role of IL-17 promotes spinal cord neuroinflammation via activation of the transcription factor STAT3 after spinal cord injury in the rat. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:786947. [PMID: 24914249 PMCID: PMC4021861 DOI: 10.1155/2014/786947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 via activation of STAT3 in the pathophysiology of SCI. Objective. The purpose of the experiments is to study the expression of IL-17 and related cytokines via STAT3 signaling pathways, which is caused by the acute inflammatory response following SCI in different periods via establishing an acute SCI model in rat. Methods. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hind limb locomotor rating scale was used to assess the rat hind limb motor function. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression levels of IL-17 and p-STAT3 in spinal cord tissues. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the protein expression of p-STAT3 in spinal cord tissue. RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of IL-17 and IL-23p19 in the spleen tissue. ELISA was used to determine the peripheral blood serum levels of IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23. Results. Compared to the sham-operated group, the expression levels of IL-17, p-STAT3, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23 were significantly increased and peaked at 24 h after SCI. The increased levels of cytokines were correlated with the SCI disease stages. Conclusion. IL-17 may play an important role in promoting spinal cord neuroinflammation after SCI via activation of STAT3.
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Yao HF, Shen H, Zheng K, Zhu L. Plasma and colonic mucosal levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in patients with ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3153-3157. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i29.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the levels of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and IL-17 in the plasma and colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and to analyze their correlations.
METHODS: ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in the plasma and colonic mucosa in 40 UC patients and 12 healthy controls, respectively.
RESULTS: Both plasma and colonic mucosal levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly increased in UC patients compared to healthy controls (all P < 0.05). IL-23 and IL-17 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with pathologic grade of UC. The expression of IL-17 had a positive correlation with that of IL-23.
CONCLUSION: IL-23 and IL-17 may play an important role in the progression of UC.
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