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Li Y, Rodriguez-Otero MR, Champion JA. Self-assembled protein vesicles as vaccine delivery platform to enhance antigen-specific immune responses. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122666. [PMID: 38879893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles are beneficial platforms for enhancing the often weak and short-lived immune responses elicited by subunit vaccines. Their benefits include multivalency, similar sizes as pathogens and control of antigen orientation. Previously, the design, preparation, and characterization of self-assembling protein vesicles presenting fluorescent proteins and enzymes on the outer vesicle surface have been reported. Here, a full-size model antigen protein, ovalbumin (OVA), was genetically fused to the recombinant vesicle building blocks and incorporated into protein vesicles via self-assembly. Characterization of OVA protein vesicles showed room temperature stability and tunable size. Immunization of mice with OVA protein vesicles induced strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. This work demonstrates the potential of protein vesicles as a modular platform for delivering full-size antigen proteins that can be extended to pathogen antigens to induce antigen specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Li
- BioEngineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Mariela R Rodriguez-Otero
- BioEngineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- BioEngineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
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Žibřidová K, Souček O, Krčmová LK, Jankovičová K, Gančarčíková M, Pejková MA, Drugda J, Nováková D, Košťál M. Lymphocyte subpopulations: a potential predictor of a response in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Hematology 2024; 29:2304486. [PMID: 38251842 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2304486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by increased platelet destruction and altered production. Despite the well-described pathophysiological background of immune dysregulation, current treatment guidelines consist of monotherapy with different drugs, with no tool to predict which patient is more suitable for each therapeutic modality. METHODS In our study, we attempted to determine differences in the immune setting, comparing the patients' responses to administered therapy. During 12-month follow-up, we assessed blood count, antiplatelet autoantibodies, and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood in 35 patients with ITP (newly diagnosed or relapsed disease). RESULTS Our data show that the value of antiplatelet autoantibodies, the percentage of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and the immunoregulatory index (IRI, CD4+ / CD8+ T cell ratio) differ significantly by treatment response. Responders have a higher IRI (median 2.1 vs. 1.5 in non-responders, P = 0.04), higher antiplatelet autoantibodies (median 58 vs. 20% in non-responders, P = 0.01) and lower relative CD8+ T cells count (P = 0.02) before treatment. DISCUSSION The results suggest that immunological parameters (antiplatelet autoantibodies, relative CD8+ T cell count and IRI) could be used as prognostic tools for a worse clinical outcome in patients with ITP. CONCLUSION These biomarkers could be utilized for stratification and eventually selection of treatment preferring combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Žibřidová
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Souček
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Jankovičová
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Gančarčíková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Anna Pejková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Drugda
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Nováková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Košťál
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Lao J, Zhu H, You Q, Nie M, Lal Pathak J. Updates on the role of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 in inflammation regulation and immunomodulation. Cytokine 2024; 181:156697. [PMID: 39024680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2), originally identified as a novel neutrophil chemokine, is a multifunctional secreted factor primarily produced in hepatocytes. However, many studies have shown that LECT2 is a pleiotropic protein that not only exerts chemotaxis properties as a cytokine but also plays an important role in inflammatory regulation and immune regulation. Pathogens such as bacteria and the role of the host immune system are key factors in the inflammatory response. In antibacterial, LECT2 can directly destroy bacterial structure or affect the normal metabolism of bacteria to inactivate bacteria and can also achieve this effect by activating immune cells and regulating cytokines. In immunomodulation, LECT2 has neutrophil chemotactic activity and regulates the quantities of Natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, and/or the expression of associated cytokines, thereby influencing their effect in immune reaction. Inflammation and immune regulation are closely related to a variety of diseases, such as bacterial infection, liver cirrhosis, dermatitis, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and so on. This review summarizes the basic and clinical studies of LECT2 in antibacterial effects and its effects on immune cells to explore the mechanism of LECT in inflammatory regulation and immune regulation in physiological and pathological conditions better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lao
- School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohui Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianhui You
- School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Basic Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- Department of Basic Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
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Li L, Li D, Jin J, Xu F, He N, Ren Y, Wang X, Tian L, Chen B, Li X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Qiao L, Wang L, Wang J. FOSL1-mediated LINC01566 negatively regulates CD4 + T-cell activation in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:197. [PMID: 39113081 PMCID: PMC11308467 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic antibodies that target structures of the neuromuscular junction. The evidence suggests that the regulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that is mediated by transcription factors (TFs) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of MG. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in MG remain largely undetermined. METHODS Using microarray analysis, we analyzed the lncRNA levels in MG. By bioinformatics analysis, LINC01566 was found to potentially play an important role in MG. First, qRT‒PCR was performed to verify the LINC1566 expressions in MG patients. Then, fluorescence in situ hybridization was conducted to determine the localization of LINC01566 in CD4 + T cells. Finally, the impact of LINC01566 knockdown or overexpression on CD4 + T-cell function was also analyzed using flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the binding of the TF FOSL1 to the LINC01566 promoter. RESULTS Based on the lncRNA microarray and differential expression analyses, we identified 563 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 450 DE mRNAs and 19 DE TFs in MG. We then constructed a lncRNA-TF-mRNA network. Through network analysis, we found that LINC01566 may play a crucial role in MG by regulating T-cell-related pathways. Further experiments indicated that LINC01566 is expressed at low levels in MG patients. Functionally, LINC01566 is primarily distributed in the nucleus and can facilitate CD4 + T-cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we hypothesized that LINC01566 may negatively regulate the expressions of DUSP3, CCR2, FADD, SIRPB1, LGALS3 and SIRPB1, which are involved in the T-cell activation pathway, to further influence the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in MG. Moreover, we found that the effect of LINC01566 on CD4 + T cells in MG was mediated by the TF FOSL1, and in vitro experiments indicated that FOSL1 can bind to the promoter region of LINC01566. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our research revealed the protective roles of LINC01566 in clinical samples and cellular experiments, illustrating the potential roles and mechanism by which FOSL1/LINC01566 negatively regulates CD4 + T-cell activation in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jingnan Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanfan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ni He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingjie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liting Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zihong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lukuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Tao L, Jiang W, Li H, Wang X, Tian Z, Yang K, Zhu Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that an imbalance in monocyte subsets rather than changes in gene expression patterns is a feature of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:980-993. [PMID: 38652170 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of monocytes in postmenopausal osteoporosis is widely recognized; however, the mechanisms underlying monocyte reprogramming remain unknown. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on CD14+ bone marrow monocytes obtained from 3 postmenopausal women with normal BMD and 3 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Monocle2 was used to classify the monocytes into 7 distinct clusters. The proportion of cluster 1 significantly decreased in PMOP patients, while the proportion of cluster 7 increased. Further analysis via GSEA, transcription factor activity analysis, and sc-metabolic analysis revealed significant differences between clusters 1 and 7. Cluster 7 exhibited upregulated pathways associated with inflammation, immunity, and osteoclast differentiation, whereas cluster 1 demonstrated the opposite results. Monocle2, TSCAN, VECTOR, and scVelo data indicated that cluster 1 represented the initial subset and that cluster 7 represents one of the terminal subsets. BayesPrism and ssGSEA were employed to analyze the bulk transcriptome data obtained from the GEO database. The observed alterations in the proportions of 1 and 7 were validated and found to have diagnostic significance. CD16 serves as the marker gene for cluster 7, thus leading to an increased proportion of CD16+ monocytes in women with PMOP. Flow cytometry was used to assess the consistency of outcomes with those of the bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, an additional scRNA-seq analysis was conducted on bone marrow mononuclear cells obtained from 3 patients with PMOP and 3 postmenopausal women with normal BMD. The differential proportions of cluster 1 and cluster 7 were once again confirmed, with the pathological effect of cluster 7 may attribute to cell-cell communication. The scRNA-seq findings suggest that an imbalance in monocyte subsets is a characteristic feature of PMOP. These findings elucidate the limitations of utilizing bulk transcriptome data for detecting alterations in monocytes, which may influence novel research inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Zixuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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Guo Y, Cai W, Xie W, Xu Y, Li X, Yu C, Wu Q. Sodium houttuyfonate modulates the lung Th1/Th2 balance and gut microbiota to protect against pathological changes in lung of ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. J Asthma 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39021077 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2380525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut-lung axis involves microbial and product interactions between the lung and intestine. Antibiotics for chronic asthma can cause intestinal dysbiosis, disrupting this axis. Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) has diverse biological activities, including modifying gut microbiota, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to explore the relationship between SH, CD4+ T cells, and gut microbiota. METHODS Allergic asthma was experimentally induced in mice through injection and inhalation of ovalbumin. After the administration of different amounts of SH, ELISA was utilized to ascertain the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, flow cytometry was used to examine the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in CD4+ cells from lung tissues. The expression of T-bet and GATA3 in lung tissue was determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assay. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that SH can alleviate pulmonary injury in asthmatic mice, reducing serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while simultaneously increasing IFN-γ. Furthermore, SH has been observed to modulate the balance of Th1/Th2 cells by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of T-bet but down-regulating GATA3 in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice, thereby promoting the differentiation of Th1 cells. Additionally, SH can regulate the variety and composition of gut microbiota especially genus Akkermansia in asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION SH can alleviate asthma through the regulation of Th1/Th2 cells and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhuan Yu
- Experimental animal platform, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Daood NJ, Russo DP, Chung E, Qin X, Zhu H. Predicting Chemical Immunotoxicity through Data-Driven QSAR Modeling of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonism and Related Toxicity Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 2:474-485. [PMID: 39049897 PMCID: PMC11264268 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Computational modeling has emerged as a time-saving and cost-effective alternative to traditional animal testing for assessing chemicals for their potential hazards. However, few computational modeling studies for immunotoxicity were reported, with few models available for predicting toxicants due to the lack of training data and the complex mechanisms of immunotoxicity. In this study, we employed a data-driven quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling workflow to extensively enlarge the limited training data by revealing multiple targets involved in immunotoxicity. To this end, a probe data set of 6,341 chemicals was obtained from a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay testing for the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway, a key event leading to immunotoxicity. Searching this probe data set against PubChem yielded 3,183 assays with testing results for varying proportions of these 6,341 compounds. 100 assays were selected to develop QSAR models based on their correlations to AhR agonism. Twelve individual QSAR models were built for each assay using combinations of four machine-learning algorithms and three molecular fingerprints. 5-fold cross-validation of the resulting models showed good predictivity (average CCR = 0.73). A total of 20 assays were further selected based on QSAR model performance, and their resulting QSAR models showed good predictivity of potential immunotoxicants from external chemicals. This study provides a computational modeling strategy that can utilize large public toxicity data sets for modeling immunotoxicity and other toxicity endpoints, which have limited training data and complicated toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada J. Daood
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elena Chung
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
- Center
for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane
National Primate Research Center, Tulane
University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana 70433, United States
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
- Center
for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
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Hoa VB, Park SH, Ha DH, Son JH, Lee KH, Park WS, Yoo JY, Bae IS, Kim HW, Kang HB, Lee SM, Ham JS. Daily Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum KACC91563 Alleviates Allergic Contact Dermatitis in an Animal Model. Foods 2024; 13:2190. [PMID: 39063274 PMCID: PMC11275651 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease (or immune-mediated disease), causing disruption to our psychological condition and life quality. In this study, the therapeutic properties of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) was investigated by using an ACD-induced animal model. For ACD induction, BALB/c mice ear and dorsal skin were sensitized with 240 µL of 1% (w/v) 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) twice (3-day intervals). After a week of the first induction, the mice were re-sensitized by painting on their dorsal skin and ear with 0.4% (w/v) DNCB for a further three times (once per week). Before the ACD induction of 2 weeks and throughout the trial period, the BALB/c mice were supplemented daily with 1 mL of 1.0 × 109 CFU or 5.0 × 109 CFU B. longum using an intragastric gavage method. The ACD-induced mice without B. longum supplementation were used as a control. Results show that B. longum supplementation significantly alleviated ACD symptoms (e.g., ear swelling, epidermal damage) and immune response (e.g., reduced immune cell recruitment, serum IgE level, and cytokine production). The therapeutic efficiency of B. longum increased as the supplementation dose increased. Thus, daily supplementation with 5.0 × 109 CFU probiotic B. longum could be an effective method for the prevention and treatment of ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Ba Hoa
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hee Son
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Ho Lee
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seo Park
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yeon Yoo
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Bae
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Wook Kim
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byul Kang
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Ham
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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Gao Z, Huang C, Fang S, Guan J, Dong W. Association between preoperative white blood cell counts and thirty-day surgical mortality after craniotomy in adult intracranial tumor patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1394568. [PMID: 39036628 PMCID: PMC11259970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1394568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective White blood cell (WBC) counts has been identified as a prognostic biomarker which frequently predict adverse outcomes and mortality risk in various conditions. However, evidence for the association between WBC counts and short-term outcomes after intracranial tumor resection remains limited. This study aimed to explore associations between preoperative WBC counts and thirty-day surgical mortality after craniotomy in adult intracranial tumor patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study performed secondary analysis of 18,049 intracranial tumor craniotomy patients from the ACS NSQIP database (2012-2015). The major exposure and outcome were preoperative WBC counts and thirty-day surgical mortality, respectively. Cox regression modeling assessed the linear association between them. Non-linear associations between them were evaluated by conducting smooth curve fitting using an additive Cox proportional hazard model in conjunction with segmented linear regression modeling. Subgroup analysis and interaction testing assessed effect modification. Sensitivity analysis evaluated result robustness. Results The total thirty-day surgical mortality after craniotomy was 2.49% (450/18,049). The mean of preoperative WBC counts was 9.501 ± 4.402 × 10^9/L. Fully adjusted model shows that elevated preoperative WBC counts was independently associated with increased thirty-day surgical mortality (HR = 1.057, 95%CI: 1.040, 1.076). Further analysis revealed a non-linear association between them: below a WBC threshold of 13.6 × 10^9/L, higher WBC counts elevated thirty-day mortality (HR = 1.117; 95%CI: 1.077, 1.158), while risk plateaued and no significant mortality rise occurred above this level (HR = 1.015, 95%CI: 0.982, 1.050). Steroid usage status has a significant effect modification on the WBC-mortality association (P for interaction = 0.002). The non-linear WBC-mortality association was only present for non-steroid users (HR = 1.158, 95%CI: 1.108, 1.210) but not steroid users (HR = 1.009, 95%CI: 0.966, 1.055). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the result robustness. Conclusion Elevated preoperative WBC counts were independently and non-linearly associated with an increased risk of thirty-day surgical mortality in adult non-steroid use patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumors. As a convenient predictor, preoperative WBC data allows improved risk profiling and personalized management in adult intracranial tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Coloproctology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjie Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqing Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang I, Jeong NH, Choi YA, Kwon TK, Lee S, Khang D, Kim SH. Monotropein mitigates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation through JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116911. [PMID: 38861857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally increasing chronic inflammatory skin disease with limited and potentially side-effect-prone treatment options. Monotropein is the predominant iridoid glycoside in Morinda officinalis How roots, which has previously shown promise in alleviating AD symptoms. This study aimed to systematically investigate the pharmacological effects of monotropein on AD using a 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)/Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced AD mice and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. Oral administration of monotropein demonstrated a significant reduction in AD phenotypes, including scaling, erythema, and increased skin thickness in AD-induced mice. Histological analysis revealed a marked decrease in immune cell infiltration in skin lesions. Additionally, monotropein effectively downregulated inflammatory markers, encompassing pro-inflammatory cytokines, T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory chemokines in skin tissues. Notably, monotropein also led to a considerable decrease in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a levels. At a mechanistic level, monotropein exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the phosphorylation of Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins in both skin tissues of AD-induced mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. In conclusion, monotropein exhibited a pronounced alleviation of AD symptoms in the experimental models used. These findings underscore the potential application of monotropein as a therapeutic agent in the context of AD, providing a scientific basis for further exploration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Yang
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na-Hee Jeong
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea.
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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11
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Anas MA, Aprianto MA, Akit H, Muhlisin, Kurniawati A, Hanim C. Black soldier fly larvae oil (Hermetia illucens L.) calcium salt enhances intestinal morphology and barrier function in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103777. [PMID: 38713986 PMCID: PMC11091524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of black soldier fly larvae oil calcium salt (BSFLO-SCa) supplementation on performance, jejunal histomorphology and gene expression of tight junctions and inflammatory cytokines in laying hens. A total of 60 ISA Brown laying hens (40 wk of age) were divided into 3 treatment groups, including a control group fed a basal diet (T0) and basal diets supplemented with 1% (T1) and 2% (T2) of BSFLO-SCa. Each treatment group consisted of 5 replicates with 4 laying hens each. Results showed that 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), while egg weight (EW) increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion with 2% increased (P < 0.05) both egg production (HDA) and mass (EM). The addition of 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa significantly increased (P < 0.05) villus height (VH) and villus width (VW), while crypt depth (CD) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The tight junction and gene expression of claudin-1 (CLDN-1), junctional adhesion molecules-2 (JAM-2), and occludin (OCLN) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) with the addition of BSFLO-SCa, while gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated with 2% BSFLO-SCa. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) at 2% BSFLO-SCa. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 2% BSFLO-SCa improved productivity, intestinal morphology and integrity by upregulating tight junction-related protein of gene expression of laying hens. In addition, supplementation with BSFLO-SCa enhanced intestinal immune responses by upregulating anti-inflammatory and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Al Anas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Anang Aprianto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhlisin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Asih Kurniawati
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chusnul Hanim
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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12
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Shen X, Ma F, Wang J, Yan F. Soluble form of immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103278. [PMID: 38943864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are essential regulators of immune responses, either by activating or suppressing them. Consequently, they are regarded as pivotal elements in the management of infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. In recent years, researchers have identified numerous soluble immune checkpoints that are produced through various mechanisms and demonstrated biological activity. These soluble immune checkpoints can be produced and distributed in the bloodstream and various tissues, with their roles in immune response dysregulation and autoimmunity extensively documented. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the generation of various soluble immune checkpoints, such as sPD-1, sCTLA-4, sTim-3, s4-1BB, sBTLA, sLAG-3, sCD200, and the B7 family, and their importance as indicators for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, the review will investigate the potential pathological mechanisms of soluble immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases, emphasizing their association with autoimmune diseases development, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Geriatric Medical Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuxia Shen
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- Department of Training, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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13
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Afzali H, Graves DT. An update on periodontal inflammation and bone loss. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385436. [PMID: 38919613 PMCID: PMC11196616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontal disease is due to an immune response that stimulates gingivitis and periodontitis, and its systemic consequences. This immune response is triggered by bacteria and may be modulated by environmental conditions such as smoking or systemic disease. Recent advances in single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and in vivo animal studies have provided new insight into the immune response triggered by bacteria that causes periodontitis and gingivitis. Dysbiosis, which constitutes a change in the bacterial composition of the microbiome, is a key factor in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The host immune response to dysbiosis involves the activation of various cell types, including keratinocytes, stromal cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and several lymphocyte subsets, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Periodontal disease has been implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of several systemic conditions, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the complex interplay between the oral microbiome and the host immune response is critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and its systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Jang JY, Oh MW, Na C, Im YB, Shim S, Moon HJ, Yoo HS. Comparative structural and immunological analysis of outer membrane proteins and dermonecrotic toxin in Bordetella bronchiseptica canine isolate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110756. [PMID: 38657357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen causing respiratory infections in mammals. With the improving understanding of companion animals' welfare, addressing the side effects of bordetella vaccine gains importance in dogs. Studies on diverse subunit vaccines are actively pursued in humans to safely and effectively control bordetellosis. Therefore, our objective was to develop a canine bordetella vaccine inspired by human vaccine development. We evaluated the immunogenicity of the two bacterial components: the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from a canine isolate of B. bronchiseptica. In-silico analysis identified eight domains of DNT, and Domain 3 was selected as the most promising antigen candidate. Additionally, the OMPs were extracted and examined using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The distinct immunological characteristic of OMPs and DNT-3 were examined individually and in combination. Gene expression and cytokine production were also evaluated in DH82 cells after stimulation with those antigens. Treatment with OMPs resulted in higher level of Th1 related cytokines, while DNT-3 induced a predominant response associated with Th17 and Th2 in the cytokine production. Synergistic effects were observed exclusively on IL-23, indicating increase of a potential risk of side effects when OMPs and DNT act together. These findings provide valuable insights into the reactogenicity of conventional Bordetella vaccines. Further, the presented preclinical data in this study offer an alternative method of the development for an optimal next-generation Bordetella vaccine for companion animals and humans, replacing the acellular vaccines containing both toxin and protein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jang
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Green Cross Veterinary Products Co., Ltd, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Na
- Deartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Im
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Moon
- Department of Animal health and welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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ZHU R, ZHANG J, LYU Y, CHEN Y, HAN S, WANG H. Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:417-426. [PMID: 38767625 PMCID: PMC11077143 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240402.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal studies investigating the therapeutic effects of saponins, flavones, or alkaloids on autoimmune diseases; consequently, corresponding data extraction tables were prepared. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of methodological bias in the included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for the Meta-analysis on the 8 serum cytokines. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis indicated that substances rich in saponins, flavones, and alkaloids reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.99, -0.90), P = 0.0003], IL-6 [SMD = -1.65, 95% CI (-2.33, -0.97,) P < 0.000 01], IL-17 [SMD = -2.41, 95% CI (-3.61, -1.20), P < 0.0001], tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [SMD = -1.84, 95% CI (-2.61, -1.06), P < 0.0001], and interferon (IFN)-γ [SMD = -1.54, 95% CI (-2.43, -0.65), P = 0.0007], but increased serum levels of IL-4 [SMD = 1.30, 95% CI (0.15, 2.44), P = 0.03) and IL-10 [SMD = 2.05, 95% CI (1.39, 2.70), P < 0.000 01) in animal models. However, no significant regulatory effect of these three active components was observed on serum levels of IL-2 [SMD = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.82, 0.57), P = 0.30]. CONCLUTIONS Substances containing saponins, flavones, and alkaloids regulated the changes of immune-related cytokines, it may be a novel dietary substance to relieve and control autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang ZHU
- 1 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Diseases, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
- 3 Editorial Office, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jun ZHANG
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yaru LYU
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yulu CHEN
- 2 School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shifan HAN
- 3 Editorial Office, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hongwei WANG
- 1 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Diseases, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
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16
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Sun Q, Yang P, Gu QW, Gu WS, Wang W, Wang J, Mao XM. Increased glycemic variability results in abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulation in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108738. [PMID: 38643556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability (GV) and the abnormal differentiation of T-cell subpopulations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In total, 108 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two subgroups (normal glycemic excursion (NGE) and high glycemic excursion (HGE)) according to their mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) level. The MAGE was evaluated via continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h consecutively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of T cell subpopulations. RESULTS The T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher, and the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly lower in the NGE group than in the HGE group (all P < 0.05). After fully adjusting for confounders, the MAGE was positively associated with the Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio (β = 0.370; P = 0.009) and negatively associated with the proportion of Tregs (β = -0.554; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The MAGE was an independent risk factor for abnormally high Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio and proportion of Tregs. Abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulations induced by GV may impair β-cell function, aggravate insulin resistance, and contribute to the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Qing-Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wen-Sa Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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17
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Nam DG, Kim M, Choi AJ, Choe JS. Health Benefits of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) Leaves by Network Pharmacology Analysis Combined with Experimental Validation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:652. [PMID: 38929091 PMCID: PMC11201080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Network pharmacology is an ideal tool to explore the effects of therapeutic components derived from plants on human metabolic diseases that are linked to inflammation. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of ginger leaves (GLs) and predicted targets for antioxidant activity. Quantitative and free radical scavenging analyses were performed to detect the main bioactive compounds of GLs and evaluate their antioxidant activities. Chemical diversity and network pharmacology approaches were used to predict key antioxidant components of GLs and their molecular targets. Nine major bioactive compounds of GLs were quantified using an internal standard method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging methods. We first built the compound-gene-pathways and protein-protein interaction networks of GLs-related antioxidant targets and then conducted gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking results show that astragalin, a compound isolated from GLs, had the highest level of connectivity in the compound-target network and was involved in inflammation-related biosynthesis by directly impacting cytokine gene expression and PTGS2 inhibition markers. These findings not only suggest that the compounds isolated from GLs can be developed as potential antioxidants, but also demonstrate the applicability of network pharmacology to assess the potential of foods for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- Division of Functional Food & Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.N.); (M.K.); (A.-J.C.)
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18
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Fischer F, Ermer MR, Howanski J, Yin Z, Bauer M, Wagner M, Fink B, Zenclussen AC, Schumacher A. Single and mixture effects of bisphenol A and benzophenone-3 on in vitro T helper cell differentiation. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111011. [PMID: 38653352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is key to guarantee that the immune system can elicit effector functions against pathogens and at the same time raise tolerance towards other antigens. A disturbance of this delicate balance may underlie or at least trigger pathologies. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly recognized as risk factors for immune dysregulation. However, the immunotoxic potential of specific EDCs and their mixtures is still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), alone and in combination, on in vitro differentiation of T helper (TH)17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Naïve T cells were isolated from mouse lymphoid tissues and differentiated into the respective TH population in the presence of 0.001-10 μM BP-3 and/or 0.01-100 μM BPA. Cell viability, proliferation and the expression of TH lineage specific transcription factors and cytokines was measured by flow cytometry and CBA/ELISA. Moreover, the transcription of hormone receptors as direct targets of EDCs was quantified by RT-PCR. We found that the highest BPA concentration adversely affected TH cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, the general differentiation potential of both TH populations was not altered in the presence of both EDCs. However, EDC exposure modulated the emergence of TH17 and Treg cell intermediate states. While BPA and BP-3 promoted the development of TH1-like TH17 cells under TH17-differentiating conditions, TH2-like Treg cells occurred under Treg polarization. Interestingly, differential effects could be observed in mixtures of the two tested compounds compared with the individual compounds. Notably, estrogen receptor β expression was decreased under TH17-differentiating conditions in the presence of BPA and BP-3 as mixture. In conclusion, our study provides solid evidence for both, the immune disruptive potential and the existence of cumulative effects of real nature EDC mixtures on T cell in vitro differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miriam Rebecca Ermer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Howanski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziran Yin
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marita Wagner
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Gray M, Rodriguez-Otero MR, Champion JA. Self-Assembled Recombinant Elastin and Globular Protein Vesicles with Tunable Properties for Diverse Applications. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1227-1237. [PMID: 38624000 PMCID: PMC11080046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Vesicles are self-assembled structures comprised of a membrane-like exterior surrounding a hollow lumen with applications in drug delivery, artificial cells, and micro-bioreactors. Lipid or polymer vesicles are the most common and are made of lipids or polymers, respectively. They are highly useful structures for many applications but it can be challenging to decorate them with proteins or encapsulate proteins in them, owing to the use of organic solvent in their formation and the large size of proteins relative to lipid or polymer molecules. By utilization of recombinant fusion proteins to make vesicles, specific protein domains can be directly incorporated while also imparting tunability and stability. Protein vesicle assembly relies on the design and use of self-assembling amphiphilic proteins. A specific protein vesicle platform made in purely aqueous conditions of a globular, functional protein fused to a glutamate-rich leucine zipper (ZE) and a thermoresponsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fused to an arginine-rich leucine zipper (ZR) is discussed here. The hydrophobic conformational change of the ELP above its transition temperature drives assembly, and strong ZE/ZR binding enables incorporation of the desired functional protein. Mixing the soluble proteins on ice induces zipper binding, and then warming above the ELP transition temperature (Tt) triggers the transition to and growth of protein-rich coacervates and, finally, reorganization of proteins into vesicles. Vesicle size is tunable based on salt concentration, rate of heating, protein concentration, size of the globular protein, molar ratio of the proteins, and the ELP sequence. Increasing the salt concentration decreases vesicle size by decreasing the Tt, resulting in a shorter coacervation transition stage. Likewise, directly changing the heating rate also changes this time and increasing protein concentration increases coalescence. Increasing globular protein size decreases the size of the vesicle due to steric hindrance. By changing the ELP sequence, which consists of (VPGXG)n, through the guest residue (X) or number of repeats (n), Tt is changed, affecting size. Additionally, the chemical nature of X variation has endowed vesicles with stimuli responsiveness and stability at physiological conditions.Protein vesicles have been used for biocatalysis, biomacromolecular drug delivery, and vaccine applications. Photo-cross-linkable vesicles were used to deliver small molecule cargo to cancer cells in vitro and antigen to immune cells in vivo. pH-responsive vesicles effectively delivered functional protein cargo, including cytochrome C, to the cytosol of cancer cells in vitro, using hydrophobic ion pairing to improve cargo distribution in the vesicles and release. The globular protein used to make the vesicles can be varied to achieve different functions. For example, enzyme vesicles exhibit biocatalysis, and antigen vesicles induce antibody and cellular immune responses after vaccination in mice. Collectively, the development and engineering of the protein vesicle platform has employed amphiphilic self-assembly strategies and rational protein engineering to control physical, chemical, and biological properties for biotechnology and nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela
A. Gray
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mariela R. Rodriguez-Otero
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- BioEngineering
Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- BioEngineering
Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Wang M, Zhou J, Niu Q, Wang H. Mechanism of tacrolimus in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331800. [PMID: 38774214 PMCID: PMC11106426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder, with more than half of the patients developing lupus nephritis (LN), which significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment of lupus nephritis has always been challenging. Tacrolimus (TAC), an effective immunosuppressant, has been increasingly used in the treatment of LN in recent years. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus in treating LN. Firstly, we briefly introduce the pharmacological properties of tacrolimus, including its role as a calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor, exerting immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T cell activation and cytokine production. Subsequently, we focus on various other immunomodulatory mechanisms of tacrolimus in LN therapy, including its effects on T cells, B cells, and immune cells in kidney. Particularly, we emphasize tacrolimus' regulatory effect on inflammatory mediators and its importance in modulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. Additionally, we review its effects on actin cytoskeleton, angiotensin II (Ang II)-specific vascular contraction, and P-glycoprotein activity, summarizing its impacts on non-immune mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in clinical studies and trials. Although some studies have shown significant efficacy of tacrolimus in treating LN, its safety remains a challenge. We outline the potential adverse reactions of long-term tacrolimus use and provide suggestions on effectively monitoring and managing these adverse reactions in clinical practice. In general, tacrolimus, as a novel immunosuppressant, holds promising prospects for treating LN. Of course, further research is needed to better understand its therapeutic mechanisms and ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Kotliar D, Curtis M, Agnew R, Weinand K, Nathan A, Baglaenko Y, Zhao Y, Sabeti PC, Rao DA, Raychaudhuri S. Reproducible single cell annotation of programs underlying T-cell subsets, activation states, and functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592310. [PMID: 38746317 PMCID: PMC11092745 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
T-cells recognize antigens and induce specialized gene expression programs (GEPs) enabling functions including proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Traditionally, different classes of helper T-cells express mutually exclusive responses - for example, Th1, Th2, and Th17 programs. However, new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) experiments have revealed a continuum of T-cell states without discrete clusters corresponding to these subsets, implying the need for new analytical frameworks. Here, we advance the characterization of T-cells with T-CellAnnoTator (TCAT), a pipeline that simultaneously quantifies pre-defined GEPs capturing activation states and cellular subsets. From 1,700,000 T-cells from 700 individuals across 38 tissues and five diverse disease contexts, we discover 46 reproducible GEPs reflecting the known core functions of T-cells including proliferation, cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and T helper effector states. We experimentally characterize several novel activation programs and apply TCAT to describe T-cell activation and exhaustion in Covid-19 and cancer, providing insight into T-cell function in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kotliar
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Curtis
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ryan Agnew
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Weinand
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Kim EJ, Park H, Kim EY, Kim DK, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates atopic dermatitis-associated inflammatory responses in HaCaT and RBL-2H3 cells and DNCB/DFE-treated mice. Life Sci 2024; 344:122560. [PMID: 38490296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic dihydroxy bile acid used for cholestatic liver disease and exhibits antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential effects on atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA in inhibiting the inflammatory response and alleviating lesions in AD-like mice. MAIN METHODS To investigate the efficacy of UDCA in AD-like inflammatory responses, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-stimulated HaCaT cells and anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E (DNP-IgE)- and human serum albumin (HSA)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells were used to investigate the levels of inflammatory factors and their mechanisms. AD-like lesions were induced by applying DNCB/DFE to mice. The effect of UDCA administration in AD-like mice was analyzed by assessing organ weight, serum IgE and inflammatory cytokine levels, and histopathological changes using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. KEY FINDINGS In HaCaT cells, UDCA significantly diminished TARC, MDC, MCP-1, and IL-6 expression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear NF-κB and cytoplasmic IκB, and also increased the levels of skin barrier protein. In RBL-2H3 cells, UDCA reduced β-hexosaminidase and IL-4 levels. In AD-like mice, UDCA suppressed organ hypertrophy, ear edema, SCORAD index, DFE-specific IgE levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, skin hypertrophy, mast cell invasion, skin barrier loss, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin-positive areas. SIGNIFICANCE UDCA suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by keratinocytes and mast cells. It also alleviated atopy by suppressing symptoms without organ toxicity in AD-like mice. UDCA may be an effective and safe treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eom Ji Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeon Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Khan Z, Mehan S, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Immune System Dysregulation in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscience 2024; 548:9-26. [PMID: 38692349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a prevalent neurological disorder, predominantly affects young adults and is characterized by chronic autoimmune activity. The study explores the immune system dysregulation in MS, highlighting the crucial roles of immune and non-neuronal cells in the disease's progression. This review examines the dual role of cytokines, with some like IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) promoting inflammation and CNS tissue injury, and others such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-37, and TGF-β fostering remyelination and protecting against MS. Elevated chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL13, and fractalkine, are analyzed for their role in facilitating immune cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), worsening inflammation and neurodegeneration. The study also delves into the impact of auto-antibodies targeting myelin components like MOG and AQP4, which activate complement cascades leading to further myelin destruction. The article discusses how compromised BBB integrity allows immune cells and inflammatory mediators to infiltrate the CNS, intensifying MS symptoms. It also examines the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the disease's progression. Additionally, the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs such as IFN-β and CD20-targeting monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab) in modulating immune responses is reviewed, highlighting their potential to reduce relapse rates and delaying MS progression. These insights emphasize the importance of immune system dysfunction in MS development and progression, guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies. The study underscores recent advancements in understanding MS's molecular pathways, opening avenues for more targeted and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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24
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Lizana-Vasquez GD, Mendez-Vega J, Cappabianca D, Saha K, Torres-Lugo M. In vitro encapsulation and expansion of T and CAR-T cells using 3D synthetic thermo-responsive matrices. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13734-13747. [PMID: 38681842 PMCID: PMC11046447 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01968g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Suspension cell culture and rigid commercial substrates are the most common methods to clinically manufacture therapeutic CAR-T cells ex vivo. However, suspension culture and nano/micro-scale commercial substrates poorly mimic the microenvironment where T cells naturally develop, leading to profound impacts on cell proliferation and phenotype. To overcome this major challenge, macro-scale substrates can be used to emulate that environment with higher precision. This work employed a biocompatible thermo-responsive material with tailored mechanical properties as a potential synthetic macro-scale scaffold to support T cell encapsulation and culture. Cell viability, expansion, and phenotype changes were assessed to study the effect of two thermo-responsive hydrogel materials with stiffnesses of 0.5 and 17 kPa. Encapsulated Pan-T and CAR-T cells were able to grow and physically behave similar to the suspension control. Furthermore, matrix stiffness influenced T cell behavior. In the softer polymer, T cells had higher activation, differentiation, and maturation after encapsulation obtaining significant cell numbers. Even when terpolymer encapsulation affected the CAR-T cell viability and expansion, CAR T cells expressed favorable phenotypical profiles, which was supported with cytokines and lactate production. These results confirmed the biocompatibility of the thermo-responsive hydrogels and their feasibility as a promising 3D macro-scale scaffold for in vitro T cell expansion that could potentially be used for cell manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby D Lizana-Vasquez
- Deparment of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Road 108 Km. 1.0 Bo. Miradero. P.O. Box 9046 Mayagüez 00681-9046 Puerto Rico USA +1 787 832 4040 Ext. 2585
| | - Janet Mendez-Vega
- Deparment of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Road 108 Km. 1.0 Bo. Miradero. P.O. Box 9046 Mayagüez 00681-9046 Puerto Rico USA +1 787 832 4040 Ext. 2585
| | - Dan Cappabianca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Madeline Torres-Lugo
- Deparment of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Road 108 Km. 1.0 Bo. Miradero. P.O. Box 9046 Mayagüez 00681-9046 Puerto Rico USA +1 787 832 4040 Ext. 2585
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25
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Reilly NA, Sonnet F, Dekkers KF, Kwekkeboom JC, Sinke L, Hilt S, Suleiman HM, Hoeksema MA, Mei H, van Zwet EW, Everts B, Ioan-Facsinay A, Jukema JW, Heijmans BT. Oleic acid triggers metabolic rewiring of T cells poising them for T helper 9 differentiation. iScience 2024; 27:109496. [PMID: 38558932 PMCID: PMC10981094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are the most common immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the function of T cells can be altered by fatty acids. Here, we show that pre-exposure of CD4+ T cells to oleic acid, an abundant fatty acid linked to cardiovascular events, upregulates core metabolic pathways and promotes differentiation into interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing cells upon activation. RNA sequencing of non-activated T cells reveals that oleic acid upregulates genes encoding key enzymes responsible for cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Transcription footprint analysis links these expression changes to the differentiation toward TH9 cells, a pro-atherogenic subset. Spectral flow cytometry shows that pre-exposure to oleic acid results in a skew toward IL-9+-producing T cells upon activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of either cholesterol or fatty acid biosynthesis abolishes this effect, suggesting a beneficial role for statins beyond cholesterol lowering. Taken together, oleic acid may affect inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis by rewiring T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen F. Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lucy Sinke
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Hilt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hayat M. Suleiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A. Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik W. van Zwet
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T. Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
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26
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Avery D, Morandini L, Sheakley L, Grabiec M, Olivares-Navarrete R. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells reduce inflammation and promote bone healing in response to titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:385-397. [PMID: 38554889 PMCID: PMC11045310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
T cells are adaptive immune cells essential in pathogenic response, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. During the integration of biomaterials with host tissue, T cells modify the local inflammatory environment by releasing cytokines that promote inflammatory resolution following implantation. T cells are vital for the modulation of innate immune cells, recruitment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and formation of functional tissue around the biomaterial implant. We have demonstrated that deficiency of αβ T cells promotes macrophage polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype and attenuates MSC recruitment and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this study was to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, subsets of the αβ T cell family, impact the inflammatory response to titanium (Ti) biomaterials. Deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells increased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages, lowered anti-inflammatory macrophages, and diminished MSC recruitment in vitro and in vivo. In addition, new bone formation at the implantation site was significantly reduced in T cell-deficient mice compared to T cell-competent mice. Deficiency of CD4+ T cells exacerbated these effects compared to CD8+ T cell deficiency. Our results show the importance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in modulating the inflammatory response and promoting new bone formation in response to modified Ti implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential in modulating the peri-implant microenvironment during the inflammatory response to biomaterial implantation. This study shows that deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subsets altered macrophage polarization and reduced MSC recruitment and proliferation at the implantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Melissa Grabiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States.
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27
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Tang R, Wang L, Zhang J, Fei W, Zhang R, Liu J, Lv M, Wang M, Lv R, Nan H, Tao R, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Zhang H. Boosting the immunogenicity of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine with Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1298471. [PMID: 38633263 PMCID: PMC11021573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In light of the public health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, boosting the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is of great concern. Numerous Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have shown to beneficially modulate immunity. Based on pilot experiments in mice that showed that supplementation with Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction (HSSD) significantly enhances serum anti-RBD IgG titers after inoculation with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD protein, we conducted this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the potential immunogenicity boosting effect of oral HSSD after a third homologous immunization with Sinovac's CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 (CVS) inactivated vaccine. Methods A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive a third dose of CVS vaccination and either oral placebo or oral HSSD for 7 days. Safety aspects were assessed by recording local and systemic adverse events, and by blood and urine biochemistry and liver and kidney function tests. Main outcomes evaluated included serum anti-RBD IgG titer, T lymphocyte subsets, serum IgG and IgM levels, complement components (C3 and C4), and serum cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ). In addition, metabolomics technology was used to analyze differential metabolite expression after supplementation with HSSD. Results Following a third CVS vaccination, significantly increased serum anti-RBD IgG titer, reduced serum IL-6 levels, increased serum IgG, IgM, and C3 and C4 levels, and improved cellular immunity, evidenced by reduce balance deviations in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, was observed in the HSSD group compared with the placebo group. No serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Serum metabolomics results suggested that the mechanisms by which HSSD boosted the immunogenicity of the CVS vaccine are related to differential regulation of purine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Conclusion Oral HSSD boosts the immunogenicity of the CVS vaccine in young and adult individuals. This trial provides clinical reference for evaluation of TCM immunomodulators to improve the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruying Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Nan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhang YS, Chen YQ. Dysfunctional regulatory T cell: May be an obstacle to immunotherapy in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116359. [PMID: 38430633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in various forms. Tregs, members of CD4+ T cells, play important roles in regulating immune system and suppressing inflammatory response, thus contributing to maintaining immune homeostasis. However, Tregs exert their powerful suppressive function relying on the stable phenotype and function. The stability of Tregs primarily depends on the FOXP3 (Forkhead box P3) expression and epigenetic regulation. Although Tregs are quite stable under physiological conditions, prolonged exposure to inflammatory cues, Tregs may lose suppressive function and require proinflammatory phenotype, namely plastic Tregs or ex-Tregs. There are extensive researches have established the beneficial role of Tregs in CVDs. Nevertheless, the potential risks of dysfunctional Tregs lack deep research. Anti-inflammatory and immunological modulation have been hotspots in the treatment of CVDs. Tregs are appealing because of their crucial role in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue repair. If alleviating inflammatory response through modulating Tregs could be a new therapeutic strategy for CVDs, the next step to consider is how to prevent the formation of dysfunctional Tregs or reverse detrimental Tregs to normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sha Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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Ajith A, Merimi M, Arki MK, Hossein-khannazer N, Najar M, Vosough M, Sokal EM, Najimi M. Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371089. [PMID: 38571964 PMCID: PMC10987744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various regulatory mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, and function of Tregs are interrelated to the remaining immune cells and their secreted cytokines and chemokines. In normal conditions, Tregs protect the liver from inflammatory and auto-immune responses, while disruption of this crosstalk between Tregs and other immune cells may result in the progression of chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatic malignancy. In this review, we analyze the deviance of this protective nature of Tregs in response to chronic inflammation and its involvement in inducing liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also provide a detailed emphasis on the relevance of Tregs as an effective immunotherapeutic option for autoimmune diseases, liver transplantation, and chronic liver diseases including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ajith
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Etienne Marc Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Cui HW, Wang Y, Ma Z, Xiang Y, Xin HY, Liang JQ, Xin HW. Perspective view of allogeneic IgG tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:100. [PMID: 38461238 PMCID: PMC10924995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic tumors are eradicated by host immunity; however, it is unknown how it is initiated until the report in Nature by Yaron Carmi et al. in 2015. Currently, we know that allogeneic tumors are eradicated by allogeneic IgG via dendritic cells. AlloIgG combined with the dendritic cell stimuli tumor necrosis factor alpha and CD40L induced tumor eradication via the reported and our proposed potential signaling pathways. AlloIgG triggers systematic immune responses targeting multiple antigens, which is proposed to overcome current immunotherapy limitations. The promising perspectives of alloIgG immunotherapy would have advanced from mouse models to clinical trials; however, there are only 6 published articles thus far. Therefore, we hope this perspective view will provide an initiative to promote future discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cui
- Center for Breast Cancer, Peking University Cancer Hospital at Inner Mongolia Campus and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - YingYing Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - ZhaoWu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yi Xin
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong, 524400, China.
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400, China.
| | - Jun-Qing Liang
- Center for Breast Cancer, Peking University Cancer Hospital at Inner Mongolia Campus and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Diseases Research of Inner Mongolia, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China.
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Yazdanpanah E, Dadfar S, Shadab A, Orooji N, Nemati M, Pazoki A, Esmaeili SA, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1213. [PMID: 38477663 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in such plants as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata, and others, revealing a variety of pharmacological properties as a result of interacting with different cellular and molecular targets. Recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effects of Berberine which result from its impacts on immune cells and immune response mediators such as diverse T lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), and different inflammatory cytokines. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of autoreactive T cells into the CNS causing demyelination, axonal damage, and oligodendrocyte loss. There have been considerable changes discovered in MS regards to the function and frequency of T cell subsets such as Th1 cells, Th17 cells, Th2 cells, Treg cells, and DCs. In the current research, we reviewed the outcomes of in vitro, experimental, and clinical investigations concerning the modulatory effects that Berberine provides on the function and numbers of T cell subsets and DCs, as well as important cytokines that are involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Dadfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Orooji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - MohammadHossein Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pazoki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Pantoja CJ, Li H, Rodante J, Keel A, Sorokin AV, Svedbom A, Teague HL, Stahle M, Mehta NN, Playford MP. Serum Beta-Defensin-2 is a biomarker for psoriasis but not subclinical atherosclerosis: Role of IL17a, PI-3 kinase and Rac1. JEADV CLINICAL PRACTICE 2024; 3:150-159. [PMID: 38646149 PMCID: PMC11031204 DOI: 10.1002/jvc2.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Beta-defensins (BDs) are antimicrobial peptides secreted upon epithelial injury. Both chemotactic and antimicrobial properties of BDs function as initial steps in host defense and prime the adaptive immune system in the body. Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, has both visible cutaneous manifestations as well as known associations with higher incidence of cardiometabolic complications and vascular inflammation. Objectives We aimed to investigate the circulating expression of beta-defensin-2 (BD2) in psoriasis at baseline compared to control subjects, along with changes in BD2 levels following biologic treatment at one-year. The contribution of BD2 to subclinical atherosclerosis is also assessed. In addition, we have sought to unravel signaling mechanisms linking inflammation with BD2 expression. Methods Multimodality imaging as well inflammatory biomarker assays were performed in biologic naïve psoriasis (n=71) and non-psoriasis (n=53) subjects. A subset of psoriasis patients were followed for one-year after biological intervention (anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα), n=30; anti-Interleukin17A (IL17A), n=21). Measurements of circulating BD2 were completed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Using HaCaT transformed keratinocytes, expression of BD2 upon cytokine treatment was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA. Results Herein, we confirm that human circulating BD2 levels associate with psoriasis, which attenuate upon biologic interventions (anti-TNFα, anti-IL-17A). A link between circulating BD2 and sub-clinical atherosclerosis markers was not observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-17A-driven BD2 expression occurs in a Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and Rac1 GTPase-dependent manner. Conclusions Our findings expand on the potential role of BD2 as a tractable biomarker in psoriasis patients and describes the role of an IL-17A-PI3-kinase/Rac signaling axis in regulating BD2 levels in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ. Pantoja
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H. Li
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J. Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A. Keel
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - AV. Sorokin
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A. Svedbom
- Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - HL. Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Stahle
- Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - NN. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - MP. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Zhao X, Deng H, Feng Y, Wang Y, Yao X, Ma Y, Zhang L, Jie J, Yang P, Yang Y. Immune-cell-mediated tissue engineering strategies for peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2217-2235. [PMID: 38345580 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
During the process of peripheral nerve repair, there are many complex pathological and physiological changes, including multi-cellular responses and various signaling molecules, and all these events establish a dynamic microenvironment for axon repair, regeneration, and target tissue/organ reinnervation. The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of nerve repair and function recovery. An effective immune response not only involves innate-immune and adaptive-immune cells but also consists of chemokines and cytokines released by these immune cells. The elucidation of the orchestrated interplay of immune cells with nerve regeneration and functional restoration is meaningful for the exploration of therapeutic strategies. This review mainly enumerates the general immune cell response to peripheral nerve injury and focuses on their contributions to functional recovery. The tissue engineering-mediated strategies to regulate macrophages and T cells through physical and biochemical factors combined with scaffolds are discussed. The dynamic immune responses during peripheral nerve repair and immune-cell-mediated tissue engineering methods are presented, which provide a new insight and inspiration for immunomodulatory therapies in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuehan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Pengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
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Zhu Z, Luo Y, Lin L, Gao T, Yang Q, Fan Y, Wang S, Fu C, Liao W. Modulating Effects of Turmeric Polysaccharides on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3469-3482. [PMID: 38329061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Turmeric, a traditional medicinal herb, is commonly used as a dietary and functional ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric polysaccharides (TPs) on intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. We verified that the oral administration of TPs-0 and TPs-3 (200 and 400 mg/kg, bw) improved thymus and spleen indexes, increased the whole blood immune cells (WBC) and lymph count index, and stimulated the secretion of serum immunoglobulin IgG. More importantly, TPs-0 and TPs-3 could repair intestinal immune damage and reduce intestinal inflammation. The specific mechanism is ameliorating the intestinal pathological damage, promoting CD4+ T cell secretion, regulating the expression of related cytokines, and reducing the level of critical proteins in the NF-κB/iNOS pathway. Interestingly, the intake of TPs-0 and TPs-3 significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, TPs-0 and TPs-3 relieved the intestinal microbiota disorder via the proliferation of the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and the inhibition of Staphylococcus. Cumulatively, our study suggests that TPs-0 and TPs-3 can relieve intestinal immune damage by repairing the immune barrier and regulating intestinal flora disorders. TPs have potential applications for enhancing immunity as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Yirong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Liting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Yunqiu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K
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Chatterjee B, Sarkar M, Bose S, Alam MT, Chaudhary AA, Dixit AK, Tripathi PP, Srivastava AK. MicroRNAs: Key modulators of inflammation-associated diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:364-373. [PMID: 36670037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifaceted biological and pathophysiological response to injuries, infections, toxins, and inflammatory mechanisms that plays a central role in the progression of various diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, 19-25 nucleotides long, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional repression. In this review, we highlight the recent findings related to the significant roles of miRNAs in regulating various inflammatory cascades and immunological processes in the context of many lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. We also converse on how miRNAs can have a dual impact on inflammatory responses, suggesting that regulation of their functions for therapeutic purposes may be disease-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilash Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Subhankar Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Md Tanjim Alam
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSUI), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Basirjafar P, Zandvakili R, Masoumi J, Zainodini N, Taghipour Z, Khorramdelazad H, Yousefi S, Tavakoli T, Vatanparast M, Safdel S, Gheitasi M, Ayoobi F, Naseri B, Jafarzadeh A. Leptin/lipopolysaccharide-treated dendritic cell vaccine improved cellular immune responses in an animal model of breast cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:73-85. [PMID: 37647347 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2253989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In dendritic cells (DCs), leptin as an immune-regulating hormone, increases the IL-12 generation whereas it reduces the IL-10 production, thus contributing to TH1 cell differentiation. Using a murine model of breast cancer (BC), we evaluated the impacts of the Leptin and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DC vaccine on various T-cell-related immunological markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumors were established in mice by subcutaneously injecting 7 × 105 4T1 cells into the right flank. Mice received the DC vaccines pretreated with Leptin, LPS, and both Leptin/LPS, on days 12 and 19 following tumor induction. The animals were sacrificed on day 26 and after that the frequency of the splenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and TH1 cells; interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 12 (IL-12) and tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β) generation by tumor lysate-stimulated spleen cells, and the mRNA expression of T-bet, FOXP3 and Granzyme B in the tumors were measured with flow cytometry, ELISA and real-time PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS Leptin/LPS-treated mDC group was more efficient in blunting tumor growth (p = .0002), increasing survival rate (p = .001), and preventing metastasis in comparison with the untreated tumor-bearing mice (UT-control). In comparison to the UT-control group, treatment with Leptin/LPS-treated mDC also significantly increased the splenic frequencies of CTLs (p < .001) and TH1 cells (p < .01); promoted the production of IFN-γ (p < .0001) and IL-12 (p < .001) by splenocytes; enhanced the T-bet (p < .05) and Granzyme B (p < .001) expression, whereas decreased the TGF-β and FOXP3 expression (p < .05). CONCLUSION Compared to the Leptin-treated mDC and LPS-treated mDC vaccines, the Leptin/LPS-treated mDC vaccine was more effective in inhibiting BC development and boosting immune responses against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Basirjafar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immuology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Tavakoli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Vatanparast
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sepehr Safdel
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Gheitasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Zhang Q, Sun W, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhang R, Zhang N. A High MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Responses to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Inhibiting GSDMD and JAK2-STAT3/4 Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300602. [PMID: 38054637 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Inflammation and pyroptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet (KD) in EAE. METHODS AND RESULTS The administration of KD reduces demyelination and microglial activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Meanwhile, KD decreases the levels of Th1 and Th17 associated cytokines/transcription factors production (T-bet, IFN-γ, RORγt, and IL-17) and increases those of Th2 and Treg cytokines/transcription factors (GATA3, IL-4, Foxp3, and IL-10) in the spinal cord and spleen. Corresponding, KD reduces the expression of chemokines in EAE, which those chemokines associate with T-cell infiltration into central nervous system (CNS). In addition, KD inhibits the GSDMD activation in microglia, oligodendrocyte, CD31+ cells, CCR2+ cells, and T cells in the spinal cord. Moreover, KD significantly decreases the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3, and p-STAT4/STAT4, as well as GSDMD in EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrates that KD reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells in the spinal cord and spleen and prevents T cell infiltration into CNS of EAE via modulating the GSDMD and STAT3/4 pathways, suggesting that KD is a potentially effective strategy in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianye Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
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Hoeks C, Puijfelik FV, Koetzier SC, Rip J, Corsten CEA, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Stinissen P, Smolders J, Hellings N, Broux B, van Luijn MM. Differential Runx3, Eomes, and T-bet expression subdivides MS-associated CD4 + T cells with brain-homing capacity. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350544. [PMID: 38009648 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common and devastating chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. CD4+ T cells are assumed to be the first to cross the blood-central nervous system (CNS) barrier and trigger local inflammation. Here, we explored how pathogenicity-associated effector programs define CD4+ T cell subsets with brain-homing ability in MS. Runx3- and Eomes-, but not T-bet-expressing CD4+ memory cells were diminished in the blood of MS patients. This decline reversed following natalizumab treatment and was supported by a Runx3+ Eomes+ T-bet- enrichment in cerebrospinal fluid samples of treatment-naïve MS patients. This transcription factor profile was associated with high granzyme K (GZMK) and CCR5 levels and was most prominent in Th17.1 cells (CCR6+ CXCR3+ CCR4-/dim ). Previously published CD28- CD4 T cells were characterized by a Runx3+ Eomes- T-bet+ phenotype that coincided with intermediate CCR5 and a higher granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin expression, indicating the presence of two separate subsets. Under steady-state conditions, granzyme Khigh Th17.1 cells spontaneously passed the blood-brain barrier in vitro. This was only found for other subsets including CD28- cells when using inflamed barriers. Altogether, CD4+ T cells contain small fractions with separate pathogenic features, of which Th17.1 seems to breach the blood-brain barrier as a possible early event in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hoeks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Fabiënne van Puijfelik
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven C Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cato E A Corsten
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Jonsson AH. Granzyme K + CD8 T cells in autoimmunity. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024:101930. [PMID: 38307763 PMCID: PMC11291703 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
CD8 T cells expressing granzyme K are enriched in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in tissues affected by several other autoimmune diseases. The roles these cells play in autoimmune disease is under active investigation, and several recent studies have begun to shed light on this question. Putting this cell type into functional perspective is especially important given their enrichment at the sites of disease. This review summarizes available evidence for the presence of CD8 T cells and other granzyme K-expressing cells in tissues in autoimmune diseases and discusses the effects these cells may have on the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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40
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Xu Y, Li M, Lin M, Cui D, Xie J. Glutaminolysis of CD4 + T Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:603-616. [PMID: 38318243 PMCID: PMC10840576 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases, which are activated by the internal metabolic pathways encountering with viral antigens. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) circulating metabolites by α-ketoglutaric acid, which is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells and plays a central role in providing the energy and structural components needed for viral replication after the virus hijacks the host cell. Changes in glutaminolysis in CD4+ T cells are accompanied by changes in the viral status of the host cell due to competition for glutamine between immune cells and host cells. More recently, attempts have been made to treat tumours, autoimmune diseases, and viral diseases by altering the breakdown of glutamine in T cells. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of glutaminolysis in the CD4+ T cell subsets from viral diseases, not only increasing our understanding of immunometabolism but also providing a new perspective for therapeutic target in viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
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Hang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Xia L. Metabolism Serves as a Bridge Between Cardiomyocytes and Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07545-5. [PMID: 38236378 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders of cardiomyocytes play an important role in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic reprogramming can provide ATP to cardiomyocytes and protect them during diseases, but this transformation also leads to adverse consequences such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and eventually aggravates myocardial injury. Moreover, abnormal accumulation of metabolites induced by metabolic reprogramming of cardiomyocytes alters the cardiac microenvironment and affects the metabolism of immune cells. Immunometabolism, as a research hotspot, is involved in regulating the phenotype and function of immune cells. After myocardial injury, both cardiac resident immune cells and heart-infiltrating immune cells significantly contribute to the inflammation, repair and remodeling of the heart. In addition, metabolites generated by the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells can further affect the microenvironment, thereby affecting the function of cardiomyocytes and other immune cells. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming and abnormal metabolite levels may serve as a bridge between cardiomyocytes and immune cells, leading to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we summarize the metabolic relationship between cardiomyocytes and immune cells in cardiovascular diseases, and the effect on cardiac injury, which could be therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases, especially in drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Hang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.130 Renmin Middle Road, Wuxi, 214400, Jiangyin, China.
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Institute of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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Haikal A, Galala AA, Elshal M, Amen Y, Gohar AA. Bioactivity of Eriocephalus africanus essential oil against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis via suppressing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB and IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117000. [PMID: 37544345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriocephalus africanus infusion is used as a diuretic and a diaphoretic and is also used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and gynaecological conditions, inflammation and dermal disorders, asthma, coughs, fevers, and painful ailments. The plant has been used traditionally as a medication to cure inflammation and skin problems. AIM OF THE STUDY Studying E. africanus essential oil (EAEO) as a potential hepatoprotective measure against concanavalin (Con) A-induced hepatitis in mice and investigating its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydro-distilled oil of the fresh plant aerial shoots is subjected to GC/MS analysis. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was induced in mice by intravenous injection of Con A (15 mg/kg). EAEO was administered orally before Con A injection to test its hepatoprotective activity. RESULTS GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 22 compounds representing 99.43% of the oil components. The monoterpene artemisia ketone (41.02%) and the sesquiterpene juniper camphor (14.17%) are the major components. The in vivo study showed that the oil suppressed Con A-induced neutrophil and CD4+T cell infiltration into the liver, restored hepatic redox balance, inhibited Con A-induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) hepatic levels which were correlated with its ability to suppress nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT1) activation in the liver. CONCLUSION EAEO showed hepatoprotective potential against Con A-induced hepatitis in mice collectively through selective anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Haikal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Galala
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Elshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Gohar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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43
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Takahashi R, J-Khemlani AH, Loh JMS, Radcliff FJ, Proft T, Tsai CJY. Different Group A Streptococcus pili lead to varying proinflammatory cytokine responses and virulence. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:21-33. [PMID: 37795567 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus (GAS), is associated with a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections to invasive diseases and immune sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease. We have recently reported that one of the virulence factors of this pathogen, the pilus, has inflammatory properties and strongly stimulates the innate immune system. Here we used a range of nonpathogenic Lactococcus lactis gain-of-function mutants, each expressing one of the major pilus types of GAS, to compare the immune responses generated by various types of fully assembled pili. In vitro assays indicated variability in the inflammatory response induced by different pili, with the fibronectin-binding, collagen-binding, T antigen (FCT)-1-type pilus from GAS serotype M6/T6 inducing significantly stronger cytokine secretion than other pili. Furthermore, we established that the same trend of pili-mediated immune response could be modeled in Galleria mellonella larvae, which possess a similar innate immune system to vertebrates. Counterintuitively, across the panel of pili types examined in this study, we observed a negative correlation between the intensity of the immune response demonstrated in our experiments and the disease severity observed clinically in the GAS strains associated with each pilus type. This observation suggests that pili-mediated inflammation is more likely to promote bacterial clearance instead of causing disruptive damages that intensify pathogenesis. This also indicates that pili may not be the main contributor to the inflammatory symptoms seen in GAS diseases. Rather, the immune-potentiating properties of the pilus components could potentially be exploited as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrina Hema J-Khemlani
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacelyn Mei San Loh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Jane Radcliff
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Proft
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Jia-Yun Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jacks RD, Lumeng CN. Macrophage and T cell networks in adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 37872302 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The signals and structure of the tissues in which leukocytes reside critically mould leukocyte function and development and have challenged our fundamental understanding of how to define and categorize tissue-resident immune cells. One specialized tissue niche that has a powerful effect on immune cell function is adipose tissue. The field of adipose tissue leukocyte biology has expanded dramatically and has revealed how tissue niches can shape immune cell function and reshape them in a setting of metabolic stress, such as obesity. Most notably, adipose tissue macrophages and T cells are under intense investigation due to their contributions to adipose tissue in the lean and obese states. Both adipose tissue macrophages and T cells have features associated with the metabolic function of adipose tissue that are distinct from features of macrophages and T cells that are classically characterized in other tissues. This Review provides state-of-the-art understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells and discusses how their unique niche can help us to better understand diversity in leukocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiah D Jacks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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45
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Yu YQ, Wang H. Imbalance of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines and Stem Cell Therapy in Pathological Pain. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:88-101. [PMID: 36573059 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221226145828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological importance of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell cytokines in pathological pain has been highly debated in recent decades. However, the analgesic strategy targeting individual cytokines still has a long way to go for clinical application. In this review, we focus on the contributions of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in rodent pain models and human pain-related diseases. A large number of studies have shown that Th1 and Th2 cytokines have opposing effects on pain modulation. The imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines might determine the final effect of pain generation or inhibition. However, increasing evidence indicates that targeting the individual cytokine is not sufficient for the treatment of pathological pain. It is practical to suggest a promising therapeutic strategy against the combined effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. We summarize the current advances in stem cell therapy for pain-related diseases. Preclinical and clinical studies show that stem cells inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and release enormous Th2 cytokines that exhibit a strong analgesic effect. Therefore, a shift of the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines induced by stem cells will provide a novel therapeutic strategy against intractable pain. It is extremely important to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms of stem cell-mediated analgesia. The efficiency and safety of stem cell therapy should be carefully evaluated in animal models and patients with pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Qing Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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Man SL, Dong P, Liu W, Li HC, Zhang L, Ji XJ, Hu LD, Song H. Results of flow cytometric detection of gamma-deltaT cells in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a pilot study. Physiol Res 2023; 72:819-832. [PMID: 38215067 PMCID: PMC10805258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that gamma-delta T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this pilot study, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy volunteers were stained and analyzed by flow cytometry to distinguish gamma-delta T cells and its subtypes, and then to report the distribution of gamma-delta T cells and iyts subtypes and their correlation with ankylosing spondylitis. A total of 17 patients with active AS and 10 age- and gender- matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study, and their peripheral blood were drawn to collect mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry was used to analyze gamma-delta T cell subpopulations by measuring the surface and intracellular expressions of phenotypic markers. Serum levels of inflammatory and bone turnover markers were measured, and their correlations with subpopulations of gamma-delta T cells were evaluated. In patients with AS, the Vdelta2 fractions within gamma-delta T cells and CD3+ T cells decreased significantly, in particular, the proportions of CD27+ Vdelta2 T cells, CD86+CD80+ Vdelta1 T cells, and IL17A-secreting and TNFalpha-secreting Vdelta1 T cells within the parental cells decreased significantly. gamma-delta T cells/PBMCs, Vdelta2 cells/gamma-delta T cells, and Vdelta2 cells/CD3+ T cells were negatively correlated with CRP, whereas Vdelta1 cells/CD3+ T cells were negatively correlated with ESR. Vdelta1 cells/gamma-delta T cells were positively correlated with CRP, gamma-deltaT cells/PBMCs were positively correlated with beta-CTx, CD69+CD25+ and IL-17A-secreting Vdelta1 cells were positively correlated with TP1NP, and CD69+CD25+ Vdelta1 and Vdelta2 cells were positively correlated with osteocalcin. Decreases in peripheral Vdelta2, CD27+ Vdelta2, CD86+CD80+ Vdelta1, and IL17A or TNFalpha-secreting Vdelta1 T cells are associated with AS. The correlations between gamma-delta T cell subpopulations and CRP and the CD69+CD25+ subpopulation with TP1NP or osteocalcin suggest that an imbalance in peripheral gamma-delta T cell subpopulations contributes to the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Liang Man
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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Chervet A, Nehme R, Decombat C, Longechamp L, Habanjar O, Rousset A, Fraisse D, Blavignac C, Filaire E, Berthon JY, Delort L, Caldefie-Chezet F. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ampelopsis grossedentata Leaf Extract as an Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Agent in Human Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:416. [PMID: 38203587 PMCID: PMC10779184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital protective response to threats, but it can turn harmful if chronic and uncontrolled. Key elements involve pro-inflammatory cells and signaling pathways, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ampelopsis grossedentata, or vine tea, contains dihydromyricetin (DHM) and myricetin, which are known for their various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of an extract of A. grossedentata leaves (50 µg/mL) on inflammation factors such as inflammasome, pro-inflammatory pathways, and macrophage polarization, as well as its antioxidant properties, with a view to combating the development of low-grade inflammation. Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (APG) significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. In addition, APG reduced LPS/IFNγ -induced M1-like macrophage polarization, resulting in a significant decrease in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, along with a decrease in the percentage of M1 macrophages and an increase in M0 macrophages. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and in the expression of inflammasome genes (NLRP3, IL-1β and Caspase 1) was observed. The results suggest that Ampelopsis grossedentata could be a promising option for managing inflammation-related chronic diseases. Further research is needed to optimize dosage and administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Chervet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Rawan Nehme
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Lucie Longechamp
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Amandine Rousset
- Greentech, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Didier Fraisse
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Christelle Blavignac
- Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Edith Filaire
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Jean-Yves Berthon
- Greentech, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.C.); (R.N.); (C.D.); (L.L.); (O.H.); (D.F.); (E.F.); (F.C.-C.)
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48
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Lun J, Guo J, Yu M, Zhang H, Fang J. Circular RNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1307985. [PMID: 38187401 PMCID: PMC10771839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1307985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term encompassing a few chronic inflammatory disorders that leads to damage of the intestinal tract. Although much progress has been made in understanding the pathology of IBD, the precise pathogenesis is not completely understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed, endogenous molecules in eukaryotes with a variety of biological functions. CircRNAs have been shown to have regulatory effects in many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. CircRNAs have also been found to play important roles in IBD, and although they are not sufficiently investigated in the context of IBD, a few circRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of IBD and as potential therapeutic targets for IBD. Herein, we survey recent progress in understanding the functions and roles of circRNAs in IBD and discuss their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
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49
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Yasumura Y, Teshima T, Nagashima T, Michishita M, Takano T, Taira Y, Suzuki R, Matsumoto H. Immortalized Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Maintain the Immunomodulatory Capacity of the Original Primary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17484. [PMID: 38139314 PMCID: PMC10743981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for stem cell therapy of intractable diseases in veterinary medicine, but donor-dependent cellular heterogeneity is an issue that influences therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we previously established immortalized cells that maintain the fundamental properties of primary cells, but functional evaluation had not been performed. Therefore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory capacity of the immortalized canine adipose-derived MSCs (cADSCs) in vitro and in vivo to investigate whether they maintain primary cell functions. C57BL/6J mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis, injected intraperitoneally with immortalized or primary cADSCs on day 2 of DSS treatment, and observed for 10 days. Administration of immortalized cADSCs improved body weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI) in DSS-induced colitic mice by shifting peritoneal macrophage polarity from the M1 to M2 phenotype, suppressing T helper (Th) 1/Th17 cell responses and inducing regulatory T (Treg) cells. They also inhibited the proliferation of mouse and canine T cells in vitro. These immunomodulatory effects were comparable with primary cells. These results highlight the feasibility of our immortalized cADSCs as a cell source for stem cell therapy with stable therapeutic efficacy because they maintain the immunomodulatory capacity of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyo Yasumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Takahiro Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (T.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (T.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Takashi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Taira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.T.); (R.S.); (H.M.)
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50
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Park SJ, Lee JS, Nam YR, Lee JM, Ki DW, Yun BS, Choi SW, Van NTH, Nam JH, Kim HJ, Kim WK. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Alphitolic Acid Isolated from Agrimonia coreana Nakai Extracts Are Mediated via the Inhibition of I CRAC Activity in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17309. [PMID: 38139137 PMCID: PMC10743429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., an important medicinal herb in traditional East Asian medicine, is primarily used to treat abdominal pain, dysentery, and hemostasis. There are ten other reported species of Agrimonia plants, including Agrimonia coreana Nakai-a naturally growing species in South Korea-and Agrimonia eupatoria Linn. Although recent studies have isolated numerous active constituents and investigated their effects, the medicinal utility of this herb is not yet fully explored. Through patch-clamp recording, a previous study reported that Agrimonia plant extracts inhibit the function of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRACs). Herein, we aimed to identify and isolate the main compounds in A. coreana responsible for CRAC inhibition while assessing the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by this inhibition. We demonstrated for the first time that alphitolic acid isolated from A. coreana has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CRAC activity and, thus, an inhibitory effect on intracellular calcium increase. Furthermore, analysis of human CD4+ T cell proliferation via the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester method revealed that alphitolic acid inhibited T cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the potential therapeutic use of alphitolic acid in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Park
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu Ran Nam
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
- CIPA KOREA Inc. 755-27, Gobong-ro, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si 10911, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Won Ki
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.K.); (B.-S.Y.)
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (D.-W.K.); (B.-S.Y.)
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nhung Thi Hong Van
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Jong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.J.P.); (J.M.L.); (S.W.C.); (N.T.H.V.); (J.H.N.)
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
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