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Jin H, Huan Z, Wu Y, Yao H, Zhang L, Ge X. Lilrb4 ameliorates ileal injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock and suppresses the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167082. [PMID: 38367899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to intestinal damage and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is the main cause of multiple organ failure associated with HS. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (Lilrb4) belongs to the Ig superfamily and is a vital natural immunomodulatory receptor. The purpose of this study was to identify the role and molecular mechanism of Lilrb4 in HS-induced ileal injury. In this work, HS was established by femoral artery cannula and 90 min of HS (blood pressure, 35-40 mmHg), followed by resuscitation. RNA sequencing analysis showed that Lilrb4 was highly expressed in the ileum of HS rats. As observed, HS rats exhibited severe ileal injury, characterized by enlarged subepithelial space, edema, exfoliation and extensive loss of villi. Whereas, lentivirus system-mediated Lilrb4 overexpression considerably mitigated these alterations. HS led to increased release of markers associated with intestinal injury, which was effectively reversed by Lilrb4 overexpression. In addition, after resuscitation, Lilrb4 overexpression inhibited HS-triggered inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Lilrb4 also inhibited the activation of NF-κB signal induced by HS. Notably, Lilrb4 modulated the balance of regulatory T (Treg)-T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), which may also contribute to its protective role in HS progression. In aggregate, these findings confirmed that Lilrb4 overexpression protected against ileal injury caused by HS, indicating that Lilrb4 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdou Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China; Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
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Segbefia SP, Asandem DA, Amoah LE, Kusi KA. Cytokine gene polymorphisms implicated in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum infection outcome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1285411. [PMID: 38404582 PMCID: PMC10884311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1285411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in the immune mechanisms involved in fighting infections including malaria. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes may affect immune responses during an infection with Plasmodium parasites and immunization outcomes during routine administration of malaria vaccines. These polymorphisms can increase or reduce susceptibility to this deadly infection, and this may affect the physiologically needed balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the effect of selected cytokine gene polymorphisms on immune responses against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selorm Philip Segbefia
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Diana Asema Asandem
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Bawali S, Chatterjee R, Saha A, Sengupta A, Keswani T, Sarkar S, Ghosh P, Chakraborty S, Khamaru P, Bhattacharyya A. Administration of soluble gp130Fc disrupts M-1 macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, MDSC expansion and Th-17 induction during experimental cerebral malaria. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110671. [PMID: 37494839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory effect of IL-6 on various immune cells plays a crucial role during experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis. IL-6 neutralization can restore distorted ratios of myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the balance between Th-17 and T-regulatory cells. IL-6 can also influence immune cells through classical and trans IL-6 signalling pathways. As trans IL-6 signalling is reportedly involved during malaria pathogenesis, we focused on studying the effects of trans IL-6 signalling blockade on various immune cell populations and how they regulate ECM progression. Results show that administration of sgp130Fc recombinant chimera protein lowers the parasitemia, increases the survivability of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice, and restores the distorted ratios of M1/M2 macrophage, mDC/pDC, and Th-17/Treg. IL-6 trans signalling blockade has been found to affect both expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and expression of inflammatory markers on them during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection indicating that trans IL-6 signalling might regulate various immune cells and their function during ECM. In this work for the first time, we delineate the effect of sgp130Fc administration on influencing the immunological changes within the host secondary lymphoid organ during ECM induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soubhik Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriparna Bawali
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Rimbik Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Atreyee Saha
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Center for Immunological and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 149 13th Street Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samrat Sarkar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronabesh Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Poulomi Khamaru
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta. 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
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Wu S, Nie Q, Tan S, Liao G, Lv Y, Lv C, Chen G, Liu S. The immunity modulation of transforming growth factor-β in malaria and other pathological process. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110658. [PMID: 37467691 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The main causative agent of malaria in humans is Plasmodium falciparum, which is spread through biting Anopheles mosquitoes. Immunoregulation in the host involving the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has a vital role in controlling the immune response to P. falciparum infection. Based on a search of the published literature, this study investigated the correlation between malaria and immune cells, specifically the role of TGF-β in the immune response. The studies analyzed showed that, when present in low amounts, TGF-β promotes inflammation, but inhibits inflammation when present in high concentrations; thus, it is an essential regulator of inflammation. It has also been shown that the quantity of TGF-β produced by the host can influence how badly the parasite affects the host. Low levels of TGF-β in the host prevent the host from being able to manage the inflammation that Plasmodium causes, which results in a pathological situation that leaves the host vulnerable to fatal infection. Additionally, the amount of TGF-β fluctuates throughout the host's Plasmodium infection. At the beginning of a Plasmodium infection, TGF-β levels are noticeably increased, and as Plasmodium multiplies quickly, they start to decline, hindering further growth. In addition, it is also involved in the growth, proliferation, and operation of various types of immune cell and correlated with levels of cytokines associated with the immune response to malaria. TGF-β levels were positively connected with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), but negatively correlated with the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-6 in individuals with severe malaria. Thus, TGF-β might balance immune-mediated pathological damage and the regulation and clearance of infectious pathogens. Numerous domestic and international studies have demonstrated that TGF-β maintains a dynamic balance between anti-inflammation and pro-inflammation in malaria immunity by acting as an anti-inflammatory factor when inflammation levels are too high and as a pro-inflammatory factor when inflammation levels are deficient. Such information could be of relevance to the design of urgently needed vaccines and medications to meet the emerging risks associated with the increasing spread of malaria and the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Weifang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No 4801 Huixian Road, Gaoxin District, Shandong Province, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Shuang Tan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoyan Liao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, China
| | - Yinyi Lv
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, China
| | - Caohua Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, No 2 Shuinan East Road, Tiantai Country, Taizhou 317200, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, China.
| | - Shuangchun Liu
- Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, No 381, Zhongshan East Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China.
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CD4+IL9+ (Th9) cells as the major source of IL-9, potentially modulate Th17/Treg mediated host immune response during experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:240-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Royo J, Camara A, Bertrand B, Batigne P, Coste A, Pipy B, Aubouy A. Kinetics of monocyte subpopulations during experimental cerebral malaria and its resolution in a model of late chloroquine treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:952993. [PMID: 36310859 PMCID: PMC9614070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.952993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe forms of malaria and is a neuropathology that can lead to death. Monocytes have been shown to accumulate in the brain microvasculature at the onset of neurological symptoms during CM. Monocytes have a remarkable ability to adapt their function to their microenvironment from pro-inflammatory to resolving activities. This study aimed to describe the behavior of monocyte subpopulations during infection and its resolution. C57BL/6 mice were infected with the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain and treated or not with chloroquine (CQ) on the first day of the onset of neurological symptoms (day 6) for 4 days and followed until day 12 to mimic neuroinflammation and its resolution during experimental CM. Ly6C monocyte subpopulations were identified by flow cytometry of cells from the spleen, peripheral blood, and brain and then quantified and characterized at different time points. In the brain, the Ly6Cint and Ly6Clow monocytes were associated with neuroinflammation, while Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint were mobilized from the peripheral blood to the brain for resolution. During neuroinflammation, CD36 and CD163 were both involved via splenic monocytes, whereas our results suggest that the low CD36 expression in the brain during the neuroinflammation phase was due to degradation. The resolution phase was characterized by increased expressions of CD36 and CD163 in blood Ly6Clow monocytes, a higher expression of CD36 in the microglia, and restored high expression levels of CD163 in Ly6Chi monocytes localized in the brain. Thus, our results suggest that increasing the expressions of CD36 and CD163 specifically in the brain during the neuroinflammatory phase contributes to its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Royo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aissata Camara
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
- Pharmacy Department, Institut de Recherche et de Développement des Plantes Médicinales et Alimentaires de Guinée (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea
| | - Benedicte Bertrand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Batigne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnes Coste
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Pipy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Agnes Aubouy,
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Xie H, Xie S, Wang M, Wei H, Huang H, Xie A, Li J, Fang C, Shi F, Yang Q, Qi Y, Yin Z, Wang X, Huang J. Properties and Roles of γδT Cells in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM Infected C57BL/6 Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:788546. [PMID: 35127555 PMCID: PMC8811364 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.788546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many kinds of immune cells are involved in malaria infection. γδT cells represent a special type of immune cell between natural and adaptive immune cells that play critical roles in anti-parasite infection. Methods In this study, malaria infection model was constructed. Distribution of γδT cells in various immune organs and dynamic changes of γδT cells in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice after infection were detected by flow cytometry. And activation status of γδT cells was detected by flow cytometry. Then γδT cells in naive and infected mice were sorted and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Finally, γδTCR KO mice model was constructed and the effect of γδT cell depletion on mouse T and B cell immunity against Plasmodium infection was explored. Results Here, splenic γδT cells were found to increase significantly on day 14 after Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM infection in C57BL/6 mice. Higher level of CD69, ICOS and PD-1, lower level of CD62L, and decreased IFN-γ producing after stimulation by PMA and ionomycin were found in γδT cells from infected mice, compared with naive mice. Moreover, 11 clusters were identified in γδT cells by scRNA-seq based t-SNE analysis. Cluster 4, 5, and 7 in γδT cells from infected mice were found the expression of numerous genes involved in immune response. In the same time, the GO enrichment analysis revealed that the marker genes in the infection group were involved in innate and adaptive immunity, pathway enrichment analysis identified the marker genes in the infected group shared many key signalling molecules with other cells or against pathogen infection. Furthermore, increased parasitaemia, decreased numbers of RBC and PLT, and increased numbers of WBC were found in the peripheral blood from γδTCR KO mice. Finally, lower IFN-γ and CD69 expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, lower B cell percentage and numbers, and less CD69 expressing B cells were found in the spleen from γδTCR KO infected mice, and lower levels of IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum were also observed than WT mice. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the diversity of γδT cells in the spleen of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM infected C57BL/6 mice at both the protein and RNA levels, and suggests that the expansion of γδT cells in cluster 4, 5 and 7 could promote both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feihu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Wang, ; Jun Huang,
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Wang, ; Jun Huang,
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Fatollahzadeh M, Eskandarian A, Darani HY, Pagheh AS, Ahmadpour E. Evaluation of Th17 immune responses of recombinant DNA vaccine encoding GRA14 and ROP13 genes against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105150. [PMID: 34801755 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a worldwide opportunistic parasite, causes serious diseases in both humans and fetuses with defective immune systems. The development of an effective vaccine is urgently required to prevent and control the spread of toxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii which is one of the most damaging zoonotic diseases of global importance. Plasmid DNA vaccination is a promising procedure for vaccine development and following the previous studies, pcROP13 + pcGRA14 cocktail DNA vaccine was evaluated for Th17 immune responses. Four groups of BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at 2-week intervals. Subsequently, the production of anti- T. gondii antibodies and serum levels of cytokines IL-17, and IL-22 were evaluated against the RH strain of T. gondii. In addition, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and parasite load were assessed using ELISA and Q-PCR, respectively. The results of this study showed that high levels of IgG were found in mice immunized with cocktail DNA vaccine (p < 0.05). The cytokines level of Th17, IL-17, and IL-22, increased remarkably in the immunized mice (p < 0.05). Also, significant induction (p < 0.05) was observed in ROS. In addition, immunization with pcROP13 + GRA14 resulted in a considerable decrease in parasite load compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Based on the results, the pcROP13 + GRA14 cocktail DNA vaccine induced Th17 related cytokines and decreased the parasite load in spleen and brain tissues. Hence, pcGRA14 + pcROP13 cocktails are suitable candidates for DNA-based vaccines and due to the development of protective immune responses against T. gondii infection, future studies may yield promising results using these antigens in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fatollahzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Eskandarian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Recent Advances in Understanding the Inflammatory Response in Malaria: A Review of the Dual Role of Cytokines. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:7785180. [PMID: 34790829 PMCID: PMC8592744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7785180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious and, in some unfortunate cases, fatal disease caused by a parasite of the Plasmodium genus. It predominantly occurs in tropical areas where it is transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. The pathogenesis of malaria is complex and incompletely elucidated. During blood-stage infection, in response to the presence of the parasite, the host's immune system produces proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF, cytokines which play a pivotal role in controlling the growth of the parasite and its elimination. Regulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β and IL-10 maintain the balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. However, in many cases, cytokines have a double role. On the one hand, they contribute to parasitic clearance, and on the other, they are responsible for pathological changes encountered in malaria. Cytokine-modulating strategies may represent a promising modern approach in disease management. In this review, we discuss the host immune response in malaria, analyzing the latest studies on the roles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Wang J, Xu Z, Wang Z, Du G, Lun L. TGF-beta signaling in cancer radiotherapy. Cytokine 2021; 148:155709. [PMID: 34597918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-β exerts tumor-suppressive effects in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but it also plays tumor-promoting roles in established tumors. Additionally, it plays a critical role in cancer radiotherapy. TGF-β expression or activation increases in irradiated tissues, and studies have shown that TGF-β plays dual roles in cancer radiosensitivity and is involved in ionizing radiation-induced fibrosis in different tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, TGF-β promotes radioresistance by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppresses the immune system and facilitates cancer resistance. In particular, the links between TGF-β and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis play a critical role in cancer therapeutic resistance. Growing evidence has shown that TGF-β acts as a radiation protection agent, leading to heightened interest in using TGF-β as a therapeutic target. The future of anti-TGF-β signaling therapy for numerous diseases appears bright, and the outlook for the use of TGF-β inhibitors in cancer radiotherapy as TME-targeting agents is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Limin Lun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China.
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11
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Yi H, Jiang W, Yang F, Li F, Li Y, Zhu W, Li Q, Fakhar SH, Cao Y, Luo L, Zhang W, He Y. G6pd-Deficient Mice Are Protected From Experimental Cerebral Malaria and Liver Injury by Suppressing Proinflammatory Response in the Early Stage of Plasmodium berghei Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719189. [PMID: 34456927 PMCID: PMC8386684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies provide compelling evidence that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency individuals are relatively protected against Plasmodium parasite infection. However, the animal model studies on this subject are lacking. Plus, the underlying mechanism in vivo is poorly known. In this study, we used a G6pd-deficient mice infected with the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei (P.berghei) to set up a malaria model in mice. We analyzed the pathological progression of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and acute liver injury in mice with different G6pd activity infected with P.berghei. We performed dual RNA-seq for host-parasite transcriptomics and validated the changes of proinflammatory response in the murine model. G6pd-deficient mice exhibited a survival advantage, less severe ECM and mild liver injury compared to the wild type mice. Analysis based on dual RNA-seq suggests that G6pd-deficient mice are protected from ECM and acute liver injury were related to proinflammatory responses. Th1 differentiation and dendritic cell maturation in the liver and spleen were inhibited in G6pd-deficient mice. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were reduced, chemokines and vascular adhesion molecules in the brain were significantly down-regulated, these led to decreased cerebral microvascular obstruction in G6pd-deficient mice. We generated the result that G6pd-deficiency mediated protection against ECM and acute liver injury were driven by the regulatory proinflammatory responses. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses showed that P.berghei might occur ribosome loss in G6pd-deficient mice. Our findings provide a novel perspective of the underlying mechanism of G6PD deficiency mediated protection against malaria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoan Yi
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yirong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy/Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongshu He
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells that serve as a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. These cells are broadly involved in cellular and humoral immune responses by presenting antigens to initiate T cell reactions, cytokine and chemokine secretion, T cell differentiation and expansion, B cell activation and regulation, and the mediation of immune tolerance. The functions of DCs depend on their activation status, which is defined by the stages of maturation, phenotype differentiation, and migration ability, among other factors. IL-6 is a soluble mediator mainly produced by a variety of immune cells, including DCs, that exerts pleiotropic effects on immune and inflammatory responses through interaction with specific receptors expressed on the surface of target cells. Here, we review the role of IL-6, when generated in an inflammatory context or as derived from DCs, in modulating the biologic function and activation status of DCs and emphasize the importance of searching for novel strategies to target the IL-6/IL-6 signaling pathway as a means to diminish the inflammatory activity of DCs in immune response or to prime the immunogenic activity of DCs in immunosuppressive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Cheng
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan-Pan Shang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Galán-Salinas A, Corral-Ruíz G, Pérez-Vega MJ, Fabila-Castillo L, Silva-García R, Marquina-Castillo B, León-Contreras JC, Barrios-Payán J, Francisco-Cruz A, Montecillo-Aguado M, Huerta-Yepez S, Calderón-Amador J, Flores-Romo L, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Torres LE. Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor confers neuroprotection and prevents the development of murine cerebral malaria. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107674. [PMID: 34044183 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological complication derived from the Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. The mechanisms involved in the disease progression are still not fully understood, but both the sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBC) and leukocytes and an exacerbated host inflammatory immune response are significant factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF), an anti-inflammatory peptide, in a well-characterized murine model of CM. Our data showed that the administration of MLIF increased the survival and avoided the neurological signs of CM in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infected C57BL/6 mice. MLIF administration down-regulated systemic inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL2, as well as the in situ expression of TNF-α in the brain. In the same way, MLIF reduced the expression of CD31, CD36, CD54, and CD106 in the cerebral endothelium of infected animals and prevented the sequestration of iRBC and leucocytes in the brain microvasculature. Furthermore, MLIF inhibited the activation of astrocytes and microglia and preserved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the administration of MLIF increased survival and conferred neuroprotection by decreasing neuroinflammation in murine CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galán-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - G Corral-Ruíz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - M J Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - L Fabila-Castillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - R Silva-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - B Marquina-Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - J C León-Contreras
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - J Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - A Francisco-Cruz
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Montecillo-Aguado
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - S Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - J Calderón-Amador
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - L Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
| | - L E Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.
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14
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Li Y, Cao L, Qian Z, Guo Q, Niu X, Huang L. Mifepristone regulates Tregs function mediated by dendritic cells through suppressing the expression of TGF-β. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:85-93. [PMID: 33406939 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1867998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that mifepristone in the daily low-dose affects the function of endometrium. These researches also implied an alteration of endometrium immune balance, which might be involved in regulating endometrial function. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be further explored. METHODS In this study, the expressions of CD80, CD86, and ICAM-1 in dendritic cells (DCs), which were stimulated with different concentrations of mifepristone (20, 65, and 200 nM), were detected by FACS. After that, we further evaluated the expression of Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and IL-10 in Tregs, which co-cultured with mifepristone treated DCs. In mechanism, we compared the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and TGF-β expression with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The results indicated that mifepristone promoted the expressions of CD80, CD86, and ICAM-1 in a dosage dependent manner. Reversely, FOXP3 and IL-10 expression levels in Tregs co-cultured with mifepristone-treated DCs were significantly decreased compared with those co-cultured with nontreated DC. Furthermore, a significant reduce in IDO and TGF-β expression was observed in DCs treated with mifepristone. By using the IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan, 1-MT) or TGF-b supplement, we confirmed that TGF-β, but not IDO could rescue the downregulation of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs co-cultured with mifepristone treated DCs. All of these results suggest that mifepristone may regulate DC function by decreasing TGF-β expression, which further results in the downregulations of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs. CONCLUSION Therefore, our research provides a theoretical basis for a potentially clinical application of mifepristone as a novel contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Qian
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocen Niu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Drewry LL, Harty JT. Balancing in a black box: Potential immunomodulatory roles for TGF-β signaling during blood-stage malaria. Virulence 2021; 11:159-169. [PMID: 32043415 PMCID: PMC7051139 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1726569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malarial disease caused by Plasmodium parasites challenges the mammalian immune system with a delicate balancing act. Robust inflammatory responses are required to control parasite replication within red blood cells, which if unchecked, can lead to severe anemia and fatality. However, the same inflammatory response that controls parasite replication is also associated with immunopathology and severe disease, as is exemplified by cerebral malaria. A robust literature has identified critical roles for innate, cellular, and humoral immune responses orchestrated by IFN-γ and TH1 type responses in controlling blood stage malarial disease. In contrast, TGF-β and IL-10 have been identified as important anti–inflammatory immunomodulators that help to limit inflammation and pathology during malaria. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine, with the ability to exert a wide variety of context-dependent immunomodulatory roles. The specific mechanisms that allow TGF-β to protect against malarial pathology remain essentially unexplored and offer a promising avenue to dissect the most critical elements of immunomodulation in avoiding severe malaria. Here we discuss potential immunomodulatory roles for TGF-β during malaria in light of recent advances in our understanding of the role of Tregs during blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Drewry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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16
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Sengupta A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Keswani T, Sarkar S, Majumdar G, Das M, Bhattacharyya A. Partial impairment of late-stage autophagic flux in murine splenocytes leads to sqstm1/p62 mediated nrf2-keap1 antioxidant pathway activation and induced proteasome-mediated degradation in malaria. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104289. [PMID: 32693118 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Splenomegaly, a major symptom in Plasmodium infection, is extensively studied for its immunopathological role in mice malaria model infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. The status of autophagic regulation in hosts in malaria pathogenesis remains unreported till date. This study demonstrated the autophagy, proteasomal degradation and NRF2-KEAP1 antioxidant pathway status in the host during Plasmodium infection taking murine spleen as our organ of interest. Initial staining and autophagic gene expression indicate a possibility of autophagic pathway activation. Although the conversion of LC3A to LC3B and lysosome-autophagosome fusion increases, the final degradation step remains incomplete. Resultant upregulation of p62 and its altered phosphorylated status enhances its binding to keap1 causing NRF2 translocation to the nucleus. NRF2 act as transcription factor upregulating p62 level itself leading to an autoinduction loop of p62 expression. Interestingly, enhancement of P62 interaction with proteasome subunit RPT1 indicates a possible role in transporting ubiquitinated cargo to proteasome complex. Ubiquitination level increased with subsequent upregulation of all three modes of proteasomal degradation i.e trypsin-like, caspase-like and especially chymotrypsin-like. Sqstm1/p62 plays a critical central role in regulating autophagy, proteasomal degradation, and NRF2-KEAP1 pathway. The incomplete autophagic flux in the final step may be a key therapeutic target, as autophagic degradation and subsequent pathogenic peptide presentation is of utmost necessity for downstream immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sengupta
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Soubhik Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Samrat Sarkar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gargi Majumdar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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17
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Alizadeh P, Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, Kazemi T, Spotin A, Mahami-Oskouei M, Flynn RJ, Azadi Y, Rajabi S, Sandoghchian S. IL-17 and IL-22 elicited by a DNA vaccine encoding ROP13 associated with protection against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:10782-10788. [PMID: 30565688 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasitic protozoan, is capable of infecting man and all warm-blooded animals. Cell-mediated immunity is vital in mounting protective responses against T. gondii infection. Recent studies have shown that T-helper (Th) 17 responses may play a key role in parasite control. In this current study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii ROP13 in a pcDNA vector. Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcROP13 or controls and challenged with the RH strain of T. gondii. The results showed that immunization with pcROP13 could elicit an antibody response against T. gondii. The expression of the canonical Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, were significantly increased after immunization with pcROP13 compared with control groups ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, vaccination resulted in a significant decrease in parasite load ( p < 0.05). The induction of Th17 related cytokines, using a ROP13 DNA vaccine, against T. gondii should be considered as a potential vaccine approach for the control of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Robin J Flynn
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yaghob Azadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Cui A, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Luo E. Characterization of Plasmodium berghei Homologues of T-cell Immunomodulatory Protein as a New Potential Candidate for Protecting against Experimental Cerebral Malaria. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:101-115. [PMID: 31104402 PMCID: PMC6526220 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is biologically complex and involves multi-factorial mechanisms such as microvascular congestion, immunopathology by the pro-inflammatory cytokine and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data have suggested that a pleiotropic T-cell immunomodulatory protein (TIP) could effectively mediate inflammatory cytokines of mammalian immune response against acute graft-versus-host disease in animal models. In this study, we identified a conserved homologue of TIP in Plasmodium berghei (PbTIP) as a membrane protein in Plasmodium asexual stage. Compared with PBS control group, the pathology of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in rPbTIP intravenous injection (i.v.) group was alleviated by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory responses, and rPbTIP i.v. group elicited an expansion of regulatory T-cell response. Therefore, rPbTIP i.v. group displayed less severe brain pathology and feverish mice in rPbTIP i.v. group died from ECM. This study suggested that PbTIP may be a novel promising target to alleviate the severity of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yucen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Enjie Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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19
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Additive antitumor effect of arsenic trioxide combined with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy against bladder cancer through blockade of the IER3/Nrf2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1093-1103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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20
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Zhuang L, Tian J, Zhang X, Wang H, Huang C. Lnc-DC regulates cellular turnover and the HBV-induced immune response by TLR9/STAT3 signaling in dendritic cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:43. [PMID: 30202418 PMCID: PMC6122708 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lnc-DC is a specific group of long non-coding (Lnc) RNAs in dendritic cells (DCs). Its function has been previously studied, and includes roles in dendritic cell differentiation and the progression of some diseases. In this study, we observed the critical role of Lnc-DC in regulating the differentiation, growth, and apoptosis of dendritic cells. Methods We first isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to culture and induce into DCs, which were then co-cultured with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-secreting HepG2.2.15 cells for the detection of changes in Lnc-DC. The expression levels of TLR9, p-STAT3, and SOCS3 were tested with qPCR and western blot. MTT assays were used to analyze the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We used ELISA to test the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ. Results Co-culture with HBV-secreting HepG2.2.15 cells increased the level of Lnc-DC and activated TLR9/STAT3 signaling. The HBV DNA level (IU/ml) was positively correlated with levels of Lnc-DC and TLR9, further demonstrating that Lnc-DC was associated with the immune response of HBV. Lnc-DC was shown to regulate TLR9/STAT3 signaling in dendritic cells. More interestingly, the regulation of Lnc-DC controlled the immune response by reducing the concentration of secreted TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ, as well as increasing the IL-1β concentration in dendritic cells. Conclusion Lnc-DC is important in regulating the growth, apoptosis, and immune response of dendritic cells mediated by TLR9/STAT3 signaling, and was also activated by HBV. This study provides a previously unidentified mechanism underlying the immune response in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhuang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, the Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101 China
| | - Jianhua Tian
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, the Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101 China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, the Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101 China
| | - Hong Wang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, the Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101 China
| | - Chenghui Huang
- 1Department of Infectious Disease, the Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101 China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Baoan District People's Hospital, No. 118, Xin'an Street, Long Jing er Raod, Shenzhen, 518101 China
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21
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The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase Complex Subunit PbGPI16 of Plasmodium berghei Is Important for Inducing Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00929-17. [PMID: 29784863 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00929-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal models of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), the glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) and GPI anchors are the major factors that induce nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and proinflammatory responses, which contribute to malaria pathogenesis. GPIs and GPI anchors are transported to the cell surface via a process called GPI transamidation, which involves the GPI transamidase (GPI-T) complex. In this study, we showed that GPI16, one of the GPI-T subunits, is highly conserved among Plasmodium species. Genetic knockout of pbgpi16 (Δpbgpi16) in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA led to a significant reduction of the amounts of GPIs in the membranes of merozoites, as well as surface display of several GPI-anchored merozoite surface proteins. Compared with the wild-type parasites, Δpbgpi16 parasites in C57BL/6 mice caused much less NF-κB activation and elicited a substantially attenuated T helper type 1 response. As a result, Δpbgpi16 mutant-infected mice displayed much less severe brain pathology, and considerably fewer Δpbgpi16 mutant-infected mice died from ECM. This study corroborated the GPI toxin as a significant inducer of ECM and further suggested that vaccines against parasite GPIs may be a promising strategy to limit the severity of malaria.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Gao W, Chen X, Su Y. Detection of Treg/Th17 cells and related cytokines in peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia and the clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1328-1332. [PMID: 30112063 PMCID: PMC6090452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells, and related cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B combined with thrombocytopenia were investigated to explore the relationship with treatment outcomes. A total of 45 chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia were selected in Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from June 2015 to December 2016. All patients were treated with prednisolone acetate + γ globulins for 60 days. Treg cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry, and IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA before and after treatment. No significant differences in the percentages of Treg and Th17, and levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were found in non-responders (n=17, platelets <100×109/l) before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, percentage of Treg was significantly increased (higher than that of non-responders) and percentage of Th17 was significantly decreased (lower than that of non-responders) in responders (P<0.05). In addition, serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased (higher than that of non-responders) and serum levels of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were significantly decreased (lower than that of non-responders) in responders (P<0.05). The results showed that after treatment, the number of Treg cells was increased, the number of Th17 cells was decreased, the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β were increased, and levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were decreased in chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia, indicating the decreased autoimmune response and improved thrombocytopenia. The changes were closely related to the complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Hematology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
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Soon MSF, Haque A. Recent Insights into CD4+Th Cell Differentiation in Malaria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1965-1975. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zheng S, Qin T, Lu Y, Huang Y, Luo L, Liu Z, Bo R, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Maturation of dendritic cells in vitro and immunological enhancement of mice in vivo by pachyman- and/or OVA-encapsulated poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanospheres. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:569-583. [PMID: 29416336 PMCID: PMC5790079 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly lactide (PLA) was proved in the last years to be good for use in sustained drug delivery and as carriers for vaccine antigens. In our previous research, pachyman (PHY)-encapsulated PLA (PHYP) nanospheres were synthesized and their function of controlling drug release was demonstrated. Purpose In order to modify the fast drug-release rate of PHY when inoculated alone, the maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and their immunological enhancement in vivo were explored using PHYP nanospheres. Methods The maturation and antigen uptake of BMDCs were evaluated, both alone and with formulated antigen PHYP nanospheres, ie, ovalbumin (OVA)-loaded PHYP nanospheres, as an antigen delivery system, to investigate antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Results The results indicated that, when stimulated by PHYP, the BMDCs matured as a result of upregulated expression of co-stimulatory molecules; the mechanism was elucidated by tracing fluorescently labeled antigens in confocal laser scanning microscopy images and observing the uptake of nanospheres by transmission electron microscopy. It was further revealed that mice inoculated with OVA-PHYP had augmented antigen-specific IgG antibodies, increased cytokine secretion by splenocytes, increased splenocyte proliferation, and activation of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo. Elevated immune responses were produced by OVA-PHYP, possibly owing to the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (in draining lymph nodes). Conclusion It was corroborated that PHY- and/or OVA-encapsulated PLA nanospheres elicited prominent antigen-presenting effects on BMDCs and heightened humoral and cellular immune responses compared with other formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Tao Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou
| | - Yu Lu
- National Veterinary Product Engineering Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou
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Understanding host-parasite relationship: the immune central nervous system microenvironment and its effect on brain infections. Parasitology 2017; 145:988-999. [PMID: 29231805 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has been recognized as an immunologically specialized microenvironment, where immune surveillance takes a distinctive character, and where delicate neuronal networks are sustained by anti-inflammatory factors that maintain local homeostasis. However, when a foreign agent such as a parasite establishes in the CNS, a set of immune defences is mounted and several immune molecules are released to promote an array of responses, which ultimately would control the infection and associated damage. Instead, a host-parasite relationship is established, in the context of which a close biochemical coevolution and communication at all organization levels between two complex organisms have developed. The ability of the parasite to establish in its host is associated with several evasion mechanisms to the immune response and its capacity for exploiting host-derived molecules. In this context, the CNS is deeply involved in modulating immune functions, either protective or pathogenic, and possibly in parasitic activity as well, via interactions with evolutionarily conserved molecules such as growth factors, neuropeptides and hormones. This review presents available evidence on some examples of CNS parasitic infections inducing different morbi-mortality grades in low- or middle-income countries, to illustrate how the CNS microenvironment affect pathogen establishment, growth, survival and reproduction in immunocompetent hosts. A better understanding of the influence of the CNS microenvironment on neuroinfections may provide relevant insights into the mechanisms underlying these pathologies.
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Differential modulation of glial cell mediated neuroinflammation in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection by TGF β and IL 6. Cytokine 2017; 99:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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