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Tota M, Łacwik J, Laska J, Sędek Ł, Gomułka K. The Role of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Asthma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091326. [PMID: 37174726 PMCID: PMC10177218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic complex pulmonary disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) are two significant mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, VEGF and EDN levels are elevated and correlate with disease severity and airway hyperresponsiveness. Diversity in VEGF polymorphisms results in the variability of responses to glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene antagonist treatment. Targeting VEGF and eosinophils is a promising therapeutic approach for asthma. We identified lichochalcone A, bevacizumab, azithromycin (AZT), vitamin D, diosmetin, epigallocatechin gallate, IGFBP-3, Neovastat (AE-941), endostatin, PEDF, and melatonin as putative add-on drugs in asthma with anti-VEGF properties. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of those drugs. AZT reduces the exacerbation rate and may be considered in adults with persistent symptomatic asthma. However, the long-term effects of AZT on community microbial resistance require further investigation. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance corticosteroid responsiveness. Herein, anti-eosinophil drugs are reviewed. Among them are, e.g., anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab), anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab and tralokinumab), anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-13 (dupilumab), and anti-IgE (omalizumab) drugs. EDN over peripheral blood eosinophil count is recommended to monitor the asthma control status and to assess the efficacy of anti-IL-5 therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Łacwik
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Laska
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Scott G, Asrat S, Allinne J, Keat Lim W, Nagashima K, Birchard D, Srivatsan S, Ajithdoss DK, Oyejide A, Ben LH, Walls J, Le Floc'h A, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-4 and IL-13, not eosinophils, drive type 2 airway inflammation, remodeling and lung function decline. Cytokine 2023; 162:156091. [PMID: 36481478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Type 2 (T2) asthma is characterized by airflow limitations and elevated levels of blood and sputum eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IgE, and periostin. While eosinophils are associated with exacerbations, the contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation, remodeling and function remains largely hypothetical. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of T2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5 on eosinophil biology and compare the impact of depleting just eosinophils versus inhibiting all aspects of T2 inflammation on airway inflammation. METHODS Human eosinophils or endothelial cells stimulated with IL-4, IL-13 or IL-5 were assessed for gene changes or chemokine release.Mice exposed to house dust mite extract received anti-IL-4Rα (dupilumab), anti-IL-5 or control antibodies and were assessed for changes in lung histological and inflammatory endpoints. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation of human eosinophils and endothelial cells induced gene expression changes related to granulocyte migration; whereas, IL-5 induced changes reflecting granulocyte differentiation.In a mouse model, blocking IL-4Rα improved lung function by impacting multiple effectors of inflammation and remodeling, except peripheral eosinophil counts, thereby disconnecting blood eosinophils from airway inflammation, remodeling and function. Blocking IL-5 globally reduced eosinophil counts but did not impact inflammatory or functional measures of lung pathology. Whole lung transcriptome analysis revealed that IL-5 or IL-4Rα blockade impacted eosinophil associated genes, whereas IL-4Rα blockade also impacted genes associated with multiple cells, cytokines and chemokines, mucus production, cell:cell adhesion and vascular permeability. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils are not the sole contributor to asthma pathophysiology or lung function decline and emphasizes the need to block additional mediators to modify lung inflammation and impact lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Seblewongel Asrat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeanne Allinne
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kirsten Nagashima
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dylan Birchard
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Subhashini Srivatsan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani K Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Johnathon Walls
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Audrey Le Floc'h
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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3
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Jung D, Shin S, Kang S, Jung I, Ryu S, Noh S, Choi S, Jeong J, Lee BY, Kim K, Kim CS, Yoon JH, Lee C, Bucher F, Kim Y, Im S, Song B, Yea K, Baek M. Reprogramming of T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles using IL2 surface engineering induces potent anti-cancer effects through miRNA delivery. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12287. [PMID: 36447429 PMCID: PMC9709340 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit anti-cancer effects. However, their anti-cancer potential should be reinforced to enhance clinical applicability. Herein, we generated interleukin-2-tethered sEVs (IL2-sEVs) from engineered Jurkat T cells expressing IL2 at the plasma membrane via a flexible linker to induce an autocrine effect. IL2-sEVs increased the anti-cancer ability of CD8+ T cells without affecting regulatory T (Treg ) cells and down-regulated cellular and exosomal PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells, causing their increased sensitivity to CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Its effect on CD8+ T and melanoma cells was mediated by several IL2-sEV-resident microRNAs (miRNAs), whose expressions were upregulated by the autocrine effects of IL2. Among the miRNAs, miR-181a-3p and miR-223-3p notably reduced the PD-L1 protein levels in melanoma cells. Interestingly, miR-181a-3p increased the activity of CD8+ T cells while suppressing Treg cell activity. IL2-sEVs inhibited tumour progression in melanoma-bearing immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient mice. The combination of IL2-sEVs and existing anti-cancer drugs significantly improved anti-cancer efficacy by decreasing PD-L1 expression in vivo. Thus, IL2-sEVs are potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents that regulate both immune and cancer cells by reprogramming miRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Min Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Inseong Jung
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Ryu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Soojeong Noh
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Jin Choi
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Jeong
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Beom Yong Lee
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Soo Kim
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chan‐Hyeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yong‐Nyun Kim
- Division of Translational ScienceNational Cancer Center 323Ilsan‐ro, Ilsandong‐guGoyang‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Sin‐Hyeog Im
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Gyeongsangbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- ImmunoBiomePohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Byoung‐Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and BiophysicsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
- New Biology Research CenterDGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Moon‐Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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Tian Y, Bi Z, Ge S, Ye B, Han W. STAT5A modulated EndMT via upregulation of ELTD1 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:686-695. [PMID: 35320597 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, results in renal dysfunction and end-stage renal disease. Recently, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was reported to mediate glomerular endothelial dysfunction, thus participating in the progress of fibrosis in DN. As a special type of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EndMT and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may share corporate modulators. It was reported that EGF, Latrophilin And Seven Transmembrane Domain Containing 1 (ELTD1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) participate in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some situations. In this work, we proposed that STAT5A participated in high glucose-mediated EndMT via modulation of ELTD1 levels in DN. Our data indicated that hyperglycemia/high glucose-induced ELTD1 and EndMT in DN rats and hyperglycemic human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs). Also, high glucose mediated STAT5A nuclear translocation in HGECs. Moreover, high glucose-mediated EndMT was reversed by ELTD1 silencing. Further, STAT5A was found to be elevated in DN rats and hyperglycemic HGECs. The effect of high glucose-mediated increase of ELTD1 expression and EndMT was reversed by STAT5A silencing in vitro. Further, STAT5A overexpression enhanced ELTD1 levels and EndMT, which was inhibited by si-ELTD1. ChIP and luciferase assay represented that STAT5A directly regulated ELTD1 transcription. STAT5A directly regulated ELTD1 transcription, thus participating in high glucose-mediated EndMT in glomeruli of DN. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaina Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air force medical center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Donato L, Alafaci C, Germanò A, Vinci SL, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Editome landscape of CCM-derived endothelial cells. RNA Biol 2022; 19:852-865. [PMID: 35771000 PMCID: PMC9248949 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
By regulating several phases of gene expression, RNA editing modifications contribute to maintaining physiological RNA expression levels. RNA editing dysregulation can affect RNA molecule half-life, coding/noncoding RNA interaction, alternative splicing, and circular RNA biogenesis. Impaired RNA editing has been observed in several pathological conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. No data has been published yet on the editome profile of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from human cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) lesions. Here, we describe a landscape of editome modifications in sporadic CCM-derived ECs (CCM-ECs) by comparing editing events with those observed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). With a whole transcriptome-based variant calling pipeline, we identified differential edited genes in CCM-ECs that were enriched in pathways related to angiogenesis, apoptosis and cell survival, inflammation and, in particular, to thrombin signalling mediated by protease-activated receptors and non-canonical Wnt signalling. These pathways, not yet associated to CCM development, could be a novel field for further investigations on CCM molecular mechanisms. Moreover, enrichment analysis of differentially edited miRNAs suggested additional small noncoding transcripts to consider for development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,therapies, I.E.ME.S.TDepartment of Biomolecular strategies, genetics, cutting-edge, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,therapies, I.E.ME.S.TDepartment of Biomolecular strategies, genetics, cutting-edge, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,therapies, I.E.ME.S.TDepartment of Biomolecular strategies, genetics, cutting-edge, Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Alafaci
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio L Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,therapies, I.E.ME.S.TDepartment of Biomolecular strategies, genetics, cutting-edge, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,therapies, I.E.ME.S.TDepartment of Biomolecular strategies, genetics, cutting-edge, Palermo, Italy
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6
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Xu JY, Xiong YY, Tang RJ, Jiang WY, Ning Y, Gong ZT, Huang PS, Chen GH, Xu J, Wu CX, Hu MJ, Xu J, Xu Y, Huang CR, Jin C, Lu XT, Qian HY, Li XD, Yang YJ. Interleukin-5-induced eosinophil population improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2165-2178. [PMID: 34259869 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin (IL)-5 mediates the development of eosinophils (EOS) that are essential for tissue post-injury repair. It remains unknown whether IL-5 plays a role in heart repair after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to test whether IL-5-induced EOS population promotes the healing and repair process post-MI and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. METHOD AND RESULTS MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed elevated expression of IL-5 in the heart at 5 days post-MI. Immunohistostaining indicated that IL-5 was secreted mainly from macrophages and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the setting of experimental MI. External supply of recombinant mouse IL-5 (20 min, 1 day, and 2 days after MI surgery) reduced the infarct size and increased ejection fraction and angiogenesis in the border zone. A significant expansion of EOS was detected in both the peripheral blood and infarcted myocardium after IL-5 administration. Pharmacological depletion of EOS by TRFK5 pretreatment muted the beneficial effects of IL-5 in MI mice. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IL-5 increased the accumulation of CD206+ macrophages in infarcted myocardium at 7 days post-MI. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that EOS shifted bone marrow-derived macrophage polarization towards the CD206+ phenotypes. This activity of EOS was abolished by IL-4 neutralizing antibody, but not IL-10 or IL-13 neutralization. Western blot analyses demonstrated that EOS promoted the macrophage downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION IL-5 facilitates the recovery of cardiac dysfunction post-MI by promoting EOS accumulation and subsequent CD206+ macrophage polarization via the IL-4/STAT6 axis. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses is a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-5 exerts cardioprotective effects on infarcted myocardium by promoting eosinophil accumulation and subsequent CD206+ macrophage polarization via the IL-4/STAT6 axis. Hence, regulation of cardiac IL-5 level or eosinophil count may become a therapeutic approach for post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Sen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun-Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
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Boreika R, Sitkauskiene B. Interleukin-32 in Pathogenesis of Atopic Diseases: Proinflammatory or Anti-Inflammatory Role? J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:235-243. [PMID: 34280028 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic asthma (AA), and allergic rhinitis (AR), are increasingly becoming a worldwide issue. This atopic triad originates at an early age and on a multifactorial basis, causing significant discomfort to susceptible individuals. The global case number is now reaching new highs, so exploring immune system regulation and its components is becoming critical. One cytokine, interleukin-32 (IL-32), is involved in inflammation and regulation of the immune system. It has nine isoforms that show varying degrees of expression, both intracellularly and extracellularly. IL-32 is secreted by immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells, and by nonimmune cells, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Its production is regulated and augmented by microorganisms, mitogens, and other cytokines. Early studies demonstrated that IL-32 was an immune regulator that functioned to protect against inflammatory diseases, including AD, AA, and AR, and proposed a proinflammatory role for IL-32 in immune regulation and symptom exacerbation. However, several later reports suggested that IL-32 is downregulated in inflammatory diseases and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. This review article focuses on recent findings regarding the detrimental and protective roles of IL-32 in development and management of inflammatory diseases. The exact role of IL-32 in AD, AA, and AR still remains to be elucidated. Future research should explore new avenues of IL-32 functionality in human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rytis Boreika
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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8
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Interferon-γ inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy. Cytokine 2021; 143:155542. [PMID: 33926775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNG) is one of the key cytokines that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses in the body. However, the role of IFNG in the regulation of vascularization, especially in the context of Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa)-induced angiogenesis is not clarified. Here, we report that IFNG shows potent anti-angiogenic potential against VEGFa-induced angiogenesis. IFNG significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) both under basal and VEGFa-treated conditions. Intriguingly, Knockdown (KD) of STAT1 abolished the inhibitory effect of IFNG on VEGFa-induced angiogenic processes in HUVECs. Furthermore, IFNG exhibited potent anti-angiogenic efficacy in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), an in vivo model for hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization, without induction of functional side effects. Taken together, these results show that IFNG plays a crucial role in the regulation of VEGFa-dependent angiogenesis, suggesting its potential therapeutic applicability in neovascular diseases.
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Karska‐Basta I, Pociej‐Marciak W, Chrząszcz M, Kubicka‐Trząska A, Romanowska‐Dixon B, Sanak M. Altered plasma cytokine levels in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e222-e231. [PMID: 32701204 PMCID: PMC7984262 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate plasma levels of selected cytokines and investigate their correlation with choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS We enrolled 30 patients with acute CSC, 30 patients with chronic CSC and 20 controls. Plasma concentrations of 12 cytokines, interleukins IL-8, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 p70, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using multiplex immunoassays. Differences in cytokine levels between groups were assessed. We also investigated correlations between cytokine levels and CT using swept-source optical coherence tomography, as well as an association between plasma cytokine profile and systemic hypertension. RESULTS We noted differences in IL-6 (p = 0.005), IL-10 (p = 0.03), IL-12 p70 (p = 0.028) and VEGF (p = 0.029) levels between groups. Pro-inflammatory IL-12 p70 and multidirectional IL-10 cytokines were upregulated, while pro-angiogenic VEGF was downregulated in chronic CSC as compared with controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.025 and p = 0.027, respectively). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was upregulated in acute and chronic CSC (p = 0.030 and p = 0.005, respectively). Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6 and IL-12 levels correlated with mean CT in acute CSC (p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = 0.044, respectively), while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels correlated with hypertension in chronic CSC (p = 0.005, p = 0.033 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION We provided new evidence for the possible role of plasma cytokines in the pathogenesis of CSC. Our results suggest that IL-6 may be important in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic CSC. The association between inflammatory response and hypertension in patients with CSC was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Karska‐Basta
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Weronika Pociej‐Marciak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Michał Chrząszcz
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Kubicka‐Trząska
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Bożena Romanowska‐Dixon
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineMolecular Biology and Clinical Genetics UnitJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
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Tang HX, Qin XP, Li J. Role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular 2020; 28:821-828. [PMID: 32486969 DOI: 10.1177/1708538120929504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the pathogenesis of CVD. The functional and phenotypic changes in vascular cells are mediated by complex signaling cascades that initiate and control genetic reprogramming. Many studies have demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates a diverse array of functions relevant to atherosclerosis. METHODS In this review, we summarize the studies on the STAT3-mediated proliferation of VSMCs and subsequent CVDs such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we describe the general background of STAT3, its structure, function and regulation as well as the STAT3 signaling pathway. Finally, we highlight some potential issues and propose some solutions to these issues.Results and conclusions: STAT3 activation promotes the proliferation of VSMCs by regulating the transcription of genes. Studying the mechanism of VSMC proliferation induced by the STAT3 pathway is valuable for finding therapeutic targets for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Tang
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Xu-Ping Qin
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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