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Namba MD, Xie Q, Park K, Jackson JG, Barker JM. EcoHIV Infection Modulates the Effects of Cocaine Exposure Pattern and Abstinence on Cocaine Seeking and Neuroimmune Protein Expression in Male Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589615. [PMID: 38659915 PMCID: PMC11042347 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorders (CUDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain persistent public health dilemmas throughout the world. One major hurdle for treating CUD is the increase in cocaine craving and seeking behavior that occurs over a protracted period of abstinence, an effect known as the incubation of craving. Little is known about how HIV may modulate this process. Thus, we sought to examine the impact of chronic HIV infection on the incubation of cocaine craving and associated changes in the central and peripheral immune systems. Here, mice were inoculated with EcoHIV, which is a chimeric HIV-1 construct that produces chronic HIV infection in mice. EcoHIV- and sham-infected mice were conditioned with cocaine daily or intermittently in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, followed by 1 or 21 days of forced abstinence prior to assessing preference for the cocaine-paired chamber. Under both conditioning regimens, sham mice exhibited incubation of cocaine CPP after 21 days of abstinence. EcoHIV-infected mice conditioned daily with cocaine showed enhanced cocaine seeking at both abstinence timepoints, whereas infected mice conditioned intermittently showed a reversal of the incubation effect, with higher cocaine seeking after 1 day of abstinence compared to 21 days. Analysis of corticolimbic CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and glutamate receptor expression revealed alterations in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) CX3CL1 and nucleus accumbens (NAc) GluN2A receptors that correlated with cocaine seeking following daily cocaine exposure. Moreover, examination of peripheral immune markers showed that the effect of abstinence and EcoHIV infection on these measures depended on the cocaine exposure regimen. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of cocaine abstinence and exposure pattern as critical variables that modulate HIV-associated neuroimmune outcomes and relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua G. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Barker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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De Clercq J, De Scheerder MA, Mortier V, Verhofstede C, Vandecasteele SJ, Allard SD, Necsoi C, De Wit S, Gerlo S, Vandekerckhove L. Longitudinal patterns of inflammatory mediators after acute HIV infection correlate to intact and total reservoir. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1337316. [PMID: 38250083 PMCID: PMC10796502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1337316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during acute HIV infection (AHI), residual immune activation remains a hallmark of treated HIV infection. Methods Plasma concentrations of 40 mediators were measured longitudinally in 39 early treated participants of a Belgian AHI cohort (HIV+) and in 21 HIV-negative controls (HIV-). We investigated the association of the inflammatory profile with clinical presentation, plasma viral load, immunological parameters, and in-depth characterization of the HIV reservoir. Results While levels of most soluble mediators normalized with suppressive ART, we demonstrated the persistence of a pro-inflammatory signature in early treated HIV+ participants in comparison to HIV- controls. Examination of these mediators demonstrated a correlation with their levels during AHI, which seemed to be viremia-driven, and suggested involvement of an activated myeloid compartment, IFN-γ-signaling, and inflammasome-related pathways. Interestingly, some of these pro-inflammatory mediators correlated with a larger reservoir size and slower reservoir decay. In contrast, we also identified soluble mediators which were associated with favorable effects on immunovirological outcomes and reservoir, both during and after AHI. Conclusion These data highlight how the persistent pro-inflammatory profile observed in early ART treated individuals is shaped during AHI and is intertwined with viral dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefien De Clercq
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Virginie Mortier
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Aids Reference Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Verhofstede
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Aids Reference Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sabine D Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coca Necsoi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ameya G, Birri DJ. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced human cancers. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106292. [PMID: 37557930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem globally. Many human cancers are induced by viruses. Understanding of the mechanisms by which oncogenic (tumorigenic) viruses induce cancer is essential in the prevention and control of cancer. This review covers comprehensive characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the main virus-attributed cancers caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human polyomaviruses, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and HIV. Oncogenic viruses employ biological processes to replicate and avoid detection by host cell immune systems. Tumorigenic infectious agents activate oncogenes in a variety of ways, allowing the pathogen to block host tumour suppressor proteins, inhibit apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation, and promote invasion of host cells. Furthermore, this review assesses many pathways of viruses linked to cancer, including host cellular communication perturbation, DNA damage mechanisms, immunity, and microRNA targets that promote the beginning and progression of cancer. The current cancer prevention is primarily focused on non-communicable diseases, but infection-attributable cancer also needs attention to significantly reduce the rising cancer burden and related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Kosmider E, Wallner J, Gervassi A, Ignacio RAB, Pinto-Santini D, Gornalusse G, Pandey U, Hladik F, Edlefsen PT, Lama JR, Duerr AC, Frenkel LM. Observational study of effects of HIV Acquisition and Antiretroviral Treatment on Biomarkers of Systemic Immune Activation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.07.23292352. [PMID: 37461626 PMCID: PMC10350123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.23292352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective Assess whether biomarkers of systemic inflammation are associated with HIV acquisition or with the timing of ART initiation ("immediate", at diagnosis, versus "deferred", at 24 weeks post-diagnosis) in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender women. Design A retrospective study comparing inflammatory biomarkers in participants' specimens collected before and after ≥2 years of effective ART. Methods Inflammatory biomarkers were measured in four longitudinally collected plasma specimens, including two plasma specimens collected from each participant before and two after HIV acquisition and confirmed ART-suppression. Biomarkers were quantified by enzyme-linked immuno-assay or Meso Scale Discovery. Statistical measures compared intra-participant and between-group changes in biomarkers. Results Across 50 participants, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 significantly increased while leptin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) significantly decreased following HIV infection. Randomization to deferred-ART initiation was associated with greater increases in CRP and no decreases in LBP. Multiple biomarkers varied significantly within participants' two pre-infection or two post-ART-suppression specimens. Conclusions Acquisition of HIV appeared to induce systemic inflammation, with elevation of biomarkers previously associated with infections and cardiovascular disease. Initiation of ART during the early weeks of infection tempered the increase in pro-inflammatory biomarkers compared to those who delayed ART for ~24 weeks after HIV diagnosis, perhaps because immediate-ART limited the size of the HIV reservoir or limited immune dysregulation. Some but not all biomarkers appeared sufficiently stable to assess intraparticipant changes over time. Given that pro-inflammatory biomarkers predict multiple co-morbidities, our findings suggest that immediate-ART initiation may improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kosmider
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ana Gervassi
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel A Bender Ignacio
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Delia Pinto-Santini
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - German Gornalusse
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Urvashi Pandey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Javier R Lama
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Perú
| | - Ann C Duerr
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa M Frenkel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Temu TM, Polyak SJ, Wanjalla CN, Mandela NA, Dabee S, Mogaka JN, Masyuko S, Longernecker C, Shakil S, Chohan B, Page ST, Lacourse SM, Gitura B, Crothers K, Oyugi J, Jaspan H, Farquhar C, Zifodya JS. Latent tuberculosis is associated with heightened levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines among Kenyan men and women living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2023; 37:1065-1075. [PMID: 36928263 PMCID: PMC10155699 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have persistent immune activation associated with increased risk for non-AIDS related diseases. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), endemic in Africa, may contribute to this immune dysregulation. We evaluated the impact of HIV and TB co-infection on plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among Kenyan adults. METHODS We compared data from 221 PWH on long-term ART and 177 HIV-negative adults examining biomarkers of pro-[sCD14, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-12p70, IL-17A] and anti(IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) inflammatory cytokines, by HIV/LTBI status (HIV+LTBI+, HIV+LTBI-, HIV-LTBI+, HIV-LTBI-). LTBI was diagnosed based on a positive QuantiFERON TB Gold-Plus test in the absence of active TB symptoms. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of HIV, LTBI, and HIV/LTBI status with biomarkers adjusting for clinical factors including HIV-specific factors. RESULTS Half of the participants were women and 52% had LTBI. HIV was independently associated with higher sCD14, IL-15, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5. LTBI was independently associated with higher TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-13 in adjusted models ( P < 0.05). LTBI status was associated with higher IL-4 and IL-12p70 only among PWH, but not HIV-negative participants ( P < 0.05 for interactions). In multivariate analysis, only HIV+LTBI+ demonstrated elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL4, IL-5, IL-13 in comparison to the HIV-LTBI- ( P < 0.05 for all). The effect of LTBI on cytokines among PWH was independent of CD4 + T-cell count and ART duration. CONCLUSIONS Despite viral suppression, persons with HIV and LTBI exhibit abnormal cytokine production accompanied by high concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecla M. Temu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen J. Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Smritee Dabee
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Jerusha N. Mogaka
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Chris Longernecker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Saate Shakil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Bhavna Chohan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Sylvia M. Lacourse
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Julius Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jerry S. Zifodya
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
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Foerster Y, Sollfrank L, Rechtien L, Harrer T, Berking C, Sticherling M. Case report: Bullous pemphigoid in HIV-1-positive patients: interplay or coincidence? A case series and review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179294. [PMID: 37292193 PMCID: PMC10244715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease, mostly affecting the elderly population. Therefore, patients often have multiple comorbidities, but there is inconsistent data regarding the relationship between HIV-1 infection and BP, which has been rarely reported in combination. Herein, we describe three patients who presented with BP and concomitant HIV-1 infection that was well controlled with modern combined antiretroviral therapy. All patients received topical and oral corticosteroids. Depending on the individual severity, further add-on therapeutics, such as azathioprine, dapsone, doxycycline and the interleukin 4/13 antibody dupilumab, were added to the therapy regimen. All patients recovered from pruritic skin lesions and blistering. The cases are further discussed in the context of the current study landscape. In conclusion, HIV-1 infection shifts the cytokine profile from T-helper type 1 (TH1) towards T-helper type 2 (TH2), resulting in the excessive secretion of distinct cytokines, such as interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). With IL-4 being a main driver in the pathogenesis of BP, HIV-1-positive patients may benefit greatly from targeting IL-4 with monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Foerster
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Sollfrank
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Rechtien
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Harrer
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
- Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Section, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Sticherling
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
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Akinosoglou K, Kolosaka M, Schinas G, Delastic AL, Antonopoulou S, Perperis A, Marangos M, Mouzaki A, Gogos C. Association of Antiretroviral Therapy with Platelet Function and Systemic Inflammatory Response in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040958. [PMID: 37110381 PMCID: PMC10144397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWHIV) present an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) pharmacologically enhances platelet reactivity and platelet activation intensity, and explore the potential association with underlying inflammatory status. This was a cross-sectional cohort study carried out among PLWHIV on diverse ART regimens. Platelet reactivity and activation intensity were assessed using the bedside point-of-care VerifyNow assay, in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), measurements of monocyte-platelet complexes, and P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa expression increase, following activation with ADP, respectively. Levels of major inflammatory markers and whole blood parameters were also evaluated. In total, 71 PLWHIV, 59 on ART and 22 healthy controls, were included in this study. PRU values were significantly elevated in PLWHIV compared to controls [Mean; 257.85 vs. 196.67, p < 0.0001], but no significant differences were noted between ART-naïve or ART-experienced PLWHIV, or between TAF/TDF and ABC based regimens, similar to systemic inflammatory response. However, within-group analysis showed that PRUs were significantly higher in ABC/PI vs ABC/INSTI or TAF/TDF + PI patients, in line with levels of IL-2. PRU values did not correlate strongly with CD4 counts, viral load, or cytokine values. P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa expression increased following ADP activation and were significantly more prominent in PLWHIV (p < 0.005). Platelet reactivity and platelet activation intensity were shown to be increased in PLWHIV, but they did not appear to be related to ART initiation, similar to the underlying systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Martha Kolosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Schinas
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anne-Lise Delastic
- Laboratory of Immuno-Hematology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefania Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Hematology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Angelos Perperis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of Immuno-Hematology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Maksoud S, El Hokayem J. The cytokine/chemokine response in Leishmania/HIV infection and co-infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15055. [PMID: 37082641 PMCID: PMC10112040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection progressively weakens the immune system by infecting and destroying cells involved in host defense. Viral infection symptoms are generated and aggravated as immunosuppression progresses, triggered by the presence of opportunistic infections: among these is leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania. The incidence of this co-infection is growing progressively due to the geographic distribution overlap. Both pathogens infect monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, although they can also modulate the activity of other cells without co-infecting, such as T and B lymphocytes. Leishmania/HIV co-infection could be described as a system comprising modulations of cell surface molecule expression, production of soluble factors, and intracellular death activities, leading ultimately to the potentiation of infectivity, replication, and spread of both pathogens. This review describes the cytokine/chemokine response in Leishmania/HIV infection and co-infection, discussing how these molecules modulate the course of the disease and analyzing the therapeutic potential of targeting this network.
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Cyktor J, Qin S, Staines B, Nouraie M, Fitzpatrick M, Kessinger C, DeSensi R, Huang L, Rinaldo CR, Kingsley L, Tien PC, Mellors JW, Morris A. Associations of HIV persistence, cigarette smoking, inflammation, and pulmonary dysfunction in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29264. [PMID: 35801755 PMCID: PMC9259161 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between measures of HIV persistence with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cigarette smoking, systemic markers of inflammation, and pulmonary function. Retrospective study of 82 people with HIV (PWH) on ART for a median of 6.9 years (5.6-7.8) and plasma HIV RNA levels <50 copies/mL. HIV DNA and cell-associated HIV RNA (CA-RNA) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma HIV RNA was measured by single-copy assay (SCA). Plasma levels of 17 inflammatory mediators were measured by Bio-Plex, and standard pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed in all participants. Median age was 52 years and 41% were women. Most had preserved CD4+ T cell counts (median (IQR) 580 (361-895) cells/mm3). Median plasma HIV RNA was 1.3 (0.7-4.6) copies/mL, and median levels of HIV DNA and CA-RNA in PBMC were 346 (140-541) copies and 19 (3.7-49) copies per 1 million PBMC, respectively. HIV DNA was higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (R = 0.3, P < 0.05), and smoking pack-years positively correlated with HIV DNA and CA-RNA (R = 0.3, P < 0.05 and R = 0.4, P < 0.01, respectively). HIV DNA, CA-RNA, and plasma HIV RNA were not significantly associated with any measure of pulmonary function or inflammation. Cigarette smoking was associated with HIV DNA and CA-RNA levels in blood, but measures of HIV persistence were not associated with pulmonary function or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cyktor
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- *Correspondence: Joshua Cyktor, 3550 Terrace St. Scaife Hall S814, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (e-mail: )
| | - Shulin Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles R. Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Kingsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alison Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tong L, Cong Z, Tian L, Zhang J, Lu J, Lu Q, Chen T, Wang Y, Wei Q, Xue J. Stage-Dependent Within-Individual Comparison Reveals SIV-Specific Activation/Exhaustion Shift in Rhesus Macaques. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:704449. [PMID: 34349746 PMCID: PMC8326587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.704449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to trace the complicated individual-based variations of HIV-specific immunocompetence shift during the successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Using eight rhesus monkeys simulating a longitudinal stage-dependent cohort (baseline-SIV acute infection-SIV suppression by ART-ART withdrawal), baseline immunocompetence monitoring for 28 days (SIV-negative stage, SN) was compared with host immunocompetence undergoing 90-day ART treatment (SIV-suppressed stage, SS) to reveal the SIV-specific immunity shift aroused by undetectable individual viral replication. During acute SIV infection for 98 days (SIV-emerged stage, SE), immune activation was compared with re-immune activation post ART for 49-day follow-up (SIV-rebounded stage, SR) to reveal the SIV-specific immune activation variation aroused by detectable individual viral replication. Individual immunocompetence was measured by co-expression of CD4, CD8, CD38, HLA-DR, CCR7, CD45RA, and PD-1 on T cells and a cytokine panel. Compared with SN, mild immune activation/exhaustion was characterized by increased CD38+ HLA-DR– CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets and PD-1+ memory CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets with three elevated cytokines (MIP-1β, IL-8, and IL-10) significantly emerged in SS. Compared with SE, SR produced more exhaustion characterized by increased PD-1+ CD4+ TCM cells and decreased PD-1+ CD4+ TEM cells with four elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). By such individualized stage-dependent comparison, the sustainable immune activation was found from activation/exhaustion shifted into exhaustion during the longitudinal viral persistence. Further, validated SIV accelerates host immunosenescence continuously independent of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Long Tian
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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de Carvalho PS, Leal FE, Soares MA. Clinical and Molecular Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675353. [PMID: 33996608 PMCID: PMC8117347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common malignancy affecting people living with HIV (PLWH). Among its several subtypes, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an important manifestation within the HIV-infected compartment of the population. Since HIV is able to modulate B cells and promote lymphomagenesis through direct and indirect mechanisms, HIV-related DLBCL has specific characteristics. In this review, we address the clinical and molecular properties of DLBCL disease in the context of HIV infection, as well as the mechanisms by which HIV is able to modulate B lymphocytes and induce their transformation into lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S de Carvalho
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio E Leal
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Torices S, Roberts SA, Park M, Malhotra A, Toborek M. Occludin, caveolin-1, and Alix form a multi-protein complex and regulate HIV-1 infection of brain pericytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:16319-16332. [PMID: 33058236 PMCID: PMC7686148 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001562r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 enters the brain by altering properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence indicates that among cells of the BBB, pericytes are prone to HIV-1 infection. Occludin (ocln) and caveolin-1 (cav-1) are critical determinants of BBB integrity that can regulate barrier properties of the BBB in response to HIV-1 infection. Additionally, Alix is an early acting endosomal factor involved in HIV-1 budding from the cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of cav-1, ocln, and Alix in HIV-1 infection of brain pericytes. Our results indicated that cav-1, ocln, and Alix form a multi-protein complex in which they cross-regulate each other's expression. Importantly, the stability of this complex was affected by HIV-1 infection. Modifications of the complex resulted in diminished HIV-1 infection and alterations of the cytokine profile produced by brain pericytes. These results identify a novel mechanism involved in HIV-1 infection contributing to a better understanding of the HIV-1 pathology and the associated neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Samantha A. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Arun Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
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13
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Nkambule BB, Mxinwa V, Mkandla Z, Mutize T, Mokgalaboni K, Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV. Platelet activation in adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2020; 18:357. [PMID: 33203400 PMCID: PMC7672943 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) alters platelet reactivity, and as a consequence, patients living with HIV may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current evidence on platelet activation levels in patients with HIV remains inconclusive. We therefore aimed to systematically synthesise evidence on the association of platelet activation in HIV-infected patients on successful treatment. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception until November 2019. Studies were included if the primary or secondary outcome of the study was to assess platelet activation in HIV-infected patients on ART. The primary outcome of this review included the levels of platelet activation. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS We identified 30 studies comprising of 2325 participants. The pooled estimates showed elevated levels of platelet activation in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients compared to uninfected controls (Hedges' g 2.00 [95%CI 1.05, 2.94]; z = 4.12, p < 0.0001). These remained elevated despite successful ART (Hedges' g 2.05 [95%CI 0.58, 3.52]; z = 2.71, p = 0.0067). CONCLUSION The levels of platelet activation are elevated in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients, and these persist during successful ART. Further studies should assess the clinical relevance of monitoring the levels of platelet activation in HIV-infected patients on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zibusiso Mkandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tinashe Mutize
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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