1
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Lin H, Fu H, Sun S, Yin H, Yuan J, Liao J. Patient tissue-derived FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer organoid development and anticancer drug sensitivity testing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30985. [PMID: 38826758 PMCID: PMC11141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids were developed to investigate the effects of FGFR4-targeted drugs, including FGFR4-IN and erdafitinib, on CRC and their possible molecular mechanism. Methods Clinical CRC tissues were collected, seven CRC organoids were developed, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. CRC organoids were cultured and organoid drug sensitivity studies were conducted. Finally, an FGFR4-variant (no wild-type) CRC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model was developed. Western blot measured ERK/AKT/STAT3 pathway-related protein levels. Results WES results revealed the presence of FGFR4-variants in 5 of the 7 CRC organoids. The structural organization and integrity of organoids were significantly altered under the influence of targeted drugs (FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib). The effects of FGFR4 targeted drugs were not selective for FGFR4 genotypes. FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib significantly reduced the growth, diameter, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) activity of organoids. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, inhibited FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoid activity. Moreover, the tumor volume of mice was significantly reduced at week 6, and p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, and p-STAT3 levels were down-regulated following FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib treatment. Conclusions FGFR4-targeted and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited the activity of FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoids, and targeted drugs were more effective than chemotherapeutic drugs at the same concentration. Additionally, FGFR4 inhibitors hindered tumorigenesis in FGFR4-variant CRC organoids through ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. However, no wild-type control was tested in this experiment, which need further confirmation in the next study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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2
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Zhen Y, Liu K, Shi L, Shah S, Xu Q, Ellis H, Balasooriya ER, Kreuzer J, Morris R, Baldwin AS, Juric D, Haas W, Bardeesy N. FGFR inhibition blocks NF-ĸB-dependent glucose metabolism and confers metabolic vulnerabilities in cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3805. [PMID: 38714664 PMCID: PMC11076599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic alterations that activate Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) are common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and confer sensitivity to FGFR inhibition. However, the depth and duration of response is often limited. Here, we conduct integrative transcriptomics, metabolomics, and phosphoproteomics analysis of patient-derived models to define pathways downstream of oncogenic FGFR2 signaling that fuel ICC growth and to uncover compensatory mechanisms associated with pathway inhibition. We find that FGFR2-mediated activation of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) maintains a highly glycolytic phenotype. Conversely, FGFR inhibition blocks glucose uptake and glycolysis while inciting adaptive changes, including switching fuel source utilization favoring fatty acid oxidation and increasing mitochondrial fusion and autophagy. Accordingly, FGFR inhibitor efficacy is potentiated by combined mitochondrial targeting, an effect enhanced in xenograft models by intermittent fasting. Thus, we show that oncogenic FGFR2 signaling drives NF-κB-dependent glycolysis in ICC and that metabolic reprogramming in response to FGFR inhibition confers new targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zhen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simran Shah
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Xu
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haley Ellis
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eranga R Balasooriya
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Jermakowicz AM, Kurimchak AM, Johnson KJ, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Kaeppeli S, Affer M, Pradhyumnan H, Suter RK, Walters W, Cepero M, Duncan JS, Ayad NG. RAPID resistance to BET inhibitors is mediated by FGFR1 in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9284. [PMID: 38654040 PMCID: PMC11039727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are therapeutic targets in several cancers including the most common malignant adult brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). Multiple small molecule inhibitors of BET proteins have been utilized in preclinical and clinical studies. Unfortunately, BET inhibitors have not shown efficacy in clinical trials enrolling GBM patients. One possible reason for this may stem from resistance mechanisms that arise after prolonged treatment within a clinical setting. However, the mechanisms and timeframe of resistance to BET inhibitors in GBM is not known. To identify the temporal order of resistance mechanisms in GBM we performed quantitative proteomics using multiplex-inhibitor bead mass spectrometry and demonstrated that intrinsic resistance to BET inhibitors in GBM treatment occurs rapidly within hours and involves the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) protein. Additionally, small molecule inhibition of BET proteins and FGFR1 simultaneously induces synergy in reducing GBM tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Further, FGFR1 knockdown synergizes with BET inhibitor mediated reduction of GBM cell proliferation. Collectively, our studies suggest that co-targeting BET and FGFR1 may dampen resistance mechanisms to yield a clinical response in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Jermakowicz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Alison M Kurimchak
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Katherine J Johnson
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Florence Bourgain-Guglielmetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, 33136, USA
| | - Simon Kaeppeli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Maurizio Affer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, 33136, USA
| | - Hari Pradhyumnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, 33136, USA
| | - Robert K Suter
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Winston Walters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, 33136, USA
| | - Maria Cepero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, 33136, USA
| | - James S Duncan
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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Priesterbach-Ackley LP, van Kuik J, Tops BBJ, Lasorella A, Iavarone A, van Hecke W, Robe PA, Wesseling P, de Leng WWJ. RT-PCR assay to detect FGFR3::TACC3 fusions in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded glioblastoma samples. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:142-149. [PMID: 38496910 PMCID: PMC10940835 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One targeted treatment option for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastoma focuses on tumors with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3::transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (FGFR3::TACC3) fusions. FGFR3::TACC3 fusion detection can be challenging, as targeted RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not routinely performed, and immunohistochemistry is an imperfect surrogate marker. Fusion status can be determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on fresh frozen (FF) material, but sometimes only formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is available. Aim To develop an RT-PCR assay to determine FGFR3::TACC3 status in FFPE glioblastoma samples. Methods Twelve tissue microarrays with 353 historical glioblastoma samples were immunohistochemically stained for FGFR3. Samples with overexpression of FGFR3 (n = 13) were subjected to FGFR3::TACC3 RT-PCR on FFPE, using 5 primer sets for the detection of 5 common fusion variants. Fusion-negative samples were additionally analyzed with NGS (n = 6), FGFR3 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (n = 6), and RNA sequencing (n = 5). Results Using RT-PCR on FFPE material of the 13 samples with FGFR3 overexpression, we detected an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in 7 samples, covering 3 different fusion variants. For 5 of these FF was available, and the presence of the fusion was confirmed through RT-PCR on FF. With RNA sequencing, 1 additional sample was found to harbor an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion (variant not covered by current RT-PCR for FFPE). The frequency of FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in this cohort was 9/353 (2.5%). Conclusions RT-PCR for FGFR3::TACC3 fusions can successfully be performed on FFPE material, with a specificity of 100% and (due to limited primer sets) a sensitivity of 83.3%. This assay allows for the identification of potential targeted treatment options when only formalin-fixed tissue is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce van Kuik
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc & Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Chen X, Li H, Lin Q, Dai S, Qu L, Guo M, Zhang L, Liao J, Wei H, Xu G, Jiang L, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of selective covalent inhibitors of FGFR4. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116281. [PMID: 38432058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling via fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19)/fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been identified as a driver of tumorigenesis and the development of many solid tumors, making FGFR4 is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of bis-acrylamide covalent FGFR4 inhibitors and evaluated their inhibitory activity against FGFRs, FGFR4 mutants, and their antitumor activity. CXF-007, verified by mass spectrometry and crystal structures to form covalent bonds with Cys552 of FGFR4 and Cys488 of FGFR1, exhibited stronger selectivity and potent inhibitory activity for FGFR4 and FGFR4 cysteine mutants. Moreover, CXF-007 exhibited significant antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and breast cancer cell lines through sustained inhibition of the FGFR4 signaling pathway. In summary, our study highlights a novel covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, CXF-007, which has the potential to overcome drug-induced FGFR4 mutations and might provide a new strategy for future anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | | | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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6
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Jiménez-Vicente C, Garrote M, López-Guerra M, Villamón E, Guijarro F, Perez-Valencia AI, Martinez-Roca A, Balaguer O, Álvarez-Larrán A, Hernández-Boluda JC, Rovira M, Colomer D, Diaz-Beyá M, Rozman M, Esteve J. A novel ETV6::FGFR1 fusion gene in a myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with FGFR1 rearrangement sensitive to specific FGFR1-2-3 inhibition. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:394-398. [PMID: 38117930 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2295788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Garrote
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Guerra
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Villamón
- Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Guijarro
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Martinez-Roca
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Balaguer
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Larrán
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Rovira
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Diaz-Beyá
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rozman
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Zarei P, Ghasemi F. The Application of Artificial Intelligence and Drug Repositioning for the Identification of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Review. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38525398 PMCID: PMC10958741 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_170_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence talks about modeling intelligent behavior through a computer with the least human involvement. Drug repositioning techniques based on artificial intelligence accelerate the research process and decrease the cost of experimental studies. Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors as the tyrosine kinase family of receptors plays a vital role in a wide range of malignancies. Because of their functional significance, they were considered promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. This review has summarized small molecules capable of inhibiting FGF receptors that progressed using artificial intelligence and repositioning drugs examined in clinical trials associated with cancer therapy. This review is based on a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to gather the necessary information in each chapter by employing keywords like artificial intelligence, computational drug design, drug repositioning, and FGF receptor inhibitors. To achieve this goal, a spacious literature review of human studies in these fields-published over the last 20 decades-was performed. According to published reports, nonselective FGF receptor inhibitors can be used for cancer management, and multitarget kinase inhibitors are the first drug class approved due to more advanced clinical studies. For example, AZD4547 and BGJ398 are gradually entering the consumption cycle and are good options as combined treatments. Artificial intelligence and drug repositioning methods can help preselect suitable drug targets more successfully for future inhibition of carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zarei
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Zhang C, Huang MN, Shan JQ, Hu ZJ, Li ZW, Liu JY. Pemigatinib, a selective FGFR inhibitor overcomes ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149314. [PMID: 38039831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
P: -glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) overexpression is one of the primary causes of multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, it is crucial to discover effective pharmaceuticals to combat multidrug resistance mediated by ABCB1. Pemigatinib is a selective the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor that is used to treat a variety of solid tumors, Clinical Trials for Urothelial Carcinoma (NCT02872714) completed its research on Pemigatinib. This study aimed to determine whether Pemigatinib can reverse ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance, as well as its mechanism of action. Pemigatinib substantially reversed ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance, as determined by a CCK8 assay, and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that Pemigatinib had no effect on the intracellular localization of ABCB1. Pemigatinib was discovered to increase intracellular drug accumulation, thereby reversing multidrug resistance. In addition, Docking analysis revealed that Pemigatinib and ABCB1 have a high affinity for one another. This study concludes that Pemigatinib is capable of reversing the multidrug resistance mediated by ABCB1, offering ideas and references for the clinical application of Pemigatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Min-Na Huang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 134 Research Park Dr, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jun-Qi Shan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Zun-Jie Hu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 29 Longtan Road, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Department of Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ying Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 38 Wuyingshan Road, Tianqiao, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, PR China.
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9
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Zhong W, He J, Huang W, Yin G, Liu G, Cao Y, Miao J. Effect of the phosphorylation structure in casein phosphopeptides on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts and its mechanism. Food Funct 2023; 14:10107-10118. [PMID: 37874279 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that highly phosphorylated casein phosphopeptides (residues 1-25) P5 could efficiently bind calcium and promote intestinal calcium absorption, and enhanced bone development in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the phosphorylation structure in P5 on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and its mechanism. P5 was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and non-phosphorylated peptide P5-0 was obtained by chemical synthesis. Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of MC3T3-E1 cells treated by P5 was 1.10 times that of P5-0 at 200 μg mL-1. P5 caused the cell cycle retention of MC3T3-E1 cells in the G2/M phase, while P5-0 had no significant difference in the G2/M phase. MC3T3-E1 cells incubated with P5 showed stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than with P5-0, suggesting a tendency to promote cellular differentiation. Compared to the P5-0 treatment group, the P5 treatment group at concentrations of 10 μg mL-1 showed significant differences in the mineralization rates (p < 0.05). P5 significantly upregulated the expressions of Runx2, ALP, ColIα1, and OCN compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, in silico molecular docking showed that the binding force of the P5-EGFR complex was stronger than that of the P5-0-EGFR complex, which was significantly related to the phosphorylation structure in P5 and might be an important reason for osteoblast proliferation. In conclusion, the phosphorylation structure and amino acid composition in P5 stimulated the osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, and could be expected to be a functional food for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jian He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510663, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Guangling Yin
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510663, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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10
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Kikuchi Y, Yamaguchi K, Shimizu R, Matsumoto Y, Kurose Y, Okano N, Otsuka Y, Shibuya K, Matsuda T, Shimada H. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion gene positive that responded to pemigatinib and caused hypophosphatemia. Int Cancer Conf J 2023; 12:285-290. [PMID: 37577338 PMCID: PMC10421826 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-023-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a condition with a poor prognosis. Traditionally, there was no cure unless important drugs such as gemcitabine, cisplatin, and tegafur/gimeracil/uracil potassium showed efficacy. Pemigatinib has recently become accessible for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement gene abnormalities. Hyperphosphatemia is typically linked to pemigatinib. In the current case, pemigatinib was used to effectively treat a 48-year-old woman, and hypophosphatemia was observed. Patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma should undergo aggressive cancer multigene panel testing as well as careful monitoring of serum phosphorus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuu Matsumoto
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kurose
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Okano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Otsuka
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
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11
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Hiranuma K, Asami Y, Kato MK, Murakami N, Shimada Y, Matsuda M, Yazaki S, Fujii E, Sudo K, Kuno I, Komatsu M, Hamamoto R, Makinoshima H, Matsumoto K, Ishikawa M, Kohno T, Terao Y, Itakura A, Yoshida H, Shiraishi K, Kato T. Rare FGFR fusion genes in cervical cancer and transcriptome-based subgrouping of patients with a poor prognosis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17835-17848. [PMID: 37537783 PMCID: PMC10524028 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cervical cancer is often characterized as preventable, its incidence continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutics for this disease.This study assessed the distribution of fusion genes across cancer types and used an RNA-based classification to divide cervical cancer patients with a poor prognosis into subgroups. MATERIAL AND METHODS RNA sequencing of 116 patients with cervical cancer was conducted. Fusion genes were extracted using StarFusion program. To identify a high-risk group for recurrence, 65 patients who received postoperative adjuvant therapy were subjected to non-negative matrix factorization to identify differentially expressed genes between recurrent and nonrecurrent groups. RESULTS We identified three cases with FGFR3-TACC3 and one with GOPC-ROS1 fusion genes as potential targets. A search of publicly available data from cBioPortal (21,789 cases) and the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (32,608 cases) showed that the FGFR3 fusion is present in 1.5% and 0.6% of patients with cervical cancer, respectively. The frequency of the FGFR3 fusion gene was higher in cervical cancer than in other cancers, regardless of ethnicity. Non-negative matrix factorization identified that the patients were classified into four Basis groups. Pathway enrichment analysis identified more extracellular matrix kinetics dysregulation in Basis 3 and more immune system dysregulation in Basis 4 than in the good prognosis group. CIBERSORT analysis showed that the fraction of M1 macrophages was lower in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of FGFR fusion genes in patients with cervical cancer was determined by RNA-based analysis and used to classify patients into clinically relevant subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hiranuma
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuka Asami
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mayumi Kobayashi Kato
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of GynecologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Naoya Murakami
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Maiko Matsuda
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Shu Yazaki
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Erisa Fujii
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of GynecologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Ikumi Kuno
- Department of GynecologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Division of Medical AI Research and DevelopmentNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Cancer Translational Research TeamRIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence ProjectTokyoJapan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and DevelopmentNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Cancer Translational Research TeamRIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence ProjectTokyoJapan
| | | | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of GynecologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of GynecologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
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12
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Mahapatra S, Jonniya NA, Koirala S, Ursal KD, Kar P. The FGF/FGFR signalling mediated anti-cancer drug resistance and therapeutic intervention. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13509-13533. [PMID: 36995019 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) ligands and their receptors are crucial factors driving chemoresistance in several malignancies, challenging the efficacy of currently available anti-cancer drugs. The Fibroblast growth factor/receptor (FGF/FGFR) signalling malfunctions in tumor cells, resulting in a range of molecular pathways that may impact its drug effectiveness. Deregulation of cell signalling is critical since it can enhance tumor growth and metastasis. Overexpression and mutation of FGF/FGFR induce regulatory changes in the signalling pathways. Chromosomal translocation facilitating FGFR fusion production aggravates drug resistance. Apoptosis is inhibited by FGFR-activated signalling pathways, reducing multiple anti-cancer medications' destructive impacts. Angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are facilitated by FGFRs-dependent signalling, which correlates with drug resistance and enhances metastasis. Further, lysosome-mediated drug sequestration is another prominent method of resistance. Inhibition of FGF/FGFR by following a plethora of therapeutic approaches such as covalent and multitarget inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant FGFs, combination therapy, and targeting lysosomes and micro RNAs would be helpful. As a result, FGF/FGFR suppression treatment options are evolving nowadays. To increase positive impacts, the processes underpinning the FGF/FGFR axis' role in developing drug resistance need to be clarified, emphasizing the need for more studies to develop novel therapeutic options to address this significant problem. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Dattatray Ursal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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13
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Ascione CM, Napolitano F, Esposito D, Servetto A, Belli S, Santaniello A, Scagliarini S, Crocetto F, Bianco R, Formisano L. Role of FGFR3 in bladder cancer: Treatment landscape and future challenges. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 115:102530. [PMID: 36898352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy and is responsible for approximately 3.2% of new diagnoses of cancer per year (Sung et al., 2021). Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) have recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. In particular, FGFR3 genomic alterations are potent oncogenic drivers in bladder cancer and represent predictive biomarkers of response to FGFR inhibitors. Indeed, overall ∼50% of bladder cancers have somatic mutations in the FGFR3 -coding sequence (Cappellen et al., 1999; Turner and Grose, 2010). FGFR3 gene rearrangements are typical alterations in bladder cancer (Nelson et al., 2016; Parker et al., 2014). In this review, we summarize the most relevant evidence on the role of FGFR3 and the state-of-art of anti-FGFR3 treatment in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we interrogated the AACR Project GENIE to investigate clinical and molecular features of FGFR3-altered bladder cancers. We found that FGFR3 rearrangements and missense mutations were associated with a lower fraction of mutated genome, compared to the FGFR3 wild-type tumors, as also observed in other oncogene-addicted cancers. Moreover, we observed that FGFR3 genomic alterations are mutually exclusive with other genomic aberrations of canonical bladder cancer oncogenes, such as TP53 and RB1. Finally, we provide an overview of the treatment landscape of FGFR3-altered bladder cancer, discussing future perspectives for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Ascione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Belli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Santaniello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Scagliarini
- Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale A. Cardarelli, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Wang CG, Peiris MN, Meyer AN, Nelson KN, Donoghue DJ. Oncogenic driver FGFR3-TACC3 requires five coiled-coil heptads for activation and disulfide bond formation for stability. Oncotarget 2023; 14:133-145. [PMID: 36780330 PMCID: PMC9924825 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
FGFR3-TACC3 represents an oncogenic fusion protein frequently identified in glioblastoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, oral cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cervical cancer. Various exon breakpoints of FGFR3-TACC3 have been identified in cancers; these were analyzed to determine the minimum contribution of TACC3 for activation of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein. While TACC3 exons 11 and 12 are dispensable for activity, our results show that FGFR3-TACC3 requires exons 13-16 for biological activity. A detailed analysis of exon 13, which consists of 8 heptads forming a coiled coil, further defined the minimal region for biological activity as consisting of 5 heptads from exon 13, in addition to exons 14-16. These conclusions were supported by transformation assays of biological activity, examination of MAPK pathway activation, analysis of disulfide-bonded FGFR3-TACC3, and by examination of the Endoglycosidase H-resistant portion of FGFR3-TACC3. These results demonstrate that clinically identified FGFR3-TACC3 fusion proteins differ in their biological activity, depending upon the specific breakpoint. This study further suggests the TACC3 dimerization domain of FGFR3-TACC3 as a novel target in treating FGFR translocation driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark G. Wang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,2Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Malalage N. Peiris
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - April N. Meyer
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katelyn N. Nelson
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J. Donoghue
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,3Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Correspondence to:Daniel J. Donoghue, email:
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15
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Goyal L, Meric-Bernstam F, Hollebecque A, Valle JW, Morizane C, Karasic TB, Abrams TA, Furuse J, Kelley RK, Cassier PA, Klümpen HJ, Chang HM, Chen LT, Tabernero J, Oh DY, Mahipal A, Moehler M, Mitchell EP, Komatsu Y, Masuda K, Ahn D, Epstein RS, Halim AB, Fu Y, Salimi T, Wacheck V, He Y, Liu M, Benhadji KA, Bridgewater JA. Futibatinib for FGFR2-Rearranged Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:228-239. [PMID: 36652354 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2206834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) have emerged as promising drug targets for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Futibatinib, a next-generation, covalently binding FGFR1-4 inhibitor, has been shown to have both antitumor activity in patients with FGFR-altered tumors and strong preclinical activity against acquired resistance mutations associated with ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitors. METHODS In this multinational, open-label, single-group, phase 2 study, we enrolled patients with unresectable or metastatic FGFR2 fusion-positive or FGFR2 rearrangement-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and disease progression after one or more previous lines of systemic therapy (excluding FGFR inhibitors). The patients received oral futibatinib at a dose of 20 mg once daily in a continuous regimen. The primary end point was objective response (partial or complete response), as assessed by independent central review. Secondary end points included the response duration, progression-free and overall survival, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Between April 16, 2018, and November 29, 2019, a total of 103 patients were enrolled and received futibatinib. A total of 43 of 103 patients (42%; 95% confidence interval, 32 to 52) had a response, and the median duration of response was 9.7 months. Responses were consistent across patient subgroups, including patients with heavily pretreated disease, older adults, and patients who had co-occurring TP53 mutations. At a median follow-up of 17.1 months, the median progression-free survival was 9.0 months and overall survival was 21.7 months. Common treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were hyperphosphatemia (in 30% of the patients), an increased aspartate aminotransferase level (in 7%), stomatitis (in 6%), and fatigue (in 6%). Treatment-related adverse events led to permanent discontinuation of futibatinib in 2% of the patients. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Quality of life was maintained throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS In previously treated patients with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the use of futibatinib, a covalent FGFR inhibitor, led to measurable clinical benefit. (Funded by Taiho Oncology and Taiho Pharmaceutical; FOENIX-CCA2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02052778.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Goyal
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Juan W Valle
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Thomas B Karasic
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Thomas A Abrams
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Junji Furuse
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Robin K Kelley
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Heung-Moon Chang
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Josep Tabernero
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Amit Mahipal
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Markus Moehler
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshito Komatsu
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Kunihiro Masuda
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Daniel Ahn
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Robert S Epstein
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Abdel-Baset Halim
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Yao Fu
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Tehseen Salimi
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Volker Wacheck
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Yaohua He
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Mei Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - Karim A Benhadji
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
| | - John A Bridgewater
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto (L.G.), and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (R.K.K.) - both in California; the Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (L.G.), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (T.A.A.) - both in Boston; the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.M.-B.); the Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (A.H.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - both in France; the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J.W.V.), and University College London Cancer Institute, London (J.A.B.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo (C.M.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (J.F.), Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo (Y.K.), and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (K.M.) - all in Japan; the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (T.B.K.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (E.P.M.) - both in Philadelphia; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (H.-J.K.); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine (H.-M.C.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine (D.-Y.O.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; the National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan (L.-T.C.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Baselga Oncologic Institute, Hospital Quiron, Barcelona (J.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.M.); Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (M.M.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.A.); Epstein Health, Woodcliff Lake, NJ (R.S.E.); Taiho Oncology, Princeton, NJ (A.-B.H., T.S., V.W., Y.H., M.L., K.A.B.); and Ilumina, San Diego, CA (Y.F.)
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Sorokin M, Rabushko E, Rozenberg JM, Mohammad T, Seryakov A, Sekacheva M, Buzdin A. Clinically relevant fusion oncogenes: detection and practical implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221144108. [PMID: 36601633 PMCID: PMC9806411 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221144108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistically, chimeric genes result from DNA rearrangements and include parts of preexisting normal genes combined at the genomic junction site. Some rearranged genes encode pathological proteins with altered molecular functions. Those which can aberrantly promote carcinogenesis are called fusion oncogenes. Their formation is not a rare event in human cancers, and many of them were documented in numerous study reports and in specific databases. They may have various molecular peculiarities like increased stability of an oncogenic part, self-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor moiety, and altered transcriptional regulation activities. Currently, tens of low molecular mass inhibitors are approved in cancers as the drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) oncogenic fusion proteins, that is, including ALK, ABL, EGFR, FGFR1-3, NTRK1-3, MET, RET, ROS1 moieties. Therein, the presence of the respective RTK fusion in the cancer genome is the diagnostic biomarker for drug prescription. However, identification of such fusion oncogenes is challenging as the breakpoint may arise in multiple sites within the gene, and the exact fusion partner is generally unknown. There is no gold standard method for RTK fusion detection, and many alternative experimental techniques are employed nowadays to solve this issue. Among them, RNA-seq-based methods offer an advantage of unbiased high-throughput analysis of only transcribed RTK fusion genes, and of simultaneous finding both fusion partners in a single RNA-seq read. Here we focus on current knowledge of biology and clinical aspects of RTK fusion genes, related databases, and laboratory detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizaveta Rabushko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tharaa Mohammad
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Marina Sekacheva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Moscow, Russia,PathoBiology Group, European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
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Li T, Zhang G, Zhang X, Lin H, Liu Q. The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome: Genotypic and phenotypic classification and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015792. [PMID: 36408177 PMCID: PMC9669583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
EMS(8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, EMS) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm with/without eosinophilia caused by a rearrangement of the FGFR1 gene at 8p11-12. It was found that all cases carry chromosome abnormalities at the molecular level, not only the previously reported chromosome translocation and insertion but also a chromosome inversion. These abnormalities produced 17 FGFR1 fusion genes, of which the most common partner genes are ZNF198 on 13q11-12 and BCR of 22q11.2. The clinical manifestations can develop into AML (acute myeloid leukemia), T-LBL (T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma), CML (chronic myeloid leukemia), CMML (chronic monomyelocytic leukemia), or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Most patients are resistant to traditional chemotherapy, and a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical remission after stem cell transplantation. Recently, the therapeutic effect of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as pemigatinib and infigratinib) in 8p11 has been confirmed in vitro and clinical trials. The TKIs may become an 8p11 treatment option as an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaoling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Walden D, Eslinger C, Bekaii-Saab T. Pemigatinib for adults with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221115317. [PMID: 35967919 PMCID: PMC9364186 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers are a diverse and aggressive malignancy that carry a poor chance for curative treatment and significant associated mortality. Current first-line treatment only extends median overall survival to roughly 1 year and is associated with a significant adverse event profile. Recently, advancements in genetic sequencing have opened new avenues of targeted treatment. In cholangiocarcinoma, FGFR2 alterations have been shown to be present in roughly 10-15% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Pemigatinib, a FGFR1-4 inhibitor, has been shown to significantly extend survival in the second-line setting to over 20 months in patients who harbor FGFR2 fusions. Here, we outline the development and future direction of pemigatinib and other FGFR2 inhibitors in the field of advanced biliary tract cancers.
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19
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FGFR3-TACCs3 Fusions and Their Clinical Relevance in Human Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158675. [PMID: 35955806 PMCID: PMC9369421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusion genes have emerged as successful targets in several malignancies, such as chronic myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. Fusion of the fibroblast growth receptor 3 and the transforming acidic coiled coil containing protein—FGFR3-TACC3 fusion—is prevalent in 3–4% of human glioblastoma. The fusion protein leads to the constitutively activated kinase signaling of FGFR3 and thereby promotes cell proliferation and tumor progression. The subgroup of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion-positive glioblastomas presents with recurrent clinical and histomolecular characteristics, defining a distinctive subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. This review aims to provide an overview of the available literature on FGFR3-TACC3 fusions in glioblastoma and possible implications for actual clinical practice.
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20
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Experimentally Deduced Criteria for Detection of Clinically Relevant Fusion 3′ Oncogenes from FFPE Bulk RNA Sequencing Data. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081866. [PMID: 36009413 PMCID: PMC9405289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) oncogenic fusion proteins demonstrate impressive anti-cancer activities. The fusion presence in the cancer is the respective drug prescription biomarker, but their identification is challenging as both the breakpoint and the exact fusion partners are unknown. RNAseq offers the advantage of finding both fusion parts by screening sequencing reads. Paraffin (FFPE) tissue blocks are the most common way of storing cancer biomaterials in biobanks. However, finding RTK fusions in FFPE samples is challenging as RNA fragments are short and their artifact ligation may appear in sequencing libraries. Here, we annotated RNAseq reads of 764 experimental FFPE solid cancer samples, 96 leukemia samples, and 2 cell lines, and identified 36 putative clinically relevant RTK fusions with junctions corresponding to exon borders of the fusion partners. Where possible, putative fusions were validated by RT-PCR (confirmed for 10/25 fusions tested). For the confirmed 3′RTK fusions, we observed the following distinguishing features. Both moieties were in-frame, and the tyrosine kinase domain was preserved. RTK exon coverage by RNAseq reads upstream of the junction site were lower than downstream. Finally, most of the true fusions were present by more than one RNAseq read. This provides the basis for automatic annotation of 3′RTK fusions using FFPE RNAseq profiles.
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21
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Genomic architecture of FGFR2 fusions in cholangiocarcinoma and its implication for molecular testing. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1540-1549. [PMID: 35871236 PMCID: PMC9553883 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignancy of the biliary tract with a dismal prognosis. Recently, several actionable genetic aberrations were identified with significant enrichment in intrahepatic CCA, including FGFR2 gene fusions with a prevalence of 10–15%. Recent clinical data demonstrate that these fusions are druggable in a second-line setting in advanced/metastatic disease and the efficacy in earlier lines of therapy is being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. This scenario warrants standardised molecular profiling of these tumours. Methods A detailed analysis of the original genetic data from the FIGHT-202 trial, on which the approval of Pemigatinib was based, was conducted. Results Comparing different detection approaches and displaying representative cases, we described the genetic landscape and architecture of FGFR2 fusions in iCCA and show biological and technical aspects to be considered for their detection. We elaborated parameters, including a suggestion for annotation, that should be stated in a molecular diagnostic FGFR2 report to allow a complete understanding of the analysis performed and the information provided. Conclusion This study provides a detailed presentation and dissection of the technical and biological aspects regarding FGFR2 fusion detection, which aims to support molecular pathologists, pathologists and clinicians in diagnostics, reporting of the results and decision-making.
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22
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Wu X, Liu Z, Gan C, Wei W, Zhang Q, Liu H, Que H, Su X, Yue L, He H, Ouyang L, Ye T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin/pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as FGFRs-dominant multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of gastric cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105965. [PMID: 35759882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most lethal cancer across the world. With the progress in therapeutic approaches, the 5-year survival rate of early gastric cancer can reach > 95%. However, the prognosis and survival time of advanced gastric cancer is still somber. Therefore, more effective targeted therapies for gastric cancer treatment are urgently needed. FGFR, VEGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinases have recently been suggested as potential targets for gastric cancer treatment. We herein report the discovery of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin/pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as a new class of FGFRs-dominant multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. SAR assessment identified the most active compounds 8f and 8k, which showed excellent inhibitory activity against a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases. Moreover, 8f and 8k displayed excellent potency in the SNU-16 gastric cancer cell line. Furthermore, 8f and 8k could inhibit FGFR1 phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways as well as induce cell apoptosis. In vivo, 8f and 8k suppress tumor growth in the SNU-16 xenograft model without inducing obvious toxicity. These findings raise the possibility that compounds 8f and 8k might serve as potential agents for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cailin Gan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanyun Que
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hualong He
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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23
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Yin L, Han Z, Feng M, Wang J, Xie Z, Yu W, Fu X, Shen N, Wang X, Duan A, Zhang Y, Ma J. Chimeric transcripts observed in non-canonical FGFR2 fusions with partner genes' breakpoint located in intergenic region in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Genet 2022; 266-267:39-43. [PMID: 35749865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a fatal bile duct cancer with dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. FGFR family fusion have been identified in many diseases, and FGFR2 fusion is a validated oncogenic driver in ICC. At present, a variety of fusion forms have been reported, including gene-gene, gene-intergenic, and intergenic-intergenic fusion. Here, by performing RNA- and DNA-sequencing analysis, FGFR2 fusions were found in 10.1% of ICC, including 4 gene-intergenic fusions. We confirmed that the non-canonical rearrangements can generate chimeric transcripts, and used conventional splicing mechanism to explain the event. Our study provides possible target therapy for these 4 patients and possibility analysis scheme for similar situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Meilin Feng
- Department of Data System, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Xie
- Department of Research and Development, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjia Shen
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Duan
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- 2nd Department of Biliary Truct Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary surgery hospital, 225#Changhai Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Data System, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Proteomic analysis reveals dual requirement for Grb2 and PLCγ1 interactions for BCR-FGFR1-Driven 8p11 cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2022; 13:659-676. [PMID: 35574218 PMCID: PMC9093983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) often leads to aberrant cell proliferation and cancer. The BCR-FGFR1 fusion protein, created by chromosomal translocation t(8;22)(p11;q11), contains Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR) joined to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1). BCR-FGFR1 represents a significant driver of 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, or stem cell leukemia/lymphoma, which progresses to acute myeloid leukemia or T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Mutations were introduced at Y177F, the binding site for adapter protein Grb2 within BCR; and at Y766F, the binding site for the membrane associated enzyme PLCγ1 within FGFR1. We examined anchorage-independent cell growth, overall cell proliferation using hematopoietic cells, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. BCR-FGFR1-induced changes in protein phosphorylation, binding partners, and signaling pathways were dissected using quantitative proteomics to interrogate the protein interactome, the phosphoproteome, and the interactome of BCR-FGFR1. The effects on BCR-FGFR1-stimulated cell proliferation were examined using the PLCγ1 inhibitor U73122, and the irreversible FGFR inhibitor futibatinib (TAS-120), both of which demonstrated efficacy. An absolute requirement is demonstrated for the dual binding partners Grb2 and PLCγ1 in BCR-FGFR1-driven cell proliferation, and new proteins such as ECSIT, USP15, GPR89, GAB1, and PTPN11 are identified as key effectors for hematopoietic transformation by BCR-FGFR1.
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25
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Gabler L, Jaunecker CN, Katz S, van Schoonhoven S, Englinger B, Pirker C, Mohr T, Vician P, Stojanovic M, Woitzuck V, Laemmerer A, Kirchhofer D, Mayr L, LaFranca M, Erhart F, Grissenberger S, Wenninger-Weinzierl A, Sturtzel C, Kiesel B, Lang A, Marian B, Grasl-Kraupp B, Distel M, Schüler J, Gojo J, Grusch M, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Donoghue DJ, Lötsch D, Berger W. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 promotes glioblastoma progression: a central role of integrin-mediated cell invasiveness. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 35484633 PMCID: PMC9052585 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by a particularly invasive phenotype, supported by oncogenic signals from the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/ FGF receptor (FGFR) network. However, a possible role of FGFR4 remained elusive so far. Several transcriptomic glioma datasets were analyzed. An extended panel of primary surgical specimen-derived and immortalized GBM (stem)cell models and original tumor tissues were screened for FGFR4 expression. GBM models engineered for wild-type and dominant-negative FGFR4 overexpression were investigated regarding aggressiveness and xenograft formation. Gene set enrichment analyses of FGFR4-modulated GBM models were compared to patient-derived datasets. Despite widely absent in adult brain, FGFR4 mRNA was distinctly expressed in embryonic neural stem cells and significantly upregulated in glioblastoma. Pronounced FGFR4 overexpression defined a distinct GBM patient subgroup with dismal prognosis. Expression levels of FGFR4 and its specific ligands FGF19/FGF23 correlated both in vitro and in vivo and were progressively upregulated in the vast majority of recurrent tumors. Based on overexpression/blockade experiments in respective GBM models, a central pro-oncogenic function of FGFR4 concerning viability, adhesion, migration, and clonogenicity was identified. Expression of dominant-negative FGFR4 resulted in diminished (subcutaneous) or blocked (orthotopic) GBM xenograft formation in the mouse and reduced invasiveness in zebrafish xenotransplantation models. In vitro and in vivo data consistently revealed distinct FGFR4 and integrin/extracellular matrix interactions. Accordingly, FGFR4 blockade profoundly sensitized FGFR4-overexpressing GBM models towards integrin/focal adhesion kinase inhibitors. Collectively, FGFR4 overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a highly aggressive GBM subgroup and is associated with integrin-related therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gabler
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carola Nadine Jaunecker
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Katz
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christine Pirker
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Vician
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Woitzuck
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Laemmerer
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Kirchhofer
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mery LaFranca
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Friedrich Erhart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schüler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Wagner-Jauregg-Weg 15, 4020, Linz and Altenberger Strasse 69, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0367, USA
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Joo EH, Bae JH, Park J, Bang YJ, Han J, Gulati N, Kim JI, Park CG, Park WY, Kim HJ. Deconvolution of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma With Single-Cell RNA-Seq Using Frozen Archived Skin Tissue Reveals New Subset of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856363. [PMID: 35464471 PMCID: PMC9021607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. However, little is known about the underlying activated molecular pathways at the single cell level. Moreover, the intercellular communications between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells in this malignancy are currently unknown. Difficulties in harvesting fresh tissue in a clinical setting have hampered our deeper understanding of this malignancy. Herein, we examined ATLL using archived fresh frozen tissue after biopsy using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal analysis. Highly clonal tumor cells showed multiple activating pathways, suggesting dynamic evolution of the malignancy. By dissecting diverse cell types comprising the TME, we identified a novel subset of cancer-associated fibroblast, which showed enriched epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related transcripts including early growth response 1 and 2 (EGR1 and EGR2). Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of ATLL play an important role for CD4 T-cell proliferation via FGF7-FGF1 and PDGFA-PDGFRA/B signaling, and CAFs, particularly EGR-enriched, are also associated with CD8 and NKT expansion by EGFR. These findings suggest a potential targeted therapeutic pathway to better treat this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Joo
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jai Hee Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joseph Han
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genome Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Genome Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ryu S, Nam Y, Kim N, Shin I, Jeon E, Kim Y, Kim ND, Sim T. Identification of Pyridinyltriazine Derivatives as Potent panFGFR Inhibitors against Gatekeeper Mutants for Overcoming Drug Resistance. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6017-6038. [PMID: 35436119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although FGFR inhibitors hold promise in treating various cancers, resistance to the FGFR inhibitors caused by acquired secondary mutations has emerged. To discover novel FGFR inhibitors capable of inhibiting FGFR mutations, including gatekeeper mutations, we designed and synthesized several new pyridinyltriazine derivatives. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study led to the identification of 17a as a highly potent panFGFR inhibitor against wild-type and mutant FGFRs. Notably, 17a is superior to infigratinib in terms of kinase-inhibitory and cellular activities, especially against V555M-FGFR3. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a clear understanding of why pyridinyltraizine derivative 17a possesses activity against V555M-FGFR3. Moreover, 17a significantly suppresses proliferation of cancer cells harboring FGFR mutations via FGFR signaling blockade, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, 17a and 17b exhibited remarkable efficacies in TEL-V555M-FGFR3 Ba/F3 xenograft mouse model and 17a is more efficacious than infigratinib. This study provides new insight into the design of novel FGFR inhibitors that are active against FGFR mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongShick Ryu
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyoung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Voronoibio Inc., 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Shibata N, Cho N, Koyama H, Naito M. Development of a degrader against oncogenic fusion protein FGFR3-TACC3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 60:128584. [PMID: 35085722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (FGFR3-TACC3), which has been identified in many cancers such as glioblastoma and bladder cancer, is a potent oncogenic fusion protein that induces constitutive activation of FGFR signaling, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Although several tyrosine kinase inhibitors against FGFR are currently under development, resistance to such types of inhibitors in patients has become a concern. In this study, a chimeric molecule SNIPER(TACC3)-11 (5a) was developed and found to reduce FGFR3-TACC3 levels effectively. Compound 5a conjugated KHS108 (a TACC3 ligand) to an LCL161 derivative (11) (an inhibitor of apoptosis protein [IAP] ligand) with a PEG linker (n = 2). Mechanistical analysis showed that cellular IAP1 was required for the reduction of FGFR3-TACC3 levels. Consistent with the decrease in FGFR3-TACC3 levels, compound 5a suppressed the growth of FGFR3-TACC3 positive cells. Thus, compound 5a is a candidate therapeutic with a novel drug modality against cancers that exhibit FGFR3-TACC3-dependent proliferation and exerts pharmacological effects distinct from FGFR3 kinase inhibitors because it lacks substructures crucial for kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroo Koyama
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Social Cooperation Program of Targeted Protein Degradation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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29
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Loo SK, Yates ME, Yang S, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wang X. Fusion-Associated Carcinomas of the Breast: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:261-273. [PMID: 35106856 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions comprise a class of viable genetic targets in solid tumors that have culminated several recent break-through cancer therapies. Their role in breast cancer, however, remains largely underappreciated due to the complexity of genomic rearrangements in breast malignancy. Just recently, we and others have identified several recurrent gene fusions in breast cancer with important clinical and biological implications. Examples of the most significant recurrent gene fusions to date include 1) ESR1-CCDC170 gene fusions in luminal B and endocrine resistant breast cancer that exert oncogenic function via modulating the HER2/HER3/SRC complex, 2) ESR1 exon 6 fusions in metastatic disease that drive estrogen-independent ER transcriptional activity, 3) BCL2L14-ETV6 fusions in a more aggressive form of the triple negative subtype that prime epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endow paclitaxel resistance, 4) the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in secretory breast carcinoma that constitutively activates NTRK3 kinase, 5) the oncogenic MYB-NFIB fusion as a genetic driver underpinning adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast that activates MYB pathway, and 6) the NOTCH/MAST kinase gene fusions that activate NOTCH and MAST signaling. Importantly, these fusions are enriched in more aggressive and lethal breast cancer presentations and appear to confer therapeutic resistance. Thus, these gene fusions could be utilized as genetic biomarkers to identify patients that require more intensive treatment and surveillance. In addition, kinase fusions are currently being evaluated in breast cancer clinical trials and on-going mechanistic investigation is exposing therapeutic vulnerabilities in patients with fusion positive disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Yates
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sichun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Ji T, Chen X, Liu X, Yeleswaram S. Population Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Pemigatinib in Patients With Advanced Malignancies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:454-466. [PMID: 35092702 PMCID: PMC9306536 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pemigatinib is a fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–3 inhibitor used to treat cholangiocarcinoma. A compartmental population pharmacokinetics model was developed using data from 318 patients with cancer enrolled in a phase 1 dose‐escalation/dose‐expansion study, a phase 1 Japanese PK bridging study, and a phase 2 cholangiocarcinoma study. The final model for pemigatinib was a 2‐compartment disposition model with first‐order absorption and linear elimination. All fixed‐ and random‐effect parameters were estimated with good precision, and no apparent biases in the overall model fit were observed. For females, the estimated typical pemigatinib absorption rate constant (ka) and oral clearance (CL/F) were estimated (1.49 L/h and 10.3 L/h, respectively). For males, the typical apparent clearance and ka are 19.0% higher and 56.5% lower, respectively, compared with females. Typical apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment (Vc/F) and peripheral compartment for a 73.3‐kg patient was estimated to be 122.0 L and 80.1 L, respectively; both increased with body weight. Phosphate binder coadministration decreases typical pemigatinib CL/F by 14.1%. Proton pump inhibitor coadministration increases typical pemigatinib apparent Vc/F by 24.4%. Phosphate binders and sex contribute a <20% change to CL/F. The impact of the investigated covariates on pemigatinib pharmacokinetics are not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Incyte Research Institute Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Incyte Research Institute Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Incyte Research Institute Wilmington Delaware USA
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31
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Zhang X, Wang F, Yan F, Huang D, Wang H, Gao B, Gao Y, Hou Z, Lou J, Li W, Yan J. Identification of a novel HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion gene involved in activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:40. [PMID: 35081975 PMCID: PMC8793161 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rearrangements involving the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene result in 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), which is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy that is often initially diagnosed as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Clinical outcomes are typically poor due to relative resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and rapid transformation to acute leukemia. Deciphering the transcriptomic signature of FGFR1 fusions may open new treatment strategies for FGFR1 rearrangement patients. Methods DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) was performed for 20 MDS patients and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for one HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion positive patient. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed for 20 MDS patients and 8 healthy donors. Fusion genes were detected using the STAR-Fusion tool. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion gene. The phosphorylation antibody array was performed to validate the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling. Results We identified frequently recurrent mutations of ASXL1 and U2AF1 in the MDS cohort, which is consistent with previous reports. We also identified a novel in-frame HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion gene in one MDS case with abnormal monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and ring chromosome 8. FISH analysis detected the FGFR1 break-apart signal in myeloid blasts only. qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing confirmed the HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion transcript with breakpoints located at the 11th exon of HOOK3 and 10th exon of FGFR1, and Western blot detected the chimeric HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion protein that is presumed to retain the entire tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR1. The transcriptional feature of HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion was characterized by the significant enrichment of the NF-kappaB pathway by comparing the expression profiling of FGFR1 fusion positive MDS with 8 healthy donors and FGFR1 fusion negative MDS patients. Further validation by phosphorylation antibody array also showed NF-kappaB activation, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of p65 (Ser 536) and of IKBalpha (Ser 32). Conclusions The HOOK3-FGFR1 fusion gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS and activate the NF-kappaB pathway. These findings highlight a potential novel approach for combination therapy for FGFR1 rearrangement patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02451-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Fanzhi Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Haina Wang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijie Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Jiacheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Biotechnology College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China.
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China. .,Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116027, Dalian, China.
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32
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Yau DT, Lacambra MD, Chow C, To K. The Novel finding of an
FGFR1‐TACC1
Fusion in an Undifferentiated Spindle Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Aggressive Clinical Course. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:206-211. [PMID: 35064610 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Tsz‐Wai Yau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology the Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Maribel D. Lacambra
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology the Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology the Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ka‐Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology the Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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33
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Sudhesh Dev S, Zainal Abidin SA, Farghadani R, Othman I, Naidu R. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772510. [PMID: 34867402 PMCID: PMC8634471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane cell-surface proteins that act as signal transducers. They regulate essential cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. RTK alteration occurs in a broad spectrum of cancers, emphasising its crucial role in cancer progression and as a suitable therapeutic target. The use of small molecule RTK inhibitors however, has been crippled by the emergence of resistance, highlighting the need for a pleiotropic anti-cancer agent that can replace or be used in combination with existing pharmacological agents to enhance treatment efficacy. Curcumin is an attractive therapeutic agent mainly due to its potent anti-cancer effects, extensive range of targets and minimal toxicity. Out of the numerous documented targets of curcumin, RTKs appear to be one of the main nodes of curcumin-mediated inhibition. Many studies have found that curcumin influences RTK activation and their downstream signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and decreased migration in cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This review focused on how curcumin exhibits anti-cancer effects through inhibition of RTKs and downstream signaling pathways like the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB pathways. Combination studies of curcumin and RTK inhibitors were also analysed with emphasis on their common molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareshma Sudhesh Dev
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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34
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Biological Significance and Targeting of the FGFR Axis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225681. [PMID: 34830836 PMCID: PMC8616401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary All cells within tissues and organ systems must communicate with each other to ensure they function in a coordinated manner. One form of communication is signalling mediated by small proteins (for example fibroblast growth factors; FGFs) that are secreted by one cell and bind to specialised receptors (for example FGF receptors) on nearby cells. These receptors propagate the signal to the nucleus of the receiving cell, which in turn dictates to the cell how it should react. FGFR signalling is versatile, tightly controlled and important for normal body homeostasis, facilitating growth, healing and replacing old cells. However, cancer cells can take command of this pathway and use it to their advantage. This review will first explain the biology of FGFR signalling and then describe how it can be corrupted, the implications in cancer, and how it can be targeted to improve cancer therapy. Abstract The pleiotropic effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the widespread expression of all seven signalling FGF receptors (FGFRs) throughout the body, and the dramatic phenotypes shown by many FGF/R knockout mice, highlight the diversity, complexity and functional importance of FGFR signalling. The FGF/R axis is critical during normal tissue development, homeostasis and repair. Therefore, it is not surprising that substantial evidence also pinpoints the involvement of aberrant FGFR signalling in disease, including tumourigenesis. FGFR aberrations in cancer include mutations, gene fusions, and amplifications as well as corrupted autocrine/paracrine loops. Indeed, many clinical trials on cancer are focusing on targeting the FGF/FGFR axis, using selective FGFR inhibitors, nonselective FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibodies and some have already been approved for the treatment of cancer patients. The heterogeneous tumour microenvironment and complexity of FGFR signalling may be some of the factors responsible for the resistance or poor response to therapy with FGFR axis-directed therapeutic agents. In the present review we will focus on the structure and function of FGF(R)s, their common irregularities in cancer and the therapeutic value of targeting their function in cancer.
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Kabu K, Takei S, Kondo M, Kitazawa K, Harada T. [Pharmacological characteristics and clinical study results of Pemigatinib (Pemazyre ® Tablets), a selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:392-402. [PMID: 34719574 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pemigatinib (Pemazyre® Tablets 4.5 mg) is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, created by Incyte Corporation. The product was approved in March 2021 and was launched in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or rearrangement that has progressed after at least one prior line of systemic therapy. Pemigatinib was shown to selectively inhibit kinase activity of FGFR1~3 (IC50; 0.39~1.2 nM). In cultured cells, pemigatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream signals, ERK1/2 and STAT5 in a concentration-dependent manner. Pemigatinib also potently inhibited the growth of various types of cell lines with FGFR 1~3 gene alteration. Pemigatinib was shown to induce concentration-dependent tumor regression in a tumor xenograft model mice in which tumor tissue sections from patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) harboring FGFR2 gene fusions were transplanted. Pemigatinib was well tolerated in Japanese and overseas Phase1 studies (INCB 54828-101 and 202). In the global phase2 study (INCB 54828-202) conducted in CCA patients with FGFR2 gene fusions or rearrangements, significant improvement in the overall response rate was observed. Although several adverse reactions were observed which was based on the mechanism of action of pemigatinib, the safety profile and management of the adverse reactions were favorable. Pemigatinib is expected to contribute to second-line drug treatment after failure of standard therapies in biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kabu
- Medical Affairs, Incyte Biosciences Japan G.K
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36
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Braun S, McSheehy P, Litherland K, McKernan P, Forster-Gross N, Bachmann F, El-Shemerly M, Dimova-Dobreva M, Polyakova I, Häckl M, Zhou P, Lane H, Kellenberger L, Engelhardt M. Derazantinib: an investigational drug for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1071-1080. [PMID: 34698609 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1995355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review evaluates the clinical role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) inhibition with derazantinib in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) harboring actionable oncogenic FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, mutations and amplifications. FGFR inhibitors such as derazantinib are currently being evaluated to address the unmet medical need of patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic iCCA harboring such genetic aberrations. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pharmacokinetics, and the emerging safety and efficacy data of the investigational FGFR inhibitor derazantinib. We discuss the future directions of this novel therapeutic agent for iCCA. EXPERT OPINION Derazantinib is a potent FGFR1‒3 kinase inhibitor which also has activity against colony stimulating factor-1‒receptor (CSF1R) and vascular endothelial growfth factor receptor‒2 (VEGFR2), suggesting a potentially differentiated role in the treatment of patients with iCCA. Derazantinib has shown clinically meaningful efficacy with durable objective responses, supporting the therapeutic potential of derazantinib in previously treated patients with iCCA harboring FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, mutations and amplifications. The clinical safety profile of derazantinib was well manageable and compared favorably to the FGFR inhibitor class, particularly with a low incidence of drug-related hand-foot syndrome, stomatitis, retinal and nail toxicity. These findings support the need for increased molecular profiling of cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Braun
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul McSheehy
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karine Litherland
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Phil McKernan
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Bachmann
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Inessa Polyakova
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Häckl
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ping Zhou
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Lane
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Engelhardt
- Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Amongst the several types of brain cancers known to humankind, glioma is one of the most severe and life-threatening types of cancer, comprising 40% of all primary brain tumors. Recent reports have shown the incident rate of gliomas to be 6 per 100,000 individuals per year globally. Despite the various therapeutics used in the treatment of glioma, patient survival rate remains at a median of 15 months after undergoing first-line treatment including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy with Temozolomide. As such, the discovery of newer and more effective therapeutic agents is imperative for patient survival rate. The advent of computer-aided drug design in the development of drug discovery has emerged as a powerful means to ascertain potential hit compounds with distinctively high therapeutic effectiveness against glioma. This review encompasses the recent advances of bio-computational in-silico modeling that have elicited the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and/or drugs against various therapeutic targets in glioma. The relevant information provided in this report will assist researchers, especially in the drug design domains, to develop more effective therapeutics against this global disease.
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Guo T, Gu C, Li B, Xu C. Dual inhibition of FGFR4 and BCL-xL inhibits multi-resistant ovarian cancer with BCL2L1 gain. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19750-19759. [PMID: 34351305 PMCID: PMC8386571 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Overexpression of BCL2L1 (BCL-xL) was associated with platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OvCa). However, role of copy number (CN) gain of BCL2L1 in OvCa remains elusive. Methods: In silico analyses of multiple public datasets were perform. Validation was carried out in our tissue microarray (TMA) of OvCa cases. In vitro and in vivo assays was performed to explore potential targeted compound against BCL2L1-gained OvCa. Results: BCL2L1 was gained in ~60% of OvCa. BCL2L1 was differentially expressed between healthy and cancerous ovarian cases. BCL2L1 gain was not prognostic either in overall or in progression-free survival but higher BCL2L1 expression was associated with worsened survival, indicating biological distinction between CN gain and overexpression of the gene. BCL2L1 gain was associated with multi-resistance to various drug with no significant sensitivity to any single agent. Only CRISPR-mediated BCL2L1 knockout, but not shRNA could be inhibitive. Combined genetic silencing of FGFR4/NCAM and BCL2L1 with shRNA induced potent inhibition of BCL2L1-gained OvCa with durable effect. Combined inhibition of FGFR/BCL-xL was required for inhibiting BCL2L1-gained OvCa in vitro and in vivo. Only dual inhibition of FGFR/BCL-xL without platinum was tolerable in vivo. Conclusion: Gain of BCL2L1 is associated with resistance to multiple anti-cancer agents in OvCa. Dual inhibition of FGFR4 and BCL-xL showed potent effect and tolerable toxicity, holding promise to further translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Insights of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 aberrations in pan-cancer and their roles in potential clinical treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16541-16566. [PMID: 34160364 PMCID: PMC8266346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) alters frequently across various cancer types and is a common therapeutic target in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) with FGFR3 variants. Although emerging evidence supports the role of FGFR3 in individual cancer types, no pan-cancer analysis is available. In this work, we used the open comprehensive datasets, covering a total of 10,953 patients with 10,967 samples across 32 TCGA cancer types, to identify the full alteration spectrum of FGFR3. FGFR3 abnormal expression, methylation patterns, alteration frequency, mutation location distribution, functional impact, and prognostic implications differed greatly from cancer to cancer. The overall alteration frequency of FGFR3 was relatively low in all cancers. Targetable mutations were mainly detected in BLCA, and S249C, Y373C, G370C, and R248C were hotspot mutations that could be targeted by an FDA approved erdafitinib. Genetic fusions were mainly observed in glioma, followed by BLCA. FGFR3-TACC3 was the most common fusion type which was proposed as novel therapeutic targets in glioma and was targetable with erdafitinib in BLCA. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were two lung cancer subtypes, FGFR3 fusion and hotspot mutation like S249C were observed more commonly in LUSC but not in LUAD. DNA methylation was correlated with the expression of FGFR3 and its downstream genes in some tumors. FGFG3 abnormal expression and alterations exhibited clinical correlations with patient prognosis in several tumors. This work exhibited the full alteration spectrum of FGFR3 and indicated several new clues for their application as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators.
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40
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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41
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Tukachinsky H, Madison RW, Chung JH, Gjoerup OV, Severson EA, Dennis L, Fendler BJ, Morley S, Zhong L, Graf RP, Ross JS, Alexander BM, Abida W, Chowdhury S, Ryan CJ, Fizazi K, Golsorkhi T, Watkins SP, Simmons A, Loehr A, Venstrom JM, Oxnard GR. Genomic Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA in 3,334 Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer Identifies Targetable BRCA Alterations and AR Resistance Mechanisms. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3094-3105. [PMID: 33558422 PMCID: PMC9295199 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is of increasing value for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). mCRPC tends to metastasize to bone, making tissue biopsies challenging to obtain. We hypothesized CGP of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could offer a minimally invasive alternative to detect targetable genomic alterations (GA) that inform clinical care. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using plasma from 3,334 patients with mCRPC (including 1,674 screening samples from TRITON2/3), we evaluated the landscape of GAs detected in ctDNA and assessed concordance with tissue-based CGP. RESULTS A total of 3,129 patients (94%) had detectable ctDNA with a median ctDNA fraction of 7.5%; BRCA1/2 was mutated in 295 (8.8%). In concordance analysis, 72 of 837 patients had BRCA1/2 mutations detected in tissue, 67 (93%) of which were also identified using ctDNA, including 100% of predicted germline variants. ctDNA harbored some BRCA1/2 alterations not identified by tissue testing, and ctDNA was enriched in therapy resistance alterations, as well as possible clonal hematopoiesis mutations (e.g., in ATM and CHEK2). Potential androgen receptor resistance alterations were detected in 940 of 2,213 patients (42%), including amplifications, polyclonal and compound mutations, rearrangements, and novel deletions in exon 8. CONCLUSIONS Genomic analysis of ctDNA from patients with mCRPC recapitulates the genomic landscape detected in tissue biopsies, with a high level of agreement in detection of BRCA1/2 mutations, but more acquired resistance alterations detected in ctDNA. CGP of ctDNA is a compelling clinical complement to tissue CGP, with reflex to tissue CGP if negative for actionable variants.See related commentary by Hawkey and Armstrong, p. 2961.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon H Chung
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Lucas Dennis
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Lei Zhong
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryon P Graf
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Wassim Abida
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Simon Chowdhury
- Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J Ryan
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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42
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Pacini L, Jenks AD, Lima NC, Huang PH. Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Family in Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1154. [PMID: 34068816 PMCID: PMC8151052 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Genetic alterations, such as amplifications, mutations and translocations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family have been found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) where they have a role in cancer initiation and progression. FGFR aberrations have also been identified as key compensatory bypass mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy against mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in lung cancer. Targeting FGFR is, therefore, of clinical relevance for this cancer type, and several selective and nonselective FGFR inhibitors have been developed in recent years. Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials have largely shown low efficacy of these agents in lung cancer patients with FGFR alterations. Preclinical studies have highlighted the emergence of multiple intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which include on-target FGFR gatekeeper mutations and activation of bypass signalling pathways and alternative receptor tyrosine kinases. Here, we review the landscape of FGFR aberrations in lung cancer and the array of targeted therapies under clinical evaluation. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to FGFR-targeting compounds and therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance. Finally, we highlight our perspectives on the development of new biomarkers for stratification and prediction of FGFR inhibitor response to enable personalisation of treatment in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (L.P.); (A.D.J.); (N.C.L.)
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Cleary JM, Raghavan S, Wu Q, Li YY, Spurr LF, Gupta HV, Rubinson DA, Fetter IJ, Hornick JL, Nowak JA, Siravegna G, Goyal L, Shi L, Brais LK, Loftus M, Shinagare AB, Abrams TA, Clancy TE, Wang J, Patel AK, Brichory F, Vaslin Chessex A, Sullivan RJ, Keller RB, Denning S, Hill ER, Shapiro GI, Pokorska-Bocci A, Zanna C, Ng K, Schrag D, Janne PA, Hahn WC, Cherniack AD, Corcoran RB, Meyerson M, Daina A, Zoete V, Bardeesy N, Wolpin BM. FGFR2 Extracellular Domain In-Frame Deletions are Therapeutically Targetable Genomic Alterations that Function as Oncogenic Drivers in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2488-2505. [PMID: 33926920 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted next generation DNA sequencing on 335 biliary tract cancers and characterized the genomic landscape by anatomic site within the biliary tree. In addition to frequent FGFR2 fusions among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), we identified FGFR2 extracellular domain in-frame deletions (EIDs) in 5 of 178 (2.8%) patients with IHCC, including two patients with FGFR2 p.H167_N173del. Expression of this FGFR2 EID in NIH3T3 cells resulted in constitutive FGFR2 activation, oncogenic transformation, and sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. Three patients with FGFR2 EIDs were treated with Debio 1347, an oral FGFR-1/2/3 inhibitor, and all showed partial responses. One patient developed an acquired L618F FGFR2 kinase domain mutation at disease progression and experienced a further partial response for 17 months to an irreversible FGFR2 inhibitor, futibatinib. Together, these findings reveal FGFR2 EIDs as an alternative mechanism of FGFR2 activation in IHCC that predict sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Liam F Spurr
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hersh V Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Lipika Goyal
- Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lei Shi
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lauren K Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | - Atul B Shinagare
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/ Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Anuj K Patel
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Emma R Hill
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | - Pasi A Janne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
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44
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Hu Y, Peng T, Gao L, Tan K. CytoTalk: De novo construction of signal transduction networks using single-cell transcriptomic data. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/16/eabf1356. [PMID: 33853780 PMCID: PMC8046375 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technology enables study of signal transduction in a complex tissue at unprecedented resolution. We describe CytoTalk for de novo construction of cell type-specific signaling networks using single-cell transcriptomic data. Using an integrated intracellular and intercellular gene network as the input, CytoTalk identifies candidate pathways using the prize-collecting Steiner forest algorithm. Using high-throughput spatial transcriptomic data and single-cell RNA sequencing data with receptor gene perturbation, we demonstrate that CytoTalk has substantial improvement over existing algorithms. To better understand plasticity of signaling networks across tissues and developmental stages, we perform a comparative analysis of signaling networks between macrophages and endothelial cells across human adult and fetal tissues. Our analysis reveals an overall increased plasticity of signaling networks across adult tissues and specific network nodes that contribute to increased plasticity. CytoTalk enables de novo construction of signal transduction pathways and facilitates comparative analysis of these pathways across tissues and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Broit N, Johansson PA, Rodgers CB, Walpole ST, Newell F, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Genomics of Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:991-1004. [PMID: 33707307 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma. To date, there has been no comprehensive systematic collation and statistical analysis of the aberrations and aggregated frequency of driver events across multiple studies. Published studies using whole genome, whole exome, targeted gene panel, or individual gene sequencing were identified. Datasets from these studies were collated to summarize mutations, structural variants, and regions of copy-number alteration. Studies using next-generation sequencing were divided into the "main" cohort (n = 173; fresh-frozen samples), "validation" cohort (n = 48; formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples) and a second "validation" cohort comprised 104 tumors sequenced using a targeted panel. Studies assessing mutations in BRAF, KIT, and NRAS were summarized to assess hotspot mutations. Statistical analysis of the main cohort variant data revealed KIT, NF1, BRAF, NRAS, SF3B1, and SPRED1 as significantly mutated genes. ATRX and SF3B1 mutations occurred more commonly in lower anatomy melanomas and CTNNB1 in the upper anatomy. NF1, PTEN, CDKN2A, SPRED1, ATM, CHEK2, and ARID1B were commonly affected by chromosomal copy loss, while TERT, KIT, BRAF, YAP1, CDK4, CCND1, GAB2, MDM2, SKP2, and MITF were commonly amplified. Further notable genomic alterations occurring at lower frequencies indicated commonality of signaling networks in tumorigenesis, including MAPK, PI3K, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, cell cycle, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance pathways. This analysis identified genomic aberrations that provide some insight to the way in which specific pathways may be disrupted. IMPLICATIONS: Our analysis has shown that mucosal melanomas have a diverse range of genomic alterations in several biological pathways. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/6/991/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chloe B Rodgers
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | | | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
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46
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Krook MA, Reeser JW, Ernst G, Barker H, Wilberding M, Li G, Chen HZ, Roychowdhury S. Fibroblast growth factor receptors in cancer: genetic alterations, diagnostics, therapeutic targets and mechanisms of resistance. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:880-892. [PMID: 33268819 PMCID: PMC7921129 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are aberrantly activated through single-nucleotide variants, gene fusions and copy number amplifications in 5-10% of all human cancers, although this frequency increases to 10-30% in urothelial carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We begin this review by highlighting the diversity of FGFR genomic alterations identified in human cancers and the current challenges associated with the development of clinical-grade molecular diagnostic tests to accurately detect these alterations in the tissue and blood of patients. The past decade has seen significant advancements in the development of FGFR-targeted therapies, which include selective, non-selective and covalent small-molecule inhibitors, as well as monoclonal antibodies against the receptors. We describe the expanding landscape of anti-FGFR therapies that are being assessed in early phase and randomised controlled clinical trials, such as erdafitinib and pemigatinib, which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of FGFR3-mutated urothelial carcinoma and FGFR2-fusion cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. However, despite initial sensitivity to FGFR inhibition, acquired drug resistance leading to cancer progression develops in most patients. This phenomenon underscores the need to clearly delineate tumour-intrinsic and tumour-extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to facilitate the development of second-generation FGFR inhibitors and novel treatment strategies beyond progression on targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Krook
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie W Reeser
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gabrielle Ernst
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Barker
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Max Wilberding
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gary Li
- QED Therapeutics Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hui-Zi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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47
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Daryadel A, Ruiz PA, Gehring N, Stojanovic D, Ugrica M, Bettoni C, Sabrautzki S, Pastor‐Arroyo E, Frey‐Wagner I, Lorenz‐Depiereux B, Strom TM, Angelis MH, Rogler G, Wagner CA, Rubio‐Aliaga I. Systemic Jak1 activation provokes hepatic inflammation and imbalanced FGF23 production and cleavage. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21302. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Daryadel
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gehring
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dragana Stojanovic
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marko Ugrica
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carla Bettoni
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Sabrautzki
- Institute of Experimental Genetics German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Neuherberg85764Germany
| | - Eva‐Maria Pastor‐Arroyo
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey‐Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bettina Lorenz‐Depiereux
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München München Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Neuherberg85764Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik Technische Universität München Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
- Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carsten A. Wagner
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Isabel Rubio‐Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology University of Zurich (UZH), and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH Zurich Switzerland
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48
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Ko J, Meyer AN, Haas M, Donoghue DJ. Characterization of FGFR signaling in prostate cancer stem cells and inhibition via TKI treatment. Oncotarget 2021; 12:22-36. [PMID: 33456711 PMCID: PMC7800776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains uncurable and novel therapies are needed to better treat patients. Aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling has been implicated in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and FGFR1 is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target along with current androgen deprivation therapy. We established a novel in vitro 3D culture system to study endogenous FGFR signaling in a rare subpopulation of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and the induced pluripotent iPS87 cell line. 3D-propagation of PCa cells generated spheroids with increased stemness markers ALDH7A1 and OCT4, while inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 or Dovitinib decreased cell survival and proliferation of 3D spheroids. The 3D spheroids exhibited altered expression of EMT markers associated with metastasis such as E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, compared to 2D monolayer cells. TKI treatment did not result in significant changes of EMT markers, however, specific inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 showed more favorable molecular-level changes than treatment with the multi-RTK inhibitor Dovitinib. This study provides evidence for the first time that FGFR1 plays an essential role in the proliferation of PCa CSCs at a molecular and cellular level, and suggests that TKI targeting of FGFR signaling may be a promising strategy for AR-independent CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Haas
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Activation of Serum/Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1/Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Are Correlated with Low Sensitivity to Bortezomib and Ixazomib in Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010033. [PMID: 33406639 PMCID: PMC7823718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy often associated with primary and acquired resistance to therapeutic agents, such as proteasome inhibitors. However, the mechanisms underlying the proteasome inhibitor resistance are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of primary resistance to bortezomib and ixazomib in the MM cell lines, KMS-20, KMS-26, and KMS-28BM. We find that low bortezomib and ixazomib concentrations induce cell death in KMS-26 and KMS-28BM cells. However, high bortezomib and ixazomib concentrations induce cell death only in KMS-20 cells. During Gene Expression Omnibus analysis, KMS-20 cells exhibit high levels of expression of various genes, including anti-phospho-fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), chemokine receptor type (CCR2), and serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK)1. The SGK1 inhibitor enhances the cytotoxic effects of bortezomib and ixazomib; however, FGFR1 and CCR2 inhibitors do not show such effect in KMS-20 cells. Moreover, SGK1 activation induces the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and an NF-κB inhibitor enhances the sensitivity of KMS-20 cells to bortezomib and ixazomib. Additionally, high levels of expression of SGK1 and NF-κB p65 is associated with a low sensitivity to bortezomib and a poor prognosis in MM patients. These results indicate that the activation of the SGK1/NF-κB pathway correlates with a low sensitivity to bortezomib and ixazomib, and a combination of bortezomib and ixazomib with an SGK1 or NF-κB inhibitor may be involved in the treatment of MM via activation of the SGK1/NF-κB pathway.
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Weaver AN, Francisque F, Bowles DW. Tumor Regression After Treatment With Lenvatinib in FGFR2-Mutated Ameloblastoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:1403-1406. [PMID: 35050789 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice N Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Frantz Francisque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO
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