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Liu C, Fan C, Liu J, Zhang S, Tang H, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wu Q, Zhang J, Qi Z, Shen Y. YOD1 protects against MRSA sepsis-induced DIC through Lys33-linked deubiquitination of NLRP3. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:360. [PMID: 38789414 PMCID: PMC11126606 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is considered to be the most common and lethal complication of sepsis. NLR-family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens, and its deregulation may cause coagulation cascade and should be strictly managed. Here, we identified the deubiquitinase YOD1, which played a vital role in regulating coagulation in a NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner in sepsis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). YOD1 interacted with NLRP3 to remove K33-linked ubiquitination of NLRP3 based on its deubiquitinating enzyme activity and specifically inhibited expression of NLRP3 as well as activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Deficiency of YOD1 expression enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and coagulation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 effectively improved coagulation and alleviated organ injury in Yod1-/- mice infected with MRSA. Thus, our study reported that YOD1 is a key regulator of coagulation during MRSA infection, and provided YOD1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases, especially MRSA sepsis-induced DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Caihong Fan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixin Tang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yashan Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengzheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
- The First Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Tiholov R, Lilov AI, Georgieva G, Palaveev KR, Tashkov K, Mitev V. Effect of increasing doses of colchicine on the treatment of 333 COVID-19 inpatients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1273. [PMID: 38798123 PMCID: PMC11128776 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research done in Bulgaria demonstrated a fivefold reduction in mortality from COVID-19 with increased doses of colchicine from two hospitals in the country. We report here a further 333 cases of COVID-19 inpatients, treated with different doses of colchicine and its effect on mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control comparison from two additional hospitals was conducted between increased doses of colchicine and added bromhexine to standard of care (SOC) versus current SOC. Risk and odds ratio, as well as subgroup analysis, was conducted with newly reported data, alongside aggregate data from all hospital centers to determine the extent of mortality reduction in COVID-19 inpatients. RESULTS There was a clear reduction in the mortality of inpatients with increasing doses of colchicine-between twofold and sevenfold. Colchicine loading doses of 4 mg are more effective than those with 2 mg. Despite these doses being higher than the so-called "standard doses," colchicine inpatients experienced lower mortality than SOC patients (5.7% vs. 19.53%). This mortality benefit was evident in different age subgroups, with a 4-mg loading dose of colchicine proving slightly superior to a 2-mg loading dose. Colchicine led to an overall relative risk reduction of 70.7%, with SOC patients having 3.91 higher odds of death. The safety of the doses was not different than the reported in the summary of product characteristics. CONCLUSION Inpatients in Bulgaria with added colchicine and bromhexine to SOC achieved better clinical and mortality outcomes than those on SOC alone. These results question the World Health Organization-recommended strategy to inhibit viral replication. We posit that our treatment strategy to inhibit the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the cell with inhaled bromhexine and the hyperactivated NLRP3 inflammasome with higher doses of colchicine, prevents the development of cytokine storm. The timing of the initiation of treatment seems critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen Tiholov
- Internal Medicine and Pulmology DepartmentMHAT “Sv Ivan Rilsky”KozloduyBulgaria
| | - Aleksander I. Lilov
- Department of Pneumology and PhthysiatricsSHATPPD “ Sofia district”SofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Kiril R. Palaveev
- Department of Pneumology and PhthysiatricsSHATPPD “ Sofia district”SofiaBulgaria
| | - Konstantin Tashkov
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of PharmacyMedical University—SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineMedical University—SofiaSofiaBulgaria
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Rai P, Marano JM, Kang L, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Daamen AR, Lipsky PE, Weger-Lucarelli J. Obesity fosters severe disease outcomes in a mouse model of coronavirus infection associated with transcriptomic abnormalities. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29587. [PMID: 38587204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for severe outcomes in humans with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases. Here, we established a mouse model of COVID-19 using the murine betacoronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1). C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ mice exposed to MHV-1 developed mild and severe disease, respectively. Obese C57BL/6 mice developed clinical manifestations similar to those of lean controls. In contrast, all obese C3H/HeJ mice succumbed by 8 days postinfection, compared to a 50% mortality rate in lean controls. Notably, both lean and obese C3H/HeJ mice exposed to MHV-1 developed lung lesions consistent with severe human COVID-19, with marked evidence of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). To identify early predictive biomarkers of worsened disease outcomes in obese C3H/HeJ mice, we sequenced RNA from whole blood 2 days postinfection and assessed changes in gene and pathway expression. Many pathways uniquely altered in obese C3H/HeJ mice postinfection aligned with those found in humans with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed altered gene expression related to the unfolded protein response and lipid metabolism in infected obese mice compared to their lean counterparts, suggesting a role in the severity of disease outcomes. This study presents a novel model for studying COVID-19 and elucidating the mechanisms underlying severe disease outcomes in obese and other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marano
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Yang K, Zeng L, He Q, Wang S, Xu H, Ge J. Advancements in research on the immune-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke and the regulatory role of natural plant products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1250918. [PMID: 38601463 PMCID: PMC11004298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1250918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability among adults. Recanalization of blood vessels to facilitate timely reperfusion is the primary clinical approach; however, reperfusion itself may trigger cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Emerging evidence strongly implicates the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target, playing a key role in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aberrant expression and function of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in cerebral ischemia have garnered considerable attention as a recent research focus. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the signaling pathways, pathological mechanisms, and intricate interactions involving NLRP3 inflammasomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, notable progress has been made in investigating the impact of natural plant products (e.g., Proanthocyanidins, methylliensinine, salidroside, α-asarone, acacia, curcumin, morin, ginsenoside Rd, paeoniflorin, breviscapine, sulforaphane, etc.) on regulating cerebral ischemia and reperfusion by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigating the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings aim to present novel insights that could contribute to the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Ji R, Wu Y, Ye Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhong G, Fan W, Feng C, Chen H, Teng X, Wu Y, Xu J. Stimulation of PSTPIP1 to trigger proinflammatory responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26886. [PMID: 38463809 PMCID: PMC10920375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A hyperinflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection gravely worsens the clinical progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the undesirable effects of inflammasome activation have been correlated to the severity of COVID-19, the mechanisms of this process in the asymptomatic infection and disease progression have not yet been clearly elucidated. Methods We performed strand-specific RNA sequencing in 39 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from asymptomatic individuals(n = 10), symptomatic patients(n = 16) and healthy donors(n = 13). Results Dysregulation of pyrin inflammasomes along with the proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) gene was identified in SARS-COV-2 infection. Notably, the PSTPIP1 expression level showed a significant negative correlation with an adjacent long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-797A18.6 in the asymptomatic individuals compared with the healthy controls. In addition, a decline in the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) gene expression was observed in asymptomatic infection, followed by a rise in the mild and moderate disease stages, suggesting that altered NFKB1 expression and associated proinflammatory signals may trigger a disease progression. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that PSTPIP1-dependent pyrin inflammasomes-mediated pyroptosis and NF-κB activation might be potential preventive targets for COVID-19 disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yuhua Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhe Li
- Department of Laboratory Science, West China TianFu Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guojiu Zhong
- Department of Respiratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunli Wu
- Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
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6
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Eltayeb A, Al-Sarraj F, Alharbi M, Albiheyri R, Mattar EH, Abu Zeid IM, Bouback TA, Bamagoos A, Uversky VN, Rubio-Casillas A, Redwan EM. Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: IV. Hypothetical roles of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and its liquid-liquid phase separation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30530. [PMID: 38349116 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
When the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects humans, it leads to a condition called COVID-19 that has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The virus initiates damage by attaching to the ACE-2 protein on the surface of endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and using these cells as hosts for replication. Reactive oxygen species levels are increased during viral replication, which leads to oxidative stress. About three-fifths (~60%) of the people who get infected with the virus eradicate it from their body after 28 days and recover their normal activity. However, a large fraction (~40%) of the people who are infected with the virus suffer from various symptoms (anosmia and/or ageusia, fatigue, cough, myalgia, cognitive impairment, insomnia, dyspnea, and tachycardia) beyond 12 weeks and are diagnosed with a syndrome called long COVID. Long-term clinical studies in a group of people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 have been contrasted with a noninfected matched group of people. A subset of infected people can be distinguished by a set of cytokine markers to have persistent, low-grade inflammation and often self-report two or more bothersome symptoms. No medication can alleviate their symptoms efficiently. Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins have been investigated extensively as potential drug targets due to their key roles in virus replication, among which is their ability to bind their respective genomic RNAs for incorporation into emerging virions. This review highlights basic studies of the nucleocapsid protein and its ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. We hypothesize that this ability of the nucleocapsid protein for phase separation may contribute to long COVID. This hypothesis unlocks new investigation angles and could potentially open novel avenues for a better understanding of long COVID and treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltayeb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab H Mattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam M Abu Zeid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Bouback
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico
- Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Jiao Y, Zhou L, Li H, Zhu H, Chen D, Lu Y. A novel flavonol-polysaccharide from Tamarix chinensis alleviates influenza A virus-induced acute lung injury. Evidences for its mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155364. [PMID: 38241919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamarix chinensis Lour. is a Chinese medicine used for treating inflammation-related diseases and its crude polysaccharides (MBAP90) exhibited significant anticomplement activities in vitro. PURPOSE To obtain anticomplement homogenous polysaccharides from MBAP90 and explore its therapeutic effects and potential mechanism on influenza A virus (IAV)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the water-soluble crude polysaccharides from the leaves and twigs of T. chinensis were performed by diethylaminoethyl-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose and gel permeation columns to yield a homogeneous polysaccharide MBAP-5, which was further characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-IT-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In vitro, the anticomplement activity of MBAP-5 through classical pathway was measured using a hemolytic test. The therapeutic effects of MBAP-5 on ALI were evaluated in H1N1-infected mice. H&E staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and western blot were used to systematically access lung histomorphology, inflammatory cytokines, degree of complement component 3c, 5aR, and 5b-9 (C3c, C5aR, and C5b-9) deposition, and inflammasome signaling pathway protein expressions in lung tissues. RESULTS MBAP-5 was a novel flavonol-polysaccharide with the molecular weight (Mw) of 153.6 kDa. Its structure was characterized to process a backbone of →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, as well as branches of α-L-Araf-(1→ and β-D-Galp-(1→. Particularly, O-3 of →3,4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ was substituted by quercetin. In vitro assay showed that MBAP-5 had a potent anticomplement activity with a CH50 value of 102 ± 4 µg/ml. Oral administration of MBAP-5 (50 and 100 mg/kg) effectively attenuated the H1N1-induced pulmonary injury in vivo by reducing pulmonary edema, virus replication, and inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, MBAP-5 inhibited the striking deposition and contents of complement activation products (C3c, C5aR, and C5b-9) in the lung. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) /transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was constrained by MBAP-5 treatment. In addition, MBAP-5 could suppress activation of the inflammasome pathways, including Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/12 (caspase-1/12), apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein (ASC), gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 expressions. CONCLUSIONS A novel flavonol-polysaccharide MBAP-5 isolated from T. chinensis demonstrated a therapeutic effect against ALI induced by IAV attack. The mechanism might be associated with inhibition of complement system and inflammasome pathways activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Jiao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu MH, Lin XL, Xiao LL. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein promotes TMAO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102276. [PMID: 37979395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) activation and cytokine level were significantly increased in coronavirus disease-19. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an amplifier for cellular inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the modulatory effect of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2 NP) on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our data indicated that SARS-CoV-2 NP activates the dissociation of the SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) from the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in SREBP activation, increased lipogenic gene expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. TMAO was applied to VSMC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting the SCAP-SREBP complex endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi translocation, which facilitates directly binding of SARS-CoV-2 NP to the NLRP3 protein for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified the TMAO-induced lipogenic gene expression and NLRP3 inflammasome. Knockdown of SCAP-SREBP2 can effectively reduce lipogenic gene expression and alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation in VSMCs stimulated with TMAO and SARS-CoV-2 NP. These results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified TMAO-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via priming the SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Hui Zhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong 516002, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tiemi Enokida Mori M, Name Colado Simão A, Danelli T, Rangel Oliveira S, Luis Candido de Souza Cassela P, Lerner Trigo G, Morais Cardoso K, Mestre Tejo A, Naomi Tano Z, Regina Delicato de Almeida E, Maria Vissoci Reiche E, Maes M, Alysson Batisti Lozovoy M. Protective effects of IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > Ggenetic variants on severity of COVID-19. Cytokine 2024; 174:156476. [PMID: 38128426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN A cross-sectional study evaluated the IL18-105G > A (rs360717) and IL18-137C > G (rs187238) variants on Coronavírus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 528 patients with COVID-19 classifed with mild (n = 157), moderate (n = 63) and critical (n = 308) disease were genotpyed for the IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > G variants. RESULTS We observed associations between severe + critical COVID-19 groups (reference group was mild COVID-19) and the IL18-105G > A (p = 0.008) and IL18-137C > G (p = 0.01) variants, which remained significant after adjusting for sex, ethnicity and age. Consequently, we have examined the associations between moderate + critical COVID-19 and the genotypes of both variants using different genetic models. The IL18-105G > A was associated with severe disease (moderate + critical), with effects of the GA genotype in the codominant [Odds ratio (OR), (95 % confidence interval) 0.55, 0.34-0.89, p = 0.015], overdominant (0.56, 0.35-0.89, p = 0.014) and dominant (0.60, 0.38-0.96, p = 0.031) models. IL18-105 GA coupled with age, chest computed tomograhy scan anormalities, body mass index, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and inflammation may be used to predict the patients who develop severe disease with an accuracy of 84.3 % (sensitivity: 83.3 % and specificity: 86.5 %). Therefore, the presence of the IL18-105 A allele in homozygosis or heterozygosis conferred about 44.0 % of protection in the development of moderate and severe COVID-19. The IL18-137C > G variant was also associated with protective effects in the codominant (0.55, 0.34-0.89, p = 0.015), overdominant (0.57, 0.36-0.91, p = 0.018), and dominant models (0.59, 0.37-0.93, p = 0.025). Therefore, the IL18-137 G allele showed a protective effect against COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSION The IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > Gvariants may contribute with protective effects for COVID-19 severity and the effects of IL18-137C > G may be modulating IL-18 production and Th1-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Danelli
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Rangel Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lerner Trigo
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kauê Morais Cardoso
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Zuleica Naomi Tano
- Depertment of Medical Clinic, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Postgraduate Program of Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Lodrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Medicine, Campus Londrina, Lonidrna, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Chu FX, Wang X, Li B, Xu LL, Di B. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:227-242. [PMID: 38191853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital player in the emergence of inflammation. The priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major trigger for inflammation which is a defense response against adverse stimuli. However, the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the development of various inflammatory diseases. Cannabidiol, as the second-most abundant component in cannabis, has a variety of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammation. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol has a lower affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which may be the reason why it is not psychoactive. Notably, the mechanism by which cannabidiol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is still unclear. METHODS We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the NLRP3 inflammasome and cannabidiol in inflammation from central databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarize the composition and activation process of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Then, we list possible molecular mechanisms of action of cannabidiol. Next, we explain the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in inflammatory disorders. Finally, we emphasize the capacity of cannabidiol to suppress inflammation by blocking the NLRP3 signaling pathway, which indicates that cannabidiol is a quite promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xin Chu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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11
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Liu J, Zhou J, Luan Y, Li X, Meng X, Liao W, Tang J, Wang Z. cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis: an overview of crosstalk mechanism of activation and regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:22. [PMID: 38195584 PMCID: PMC10775518 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular DNA-sensing pathway cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis act as critical natural immune signaling axes for microbial infection, chronic inflammation, cancer progression and organ degeneration, but the mechanism and regulation of the crosstalk network remain unclear. Cellular stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, facilitates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the leakage of mitochondrial DNA to cell membrane, triggers inflammatory responses by activating cGAS-STING signaling, and subsequently induces inflammasomes activation and the onset of pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the inflammasome-associated protein caspase-1, Gasdermin D, the CARD domain of ASC and the potassium channel are involved in regulating cGAS-STING pathway. Importantly, this crosstalk network has a cascade amplification effect that exacerbates the immuno-inflammatory response, worsening the pathological process of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Given the importance of this crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the regulation of innate immunity, it is emerging as a new avenue to explore the mechanisms of multiple disease pathogenesis. Therefore, efforts to define strategies to selectively modulate cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in different disease settings have been or are ongoing. In this review, we will describe how this mechanistic understanding is driving possible therapeutics targeting this crosstalk network, focusing on the interacting or regulatory proteins, pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub between cGAS-STING, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. SHORT CONCLUSION This review aims to provide insight into the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of the crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis, and to highlight some promising directions for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315099, China
| | - Yuling Luan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Zheilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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12
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Yue Z, Zhang X, Gu Y, Liu Y, Lan LM, Liu Y, Li Y, Yang G, Wan P, Chen X. Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1309128. [PMID: 38249297 PMCID: PMC10796458 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1309128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is one of the greatest threats to human life and health. In response to viral infection, the host's innate immune system triggers an antiviral immune response mostly mediated by inflammatory processes. Among the many pathways involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has received wide attention in the context of viral infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor composed of three components, including the innate immune receptor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and the cysteine protease caspase-1. After being assembled, the NLRP3 inflammasome can trigger caspase-1 to induce gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis, promoting the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Recent studies have revealed that a variety of viruses activate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome via viral particles, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this review, we present a variety of regulatory mechanisms and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon RNA viral infection and demonstrate multiple therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome for anti-inflammatory effects in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yue
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Miaoshen Lan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Zheng XQ, Li Z, Meng QQ, Li W, Li QL, Xie L, Xiao Y, Xu QY, Chen YY. Treponema pallidum recombinant protein Tp47 activates NOD-like receptor family protein 3 inflammasomes in macrophages via glycolysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111204. [PMID: 38016343 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a key pathway in cellular glucose metabolism for energy supply and regulates immune cell activation. Whether glycolysis is involved in the activation of NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes during Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection is unclear. In this study, the effect of T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rabbit peritoneal macrophages was analysed and the role of glycolysis in NLRP3 inflammasome activation was explored. The results showed that Tp47 promoted NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA expression in macrophages, enhanced glycolysis and glycolytic capacity of macrophage, and promoted the production of macrophage glycolytic metabolites citrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and lactate. The M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2) inhibitor shikonin down-regulated the Tp47-promoted NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA expression in macrophages, and suppressed the Tp47-enhanced glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Similarly, si-PKM2 significantly inhibited Tp47-promoted NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA expression and the Tp47-enhanced glycolysis and glycolytic capacity in macrophages. In conclusion, Tp47 activated NLRP3 inflammasomes via PKM2-dependent glycolysis and provided a new perspective on the effect of T. pallidum infection on host macrophages, which would contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism and host immune mechanism of T. pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Ze Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Qing-Qi Meng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Department of Hospital Infection Management, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Yu-Yan Chen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
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Fares K, El-Deeb MK, Elsammak O, Ouf A, Saeed HMS, Baess A, Elsammak M, El-Attar E. SNP (A > G - rs13057211) but not GT(n) polymorphism in HMOX-1 promotor gene is associated with COVID-19 mortality. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:514. [PMID: 38129860 PMCID: PMC10734135 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 causes severe inflammatory respiratory distress syndrome. The global pandemic caused millions of cases of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients may present with variable symptoms including dyspnea, fever, and GIT manifestations. The HMOX-1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 12.3. HMOX-1 is expressed in all mammalian tissues at basal levels and is considered as a stress response enzyme. HMOX-1 has a specific polymorphic site with variable GT(n) repeats at the promotor region. Several authors evaluated the HMOX-1 GT(n) promoter polymorphism in different inflammatory conditions. We evaluated HMOX-1 promoter polymorphism in relation to serum Hemoxygenase level and inflammatory makers (CRP, Ferritin, PCT, IL-6 and D-dimer) in patients affected by SARS-COV-2 disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety patients confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 were followed up till the study end point (recovery and discharge or death). HMOX-1 promotor GT(n) polymorphism was evaluated using Sanger sequencing. HMOX-1 enzyme serum level was measured by ELISA and the level of different inflammatory markers was assessed by available commercial kits. RESULTS A novel Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A > G) - rs13057211 in the GT(n) region of HMOX-1 promoter gene was found in 40 (61.5%) COVID-19 patients out of the studied 65 patients. This (A > G) SNP was associated with higher mortality rate in COVID-19 as it was detected in 27 patients (75% of the patients who succumbed to the disease) (p = 0.021, Odds ratio = 3.7; 95% CI:1.29-10.56). Serum IL-6 (Interleuken-6) was positively correlated the length of Hospital Stay (LOHS) and procalcitonin (PCT); (p = 0.014, r: 0.651 and p < 0.001, r:0.997) respectively while negatively correlated with levels of HMOX-1 enzyme serum level (p = 0.013, r: -0.61). CRP correlated positively with LOHS (p = 0.021, r = 0.4), PCT (p = 0.044, r = 0.425) and age (p < 0.001, r = 0.685). Higher levels of D-Dimer and PCT were observed in patients with the long repeat. There was no significant difference between patients who recovered and those who died from COVID-19 as regards HMOX-1 level and GT(n) polymorphism. CONCLUSION We report a novel SNP (A > G, rs13057211) in the GT(n) region of HMOX-1 promoter gene that was associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients, however no significant difference was found in HMOX-1 serum level or HMOX-1 (GT)n repeats within the studied groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerolos Fares
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona K El-Deeb
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Elsammak
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amged Ouf
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering (SSE), The American University in Cairo (AUC), New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Mahmoud Sayd Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Baess
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsammak
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman El-Attar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ghafouri E, Bigdeli M, Khalafiyan A, Amirkhani Z, Ghanbari R, Hasan A, Khanahmad H, Boshtam M, Makvandi P. Unmasking the complex roles of hypocalcemia in cancer, COVID-19, and sepsis: Engineered nanodelivery and diagnosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116979. [PMID: 37660871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for maintaining physiological processes in the body. Disruptions in Ca2+ signaling can lead to various pathological conditions including inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence. Hypocalcemia, a common symptom in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cancer, septic shock, and COVID-19, can have both potential protective and detrimental effects. This article explores the multifaceted role of Ca2+ dysregulation in inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence, contributing to disease severity. Targeting Ca2+ signaling pathways may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutics for age-related diseases and combat viral infections. However, the role of Ca2+ in viral infections is complex, and evidence suggests that hypocalcemia may have a protective effect against certain viruses, while changes in Ca2+ homeostasis can influence susceptibility to viral infections. The effectiveness and safety of Ca2+ supplements in COVID-19 patients remain a subject of ongoing research and debate. Further investigations are needed to understand the intricate interplay between Ca2+ signaling and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghafouri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Anis Khalafiyan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohre Amirkhani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roham Ghanbari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK.
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Yan R, Liang X, Hu J. miR-141-3p alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting SUGT1 to inhibit colonic epithelial cell pyroptosis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2220988. [PMID: 37317573 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2220988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the colon that result in the destruction and inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Current research has established a strong correlation between pyroptosis of colonic epithelial cells and the onset and progression of UC. In addition, miRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of UC and pyroptosis. This aimed of this study was to identify specific miRNAs that could inhibit pyroptosis in colon epithelial cells and alleviate UC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in FHC normal colonic epithelial cells to construct an enteritis cell model and downregulated expression levels of miRNAs were detected in inflammatory bowel disease mucosal tissue model. Pyroptosis indicators were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, ELISA, qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence, and miRNA target genes were predicted by miRDB, TargetScan, pyroptosis pathway from KEGG, and double luciferase assay was used for verification. The effect of miR-141-3p on colitis was observed in the mouse DSS colitis model. The results showed that miR-141-3p was the most significantly downregulated miRNA in LPS-induced FHC cells, and promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced FHC cells and suppressed their apoptosis. In addition, miR-141-3p decreased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, caspase-1, N-GSDMD, and the other proteins, as well as the release of IL-18 and IL-1β inflammatory factors. Conversely, the miR-141-3p inhibitor promoted LPS-induced FHC pyroptosis. Dual luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-141-3p could target the HSP90 molecular chaperone SUGT1. Further experiments demonstrated that SUGT1 overexpression could restore the inhibitory effect of miR-141-3p on pyroptosis, while SUGT1 knockdown could alleviate the promotion of pyroptosis induced by miR-141-3p inhibitor. Furthermore, miR-141-3p alleviated the inflammatory phenotype of mouse colonic mucosa in the mouse DSS colitis model. Therefore, miR-141-3p inhibits LPS-induced pyroptosis of colonic epithelial cells by targeting SUGT1. miR-141-3p could also alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, suggesting that miR-141-3p may become a nucleic acid drug for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
| | - Xinghua Liang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
| | - Juan Hu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
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17
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Li N, Zhang R, Tang M, Zhao M, Jiang X, Cai X, Ye N, Su K, Peng J, Zhang X, Wu W, Ye H. Recent Progress and Prospects of Small Molecules for NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14447-14473. [PMID: 37879043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in host immune response─which exerts various biological effects by mediating the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18─and pyroptosis. However, its aberrant activation could cause amplification of inflammatory effects, thereby triggering a range of ailments, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. For the past few years, as an attractive anti-inflammatory target, NLRP3-targeting small-molecule inhibitors have been widely reported by both the academic and the industrial communities. In order to deeply understand the advancement of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, we provide comprehensive insights and commentary on drugs currently under clinical investigation, as well as other NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors from a chemical structure point of view, with an aim to provide new insights for the further development of clinical drugs for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Neng Ye
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyue Su
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Tan J, Zhuo Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Lin F. Secretome of EMSCs neutralizes LPS‑induced acute lung injury via aerosol administration. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:104. [PMID: 37772372 PMCID: PMC10558219 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are cells harvested from the stem cell niche (nasal mucosa) with high therapeutic potential. To the best of our knowledge, however, the anti‑inflammatory properties of these neural crest‑derived EMSCs have been rarely reported. The present study aimed to explore the effects of aerosolized EMSC‑Secretome (EMSC‑Sec) and clarify underlying mechanisms in treating acute lung injury (ALI). EMSCs were isolated by adherent method and identified by immunofluorescence staining. EMSC‑Sec was collected and evaluated using western blotting, BCA and ELISA tests. Then, mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE‑12) were used to mimic inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After developing an ALI model through intraperitoneal injection of LPS, mice were treated with an EMSC‑Sec spray. The lung in each group underwent an observation and measurement to preliminarily assess the extent of damage. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence and western‑blotting were utilized to further access the impacts of EMSC‑Sec. The results showed that EMSC‑Sec had great anti‑inflammatory potential and was highly successful in vitro and in vivo. EMSC‑Sec mitigated LPS‑induced ALI with low inflammatory cell inflation and mild damage. EMSC‑Sec could regulate inflammation via the NF‑κB(p50/p65)/NLRP3 pathway. Overall, the present study demonstrated that EMSC‑Sec regulated inflammation, hoping to provide a novel strategy for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tan
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Ziliang Zhuo
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yanshuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Qian
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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19
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Lécuyer D, Nardacci R, Tannous D, Gutierrez-Mateyron E, Deva Nathan A, Subra F, Di Primio C, Quaranta P, Petit V, Richetta C, Mostefa-Kara A, Del Nonno F, Falasca L, Marlin R, Maisonnasse P, Delahousse J, Pascaud J, Deprez E, Naigeon M, Chaput N, Paci A, Saada V, Ghez D, Mariette X, Costa M, Pistello M, Allouch A, Delelis O, Piacentini M, Le Grand R, Perfettini JL. The purinergic receptor P2X7 and the NLRP3 inflammasome are druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270081. [PMID: 37920468 PMCID: PMC10619763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulate inflammation and viral infection, but their effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the purinergic receptor P2X7 and NLRP3 inflammasome are cellular host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung autopsies from patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveal that NLRP3 expression is increased in host cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 including alveolar macrophages, type II pneumocytes and syncytia arising from the fusion of infected macrophages, thus suggesting a potential role of NLRP3 and associated signaling pathways to both inflammation and viral replication. In vitro studies demonstrate that NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation is detected upon macrophage abortive infection. More importantly, a weak activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also detected during the early steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells and promotes the viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, the purinergic receptor P2X7, which is known to control NLRP3 inflammasome activation, also favors the replication of D614G and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected relationship between the purinergic receptor P2X7, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection that offers novel opportunities for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Lécuyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Désirée Tannous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Emie Gutierrez-Mateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélia Deva Nathan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Subra
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristina Di Primio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1274, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ali Mostefa-Kara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julia Delahousse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, CNRS, Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Villejuif, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Saada
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - David Ghez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Pisano Ricerca e Implementazione Clinical Flash Radiotherapy "CPFR@CISUP", "S. Chiara" Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Virology Operative Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
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20
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Vallese A, Cordone V, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Ox-inflammasome involvement in neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:161-177. [PMID: 37442280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the onset and the progression of several neuropathologies, from neurodegenerative disorders to migraine, from Rett syndrome to post-COVID 19 neurological manifestations. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes of the innate immune system that fuel inflammation. They have been under study for the last twenty years and more recently their involvement in neuro-related conditions has been of great interest as possible therapeutic target. The role of oxidative stress in inflammasome activation has been described, however the exact way of action of specific endogenous and exogenous oxidants needs to be better clarified. In this review, we provide the current knowledge on the involvement of inflammasome in the main neuropathologies, emphasizing the importance to further clarify the role of oxidative stress in its activation including the role of mitochondria in inflammasome-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vallese
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 28081, Kannapolis, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Santoro L, Zaccone V, Falsetti L, Ruggieri V, Danese M, Miro C, Di Giorgio A, Nesci A, D’Alessandro A, Moroncini G, Santoliquido A. Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2239. [PMID: 37626735 PMCID: PMC10452509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global action against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, shed light on endothelial dysfunction. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the pulmonary system, multiple studies have documented pan-vascular involvement in COVID-19. The virus is able to penetrate the endothelial barrier, damaging it directly or indirectly and causing endotheliitis and multi-organ injury. Several mechanisms cooperate to development of endothelial dysfunction, including endothelial cell injury and pyroptosis, hyperinflammation and cytokine storm syndrome, oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis. After acute-phase infection, some patients reported signs and symptoms of a systemic disorder known as long COVID, in which a broad range of cardiovascular (CV) disorders emerged. To date, the exact pathophysiology of long COVID remains unclear: in addition to the persistence of acute-phase infection mechanisms, specific pathways of CV damage have been postulated, such as persistent viral reservoirs in the heart or an autoimmune response to cardiac antigens through molecular mimicry. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main molecular patterns of enduring endothelial activation following SARS-CoV-2 infection and to offer the latest summary of CV complications in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santoro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Zaccone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Danese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Miro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Nesci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessia D’Alessandro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.D.G.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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22
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Chen M, He Y, Hu X, Dong X, Yan Z, Zhao Q, Li J, Xiang D, Lin Y, Song H, Bian X. Vitamin D3 attenuates SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-caused hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the VDR-BRCC3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e318. [PMID: 37361896 PMCID: PMC10285036 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis with no satisfactory therapies. Vitamin D3 (VD3) is considered a potential candidate for COVID-19 treatment; however, little information is available regarding the exact effects of VD3 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and the underlying mechanism. Herein, we confirmed that VD3 reduced SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein-caused hyperinflammation in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Meanwhile, VD3 inhibited the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in N protein-overexpressed HBE (HBE-N) cells. Notably, the inhibitors of caspase-1, NLRP3, and NLRP3 or caspase-1 small interference RNA (siRNA) enhanced VD3-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation, with subsequent suppression of interleukin-6 (IL6) and IL1β release in HBE-N cells, which were abolished by the NLRP3 agonist. Moreover, VD3 increased NLRP3 ubiquitination (Ub-NLRP3) expression and the binding of the VDR with NLRP3, with decreased BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) expression and NLRP3-BRCC3 association. VD3-induced Ub-NLRP3 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation, and hyperinflammation inhibition were improved by the BRCC3 inhibitor or BRCC3 siRNA, which were attenuated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonist or VDR siRNA in HBE-N cells. Finally, the results of the in vivo study in AAV-Lung-enhanced green fluorescent protein-N-infected lungs were consistent with the findings of the in vitro experiment. In conclusion, VD3 attenuated N protein-caused hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome partially through the VDR-BRCC3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of ToxicologySchool of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying He
- Department of UltrasoundXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Department of Health Supervision and SurveillanceChinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Xunhu Dong
- Institute of ToxicologySchool of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zexuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qingning Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongfang Xiang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongbin Song
- Department of Health Supervision and SurveillanceChinese PLA Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CentreSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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23
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Wu N, Zheng C, Xu J, Ma S, Jia H, Yan M, An F, Zhou Y, Qi J, Bian H. Race between virus and inflammasomes: inhibition or escape, intervention and therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1173505. [PMID: 37465759 PMCID: PMC10351387 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1173505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that further regulates cell pyroptosis and inflammation by activating caspase-1. The assembly and activation of inflammasome are associated with a variety of diseases. Accumulative studies have shown that inflammasome is a key modulator of the host's defense response to viral infection. Indeed, it has been established that activation of inflammasome occurs during viral infection. At the same time, the host has evolved a variety of corresponding mechanisms to inhibit unnecessary inflammasome activation. Therefore, here, we review and summarize the latest research progress on the interaction between inflammosomes and viruses, highlight the assembly and activation of inflammosome in related cells after viral infection, as well as the corresponding molecular regulatory mechanisms, and elucidate the effects of this activation on virus immune escape and host innate and adaptive immune defenses. Finally, we also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or ameliorate viral infection-related diseases via targeting inflammasomes and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunzhi Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases and Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meizhu Yan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang An
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Diarimalala RO, Wei Y, Hu D, Hu K. Inflammasomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of their corresponding inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218039. [PMID: 37360532 PMCID: PMC10288989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a burden for human health since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Recently, the emergence of new variants of concerns (VOCs) is challenging for vaccines and drugs efficiency. In severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 provokes inappropriate hyperinflammatory immune responses leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. This process is regulated by inflammasomes which are activated after binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and triggers innate immune responses. Therefore, the formation of "cytokines storm" leads to tissue damage and organ failure. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best studied inflammasome known to be activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, some studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with other inflammasomes as well; such as NLRP1, absent in melanoma-2 (AIM-2), caspase-4 and -8 which were mostly found during dsRNA virus or bacteria infection. Multiple inflammasome inhibitors that exist for other non-infectious diseases have the potential to be used to treat severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. Some of them have showed quite encouraging results during pre- and clinical trials. Nevertheless, further studies are in need for the understanding and targeting of SARS-Cov-2-induced inflammasomes; mostly an update of its role during the new VOCs infection is necessary. Hence, this review highlights all reported inflammasomes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential inhibitors including NLRP3- and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-inhibitors. Further strategies such as immunomodulators and siRNA are also discussed. As highly related to COVID-19 severe cases, developing inflammasome inhibitors holds a promise to treat severe COVID-19 syndrome effectively and reduce mortality.
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25
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Bolesławska I, Kowalówka M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies as Clinical Support for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:1262. [PMID: 37376562 PMCID: PMC10326824 DOI: 10.3390/v15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed nutritional therapies to support drug therapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarized the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and looked at the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing the metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide an alternative carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and resulted in better survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies may be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite the fact that numerous studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone may induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyta 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
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26
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Xu J, Zhou Z, Zheng Y, Yang S, Huang K, Li H. Roles of inflammasomes in viral myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149911. [PMID: 37256114 PMCID: PMC10225676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC), characterized by viral infection-induced inflammation, is a life-threatening disease associated with dilated cardiomyopathy or heart failure. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammation, in which inflammasomes provide a platform for the secretion of cytokines and mediate pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are rising stars gaining increasing attention. The nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) inflammasome, and the caspase-11 inflammasome are three inflammasomes that were reported to affect the process and prognosis of VMC. These inflammasomes can be activated by a wide range of cellular events. Accumulating evidence has suggested that inflammasomes are involved in different stages of VMC, including the trigger and progression of myocardial injury and remodeling after infection. In this review, we summarized the pathways involving inflammasomes in VMC and discussed the potential therapies targeting inflammasomes and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Wang M, Yu F, Chang W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li P. Inflammasomes: a rising star on the horizon of COVID-19 pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185233. [PMID: 37251383 PMCID: PMC10213254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious respiratory virus that is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has posed a serious threat to public health. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild cold-like symptoms, severe pneumonia or even death. Inflammasomes are supramolecular signaling platforms that assemble in response to danger or microbial signals. Upon activation, inflammasomes mediate innate immune defense by favoring the release of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering pyroptotic cell death. Nevertheless, abnormalities in inflammasome functioning can result in a variety of human diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. A growing body of evidence has showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce inflammasome assembly. Dysregulated inflammasome activation and consequent cytokine burst have been associated with COVID-19 severity, alluding to the implication of inflammasomes in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Accordingly, an improved understanding of inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cascades in COVID-19 is essential to uncover the immunological mechanisms of COVID-19 pathology and identify effective therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and inflammasomes and the contribution of activated inflammasomes to COVID-19 progression. We dissect the mechanisms involving the inflammasome machinery in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. In addition, we provide an overview of inflammasome-targeted therapies or antagonists that have potential clinical utility in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Peifeng Li,
| | | | | | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Peifeng Li,
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28
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Shen J, Fan J, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Niu Z, Zhang Z, Cao G. Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159326. [PMID: 37228604 PMCID: PMC10203583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has affected all countries worldwide. Although some symptoms are relatively mild, others are still associated with severe and even fatal clinical outcomes. Innate and adaptive immunity are important for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas a comprehensive characterization of the innate and adaptive immune response to COVID-19 is still lacking and the mechanisms underlying immune pathogenesis and host predisposing factors are still a matter of scientific debate. Here, the specific functions and kinetics of innate and adaptive immunity involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and resultant pathogenesis are discussed, as well as their immune memory for vaccinations, viral-mediated immune evasion, and the current and future immunotherapeutic agents. We also highlight host factors that contribute to infection, which may deepen the understanding of viral pathogenesis and help identify targeted therapies that attenuate severe disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Shen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Doming Jiang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyun Niu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Hosseini E, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Bazrafkan M, Amorim CA, Askari M, Zakeri A, Mousavi SN, Kafaeinezhad R, Afradiasbagharani P, Esfandyari S, Nazari M. Rescuing fertility during COVID-19 infection: exploring potential pharmacological and natural therapeutic approaches for comorbidity, by focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome mechanism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1173-1185. [PMID: 36892705 PMCID: PMC9995769 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system was primarily considered the only organ affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the pandemic continues, there is an increasing concern from the scientific community about the future effects of the virus on male and female reproductive organs, infertility, and, most significantly, its impact on the future generation. The general presumption is that if the primary clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are not controlled, we will face several challenges, including compromised infertility, infection-exposed cryopreserved germ cells or embryos, and health complications in future generations, likely connected to the COVID-19 infections of parents and ancestors. In this review article, we dedicatedly studied severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virology, its receptors, and the effect of the virus to induce the activation of inflammasome as the main arm of the innate immune response. Among inflammasomes, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway activation is partly responsible for the inflicted damages in both COVID-19 infection and some reproductive disorders, so the main focus of the discussion is on NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection alongside in the reproductive biology. In addition, the potential effects of the virus on male and female gonad functions were discussed, and we further explored the potential natural and pharmacological therapeutic approaches for comorbidity via NLRP3 inflammasome neutralization to develop a hypothesis for averting the long-term repercussions of COVID-19. Since activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to the damage caused by COVID-19 infection and some reproductive disorders, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have a great potential to be considered candidates for alleviating the pathological effects of the COVID-19 infection on the germ cells and reproductive tissues. This would impede the subsequent massive wave of infertility that may threaten the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Mahshid Bazrafkan
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Askari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Zakeri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Kafaeinezhad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Fernandes de Souza WD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Ayupe MC, Salgado CL, Oliveira BDC, Moreira F, da Silva GW, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Proença-Módena JL, Araujo Junior JP, Fonseca DMD, Sartori A. Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 Female Mice Is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071092. [PMID: 37048165 PMCID: PMC10093523 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whose peak occurred in the years 2020 and 2021. The main target of this virus is the lung, and the infection is associated with an accentuated inflammatory process involving mainly the innate arm of the immune system. Here, we described the induction of a pulmonary inflammatory process triggered by the intranasal (IN) instillation of UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 female mice, and then the evaluation of the ability of vitamin D (VitD) to control this process. The assays used to estimate the severity of lung involvement included the total and differential number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological analysis, quantification of T cell subsets, and inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR, cytokine quantification in lung homogenates, and flow cytometric analysis of cells recovered from lung parenchyma. The IN instillation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 triggered a pulmonary inflammatory process, consisting of various cell types and mediators, resembling the typical inflammation found in transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. This inflammatory process was significantly decreased by the IN delivery of VitD, but not by its IP administration, suggesting that this hormone could have a therapeutic potential in COVID-19 if locally applied. To our knowledge, the local delivery of VitD to downmodulate lung inflammation in COVID-19 is an original proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly Moreira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme William da Silva
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Joao Pessoa Araujo Junior
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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31
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Mondeshki T, Bilyukov R, Mitev V. Effect of an Accidental Colchicine Overdose in a COVID-19 Inpatient With Bilateral Pneumonia and Pericardial Effusion. Cureus 2023; 15:e35909. [PMID: 37038575 PMCID: PMC10082222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A 32-year-old patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and pericardial effusion mistakenly took 15 mg of colchicine over 10 hours. He developed diarrhea that resolved two days after colchicine was stopped. Remarkably, this single overdose of colchicine, without any additional therapy, resulted in the complete recovery of bilateral pneumonia and pericardial effusion, and the patient was discharged on the hospital day 9th. This case demonstrates the possibility that high colchicine doses may have a major role and a dramatic effect in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Mondeshki
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, BGR
| | - Radoslav Bilyukov
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, BGR
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, BGR
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32
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Liu Z, Han Z, Jin X, An J, Kim J, Chen W, Kim JS, Zheng J, Deng J. Regulating the microenvironment with nanomaterials: Potential strategies to ameliorate COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:S2211-3835(23)00054-0. [PMID: 36846153 PMCID: PMC9941074 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in serious economic and health burdens. Current treatments remain inadequate to extinguish the epidemic, and efficient therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are urgently being sought. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that microenvironmental disorder plays an important role in the progression of COVID-19 in patients. In addition, recent advances in nanomaterial technologies provide promising opportunities for alleviating the altered homeostasis induced by a viral infection, providing new insight into COVID-19 treatment. Most literature reviews focus only on certain aspects of microenvironment alterations and fail to provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. To fill this gap, this review systematically discusses alterations of homeostasis in COVID-19 patients and potential mechanisms. Next, advances in nanotechnology-based strategies for promoting homeostasis restoration are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of using nanomaterials for COVID-19 management. This review provides a new strategy and insights into treating COVID-19 and other diseases associated with microenvironment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
- Department of Urology, Urological Surgery Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhuolei Han
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jusung An
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Army Medical Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
- Department of Urology, Urological Surgery Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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33
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Sun H, Chan JFW, Yuan S. Cellular Sensors and Viral Countermeasures: A Molecular Arms Race between Host and SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:352. [PMID: 36851564 PMCID: PMC9962416 DOI: 10.3390/v15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused disastrous effects on the society and human health globally. SARS-CoV-2 is a sarbecovirus in the Coronaviridae family with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. It mainly replicates in the cytoplasm and viral components including RNAs and proteins can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) that regulate the host innate and adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes multiple proteins that can antagonize the host immune response to facilitate viral replication. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on host sensors and viral countermeasures against host innate immune response to provide insights on virus-host interactions and novel approaches to modulate host inflammation and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
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Tirelli C, De Amici M, Albrici C, Mira S, Nalesso G, Re B, Corsico AG, Mondoni M, Centanni S. Exploring the Role of Immune System and Inflammatory Cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Lung Disease: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020177. [PMID: 36829456 PMCID: PMC9953200 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 can manifest with a heterogenous spectrum of disease severity, from mild upper airways infection to severe interstitial pneumonia and devastating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce an over activation of the immune system and the release of high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to a "cytokine storm", a recognized pathogenetic mechanism in the genesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung disease. This overproduction of inflammatory cytokines has been recognized as a poor prognostic factor, since it can lead to disease progression, organ failure, ARDS and death. Moreover, the immune system shows dysregulated activity, particularly through activated macrophages and T-helper cells and in the co-occurrent exhaustion of lymphocytes. We carried out a non-systematic literature review aimed at providing an overview of the current knowledge on the pathologic mechanisms played by the immune system and the inflammation in the genesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung disease. An overview on potential treatments for this harmful condition and for contrasting the "cytokine storm" has also been presented. Finally, a look at the experimented experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tirelli
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mara De Amici
- Immuno-Allergology Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Albrici
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mira
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Nalesso
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Re
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Mondoni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Chronic Fatigue, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Long COVID Are Strongly Predicted by Neuroimmune and Neuro-Oxidative Pathways Which Are Caused by the Inflammation during Acute Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020511. [PMID: 36675440 PMCID: PMC9865328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID) is associated with physio-somatic (chronic fatigue syndrome and somatic symptoms) and affective (depression and anxiety) symptoms. The severity of the long COVID physio-affective phenome is largely predicted by increased peak body temperature (BT) and lowered oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the acute infectious phase. This study aims to delineate whether the association of BT and SpO2 during the acute phase and the long COVID physio-affective phenome is mediated by neurotoxicity (NT) resulting from activated immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. METHODS We recruited 86 patients with long COVID (3-4 months after the acute phase) and 39 healthy controls and assessed serum C-reactive protein (CRP), caspase 1, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-18, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and calcium (Ca), as well as peak BT and SpO2 during the acute phase. RESULTS Cluster analysis revealed that a significant part (34.9%) of long COVID patients (n = 30) show a highly elevated NT index as computed based on IL-1β, IL-18, caspase 1, CRP, MPO, and AOPPs. Partial least squares analysis showed that 61.6% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome of long COVID could be explained by the NT index, lowered Ca, and peak BT/SpO2 in the acute phase and prior vaccinations with AstraZeneca or Pfizer. The most important predictors of the physio-affective phenome are Ca, CRP, IL-1β, AOPPs, and MPO. CONCLUSION The infection-immune-inflammatory core of acute COVID-19 strongly predicts the development of physio-affective symptoms 3-4 months later, and these effects are partly mediated by neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways.
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Yiang GT, Wu CC, Lu CL, Hu WC, Tsai YJ, Huang YM, Su WL, Lu KC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Elderly Patients with COVID-19: Potential of Melatonin Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 36680196 PMCID: PMC9863214 DOI: 10.3390/v15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging processes, including immunosenescence, inflammation, inflammasome formation, genomic instability, telomeric attrition, and altered autophagy, are involved in viral infections and they may contribute to increased pathophysiological responses to the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly; this poses additional risks of accelerated aging, which could be found even after recovery. Aging is associated with oxidative damage. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infections may increase the production of reactive oxygen species and such infections will disturb the Ca++ balance via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated unfolded protein response. Although vaccine development and anti-inflammation therapy lower the severity of COVID-19, the prevalence and mortality rates are still alarming in some countries worldwide. In this review, we describe the involvement of viral proteins in activating ER stress transducers and their downstream signals and in inducing inflammation and inflammasome formation. Furthermore, we propose the potential of melatonin as an ER stress modulator, owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects in viral infections. Considering its strong safety profile, we suggest that additive melatonin supplementation in the elderly could be beneficial in treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Yiao-Mien Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
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Aktar S, Amin S. SARS-CoV-2 mediated dysregulation in cell signaling events drives the severity of COVID-19. Virus Res 2023; 323:198962. [PMID: 36209917 PMCID: PMC9536871 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A balance in immune response against an unfamiliar pathogen is crucial to eliminate the infection. A cascade of cell signaling events is immediately activated upon sensing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by cellular toll like receptors in a natural host response manner against the invading virus. The ultimate aim of such innate immune signaling pathways is to provide a required level of protection to our bodies by interfering with the invader. However, if there is any loss in such balance, an impairment in immune system emerge that fails to control the regulated transcription and translation of signaling components. Consequently, excessive level of proinflammatory mediators release into the circulatory systems that ultimately cause "cytokine storm" and COVID-19 pathological syndromes. The limited production of interferons (IFNs), while excessive yield of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests an abnormal cell signaling event and explains the reasons of increased immunopathology and severity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Saiful Amin
- Chittagong Medical University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Arjmand B, Alavi-Moghadam S, Sarvari M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezazadeh- Mafi A, Arjmand R, Nikandish M, Nasli‐Esfahani E, Larijani B. Critical roles of cytokine storm and bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:171-206. [PMID: 36600055 PMCID: PMC9812357 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been a shocking disaster for healthcare systems worldwide since December 2019. This virus can affect all systems of the body and its symptoms vary from a simple upper respiratory infection to fatal complications including end-organ damage. On the other hand, the normal immune system plays a pivotal role in the recovery of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, occasionally, exaggerated immune system inflammation and an excessive synthesis of cytokines, known as a "cytokine storm," can deteriorate the patient's clinical condition. Secondary bacterial co-infection is another problem in COVID-19 which affects the prognosis of patients. Although there are a few studies about this complication, they suggest not using antibiotics commonly, especially broad-spectrum ones. During this pandemic, various approaches and therapeutics were introduced for treating COVID-19 patients. However, available treatments are not helpful enough, especially for complicated cases. Hence, in this era, cell therapy and regenerative medicine will create new opportunities. Therefore, the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells, especially their antimicrobial activity, will help us understand how to treat COVID-19. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells may stop the immune system from becoming overactive in COVID-19 patients. On the other side, the stem cells' capacity for repair could encourage natural healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh- Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli‐Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shin SW, Cho IH. Panax ginseng as a potential therapeutic for neurological disorders associated with COVID-19; Toward targeting inflammasome. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:23-32. [PMID: 36213093 PMCID: PMC9529349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause clinical manifestations of multiple organ damage, including various neurological syndromes. There are currently two oral antiviral drugs-Paxlovid and molnupiravir-that are recognized to treat COVID-19, but there are still no drugs that can specifically fight the challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimolecular complex that can sense heterogeneous pathogen-associated molecular patterns associated with neurological disorders. The NLRP3 activation stimulates the production of caspase-1-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and other cytokines in immune cells. Panax (P.) ginseng is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been widely used to boost immunity and treat various pathological conditions in the nervous system due to its safety and anti-inflammatory/oxidant/viral activities. Several recent reports have indicated that P. ginseng and its active ingredients may regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the nervous system. Therefore, this review article discusses the current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of neurological disorders related to COVID-19 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the possibility of using P. ginseng in a strategy targeting this pathway to treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Won Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Hyun Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. D.V.M. & Ph.D. Department of Convergence Medical Science and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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40
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Targeting of neuroinflammation by glibenclamide in Covid-19: old weapon from arsenal. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1-7. [PMID: 36418600 PMCID: PMC9685016 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) era, neuroinflammation may develop due to neuronal tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and/or associated immune activation, cytokine storm, and psychological stress. SARS-CoV-2 infection and linked cytokine storm may cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury through which activated immune cells and SARS-CoV-2 can pass into the brain causing activation of glial cells with subsequent neuroinflammation. Different therapeutic regimens were suggested to alleviate Covid-19-induced neuroinflammation. Since glibenclamide has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, it could be effective in mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced neuroinflammation. Glibenclamide is a second-generation drug from the sulfonylurea family, which acts by inhibiting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K channel in the regulatory subunit of type 1 sulfonylurea receptor (SUR-1) in pancreatic β cells. Glibenclamide reduces neuroinflammation and associated BBB injury by inhibiting the nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, oxidative stress, and microglial activation. Therefore, glibenclamide through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, microglial activation, and oxidative stress may attenuate SARS-CoV-2-mediated neuroinflammation.
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41
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Xiao Z, Hu S, Xu W, Wang S, Mo W, Deng H, Wei J, Yang H, Zhou W, Li Q, Zhou H, Lv X. A bibliometric analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome from 2010 to 2021. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053658. [PMID: 36618363 PMCID: PMC9810982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is essential in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a fatal clinical syndrome that deteriorated from acute lung injury (ALI). This bibliometric study aims to offer a thorough insight into the scientific output about NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI/ARDS and explore the intellectual base, developing trajectory and emerging trends. Methods We retrieved the literature from 2010 to 2021 from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database. Bibliometrix (3.1.4) R package and CiteSpace (5.8.R3) were used for further analysis and visualization. Results A total of 508 English articles and reviews published from 2010 to 2021 were identified. The annual number of publications presented a rapidly developing trend especially in recent years. Among all the 42 countries, China was the most productive and most cited country, while the USA had the greatest impact. Peter A. Ward from the USA was the most productive corresponding author, and 4 of these top 10 corresponding authors were from China. The most cited reference was written by Ahmed (2017) of Zhejiang University in China. The Journal of Immunology had highest citation count and G-index. Furthermore, the major disciplines of research front have drifted from "Medicine, Medical, Clinical" to "Molecular, Biology, Immunology" over the past 12 years. In the co-occurring network, the terms "acute lung injury," "NLRP3 inflammasome," "interleukin-1β," "NF-κB," and "NLRP3 activation" occurred most frequently, while in burst detection, "oxidative stress" had the highest burst strength. Co-citation network revealed that Cluster 2 "virus infection" was the most active area, including the most citation bursts. Cluster 0 "severe COVID-19" and Cluster 1 "dual inhibitor PTUPB" were emerging themes in recent years, and they involved the largest number of publications. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis revealed a rapid growth trend of the relatively novel topic: NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI/ARDS. China was the largest contributor, while the USA offered the most landmark papers. The major disciplines of research front drifted from "Medicine, Medical, Clinical" to "Molecular, Biology, Immunology." In recent years, studies about the role of NLRP3 in COVID-19-associated ALI/ARDS and oxidative stress became hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Lv
- *Correspondence: Xin Lv, ; Huanping Zhou,
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Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Shaikh M, Zhang L, Engen P, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1930-1943. [PMID: 36394508 PMCID: PMC9722573 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Dec. 2019-January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID-19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or more severe COVID-19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID-19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phillip Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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Cavalcanti LF, Chagas Silva I, do Nascimento THD, de Melo J, Grion CMC, Cecchini AL, Cecchini R. Decreased plasma H 2O 2 levels are associated with the pathogenesis leading to COVID-19 worsening and mortality. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:740-748. [PMID: 36708322 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2174021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative Stress (OS) is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and in the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes injuries to tissues, leading to cytopathic hypoxia and ultimately multiple organ failure. The measurement of blood glutathione (GSH), H2O2, and catalase activity may help clarify the pathophysiology pathways of this disease. We developed and standardized a sensitive and specific chemiluminescence technique for H2O2 and GSH measurement in plasma and red blood cells of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Contrary to what was expected, the plasma concentration of H2O2 was substantially reduced (10-fold) in COVID-19 patients compared to the healthy control group. From the cohort of patients discharged from the hospital and those who were deceased, the former showed a 3.6-fold and the later 16-fold H2O2 reduction compared to the healthy control. There was a 4.4 reduction of H2O2 concentration in the deceased group compared to the discharged group. Interestingly, there was no variation in GSH levels between groups, and reduced catalase activity was found in discharged and deceased patients compared to control. These data represent strong evidence that H2O2 is converted into highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the worst prognosis and death outcome in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. Considering the difference in the levels of H2O2 between the control group and the deceased patients, it is proposed the quantification of plasma H2O2 as a marker of disease progression and the induction of the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes as a strategy to reduce the production of oxidative stress during severe COVID-19.HighlightsH2O2 plasma levels is dramatically reduced in patients who deceased compared to those discharged and to the control group.Plasmatic quantification of H2O2 can be possibly used as a predictor of disease progression.Catalase activity is reduced in COVID-19.GSH levels remain unchanged in COVID-19 compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liara Freitas Cavalcanti
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isabela Chagas Silva
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Jôse de Melo
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Azumi J, Shimada Y, Takeda T, Aso H, Nakamura T. The Organogermanium Compound 3-(Trihydroxygermyl) Propanoic Acid (THGP) Suppresses Inflammasome Activation Via Complexation with ATP. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13364. [PMID: 36362152 PMCID: PMC9654755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activity is a key indicator of inflammation. The inflammasome is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which activate the p38-NF-κB pathway and promote IL-1β transcription (signaling step 1). Next, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activates the inflammasome (a protein complex consisting of a signal recognition protein, an adapter protein, and Caspase-1) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (signaling step 2). Inflammasome activation causes excessive inflammation, leading to inflammasome-active diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. A hydrolysate of the organogermanium compound Ge-132, 3-(Trihydroxygermyl) propanoic acid (THGP) can form a complex with a cis-diol structure. We investigated the inhibitory effect of THGP on inflammasome activity in human THP-1 monocytes. THGP inhibited IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation (signaling step 2) in an ATP-dependent manner. On the other hand, THGP did not suppress IL-1β secretion induced by only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, as IL-6 is an ATP-independent inflammatory cytokine, THGP did not decrease its secretion. THGP also suppressed pyroptosis, which is a caspase-1 activity-dependent form of cell death. Therefore, THGP is expected to become a new therapeutic or prophylactic agent for inflammasome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Azumi
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd. Suzuranoka 3-131, Hakodate 042-0958, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimada
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd. Suzuranoka 3-131, Hakodate 042-0958, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd. Suzuranoka 3-131, Hakodate 042-0958, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd. Suzuranoka 3-131, Hakodate 042-0958, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Asai Germanium Research Institute Co., Ltd. Suzuranoka 3-131, Hakodate 042-0958, Hokkaido, Japan
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA, Gomaa MA. Glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids, the golden nutraceuticals: multitargeting for treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 and prevention of post-COVID cognitive impairment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1977-1992. [PMID: 36136251 PMCID: PMC9493173 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Breakthrough infections have been reported in fully vaccinated persons. Furthermore, rebound symptoms have been reported following the new FDA granted emergency use to combat SARS-CoV-2. Glycyrrhizin (GR) and boswellic acids (BAs) combination has been shown to have highly successful actions against COVID-19 in our recent clinical trial. However, the study is limited by the small sample size, and therefore, the aim of this article is to comprehensively evaluate recent evidence on the efficacy of GR and BAs in preventing the development of COVID-19 in patients with mild and moderate infections and in preventing post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, which is the most important symptom after recovery from Covid-19 disease. We have reviewed and discussed information published since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic until July 2022 on preclinical (in vivo, in vivo and bioinformatics) and clinical studies related to the antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of Gr and BAs. Sixteen studies were performed to determine the efficacy of GR against SARS-CoV-2. Ten studies were used primarily for in vitro and in vivo assays and six used molecular docking studies. However, the antiviral activity of BAs against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in only five studies using molecular modeling and bioinformatics. All these studies confirmed that GR n and BAs have strong antiviral activity and can be used as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 and as a protective agent against SARS-CoV-2. They may act by inhibiting the main protease SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) responsible for replication and blocking spike protein-mediated cell entry. Only seven rigorously designed clinical trials regarding the usefulness of GR, BAs or their combinations in the treatment of COVID-19 have been published as of July 2022. Although there is no clinical study regarding the treatment of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 that has been published so far, several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential effect of GR and BAs in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment by inhibiting the activity of several molecules that activate inflammatory signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of our study documented the beneficial use of GR and BAs to treat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and prevent post-COVID cognitive impairment. However, it warrants further studies with a larger randomized sample size to ensure that the studies have sufficient evidence of benefits against COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed A Gomaa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Hesperetin from Root Extract of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in A549 Lung Cells via Modulation of the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810346. [PMID: 36142258 PMCID: PMC9498987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of inflammatory responses from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Spike) by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been developed as an alternative form of supportive therapy besides the traditional anti-viral approaches. Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore (C. petasites) is a Thai traditional medicinal plant possessing antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, C. petasites ethanolic root extract (CpEE) underwent solvent-partitioned extraction to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction of C. petasites (CpEA). Subsequently, C. petasites extracts were determined for the flavonoid contents and anti-inflammatory properties against spike induction in the A549 lung cells. According to the HPLC results, CpEA significantly contained higher amounts of hesperidin and hesperetin flavonoids than CpEE (p < 0.05). A549 cells were then pre-treated with either C. petasites extracts or its active flavonoids and were primed with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (Spike S1) and determined for the anti-inflammatory properties. The results indicate that CpEA (compared with CpEE) and hesperetin (compared with hesperidin) exhibited greater anti-inflammatory properties upon Spike S1 induction through a significant reduction in IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 cytokine releases in A549 cells culture supernatant (p < 0.05). Additionally, CpEA and hesperetin significantly inhibited the Spike S1-induced inflammatory gene expressions (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, CpEA and hesperetin attenuated inflammasome machinery protein expressions (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1), as well as inactivated the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 pathway. Overall, our findings could provide scientific-based evidence to support the use of C. petasites and hesperetin in the development of supportive therapies for the prevention of COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.
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Jiang Y, Zhao T, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Gutierrez‐Castrellon P, Ma X. Inflammatory pathways in COVID‐19: Mechanism and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e154. [PMID: 35923762 PMCID: PMC9340488 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis. In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive inflammatory response in patients, causing an inflammatory cytokine storm in severe cases. Cytokine storm leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary and other multiorgan failure, which is an important cause of COVID‐19 progression and even death. Among them, activation of inflammatory pathways is a major factor in generating cytokine storms and causing dysregulated immune responses, which is closely related to the severity of viral infection. Therefore, elucidation of the inflammatory signaling pathway of SARS‐CoV‐2 is important in providing otential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies against COVID‐19. Here, we discuss the major inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, including induction, function, and downstream signaling, as well as existing and potential interventions targeting these cytokines or related signaling pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory pathways of COVID‐19 immune dysregulation and inflammation will help develop better clinical therapy strategies to effectively control inflammatory diseases, such as COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biotherapy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Pedro Gutierrez‐Castrellon
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez Ministry of Health Mexico City Mexico
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
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Maes M, Al-Rubaye HT, Almulla AF, Al-Hadrawi DS, Stoyanova K, Kubera M, Al-Hakeim HK. Lowered Quality of Life in Long COVID Is Predicted by Affective Symptoms, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Inflammation and Neuroimmunotoxic Pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10362. [PMID: 36011997 PMCID: PMC9408685 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The physio-affective phenome of Long COVID-19 is predicted by (a) immune-inflammatory biomarkers of the acute infectious phase, including peak body temperature (PBT) and oxygen saturation (SpO2), and (b) the subsequent activation of immune and oxidative stress pathways during Long COVID. The purpose of this study was to delineate the effects of PBT and SpO2 during acute infection, as well as the increased neurotoxicity on the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in people with Long COVID. We recruited 86 participants with Long COVID and 39 normal controls, assessed the WHO-QoL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Abridged Version, Geneva, Switzerland) and the physio-affective phenome of Long COVID (comprising depression, anxiety and fibromyalgia-fatigue rating scales) and measured PBT and SpO2 during acute infection, and neurotoxicity (NT, comprising serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxidase, calcium and insulin resistance) in Long COVID. We found that 70.3% of the variance in HR-QoL was explained by the regression on the physio-affective phenome, lowered calcium and increased NT, whilst 61.5% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome was explained by calcium, NT, increased PBT, lowered SpO2, female sex and vaccination with AstraZeneca and Pfizer. The effects of PBT and SpO2 on lowered HR-QoL were mediated by increased NT and lowered calcium yielding increased severity of the physio-affective phenome which largely affects HR-QoL. In conclusion, lowered HR-Qol in Long COVID is largely predicted by the severity of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways during acute and Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | | | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | | | - Kristina Stoyanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Marta Kubera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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NLRP-3 Inflammasome: A Key Target, but Mostly Overlooked following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081307. [PMID: 36016195 PMCID: PMC9413552 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Xiong L, Cao J, Yang X, Chen S, Wu M, Wang C, Xu H, Chen Y, Zhang R, Hu X, Chen T, Tang J, Deng Q, Li D, Yang Z, Xiao G, Zhang X. Exploring the mechanism of action of Xuanfei Baidu granule (XFBD) in the treatment of COVID-19 based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:965273. [PMID: 36034710 PMCID: PMC9399524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.965273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a challenge of world. The latest research has proved that Xuanfei Baidu granule (XFBD) significantly improved patient’s clinical symptoms, the compound drug improves immunity by increasing the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the analysis of the effective monomer components of XFBD and its mechanism of action in the treatment of COVID-19 is currently lacking. Therefore, this study used computer simulation to study the effective monomer components of XFBD and its therapeutic mechanism.MethodsWe screened out the key active ingredients in XFBD through TCMSP database. Besides GeneCards database was used to search disease gene targets and screen intersection gene targets. The intersection gene targets were analyzed by GO and KEGG. The disease-core gene target-drug network was analyzed and molecular docking was used for verification. Molecular dynamics simulation verification was carried out to combine the active ingredient and the target with a stable combination. The supercomputer platform was used to measure and analyze the number of hydrogen bonds, the binding free energy, the stability of protein target at the residue level, the solvent accessible surface area, and the radius of gyration.ResultsXFBD had 1308 gene targets, COVID-19 had 4600 gene targets, the intersection gene targets were 548. GO and KEGG analysis showed that XFBD played a vital role by the signaling pathways of immune response and inflammation. Molecular docking showed that I-SPD, Pachypodol and Vestitol in XFBD played a role in treating COVID-19 by acting on NLRP3, CSF2, and relieve the clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Molecular dynamics was used to prove the binding stability of active ingredients and protein targets, CSF2/I-SPD combination has the strongest binding energy.ConclusionFor the first time, it was found that the important active chemical components in XFBD, such as I-SPD, Pachypodol and Vestitol, reduce inflammatory response and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3, and reduce the production of inflammatory factors and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells by inhibiting the activation of CSF2. Therefore, XFBD can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 through NLRP3 and CSF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyan Chen
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiang Xu
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Dong Li
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Guibao Xiao, ; Zheng Yang,
| | - Guibao Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Guibao Xiao, ; Zheng Yang,
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Zhang, ; Guibao Xiao, ; Zheng Yang,
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