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Donpudsa S, Piaprad O, Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V, Visetnan S. Characterization of a novel Type-I Crustin (carcininPm2) from black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109520. [PMID: 38513915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carcinins are type-I crustins from crustaceans and play an important role in innate immune system. In this study, type-I crustins, carcininPm1 and carcininPm2, from the hemocytes of Penaeus monodon were identified. Comparison of their amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic tree revealed that they were closely related to the other crustacean carcinin proteins, but were clustered into different groups of the carcinin proteins. The full-length amino acids of carcininPm1 and carcininPm2 were 92 and 111 residues, respectively. CarcininPm1 and carcininPm2 were expressed mainly in hemocytes and intestine compared to the other tissues. The expression of carcininPm1 and carcininPm2 were dramatically increased in early time of bacterial challenged shrimp hemocytes. In contrast, the carcininPm1 and carcininPm2 were expressed in response to late state of YHV-infected shrimp hemocytes where the copy number of virus was high. The recombinant carcininPm2 (rcarcininPm2) but not its WAP domain (rcarcininPm2_WAP) exhibited antimicrobial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND but not other bacteria tested. The rcarcininPm2 was able to prolong the survival rate of VH-treated post larval shrimp from about 102 h to 156 h. These studies indicated that the carcininPm2 possessed the potential and challenges as antibacterial in innate immunity of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchao Donpudsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawan Piaprad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkokthonburi University, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand.
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Hu J, Li S, Miao M, Li F. Characterization of the antibacterial and opsonic functions of the antimicrobial peptide LvCrustinVI from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105146. [PMID: 38316231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial drug resistance is becoming increasingly severe due to antibiotic abuse. The development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides is one of the important ways to solve this difficult problem. Crustins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Several types of crustins exist in shrimp and their activities vary greatly. In the present study, we studied the immune function of one newly identified crustin and found that the type VI crustin encoding gene in Litopenaeus vannamei (LvCrustinVI) was mainly expressed in gills. Its expression was significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and knockdown of the gene promoted Vibrio proliferation in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, indicating that LvCrustinVI was involved in pathogens infection. The recombinant LvCrustinVI (rLvCrustinVI) showed strong inhibitory activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited binding activities with the bacteria and bacterial polysaccharides including Glu, LPS and PGN. In the presence of Ca2+, rLvCrustinVI showed a strong agglutination effect on V. parahaemolyticus and could significantly enhance the phagocytic ability of shrimp hemocytes against V. parahaemolyticus. In conclusion, LvCrustinVI played important roles as antimicrobial peptide and opsonin in the innate immune defense of L. vannamei. The study enriched our understanding of the functional activity of Crustin and provides an important basis for the development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Miao Miao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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3
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Zhong Y, He Z, Long X, Hou D, Hu X, Sun C. Transcriptome analysis of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in response to Vibrio proteolyticus infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1207-1224. [PMID: 37589383 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to the destruction of the culture environment and serious ecological pressure, especially in the process of culture, residual bait, faeces and fishery drug abuse will lead to the accumulation of harmful metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, and biological denitrification is the most economical and effective method to remove the single. Therefore, in this study, a nitrite removal strain XA19 was isolated and screened from a shrimp biofloc culture pond. This strain was identified as a clade of Vibrio proteolyticus because the homology between XA19 and V. proteolyticus WDVP was as high as 99.86% by using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and NCBI database comparison. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that V. proteolyticus is short-rod-shaped with a curved body and no budding spores, pods and flagella. Antimicrobial susceptibility test proved that V. proteolyticus was resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, vancomycin and clindamycin. In the median lethal concentration 50 (LC50 ) test, at 7-day post-infection (dpi), LC50 of V. proteolyticus for Fenneropenaeus merguiensis was 1.69 × 104 CFU/mL. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was carried out on hepatopancreas of F. merguiensis at 24 and 48 hpi. A total of 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 24 hpi, including 104 up-regulated DEGs and 72 down-regulated DEGs, and a total of 52 DEGs were screened at 48 hpi, including 32 up-regulated DEGs and 20 down-regulated DEGs. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, many immune-related signalling pathways were significantly enriched, including Hippo signalling pathway, phagosome, Toll and Imd signalling pathways and Wnt signalling pathway. In addition, some pathways related to Warburg effect were also enriched, including Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Biosynthesis of amino acids, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and so on. In this study, the toxicity and drug sensitivity of V. proteolyticus were systematically studied, and the immune response of hepatopancreas of F. merguiensis to V. proteolyticus infection was preliminarily revealed from the molecular level. The results may provide a reference for the prevention and control of V. proteolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Long
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianye Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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Barreto C, Matos GM, Rosa RD. On the wave of the crustin antimicrobial peptide family: From sequence diversity to function. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Diwan AD, Harke SN, Panche AN. Application of proteomics in shrimp and shrimp aquaculture. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 43:101015. [PMID: 35870418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since proteins play an important role in the life of an organism, many researchers are now looking at how genes and proteins interact to form different proteins. It is anticipated that the creation of adequate tools for rapid analysis of proteins will accelerate the determination of functional aspects of these biomolecules and develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Though shrimp contains high-quality marine proteins, there are reports about the heavy losses to the shrimp industry due to the poor quality of shrimp production and many times due to mass mortality also. Frequent outbreaks of diseases, water pollution, and quality of feed are some of the most recognized reasons for such losses. In the seafood export market, shrimp occupies the top position in currency earnings and strengthens the economy of many developing nations. Therefore, it is vital for shrimp-producing companies they produce healthy shrimp with high-quality protein. Though aquaculture is a very competitive market, global awareness regarding the use of scientific knowledge and emerging technologies to obtain better-farmed organisms through sustainable production has enhanced the importance of proteomics in seafood biology research. Proteomics, as a powerful tool, has therefore been increasingly used to address several issues in shrimp aquaculture. In the present paper, efforts have been made to address some of them, particularly the role of proteomics in reproduction, breeding and spawning, immunological responses and disease resistance capacity, nutrition and health, microbiome and probiotics, quality and safety of shrimp production, bioinformatics applications in proteomics, the discovery of protein biomarkers, and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Future challenges and research directions on proteomics in shrimp aquaculture have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Diwan
- MGM Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission University N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad-431003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S N Harke
- MGM Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission University N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad-431003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Archana N Panche
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, B220 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Zhou Y, Song Q, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang J. A novel type I Crustin from Exopalaemon carinicauda: Antimicrobial ability related to conserved cysteine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:948-955. [PMID: 35661815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are a kind of antibacterial peptides (AMP) existing in crustaceans, and their antibacterial abilities are considered to be related to the conserved WAP domain. In this study, a novel type I Crustin gene was identified in Exopalaemon carinicauda, named EcCru. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the conserved cysteine at position 7 in the WAP domain was replaced by aspartic acid. The gene is 405 bp in length, encoding 134 amino acids, and is mainly distributed in gills and hepatopancreas. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation, the expression of EcCru was significantly up-regulated within 12 h, and then returned to normal levels. The recombinant protein was obtained using the Pichia pastoris expression system, and the recombinant protein had neither antibacterial activity against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. But the antibacterial ability emerged when Asp101 was mutated to Cys. Notably, we also obtained a mutant that had a deletion at the 6 th conserved Cys in the WAP domain, and this mutant had antibacterial ability against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus. This indicates that the conserved cysteine with different positions in WAP domain can have different effects on the antibacterial ability of Crustins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Characterization of the Dual Functions of LvCrustinVII from Litopenaeus vannamei as Antimicrobial Peptide and Opsonin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030157. [PMID: 35323456 PMCID: PMC8951635 DOI: 10.3390/md20030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustin are a family of antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in protecting against pathogens infection in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Previously, we identified several novel types of crustins, including type VI and type VII crustins. However, their immune functions were still unclear. In the present study, the immune function of type VII crustin LvCrustinVII were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCrustinVII was wildly expressed in all tested tissues, with relatively high expression levels in hepatopancreas, epidermis and lymphoid organ. Upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, LvCrustinVII was significantly upregulated in hepatopancreas. Recombinant LvCrustinVII (rLvCrustinVII) showed strong inhibitory activities against Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, while weak activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Binding assay showed that rLvCrustinVII could bind strongly to V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, as well as the cell wall components Glu, LPS and PGN. In the presence of Ca2+, rLvCrustinVII could agglutinate V. parahaemolyticus and enhance hemocyte phagocytosis. The present data partially illustrate the immune function of LvCrustinVII, which enrich our understanding on the functional mechanisms of crustins and provide useful information for application of this kind of antimicrobial peptides.
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He Z, Zhong Y, Hou D, Hu X, Fu Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Sun C. Integrated Analysis of mRNA-Seq and MiRNA-Seq Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Intestinal Immune Response in Marsupenaeus japonicus Under Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:807093. [PMID: 35116034 PMCID: PMC8804360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.807093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is not only an important digestive organ but also an important immune organ for shrimp; it plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a new type of shrimp-lethal virus that has received extensive attention in recent years. To date, most studies of the shrimp intestinal immune response under viral infections have relied on single omics analyses; there is a lack of systematic multi-omics research. In the current study, intestinal mRNA-seq and microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses of Marsupenaeus japonicus under DIV1 infection were performed. A total of 1,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, 21 DEMs were negatively correlated with 194 DEGs from a total of 223 correlations. Functional annotation analysis revealed that M. japonicus can regulate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate), vitamin metabolism (retinol metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism), immune pathway activation (Toll and IMD signaling pathways, Wnt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway), immunity enzyme activity promotion (triose-phosphate isomerase), antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis through miRNAs to participate in the host’s antiviral immune response, while DIV1 can influence Warburg effect-related pathways (pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle), glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related pathways (glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—globo and isoglobo series and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—lacto and neolacto series), and the tight junction and adhesion junction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium through the host’s miRNAs and mRNA to promote its own invasion and replication. These results indicate that intestinal miRNAs play important roles in the shrimp immune response against DIV1 infection. This study provides a basis for further study of the shrimp intestinal antiviral immune response and for the formulation of effective new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DIV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianye Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhibin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
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Characteristics of Two Crustins from Alvinocaris longirostris in Hydrothermal Vents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110600. [PMID: 34822471 PMCID: PMC8626000 DOI: 10.3390/md19110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustins are widely distributed among different crustacean groups. They are characterized by a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain, and most examined Crustins show activity against Gram-positive bacteria. This study reports two Crustins, Al-crus 3 and Al-crus 7, from hydrothermal vent shrimp, Alvinocaris longirostris. Al-crus 3 and Al-crus 7 belong to Crustin Type IIa, with a similarity of about 51% at amino acid level. Antibacterial assays showed that Al-crus 3 mainly displayed activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC50 values of 10–25 μM. However, Al-crus 7 not only displayed activity against Gram-positive bacteria but also against Gram-negative bacteria Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, in a sensitive manner. Notably, in the effective antibacterial spectrum, Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (ESBLs) and Imipenem-resistant A. baumannii were drug-resistant pathogens. Narrowing down the sequence to the WAP domain, Al-crusWAP 3 and Al-crusWAP 7 demonstrated antibacterial activities but were weak. Additionally, the effects on bacteria did not significantly change after they were maintained at room temperature for 48 h. This indicated that Al-crus 3 and Al-crus 7 were relatively stable and convenient for transportation. Altogether, this study reported two new Crustins with specific characteristics. In particular, Al-crus 7 inhibited Gram-negative imipenem-resistant A. baumannii.
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Transcriptomic analysis of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals insights into immune development in their early life stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13881. [PMID: 34230553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth in the global demand, the shrimp industry needs integrated approaches for sustainable production. A high-quality shrimp larva is one of the crucial key requirements to maximize shrimp production. Survival and growth rates during larval development are often criteria to evaluate larval quality, however many aspects of gene regulation during shrimp larval development have not yet been identified. To further our understanding of biological processes in their early life, transcriptomic analysis of larval developmental stages (nauplius, zoea, mysis, and postlarva) were determined in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon using next-generation RNA sequencing. Gene clustering and gene enrichment analyses revealed that most of the transcripts were mainly related to metabolic processes, cell and growth development, and immune system. Interestingly, Spätzle and Toll receptors were found in nauplius stage, providing evidence that Toll pathway was a baseline immune system established in early larval stages. Genes encoding pathogen pattern-recognition proteins (LGBP, PL5-2 and c-type lectin), prophenoloxidase system (PPAE2, PPAF2 and serpin), antimicrobial peptides (crustin and antiviral protein), blood clotting system (hemolymph clottable protein) and heat shock protein (HSP70) were expressed as they developed further, suggesting that these immune defense mechanisms were established in later larval stages.
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Xie Y, Wan H, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of a new Spgly-AMP, glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:384-392. [PMID: 32771609 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is a crucial component of the innate immune system in crustaceans. In mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, a commercially important species, a glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide (Spgly-AMP) gene was newly identified and putatively encoded a 26aa signal peptide and 37aa mature peptide. To understand the function of Spgly-AMP, the expression profile of Spgly-amp gene was characterized, which showed Spgly-amp was expressed widely in most tissues of adult crabs with the highest expression level in hemocytes. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus, PGN, or Poly I:C stimulations, the expression level of Spgly-amp was significantly up-regulated in the hemocytes. In antimicrobial assays, chemically synthesized Spgly-AMP peptides exhibited strong antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and high thermal stability after high-temperature heating. These findings in the present study verified the importance of the Spgly-AMP in defense of pathogenic bacteria infection in the mud crab and provided a promising candidate of antimicrobial agents in the crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Xie
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Xianyuan Zeng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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12
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Huang X, Zhang R, Dai X, Wang K, Zhang C, Cao X, Ren Q. Identification of a dorsal transcription factor (MnDorsal) from Macrobrachium nipponense and its role in innate immunity. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:1-7. [PMID: 32712503 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-κB family of transcription factors paly vital roles in innate immunity response to bacterial and viral infection. Here, we cloned and identified a dorsal homologue (named as MnDorsal) from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full-length cDNA of MnDorsal is 2573 bp with a 1986 bp open reading frame that encodes 661 amino acids. Predicted MnDorsal protein contained a RHD (Rel homology domain), an IPT (Iglike, plexins, and transcriptions factors) domain, and two low complexity regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MnDorsal has a closer genetic distance with dorsal homologues from invertebrates. MnDorsal was widely expressed in a variety of tissues, including hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestine. Expression patterns analysis showed that the transcriptional level of MnDorsal in the gills was evidently up-regulated after Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, white spot syndrome virus, or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid challenge, suggesting that MnDorsal participates in the immune defenses against pathogens and stimulant challenges. Additionally, the dsRNA-mediated RNA interference analysis showed that knockdown of MnDorsal can significantly inhibit the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and crustin. Further studies revealed that the up-regulated expression of ALFs (MnALF2, MnALF3, and MnALF4) and crustins (MnCrustin3 and MnCrustin4) caused by S. aureus infection were obviously decreased after silencing MnDorsal. These findings suggest that MnDorsal positively regulate the expression of antibacterial peptides (AMPs) during S. aureus infection. Our study will promote to better understand the role of Toll-Dorsal-AMPs pathway in innate immunity response to gram-positive bacterial infection in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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13
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Bandeira PT, Vernal J, Matos GM, Farias ND, Terenzi H, Pinto AR, Barracco MA, Rosa RD. A Type IIa crustin from the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (crusFpau) is constitutively synthesized and stored by specific granule-containing hemocyte subpopulations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:294-299. [PMID: 31863905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) widely distributed across crustaceans. From the four described crustin Types (I to IV), crustins from the subtype IIa are the most abundant and diverse members found in penaeid shrimp. Despite the critical role of Type IIa crustins in shrimp antimicrobial defenses, there is still limited information about their synthesis and antimicrobial properties. Here, we report the subcellular localization and the antibacterial spectrum of crusFpau, a Type IIa crustin from the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis. The recombinantly expressed crusFpau showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at low concentrations. Results from immunofluorescence using anti-rcrusFpau antiserum revealed that crusFpau is synthetized and stored by both granular and semigranular hemocytes, but not by hyaline cells. Interestingly, not all granular and semigranular hemocytes stained for crusFpau, revealing that this crustin is produced by specific granule-containing hemocyte subpopulations. Finally, we showed that the granule-stored peptides are not constitutively secreted into the plasma of healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Terra Bandeira
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Javier Vernal
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Machado Matos
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natanael Dantas Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hernán Terenzi
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Margherita Anna Barracco
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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14
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Encinas-García T, Mendoza-Cano F, Porchas-Cornejo M, Peña-Rodríguez A, Enríquez-Espinoza T, Sánchez-Paz A. The white spot syndrome virus hijacks the expression of the Penaeus vannamei Toll signaling pathway to evade host immunity and facilitate its replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:905-912. [PMID: 31302285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most lethal pathogen of shrimp, is a dsDNA virus with approximately a 300,000 base pairs and contains approximately 180-500 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), of which only 6% show homology to any known protein from other viruses or organisms. Although most of its ORFs encode enzymes for nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication, and protein modification, the WSSV uses some of its encoded proteins successfully to take control of the metabolism of the host and avoid immune responses. The contribution of the shrimp innate immune response to prevent viral invasions is recognized but yet not fully understood. Thus, the role of several components of Toll pathway of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei against WSSV has been previously described, and the consequential effects occurring through the cascade remain unknown. In the current study the effects of WSSV over various components of the shrimp Toll pathway were studied. The gene expression of Spätzle, Toll, Tube, Cactus and Dorsal was altered after 6-12 h post inoculation. The expression of LvToll3, LvCactus, LvDorsal, decreased ~4.4-, ~3.7- and ~7.3-fold at 48, 24 and 48 hpi, respectively. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction (~18-fold) in the expression of the gene encoding LvCactus in WSSV infected specimens was observed at 6 hpi. This may be a sophisticated strategy exploited by WSSV to evade the Toll-mediated immune action, and to promote its replication, thereby contributing to viral fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Encinas-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico
| | - Marco Porchas-Cornejo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Km 2.35 Carretera a Las Tinajas, S/N Colonia Tinajas, Guaymas, Sonora, C.P. 85460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Peña-Rodríguez
- CONACyT, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), IPN 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - Tania Enríquez-Espinoza
- Universidad Estatal de Sonora. Unidad Académica Hermosillo, Ley Federal del Trabajo s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83100, Mexico
| | - Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Análisis, Referencia y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa, 101. Col. Los Ángeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83106, Mexico.
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15
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Li C, Wang S, He J. The Two NF-κB Pathways Regulating Bacterial and WSSV Infection of Shrimp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31417561 PMCID: PMC6683665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogenic infection. Two nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, are generally regarded as the major regulators of the immune response in shrimp, which have been extensively studied over the years. Bacterial infection can be recognized by Toll and IMD pathways, which activate two NF-κB transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish, respectively, to eventually lead to boosting the expression of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In response to white-spot-syndrome-virus (WSSV) infection, these two pathways appear to be subverted and hijacked to favor viral survival. In this review, the recent progress in elucidating microbial recognition, signal transduction, and effector regulation within both shrimp Toll and IMD pathways will be discussed. We will also highlight and discuss the similarities and differences between shrimps and their Drosophila or mammalian counterparts. Understanding the interplay between pathogens and shrimp NF-κB pathways may provide new opportunities for disease-prevention strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yang L, Luo M, He J, Zuo H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A JAK-STAT pathway target gene encoding a single WAP domain (SWD)-containing protein from Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:555-563. [PMID: 30999041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the JAK-STAT pathway is essentially implicated in both antiviral and antibacterial responses. However, few regulatory target genes of the JAK-STAT pathway in shrimp have been reported so far. In this study, a novel single WAP domain-containing peptide (LvSWD4) was identified from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The promoter of LvSWD4 was predicted to harbor multiple STAT-binding DNA motifs. Over-expression of the JAK-STAT pathway components STAT, JAK and Domeless in vitro significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of the LvSWD4 promoter, and in vivo silencing of STAT and the the JAK-STAT pathway upstream regulator IRF down-regulated the expression of LvSWD4, suggesting that LvSWD4 could be a target gene of the JAK-STAT pathway. The expression of LvSWD4 was significantly increased after infection with Gram-negative and positive bacteria, fungi and virus, and silencing of LvSWD4 increased the susceptibility of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infections. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that the recombinant LvSWD4 protein had significant inhibitory activities against Gram negative bacteria V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli and Gram positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis. Furthermore, silencing of LvSWD4 in vivo significantly affected expression of various immune functional genes and attenuated the phagocytic activity of hemocytes. These suggested that as a target gene of STAT, LvSWD4 was essentially implicated in shrimp immunity, which could constitute part of the mechanism underlying the immune function of the shrimp JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengting Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhui He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Du ZQ, Wang Y, Ma HY, Shen XL, Wang K, Du J, Yu XD, Fang WH, Li XC. A new crustin homologue (SpCrus6) involved in the antimicrobial and antiviral innate immunity in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:733-743. [PMID: 30381264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crustins play important roles in defending against bacteria in the innate immunity system of crustaceans. In present study, we identified a crustin gene in Scylla paramamosain, which was named as SpCrus6. The ORF of SpCrus6 possessed a signal peptide sequence (SPS) at the N-terminus and a WAP domain at the C-terminus. And there were 5 Proline residues, 5 Glycine and 4 Cysteine residues between SPS and WAP domain in SpCrus6. These features indicated that SpCrus6 was a new member of crustin family. The SpCrus6 mRNA transcripts were up-regulated obviously after bacteria or virus challenge. These changes showed that SpCrus6 was involved in the antimicrobial and antiviral responses of Scylla paramamosain. Recombinant SpCrus6 (rSpCrus6) showed strong inhibitory abilities against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis). But the inhibitory abilities against four Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli) and two fungi (Pichia pastoris and Candida albicans) were not strong enough. Besides, rSpCrus6 could strongly bind to two Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and B. megaterium) and three Gram-negative bacteria (V. alginolyticus, V. parahemolyticus, and V. harveyi). And the binding levels to S. aureus and two fungi (P. pastoris and C. albicans) were weak. The polysaccharides binding assays' results showed rSpCrus6 had superior binding activities to LPS, LTA, PGN and β-glucan. Through agglutinating assays, we found rSpCrus6 could agglutinate well three Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis and B. megaterium). And the agglutinating activities to Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were not found. In the aspect of antiviral functions, rSpCrus6 could bind specifically to the recombinant envelop protein 26 (rVP26) of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) but not to recombinant envelop protein 28 (rVP28), whereas GST protein could not bind to rVP26 or rVP28. Besides, rSpCrus6 could suppress WSSV reproduction to some extent. Taken together, SpCrus6 was a multifunctional immunity effector in the innate immunity defending response of S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Yue Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xiu-Li Shen
- Library, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Jie Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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18
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Wang H, Zhang JX, Wang Y, Fang WH, Wang Y, Zhou JF, Zhao S, Li XC. Newly identified type II crustin (SpCrus2) in Scylla paramamosain contains a distinct cysteine distribution pattern exhibiting broad antimicrobial activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 84:1-13. [PMID: 29409789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type II crustins are the most abundant type of crustins in shrimps that exhibit remarkable sequence diversities and broad antibacterial activities. This study characterized a novel type II crustin, SpCrus2, in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The SpCrus2 cDNA sequence is 620-bp long with a 495-bp open reading frame encoding a 164-amino acid protein. In the deduced protein, a 17-amino acid signal peptide, a glycine-rich hydrophobic region (GRR), and a cysteine-rich region (CRR) containing a whey acidic protein domain were predicted. SpCrus2 shares high similarity with most type II crustins (types IIa and IIb crustins) in shrimps but has a novel distribution pattern of cysteine residues that is distinct from most crustins. SpCrus2 and PlCrus3 from Pacifastacus leniusculus share high similarity and the same distribution pattern of cysteine residues. Thus, we proposed them as type IIc crustins. SpCrus2 is mainly distributed in the gills and can be up-regulated through Vibrio parahemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus challenge. To investigate the biological functions of SpCrus2 and the underlying mechanisms, SpCrus2, GRR, CRR, and the mutant of CRR (CRR-M, the cysteine distribution pattern is mutated into that in most conventional crustins) were all overexpressed and purified. SpCrus2 GRR itself, as a glycine-rich amphiphilic peptide, exhibited evident antibacterial ability against Gram-negative bacteria, whereas CRR possessed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Either GRR or CRR exhibited weaker antibacterial activity than the whole protein of SpCrus2, indicating that GRR and CRR synergized to exert their potential antibacterial functions. In addition, CRR exhibited slightly stronger antimicrobial activity than CRR-M, suggesting that SpCrus2 containing this novel cysteine distribution pattern may exhibit stronger antimicrobial activity than most type II crustins with the conventional distribution pattern of cysteine residues. The likely antimicrobial ability of SpCrus2 may result from its microbial polysaccharide-binding and agglutination activities. Overall, this study characterized the first type II crustin in crabs and provided new insights into understanding the sequence and functional diversity of crustins and their immune functions in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China; School of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yue Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China.
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19
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Tandel GM, Hipolito SG, Kondo H, Hirono I. Comparative sequence analysis of crustin isoform MjCRS7 and MjWFDC-like gene from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus shows variant of the WFDC domain. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 64:139-148. [PMID: 29885998 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crustins are well known cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in crustaceans that have WFDC [WAP (whey acidic protein) four-disulfide core] domain at the carboxyl terminus. Proteins containing a WFDC domain have been discovered in many invertebrates and vertebrates. Although, there have been many WFDC domain containing nucleotide sequences found in NCBI GenBank database, their distinct sequential characteristics and their role in the innate immune system is not well understood. Here, we identified a new crustin isoform from Marsupenaeus japonicus by transcriptome analysis. The full-length cDNA of this isoform (MjCRS7) consists of 537 bp that include a 489 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 162 deduced amino acids (aa). The sequence contains the eight conserved cysteine residues characteristic of the WFDC domain. A phylogenetic analysis showed that MjCRS7 is a type II crustin. We also identified the full-length cDNA of a M. japonicus MjWFDC-like gene. MjWFDC-like has a 543 bp ORF encoding 180 aa. In an RT-PCR analysis, MjCRS7 and MjWFDC-like transcripts were mainly detected in gill tissue. An alignment of MjCRS7 and MjWFDC-like with previously reported M. japonicus crustin isoform 1-5 (MjCRS1-5) showed variation in the WFDC-like domain. Neither of the genes was responsive to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio penaeicida or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) either by immersion or injection challenge test. Although crustins are mainly antimicrobial peptides, the present results suggest that MjCRS7 may have other roles in M. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravkumar M Tandel
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Sheryll Grospe Hipolito
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang XW, Wang H, Fang WH, Ma H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li XC. SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 share high similarity in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) exhibiting different antibacterial activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:139-151. [PMID: 29352984 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I crustins are crucial effectors of crustacean immune system. Various type I crustins with high sequence diversity possess different antimicrobial activities. To date, the mechanism on how the sequence diversity of type I crustins affects their antimicrobial activities is largely unclear, and how different crustins function together against bacterial invasion still remains unknown. In this study, we identified two novel type I crustins, namely, SpCrus3 and SpCrus4, from an economically important crab, Scylla paramamosain. Either SpCrus3 or SpCrus4 was highly expressed in gill. After challenges with Vibrio parahemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus, SpCrus4 was up-regulated, whereas SpCrus3 was down-regulated. No significant expression change of SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 was observed after white spot syndrome virus injection, suggesting that these two genes may not participate in the antiviral immune responses. SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 had the common 5' terminus and high similarity of 66.06%, but SpCrus4 exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than that of SpCrus3. Microorganism-binding assay results revealed that both SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 exhibited binding ability to all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the polysaccharide-binding assay showed that these two proteins exhibited strong binding activity to bacterial polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and peptidoglycan (PGN). SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 exhibited stronger binding activity to LPS or LTA than to PGN. Moreover, SpCrus4 showed stronger binding activity to LTA than that of SpCrus3, which may be responsible for the significantly distinct antimicrobial activity between these two proteins. In addition, SpCrus4 displayed stronger agglutination activity against several kinds of microorganisms than that of SpCrus3. This increased agglutination activity may also contribute to the strong antibacterial activity of SpCrus4. On the basis of all these results, a possible antibacterial mode exerted by SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 was proposed as follows. SpCrus3 was highly expressed in normal crabs to maintain low-level antibacterial activity without bacterial challenges. When crabs were challenged with bacteria, large amount of SpCrus4 was generated to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against bacterial invasion. This study provides new insights to understand the antibacterial functions and mechanisms of type I crustins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hui Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Arts and Sciences, New York University, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Ma H, Huang YQ, Lu JX, Li XC, Zhang XW. Involvement of a newly identified atypical type II crustin (SpCrus5) in the antibacterial immunity of mud crab Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:346-356. [PMID: 29462747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crustins, the main AMP family in Crustacea, are generated as isoforms in many species and implicated in innate immune responses, but their detailed molecular mechanisms on susceptible bacteria remain largely unclear. Type II and type I crustins are distinguished by glycine-rich region (GRR), which is a major marker motif, and some type II crustins exhibit stronger antibacterial activities than their GRR deletion mutants. In the present study, a novel crustin, namely, SpCrus5, was functionally characterized from a commercially valuable crab Scylla paramamosain. SpCrus5 contained a typical cysteine-rich domain at the N-terminus, a conserved WAP domain in the center, and a special GRR at the C-terminus, which is located in a site that differs from that of GRRs in typical type II crustins found between signal peptides and cysteine-rich domains. SpCrus5 shared high similarities with most type II crustins, and it was more closely related to type II crustins than to other retrieved crustins. SpCrus5 was predominantly expressed in gills and remarkably upregulated after the crabs were challenged with Vibrio parahemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting that SpCrus5 might participate in antibacterial immune responses. To further elucidate how this C-terminal GRR affects the function of SpCrus5, we harvested a GRR deletion mutant (SpCrus5-ΔGRR) by deleting the GRR. Liquid growth inhibition assays demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of SpCrus5 was stronger than that of SpCrus5-ΔGRR, and the antibacterial spectrum of the former toward Gram-negative bacteria was broader than that of the latter. Binding assays revealed that the microorganism-binding ability and polysaccharide-binding activity of SpCrus5 were stronger than those of SpCrus5-ΔGRR. SpCrus5 or SpCrus5-ΔGRR agglutinated all tested Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, the antibacterial activities of SpCrus5 were stronger and broader than those of SpCrus5-ΔGRR, and the binding ability and agglutination activity might contribute to the antimicrobial activity of SpCrus5. These results revealed that the C-terminal GRR was necessary to produce an efficient antibacterial activity of SpCrus5. SpCrus5 was highly identical with most type II crustins and it functioned as many type II crustins did, indicating that SpCrus5 was more likely an atypical type II crustin than a type I crustin. This study revealed that SpCrus5 participated as an essential antimicrobial effector in immune responses and provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the sequence and function diversity of crustins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hui Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yan-Qing Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Jian-Xue Lu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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22
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Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V, Visetnan S, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Charoensapsri W, Tang S. Shrimp humoral responses against pathogens: antimicrobial peptides and melanization. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:81-93. [PMID: 28501515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases have caused tremendous economic losses and become the major problem threatening the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture. The knowledge of host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens is essential for the implementation of efficient strategies to prevent disease outbreaks. Like other invertebrates, shrimp rely on the innate immune system to defend themselves against a range of microbes by recognizing and destroying them through cellular and humoral immune responses. Detection of microbial pathogens triggers the signal transduction pathways including the NF-κB signaling, Toll and Imd pathways, resulting in the activation of genes involved in host defense responses. In this review, we update the discovery of components of the Toll and Imd pathways in shrimp and their participation in the regulation of shrimp antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. We also focus on a recent progress on the two most powerful and the best-studied shrimp humoral responses: AMPs and melanization. Shrimp AMPs are mainly cationic peptides with sequence diversity which endues them the broad range of activities against microorganisms. Melanization, regulated by the prophenoloxidase activating cascade, also plays a crucial role in killing and sequestration of invading pathogens. The progress and emerging research on mechanisms and functional characterization of components of these two indispensable humoral responses in shrimp immunity are summarized and discussed. Interestingly, the pattern recognition protein (PRP) crosstalk is evidenced between the proPO activating cascade and the AMP synthesis pathways in shrimp, which enables the innate immune system to build up efficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Tang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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23
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Yang L, Niu S, Gao J, Zuo H, Yuan J, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A single WAP domain (SWD)-containing protein with antiviral activity from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:167-174. [PMID: 29247794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The single whey acidic protein (WAP) domain (SWD)-containing proteins, also called type III crustins, are a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in crustaceans. At present, a number of SWDs have been identified in shrimp, which showed essential antibacterial activities. However, the roles of SWDs in antiviral immune responses have not been reported up to now. In this study, a novel SWD (LvSWD3) was identified from Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, which contained a typical single WAP domain homologous to those of other crustacean SWDs. Although lacking the pro and arg-rich region between the signal peptide and the WAP domain, LvSWD3 was closely clustered with other shrimp SWDs in the phylogenetic tree. Similar to many shrimp SWDs, the highest expression of LvSWD3 was detected in hemocytes. The LvSWD3 expression exhibited only limited changes after challenges with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Poly (I:C) and lipopolysaccharide, but was significantly up-regulated after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Silencing of LvSWDs significantly accelerated the death of the WSSV-infected but not the V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp. The recombinant LvSWD3 protein did not show proteinase inhibitory and antibacterial activities but could significantly postpone the death of WSSV-infected shrimp and reduce the viral load in tissues. These suggested that LvSWD3 was a novel SWD with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengwen Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Guangzhou, PR China.
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24
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Specific Molecular Signatures for Type II Crustins in Penaeid Shrimp Uncovered by the Identification of Crustin-Like Antimicrobial Peptides in Litopenaeus vannamei. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16010031. [PMID: 29337853 PMCID: PMC5793079 DOI: 10.3390/md16010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustins form a large family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in crustaceans composed of four sub-groups (Types I-IV). Type II crustins (Type IIa or “Crustins” and Type IIb or “Crustin-like”) possess a typical hydrophobic N-terminal region and are by far the most representative sub-group found in penaeid shrimp. To gain insight into the molecular diversity of Type II crustins in penaeids, we identified and characterized a Type IIb crustin in Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustin-like Lv) and compared Type II crustins at both molecular and transcriptional levels. Although L. vannamei Type II crustins (Crustin Lv and Crustin-like Lv) are encoded by separate genes, they showed a similar tissue distribution (hemocytes and gills) and transcriptional response to the shrimp pathogens Vibrio harveyi and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). As Crustin Lv, Crustin-like Lv transcripts were found to be present early in development, suggesting a maternal contribution to shrimp progeny. Altogether, our in silico and transcriptional data allowed to conclude that (1) each sub-type displays a specific amino acid signature at the C-terminal end holding both the cysteine-rich region and the whey acidic protein (WAP) domain, and that (2) shrimp Type II crustins evolved from a common ancestral gene that conserved a similar pattern of transcriptional regulation.
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Sruthy KS, Nair A, Puthumana J, Antony SP, Singh ISB, Philip R. Molecular cloning, recombinant expression and functional characterization of an antimicrobial peptide, Crustin from the Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:83-94. [PMID: 28964865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise molecules that involve in the defense mechanism of various organisms towards pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Crustins are generally defined as multi-domain cationic antimicrobial peptides containing one whey acidic protein (WAP) domain at the C-terminus as the functional unit. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel crustin homolog (Fi-Crustin2) with 354 bp fragment cDNA encoding 117 amino acids and an ORF of 100 amino acids with a net charge of +1 from the mRNA of F. indicus haemocytes. This study forms the second report of a crustin isoform from F. indicus. Blast analysis revealed that Fi-crustin2 exhibits similarity to shrimp crustins already reported. The active mature peptide has a molecular weight of 10.61 kDa and pI of 7.59 with a beta sheeted structure. The mature peptide was cloned into pET-32a(+) with a N-terminal hexa-histidine tag fused in-frame, and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant crustin, Fi-crustin2 inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria with low MIC. All these features suggest that Fi-crustin2 is a potent antibacterial protein against Gram-negative bacteria and could play an important role in the innate immune mechanism of F. indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - J Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India.
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26
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Arayamethakorn S, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A, Krusong K. Characterization of molecular properties and regulatory pathways of CrustinPm1 and CrustinPm7 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:18-29. [PMID: 27815179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CrustinPm1 and crustinPm7 are the two most abundant isoforms of crustins identified from the hemocytes of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. CrustinPm1 inhibits only Gram-positive bacteria, while crustinPm7 acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This work aims to characterize the molecular properties of recombinant crustinPm1 and crustinPm7, and the regulatory pathways of these two crustins. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that crustinPm1 contained 40.81% alpha-helix and 22.34% beta-sheet, whereas crustinPm7 is made up of 32.86% alpha-helix and 27.53% beta-sheet. CrustinPm1 and crustinPm7 bound to phosphatidic acid (PA) with positive cooperativity of Hill slope (H) > 2, indicating that at least two molecules of crustins bind with one PA molecule. It is worth noting that both crustins bound to PA with significantly higher affinity than to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We speculate that crustin might also achieve antimicrobial activity by targeting PA, a signaling lipid. Regulatory pathways of crustinPm1 and crustinPm7 were investigated by knockdown of PmRelish and PmMyD88. This study demonstrated that crustinPm1 is mediated through the Toll signaling pathway, while crustinPm7 is regulated via both Toll and Imd pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopacha Arayamethakorn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Liu N, Zhang RR, Fan ZX, Zhao XF, Wang XW, Wang JX. Characterization of a type-I crustin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity from red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:145-153. [PMID: 27021077 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are a family of antimicrobial peptides mainly identified in crustaceans and characterized by a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain and an additional glycine-, cysteine-, or proline-rich region. In this study, we identified and characterized PcCru, a new crustin isolated from red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The open reading frame of PcCru was 333 base pairs long and encoded a 110-residue polypeptide, which contained a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich region, and a WAP domain. The architecture and phylogenetic analysis suggested that PcCru was a new member of the type-I crustin family. PcCru was highly expressed in hemocytes and was significantly induced by viral and bacterial stimulations at both the translational and transcriptional levels. The titer of PcCru in circulating plasma was also increased considerably by bacterial challenge. Recombinant PcCru from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems were generated, and the proteins exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, PcCru protected crayfish from infection by pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo. This study provided new information emphasizing the important role of the crustin family in the crustacean antibacterial immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhen-Xu Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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28
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Smith VJ, Dyrynda EA. Antimicrobial proteins: From old proteins, new tricks. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:383-98. [PMID: 26320628 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the main types of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) synthesised by crustaceans, primarily those identified in shrimp, crayfish, crab and lobster. It includes an overview of their range of microbicidal activities and the current landscape of our understanding of their gene expression patterns in different body tissues. It further summarises how their expression might change following various types of immune challenges. The review further considers proteins or protein fragments from crustaceans that have antimicrobial properties but are more usually associated with other biological functions, or are derived from such proteins. It discusses how these unconventional AMPs might be generated at, or delivered to, sites of infection and how they might contribute to crustacean host defence in vivo. It also highlights recent work that is starting to reveal the extent of multi-functionality displayed by some decapod AMPs, particularly their participation in other aspects of host protection. Examples of such activities include proteinase inhibition, phagocytosis, antiviral activity and haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Smith
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB Scotland, UK.
| | - Elisabeth A Dyrynda
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, UK
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29
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Sengprasert P, Amparyup P, Tassanakajorn A, Wongpanya R. Characterization and identification of calmodulin and calmodulin binding proteins in hemocyte of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:87-97. [PMID: 25681078 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) sensor in all eukaryotic cells, is one of the well-known signaling proteins. Previously, CaM gene has shown a high transcriptional level in hemocyte of the pathogen infected shrimp, suggesting that shrimp CaM does not only regulate Ca(2+) metabolism, but is also involved in immune response cascade. In the present study, the CaM gene of shrimp Penaeus monodon was identified and the recombinant P.monodon CaM (rPmCaM) was produced and biochemically characterized. The identification of CaM-binding proteins was also performed. The PmCaM cDNA consisted of an open reading frame of 447 bp encoding for 149 amino acid residues with a calculated mass of 16,810 Da and an isoelectric point of 4.09. Tissue distribution showed that the PmCaM transcript was expressed in all examined tissues. The results of gel mobility shift assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy all confirmed that the conformational changes of the rPmCaM were observed after the calcium binding. According to the gene silencing of PmCaM transcript levels, the shrimp's susceptibility to pathogenic Vibrio harveyi infection increased in comparison with that of the control groups. Protein pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed to identify rPmCaM-binding proteins involved in shrimp immune responses and transglutaminase, elongation factor 1-alpha, elongation factor 2 and actin were found. However, by computational analysis, only the first three proteins contained CaM-binding domain. These findings suggested that PmCaM may play an important role in regulation of shrimp immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjana Sengprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajorn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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