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Wang L, Wang S, Zheng W, Yang B, Yang Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Li X, Hu Y, Du J, Qin W, Lu J, Chen N. Altered Brain Function in Pediatric Patients With Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:304-313. [PMID: 37800893 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to the spinal cord of children may cause potential brain reorganizations, affecting their rehabilitation. However, the specific functional alterations of children after complete spinal cord injury (CSCI) remain unclear. PURPOSE To explore the specific functional changes in local brain and the relationship with clinical characteristics in pediatric CSCI patients, clarifying the impact of CSCI on brain function in developing children. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty pediatric CSCI patients (7.83 ± 1.206 years) and 30 age-, gender-matched healthy children as controls (HCs) (8.77 ± 2.079 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) using echo-planar-imaging (EPI) sequence. ASSESSMENT Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to characterize regional neural function. STATISTICAL TESTS Two-sample t-tests were used to compare the ALFF, fALFF, ReHo values of the brain between pediatric CSCI and HCs (voxel-level FWE correction, P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to analyze the associations between the ALFF, fALFF, ReHo values in altered regions and the injury duration, sensory motor scores of pediatric CSCI patients (P < 0.05). Then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to identify possible sensitive imaging indicators for clinical therapy. RESULTS Compared with HCs, pediatric CSCI showed significantly decreased ALFF in the right postcentral gyrus (S1), orbitofrontal cortex, and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), increased ALFF in bilateral caudate nucleus, thalamus, middle cingulate gyrus, and cerebellar lobules IV-VI, and increased ReHo in left cerebellum Crus II and Brodmann area 21. The ALFF value in the right S1 negatively correlated with the pinprick and light touch sensory scores of pediatric CSCI. When the left STG was used as an imaging biomarker for pediatric CSCI, it achieved the highest area under the curve of 0.989. CONCLUSIONS These findings may provide potential neural mechanisms for sensory motor and cognitive-emotional deficits in children after CSCI. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Beining Yang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Radiology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jubao Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
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Hodgdon EA, Anderson R, Azzawi HA, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP, Solis I, Greve DN, Stephen JM, Ciesielski KTR. MRI morphometry of the anterior and posterior cerebellar vermis and its relationship to sensorimotor and cognitive functions in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101385. [PMID: 38713999 PMCID: PMC11096723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human cerebellum emerges as a posterior brain structure integrating neural networks for sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processing across the lifespan. Developmental studies of the cerebellar anatomy and function are scant. We examine age-dependent MRI morphometry of the anterior cerebellar vermis, lobules I-V and posterior neocortical lobules VI-VII and their relationship to sensorimotor and cognitive functions. METHODS Typically developing children (TDC; n=38; age 9-15) and healthy adults (HAC; n=31; 18-40) participated in high-resolution MRI. Rigorous anatomically informed morphometry of the vermis lobules I-V and VI-VII and total brain volume (TBV) employed manual segmentation computer-assisted FreeSurfer Image Analysis Program [http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu]. The neuropsychological scores (WASI-II) were normalized and related to volumes of anterior, posterior vermis, and TBV. RESULTS TBVs were age independent. Volumes of I-V and VI-VII were significantly reduced in TDC. The ratio of VI-VII to I-V (∼60%) was stable across age-groups; I-V correlated with visual-spatial-motor skills; VI-VII with verbal, visual-abstract and FSIQ. CONCLUSIONS In TDC neither anterior I-V nor posterior VI-VII vermis attained adult volumes. The "inverted U" developmental trajectory of gray matter peaking in adolescence does not explain this finding. The hypothesis of protracted development of oligodendrocyte/myelination is suggested as a contributor to TDC's lower cerebellar vermis volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hodgdon
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ryan Anderson
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hussein Al Azzawi
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute of Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 14090 Mother Teresa Lane, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd N.E., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Isabel Solis
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- MGH/MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd N.E., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kristina T R Ciesielski
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; MGH/MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Liu J, Armstrong K, Rogers B, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Cerebellar Effects on Abnormal Psychomotor Function Are Mediated by Processing Speed in Psychosis Spectrum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1215-1220. [PMID: 37540311 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychomotor disturbance has been identified as a key feature of psychotic disorders, with motor signs observed in upwards of 66% of unmedicated, first-episode patients. Aberrations in the cerebellum have been directly linked to sensorimotor processing deficits including processing speed, which may underly psychomotor disturbance in psychosis, though these brain-behavior-symptom relationships are unclear, in part due to within-diagnosis heterogeneity across these levels of analysis. In 339 psychosis patients (242 schizophrenia-spectrum, 97 bipolar with psychotic features) and 217 controls, we evaluated the relationship between cerebellar grey matter volume in the Yeo sensorimotor network and psychomotor disturbance (mannerisms and posturing, retardation, excitement of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]), as mediated by processing speed (assessed via the SCIP). Models included intracranial volume, age, sex, and chlorpromazine equivalents as covariates. We observed significant mediation by processing speed, with a small positive effect of the cerebellum on processing speed (ß = 0.172, p = 0.029, d = 0.24) and a medium negative effect of processing speed on psychomotor disturbance (ß = -0.254, p < 0.001, d = 0.60), with acceptable specificity and sensitivity suggesting this model is robust against unmeasured confounding. The current findings suggest a critical role of cerebellar circuitry in a well-established sensorimotor aberration in psychosis (processing speed) and the presentation of related psychomotor phenotypes within psychosis. Establishing such relationships is critical for intervention research, such as TMS. Future work will employ more dimensional measures of psychomotor disturbance and cognitive processes to capture normative and aberrant brain-behavior-symptom relationships and may also determine the magnitude of these relationships within subtypes of psychosis (e.g., disorganized behavior, catatonia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Baxter Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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Li L, Liu Y, Shu Y, Liu X, Song Y, Long T, Li K, Xie W, Zeng Y, Zeng L, Huang L, Liu Y, Deng Y, Li H, Peng D. Altered functional connectivity of cerebellar subregions in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A resting-state fMRI study. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:999-1012. [PMID: 38671339 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated impaired cerebellar function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is associated with impaired cognition. However, the effects of OSA on resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in the cerebellum has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate resting-state FC of the cerebellar subregions and its relevance to clinical symptoms in patients with OSA. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with OSA and seventy-two healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Eight subregions of the cerebellum were selected as regions of interest, and the FC values were calculated for each subregion with other voxels. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between clinical and cognitive data. RESULTS Patients with OSA showed higher FC in specific regions, including the right lobule VI with the right posterior middle temporal gyrus and right angular gyrus, the right Crus I with the bilateral precuneus/left superior parietal lobule, and the right Crus II with the precuneus/right posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, the oxygen depletion index was negatively correlated with aberrant FC between the right Crus II and the bilateral precuneus / right posterior cingulate cortex in OSA patients (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The cerebellum is functionally lateralized and closely linked to the posterior default mode network. Higher FC is related to cognition, emotion, language, and sleep in OSA. Abnormal FC may offer new neuroimaging evidence and insights for a deeper comprehension of OSA-related alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Radiology, Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Shu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yucheng Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kunyao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaping Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingke Deng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Nanchang Province, China.
| | - Dechang Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Nanchang Province, China.
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Klaus J, Stoodley CJ, Schutter DJLG. Neurodevelopmental trajectories of cerebellar grey matter associated with verbal abilities in males with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101379. [PMID: 38615557 PMCID: PMC11026694 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition frequently associated with structural cerebellar abnormalities. Whether cerebellar grey matter volumes (GMV) are linked to verbal impairments remains controversial. Here, the association between cerebellar GMV and verbal abilities in ASD was examined across the lifespan. Lobular segmentation of the cerebellum was performed on structural MRI scans from the ABIDE I dataset in male individuals with ASD (N=144, age: 8.5-64.0 years) and neurotypical controls (N=188; age: 8.0-56.2 years). Stepwise linear mixed effects modeling including group (ASD vs. neurotypical controls), lobule-wise GMV, and age was performed to identify cerebellar lobules which best predicted verbal abilities as measured by verbal IQ (VIQ). An age-specific association between VIQ and GMV of bilateral Crus II was found in ASD relative to neurotypical controls. In children with ASD, higher VIQ was associated with larger GMV of left Crus II but smaller GMV of right Crus II. By contrast, in adults with ASD, higher VIQ was associated with smaller GMV of left Crus II and larger GMV of right Crus II. These findings indicate that relative to the contralateral hemisphere, an initial reliance on the language-nonspecific left cerebellar hemisphere is offset by more typical right-lateralization in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Rice LC, Rochowiak RN, Plotkin MR, Rosch KS, Mostofsky SH, Crocetti D. Sex Differences and Behavioral Associations with Typically Developing Pediatric Regional Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:589-600. [PMID: 37382829 PMCID: PMC10986327 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum contributes to motor and higher-order control throughout neurodevelopment, with marked growth during childhood. Few studies have investigated differential associations of cerebellar morphometry with function in males and females. The present study examines sex differences in regional cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV) and the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between GMV and motor, cognitive, and emotional functions in a large cohort of typically developing (TD) children. Participants included 371 TD children (123 females, age 8-12 years). A convolutional neural network-based approach was employed for cerebellar parcellation. Volumes were harmonized using ComBat to adjust for hardware-induced variations. Regression analyses examined the effect of sex on GMV and whether sex moderated the relationship between GMV and motor, cognitive, and emotional functions. Males showed larger GMV in right lobules I-V, bilateral lobules VI, crus II/VIIb, and VIII, left lobule X, and vermis regions I-V and VIII-X. Greater motor function correlated with less vermis VI-VII GMV in females. Greater cognitive function correlated with greater left lobule VI GMV in females and less left lobule VI GMV in males. Finally, greater internalizing symptoms correlated with greater bilateral lobule IX GMV in females but less in males. These findings reveal sexually dimorphic patterns of cerebellar structure and associations with motor, cognitive, and emotional functions. Males generally show larger GMV than females. Larger GMV was associated with better cognitive functioning for females and better motor/emotional functioning for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Rice
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca N Rochowiak
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Micah R Plotkin
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri S Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neuropsychology Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Matuska E, Carney A, Sepeta LN, Zelleke T, Pasupuleti A, Berl MM. Clinical Validation of Selected NIH Cognitive Toolbox Tasks in Pediatric Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109684. [PMID: 38401414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is designed to assess cognitive functioning across the lifespan. We aimed to evaluate the clinical validity of two NIHTB-CB tasks as cognitive screening tools in pediatric epilepsy by comparing them to standard neuropsychological measures and their association with epilepsy characteristics. Forty-seven patients with epilepsy ages 5-18, including ten repeat evaluations, were assessed. Correlational analyses and agreement statistics were conducted to validate NIHTB-CB tasks (Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention test (Flanker) and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed test (Pattern Comparison)) with standard clinical measures. We also examined if performance was related to epilepsy characteristics, including polytherapy, age of seizure onset, seizure type, and history of Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES). The NIHTB-CB tests had moderate to strong correlations with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, processing speed, and intelligence. Agreement statistics indicated better sensitivity than specificity. Polytherapy and later age of seizure onset were associated with lower performance on Pattern Comparison. ESES patients did not significantly differ in performance on the tests compared to non-ESES patients. Pilot data from a subset of repeated measures indicated a good range of change scores. These two NIHTB tasks are feasible as a screening tool in a clinic given their correlation with clinical measures that assess executive function, processing speed, and IQ. This study supports the use of these tasks as brief, easily accessible screener tools to identify cognitive dysfunction in domains commonly impacted in patients with epilepsy and potential use for monitoring over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leigh N Sepeta
- Children's National Hospital, United States; National Institutes of Health, United States.
| | | | | | - Madison M Berl
- Children's National Hospital, United States; George Washington University, United States.
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Kopal J, Kumar K, Shafighi K, Saltoun K, Modenato C, Moreau CA, Huguet G, Jean-Louis M, Martin CO, Saci Z, Younis N, Douard E, Jizi K, Beauchamp-Chatel A, Kushan L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Andreassen OA, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Zatorre R, Jacquemont S, Bzdok D. Using rare genetic mutations to revisit structural brain asymmetry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2639. [PMID: 38531844 PMCID: PMC10966068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetry between the left and right hemisphere is a key feature of brain organization. Hemispheric functional specialization underlies some of the most advanced human-defining cognitive operations, such as articulated language, perspective taking, or rapid detection of facial cues. Yet, genetic investigations into brain asymmetry have mostly relied on common variants, which typically exert small effects on brain-related phenotypes. Here, we leverage rare genomic deletions and duplications to study how genetic alterations reverberate in human brain and behavior. We designed a pattern-learning approach to dissect the impact of eight high-effect-size copy number variations (CNVs) on brain asymmetry in a multi-site cohort of 552 CNV carriers and 290 non-carriers. Isolated multivariate brain asymmetry patterns spotlighted regions typically thought to subserve lateralized functions, including language, hearing, as well as visual, face and word recognition. Planum temporale asymmetry emerged as especially susceptible to deletions and duplications of specific gene sets. Targeted analysis of common variants through genome-wide association study (GWAS) consolidated partly diverging genetic influences on the right versus left planum temporale structure. In conclusion, our gene-brain-behavior data fusion highlights the consequences of genetically controlled brain lateralization on uniquely human cognitive capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kopal
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimia Shafighi
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karin Saltoun
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Zohra Saci
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khadije Jizi
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Beauchamp-Chatel
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ana I Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert Zatorre
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
- TheNeuro - Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- TheNeuro - Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Langensee L, Spotorno N, Mårtensson J. Beyond the language network: Associations between reading, receptive vocabulary, and grey matter volume in 10-year-olds. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108719. [PMID: 37939873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Most research on the neurostructural basis of language abilities in children stems from small samples and surface-based measures. To complement and expand the existent knowledge, we investigated associations between grey matter volume and language performance in a large sample of 9-to-11-year-old children, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1865) and an alternative measure of grey matter morphology. We estimated whole-brain grey matter volume for one half of the sample (N = 939) and tested for correlations with scores on a picture vocabulary and a letter and word reading test, with and without factoring in general intelligence and total grey matter volume as additional covariates. The initial analyses yielded correlations between grey matter in the right occipital fusiform gyrus, the right lingual gyrus, and the cerebellum for both vocabulary and reading. Employing the significant clusters from the first analyses as regions of interest in the second half of the cohort (N = 926) in correlational and multiple regression analyses suggests the cluster in the right occipital fusiform and lingual gyri to be most robust. Overall, the amount of variance explained by grey matter volume is limited and factoring in additional covariates paints an inconsistent picture. The present findings reinforce existent doubt with respect to explaining individual differences in reading and vocabulary performance based on unique contributions of macrostructural brain features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Langensee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Nicola Spotorno
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Martins M, Reis AM, Gaser C, Castro SL. Individual differences in rhythm perception modulate music-related motor learning: a neurobehavioral training study with children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21552. [PMID: 38057419 PMCID: PMC10700636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythm and motor function are intrinsically linked to each other and to music, but the rhythm-motor interplay during music training, and the corresponding brain mechanisms, are underexplored. In a longitudinal training study with children, we examined the role of rhythm predisposition in the fine motor improvements arising from music training, and which brain regions would be implicated. Fifty-seven 8-year-olds were assigned to either a 6-month music training (n = 21), sports training (n = 18), or a control group (n = 18). They performed rhythm and motor tasks, and structural brain scans before and after training were collected. Better ability to perceive rhythm before training was related to less gray matter volume in regions of the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, ventral diencephalon, amygdala, and inferior/middle temporal gyri. Music training improved motor performance, and greater improvements correlated with better pre-training rhythm discrimination. Music training also induced a loss of gray matter volume in the left cerebellum and fusiform gyrus, and volume loss correlated with higher motor gains. No such effects were found in the sports and control groups. In summary, children with finer-tuned rhythm perception abilities were prone to finer motor improvements through music training, and this rhythm-motor link was to some extent subserved by the left cerebellum and fusiform gyrus. These findings have implications for models on music-related plasticity and rhythm cognition, and for programs targeting motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - São Luís Castro
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Salans M, Karunamuni R, Unnikrishnan S, Qian A, Connor M, Gudipati S, Yip A, Huynh-Le MP, Tibbs M, Reyes A, Stasenko A, Schadler A, McDonald C, Hattangadi-Gluth JA. Microstructural Cerebellar Injury Independently Associated With Processing Speed in Adult Patients With Primary Brain Tumors: Implications for Cognitive Preservation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:1107-1117. [PMID: 37414262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cerebellum's role in posttreatment neurocognitive decline is unexplored. This study investigated associations between cerebellar microstructural integrity using quantitative neuroimaging biomarkers and neurocognition among patients with primary brain tumors receiving partial-brain radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS In a prospective trial, 65 patients underwent volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and memory, executive function, language, attention, and processing speed (PS) assessment before RT and at 3, 6, and 12 months after RT. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System-Trail Making (D-KEFS-TM) visual scanning and number and letter sequencing and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, coding were used to evaluate PS. The cerebellar cortex and white matter (WM) and supratentorial structures subserving the previously mentioned cognitive domains were autosegmented. Volume was measured within each structure at each time point along with diffusion biomarkers (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) in WM structures. Linear mixed-effects models assessed cerebellar biomarkers as predictors of neurocognitive scores. If associated, cerebellar biomarkers were evaluated as independent predictors of cognitive scores controlling for domain-specific supratentorial biomarkers. RESULTS Left (P = .04) and right (P < .001) cerebellar WM volume declined significantly over time. Cerebellar biomarkers were not associated with memory, executive function, or language. Smaller left cerebellar cortex volume was associated with worse D-KEFS-TM number (P = .01) and letter (P = .01) sequencing scores. A smaller right cerebellar cortex volume correlated with worse D-KEFS-TM visual scanning (P = .02) and number (P = .03) and letter (P = .02) sequencing scores. Greater right cerebellar WM mean diffusivity, indicating WM injury, was associated with worse D-KEFS-TM visual scanning performance (P = .03). Associations remained significant after controlling for corpus callosum and intrahemispheric WM injury biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Injury to the cerebellum as measured with quantitative biomarkers correlates with worse post-RT PS, independent of corpus callosum and intrahemispheric WM damage. Efforts to preserve cerebellar integrity may preserve PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Salans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Soumya Unnikrishnan
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alexander Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Michael Connor
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Suma Gudipati
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Anthony Yip
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | | | - Michelle Tibbs
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Anny Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Adam Schadler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Carrie McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California.
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12
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Naef N, Hottinger SJ, Schlosser L, Greutmann M, Latal B, O'Gorman RT. Association of cerebellar volume with cognitive and motor function in adults with congenital heart disease. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3979-3987. [PMID: 37351678 PMCID: PMC10570150 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive and motor function impairments, brain injury, and smaller total brain volumes. The specific vulnerability of the cerebellum and its role in cognitive and motor functions in adults with congenital heart disease is not well defined. METHODS Forty-three patients with CHD and 53 controls between 18 and 32 years underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive, executive (EF), and motor function assessment. Cerebellar volumes were obtained using EasyMeasure and SUIT Toolbox. Associations between cerebellar volumes and cognitive and motor function were calculated using linear models. RESULTS General cognitive and pure motor functions were lower in patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). Executive functions were within the normal range. While total cerebellar volumes and the anterior lobes were similar in patients and controls (P > 0.1), the posterior cerebellar lobe was smaller in patients with more complex CHD (P = 0.006). Smaller posterior cerebellar gray matter was not associated with cognitive functions. Smaller anterior cerebellar gray matter was not significantly related to motor functions (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION In adults with CHD, cerebellar volume was largely unimpaired. Patients with more complex CHD may be vulnerable to changes in the posterior cerebellar gray matter. We found no significant contribution of cerebellar gray matter to cognitive and motor impairments. More advanced imaging techniques are necessary to clarify the contribution of the cerebellum to cognitive and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Naef
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Selma J Hottinger
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Ladina Schlosser
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Greutmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Tuura O'Gorman
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
- MR Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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13
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Ashburn SM, Lynn Flowers D, Eden GF. A comparison of functional activation and connectivity of the cerebellum in adults and children during single word processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 246:105346. [PMID: 37994829 PMCID: PMC10722870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses on reading show cerebellar activation in adults, but not children, suggesting a possible age-dependent role of the cerebellum in reading. However, the few studies that compare adults and children during reading report mixed cerebellar activation results. Here, we studied (i) cerebellar activation during implicit word processing in adults and children and (ii) functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellum and left cortical regions involved in reading. First, both groups activated bilateral cerebellum for word processing when compared to fixation, but not when compared to the active control. There were no differences between adults and children. Second, we found intrinsic FC between several cerebellar seed regions and cortical target regions in adults and children, as well as between-group differences. However, task-modulated FC specific to word processing revealed no within- nor between-group results. Together this study does not provide support for a role of the cerebellum in word processing at either age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikoya M Ashburn
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - D Lynn Flowers
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Guinevere F Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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14
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Schneider N, Hartweg M, O’Regan J, Beauchemin J, Redman L, Hsia DS, Steiner P, Carmichael O, D’Sa V, Deoni S. Impact of a Nutrient Formulation on Longitudinal Myelination, Cognition, and Behavior from Birth to 2 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4439. [PMID: 37892514 PMCID: PMC10610069 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Observation studies suggest differences in myelination in relation to differences in early life nutrition. This two-center randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of a 12-month nutritional intervention on longitudinal changes in myelination, cognition, and behavior. Eighty-one full-term, neurotypical infants were randomized into an investigational (N = 42) or a control group (N = 39), receiving higher versus lower levels of a blend of nutrients. Non-randomized breastfed infants (N = 108) served as a reference group. Main outcomes were myelination (MRI), neurodevelopment (Bayley-III), social-emotional development (ASQ:SE-2), infant and toddler behavior (IBQ-R and TBAQ), and infant sleep (BISQ) during the first 2 years of life. The full analysis set comprised N = 67 infants from the randomized groups, with 81 myelin-sensitive MRI sequences. Significantly higher myelination was observed in the investigational compared to the control group at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of life, as well as significantly higher gray matter volume at 24 months, a reduced number of night awakenings at 6 months, increased day sleep at 12 months, and reduced social fearfulness at 24 months. The results suggest that brain development may be modifiable with brain- and age-relevant nutritional approaches in healthy infants and young children, which may be foundational for later learning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Hartweg
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan O’Regan
- Nestlé Development Centre Nutrition, Askeaton, Co., RH6 0PA Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Beauchemin
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Leanne Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Daniel S. Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Pascal Steiner
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (O.C.)
| | - Viren D’Sa
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Spinn Neuroscience, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
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15
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Zhao G, Zhang H, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen R, Liu N, Men W, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, He Y, Dong Q, Tao S. Reduced volume of the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and its increased connectivity within the cerebellum predict more general psychopathology one year later via worse cognitive flexibility in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101296. [PMID: 37690374 PMCID: PMC10507200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the risk for general psychopathology (the p factor) requires the examination of multiple factors ranging from brain to cognitive skills. While an increasing number of findings have reported the roles of the cerebral cortex and executive functions, it is much less clear whether and how the cerebellum and cognitive flexibility (a core component of executive function) may be associated with the risk for general psychopathology. Based on the data from more than 400 children aged 6-12 in the Children School Functions and Brain Development (CBD) Project, this study examined whether the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and its connectivity within the cerebellum may prospectively predict the risk for general psychopathology one year later and whether cognitive flexibility may mediate such predictions in school-age children. The reduced gray matter volume in the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and the increased connectivity of this region to the left cerebellar lobule VI prospectively predicted the risk for general psychopathology and was partially mediated by worse cognitive flexibility. Deficits in cognitive flexibility may play an important role in linking cerebellar structure and function to the risk for general psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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16
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Jellinger KA. Mild cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: a brain network disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1231-1240. [PMID: 37581647 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI), previously considered as a non-supporting feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA), according to the second consensus criteria, is not uncommon in this neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically characterized by a variable combination of autonomic failure, levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism, motor and cerebellar signs. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a risk factor for dementia, has been reported in up to 44% of MSA patients, with predominant impairment of executive functions/attention, visuospatial and verbal deficits, and a variety of non-cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Despite changing concept of CI in this synucleinopathy, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain controversial. Recent neuroimaging studies revealed volume reduction in the left temporal gyrus, and in the dopaminergic nucleus accumbens, while other morphometric studies did not find any gray matter atrophy, in particular in the frontal cortex. Functional analyses detected decreased functional connectivity in the left parietal lobe, bilateral cuneus, left precuneus, limbic structures, and cerebello-cerebral circuit, suggesting that structural and functional changes in the subcortical limbic structures and disrupted cerebello-cerebral networks may be associated with early cognitive decline in MSA. Whereas moderate to severe CI in MSA in addition to prefrontal-striatal degeneration is frequently associated with cortical Alzheimer and Lewy co-pathologies, neuropathological studies of the MCI stage of MSA are unfortunately not available. In view of the limited structural and functional findings in MSA cases with MCI, further neuroimaging and neuropathological studies are warranted in order to better elucidate its pathophysiological mechanisms and to develop validated biomarkers as basis for early diagnosis and future adequate treatment modalities in order to prevent progression of this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Borges MS, Hoffmann MS, Simioni A, Axelrud LK, Teixeira DS, Zugman A, Jackowski A, Pan PM, Bressan RA, Parker N, Germann J, Bado PP, Satterthwaite TD, Milham MP, Chakravarty MM, Paim Rohde LA, Constantino Miguel E, Paus T, Salum GA. Deviations from a typical development of the cerebellum in youth are associated with psychopathology, executive functions and educational outcomes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5698-5708. [PMID: 36226568 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding deviations from typical brain development is a promising approach to comprehend pathophysiology in childhood and adolescence. We investigated if cerebellar volumes different than expected for age and sex could predict psychopathology, executive functions and academic achievement. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions had their cerebellar volume estimated using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates from T1-weighted images at baseline (n = 677) and at 3-year follow-up (n = 447). Outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and standardized measures of executive functions and school achievement. Models of typically developing cerebellum were based on a subsample not exposed to risk factors and without mental-health conditions (n = 216). Deviations from this model were constructed for the remaining individuals (n = 461) and standardized variation from age and sex trajectory model was used to predict outcomes in cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediation analyses. RESULTS Cerebellar volumes higher than expected for age and sex were associated with lower externalizing specific factor and higher executive functions. In a longitudinal analysis, deviations from typical development at baseline predicted inhibitory control at follow-up, and cerebellar deviation changes from baseline to follow-up predicted changes in reading and writing abilities. The association between deviations in cerebellar volume and academic achievement was mediated by inhibitory control. CONCLUSIONS Deviations in the cerebellar typical development are associated with outcomes in youth that have long-lasting consequences. This study highlights both the potential of typical developing models and the important role of the cerebellum in mental health, cognition and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Borges
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Hoffmann
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - André Simioni
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza K Axelrud
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Zugman
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jackowski
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jurgen Germann
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrícia P Bado
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
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18
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Ramezani M, Behzadipour S, Fawcett AJ, Joghataei MT. Verbal Working Memory-Balance program training alters the left fusiform gyrus resting-state functional connectivity: A randomized clinical trial study on children with dyslexia. DYSLEXIA (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:264-285. [PMID: 37337459 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient activation of the left fusiform gyrus is important in reading ability acquisition due to its role in reading and naming, working memory (WM), and balance tasks. Recently, a newly-designed training program, Verbal Working Memory-Balance (VWM-B), has been evaluated on children with dyslexia, and its positive effects were shown on reading ability, WM capacity, and postural control. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the functional connectivity alterations of the left fusiform gyrus following training by the VWM-B. Before and after 15 sessions of training, the fMRI and other tools data were collected on a sample of children with dyslexia, who were allocated into two control and experiment groups. Data analyses showed the increased functional connectivity of the left fusiform gyrus between the left anterior temporal fusiform cortex, left and right Crus II regions of the cerebellum, and the left middle frontal gyrus. Moreover, VWM-B training significantly improved the reading and naming ability, WM capacity, and postural control of participants in the experiment group in comparison to the control. The current study findings emphasize the critical role of the left fusiform gyrus in reading ability. Moreover, it provides evidence to support the existence of cerebellar deficits in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Behzadipour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Djawad Movafaghian Research Center in Neuro-rehabilitation Technologies, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Kopal J, Kumar K, Shafighi K, Saltoun K, Modenato C, Moreau CA, Huguet G, Jean-Louis M, Martin CO, Saci Z, Younis N, Douard E, Jizi K, Beauchamp-Chatel A, Kushan L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Andreassen OA, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Zatorre R, Jacquemont S, Bzdok D. Using rare genetic mutations to revisit structural brain asymmetry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537199. [PMID: 37131672 PMCID: PMC10153125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry between the left and right brain is a key feature of brain organization. Hemispheric functional specialization underlies some of the most advanced human-defining cognitive operations, such as articulated language, perspective taking, or rapid detection of facial cues. Yet, genetic investigations into brain asymmetry have mostly relied on common variant studies, which typically exert small effects on brain phenotypes. Here, we leverage rare genomic deletions and duplications to study how genetic alterations reverberate in human brain and behavior. We quantitatively dissected the impact of eight high-effect-size copy number variations (CNVs) on brain asymmetry in a multi-site cohort of 552 CNV carriers and 290 non-carriers. Isolated multivariate brain asymmetry patterns spotlighted regions typically thought to subserve lateralized functions, including language, hearing, as well as visual, face and word recognition. Planum temporale asymmetry emerged as especially susceptible to deletions and duplications of specific gene sets. Targeted analysis of common variants through genome-wide association study (GWAS) consolidated partly diverging genetic influences on the right versus left planum temporale structure. In conclusion, our gene-brain-behavior mapping highlights the consequences of genetically controlled brain lateralization on human-defining cognitive traits.
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20
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Lee MM, Drury BC, McGrath LM, Stoodley CJ. Shared grey matter correlates of reading and attention. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 237:105230. [PMID: 36731345 PMCID: PMC10153583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of reading (developmental dyslexia) and attention (ADHD) have a high rate of comorbidity (25-40%), yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon. The current study investigated the shared and unique neural correlates of reading and attention in 330 typically developing children ages 8-18 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify regions of the brain where grey matter (GM) volume was associated with reading or attention scores (p < 0.001, cluster FDR p < 0.05). Better attention scores correlated with increased GM in the precuneus and higher reading scores were associated with greater thalamic GM. An exploratory conjunction analysis (p < 0.05, k > 239) found that GM in the caudate and precuneus correlated with both reading and attention scores. These results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis which identified GM reductions in the caudate in both dyslexia and ADHD and reveal potential shared neural correlates of reading and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Lee
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | - Brianne C Drury
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States.
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21
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Sun F, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yan J, Chen Y. Relationship between gray matter structure and age in children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1039590. [PMID: 36684838 PMCID: PMC9853167 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1039590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the difference in the relationship between gray matter structure and age in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) subjects. Methods After screening T1 structural images from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database, 111 children and adolescents (7-18 years old) with high-functioning ASD and 151 TD subjects matched for age, sex and full IQ were included in the current study. By using the voxel-based morphological analysis method, gray matter volume/density (GMV/GMD) maps were obtained for each participant. Then, a multiple regression analysis was performed for ASD and TD groups, respectively to estimate the relationship between GMV/GMD and age with gender, education, site, and IQ scores as covariates. Furthermore, a z-test was used to compare such relationship difference between the groups. Results Results showed that compared with TD, the GMD of ASD showed stronger positive correlations with age in the prefrontal cortex, and a stronger negative correlation in the left inferior parietal lobule, and a weaker positive correlation in the right inferior parietal lobule. The GMV of ASD displayed stronger positive correlations with age in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion These findings may provide evidence to support that the brain structure abnormalities underlying ASD during childhood and adolescence may differ from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Sun
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yingwen Huang
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yihong Chen,
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22
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Ribeiro S, Sherrard RM. Cerebellum and neurodevelopmental disorders: RORα is a unifying force. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1108339. [PMID: 37066074 PMCID: PMC10098020 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Errors of cerebellar development are increasingly acknowledged as risk factors for neuro-developmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Evidence has been assembled from cerebellar abnormalities in autistic patients, as well as a range of genetic mutations identified in human patients that affect the cerebellar circuit, particularly Purkinje cells, and are associated with deficits of motor function, learning and social behavior; traits that are commonly associated with autism and schizophrenia. However, NDDs, such as ASD and schizophrenia, also include systemic abnormalities, e.g., chronic inflammation, abnormal circadian rhythms etc., which cannot be explained by lesions that only affect the cerebellum. Here we bring together phenotypic, circuit and structural evidence supporting the contribution of cerebellar dysfunction in NDDs and propose that the transcription factor Retinoid-related Orphan Receptor alpha (RORα) provides the missing link underlying both cerebellar and systemic abnormalities observed in NDDs. We present the role of RORα in cerebellar development and how the abnormalities that occur due to RORα deficiency could explain NDD symptoms. We then focus on how RORα is linked to NDDs, particularly ASD and schizophrenia, and how its diverse extra-cerebral actions can explain the systemic components of these diseases. Finally, we discuss how RORα-deficiency is likely a driving force for NDDs through its induction of cerebellar developmental defects, which in turn affect downstream targets, and its regulation of extracerebral systems, such as inflammation, circadian rhythms, and sexual dimorphism.
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23
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Starowicz-Filip A, Bętkowska-Korpała B, Yablonska T, Kwiatkowski S, Milczarek O, Klasa Ł, Chrobak AA. Involvement of the cerebellum in the regulation of executive functions in children—Preliminary analysis based on a neuropsychological study of children after cerebellar tumour surgery. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961577. [PMID: 36275206 PMCID: PMC9583864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Preliminary assessment of executive functions in children with cerebellar lesions, description of their emotional-social functioning and selection of sensitive neuropsychological tools to detect the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). Materials and methods The study group consisted of 10 children after cerebellar tumour surgery. The control group consisted of 10 healthy children, matched for age and sex: The IDS-2 executive functions battery, the Conners 3 ADHD questionnaire, the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) were used. Results Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of two dimensions of executive functioning. Children from experimental group was characterised by worse planning and divided attention than healthy controls. Moreover children with cerebellar lesions were characterised by significantly higher levels of some behaviours similar to that observed in autism spectrum disorders, namely difficulties in social relationships, self-regulation of emotions, attention, and greater behavioural rigidity. Test power analysis and estimation of the effect size by the Cohen’s d coefficient indicated that with a slight increase in the size of the experimental group, the probability of detecting statistically significant difference in the executive functions total measure score as well as in several ASRS subscales increased, but not in Conners 3 subscales. Conclusions Cerebellar damage may pose a risk for dysexecutive syndrome and social-emotional problems in children. The IDS-2 executive functions battery and the ASRS test are sufficiently sensitive tools to assess elements of the CCAS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Starowicz-Filip,
| | - Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tetiana Yablonska
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Klasa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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24
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Lv M, Yang X, Zhou X, Chen J, Wei H, Du D, Lin H, Xia J. Gray matter volume of cerebellum associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A cross-sectional analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922199. [PMID: 36158963 PMCID: PMC9489844 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus's (iNPH) clinical symptoms remains unclear. The cerebral cortex is the center of the brain and provides a structural basis for complex perception and motor function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between changes in cerebral cortex volume and clinical symptoms in patients with iNPH. This study included 21 iNPH patients and 20 normal aging (NA) controls. Voxel-based morphometry statistical results showed that, compared with NA, the gray matter volumes of patients with iNPH in the bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral thalamus, bilateral insula, left amygdala, right lenticular nucleus, right putamen, and cerebellum decreased, while the volumes of gray matter in the bilateral paracentral lobules, precuneus, bilateral supplementary motor area, medial side of the left cerebral hemisphere, and median cingulate and paracingulate gyri increased. Correlation analysis among the volumes of white matter and gray matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum and the iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) revealed that the volume of white matter was negatively correlated with the iNPHGS (P < 0.05), while the gray matter volumes of cerebellar area 6 and area 8 were negatively correlated with the clinical symptoms of iNPH (P < 0.05). The volume of gray matter in the cerebellar vermis was negatively correlated with gait, and the gray matter volume of cerebellar area 6 was negatively correlated with cognition. Our findings suggest that the cerebellum also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of iNPH, potentially highlighting new research avenues for iNPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Lv
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Radiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haihua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duanming Du
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Xia
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25
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A multifaceted gradient in human cerebellum of structural and functional development. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1129-1133. [PMID: 35982153 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the basic tissue and functional properties of the cerebellum across development is unknown. Combining several large datasets, we demonstrate in the human cerebellum a static tissue gradient in adults that mirrors a similar growth-rate gradient across development. Quantitative tissue metrics corroborate unique densities of certain lipids and proteins among lobules, and cerebellar structural development closely follows cerebellar functional properties through childhood.
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26
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Jin Y, Fan X, Xu X, Pan N, Jing J, Song X, Tan S, Guo X, Li X. The Differences in Structure and Function of the Cerebellum Between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals: a Multi-model MRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01433-0. [PMID: 35718855 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the long-term bilingual experience on structure and function of the cerebellum remain unclear. To explore whether there are differences in cerebellar gray matter structure between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals and whether these different cerebellar structures have different resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the cerebrum between the two groups, 30 Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual and 30 Mandarin monolingual college students were scanned by the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Voxel-based morphology (VBM) analysis and RSFC analysis were used to analyze the cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebellar-cerebro functional connectivity, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed between GMV/RSFC and the rapid automatized naming (RAN) and cognitive control. Compared to Mandarin monolinguals, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals showed larger GMV in bilateral cerebellar inferior posterior lobe (including bilateral VIIIa, VIIIb,IX, and right X, Vermis VIIIb, and Vermis IX) and a significant increase in RSFC coupling of the right inferior cerebellar posterior lobe with orbital part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). In addition, there was a positive correlation between average response time (RT) of Mandarin alphanumeric RAN and RSFC between the right inferior posterior lobe of cerebellum and left IFG of all participants. The long-term Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual experience can increase the GMV of the bilateral cerebellar inferior posterior lobe and the RSFC between the right inferior cerebellar posterior lobe with orbital part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Si Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuning Guo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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27
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Clark SV, Satterthwaite TD, King TZ, Morris RD, Zendehrouh E, Turner JA. Cerebellum-cingulo-opercular network connectivity strengthens in adolescence and supports attention efficiency only in childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101129. [PMID: 35820341 PMCID: PMC9284395 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Clark
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Psychology Service, United States.
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tricia Z King
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, United States; Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - Robin D Morris
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
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28
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Beuriat PA, Cristofori I, Gordon B, Grafman J. The shifting role of the cerebellum in executive, emotional and social processing across the lifespan. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:6. [PMID: 35484543 PMCID: PMC9047369 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum's anatomical and functional organization and network interactions between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures are dynamic across the lifespan. Executive, emotional and social (EES) functions have likewise evolved during human development from contributing to primitive behaviors during infancy and childhood to being able to modulate complex actions in adults. In this review, we address how the importance of the cerebellum in the processing of EES functions might change across development. This evolution is driven by the macroscopic and microscopic modifications of the cerebellum that are occurring during development including its increasing connectivity with distant supra-tentorial cortical and sub-cortical regions. As a result of anatomical and functional changes, neuroimaging and clinical data indicate that the importance of the role of the cerebellum in human EES-related networks shifts from being crucial in newborns and young children to being only supportive later in life. In early life, given the immaturity of cortically mediated EES functions, EES functions and motor control and perception are more closely interrelated. At that time, the cerebellum due to its important role in motor control and sequencing makes EES functions more reliant on these computational properties that compute spatial distance, motor intent, and assist in the execution of sequences of behavior related to their developing EES expression. As the cortical brain matures, EES functions and decisions become less dependent upon these aspects of motor behavior and more dependent upon high-order cognitive and social conceptual processes. At that time, the cerebellum assumes a supportive role in these EES-related behaviors by computing their motor and sequential features. We suspect that this evolving role of the cerebellum has complicated the interpretation of its contribution to EES computational demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Rockfeller School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
| | - Irene Cristofori
- Institute of Cognitive, Neuroscience Marc Jeannerod, CNRS/UMR 5229, 69500, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Won J, Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Smith JC. Differential associations of regional cerebellar volume with gait speed and working memory. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2355. [PMID: 35149757 PMCID: PMC8837608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gait speed and working memory is well-understood in older adults. However, it remains to be determined whether this relationship also exists in younger adults; and there is little known regarding the possible neural mechanism underlying the association between gait speed and working memory. The aims of this study are to determine if there is: (1) an association between gait speed and working memory performance; and (2) a mediating role of cerebellar subregion volume in the correlation between gait speed and working memory in healthy younger adults. 1054 younger adults (28.7 ± 3.6 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. A four-meter gait test was used to assess gait speed. The 2-back task was used to measure working memory performance [accuracy and response time (RT)]. T1-weighted structural MRI data (obtained using Siemens 3 T MRI scanner) was used to assess cerebellar subregion volumes. Linear regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the variables after controlling for age, sex, and education. There was no association between gait speed and 2-back working memory performance in younger adults. Greater Crus I and whole cerebellar volumes were associated with better 2-back working memory accuracy. Greater VIIIa volume was associated with faster gait speed. Greater Crus 1 and VIIIa volumes were also associated with higher fluid cognition. The present study suggests that specific subregions of the cerebellar volumes are distinctively associated with gait speed and working memory performance in healthy younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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McAfee SS, Liu Y, Sillitoe RV, Heck DH. Cerebellar Coordination of Neuronal Communication in Cerebral Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:781527. [PMID: 35087384 PMCID: PMC8787113 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.781527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes involve precisely coordinated neuronal communications between multiple cerebral cortical structures in a task specific manner. Rich new evidence now implicates the cerebellum in cognitive functions. There is general agreement that cerebellar cognitive function involves interactions between the cerebellum and cerebral cortical association areas. Traditional views assume reciprocal interactions between one cerebellar and one cerebral cortical site, via closed-loop connections. We offer evidence supporting a new perspective that assigns the cerebellum the role of a coordinator of communication. We propose that the cerebellum participates in cognitive function by modulating the coherence of neuronal oscillations to optimize communications between multiple cortical structures in a task specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. McAfee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Detlef H. Heck
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Detlef H. Heck,
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31
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The selective contributions of right cerebellar lobules to reading. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:963-977. [PMID: 34997379 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The engagement of the cerebellum during reading tasks is not unprecedented. However, it is still unclear which regions in the cerebellum are specifically involved in reading and how the cerebellum processes different languages. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the cerebellar neural activity in Chinese child learners of English between reading and non-reading tasks to identify functionally specialized areas for reading, and between Chinese characters and English words in a passive viewing paradigm to detect regions sensitive to different scripts. Two posterior subregions of right lobule VI, as well as right lobule VIIIA, demonstrated greater activation to viewing Chinese characters and English words compared to the non-reading tasks. However, we did not find any cerebellar regions that were differentially responsive to Chinese versus English print. Instead, we observed that functional connectivity between the two above-mentioned cerebellar regions (lobules VI and VIIIA) and the left inferior parietal lobule was significantly greater in English reading compared to Chinese reading. Overall, these results indicate that the posterior parts of right lobule VI and the right lobule VIIIA could be reading-specific regions, and deepen our understanding of how the cerebellum contributes to reading.
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Cerebellar volumes and language functions in school-aged children born very preterm. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:853-860. [PMID: 33469182 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumes of cerebellar posterior lobes have been associated with cognitive skills, such as language functioning. Children born very preterm (VPT) often have language problems. However, only total cerebellar volume has been associated with language functioning, with contradicting results. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether total cerebellar structures or specific posterior lobular structures are associated with language ability of school-aged VPT children. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 42 school-aged VPT children without major handicaps. Structural MRI was performed and the cerebellum segmentation pipeline was used for segmentation of separate lobules. Narrative retelling assessment was performed and language content and language structure scores were extracted. Linear regression analyses were used to associate language scores with whole gray matter (GM) cerebellar volume and right Crus I+II GM volume. RESULTS Whole cerebellar GM volume was not significantly associated with language content nor with language structure; however, right Crus I+II GM volume was significantly associated with language content (β = 0.192 (CI = 0.033, 0.351), p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS GM volume of Crus I+II appears to be associated with language functions in school-aged VPT children without major handicaps, while whole cerebellar volume is not. This study showed the importance of studying cerebellar lobules separately, rather than whole cerebellar volume only, in relation to VPT children's language functions. IMPACT GM volume of Crus I+II is associated with semantic language functions in school-aged very preterm children without overt brain injury, whereas whole cerebellar volume is not. This study showed the importance of studying cerebellar lobules separately, rather than whole cerebellar volume only, in relation to very preterm children's language functions. This study might impact future research in very preterm children. Lobular structures rather than whole cerebellar structures should be the region of interest in relation to language functions.
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Wei Q, Ji Y, Bai T, Zu M, Guo Y, Mo Y, Ji G, Wang K, Tian Y. Enhanced cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity reverses cognitive impairment following electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:798-806. [PMID: 32361944 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a rapidly acting and effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment. Recent studies have documented that ECT reorganizes dysregulated inter/intra- connected cerebral networks, including the affective network, the cognitive control network(CCN) and default mode network (DMN).Moreover, cerebellum is thought to play an important role in emotion regulation and cognitive processing. However, little is known about the relationship between cerebro-cerebellar connectivity alterations following ECT and antidepressant effects or cognitive impairment. We performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses in 28 MDD patients receiving ECT and 20 healthy controls to identify cerebro-cerebellar connectivity differences related to MDD and changes induced by ECT. Six seed regions (three per hemisphere) in the cerebrum were selected for RSFC, corresponding to the affective network, CCN and DMN, to establish cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity with cerebellum. MDD patients showed increased RSFC between left sgACC and left cerebellar lobule VI after ECT. Ggranger causality analyses (GCA) identified the causal interaction is from left cerebellar lobule VI to left sgACC. Furthermore, increased effective connectivity from left cerebellar lobule VI to left sgACC exhibited positively correlated with the change in verbal fluency test (VFT) score following ECT (r = 0.433, p = 0.039). Our findings indicate that the enhanced cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity from left lobule VI to left sgACC may ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by ECT. This study identifies a potential neural pathway for mitigation of cognitive impairment following ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tongjian Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Meidan Zu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuting Mo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gongjun Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, 230022, Hefei, China. .,Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China.
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.
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Pediatric sarcoma survivorship: A call for a developmental cascades approach. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1221-1230. [PMID: 33851573 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of pediatric sarcomas often experience greater psychological and psychosocial difficulties than their non-afflicted peers. We consider findings related to poorer outcomes from a developmental cascade perspective. Specifically, we discuss how physical, neurocognitive, psychological, and psychosocial costs associated with pediatric sarcomas and their treatment function transactionally to degrade well-being in long-term pediatric sarcoma survivors. We situate the sarcoma experience as a broad developmental threat - one stemming from both the presence and treatment of a life-imperiling disease, and the absence of typical childhood experiences. Ways in which degradation in one developmental domain spills over and effects other domains are highlighted. We argue that the aggregate effect of these cascades is two-fold: first, it adds to the typical stress involved in meeting developmental milestones and navigating developmental transitions; and second, it deprives survivors of crucial coping strategies that mitigate these stressors. This position suggests specific moments of intervention and raises specific hypotheses for investigators to explore.
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35
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Voshart DC, Wiedemann J, van Luijk P, Barazzuol L. Regional Responses in Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Damage. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030367. [PMID: 33498403 PMCID: PMC7864176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue side effects remain a major concern in radiotherapy. The improved precision of radiation dose delivery of recent technological developments in radiotherapy has the potential to reduce the radiation dose to organ regions that contribute the most to the development of side effects. This review discusses the contribution of regional variation in radiation responses in several organs. In the brain, various regions were found to contribute to radiation-induced neurocognitive dysfunction. In the parotid gland, the region containing the major ducts was found to be critical in hyposalivation. The heart and lung were each found to exhibit regional responses while also mutually affecting each other's response to radiation. Sub-structures critical for the development of side effects were identified in the pancreas and bladder. The presence of these regional responses is based on a non-uniform distribution of target cells or sub-structures critical for organ function. These characteristics are common to most organs in the body and we therefore hypothesize that regional responses in radiation-induced normal tissue damage may be a shared occurrence. Further investigations will offer new opportunities to reduce normal tissue side effects of radiotherapy using modern and high-precision technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle C. Voshart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.C.V.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems–Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Wiedemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.C.V.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems–Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.C.V.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems–Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (P.v.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.C.V.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems–Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (P.v.L.); (L.B.)
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36
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El Marroun H, Zou R, Leeuwenburg MF, Steegers EAP, Reiss IKM, Muetzel RL, Kushner SA, Tiemeier H. Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Brain Morphometry. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:1149-1158. [PMID: 32955580 PMCID: PMC7506610 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preterm and postterm births are associated with adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether variation of gestational age within the 37- to 42-week range of term deliveries is associated with neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of gestational age at birth (GAB) with structural brain morphometry in children aged 10 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study included pregnant women living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, with an expected delivery date between April 1, 2002, and January 31, 2006. The study evaluated 3079 singleton children with GAB ranging from 26.3 to 43.3 weeks and structural neuroimaging at 10 years of age from the Generation R Study, a longitudinal, population-based prospective birth cohort from early pregnancy onward in Rotterdam. Data analysis was performed from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, and at the time of the revision based on reviewer suggestions. EXPOSURES The GAB was calculated based on ultrasonographic assessment of crown-rump length (<12 weeks 5 days) or biparietal diameter (≥12 weeks 5 days) in dedicated research centers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Brain structure, including global and regional brain volumes and surface-based cortical measures (thickness, surface area, and gyrification), was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS In the 3079 children (1546 [50.2%] female) evaluated at 10 years of age, GAB was linearly associated with global and regional brain volumes. Longer gestational duration was associated with larger brain volumes; for example, every 1-week-longer gestational duration corresponded to an additional 4.5 cm3/wk (95% CI, 2.7-6.3 cm3/wk) larger total brain volume. These associations persisted when the sample was restricted to children born at term (GAB of 37-42 weeks: 4.8 cm3/wk; 95% CI, 1.8-7.7 cm3/wk). No evidence of nonlinear associations between GA and brain morphometry was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, gestational duration was linearly associated with brain morphometry during childhood, including within the window of term delivery. These findings may have marked clinical importance, particularly given the prevalence of elective cesarean deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Runyu Zou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle F. Leeuwenburg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A. P. Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A. Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Waddell J, Hill E, Tang S, Jiang L, Xu S, Mooney SM. Choline Plus Working Memory Training Improves Prenatal Alcohol-Induced Deficits in Cognitive Flexibility and Functional Connectivity in Adulthood in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3513. [PMID: 33202683 PMCID: PMC7696837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading known cause of intellectual disability, and may manifest as deficits in cognitive function, including working memory. Working memory capacity and accuracy increases during adolescence when neurons in the prefrontal cortex undergo refinement. Rats exposed to low doses of ethanol prenatally show deficits in working memory during adolescence, and in cognitive flexibility in young adulthood. The cholinergic system plays a crucial role in learning and memory processes. Here we report that the combination of choline and training on a working memory task during adolescence significantly improved cognitive flexibility (performance on an attentional set shifting task) in young adulthood: 92% of all females and 81% of control males formed an attentional set, but only 36% of ethanol-exposed males did. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that functional connectivity among brain regions was different between the sexes, and was altered by prenatal ethanol exposure and by choline + training. Connectivity, particularly between prefrontal cortex and striatum, was also different in males that formed a set compared with those that did not. Together, these findings indicate that prenatal exposure to low doses of ethanol has persistent effects on brain functional connectivity and behavior, that these effects are sex-dependent, and that an adolescent intervention could mitigate some of the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylyn Waddell
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.H.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.H.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.T.); (L.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.T.); (L.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.T.); (L.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Sandra M. Mooney
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.H.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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38
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Dellatolas G, Câmara-Costa H. The role of cerebellum in the child neuropsychological functioning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:265-304. [PMID: 32958180 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter proposes a review of neuropsychologic and behavior findings in pediatric pathologies of the cerebellum, including cerebellar malformations, pediatric ataxias, cerebellar tumors, and other acquired cerebellar injuries during childhood. The chapter also contains reviews of the cerebellar mutism/posterior fossa syndrome, reported cognitive associations with the development of the cerebellum in typically developing children and subjects born preterm, and the role of the cerebellum in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and developmental dyslexia. Cognitive findings in pediatric cerebellar disorders are considered in the context of known cerebellocerebral connections, internal cellular organization of the cerebellum, the idea of a universal cerebellar transform and computational internal models, and the role of the cerebellum in specific cognitive and motor functions, such as working memory, language, timing, or control of eye movements. The chapter closes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive affective syndrome as it has been described in children and some conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dellatolas
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Câmara-Costa
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes en Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris, France
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39
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Luo N, Sui J, Abrol A, Chen J, Turner JA, Damaraju E, Fu Z, Fan L, Lin D, Zhuo C, Xu Y, Glahn DC, Rodrigue AL, Banich MT, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD. Structural Brain Architectures Match Intrinsic Functional Networks and Vary across Domains: A Study from 15 000+ Individuals. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5460-5470. [PMID: 32488253 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structural networks have been shown to consistently organize in functionally meaningful architectures covering the entire brain. However, to what extent brain structural architectures match the intrinsic functional networks in different functional domains remains under explored. In this study, based on independent component analysis, we revealed 45 pairs of structural-functional (S-F) component maps, distributing across nine functional domains, in both a discovery cohort (n = 6005) and a replication cohort (UK Biobank, n = 9214), providing a well-match multimodal spatial map template for public use. Further network module analysis suggested that unimodal cortical areas (e.g., somatomotor and visual networks) indicate higher S-F coherence, while heteromodal association cortices, especially the frontoparietal network (FPN), exhibit more S-F divergence. Collectively, these results suggest that the expanding and maturing brain association cortex demonstrates a higher degree of changes compared with unimodal cortex, which may lead to higher interindividual variability and lower S-F coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Anees Abrol
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Clinical Medical College/First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital/Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06114, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, US
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Departments of Psychology, Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, and Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Jiang W, Duan K, Rootes-Murdy K, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Arias-Vasquez A, Liu J, Turner JA. Structural brain alterations and their association with cognitive function and symptoms in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder families. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102273. [PMID: 32387850 PMCID: PMC7210582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter disruptions have been found consistently in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The organization of these alterations into brain structural networks remains largely unexplored. We investigated 508 participants (281 males) with ADHD (N = 210), their unaffected siblings (N = 108), individuals with subthreshold ADHD (N = 49), and unrelated healthy controls (N = 141) with an age range from 7 to 18 years old from 336 families in the Dutch NeuroIMAGE project. Source based morphometry was used to examine structural brain network alterations and their association with symptoms and cognitive performance. Two networks showed significant reductions in individuals with ADHD compared to unrelated healthy controls after False Discovery Rate correction. Component A, mainly located in bilateral Crus I, showed a ADHD/typically developing difference with subthreshold cases being intermediate between ADHD and typically developing controls. The unaffected siblings were similar to controls. After correcting for IQ and medication status, component A showed a negative correlation with inattention symptoms across the entire sample. Component B included a maximum cluster in the bilateral insula, where unaffected siblings, similar to individuals with ADHD, showed significantly reduced loadings compared to controls; but no relationship with individual symptoms or cognitive measures was found for component B. This multivariate approach suggests that areas reflecting genetic liability within ADHD are partly separate from those areas modulating symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, TReNDS Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, USA.
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Sullivan EV, Moore EM, Lane B, Pohl KM, Riley EP, Pfefferbaum A. Graded Cerebellar Lobular Volume Deficits in Adolescents and Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4729-4746. [PMID: 32133485 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive prenatal developmental growth period of the cerebellum renders it vulnerable to unhealthy environmental agents, especially alcohol. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is marked by neurodysmorphology including cerebral and cerebellar volume deficits, but the cerebellar lobular deficit profile has not been delineated. Legacy MRI data of 115 affected and 59 unaffected adolescents and young adults were analyzed for lobular gray matter volume and revealed graded deficits supporting a spectrum of severity. Graded deficits were salient in intracranial volume (ICV), where the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) group was smaller than the fetal alcohol effects (FAE) group, which was smaller than the controls. Adjusting for ICV, volume deficits were present in VIIB and VIIIA of the FAE group and were more widespread in FAS and included lobules I, II, IV, V, VI, Crus II, VIIB, and VIIIA. Graded deficits (FAS < FAE) were consistently present in lobules VI; neither group showed volume deficits in Crus I or IX. Neuroradiological readings blind to diagnosis identified 20 anomalies, 8 involving the cerebellum, 5 of which were in the FAS group. We speculate that the regional cerebellar FASD-related volume deficits may contribute to diagnostically characteristic functional impairment involving emotional control, visuomotor coordination, and postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eileen M Moore
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Barton Lane
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edward P Riley
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Association of Sedentary Behavior with Brain Structure and Intelligence in Children with Overweight or Obesity: The ActiveBrains Project. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041101. [PMID: 32290576 PMCID: PMC7230478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of different sedentary behaviors (SB) with gray matter volume and we tested whether SB related to gray matter volume is associated with intelligence. Methods: 99 children with overweight or obesity aged 8–11 years participated in this cross-sectional study. SB was measured using the Youth Activity Profile-Spain questionnaire. T1-weighted images were acquired with a 3.0 T Magnetom Tim Trio system. Intelligence was assessed with the Kaufman Brief Test. Whole-brain voxel-wise multiple regression models were used to test the associations of each SB with gray matter volume. Results: Watching TV was associated with lower gray matter volume in six brain regions (β ranging −0.314 to −0.489 and cluster size 106 to 323 voxels; p < 0.001), playing video games in three brain regions (β ranging −0.391 to −0.359, and cluster size 96 to 461 voxels; p < 0.001) and total sedentary time in two brain regions (β ranging −0.341 to −0.352, and cluster size 897 to 2455 voxels; p < 0.001). No brain regions showed a significant positive association (all p > 0.05). Two brain regions were related, or borderline related, to intelligence. Conclusions: SB could have the potential to negatively influence brain structure and, in turn, intelligence in children with overweight/obesity.
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Cui D, Zhang L, Zheng F, Wang H, Meng Q, Lu W, Liu Z, Yin T, Qiu J. Volumetric reduction of cerebellar lobules associated with memory decline across the adult lifespan. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:148-159. [PMID: 31956538 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The human cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, is involved in cognitive function and helps to regulate emotional responses. However, little is known about the relationship between cerebellar lobules and age-related memory decline. We aimed to investigate volume alterations in cerebellar lobules at different ages and assess their correlations with reduced memory recall abilities. Methods A sample of 275 individuals were divided into the following four groups: 20-35 years (young), 36-50 years (early-middle age), 51-65 years (late-middle age), and 66-89 years (old). Volumes of the cerebellar lobules were obtained using volBrain software. Analysis of covariance and post hoc analysis were used to analyze group differences in cerebellar lobular volumes, and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method. Spearman correlation was used to investigate the relationship between lobular volumes and memory recall scores. Results In this study, we found that older adults had smaller cerebellar volumes than the other subjects. Volumetric decreases in size were noted in bilateral lobule VI and lobule crus I. Moreover, the volumes of bilateral lobule crus I, lobule VI, and right lobule IV were significantly associated with memory recall scores. Conclusions In the present study, we found that some lobules of the cerebellum appear more predisposed to age-related changes than other lobules. These findings provide further evidence that specific regions of the cerebellum could be used to assess the risk of memory decline across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.,College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Fenglian Zheng
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qingjian Meng
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China.,Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
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44
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Ashburn SM, Flowers DL, Napoliello EM, Eden GF. Cerebellar function in children with and without dyslexia during single word processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:120-138. [PMID: 31597004 PMCID: PMC7267899 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar deficit hypothesis of dyslexia posits that dysfunction of the cerebellum is the underlying cause for reading difficulties observed in this common learning disability. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a single word processing task to test for differences in activity and connectivity in children with (n = 23) and without (n = 23) dyslexia. We found cerebellar activity in the control group when word processing was compared to fixation, but not when it was compared to the active baseline task designed to reveal activity specific to reading. In the group with dyslexia there was no cerebellar activity for either contrasts and there were no differences when they were compared to children without dyslexia. Turning to functional connectivity (FC) in the controls, background FC (i.e., not specific to reading) was predominately found between the cerebellum and the occipitaltemporal cortex. In the group with dyslexia, there was background FC between the cerebellum and several cortical regions. When comparing the two groups, they differed in background FC in connections between the seed region right crus I and three left‐hemisphere perisylvian target regions. However, there was no task‐specific FC for word processing in either group and no between‐group differences. Together the results do not support the theory that the cerebellum is affected functionally during reading in children with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikoya M Ashburn
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - D Lynn Flowers
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Eileen M Napoliello
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Guinevere F Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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45
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Starowicz-Filip A, Chrobak AA, Kwiatkowski S, Milczarek O, Rajtar-Zembaty AM. “Cerebellar lesions after low-grade tumor resection can induce memory impairment in children, similar to that observed in patients with frontal lesions”. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:388-408. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1657391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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46
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Ashida R, Cerminara NL, Edwards RJ, Apps R, Brooks JCW. Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4732-4747. [PMID: 31361075 PMCID: PMC6865458 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in a wide range of behaviours. A key organisational principle from animal studies is that somatotopically corresponding sensory input and motor output reside in the same cerebellar cortical areas. However, compelling evidence for a similar arrangement in humans and whether it extends to cognitive functions is lacking. To address this, we applied cerebellar optimised whole‐brain functional MRI in 20 healthy subjects. To assess spatial overlap within the sensorimotor and cognitive domains, we recorded activity to a sensory stimulus (vibrotactile) and a motor task; the Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task; and a verb generation paradigm. Consistent with animal data, sensory and motor activity overlapped with a somatotopic arrangement in ipsilateral areas of the anterior and posterior cerebellum. During the maintenance phase of the Sternberg task, a positive linear relationship between VWM load and activity was observed in right Lobule VI, extending into Crus I bilaterally. Articulatory movement gave rise to bilateral activity in medial Lobule VI. A conjunction of two independent language tasks localised activity during verb generation in right Lobule VI‐Crus I, which overlapped with activity during VWM. These results demonstrate spatial compartmentalisation of sensorimotor and cognitive function in the human cerebellum, with each area involved in more than one aspect of a given behaviour, consistent with an integrative function. Sensorimotor localisation was uniform across individuals, but the representation of cognitive tasks was more variable, highlighting the importance of individual scans for mapping higher order functions within the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ashida
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Neurosurgery Department, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, UK.,Neurosurgery Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadia L Cerminara
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Edwards
- Neurosurgery Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Lupo M, Olivito G, Siciliano L, Masciullo M, Bozzali M, Molinari M, Leggio M. Development of a Psychiatric Disorder Linked to Cerebellar Lesions. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:438-446. [PMID: 29460204 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar dysfunction plays a critical role in neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A 43-year-old woman with a cerebellum arteriovenous malformation and history of behavioral dysregulation since childhood is described. After the rupture of the cerebellar malformation in adulthood, her behavior morphed into specific psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits occurred. The neuropsychological assessment evidenced impaired performance in attention, visuospatial, memory, and language domains. Moreover, psychiatric assessment indicated a borderline personality disorder. Brain MRI examination detected macroscopic abnormalities in the cerebellar posterior lobules VI, VIIa (Crus I), and IX, and in the posterior area of the vermis, regions usually involved in cognitive and emotional processing. The described patient suffered from cognitive and behavioral symptoms that are part of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. This case supports the hypothesis of a cerebellar role in personality disorders emphasizing the importance of also examining the cerebellum in the presence of behavioral disturbances in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Imaging Science Center, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Marco Molinari
- Neurorehabilitation 1 and Spinal Center, Robotic Neurorehabilitation Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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48
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The current status of the magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 2019; 130:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Cerebellar atrophy and its contribution to motor and cognitive performance in multiple system atrophy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101891. [PMID: 31226621 PMCID: PMC6587071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Neuroanatomical differences in the cerebellum are among the most consistent findings in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. This study performed a detailed cerebellar morphology in MSA patients and its two subtypes: MSA-P (parkinson's symptoms predominate) and MSA-C (cerebellar symptoms predominant), and their relations to profiles of motor and cognitive deficits. Materials and methods Structure MRI data were acquired from 63 healthy controls and 61 MSA patients; voxel-based morphometry and the Spatially Unbiased Infratentorial Toolbox cerebellar atlas were performed to identify the cerebellar gray volume changes in MSA and its subtypes. Further, the gray matter changes were correlated with the clinical motor/cognitive scores. Results Patients with MSA exhibited widespread loss of cerebellar volume bilaterally, relative to healthy controls. In those with MSA-C, gray matter loss was detected from anterior (bilateral lobule IV-V) to posterior (bilateral crus I/II, bilateral lobule IX, left lobule VIII) cerebellar lobes. Lower anterior cerebellar volume negatively correlated with disease duration and motor performance, whereas posterior lobe integrity positively correlated with cognitive assessment. In patients with MSA-P, atrophy of anterior lobe (bilateral lobules IV-V) and posterior lobe in part (left lobule VI, bilateral IX) was evident; and in left cerebellar lobule IX, gray matter loss negatively correlated with motor scores. Direct comparison of MSA-P and MSA-C group outcomes showed divergence in right cerebellar crus II only. Conclusions Our data suggest that volumetric abnormalities of cerebellum contribute substantially to motor and cognitive performance in patients with MSA. In patients with MSA-P and MSA-C, affected regions of cerebellum differed. Cerebellum atrophy contributed substantially to motor and cognitive behavior in MSA. Lower cerebellum IV-V volume was correlated with MSA-C disease duration and severity Cerebellum atrophy in one side may imply symptoms onset on contralateral
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50
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Muster R, Choudhury S, Sharp W, Kasparek S, Sudre G, Shaw P. Mapping the neuroanatomic substrates of cognition in familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:590-597. [PMID: 29792238 PMCID: PMC6252155 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the neuroanatomic substrates of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been investigated, less is known about the neuroanatomic correlates of cognitive abilities pertinent to the disorder, particularly in adults. Here we define the neuroanatomic correlates of key cognitive abilities and determine if there are associations with histories of psychostimulant medication. METHODS We acquired neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging data from 264 members of 60 families (mean age 29.5; s.d. 18.4, 116 with ADHD). Using linear mixed model regression, we tested for associations between cognitive abilities (working memory, information processing, intelligence, and attention), symptoms and both cortical and subcortical volumes. RESULTS Symptom severity was associated with spatial working memory (t = -3.77, p = 0.0002), processing speed (t = -2.95, p = 0.004) and a measure of impulsive responding (t = 2.19, p = 0.03); these associations did not vary with age (all p > 0.1). Neuroanatomic associations of cognition varied by task but centered on prefrontal, lateral parietal and temporal cortical regions, the thalamus and putamen. The neuroanatomic correlates of ADHD symptoms overlapped significantly with those of working memory (Dice's overlap coefficient: spatial, p = 0.003; verbal, p = 0.001) and information processing (p = 0.02). Psychostimulant medication history was associated with neither cognitive skills nor with a brain-cognition relationships. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic differences in the cognitive profile of ADHD does not vary significantly with age; nor were cognitive differences associated with psychostimulant medication history. The neuroanatomic substrates of working memory and information overlapped with those for symptoms within these extended families, consistent with a pathophysiological role for these cognitive skills in familial ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip Shaw
- Corresponding author, Philip Shaw, Bldg 31, B1B37, Bethesda 20892, , T: (301) 451-4010, F: (301) 480-3108
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