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Hettwer MD, Dorfschmidt L, Puhlmann LMC, Jacob LM, Paquola C, Bethlehem RAI, Bullmore ET, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Longitudinal variation in resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6283. [PMID: 39075054 PMCID: PMC11286871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation of association cortices. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal variation in adolescents' resilience to psychosocial stressors during this vulnerable period is associated with ongoing myeloarchitectural maturation and consolidation of functional networks. We used repeated myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) and resting-state functional neuroimaging (n = 141), and captured adversity exposure by adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, and socio-economic status at two timepoints, one to two years apart. Development toward more resilient psychosocial functioning was associated with increasing myelination in the anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which showed stabilized functional connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles and the cortex-wide synchronization of myeloarchitectural maturation, we further observed wide-spread myeloarchitectural reconfiguration of association cortices paralleled by attenuated functional reorganization with increasingly resilient outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible psychosocial functioning showed considerable intra-individual change associated with multi-modal cortical refinement processes at the local and system-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lena Dorfschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lara M C Puhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Linda M Jacob
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Casey Paquola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Harden BJ, McKelvey LM, Poehlmann JA, Edwards RC, Anunziata F, Beasley L, Bomberger M, Chinaka O, De La Cruz S, Gurka K, Parkinson M. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) experience: Recruiting and retaining diverse families in a longitudinal, multi-method early childhood study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101421. [PMID: 39106549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Given its aim to examine the impact of adversity and protective factors on children's outcomes, the recruitment and retention of families who have a wide diversity in experiences are essential. However, the unfortunate history of inequitable treatment of underrepresented families in research and the risks with which some participants will contend (e.g., substance use) makes their recruitment and retention in social science and neuroscience research particularly challenging. This article explores strategies that the HBCD Study has developed to recruit and retain participants, including marginalized, underserved, and hard-to-reach populations, capitalizing on the extant literature and the researchers' own experiences. In this paper, we address strategies to recruit and retain families within HBCD, including: 1) creating experiences that engender trust and promote relationships; 2) maintaining connections with participants over time; 3) ensuring appropriate compensation and supports; 4) considerations for study materials and procedures; and 5) community engagement. The implementation of these strategies may increase representation and inclusiveness, as well as improve the quality of the resulting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Jones Harden
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Lorraine M McKelvey
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Julie A Poehlmann
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Renee C Edwards
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Florencia Anunziata
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Lana Beasley
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Melissa Bomberger
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Oziomachukwu Chinaka
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Sheila De La Cruz
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Kelly Gurka
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Micaela Parkinson
- University of Maryland, 3942 Campus Drive, Suite 3304, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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3
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Murray TM, Slopen N. Investment, integration, and innovation: Fostering diversity, equity, and inclusion across the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study consortium. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101420. [PMID: 39053394 PMCID: PMC11318534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. From the outset, the HBCD Study integrated diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into its core mission, with key elements like an Associate Director for DEI, a DEI values statement, and establishing a DEI committee to help ensure sustainable progress for the future. The DEI Coordinating Committee supports DEI efforts impacting members of the HBCD consortium, study participants, and the analysis and dissemination of HBCD data. Committee members include representatives from every study site and workgroup which contributes to DEI integration throughout the study. Committee activities include reviewing all measures and protocols, creating accountability metrics, and supporting training opportunities for consortium members. Several successes and lessons have been learned through the Committee's activities like implementing consortium-wide unconscious bias training and changing the DEI leadership and committee structure. This article presents an overview of HBCD's DEI components within HBCD and provides examples of collaborative efforts between the DEI Coordinating Committee and other workgroups. The article concludes with plans for future activities and recommendations for other large consortia considering formal DEI structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci M Murray
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA.
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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Tansey R, Graff K, Rai S, Merrikh D, Godfrey KJ, Vanderwal T, Bray S. Development of human visual cortical function: A scoping review of task- and naturalistic-fMRI studies through the interactive specialization and maturational frameworks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105729. [PMID: 38763178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Overarching theories such as the interactive specialization and maturational frameworks have been proposed to describe human functional brain development. However, these frameworks have not yet been systematically examined across the fMRI literature. Visual processing is one of the most well-studied fields in neuroimaging, and research in this area has recently expanded to include naturalistic paradigms that facilitate study in younger age ranges, allowing for an in-depth critical appraisal of these frameworks across childhood. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of 94 developmental visual fMRI studies, including both traditional experimental task and naturalistic studies, across multiple sub-domains (early visual processing, category-specific higher order processing, naturalistic visual processing). We found that across domains, many studies reported progressive development, but few studies describe regressive or emergent changes necessary to fit the maturational or interactive specialization frameworks. Our findings suggest a need for the expansion of developmental frameworks and clearer reporting of both progressive and regressive changes, along with well-powered, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann Tansey
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Kirk Graff
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shefali Rai
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daria Merrikh
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate J Godfrey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamara Vanderwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Ford A, Walum H, Brice B, Patel H, Kunnikuru S, Jones W, Berman GJ, Shultz S. Caregiver greeting to infants under 6 months already reflects emerging differences in those later diagnosed with autism. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232494. [PMID: 38872278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As infants develop, caregivers adjust their behaviour to scaffold their infant's emerging skills, such that changes in infants' social abilities are expected to elicit changes in caregiver behaviour. We examined whether changes in the probability of infant-directed caregiving behaviour-specifically, greeting, a ubiquitous signal used by caregivers to initiate reciprocal interactions-differ between infant-caregiver dyads with an infant later diagnosed with autism and dyads with a neurotypically developing infant during infants' first 6 months. Using longitudinal data from 163 dyads, we found that caregivers in autism dyads (n = 40) used greeting less and at later infant ages than caregivers with a neurotypically developing infant (neurotypical dyads, n = 83). Caregivers in dyads with infants at elevated familial genetic likelihood for autism who did not receive an autism diagnosis (EL-non-autism dyads, n = 40) showed no differences in greeting compared with neurotypical dyads. Socioeconomic status partially mediated the difference between autism and neurotypical dyads. These findings show that autism and socioeconomic status were associated with the mutually adapted dynamics of dyadic interaction beginning in the first postnatal weeks. Importantly, differences in caregiver greeting observed in autism dyads are not interpreted as suboptimal behaviour from caregivers but rather indicate how early emerging social differences related to autism, years before overt features are present, may alter social learning opportunities elicited by the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden Ford
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hasse Walum
- Marcus Autism Center , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beyonce Brice
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hely Patel
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjana Kunnikuru
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warren Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon J Berman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center , Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Toenders YJ, Green KH, Te Brinke LW, van der Cruijsen R, van de Groep S, Crone EA. From developmental neuroscience to policy: A novel framework based on participatory research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101398. [PMID: 38850964 PMCID: PMC11200278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Insights from developmental neuroscience are not always translated to actionable policy decisions. In this review, we explore the potential of bridging the gap between developmental neuroscience and policy through youth participatory research approaches. As the current generation of adolescents lives in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing society, their lived experiences are crucial for both research and policy. Moreover, their active involvement holds significant promise, given their heightened creativity and need to contribute. We therefore advocate for a transdisciplinary framework that fosters collaboration between developmental scientists, adolescents, and policy makers in addressing complex societal challenges. We highlight the added value of adolescents' lived experiences in relation to two pressing societal issues affecting adolescents' mental health: performance pressure and social inequality. By integrating firsthand lived experiences with insights from developmental neuroscience, we provide a foundation for progress in informed policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara J Toenders
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kayla H Green
- Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lysanne W Te Brinke
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne van de Groep
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Mlandu N, McCormick SA, Davel L, Zieff MR, Bradford L, Herr D, Jacobs CA, Khumalo A, Knipe C, Madi Z, Mazubane T, Methola B, Mhlakwaphalwa T, Miles M, Nabi ZG, Negota R, Nkubungu K, Pan T, Samuels R, Williams S, Williams SR, Avery T, Foster G, Donald KA, Gabard-Durnam LJ. Evaluating a novel high-density EEG sensor net structure for improving inclusivity in infants with curly or tightly coiled hair. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101396. [PMID: 38820695 PMCID: PMC11170222 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience for indexing neural activity. However, racial biases persist in EEG research that limit the utility of this tool. One bias comes from the structure of EEG nets/caps that do not facilitate equitable data collection across hair textures and types. Recent efforts have improved EEG net/cap design, but these solutions can be time-intensive, reduce sensor density, and are more difficult to implement in younger populations. The present study focused on testing EEG sensor net designs over infancy. Specifically, we compared EEG data quality and retention between two high-density saline-based EEG sensor net designs from the same company (Magstim EGI, Whitland, UK) within the same infants during a baseline EEG paradigm. We found that within infants, the tall sensor nets resulted in lower impedances during collection, including lower impedances in the key online reference electrode for those with greater hair heights and resulted in a greater number of usable EEG channels and data segments retained during pre-processing. These results suggest that along with other best practices, the modified tall sensor net design is useful for improving data quality and retention in infant participants with curly or tightly-coiled hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwabisa Mlandu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah A McCormick
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lauren Davel
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michal R Zieff
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Layla Bradford
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Donna Herr
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chloë A Jacobs
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anele Khumalo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Knipe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zamazimba Madi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Mazubane
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bokang Methola
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tembeka Mhlakwaphalwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Marlie Miles
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zayaan Goolam Nabi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rabelani Negota
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Khanyisa Nkubungu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Pan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reese Samuels
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sadeeka Williams
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simone R Williams
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Schneider JM, Behboudi MH, Maguire MJ. The Necessity of Taking Culture and Context into Account When Studying the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Brain Development. Brain Sci 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38672041 PMCID: PMC11048655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research has revealed a relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development at the structural and functional levels. Of particular note is the distinction between income and maternal education, two highly correlated factors which seem to influence brain development through distinct pathways. Specifically, while a families' income-to-needs ratio is linked with physiological stress and household chaos, caregiver education influences the day-to-day language environment a child is exposed to. Variability in either one of these environmental experiences is related to subsequent brain development. While this work has the potential to inform public policies in a way that benefits children, it can also oversimplify complex factors, unjustly blame low-SES parents, and perpetuate a harmful deficit perspective. To counteract these shortcomings, researchers must consider sociodemographic differences in the broader cultural context that underlie SES-based differences in brain development. This review aims to address these issues by (a) identifying how sociodemographic mechanisms associated with SES influence the day-to-day experiences of children, in turn, impacting brain development, while (b) considering the broader cultural contexts that may differentially impact this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Schneider
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, 72 Hatcher Hall, Field House Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hossein Behboudi
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
| | - Mandy J. Maguire
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
- Center for Children and Families, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
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Filippi CA, Winkler AM, Kanel D, Elison JT, Hardiman H, Sylvester C, Pine DS, Fox NA. Neural Correlates of Novelty-Evoked Distress in 4-Month-Old Infants: A Synthetic Cohort Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00107-1. [PMID: 38641209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational assessments of infant temperament have provided unparalleled insight into prediction of risk for social anxiety. However, it is challenging to administer and score these assessments alongside high-quality infant neuroimaging data. In the current study, we aimed to identify infant resting-state functional connectivity associated with both parent report and observed behavioral estimates of infant novelty-evoked distress. METHODS Using data from the OIT (Origins of Infant Temperament) study, which includes deep phenotyping of infant temperament, we identified parent-report measures that were associated with observed novelty-evoked distress. These parent-report measures were then summarized into a composite score used for imaging analysis. Our infant magnetic resonance imaging sample was a synthetic cohort, harmonizing data from 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of 4-month-old infants (OIT and BCP [Baby Connectome Project]; n = 101), both of which included measures of parent-reported temperament. Brain-behavior associations were evaluated using enrichment, a statistical approach that quantifies the clustering of brain-behavior associations within network pairs. RESULTS Results demonstrated that parent-report composites of novelty-evoked distress were significantly associated with 3 network pairs: dorsal attention-salience/ventral attention, dorsal attention-default mode, and dorsal attention-control. These network pairs demonstrated negative associations with novelty-evoked distress, indicating that less connectivity between these network pairs was associated with greater novelty-evoked distress. Additional analyses demonstrated that dorsal attention-control network connectivity was associated with observed novelty-evoked distress in the OIT sample (n = 38). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work is broadly consistent with existing work and implicates dorsal attention network connectivity in novelty-evoked distress. This study provides novel data on the neural basis of infant novelty-evoked distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Filippi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Dana Kanel
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah Hardiman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chad Sylvester
- Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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10
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Keyes KM, Pakserian D, Rudolph KE, Salum G, Stuart EA. Population Neuroscience: Understanding Concepts of Generalizability and Transportability and Their Application to Improving the Public's Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38589636 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In population neuroscience, samples are not often selected with equal or known probability from an underlying population of interest; in other words, samples are not often formally representative of a specified underlying population. This chapter provides an overview of an epidemiological approach to considering the implications of selective participation on the value of our results for population health. We discuss definitions of generalizability and transportability, given the growing recognition that generalizability and transportability are central for interpreting data that are aiming to be population-based. We provide evidence that differences in the prevalence of effect measure modifiers between a study sample and a target population will lead to a lack of generalizability and transportability. We provide an example of an association between a poly-genetic risk score and depression, showing how an internally valid association can differ based on the prevalence of effect measure modifiers. We show that when estimating associations, inferences from a study sample to a population can depend on clearly defining a target population. Given that representative sampling from explicitly defined target populations may not be feasible or realistic in many situations, especially given the sample sizes needed for statistical power for many exposures of interest (and especially when interactions are being tested), researchers should be well versed in tools available to enhance the interpretability of samples regarding target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Kara E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Salum
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Initiative, Child Mind Institute & Stavros Niarchos Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cardenas-Iniguez C, Gonzalez MR. Recommendations for the responsible use and communication of race and ethnicity in neuroimaging research. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:615-628. [PMID: 38519749 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing availability of large-population human biomedical datasets provides researchers with unique opportunities to conduct rigorous and impactful studies on brain and behavioral development, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of neurodevelopment in diverse populations. However, the patterns observed in these datasets are more likely to be influenced by upstream structural inequities (that is, structural racism), which can lead to health disparities based on race, ethnicity and social class. This paper addresses the need for guidance and self-reflection in biomedical research on conceptualizing, contextualizing and communicating issues related to race and ethnicity. We provide recommendations as a starting point for researchers to rethink race and ethnicity choices in study design, model specification, statistical analysis and communication of results, implement practices to avoid the further stigmatization of historically minoritized groups, and engage in research practices that counteract existing harmful biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Cooper R, Hayes RA, Corcoran M, Sheth KN, Arnold TC, Stein JM, Glahn DC, Jalbrzikowski M. Bridging the gap: improving correspondence between low-field and high-field magnetic resonance images in young people. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1339223. [PMID: 38585353 PMCID: PMC10995930 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1339223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Portable low-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems represent a promising alternative to traditional high-field-strength systems with the potential to make MR technology available at scale in low-resource settings. However, lower image quality and resolution may limit the research and clinical potential of these devices. We tested two super-resolution methods to enhance image quality in a low-field MR system and compared their correspondence with images acquired from a high-field system in a sample of young people. Methods T1- and T2-weighted structural MR images were obtained from a low-field (64mT) Hyperfine and high-field (3T) Siemens system in N = 70 individuals (mean age = 20.39 years, range 9-26 years). We tested two super-resolution approaches to improve image correspondence between images acquired at high- and low-field: (1) processing via a convolutional neural network ('SynthSR'), and (2) multi-orientation image averaging. We extracted brain region volumes, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area estimates. We used Pearson correlations to test the correspondence between these measures, and Steiger Z tests to compare the difference in correspondence between standard imaging and super-resolution approaches. Results Single pairs of T1- and T2-weighted images acquired at low field showed high correspondence to high-field-strength images for estimates of total intracranial volume, surface area cortical volume, subcortical volume, and total brain volume (r range = 0.60-0.88). Correspondence was lower for cerebral white matter volume (r = 0.32, p = 0.007, q = 0.009) and non-significant for mean cortical thickness (r = -0.05, p = 0.664, q = 0.664). Processing images with SynthSR yielded significant improvements in correspondence for total brain volume, white matter volume, total surface area, subcortical volume, cortical volume, and total intracranial volume (r range = 0.85-0.97), with the exception of global mean cortical thickness (r = 0.14). An alternative multi-orientation image averaging approach improved correspondence for cerebral white matter and total brain volume. Processing with SynthSR also significantly improved correspondence across widespread regions for estimates of cortical volume, surface area and subcortical volume, as well as within isolated prefrontal and temporal regions for estimates of cortical thickness. Conclusion Applying super-resolution approaches to low-field imaging improves regional brain volume and surface area accuracy in young people. Finer-scale brain measurements, such as cortical thickness, remain challenging with the limited resolution of low-field systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Campbell Arnold
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joel M. Stein
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Surani Z, Turesky TK, Sullivan E, Shama T, Haque R, Islam N, Kakon SH, Yu X, Petri WA, Nelson C, Gaab N. Examining the relationship between psychosocial adversity and inhibitory control: an fMRI study of children growing up in extreme poverty. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578942. [PMID: 38370839 PMCID: PMC10871278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to psychosocial adversity (PA) is associated with poor behavioral, physical, and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Growing evidence suggests that deficits in executive functions may in part moderate these outcomes, with inhibitory control as an example of such a putative moderator. However, much of the literature examining the development of inhibitory control has been based on children in higher resource environments, and little is known how growing up in a low resource setting might exacerbate the link between inhibitory control and health outcomes. In this context we collected fMRI data during a Go/No-Go inhibitory control task and PA variables for 68 children 5 to 7 years of age living in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an area with a high prevalence of PA. The children's mothers completed behavioral questionnaires to assess the child's PA and their own PA. Whole-brain activation underlying inhibitory control was examined using the No-Go versus Go contrast, and associations with PA variables were assessed using whole-brain regressions. Childhood neglect was associated with weaker activation in the right posterior cingulate, whereas greater family conflict, economic stress, and maternal PA factors were associated with greater activation in the left medial frontal gyrus, right superior and middle frontal gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus. These data suggest that neural networks supporting inhibitory control processes may vary as a function of exposure to different types of PA, particularly between those related to threat and deprivation. Furthermore, increased activation in children with greater PA may serve as a compensatory mechanism, allowing them to maintain similar behavioral task performance.
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Hatzenbuehler ML, McLaughlin KA, Weissman DG, Cikara M. A research agenda for understanding how social inequality is linked to brain structure and function. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:20-31. [PMID: 38172629 PMCID: PMC11112523 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Consistent evidence documents powerful effects of social inequality on health, well-being and academic achievement. Yet research on whether social inequality may also be linked to brain structure and function has, until recently, been rare. Here we describe three methodological approaches that can be used to study this question-single site, single study; multi-site, single study; and spatial meta-analysis. We review empirical work that, using these approaches, has observed associations between neural outcomes and structural measures of social inequality-including structural stigma, community-level prejudice, gender inequality, neighbourhood disadvantage and the generosity of the social safety net for low-income families. We evaluate the relative strengths and limitations of these approaches, discuss ethical considerations and outline directions for future research. In doing so, we advocate for a paradigm shift in cognitive neuroscience that explicitly incorporates upstream structural and contextual factors, which we argue holds promise for uncovering the neural correlates of social inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mina Cikara
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Garcini LM, Barrita A, Cadenas GA, Rodríguez MMD, Galvan T, Mercado A, Moreno O, Paris M, Perez OFR, Silva M, Venta A. A decolonial and liberation lens to social justice research: Upholding promises for diverse, inclusive, and equitable psychological science. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023:2024-38507-001. [PMID: 38127489 PMCID: PMC11190034 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the face of harmful disparities and inequities, it is crucial for researchers to critically reflect on methodologies and research practices that can dismantle systems of oppression, accommodate pluralistic realities, and facilitate opportunities for all communities to thrive. Historically, knowledge production for the sciences has followed a colonial and colonizing approach that continues to silence and decontextualize the lived experiences of people of color. This article acknowledges the harm to people of color communities in the name of research and draws from decolonial and liberation frameworks to advance research practices and psychological science toward equity and social justice. In this article, we propose a lens rooted in decolonial and liberatory principles that researchers can use to rethink and guide their scientific endeavors and collaborations toward more ethical, equitable, inclusive, respectful, and pluralistic research practices. The proposed lens draws on literature from community psychology and our lessons learned from field studies with historically marginalized Latinx communities to highlight six interrelated tensions that are important to address in psychological research from a decolonizing and liberatory lens. These interrelated tensions involve conflicting issues of (a) power, (b) competence, (c) practices and theories, (d) rationale, (e) approach, and (f) trust. In addition, seven practical recommendations and examples for decolonial and liberatory research practices are outlined. The recommendations can assist researchers in identifying ways to ameliorate and address the interrelated tensions to give way to decolonial and liberatory research practices. Community and social justice scientists have the responsibility to decommission oppressive research practices and engage in decolonization and liberation toward a valid, ethical, equitable, and inclusive psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Picci G, Casagrande CC, Ott LR, Petro NM, Christopher‐Hayes NJ, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Okelberry HJ, Wang Y, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Wilson TW. Dehydroepiandrosterone mediates associations between trauma-related symptoms and anterior pituitary volume in children and adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6388-6398. [PMID: 37853842 PMCID: PMC10681633 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anterior pituitary gland (PG) is a potential locus of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity to early life stress, with documented associations between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and anterior PG volumes. In adults, elevated anxiety/depressive symptoms are related to diminished DHEA levels, and studies have shown a positive relationship between DHEA and anterior pituitary volumes. However, specific links between responses to stress, DHEA levels, and anterior pituitary volume have not been established in developmental samples. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans were collected from 137 healthy youth (9-17 years; Mage = 12.99 (SD = 1.87); 49% female; 85% White, 4% Indigenous, 1% Asian, 4% Black, 4% multiracial, 2% not reported). The anterior and posterior PGs were manually traced by trained raters. We examined the mediating effects of salivary DHEA on trauma-related symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic) and PG volumes as well as an alternative model examining mediating effects of PG volume on DHEA and trauma-related symptoms. RESULTS DHEA mediated the association between anxiety symptoms and anterior PG volume. Specifically, higher anxiety symptoms related to lower DHEA levels, which in turn were related to smaller anterior PG. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the neurobiological sequelae of elevated anxiety in youth and are consistent with adult findings showing suppressed levels of DHEA in those with greater comorbid anxiety and depression. Specifically, adolescents with greater subclinical anxiety may exhibit diminished levels of DHEA during the pubertal window, which may be associated with disruptions in anterior PG growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Chloe C. Casagrande
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Nathan M. Petro
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain HealthBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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17
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Church JA. The Brain's Control Networks in Reading: Insights From Cross-Task Studies of Youth. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2023; 17:257-266. [PMID: 38745918 PMCID: PMC11091959 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Humans engage multiple brain systems to read successfully, including using regions important for vision, language, and control. Control refers to the set of executive processes in the brain that guide moment-to-moment behavior in service of our goals. There is a growing appreciation for the role of the brain's control system in reading comprehension, in reading skill change over time, and in those who have difficulty with the reading process. One way to understand the brain's control engagement in reading may be to study control engagement across multiple tasks in order to study consistencies, or cross-task similarities, relative to reading-specific variations. In this commentary, I briefly summarize some of our recent work studying the brain's control networks across different tasks (e.g., when reading, or doing different executive function tasks). I then review our findings of when control activation does or does not relate to measures of reading ability, and reading growth over time. The utility of cross-task comparisons in neuroimaging is noted, as well as the need to better understand multiple sources of heterogeneity in our developmental samples. I end by discussing a few of the many future directions for further study of the brain with regard to the brain's control processing and academic achievement.
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18
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Taylor EK, Abdurokhmonova G, Romeo RR. Socioeconomic Status and Reading Development: Moving from "Deficit" to "Adaptation" in Neurobiological Models of Experience-Dependent Learning. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2023; 17:324-333. [PMID: 38148924 PMCID: PMC10750966 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the strongest predictors of student reading outcomes, and these disparities have persisted for decades. Relatedly, two underlying skills that are required for successful reading-oral language and executive function (EF)-are also the two neurocognitive domains most affected by SES. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how SES influences the neurobiology of language, EF, and their intersection, including the proximal factors that drive these relationships. We then consider the burgeoning evidence that SES systematically moderates certain brain-behavior relationships for language and EF, underscoring the importance of considering context in investigations of the neurobiological underpinnings of reading development. Finally, we discuss how disparities in reading may be conceptualized as neurobiological adaptations to adversity rather than deficit models. We conclude by suggesting that by harnessing children's stress-adapted relative strengths to support reading development, we may address opportunity gaps both ethically and efficaciously.
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Hardi FA, Goetschius LG, Tillem S, McLoyd V, Brooks-Gunn J, Boone M, Lopez-Duran N, Mitchell C, Hyde LW, Monk CS. Early childhood household instability, adolescent structural neural network architecture, and young adulthood depression: A 21-year longitudinal study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101253. [PMID: 37182338 PMCID: PMC10200816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Unstable and unpredictable environments are linked to risk for psychopathology, but the underlying neural mechanisms that explain how instability relate to subsequent mental health concerns remain unclear. In particular, few studies have focused on the association between instability and white matter structures despite white matter playing a crucial role for neural development. In a longitudinal sample recruited from a population-based study (N = 237), household instability (residential moves, changes in household composition, caregiver transitions in the first 5 years) was examined in association with adolescent structural network organization (network integration, segregation, and robustness of white matter connectomes; Mage = 15.87) and young adulthood anxiety and depression (six years later). Results indicate that greater instability related to greater global network efficiency, and this association remained after accounting for other types of adversity (e.g., harsh parenting, neglect, food insecurity). Moreover, instability predicted increased depressive symptoms via increased network efficiency even after controlling for previous levels of symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that structural connectivity involving the left fronto-lateral and temporal regions were most strongly related to instability. Findings suggest that structural network efficiency relating to household instability may be a neural mechanism of risk for later depression and highlight the ways in which instability modulates neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia A Hardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Leigh G Goetschius
- The Hilltop Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Scott Tillem
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Vonnie McLoyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Montana Boone
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Nestor Lopez-Duran
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States of America; Population Studies Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States of America
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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20
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Merikangas KR, Salum GA. Editorial: Shifting the Landscape of Child Psychiatric Epidemiology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:S0890-8567(23)00244-7. [PMID: 37201711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The results of recent surveys that show high levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression have generated widespread concern about the mental health of US youth. Although such increases and their causes require immediate action, these symptoms alone do not indicate an epidemic of mental disorders in the US because they do not reflect mental disorders that are characterized by protracted duration and educational or social impairment. Unfortunately, there are no recent comparable data on the full range of common mental disorders. (e.g., Anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Major Depression, etc.) in nationally representative samples of US youth to provide a baseline for the reported increased distress in recent surveys. Therefore, we must rely on indirect information derived from surveys of subsets of symptoms and behaviors or of restricted age groups, and web-based samples with unknown biases and limited generalizability. This editorial describes how the findings from a recent report of prevalence of mental disorders in 9-10-year-old youths from the ABCD study can contribute to the national profile of mental disorders in youth. We highlight the need to address the lack of systematic data on youth emotional and behavioral disorders in the US through concerted efforts to coordinate the multi-agency sources of data on youth mental health. This will require harmonization of sampling and methods, informed application of internet-based tools based on systematic sampling and non-probability sampling methods and promotion of efforts to bridge the gap between population-based research and interventions at both the societal and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Child Mind Institute, New York, and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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Keyes KM, Kreski NT, Joseph VA, Hamilton AD, Hatzenbuehler ML, McLaughlin KA, Weissman DG. What Is Not Measured Cannot Be Counted: Sample Characteristics Reported in Studies of Hippocampal Volume and Depression in Neuroimaging Studies. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:492-494. [PMID: 37150584 PMCID: PMC11044647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
| | - Victoria A Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Ava D Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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22
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Gui A, Perelli D, Rizzo G, Ferruzza E, Mercuriali E. Children's total blindness as a risk factor for early parent-child relationships: preliminary findings from an Italian sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1175675. [PMID: 37179868 PMCID: PMC10172482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1175675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vision provides crucial information for parent-child attunement that scaffolds social development from the first months of life. Congenital blindness might affect both parental wellbeing and children's behavior during parent-child interaction. In this study, we compared families of young children with total versus partial blindness to understand the link between residual vision, parenting stress and perceived social support, and children's behavior during parent-child interaction. Methods Participants were 42 white parents (21 fathers and 21 mothers) and their congenitally blind children (14 females, mean age = 14.81 months, SD = 10.46) with no co-occurring disability, recruited at the Robert Hollman Foundation rehabilitation centers in Italy. Parents' scores on the Parenting Stress Index and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaires, as well as children's behaviors signaling joint engagement during video-recorded episodes of parent-child interaction, were compared between the Total Blindness (TB, n = 12 children with no light perception or light perception in the dark but no quantifiable visual acuity) and Partial Blindness (PB, n = 9 children with a residual visual acuity below 3/60) groups. Results We found that parents of TB children had higher parenting stress and lower perceived social support scores than parents of PB children. In fathers, total stress and stress linked to perceiving the child as difficult negatively correlated with perceived support from friends. There was no difference in the time TB and PB children spent displaying joint engagement behaviors during parent-child interaction. However, TB children directed their gaze and face less often toward their parents than PB children. We observed a trend of association between this behavior and maternal stress. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that the complete absence of vision from birth has adverse effects on stress linked to parenting and parental perceived social support. These findings support the importance of early family-centered interventions that extend to the parents' communities and facilitate the parent-child dyad's communication through non-visual behaviors. Replication is warranted in larger and more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Emilia Ferruzza
- Department of Development and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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23
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Silvers JA, Peris TS. Research Review: The neuroscience of emerging adulthood - reward, ambiguity, and social support as building blocks of mental health. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023. [PMID: 36878602 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interval between adolescence and adulthood, 'emerging adulthood' (EA), lays the foundation for lifelong health and well-being. To date, there exist little empirical data - particularly in the neurobiological domain - to establish markers of risk and resilience during the transition to adulthood. This gap in the literature is concerning given the numerous forms of psychiatric illness that emerge or worsen during this period. METHODS In this review, we focus on two strands of research with distinct importance for EA: reward sensitivity, and tolerance of ambiguity. We begin by placing these domains in a framework that considers the unique developmental goals of EA and then synthesize emerging neurobiological research on how these domains develop during EA. We then consider their role in common mental health problems that occur during this interval as well as how social support may moderate outcomes. Finally, we offer recommendations for advancing research to understand developmental process and outcomes in EA. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Few longitudinal studies specifically address emerging adult development and the milestones that characterize this interval. Data on neurobiological development are similarly sparse. Understanding neurobiological development during this window and its links to key adjustment outcomes is crucial for optimizing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara S Peris
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Arredondo MM, Garcini LM, McLaughlin KA. Integration of Equity and Diversity Frameworks to Advance Biological Psychiatry. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1198-1199. [PMID: 35998823 PMCID: PMC9876623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Arredondo
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Luz M Garcini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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