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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sun P, Song J, Liu Y, Zhao J. The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298404. [PMID: 38598496 PMCID: PMC11006189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel. METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed. RESULTS The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xinjiang Institute for Drug Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Song
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
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Kim JH, Kim S, Park YS. Effects of a commercial whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and citric acid on dentin abrasion and erosion. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:619. [PMID: 37658357 PMCID: PMC10474654 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (HP) and citric acid (CA), key contributors to toothpaste acidity, can lead to dental loss. This study aimed to compare the amount of abrasion or loss of dentin based on pH, buffering, and concentration of HP and CA in commercial and experimental toothpastes after toothbrushing or immersion. METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were randomly assigned to nine solutions. The prepared solutions included two commercial toothpastes (whitening toothpaste [WT] with HP and CA; conventional toothpaste [CT] without HP and CA), reference slurry (RS), two CA solutions (1.92%, CAS1; 0.001%, CAS2), basic solution (7.16% sodium phosphate dibasic [SPDS]), CA phosphate buffer solution (3.58% SPDS and 0.96% CA [CAPB]), HP solution (4%, HPS), and distilled water (DW). Dentin specimens were performed in two treatments: one with only abrasion (10,000 brushings) and one with only immersion (1 h). After treatments, the amount of dentin loss and surface images were measured and observed using noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using an one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test as a post hoc analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS WT with pH 5.0 had lower dentin abrasion than CT and RS after brushing but had higher dentin loss than both after immersion. The dentin surfaces of CAS1, CAPB, and WT were damaged after immersion, whereas HPS, CAS2, CT, SPDS, RS, and DW remained intact after soaking. CAS2 and HPS, which had a pH of 5.0 like WT, did not significantly differ from those of DW after brushing. CONCLUSIONS WT containing HP and CA did not cause significant dentin abrasion but may cause additional dentin loss even without brushing. After brushing or immersion, the CA concentration may affect the dentin surface more than the HP concentration included in WT. The amount of abrasion or loss of dentin after brushing or soaking can vary based on the composition, concentration, and buffer in the solution, even if the pH of the solution is similar to pH 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Valan AS, Krithikadatta J, Sathish S. Influence of Sucrose and Arenga pinnata Solutions on Enamel Surface Demineralization: A Profilometric Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44592. [PMID: 37795052 PMCID: PMC10545917 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that has the potential to impact individuals across various life stages. The influential role of sugar as a contributing risk element in the inception and advancement of dental caries is significantly pronounced. Aim The research aim was to analyze and compare the enamel surface roughness in teeth exposed to sucrose and Arenga pinnata (palm sugar) solutions by using a stylus profilometer Materials and methods In this investigation, 34 freshly extracted anterior teeth were obtained and they were split into two groups depending on the solution in which they were immersed. Group A consists of 17 teeth immersed in 1% sucrose solution supplemented in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth solution and Group B consists of 17 teeth immersed in 1% Arenga pinnata BHI broth. Each sample served as its own control. Streptococcus mutans was inoculated into these groups and they were immersed in their respective solution for five days. A stylus profilometer was utilized to measure the surface roughness of the teeth in this study. Data analysis involved paired t-tests for intragroup comparisons and independent t-tests for intergroup comparisons using SPSS software version 23. Results After five days of exposure to palm sugar or sucrose, it was observed that there was demineralization of the enamel surface on both samples. Although there was no statistical significance (p<0.05) when an independent t-test was conducted among these samples, there was a visible increase in the numerical values of Ra, Rq, Rz of teeth exposed to sucrose compared to palm sugar with a p-value of 0.529, 0.122 and 0.357, respectively. Conclusion From this study, it was concluded that although both sucrose and Arenga pinnata cause demineralization of enamel, it was shown that the latter caused lesser demineralization when compared to refined sugars to a certain extent. This study establishes a foundation for forthcoming investigations that could potentially explore the utilization of natural sugars as a substitute for sucrose, while also evaluating the mechanistic aspects underlying the impact of these sugars on enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Sylvea Valan
- Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jogikalmat Krithikadatta
- Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sashwat Sathish
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Pattem J, Field J, Waterhouse PJ, German MJ. The dynamic interplay of dietary acid pH and concentration during early-stage human enamel and dentine erosion. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion continues to be a significant global health concern affecting nearly 30% of adults world-wide. With increasing soft drink consumption predominantly driving its prevalence, strategies for prevention and control are often implemented when erosion is severe, or rates are high in the populace. While factors affecting dental erosion such as pH on enamel has received much attention, the effect of dietary acid concentration when factored out to a commercially available pH has yet to be determined. Furthermore, understanding these effects on dentine, which is known to be more susceptible to erosion than enamel can unravel structure property relationships between acid characteristics and hard tissue types. This study aimed to develop structure-property relationships between dietary acid concentration, and pH, on the nano-textural and nano-mechanical properties of human enamel and dentine during short-term simulated drinking. To achieve this, a novel sample preparation methodology and analysis approach was developed by applying atomic force microscopy (AFM) in quantitative imaging mode. This enabled simultaneous measurement of enamel and dentine morphology and mechanical properties. Flow-cells were used to simulate drinking, exposing polished and smear layer free human enamel and dentine to 30 s repeated cycles of unbuffered citric acid 6% (pH = 1.88) and 1% (w/v) (pH = 2.55) and commercially available buffered pH = 3.8 states, for up to 180 s. The same 50 µm × 50 µm area of specimen morphology was analysed using in-house developed nanotextural analysis using the bearing area curve (BAC) with a focus on roughness (Ra), normalised peak (PA) and valley areas (VA). Mechanical properties were simultaneously measured for stiffness (N/m) after each 30 s. While all studies agree pH is a major factor in the erosion of enamel, here its dominance over the treatment time varied, with concentration surpassing the importance of pH after initial acid contact. Conversely, dentine erosion showed concentration-dependent changes in morpho-mechanical properties only. These results not only highlight the dynamic process of erosion, but how the interplay between acid characteristics and dental tissue type impact the progression of very early-stage erosion.
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Devadiga D, Shetty P, Hegde MN. Characterization of dynamic process of carious and erosive demineralization - an overview. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:454-462. [PMID: 36506627 PMCID: PMC9733543 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_161_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To review the analytical methods for carious and erosive demineralization an initial search of peer-reviewed scientific literature from the digital library database of PubMed/Medline indexed journals published up to early 2022 was carried out based on keywords relevant to the topic criteria including bibliographic citations from the papers to gather the most updated information. This current review aims to provide an updated overview of the advantages, limitations, and potential applications of direct and indirect research methods available for studying various dynamic stages of carious and erosive demineralization in enamel and dentin. This paper categorizes and describes the most suitable, frequently adopted and widely used quantitative and qualitative techniques in in vitro/in vivo research which are well-established, emerging, or comparatively novel techniques that are being explored for their potential validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Devadiga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Darshana Devadiga, Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Pushparaj Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mithra N. Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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A novel non-destructive technique for qualitative and quantitative measurement of dental erosion in its entirety by porosity and bulk tissue-loss. J Dent 2021; 110:103688. [PMID: 33961936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential of combining non-contact profilometry (NCP) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) data to measure the entire erosive process non-destructively and to validate findings using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface microhardness (SMH) using the same samples throughout. METHODS Polished bovine enamel samples (n = 35) were divided into groups (7/group) with similar SMH values. Samples underwent individual erosive challenges (1 % citric acid, pH3.8) for 1, 5, 10, 15 or 30 min under stirring and aliquot extracts were analysed for Ca and P by ICP-AES. SMH was used to measure erosive softening. Profilometry was used to assess bulk volume loss (BVL). Images were captured by SEM. Samples were stained with rhodamine-B (0.1 mM, 24 h) and images captured by CLSM. Image processing was used to determine changes in fluorescent volume for the first 10 μm (ΔFV10) for each enamel sample which were combined with BVL to calculate total lesion volume (TLV). ANOVA, linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used where applicable. RESULTS Surface softening, [Ca], [P], BVL and ΔFV10μm increased with acid erosion duration which were significant by 10 min (P < .01). The Ca:P ratio increased to 1.57 then decreased after 5 min erosion suggesting a sub/surface phase change, which was observed by SEM and CLSM showing significant changes to the enamel surface and subsurface morphology with time. Combination of BVL and ΔFV10 as TLV strengthened the significant correlations with [Ca], [P], and SMH (P < .01). CONCLUSION This novel combination of CLSM and NCP allows for concurrent non-destructive quantification of the entire erosive process by mineral loss, and qualitatively characterise microstructural changes during dental erosion.
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Abstract
The difficulty in obtaining human teeth that are caries-free that have similar environmental exposure, e.g., diet intake and water fluoridation has lead researchers to opt for bovine teeth as a substitute for erosion studies. Bovine mandibular incisors are readily available at abattoirs and often originate from the same region and are likely to consume similar dietary intake. The bovine teeth for erosion or abrasion studies usually undergo specimen preparation to produce a "flat surface" baseline specimen. Among other terms used to define baseline specimens for erosion and abrasion studies include phrases like "optically flat" and "flat and smooth surface." However, these terms might have no quantitative value as it does not justify the actual surface characteristics of the prepared flattened surface. In dentistry, roughness average (Ra) is the most commonly used parameter when reporting the roughness of specimens Reporting Ra alone might not be sufficient as it does not provide information regarding the surface texture as there is no distinction between valleys and peaks, nor does it provide information about the core structure of a material unlike the bearing area curve. The incorporation of Ra and BAP values in baseline specimens has the potential in predicting the wear or lubricating potential of these specimens. Furthermore, standardization of baseline specimens by acknowledging its surface roughness values ensures comparability of erosion and abrasion studies as different specimen preparation technique might influence the outcome or results of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Ishak
- Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James Field
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Roointan S, Tavakolian P, Sivagurunathan KS, Mandelis A, Abrams SH. Detection and monitoring of early dental caries and erosion using three-dimensional enhanced truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210053R. [PMID: 33928770 PMCID: PMC8084349 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.4.046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries is the most common oral disease, with significant effects on healthcare systems and quality of life. Developing diagnostic methods for early caries detection is key to reducing this burden and enabling non-invasive treatment as opposed to the drill-and-fill approach. AIM The application of a thermophotonic-based 3D imaging modality [enhanced truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography (eTC-PCT)] to early dental caries is investigated. To this end, the detection threshold, sensitivity, and 3D lesion reconstruction capability of eTC-PCT in imaging artificially generated caries and surface erosion are evaluated. APPROACH eTC-PCT employs a diode laser with pulsed excitation, a mid-IR camera, and an in-house developed image reconstruction algorithm to produce depth-resolved 2D images and 3D reconstructions. Starting with healthy teeth, dental caries and surface erosion are simulated in vitro through application of specific demineralizing/eroding acidic solutions. RESULTS eTC-PCT can detect artificial caries as early as 2 days after onset of artificial demineralization and after 45 s of surface erosion, with a laser power equivalent to 64% of maximum permissible exposure. In both cases, the lesion is not visible to the eye and undetected by x-rays. eTC-PCT is capable of monitoring lesion progression in 2-day increments and generating 3D tomographic reconstructions of the advancing lesion. CONCLUSIONS eTC-PCT shows great potential for further development as a dental imaging modality combining low detection threshold, high sensitivity to lesion progression, 3D reconstruction capability, and lack of ionizing radiation. These features enable early diagnosis and frequent monitoring, making eTC-PCT a promising technology for facilitating preventive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Roointan
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pantea Tavakolian
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute for Advanced Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Diagnostic Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koneswaran S. Sivagurunathan
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute for Advanced Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Diagnostic Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Quantum Dental Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- University of Toronto, Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute for Advanced Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Diagnostic Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Quantum Dental Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Andreas Mandelis,
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Cardoso F, Boteon AP, Silva TAPD, Prakki A, Wang L, HonÓrio HM. In situ effect of a proanthocyanidin mouthrinse on dentin subjected to erosion. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200051. [PMID: 33111880 PMCID: PMC9648961 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin has been shown to be efficient in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Cardoso
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Boteon
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Tamires Alves Pereira da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- University of Toronto , Faculty of Dentistry , Department of Clinical Sciences (Restorative) , Toronto , Canada
| | - Linda Wang
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Heitor Marques HonÓrio
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva , Bauru , Brasil
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Gordon-Soffer R, Weiss LE, Eshel R, Ferdman B, Nehme E, Bercovici M, Shechtman Y. Microscopic scan-free surface profiling over extended axial ranges by point-spread-function engineering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabc0332. [PMID: 33115742 PMCID: PMC7608779 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The shape of a surface, i.e., its topography, influences many functional properties of a material; hence, characterization is critical in a wide variety of applications. Two notable challenges are profiling temporally changing structures, which requires high-speed acquisition, and capturing geometries with large axial steps. Here, we leverage point-spread-function engineering for scan-free, dynamic, microsurface profiling. The presented method is robust to axial steps and acquires full fields of view at camera-limited framerates. We present two approaches for implementation: fluorescence-based and label-free surface profiling, demonstrating the applicability to a variety of sample geometries and surface types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Gordon-Soffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lucien E Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ran Eshel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Boris Ferdman
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elias Nehme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Moran Bercovici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Shechtman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Roque-Torres GD, Kwon SR, Oyoyo U, Li Y. Measurement of erosion depth using microcomputed tomography and light microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1450-1455. [PMID: 32681812 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tooth-erosion is the surface loss of dental hard tissue mostly associated with an acid attack. The aim was to compare dentin and enamel erosion depth measurements using micro-computed tomography (microCT) and light microscopy (LM). Enamel/dentin blocks were prepared from caries-free human molar-teeth (N = 12). Teeth were sectioned to a rectangular shape of 4 × 4 × 6 mm. Specimens were treated with water (NC) or 1.0% citric-acid solution (PC). After treatment, specimens were scanned with micro-computed tomography. On completion, specimens were sectioned and observed under a light-microscope. Lesion depth was observed with 10× magnification and images transferred to Simpleware software. Vertical distance from lesion surface to bottom was measured. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate correlation and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to evaluate differences in the two-analysis methods. Mean enamel erosion depth was 0.63 and 38.38 μm (microCT) and 0.54 and 39.43 μm (LM) for NC and PC, respectively. Dentin erosion depth was 0.72 and 48.05 μm (microCT) and 0.56 and 49.92 μm (LM) for NC and PC, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the two-analysis methods (r = 0.998; p < .001). No statistically significant difference in results were obtained when microCT and LM were compared (p = .584). This results obtained from the current study suggested that erosion depth measurements made using microCT and LM yielded comparable results. The microCT method is preferred if the conservation of specimens is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Delia Roque-Torres
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Udochukwu Oyoyo
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Ajithaprasad S, Ramaiah J, Gannavarpu R. Dynamic noncontact surface profilometry using a fast eigenspace method in diffraction phase microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:5796-5802. [PMID: 32609707 DOI: 10.1364/ao.393845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic measurement of surface profile is an important requirement in nondestructive testing, especially for the inspection of large samples with consecutive area scans or test objects under translation. In this paper, we propose the application of an eigenspace signal analysis method in diffraction phase microscopy for reliable and noncontact dynamic surface metrology. We also propose the inclusion of a graphics processing unit (GPU) computing framework in our method to enable fast interferogram processing for dynamics-based investigations. The practical viability of the proposed method is demonstrated for noninvasive nanoscale topography of a test target.
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Olley RC, Alhaij S, Mohsen BM, Appleton PL, Chadwick RG, Ball G. Novel Confocal-Laser-Scanning-Microscopy and conventional measures investigating eroded dentine following dentifrice dab-on and brushing abrasion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03282. [PMID: 32154400 PMCID: PMC7056675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To validate novel non-contacting Confocal-Laser-Scanning-Microscopy (CLSM) methodology with conventional Contacting Profilometry (CP) measures investigating brushing or dab-on of stannous-fluoride dentifrice on early aggressive dentine erosion. Methods 75 polished human dentine samples were prepared and eroded in agitated 6% citric acid then randomly allocated into 5 intervention groups; artificial saliva control (1); controlled use of a pressure sensitive counter-rotating oscillatory powered toothbrush with sodium-fluoride NaF (2) or stannous-fluoride SnF2 (3), and dab-on application of NaF (4) or SnF2 (5). Samples underwent three cycles of intervention and 2-min agitated 6 % citric acid challenges. CLSM images were taken and 3D reconstructions produced of step height using a developed software algorithm. In addition, 20 % samples were randomised and profiled using CP to measure step height and surface roughness. Vickers's diamond micro-hardness testing was carried out on all samples. Results Comparing CLSM and CP; Pearson correlation was 0.77 and Intra-class correlation 0.81 (p = 0.01). There were no significant statistical differences in step height between groups using both CLSM and CP. From baseline, SnF2 brushing (3) increased micro-hardness more than control (1) (p = 0.03), NaF (4) and SnF2 dab-on (5) (p ≤ 0.001), and increased surface roughness more than control (p = 0.02), NaF brushing (2) and NaF dab-on (4) (p ≤ 0.017). Dab-on of SnF2 (5) produced rougher surfaces than control (1) (p = 0.014) and reduced hardness compared with NaF brushing (p = 0.04). Conclusions Good agreement and correlation exists between CLSM and CP measures in dentine. There were no significant differences in surface loss after interventions between groups. Compared with control, SnF2 application increased dentine surface roughness and SnF2 controlled powered brushing application increased dentine hardness, likely caused by exposure of uneroded dentine. Clinical significance Isosurfaces produced using CLSM can be used to represent dentine step height loss. They show good correlation and agreement with conventional CP measures, following early aggressive erosion-abrasion cycles of dentine. The CLSM and computer algorithm therefore provides an accurate, standalone and non-contacting three-dimensional measurement of early dentine wear. Stannous-fluoride brushing, and dab-on application offer no benefits following early aggressive erosion in dentine. To reduce dentine wear, limiting erosive challenges and avoiding brushing post-erosion is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Olley
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, UK.,Cardiff University, School of Dentistry, University Hospital Wales, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Graeme Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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Alnasser M, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Suzuki M, Ghaffari R, Ali A. Effect of acidic pH on surface roughness of esthetic dental materials. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:567.e1-567.e8. [PMID: 31699448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Exposure to gastric acid in patients with bulimia nervosa and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes demineralization of hard tooth structures. This chemical attack also causes the degradation of dental ceramics, which results in increased surface roughness and reduced strength. However, studies comparing the effect of acidic pH on resin matrix ceramic with other computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) esthetic materials are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the surface roughness changes of different CAD-CAM restorative dental materials after exposure to acidic pH by using a 3D optical interferometer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five esthetic CAD-CAM block materials, a leucite glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD), a zirconia (BruxZir Solid Zirconia), a resin matrix ceramic (VITA Enamic), a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), and a feldspathic porcelain (VITABLOCS Mark II CAD) were tested. Eighteen specimens were sectioned from CAD-CAM blocks into 2-mm-thick rectangular plates and immersed in 10 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) with (pH=2) at 37 °C for 45 and 91 hours. The surface roughness average (Ra) of the specimens was measured by using a 3D optical interferometer before the storage period (baseline), after 45 hours, and after 91 hours of exposure to HCl. Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post hoc Dunn test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS Regarding the comparison of surface roughness changes at different periods of evaluation (baseline, 45 hours, 91 hours), there were no statistically significant differences for lithium disilicate (P=.063) or zirconia (P=.513). Leucite glass-ceramic, feldspathic porcelain, and the resin matrix ceramic demonstrated statistically significant differences (P<.001). For all tests that were statistically significant, greater surface roughness was found at the time point with the longer HCl exposure. Regarding the comparison of materials in terms of change in surface roughness between baseline to 45 hours and baseline to 91 hours, the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a statistically significant difference among the materials in both cases (P<.001). Lithium disilicate and zirconia exhibited the least change in surface roughness among the 5 materials. CONCLUSIONS Leucite glass-ceramic, feldspathic porcelain, and resin matrix ceramic showed statistically significant increases in surface roughness when they were exposed to simulated gastric acid for 45 and 91 hours. Lithium disilicate and zirconia showed no statistically significant change in surface roughness after exposure to HCl for 45 and 91 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsen Alnasser
- Resident, Advanced Graduate Education in Implantology, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass.
| | - Matthew Finkelman
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Aikaterini Papathanasiou
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Marcelo Suzuki
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Ruby Ghaffari
- Associate Professor, Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Ala Ali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
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Maia AC, Mangabeira A, Vieira R, Neves ADA, Lopes RT, Pires TM, Viana GM, Cabral LM, Cavalcante LM, Portela MB. Experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates reduce demineralization at enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e175-e183. [PMID: 31204047 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium monomers (QAM) at different concentrations and alkyl chains on demineralization at enamel-composite margins after cariogenic challenge. METHODS Standardized 4×4mm cavities were cut into 35 bovine enamel blocks, which were randomly divided into seven groups (n=5) and restored with the following experimental composites and commercial materials: (G12.5) - 5% dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with a 12-carbon alkyl chain (G12.10) - 10% DMADDM, (G16.5) - 5% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) with a 16-carbon alkyl chain (G16.10) - 10% DMAHDM, (CG) - control group (without QAM), (GZ250) - commercial composite (Filtek Z250®), and (GIC) - glass ionomer cement (Maxxion R®). After restorative procedures, initial microhardness was measured and experimental composites were subjected to Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation for 48h. After cariogenic challenge, the samples were washed and microhardness was reassessed. A 3D non-contact profilometer was used to determine surface roughness and enamel demineralization was assessed by micro-CT. Microhardness results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and micro-CT results were analyzed by Tukey's HSD test (95% confidence interval). RESULTS None of the materials could prevent mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins. The addition of 10% DMAHDM yielded the lowest, albeit statistically significant, mineral loss (p<0.05). 3D non-contact profilometry showed enamel surface roughness modification after biofilm exposure. The CG had the highest roughness values. Micro-CT analysis revealed mineral loss, except for GIC. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of 10% QAM with a 16-carbon chain in experimental composites reduced mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Coimbra Maia
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Mangabeira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Vieira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Maria Pires
- Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gil Mendes Viana
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório TIF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Mendes Cabral
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório TIF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Cavalcante
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biomateriais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida - UVA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Wang YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CH, Lin CP. Strontium ion can significantly decrease enamel demineralization and prevent the enamel surface hardness loss in acidic environment. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kumar S, Keeling A, Osnes C, Bartlett D, O'Toole S. The sensitivity of digital intraoral scanners at measuring early erosive wear. J Dent 2018; 81:39-42. [PMID: 30578831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the sensitivity of intraoral scanners to quantitatively detect early erosive tooth wear. METHODS Natural buccal enamel samples were mounted in acrylic and scanned at baseline with an intraoral scanner (3 M True Definition Scanner, 3 M, USA). Samples were then exposed to 0.3% citric acid pH 3.2 at intervals of 10 min up to a total of 120 min and scanned after each exposure resulting in analysis of 13 datapoints per sample. Each scan was aligned with the baseline and data points super-imposed using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm on the acrylic surfaces (Geomagic Control Software, 3Dsystems, Darmstadt, Germany). Wear was measured using maximum profile loss, average profile loss and volume change. Data were normally distributed and Pearson correlations between erosion time and wear measurements assessed. RESULTS After each 10-minute exposure until 120 min, maximum profile loss (μm) increased from 33.4 to 72.8 μm, average profile loss from 9.1 to 18.6 μm. Wear correlated with increasing acid exposure for both maximum profile loss wear (r = 0.877 p < 0.001) and average profile loss (r = 0.663 p = 0.019) respectively. Volume measurements were inconsistent at this level of wear. CONCLUSIONS Using scan data obtained from the intra oral scanners (IOS), increasing step height changes were observed with increasing exposures to acid. This study indicates there is potential of scans taken with an IOS to be used to detect early erosive tooth wear. However, precision was low suggesting limitations for minimal changes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although sub-visual wear was detected by intra-oral scanners on natural enamel surfaces, the accuracy was not sufficient to reliably diagnose that wear had occurred and interpretation of measurements should be done with caution. However, these results may be promising for detecting wear at more advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Centre of Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London Dental Institute, UK
| | - Andrew Keeling
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Cecilie Osnes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - David Bartlett
- Centre of Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London Dental Institute, UK
| | - Saoirse O'Toole
- Centre of Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King's College London Dental Institute, UK.
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The Influence of Suspension Containing Nanodiamonds on the Morphology of the Tooth Tissue Surface in Atomic Force Microscope Observations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9856851. [PMID: 30519594 PMCID: PMC6241359 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9856851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reduced friction and wear of materials after the use of the carbon nanomaterials including nanodiamonds (NDs) have been confirmed by several studies in material engineering. Mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface by brush bristles should leave as little tissue roughened as possible. Higher surface roughness increases the tissue's wear and encourages the redeposition of the bacteria and the colouring agents present in the diet. Therefore, we evaluated the tooth tissues' surface's morphological changes after brushing them with the NDs suspension. Ten human teeth were brushed with the NDs aqueous suspension. The surfaces were observed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We found that the nature of the tissue surface became milder and smoother. A number of selected profilometric parameters were compared before and after brushing. We observed that brushing with the suspension of NDs resulted in a significant reduction in the enamel and dentine's surface roughness both in the range of the average parameters (Ra; p-0,0019) and in the detailed parameters (Rsk; p-0,048 and Rku; p-0,036). We concluded that the NDs used in the oral hygiene applications have a potentially protective effect on the enamel and the dentine's surfaces.
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Olympio KPK, Huila MFG, de Almeida Baldini Cardoso C, da Silva Ferreira APS, Ortiz AG, Toma HE, da Silva RHA, Luz MS, Cardoso MRA, Kelmer GAR, de Oliveira PV, Bechara EJH, Günther WMR, Buzalaf MAR. Can in vivo surface dental enamelmicrobiopsies be used to measure remote lead exposure? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9322-9329. [PMID: 29264857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring lead in the surface dental enamel (SDE) using biopsies is a rapid, safe, and painless procedure. The dental enamel lead levels (DELLs) decrease from the outermost superficial layer to the inner layer of dental enamel, which becomes crucial for the biopsy depth (BD) measurement. However, whether the origin of lead found in SDE is fully endogenous is not yet established. There is also controversy about the biopsy protocol. The aims of this study were to investigate if DELLs are altered by extrinsic contamination (A) and to evaluate the real geometric figure formed by the erosion provoked by biopsy procedure and the respective BD in SDE (B). To accomplish the aim A, lead from 90 bovine incisor crowns lead was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer as a function of exposure time and lead concentration. Two biopsies were performed in each tooth, before and after lead exposure. Six 15-tooth groups differed by exposure time (1 or 30 min) and lead concentrations (A. 0 mg/L-placebo, B. 0.01 mg/L-standard for drinking water, or C. 0.06 mg/L-concentration found in contaminated groundwater). Phosphorus was determined by an inductively coupled plasm optical emission spectrometer to quantify the enamel removed. To compare intakes/losses of lead in SDE among the groups, values of DELL differences between before and after lead exposure were compared by ANOVA (p < 0.05). To attain the objective B, one extracted human permanent tooth was studied by confocal Raman microscopy. Lead measurements and the surface profile were determined. There was no difference in DELL among the groups (p = 0.964). The biopsy bottom surface area, analyzed by microscopy, showed an irregular area, with regions of peaks and valleys, where areas with depth ranging from 0.2 (peaks) to 1.8 μm (valleys) (± 0.1 μm) could be found. BD carried out in vivo is commonly calculated using the cylinder height formula. The real BD was shown to be very similar to already published data. In conclusion, the SDE of erupted teeth does not seem to be susceptible to environmental lead intake, being thus reliable to measure remote exposures to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Fernando Gonzalez Huila
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Almeida Baldini Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, área de concentração Odontopediatria, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (UNICSUL), Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Garcia Ortiz
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Saúde Coletiva e Odontologia Legal, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Henrique Eisi Toma
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Saúde Coletiva e Odontologia Legal, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Centro de Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos (CTMM/LPM), Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Alves Cardoso
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Gislayne Aparecida Rodrigues Kelmer
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Etelvino José Henriques Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Wanda Maria Risso Günther
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Alameda Otávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Nova Cidade Universitária, Bauru, SP, CEP 17012-901, Brazil
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Chinelatti MA, Tirapelli C, Corona SAM, Jasinevicius RG, Peitl O, Zanotto ED, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Effect of a Bioactive Glass Ceramic on the Control of Enamel and Dentin Erosion Lesions. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:489-497. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a bioactive glass ceramic for the control of erosion and caries lesions. Fragments (n=10) of bovine enamel and root dentin received daily application of different treatments (Biosilicate; Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride- APF; Untreated - control) during the performance of erosive cycles. Surfaces were analyzed with 3D optical profilometry to quantify the superficial loss in four periods (1, 7, 14 and 21 days), as well as the lesion depth with confocal laser scanning microscopy. For caries progression assessment, initial Knoop microhardness was measured on enamel bovine fragments. Initial carious lesions were developed and specimens were divided into three groups (n=10), according to the daily topical application (Biosilicate; APF; no application - control), during the de-remineralization cycles for 14 days. Final microhardness was obtained to calculate the change of surface microhardness. Subsurface demineralization was analyzed using cross-sectional microhardness (depths 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 220 µm). Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=5%). Results of erosive evaluation showed that Biosilicate promoted the lowest (p<0.05) values of surface loss, regardless of time, for both enamel and dentin; APF promoted lower (p<0.05) surface loss than control; analyzing different periods of time, APF did not show difference (p>0.05) between 14 and 21 days of demineralization. Results of enamel caries assessment showed that Biosilicate resulted in higher (p<0.05) surface and subsurface microhardness than both APF and control-applications. It may be concluded that Biosilicate application showed a higher potential to reduce surface loss and development of erosion and caries lesions.
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Gyurkovics M, Baumann T, Carvalho TS, Assunção CM, Lussi A. In vitro evaluation of modified surface microhardness measurement, focus variation 3D microscopy and contact stylus profilometry to assess enamel surface loss after erosive-abrasive challenges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175027. [PMID: 28380015 PMCID: PMC5381902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare surface loss values after erosion-abrasion cycles obtained with modified surface microhardness measurement (mSMH), focus variation 3D microscopy (FVM) and contact stylus profilometry (CSP). We cut human molars into buccal and lingual halves, embedded them in resin and ground 200 μm of enamel away. The resulting surfaces were polished. To maintain a reference area, we applied Block-Out resin to partly cover the enamel surface. The samples were incubated in artificial saliva (37°C; 1 h), then rinsed in deionized water (10 s) and dried with oil-free air (5 s). We immersed the specimens individually in 30 mL citric acid (1%, pH 3.6) for 2 min (25°C, 70 rpm dynamic conditions) before brushing them (50 strokes, 200 g) in an automatic brushing machine with toothpaste-slurry. We calculated the surface loss as per mSMH, by re-measuring the length of the same six indentations made before the abrasive challenge. The experiment consisted of five experimental groups that received between 2 and 10 erosion-abrasion cycles. Each group contained 15 specimens and samples in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 underwent a total of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cycles, respectively. The resin was removed from the reference area in one piece under 10× magnification and the FVM and CSP were performed. Agreement between the methods was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and depicted in Bland-Altman plots. All methods presented a linear pattern of surface loss measurements throughout the experiment, leading overall to a strong, statistically significant correlation between the methods (ICC = 0.85; p<0.001). So, despite the different surface loss values, all methods presented consistent results for surface loss measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milán Gyurkovics
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristiane Meira Assunção
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Joshi M, Joshi N, Kathariya R, Angadi P, Raikar S. Techniques to Evaluate Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE01-ZE07. [PMID: 27891489 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17996.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews different techniques for evaluating dental erosion, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and presents the latest trends in the study of dental erosion. In May 2014, an initial search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1975 to 2013 using the following keywords: dental erosion; dental erosion In-vitro; and dental erosion in-vivo. Bibliographic citations from the papers found were then used to find other useful sources. The authors categorize the techniques into three classes: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-vitro/in-vivo. The article discusses the instrumentation required to use each of these techniques, as well as their rationale, merits and applications. The emergence of in-vitro/in-vivo techniques offers the potential to accurately quantify tooth wear in clinical situations. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies show that these techniques will improve diagnosis, treatment planning and management of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Joshi
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, Dr. DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Angadi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre , Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonal Raikar
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil Dental School, Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Pignatelli I, Kumar A, Shah K, Balonis M, Bauchy M, Wu B, Sant G. Vertical scanning interferometry: A new method to quantify re-/de-mineralization dynamics of dental enamel. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e251-e261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Austin R, Giusca C, Macaulay G, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and area-scale analysis used to quantify enamel surface textural changes from citric acid demineralization and salivary remineralization in vitro. Dent Mater 2016; 32:278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ersahan S, Alakus Sabuncuoglu F. Effect of surface treatment on enamel surface roughness. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2016; 50:1-8. [PMID: 28955549 PMCID: PMC5573447 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of different methods of surface treatment on enamel roughness. Materials and Methods: Ninety human maxillary
first premolars were randomly divided into three
groups (n=30) according to type of enamel surface
treatment: I, acid etching; II, Er:YAG laser; III,
Nd:YAG laser. The surface roughness of enamel was
measured with a noncontact optical profilometer.
For each enamel sample, two readings were taken
across the sample—before enamel surface treatment
(T1) and after enamel surface treatment (T2). The
roughness parameter analyzed was the average
roughness (Ra). Statistical analysis was performed
using a Paired sample t test and the post-hoc Mann-
Whitney U test, with the significance level set at 0.05. Results: The highest Ra (average roughness) values were observed for Group II, with a significant difference with Groups I and III (P<0.001). Ra values for the acid etching group (Group I) were
significantly lower than other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Surface treatment of enamel with Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser results in significantly higher Ra than acid-etching. Both Er:YAG laser or Nd:YAG laser can be
recommended as viable treatment alternatives to acid etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Ersahan
- Department of Endodontics Center for Dental Sciences Beytepe Hospital Turkey
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Azadi-Schossig P, Becker K, Attin T. Chelating effect of citric acid is negligible for development of enamel erosions. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1577-87. [PMID: 26572529 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Citric acid (CA) is a component in beverages responsible for dental erosion. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of CA with different pH, titratable acid and buffer capacity (ß), and the impact of the chelating effect of CA on development of enamel erosions. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a superfusion model, hydroxy apatite (HAp) dissolution of bovine enamel was measured in four experiments (EXP 1-4) with 27 experimental groups (n = 8 per group). The samples were superfused with different CA variations and respective controls. EXP-1: Dilution series of HCl (pH 2.15-3.02). EXP-2: Dilution series of natural CA (56-1.75 mmol l(-1); pH 2.15-3.02). EXP-3: CA solutions (56 and 14 mmol l(-1), ß: 39.7 and 10.2 mmol l(-1) pH(-1), respectively) with different titratable acidity at equal pH values. EXP-4: CA concentrations (56-1.75 mmol l(-1)) neutralized to pH 7. RESULTS CA led to higher HAp-dissolution than HCl. With higher pH, the difference in HAp-dissolution rate between the two acids became increasingly smaller. At equal pH, HAp-dissolution was higher for the CA with the higher amount of titratable acid. However, no clear correlation between erosion and titratable acid or ß could be found. Only minimal amounts of HAp were dissolved by neutralized CA compared to CA with natural pH. CONCLUSION Under the chosen conditions chelating effects of CA do not have a relevant influence of HAp-dissolution of enamel. Moreover, amount of HAp-dissolution by CA is not attributed to a single factor alone. The interplay between the different parameters of CA seems to be responsible for its erosive potential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The erosive potential of solutions containing citric acid with unknown concentrations could not be predicted using a single parameter alone, and should at best determined in experimental set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastu Azadi-Schossig
- Center of Dentistry, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Becker
- Center of Dentistry, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Center of Dentistry, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, CH, Switzerland.
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de Macedo HS, Colucci V, Messias DCF, Rached-Júnior FJA, Fernandes FS, Silva-Sousa YTC, Raucci-Neto W. Effect of Nd:YAG (1064-nm) and Diode Laser (980-nm) EDTA Agitation on Root Dentin Ultrastructure Properties. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:349-56. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Colucci
- Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto–UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Walter Raucci-Neto
- Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto–UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review defines dentine sensitivity (DS), its prevalence, its aetiology, the mechanism(s) responsible for DS, its diagnosis and its treatment. The review then examines the modes of action of various treatments for DS including potassium salts, strontium salts, bioglasses, arginine/calcium carbonate and professional treatments such as adhesives and oxalates. The methods used to evaluate the various treatment modalities are discussed, including laboratory studies and randomised controlled clinical trials. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Medline and Cochrane reviews for information on DS and its treatments, as well as laboratory and clinical studies used to evaluate the efficacy of various DS treatments. With regard to efficacy of treatments for DS only reports of clinical studies that were randomised, controlled and blinded were reviewed. The authors offer new insights into the shortcomings of the recent systematic review of the use of oxalates for DS. CONCLUSION The authors introduce the concept of a novel desensitising mouthrinse containing 1.4% potassium oxalate: Listerine® Advanced Defence Sensitive mouthrinse. Readers of this supplement issue of the Journal of Dentistry are invited to review the significance of managing the clinical problem of DS. They are also invited to assess data from laboratory and randomised controlled clinical studies in order to understand the advantages offered by regular use of 1.4% potassium oxalate-containing mouthrinse, Listerine Advanced Defence Sensitive, in particular its resistance to daily erosive and/or abrasive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzourani
- Oral Care Scientific and Professional Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Services EAME Ltd, Foundation Park, Maidenhead, UK
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29
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Soares LES, De Carvalho Filho ACB. Protective effect of fluoride varnish and fluoride gel on enamel erosion: roughness, SEM-EDS, and µ-EDXRF studies. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:240-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Dental Materials and Operative Dentistry Department; School of Dentistry; Research and Development Institute; IP&D, Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; UNIVAP, LEVB, São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
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Barac R, Gasic J, Trutic N, Sunaric S, Popovic J, Djekic P, Radenkovic G, Mitic A. Erosive Effect of Different Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface in vitro: Application of Stylus Profilometry. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:451-7. [PMID: 26111496 PMCID: PMC5588266 DOI: 10.1159/000433435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the erosive potential of various soft drinks by measuring initial pH and titratable acidity (TA) and to evaluate enamel surface roughness using different exposure times. MATERIALS AND METHODS The initial pH of the soft drinks (group 1: Coca-Cola; group 2: orange juice; group 3: Cedevita; group 4: Guarana, and group 5: strawberry yoghurt) was measured using a pH meter, and TA was measured by titration with NaOH. Enamel samples (n = 96), cut from unerupted human third molars, were randomly assigned to 6 groups: experimental (groups 1-5) and control (filtered saliva). The samples were exposed to 50 ml of soft drinks for 15, 30 and 60 min, 3 times daily, during 10 days. Between immersions, the samples were kept in filtered saliva. Enamel surface roughness was measured by diamond stylus profilometer using the following roughness parameters: Ra, Rq, Rz, and Ry. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests. RESULTS The pH values of the soft drinks ranged from 2.52 (Guarana) to 4.21 (strawberry yoghurt). Orange juice had the highest TA, requiring 5.70 ml of NaOH to reach pH 7.0, whereas Coca-Cola required only 1.87 ml. Roughness parameters indicated that Coca-Cola had the strongest erosion potential during the 15 min of exposure, while Coca-Cola and orange juice were similar during 30- and 60-min exposures. There were no significant differences related to all exposure times between Guarana and Cedevita. Strawberry yoghurt did not erode the enamel surface regardless of the exposure time. CONCLUSION All of the tested soft drinks except yoghurt were erosive. Erosion of the enamel surfaces exposed to Coca-Cola, orange juice, Cedevita, and Guarana was directly proportional to the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Barac
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
- *Radomir Barac, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevard dr Zorana Djindjica 81, RS-18000 Nis (Serbia), E-Mail
| | - Jovanka Gasic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | - Natasa Trutic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Popovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | - Petar Djekic
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Sciences, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Goran Radenkovic
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Sciences, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mitic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
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Schwendicke F, Felstehausen G, Carey C, Dörfer C. Comparison of four methods to assess erosive substance loss of dentin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108064. [PMID: 25229410 PMCID: PMC4168231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosion of dentin results in a complex multi-layered lesion. Several methods have been used to measure erosive substance loss of dentin, but were found to have only limited agreement, in parts because they assess different structural parameters. The present study compared the agreement of four different methods (transversal microradiography [TMR], Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy [CLSM], Laser Profilometry [LPM] and modified Knoop Hardness measurement [KHM]) to measure erosive substance loss in vitro. Ninety-six dentin specimens were prepared from bovine roots, embedded, ground, polished and covered with nail-varnish except for an experimental window. Erosion was performed for 1 h using citric acid concentrations of 0.00% (control), 0.07%, 0.25% and 1.00% (n = 24/group). Adjacent surfaces served as sound reference. Two examiners independently determined the substance loss. After 1 h erosion with 1% citric acid solution, substance losses (mean±SD) of 12.0±1.3 µm (TMR), 2.9±1.3 µm (LPM), 3.9±1.3 µm (KHM) and 17.0±2.6 µm (CLSM) were detected. ROC curve analysis found all methods to have high accuracy for discriminating different degrees of erosive substance loss (AUC 0.83–1.00). Stepwise discriminatory analysis found TMR and CLSM to have the highest discriminatory power. All methods showed significant relative and proportional bias (p<0.001). The smallest albeit significant disagreement was found between LPM and KHM. No significant inter-rater bias was detected except for KHM. LPM is prone to underestimate erosive loss, possibly due to detection of the organic surface layer. KHM was not found suitable to measure erosive loss in dentin. TMR and CLSM detected the loss of mineralised tissue, showed high reliability, and had the highest discriminatory power. Different methods might be suitable to measure different structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Geert Felstehausen
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clifton Carey
- Professor, Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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32
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Maia AMA, Longbottom C, Gomes ASL, Girkin JM. Enamel erosion and prevention efficacy characterized by confocal laser scanning microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:439-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Paepegaey AM, Barker ML, Bartlett DW, Mistry M, West NX, Hellin N, Brown LJ, Bellamy PG. Measuring enamel erosion: a comparative study of contact profilometry, non-contact profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Dent Mater 2013; 29:1265-72. [PMID: 24209832 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare three instruments for their ability to quantify enamel loss after acid erosion. METHODS 6 randomized parallel groups of bovine enamel samples were subjected to citric acid (higher acidity) or orange juice (lower acidity) erosion and remineralisation in a cycling model. Two protected shoulders were created on each of the samples using tape, to serve as reference for analysis. The time of exposure to each acid was varied, along with presence or absence of agitation. After treatment, samples were measured on 3 instruments capable of measuring step height: a contact profilometer (CP); a non-contact profilometer (NCP); and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) by three different examiners. Additionally, 3D (volume) step height was also measured using the CLSM. RESULTS Increasing acid concentration and exposure time resulted in greater erosion, as did agitation of samples while in acid solution. All instruments/methods identified the same statistically significant (p<0.05) pair-wise differences between the treatments groups. Further, all four methods exhibited strong agreement (Intra-class correlation ≥ 0.96) in erosion level and were highly correlated, with correlations of 0.99 or higher in all cases. SIGNIFICANCE All instruments/methods used in this study produced very similar conclusions with regard to ranking of enamel loss, with data showing very high agreement between instruments. All instruments were found to be equally suited to the measurement of enamel erosion.
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34
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Rettler E, Hoeppener S, Sigusch BW, Schubert US. Mapping the mechanical properties of biomaterials on different length scales: depth-sensing indentation and AFM based nanoindentation. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2789-2806. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Chung HY, Li CC. Microstructure and nanomechanical properties of enamel remineralized with asparagine-serine-serine peptide. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:969-73. [PMID: 25427512 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly biocompatible peptide, triplet repeats of asparagine-serine-serine (3 NSS) was designed to regulate mineral deposition from aqueous ions in saliva for the reconstruction of enamel lesions. Healthy human enamel was sectioned and acid demineralized to create lesions, then exposed to the 3 NSS peptide solution, and finally immersed in artificial saliva for 24h. The surface morphology and roughness were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases and crystallinity of the deposited minerals observed on the enamel surface. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to quantitatively analyze the mineral variation by calculating the relative integrated-area of characteristic bands. Nanohardness and elastic modulus measured by nanoindentation at various treatment stages were utilized to evaluate the degree of recovery. Biomimetic effects were accessed according to the degree of nanohardness recovery and the amount of hydroxyapatite deposition. The charged segments in the 3 NSS peptide greatly attracted aqueous ions from artificial saliva to form hydroxyapatite crystals to fill enamel caries, in particular the interrod areas, resulting in a slight reduction in overall surface roughness. Additionally, the deposited hydroxyapatites were of a small crystalline size in the presence of the 3 NSS peptide, which effectively restrained the plastic deformations and thus resulted in greater improvements in nanohardness and elastic modulus. The degree of nanohardness recovery was 5 times greater for remineralized enamel samples treated with the 3 NSS peptide compared to samples without peptide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng Che Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Passos VF, Melo MA, Vasconcellos AA, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SL. Comparison of methods for quantifying dental wear caused by erosion and abrasion. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:178-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Beyer M, Reichert J, Sigusch BW, Watts DC, Jandt KD. Morphology and structure of polymer layers protecting dental enamel against erosion. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1089-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Soares LES, de Oliveira R, Nahórny S, Santo AMDE, Martin AA. Micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluoresence mapping of enamel and dental materials after chemical erosion. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:1112-1117. [PMID: 23095448 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was employed to test the hypothesis that beverage consumption or mouthwash utilization will change the chemical properties of dental materials and enamel mineral content. Bovine enamel samples (n = 45) each received two cavity preparations (n = 90), each pair filled with one of three dental materials (R: nanofilled composite resin; GIC: glass-ionomer cement; RMGIC: resin-modified GIC). Furthermore, they were treated with three different solutions (S: saliva; E: erosion/Pepsi Twist®; or EM: erosion+mouthwash/Colgate Plax®). It was found that mineral loss in enamel was greater in GICE samples than in RE > RMGICE > RMGICEM > REM > GICEM. An increased percentage of Zr was found in REM indicating organic matrix degradation. Dental materials tested (R, GIC, and RMGIC) were not able to protect adjacent enamel from acid erosion by the soft drink tested. The use of mouthwash promoted protection of enamel after erosion by the soft drink. To avoid chemical dissolution by mouthwashes, protection by resin composites with surface sealants is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Research and Development Institute, IP&D Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy, LEVB, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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van’t Spijker A, Kreulen CM, Bronkhorst EM, Creugers NH. Assessment of early attrition using an ordinary flatbed scanner. J Dent 2012; 40:603-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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40
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Guentsch A, Seidler K, Nietzsche S, Hefti AF, Preshaw PM, Watts DC, Jandt KD, Sigusch BW. Biomimetic mineralization: Long-term observations in patients with dentin sensitivity. Dent Mater 2012; 28:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Rakhmatullina E, Bossen A, Höschele C, Wang X, Beyeler B, Meier C, Lussi A. Application of the specular and diffuse reflection analysis for in vitro diagnostics of dental erosion: correlation with enamel softening, roughness, and calcium release. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:107002. [PMID: 22029364 PMCID: PMC3206927 DOI: 10.1117/1.3631791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present assembly and application of an optical reflectometer for the analysis of dental erosion. The erosive procedure involved acid-induced softening and initial substance loss phases, which are considered to be difficult for visual diagnosis in a clinic. Change of the specular reflection signal showed the highest sensitivity for the detection of the early softening phase of erosion among tested methods. The exponential decrease of the specular reflection intensity with erosive duration was compared to the increase of enamel roughness. Surface roughness was measured by optical analysis, and the observed tendency was correlated with scanning electron microscopy images of eroded enamel. A high correlation between specular reflection intensity and measurement of enamel softening (r(2) ≥ -0.86) as well as calcium release (r(2) ≥ -0.86) was found during erosion progression. Measurement of diffuse reflection revealed higher tooth-to-tooth deviation in contrast to the analysis of specular reflection intensity and lower correlation with other applied methods (r(2) = 0.42-0.48). The proposed optical method allows simple and fast surface analysis and could be used for further optimization and construction of the first noncontact and cost-effective diagnostic tool for early erosion assessment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Rakhmatullina
- University of Bern, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland.
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42
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Beyer M, Reichert J, Bossert J, Sigusch BW, Watts DC, Jandt KD. Acids with an equivalent taste lead to different erosion of human dental enamel. Dent Mater 2011; 27:1017-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Schlueter N, Hara A, Shellis R, Ganss C. Methods for the Measurement and Characterization of Erosion in Enamel and Dentine. Caries Res 2011; 45 Suppl 1:13-23. [DOI: 10.1159/000326819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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44
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Fujii M, Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Tagami J. Roughness and pH changes of enamel surface induced by soft drinks in vitro-applications of stylus profilometry, focus variation 3D scanning microscopy and micro pH sensor. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:404-10. [PMID: 21597209 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface roughness (Ra) and pH before and after erosion by soft drinks. Enamel was exposed to a soft drink (cola, orange juice or green tea) for 1, 5 or 60 min; Ra was measured using contact-stylus surface profilometry (SSP) and non-contact focus variation 3D microscope (FVM). Surface pH was measured using a micro pH sensor. Data were analyzed at significance level of alpha=0.05. There was a significant correlation in Ra between SSP and FVM. FVM images showed no changes in the surface morphology after various periods of exposure to green tea. Unlike cola and orange juice, exposure to green tea did not significantly affect Ra or pH. A significant correlation was observed between surface pH and Ra change after exposure to the drinks. Optical surface analysis and micro pH sensor may be useful tools for non-damaging, quantitative assessment of soft drinks erosion on enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Fujii
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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45
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Castro PS, Lima AS, Ferreira TL, Bertotti M. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Dental Erosion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/952470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When the tooth is exposed to acidic environments, an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue occurs in a process called dental erosion. In this work, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to probe the consumption of protons at the vicinity of a tooth surface with a platinum microelectrode fixed at −0.5 (V) versus Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat). SECM approach curves were recorded to assess the extent of diffusion in the solution close to the tooth substrate. SECM images clearly demonstrated that the acid erosion process is very fast at solution pH values in the range between 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana S. Castro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex S. Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago L. Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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De Carvalho Filho ACB, Sanches RP, Martin AA, Do Espírito Santo AM, Soares LES. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry study of the protective effects of fluoride varnish and gel on enamel erosion. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 74:839-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gambon DL, Brand HS, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Soft drink, software and softening of teeth - a case report of tooth wear in the mixed dentition due to a combination of dental erosion and attrition. Open Dent J 2010; 4:198-200. [PMID: 21243073 PMCID: PMC3020588 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601004010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes a 9-year-old boy with severe tooth wear as a result of drinking a single glass of soft drink per day. This soft drink was consumed over a period of one to two hours, while he was gaming intensively on his computer. As a result, a deep bite, enamel cupping, sensitivity of primary teeth and loss of fillings occurred. Therefore, dentists should be aware that in patients who are gaming intensively, the erosive potential of soft drinks can be potentiated by mechanical forces leading to excessive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Gambon
- Bambodino Paediatric Dental Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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