1
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Shi DL. Canonical and Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Generates Molecular and Cellular Asymmetries to Establish Embryonic Axes. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:20. [PMID: 39189260 PMCID: PMC11348223 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of embryonic axes is a critical step during animal development, which contributes to establishing the basic body plan in each particular organism. Wnt signaling pathways play pivotal roles in this fundamental process. Canonical Wnt signaling that is dependent on β-catenin regulates the patterning of dorsoventral, anteroposterior, and left-right axes. Non-canonical Wnt signaling that is independent of β-catenin modulates cytoskeletal organization to coordinate cell polarity changes and asymmetric cell movements. It is now well documented that components of these Wnt pathways biochemically and functionally interact to mediate cell-cell communications and instruct cellular polarization in breaking the embryonic symmetry. The dysfunction of Wnt signaling disrupts embryonic axis specification and proper tissue morphogenesis, and mutations of Wnt pathway genes are associated with birth defects in humans. This review discusses the regulatory roles of Wnt pathway components in embryonic axis formation by focusing on vertebrate models. It highlights current progress in decoding conserved mechanisms underlying the establishment of asymmetry along the three primary body axes. By providing an in-depth analysis of canonical and non-canonical pathways in regulating cell fates and cellular behaviors, this work offers insights into the intricate processes that contribute to setting up the basic body plan in vertebrate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Yoon J, Kumar S, Lee H, Rehman ZU, Park S, Lee U, Kim J. Sizzled (Frzb3) physically interacts with noncanonical Wnt ligands to inhibit gastrulation cell movement. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100068. [PMID: 38759887 PMCID: PMC11225558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordinated movement of germ layer progenitor cells reaches its peak at the dorsal side, where the Bmp signaling gradient is low, and minimum at the ventral side, where the Bmp gradient is high. This dynamic cell movement is regulated by the interplay of various signaling pathways. The noncanonical Wnt signaling cascade serves as a pivotal regulator of convergence and extension cell movement, facilitated by the activation of small GTPases such as Rho, Rab, and Rac. However, the underlying cause of limited cell movement at the ventral side remains elusive. To explore the functional role of a key regulator in constraining gastrulation cell movement at the ventral side, we investigated the Bmp4-direct target gene, sizzled (szl), to assess its potential role in inhibiting noncanonical Wnt signaling. In our current study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of szl led to gastrulation defects in a dose-dependent manner without altering cell fate specification. Overexpression of szl resulted in decreased elongation of Activin-treated animal cap and Keller explants. Furthermore, our immunoprecipitation assay unveiled the physical interaction of Szl with noncanonical Wnt ligand proteins (Wnt5 and Wnt11). Additionally, the activation of small GTPases involved in Wnt signaling mediation (RhoA and Rac1) was diminished upon szl overexpression. In summary, our findings suggest that Bmp4 signaling negatively modulates cell movement from the ventral side of the embryo by inducing szl expression during early Xenopus gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
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3
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Camacho-Macorra C, Tabanera N, Sánchez-Bustamante E, Bovolenta P, Cardozo MJ. Maternal vgll4a regulates zebrafish epiboly through Yap1 activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1362695. [PMID: 38444829 PMCID: PMC10912589 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1362695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrulation in zebrafish embryos commences with the morphogenetic rearrangement of blastodermal cells, which undergo a coordinated spreading from the animal pole to wrap around the egg at the vegetal pole. This rearrangement, known as epiboly, relies on the orchestrated activity of maternal transcripts present in the egg, compensating for the gradual activation of the zygotic genome. Epiboly involves the mechano-transducer activity of yap1 but what are the regulators of yap1 activity and whether these are maternally or zygotically derived remain elusive. Our study reveals the crucial role of maternal vgll4a, a proposed Yap1 competitor, during zebrafish epiboly. In embryos lacking maternal/zygotic vgll4a (MZvgll4a), the progression of epiboly and blastopore closure is delayed. This delay is associated with the ruffled appearance of the sliding epithelial cells, decreased expression of yap1-downstream targets and transient impairment of the actomyosin ring at the syncytial layer. Our study also shows that, rather than competing with yap1, vgll4a modulates the levels of the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion complex at the blastomeres' plasma membrane and hence their actin cortex distribution. Taking these results together, we propose that maternal vgll4a acts at epiboly initiation upstream of yap1 and the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion complex, contributing to a proper balance between tissue tension/cohesion and contractility, thereby promoting a timely epiboly progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camacho-Macorra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Tabanera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-Bustamante
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J Cardozo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Skamrahl M, Schünemann J, Mukenhirn M, Pang H, Gottwald J, Jipp M, Ferle M, Rübeling A, Oswald T, Honigmann A, Janshoff A. Cellular segregation in cocultures is driven by differential adhesion and contractility on distinct timescales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213186120. [PMID: 37011207 PMCID: PMC10104523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213186120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular sorting and pattern formation are crucial for many biological processes such as development, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression. Prominent physical driving forces for cellular sorting are differential adhesion and contractility. Here, we studied the segregation of epithelial cocultures containing highly contractile, ZO1/2-depleted MDCKII cells (dKD) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts using multiple quantitative, high-throughput methods to monitor their dynamical and mechanical properties. We observe a time-dependent segregation process governed mainly by differential contractility on short (<5 h) and differential adhesion on long (>5 h) timescales. The overly contractile dKD cells exert strong lateral forces on their WT neighbors, thereby apically depleting their surface area. Concomitantly, the tight junction-depleted, contractile cells exhibit weaker cell-cell adhesion and lower traction force. Drug-induced contractility reduction and partial calcium depletion delay the initial segregation but cease to change the final demixed state, rendering differential adhesion the dominant segregation force at longer timescales. This well-controlled model system shows how cell sorting is accomplished through a complex interplay between differential adhesion and contractility and can be explained largely by generic physical driving forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Skamrahl
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Justus Schünemann
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mukenhirn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics,01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Hongtao Pang
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Jipp
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ferle
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Rübeling
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics,01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry,37077Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Shan B, Horton EC, Xu SC, Huntington KE, Kawano DK, Mendoza CL, Lin L, Stafford CM, Allen ED, Huang J, Nakahara H, Greenstein LE, Hille MB. Dephosphorylation of Y228 and Y217 and phosphorylation of Y335 in p120 catenin activate convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1934-1951. [PMID: 35996230 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cadherin-associated protein p120 catenin regulates convergent extension through interactions with cadherin proteins, Cdc42, and Rac1, as we previously showed in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Phosphorylation of p120 catenin changes the nature of its activity in vitro but is virtually unexplored in embryos. We used our previously developed antisense RNA splice-site morpholino targeted to endogenous p120 catenin-δ1 to cause defects in axis elongation probing the functions of three p120 catenin tyrosine-phosphorylation sites in gastrulating zebrafish embryos. RESULTS The morpholino-induced defects were rescued by co-injections with mouse p120 catenin-δ1-3A mRNAs mutated at residues Y228 and Y217 to a non-phosphorylatable phenylalanine (F) or mutated at residue Y335 to a phosphomimetic glutamic acid (E). Co-injection of the complementary mutations Y228E, Y217E, or Y335F mRNAs partially rescued embryos whereas dual mutation to Y228E-Y217E blocked rescue. Immunopurification showed Y228F mutant proteins preferentially interacted with Rac1, potentially promoting cell migration. In contrast, the phosphomimetic Y228E preferentially interacted with E-cadherin increasing adhesion. Both Y228F and Y335F strongly bind VAV2. CONCLUSIONS p120 catenin serves dual roles during gastrulation of zebrafish. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues Y217, Y228, and Y335 precisely balance cell adhesion and cell migration to facilitate somite compaction and axis elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Shan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emma C Horton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shan C Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,New York University Stern Business School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey E Huntington
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Division of Biology and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dane K Kawano
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clemence L Mendoza
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Emili D Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroko Nakahara
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lewis E Greenstein
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medical Entomology, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Merrill B Hille
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Shi DL. Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling controls morphogenetic movements of gastrulation and neural tube closure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:586. [PMID: 36369349 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation and neurulation are successive morphogenetic processes that play key roles in shaping the basic embryonic body plan. Importantly, they operate through common cellular and molecular mechanisms to set up the three spatially organized germ layers and to close the neural tube. During gastrulation and neurulation, convergent extension movements driven by cell intercalation and oriented cell division generate major forces to narrow the germ layers along the mediolateral axis and elongate the embryo in the anteroposterior direction. Apical constriction also makes an important contribution to promote the formation of the blastopore and the bending of the neural plate. Planar cell polarity proteins are major regulators of asymmetric cell behaviors and critically involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, from gastrulation and neurulation to organogenesis. Mutations of planar cell polarity genes can lead to general defects in the morphogenesis of different organs and the co-existence of distinct congenital diseases, such as spina bifida, hearing deficits, kidney diseases, and limb elongation defects. This review outlines our current understanding of non-canonical Wnt signaling, commonly known as Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling, in regulating morphogenetic movements of gastrulation and neural tube closure during development and disease. It also attempts to identify unanswered questions that deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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7
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Fasano G, Muto V, Radio FC, Venditti M, Mosaddeghzadeh N, Coppola S, Paradisi G, Zara E, Bazgir F, Ziegler A, Chillemi G, Bertuccini L, Tinari A, Vetro A, Pantaleoni F, Pizzi S, Conti LA, Petrini S, Bruselles A, Prandi IG, Mancini C, Chandramouli B, Barth M, Bris C, Milani D, Selicorni A, Macchiaiolo M, Gonfiantini MV, Bartuli A, Mariani R, Curry CJ, Guerrini R, Slavotinek A, Iascone M, Dallapiccola B, Ahmadian MR, Lauri A, Tartaglia M. Dominant ARF3 variants disrupt Golgi integrity and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulated in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6841. [PMID: 36369169 PMCID: PMC9652361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle biogenesis, trafficking and signaling via Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network support essential developmental processes and their disruption lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that de novo missense variants in ARF3, encoding a small GTPase regulating Golgi dynamics, cause a developmental disease in humans impairing nervous system and skeletal formation. Microcephaly-associated ARF3 variants affect residues within the guanine nucleotide binding pocket and variably perturb protein stability and GTP/GDP binding. Functional analysis demonstrates variably disruptive consequences of ARF3 variants on Golgi morphology, vesicles assembly and trafficking. Disease modeling in zebrafish validates further the dominant behavior of the mutants and their differential impact on brain and body plan formation, recapitulating the variable disease expression. In-depth in vivo analyses traces back impaired neural precursors' proliferation and planar cell polarity-dependent cell movements as the earliest detectable effects. Our findings document a key role of ARF3 in Golgi function and demonstrate its pleiotropic impact on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Muto
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Niloufar Mosaddeghzadeh
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simona Coppola
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Paradisi
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy ,grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Erika Zara
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Università “Sapienza”, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alban Ziegler
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363UFR Santé de l’Université d’Angers, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Bertuccini
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Servizio grandi strumentazioni e core facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Centro di riferimento per la medicina di genere, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- grid.414603.4Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- grid.414603.4Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Guarnetti Prandi
- grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Balasubramanian Chandramouli
- grid.431603.30000 0004 1757 1950Super Computing Applications and Innovation, CINECA, 40033 Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
| | - Magalie Barth
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Céline Bris
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363UFR Santé de l’Université d’Angers, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Donatella Milani
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- grid.512106.1Mariani Center for Fragile Children Pediatric Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela V. Gonfiantini
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mariani
- grid.414603.4Department of Laboratories Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cynthia J. Curry
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Genetic Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Ca, Fresno, Ca, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Genetic Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Ca, Fresno, Ca, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Maria Iascone
- grid.460094.f0000 0004 1757 8431Medical Genetics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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8
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Bao M, Cornwall-Scoones J, Zernicka-Goetz M. Stem-cell-based human and mouse embryo models. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 76:101970. [PMID: 35988317 PMCID: PMC10309046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic embryology aims to develop embryo-like structures from stem cells to provide new insight into early stages of mammalian development. Recent advances in synthetic embryology have highlighted the remarkable capacity of stem cells to self-organize under certain biochemical or biophysical stimulations, generating structures that recapitulate the fate and form of early mouse/human embryos, in which symmetry breaking, pattern formation, or proper morphogenesis can be observed spontaneously. Here we review recent progress on the design principles for different types of embryoids and discuss the impact of different biochemical and biophysical factors on the process of stem-cell self-organization. We also offer our thoughts about the principal future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bao
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK. https://twitter.com/@Min_Bao_
| | - Jake Cornwall-Scoones
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK. https://twitter.com/@jake_cs_
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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9
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Si H, Zhao N, Pedroza A, Zaske AM, Rosen JM, Creighton CJ, Roarty K. Noncanonical Wnt/Ror2 signaling regulates cell-matrix adhesion to prompt directional tumor cell invasion in breast cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar103. [PMID: 36001375 PMCID: PMC9582800 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions represent fundamental exchanges during tumor progression, yet how particular signal-transduction factors prompt the conversion of tumor cells into migratory populations capable of systemic spread during metastasis remains elusive. We demonstrate that the noncanonical Wnt receptor, Ror2, regulates tumor cell-driven matrix remodeling and invasion in breast cancer. Ror2 loss-of-function (LOF) triggers the disruption of E-cadherin within tumor cells, accompanied by an increase in tumor cell invasion and collagen realignment in three-dimensional cultures. RNA sequencing of Ror2-deficient organoids further uncovered alterations in actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and collagen cross-linking gene expression programs. Spatially, we pinpoint the up-regulation and redistribution of α5 and β3 integrins together with the production of fibronectin in areas of invasion downstream of Ror2 loss. Wnt/β-catenin-dependent and Wnt/Ror2 alternative Wnt signaling appear to regulate distinct functions for tumor cells regarding their ability to modify cell-ECM exchanges during invasion. Furthermore, blocking either integrin or focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream mediator of integrin-mediated signal transduction, abrogates the enhanced migration observed upon Ror2 loss. These results reveal a critical function for the alternative Wnt receptor, Ror2, as a determinant of tumor cell-driven ECM exchanges during cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Si
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Andrea Pedroza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ana-Maria Zaske
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Jeffrey M. Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Breast Cancer Program, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Breast Cancer Program, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kevin Roarty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Breast Cancer Program, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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10
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Houston DW, Elliott KL, Coppenrath K, Wlizla M, Horb ME. Maternal Wnt11b regulates cortical rotation during Xenopus axis formation: analysis of maternal-effect wnt11b mutants. Development 2022; 149:dev200552. [PMID: 35946588 PMCID: PMC9515810 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric signalling centres in the early embryo are essential for axis formation in vertebrates. These regions (e.g. amphibian dorsal morula, mammalian anterior visceral endoderm) require stabilised nuclear β-catenin, but the role of localised Wnt ligand signalling activity in their establishment remains unclear. In Xenopus, dorsal β-catenin is initiated by vegetal microtubule-mediated symmetry breaking in the fertilised egg, known as 'cortical rotation'. Localised wnt11b mRNA and ligand-independent activators of β-catenin have been implicated in dorsal β-catenin activation, but the extent to which each contributes to axis formation in this paradigm remains unclear. Here, we describe a CRISPR-mediated maternal-effect mutation in Xenopus laevis wnt11b.L. We find that wnt11b is maternally required for robust dorsal axis formation and for timely gastrulation, and zygotically for left-right asymmetry. Importantly, we show that vegetal microtubule assembly and cortical rotation are reduced in wnt11b mutant eggs. In addition, we show that activated Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 and Dishevelled lack behaviour consistent with roles in early β-catenin stabilisation, and that neither is regulated by Wnt11b. This work thus implicates Wnt11b in the distribution of putative dorsal determinants rather than in comprising the determinants themselves. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Houston
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 257 BB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA
| | - Karen L. Elliott
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 257 BB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA
| | - Kelsey Coppenrath
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Marko E. Horb
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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11
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Guidance by followers ensures long-range coordination of cell migration through α-catenin mechanoperception. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1529-1544.e5. [PMID: 35613615 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, wound healing, and some cancer metastases depend upon the migration of cell collectives that need to be guided to their destination as well as coordinated with other cell movements. During zebrafish gastrulation, the extension of the embryonic axis is led by the mesendodermal polster that migrates toward the animal pole, followed by the axial mesoderm that undergoes convergence and extension. Here, we investigate how polster cells are guided toward the animal pole. Using a combination of precise laser ablations, advanced transplants, and functional as well as in silico approaches, we establish that each polster cell is oriented by its immediate follower cells. Each cell perceives the migration of followers, through E-cadherin/α-catenin mechanotransduction, and aligns with them. Therefore, directional information propagates from cell to cell over the whole tissue. Such guidance of migrating cells by followers ensures long-range coordination of movements and developmental robustness.
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12
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Saraswathy VM, Kurup AJ, Sharma P, Polès S, Poulain M, Fürthauer M. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mindbomb1 controls planar cell polarity-dependent convergent extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation. eLife 2022; 11:71928. [PMID: 35142609 PMCID: PMC8937233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate Delta/Notch signaling involves multiple ligands, receptors and transcription factors. Delta endocytosis - a critical event for Notch activation - is however essentially controlled by the E3 Ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb1 (Mib1). Mib1 inactivation is therefore often used to inhibit Notch signaling. However, recent findings indicate that Mib1 function extends beyond the Notch pathway. We report a novel Notch-independent role of Mib1 in zebrafish gastrulation. mib1 null mutants and morphants display impaired Convergence Extension (CE) movements. Comparison of different mib1 mutants and functional rescue experiments indicate that Mib1 controls CE independently of Notch. Mib1-dependent CE defects can be rescued using the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) downstream mediator RhoA, or enhanced through knock-down of the PCP ligand Wnt5b. Mib1 regulates CE through its RING Finger domains that have been implicated in substrate ubiquitination, suggesting that Mib1 may control PCP protein trafficking. Accordingly, we show that Mib1 controls the endocytosis of the PCP component Ryk and that Ryk internalization is required for CE. Numerous morphogenetic processes involve both Notch and PCP signaling. Our observation that during zebrafish gastrulation Mib1 exerts a Notch-independent control of PCP-dependent CE movements suggest that Mib1 loss of function phenotypes should be cautiously interpreted depending on the biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Polès
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
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13
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Sutlive J, Xiu H, Chen Y, Gou K, Xiong F, Guo M, Chen Z. Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103466. [PMID: 34837328 PMCID: PMC8831476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sutlive
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haning Xiu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224
| | - Fengzhu Xiong
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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14
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Licheri V, Brigman JL. Altering Cell-Cell Interaction in Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Models: Insight on Cell-Adhesion Molecules During Brain Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:753537. [PMID: 34975396 PMCID: PMC8715949 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.753537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy disrupts the development of the brain and produces long lasting behavioral and cognitive impairments collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). FASDs are characterized by alterations in learning, working memory, social behavior and executive function. A large body of literature using preclinical prenatal alcohol exposure models reports alcohol-induced changes in architecture and activity in specific brain regions affecting cognition. While multiple putative mechanisms of alcohol’s long-lasting effects on morphology and behavior have been investigated, an area that has received less attention is the effect of alcohol on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The embryo/fetal development represents a crucial period for Central Nervous System (CNS) development during which the cell-cell interaction plays an important role. CAMs play a critical role in neuronal migration and differentiation, synaptic organization and function which may be disrupted by alcohol. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure and role of CAMs involved in brain development, review the current literature on prenatal alcohol exposure effects on CAM function in different experimental models and pinpoint areas needed for future study to better understand how CAMs may mediate the morphological, sensory and behavioral outcomes in FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Licheri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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15
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Abstract
The molecular complexes underlying planar cell polarity (PCP) were first identified in Drosophila through analysis of mutant phenotypes in the adult cuticle and the orientation of associated polarized protrusions such as wing hairs and sensory bristles. The same molecules are conserved in vertebrates and are required for the localization of polarized protrusions such as primary or sensory cilia and the orientation of hair follicles. Not only is PCP signaling required to align cellular structures across a tissue, it is also required to coordinate movement during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. PCP signaling allows cells to interpret positional cues within a tissue to move in the appropriate direction and to coordinate this movement with their neighbors. In this review we outline the molecular basis of the core Wnt-Frizzled/PCP pathway, and describe how this signaling orchestrates collective motility in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we cover the paradigms of ommatidial rotation and border cell migration in Drosophila, and convergent extension in vertebrates. The downstream cell biological processes that underlie polarized motility include cytoskeletal reorganization, and adherens junctional and extracellular matrix remodeling. We discuss the contributions of these processes in the respective cell motility contexts. Finally, we address examples of individual cell motility guided by PCP factors during nervous system development and in cancer disease contexts.
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16
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Founounou N, Farhadifar R, Collu GM, Weber U, Shelley MJ, Mlodzik M. Tissue fluidity mediated by adherens junction dynamics promotes planar cell polarity-driven ommatidial rotation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6974. [PMID: 34848713 PMCID: PMC8632910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of tissue fluidity-cells' ability to rearrange relative to each other in confluent tissues-has been linked to several morphogenetic processes and diseases, yet few molecular regulators of tissue fluidity are known. Ommatidial rotation (OR), directed by planar cell polarity signaling, occurs during Drosophila eye morphogenesis and shares many features with polarized cellular migration in vertebrates. We utilize in vivo live imaging analysis tools to quantify dynamic cellular morphologies during OR, revealing that OR is driven autonomously by ommatidial cell clusters rotating in successive pulses within a permissive substrate. Through analysis of a rotation-specific nemo mutant, we demonstrate that precise regulation of junctional E-cadherin levels is critical for modulating the mechanical properties of the tissue to allow rotation to progress. Our study defines Nemo as a molecular tool to induce a transition from solid-like tissues to more viscoelastic tissues broadening our molecular understanding of tissue fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Founounou
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Reza Farhadifar
- grid.430264.7Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Giovanna M. Collu
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ursula Weber
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michael J. Shelley
- grid.430264.7Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Courant Institute, New York University, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Cervero P, Vrenken K, Klose M, Rehm K, Linder S. Nectin stabilization at adherens junctions is counteracted by Rab5a-dependent endocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151184. [PMID: 34826799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions undergo constant remodeling, which is crucial for the control of vascular integrity. Indeed, transport of junctional components such as cadherins is understood in increasing depth. However, little is known about the respective pathways regulating localization of nectin at cell-cell junctions. Here, we performed an siRNA-based screen of vesicle regulators of the RabGTPase family, leading to the identification of a novel role for Rab5a in the endocytosis nectin-2 at adherens junctions of primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC). Confocal microscopy experiments revealed disordered nectin-2 localization at adherens junctions upon Rab5a depletion. In addition, internalized nectin-2 was shown to prominently localize to Rab5a-positive vesicles in both fixed and living cells. As shown previously, nectin-2 stabilization at junctions is achieved via drebrin-dependent coupling to the subcortical actin cytoskeleton. Consistently, depletion of drebrin in this study leads to enhanced internalization of nectin-2 from junctions. Strikingly, simultaneous silencing of Rab5a and drebrin restored the junctional localization of nectin-2, pointing to Rab5a as counteracting the drebrin-dependent stabilization of nectin-2 at adherens junctions. This mechanism could be further validated by transendothelial resistance measurements. Collectively, our results identify Rab5a as a key player in the endocytosis of nectin-2 and thus in the regulation of adherens junction integrity in primary human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cervero
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Vrenken
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Klose
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rehm
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Marsal M, Hernández-Vega A, Pouille PA, Martin-Blanco E. Rab5ab-Mediated Yolk Cell Membrane Endocytosis Is Essential for Zebrafish Epiboly and Mechanical Equilibrium During Gastrulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697097. [PMID: 34778246 PMCID: PMC8585776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis in early embryos demands the coordinated distribution of cells and tissues to their final destination in a spatio-temporal controlled way. Spatial and scalar differences in adhesion and contractility are essential for these morphogenetic movements, while the role that membrane remodeling may play remains less clear. To evaluate how membrane turnover modulates tissue arrangements we studied the role of endocytosis in zebrafish epiboly. Experimental analyses and modeling have shown that the expansion of the blastoderm relies on an asymmetry of mechanical tension in the yolk cell generated as a result of actomyosin-dependent contraction and membrane removal. Here we show that the GTPase Rab5ab is essential for the endocytosis and the removal of the external yolk cell syncytial layer (E-YSL) membrane. Interfering in its expression exclusively in the yolk resulted in the reduction of yolk cell actomyosin contractility, the disruption of cortical and internal flows, a disequilibrium in force balance and epiboly impairment. We conclude that regulated membrane remodeling is crucial for directing cell and tissue mechanics, preserving embryo geometry and coordinating morphogenetic movements during epiboly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marsal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amayra Hernández-Vega
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Robertson SYT, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Importance of the Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11975. [PMID: 34769405 PMCID: PMC8584795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) reside in a niche that contains finely tuned balances of various signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, BMP, Shh, YAP, and TGFβ. The activation or inhibition of these pathways is frequently dependent on the interactions of LSCs with various niche cell types and extracellular substrates. In addition to receiving molecular signals from growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, LSCs also respond to their surrounding physical structure via mechanotransduction, interaction with the ECM, and interactions with other cell types. Damage to LSCs or their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The field of LSCD treatment would greatly benefit from an understanding of the molecular regulation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo. This review synthesizes current literature around the niche factors and signaling pathways that influence LSC function. Future development of LSCD therapies should consider all these niche factors to achieve improved long-term restoration of the LSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie X. Deng
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94143, USA; (S.Y.T.R.); (J.S.R.)
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20
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Pan M, Kohlbauer V, Blancke Soares A, Schinke H, Huang Y, Kranz G, Quadt T, Hachmeister M, Gires O. Interactome analysis reveals endocytosis and membrane recycling of EpCAM during differentiation of embryonic stem cells and carcinoma cells. iScience 2021; 24:103179. [PMID: 34693227 PMCID: PMC8517208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is expressed in epithelia, carcinoma, teratoma, and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). EpCAM displays spatiotemporal patterning during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinomas. Potential interactors of EpCAM were identified in murine F9 teratoma cells using a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based proteomic approach (n = 77, enrichment factor >3, p value ≤ 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology terms revealed interactions with regulators of endosomal trafficking and membrane recycling, which were further validated for Rab5, Rab7, and Rab11. Endocytosis and membrane recycling of EpCAM were confirmed in mF9 cells, E14TG2α ESC, and Kyse30 carcinoma cells. Reduction of EpCAM during mesodermal differentiation and TGFβ-induced EMT correlated with enhanced endocytosis and block or reduction of recycling in ESCs and esophageal carcinoma cells. Hence, endocytosis and membrane recycling are means of regulation of EpCAM protein levels during differentiation of ESC and EMT induction in carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Vera Kohlbauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Blancke Soares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanchi Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Quadt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hachmeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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21
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Balaraju AK, Hu B, Rodriguez JJ, Murry M, Lin F. Glypican 4 regulates planar cell polarity of endoderm cells by controlling the localization of Cadherin 2. Development 2021; 148:dev199421. [PMID: 34131730 PMCID: PMC8313861 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling has been implicated in endoderm morphogenesis. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are unclear. We found that, during convergence and extension (C&E) in zebrafish, gut endodermal cells are polarized mediolaterally, with GFP-Vangl2 enriched at the anterior edges. Endoderm cell polarity is lost and intercalation is impaired in the absence of glypican 4 (gpc4), a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan that promotes Wnt/PCP signaling, suggesting that this signaling is required for endodermal cell polarity. Live imaging revealed that endoderm C&E is accomplished by polarized cell protrusions and junction remodeling, which are impaired in gpc4-deficient endodermal cells. Furthermore, in the absence of gpc4, Cadherin 2 expression on the endodermal cell surface is increased as a result of impaired Rab5c-mediated endocytosis, which partially accounts for the endodermal defects in these mutants. These findings indicate that Gpc4 regulates endodermal planar cell polarity during endoderm C&E by influencing the localization of Cadherin 2. Thus, our study uncovers a new mechanism by which Gpc4 regulates planar cell polarity and reveals the role of Wnt/PCP signaling in endoderm morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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22
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Lauri A, Fasano G, Venditti M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. In vivo Functional Genomics for Undiagnosed Patients: The Impact of Small GTPases Signaling Dysregulation at Pan-Embryo Developmental Scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642235. [PMID: 34124035 PMCID: PMC8194860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While individually rare, disorders affecting development collectively represent a substantial clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic burden to patients, families, and society. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are required to speed up diagnosis, improve counseling, and optimize management toward targeted therapies. Genome sequencing is now unveiling previously unexplored genetic variations in undiagnosed patients, which require functional validation and mechanistic understanding, particularly when dealing with novel nosologic entities. Functional perturbations of key regulators acting on signals' intersections of evolutionarily conserved pathways in these pathological conditions hinder the fine balance between various developmental inputs governing morphogenesis and homeostasis. However, the distinct mechanisms by which these hubs orchestrate pathways to ensure the developmental coordinates are poorly understood. Integrative functional genomics implementing quantitative in vivo models of embryogenesis with subcellular precision in whole organisms contribute to answering these questions. Here, we review the current knowledge on genes and mechanisms critically involved in developmental syndromes and pediatric cancers, revealed by genomic sequencing and in vivo models such as insects, worms and fish. We focus on the monomeric GTPases of the RAS superfamily and their influence on crucial developmental signals and processes. We next discuss the effectiveness of exponentially growing functional assays employing tractable models to identify regulatory crossroads. Unprecedented sophistications are now possible in zebrafish, i.e., genome editing with single-nucleotide precision, nanoimaging, highly resolved recording of multiple small molecules activity, and simultaneous monitoring of brain circuits and complex behavioral response. These assets permit accurate real-time reporting of dynamic small GTPases-controlled processes in entire organisms, owning the potential to tackle rare disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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23
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The Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor Spint2 is required for cellular cohesion, coordinated cell migration and cell survival during zebrafish hatching gland development. Dev Biol 2021; 476:148-170. [PMID: 33826923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor Spint1a, also named Hai1a, is required in the zebrafish embryonic epidermis to restrict the activity of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) Matriptase1a/St14a, thereby ensuring epidermal homeostasis. A closely related Kunitz-type inhibitor is Spint2/Hai2, which in mammals plays multiple developmental roles that are either redundant or non-redundant with those of Spint1. However, the molecular bases for these non-redundancies are not fully understood. Here, we study spint2 during zebrafish development. It is co-expressed with spint1a in multiple embryonic epithelia, including the outer/peridermal layer of the epidermis. However, unlike spint1a, spint2 expression is absent from the basal epidermal layer but present in hatching gland cells. Hatching gland cells derive from the mesendodermal prechordal plate, from where they undergo a thus far undescribed transit into, and coordinated sheet migration within, the interspace between the outer and basal layer of the epidermis to reach their final destination on the yolk sac. Hatching gland cells usually survive their degranulation that drives embryo hatching but die several days later. In spint2 mutants, cohesion among hatching gland cells and their collective intra-epidermal migration are disturbed, leading to a discontinuous organization of the gland. In addition, cells undergo precocious cell death before degranulation, so that embryos fail to hatch. Chimera analyses show that Spint2 is required in hatching gland cells, but not in the overlying periderm, their potential migration and adhesion substrate. Spint2 acts independently of all tested Matriptases, Prostasins and other described Spint1 and Spint2 mediators. However, it displays a tight genetic interaction with and acts at least partly via the cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, promoting both hatching gland cell cohesiveness and survival, in line with formerly reported effects of E-cadherin during morphogenesis and cell death suppression. In contrast, no such genetic interaction was observed between Spint2 and the cell-cell adhesion molecule EpCAM, which instead interacts with Spint1a. Our data shed new light onto the mechanisms of hatching gland morphogenesis and hatching gland cell survival. In addition, they reveal developmental roles of Spint2 that are strikingly different from those of Spint1, most likely due to differences in the expression patterns and relevant target proteins.
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24
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Yu JJS, Maugarny-Calès A, Pelletier S, Alexandre C, Bellaiche Y, Vincent JP, McGough IJ. Frizzled-Dependent Planar Cell Polarity without Secreted Wnt Ligands. Dev Cell 2020; 54:583-592.e5. [PMID: 32888416 PMCID: PMC7497783 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) organizes the orientation of cellular protrusions and migratory activity within the tissue plane. PCP establishment involves the subcellular polarization of core PCP components. It has been suggested that Wnt gradients could provide a global cue that coordinates local PCP with tissue axes. Here, we dissect the role of Wnt ligands in the orientation of hairs of Drosophila wings, an established system for the study of PCP. We found that PCP was normal in quintuple mutant wings that rely solely on the membrane-tethered Wingless for Wnt signaling, suggesting that a Wnt gradient is not required. We then used a nanobody-based approach to trap Wntless in the endoplasmic reticulum, and hence prevent all Wnt secretion, specifically during the period of PCP establishment. PCP was still established. We conclude that, even though Wnt ligands could contribute to PCP, they are not essential, and another global cue must exist for tissue-wide polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aude Maugarny-Calès
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelletier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Yohanns Bellaiche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
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25
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Msheik H, El Hayek S, Bari MF, Azar J, Abou-Kheir W, Kobeissy F, Vatish M, Daoud G. Transcriptomic profiling of trophoblast fusion using BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:811-824. [PMID: 31778538 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In human placenta, alteration in trophoblast differentiation has a major impact on placental maintenance and integrity. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control cytotrophoblast fusion. The BeWo cell line is used to study placental function, since it forms syncytium and secretes hormones after treatment with cAMP or forskolin. In contrast, the JEG-3 cell line fails to undergo substantial fusion. Therefore, BeWo and JEG-3 cells were used to identify a set of genes responsible for trophoblast fusion. Cells were treated with forskolin for 48 h to induce fusion. RNA was extracted, hybridised to Affymetrix HuGene ST1.0 arrays and analysed using system biology. Trophoblast differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis. Moreover, some of the identified genes were validated by real-time PCR and their functional capacity was demonstrated by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies and CRISPR/cas9 knockdown experiments. Our results identified a list of 32 altered genes in fused BeWo cells compared to JEG-3 cells after forskolin treatment. Among these genes, four were validated by RT-PCR, including salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene which is specifically upregulated in BeWo cells upon fusion and activated after 2 min with forskolin. Moreover, silencing of SIK1 completely abolished the fusion. Finally, SIK1 was shown to be at the center of many biological and functional processes, suggesting that it might play a role in trophoblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study identified new target genes implicated in trophoblast fusion. More studies are required to investigate the role of these genes in some placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - S El Hayek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - J Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - W Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - F Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - G Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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26
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Bosze B, Ono Y, Mattes B, Sinner C, Gourain V, Thumberger T, Tlili S, Wittbrodt J, Saunders TE, Strähle U, Schug A, Scholpp S. Pcdh18a regulates endocytosis of E-cadherin during axial mesoderm development in zebrafish. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:463-480. [PMID: 32488346 PMCID: PMC7609436 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The notochord defines the axial structure of all vertebrates during development. Notogenesis is a result of major cell reorganization in the mesoderm, the convergence and the extension of the axial cells. However, it is currently not fully understood how these processes act together in a coordinated way during notochord formation. The prechordal plate is an actively migrating cell population in the central mesoderm anterior to the trailing notochordal plate cells. We show that prechordal plate cells express Protocadherin 18a (Pcdh18a), a member of the cadherin superfamily. We find that Pcdh18a-mediated recycling of E-cadherin adhesion complexes transforms prechordal plate cells into a cohesive and fast migrating cell group. In turn, the prechordal plate cells subsequently instruct the trailing mesoderm. We simulated cell migration during early mesoderm formation using a lattice-based mathematical framework and predicted that the requirement for an anterior, local motile cell cluster could guide the intercalation and extension of the posterior, axial cells. Indeed, a grafting experiment validated the prediction and local Pcdh18a expression induced an ectopic prechordal plate-like cell group migrating towards the animal pole. Our findings indicate that the Pcdh18a is important for prechordal plate formation, which influences the trailing mesodermal cell sheet by orchestrating the morphogenesis of the notochord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bosze
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yosuke Ono
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Benjamin Mattes
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Claude Sinner
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany.,Department of Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Victor Gourain
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sham Tlili
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Schug
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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27
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Langford MB, O'Leary CJ, Veeraval L, White A, Lanoue V, Cooper HM. WNT5a Regulates Epithelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Choroid Plexus. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3617-3631. [PMID: 31912879 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is the predominant supplier of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the site of the blood-CSF barrier and is thus essential for brain development and central nervous system homeostasis. Despite these crucial roles, our understanding of the molecular and cellular processes giving rise to the CPs within the ventricles of the mammalian brain is very rudimentary. Here, we identify WNT5a as an important regulator of CP development, where it acts as a pivotal factor driving CP epithelial morphogenesis in all ventricles. We show that WNT5a is essential for the establishment of a cohesive epithelium in the developing CP. We find that in its absence all CPs are substantially reduced in size and complexity and fail to expand into the ventricles. Severe defects were observed in the epithelial cytoarchitecture of all Wnt5a-/- CPs, exemplified by loss of apicobasally polarized morphology and detachment from the ventricular surface and/or basement membrane. We also present evidence that the WNT5a receptor, RYK, and the RHOA kinase, ROCK, are required for normal CP epithelial morphogenesis. Our study, therefore, reveals important insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing CP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Langford
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and
| | - Conor J O'Leary
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and
| | - Lenin Veeraval
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and
| | - Amanda White
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane 4072, Australia and
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28
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Williams ML, Solnica-Krezel L. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of convergence and extension in zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 136:377-407. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Zhang W, Ji W, Li T, Liu T, Zhao X. MiR-145 functions as a tumor suppressor in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by inhibiting RAB5C. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1992-2001. [PMID: 32788878 PMCID: PMC7415399 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the largest proportion of thyroid cancers; and its morbidity rate has dramatically increased in recent decades. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of PTC are still not clear. This study aimed to reveal that miR-145 acts as an antitumor miRNA in the progression of PTC. In the present study, the expression of miR-145 was analyzed in 57 paired PTC patient samples. The relationship between clinicopathological features and miR-145 expression were also defined. The tumor suppressive function of miR-145 on PTC cell metastasis, proliferation and apoptosis were revealed in vitro. Also, we used dual luciferase reporter assay to define the relationship of miR-145 and RAB5C. RAB5C was reported to participate in cell invasion and cell motility. We found that miR-145 was downregulated in PTCs, which was negatively correlated with PTC progression and metastasis. MiR-145 inhibited PTC migration, proliferation and promoted apoptosis by directly suppresing RAB5C. In conclusion, miR-145 functions as a tumor suppressor in PTC by inhibiting RAB5C. MiR-145 and RAB5C are potential therapeutic targets in therapy of aggressive PTC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wenyue Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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30
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Petridou NI, Heisenberg C. Tissue rheology in embryonic organization. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102497. [PMID: 31512749 PMCID: PMC6792012 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis in multicellular organisms is brought about by spatiotemporal coordination of mechanical and chemical signals. Extensive work on how mechanical forces together with the well-established morphogen signalling pathways can actively shape living tissues has revealed evolutionary conserved mechanochemical features of embryonic development. More recently, attention has been drawn to the description of tissue material properties and how they can influence certain morphogenetic processes. Interestingly, besides the role of tissue material properties in determining how much tissues deform in response to force application, there is increasing theoretical and experimental evidence, suggesting that tissue material properties can abruptly and drastically change in development. These changes resemble phase transitions, pointing at the intriguing possibility that important morphogenetic processes in development, such as symmetry breaking and self-organization, might be mediated by tissue phase transitions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulation and role of tissue material properties in the context of the developing embryo. We posit that abrupt changes of tissue rheological properties may have important implications in maintaining the balance between robustness and adaptability during embryonic development.
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31
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Mongera A, Michaut A, Guillot C, Xiong F, Pourquié O. Mechanics of Anteroposterior Axis Formation in Vertebrates. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:259-283. [PMID: 31412208 PMCID: PMC7394480 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate anteroposterior axis forms through elongation of multiple tissues during embryogenesis. This process is based on tissue-autonomous mechanisms of force generation and intertissue mechanical coupling whose failure leads to severe developmental anomalies such as body truncation and spina bifida. Similar to other morphogenetic modules, anteroposterior body extension requires both the rearrangement of existing materials-such as cells and extracellular matrix-and the local addition of new materials, i.e., anisotropic growth, through cell proliferation, cell growth, and matrix deposition. Numerous signaling pathways coordinate body axis formation via regulation of cell behavior during tissue rearrangements and/or volumetric growth. From a physical perspective, morphogenesis depends on both cell-generated forces and tissue material properties. As the spatiotemporal variation of these mechanical parameters has recently been explored in the context of vertebrate body elongation, the study of this process is likely to shed light on the cross talk between signaling and mechanics during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mongera
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Arthur Michaut
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Charlène Guillot
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Fengzhu Xiong
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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32
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PCP and Wnt pathway components act in parallel during zebrafish mechanosensory hair cell orientation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3993. [PMID: 31488837 PMCID: PMC6728366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) plays crucial roles in developmental processes such as gastrulation, neural tube closure and hearing. Wnt pathway mutants are often classified as PCP mutants due to similarities between their phenotypes. Here, we show that in the zebrafish lateral line, disruptions of the PCP and Wnt pathways have differential effects on hair cell orientations. While mutations in the PCP genes vangl2 and scrib cause random orientations of hair cells, mutations in wnt11f1, gpc4 and fzd7a/b induce hair cells to adopt a concentric pattern. This concentric pattern is not caused by defects in PCP but is due to misaligned support cells. The molecular basis of the support cell defect is unknown but we demonstrate that the PCP and Wnt pathways work in parallel to establish proper hair cell orientation. Consequently, hair cell orientation defects are not solely explained by defects in PCP signaling, and some hair cell phenotypes warrant re-evaluation. Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates hair cell orientation in the zebrafish lateral line. Here, the authors show that mutating Wnt pathway genes (wnt11f1, fzd7a/b, and gpc4) causes concentric hair cell patterns not regulated by PCP, thus showing PCP/Wnt pathway genes have different consequences on hair cell orientation.
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33
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Gorroño-Etxebarria I, Aguirre U, Sanchez S, González N, Escobar A, Zabalza I, Quintana JM, Vivanco MDM, Waxman J, Kypta RM. Wnt-11 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E908. [PMID: 31261741 PMCID: PMC6679153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the secreted factor Wnt-11 is elevated in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, where it promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Analysis of colorectal cancer gene expression databases associated WNT11 mRNA expression with increased likelihood of metastasis in a subset of patients. WNT11 expression was correlated with the expression of the Wnt receptors FZD6, RYK, and PTK7, and the combined expression of WNT11, FZD6 and RYK or PTK7 was associated with an increased risk of 5-year mortality rates. Immunohistochemical analysis of Wnt-11 in a cohort of 357 colorectal cancer patients found significantly higher Wnt-11 levels in tumors, compared with benign tissue. Elevated Wnt-11 levels occurred more frequently in rectal tumors than in colonic tumors and in tumors from women than men. In univariate analysis, increased Wnt-11 expression was also associated with tumor invasion and increased 5-year mortality. High Wnt-11 levels were not associated with high levels of nuclear β-catenin, suggesting Wnt-11 is not simply an indicator for activation of β-catenin-dependent signaling. Expression of Wnt-11 in colorectal cancer cell lines expressing low endogenous Wnt-11 inhibited β-catenin/Tcf activity and increased ATF2-dependent transcriptional activity. WNT11 gene silencing and antibody-mediated inhibition of Wnt-11 in colorectal cancer cell lines expressing high Wnt-11 reduced their capacity for invasion. Together, these observations suggest that Wnt-11 could be a potential target for the treatment of patients with invasive colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urko Aguirre
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Saray Sanchez
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Escobar
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
- Research Unit, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignacio Zabalza
- Department of Pathology, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital and Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - José Maria Quintana
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Kronikgune Institute, Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 48902 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Robert M Kypta
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
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34
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Nowotschin S, Hadjantonakis AK, Campbell K. The endoderm: a divergent cell lineage with many commonalities. Development 2019; 146:146/11/dev150920. [PMID: 31160415 PMCID: PMC6589075 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoderm is a progenitor tissue that, in humans, gives rise to the majority of internal organs. Over the past few decades, genetic studies have identified many of the upstream signals specifying endoderm identity in different model systems, revealing them to be divergent from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, more recent studies of the cell behaviours driving endodermal morphogenesis have revealed a surprising number of shared features, including cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), collective cell migration, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (METs). In this Review, we highlight how cross-organismal studies of endoderm morphogenesis provide a useful perspective that can move our understanding of this fascinating tissue forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nowotschin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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35
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Liu L, Li TM, Liu XR, Bai YP, Li J, Tang N, Wang XB. MicroRNA-140 inhibits skeletal muscle glycolysis and atrophy in endotoxin-induced sepsis in mice via the WNT signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C189-C199. [PMID: 31042421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from infection. This study aimed at exploring the role of microRNA-140 (miR-140) in septic mice. Wnt family member 11 (WNT11) was verified to be a target gene of miR-140 after bioinformatic prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Importantly, miR-140 negatively regulated WNT11. We initially induced the model of sepsis by endotoxin, and then ectopic expression and knockdown experiments were performed to explore the functional role of miR-140 in sepsis. Additionally, cross-sectional areas of muscle fiber, lactic acid production, 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and tyrosine (Tyr) production in extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscles, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were examined. The effect of miR-140 on the expression of WNT signaling pathway-related and apoptosis-related factors in skeletal muscle tissue was determined. The experimental results indicated that upregulated miR-140 or silenced WNT11 increased cross-sectional areas of muscle fiber while decreasing lactic acid production, skeletal muscle cell apoptosis [corresponding to downregulated B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 and upregulated Bcl-2], and the proteolytic rate of Tyr and 3-MH. Also, overexpressed miR-140 or silenced WNT11 reduced inflammation as reflected by decreased serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-140 was shown to suppress the activation of the WNT signaling pathway, accompanied by decreased expression of WNT11, β-catenin, and GSK-3β. Taken together, upregulation of miR-140 could potentially inhibit skeletal muscle lactate release, an indirect measure of glycolysis, and atrophy in septic mice through suppressing the WNT signaling pathway via inhibiting WNT11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Mei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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36
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Petridou NI, Grigolon S, Salbreux G, Hannezo E, Heisenberg CP. Fluidization-mediated tissue spreading by mitotic cell rounding and non-canonical Wnt signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:169-178. [PMID: 30559456 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is driven by mechanical forces that elicit changes in cell size, shape and motion. The extent by which forces deform tissues critically depends on the rheological properties of the recipient tissue. Yet, whether and how dynamic changes in tissue rheology affect tissue morphogenesis and how they are regulated within the developing organism remain unclear. Here, we show that blastoderm spreading at the onset of zebrafish morphogenesis relies on a rapid, pronounced and spatially patterned tissue fluidization. Blastoderm fluidization is temporally controlled by mitotic cell rounding-dependent cell-cell contact disassembly during the last rounds of cell cleavages. Moreover, fluidization is spatially restricted to the central blastoderm by local activation of non-canonical Wnt signalling within the blastoderm margin, increasing cell cohesion and thereby counteracting the effect of mitotic rounding on contact disassembly. Overall, our results identify a fluidity transition mediated by loss of cell cohesion as a critical regulator of embryo morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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37
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Čapek D, Smutny M, Tichy AM, Morri M, Janovjak H, Heisenberg CP. Light-activated Frizzled7 reveals a permissive role of non-canonical wnt signaling in mesendoderm cell migration. eLife 2019; 8:e42093. [PMID: 30648973 PMCID: PMC6365057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical Wnt signaling plays a central role for coordinated cell polarization and directed migration in metazoan development. While spatiotemporally restricted activation of non-canonical Wnt-signaling drives cell polarization in epithelial tissues, it remains unclear whether such instructive activity is also critical for directed mesenchymal cell migration. Here, we developed a light-activated version of the non-canonical Wnt receptor Frizzled 7 (Fz7) to analyze how restricted activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling affects directed anterior axial mesendoderm (prechordal plate, ppl) cell migration within the zebrafish gastrula. We found that Fz7 signaling is required for ppl cell protrusion formation and migration and that spatiotemporally restricted ectopic activation is capable of redirecting their migration. Finally, we show that uniform activation of Fz7 signaling in ppl cells fully rescues defective directed cell migration in fz7 mutant embryos. Together, our findings reveal that in contrast to the situation in epithelial cells, non-canonical Wnt signaling functions permissively rather than instructively in directed mesenchymal cell migration during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Čapek
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Michael Smutny
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia)Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Maurizio Morri
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia)Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
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38
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O'Brien LL, Combes AN, Short KM, Lindström NO, Whitney PH, Cullen-McEwen LA, Ju A, Abdelhalim A, Michos O, Bertram JF, Smyth IM, Little MH, McMahon AP. Wnt11 directs nephron progenitor polarity and motile behavior ultimately determining nephron endowment. eLife 2018; 7:e40392. [PMID: 30516471 PMCID: PMC6281319 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A normal endowment of nephrons in the mammalian kidney requires a balance of nephron progenitor self-renewal and differentiation throughout development. Here, we provide evidence for a novel action of ureteric branch tip-derived Wnt11 in progenitor cell organization and interactions within the nephrogenic niche, ultimately determining nephron endowment. In Wnt11 mutants, nephron progenitors dispersed from their restricted niche, intermixing with interstitial progenitors. Nephron progenitor differentiation was accelerated, kidneys were significantly smaller, and the nephron progenitor pool was prematurely exhausted, halving the final nephron count. Interestingly, RNA-seq revealed no significant differences in gene expression. Live imaging of nephron progenitors showed that in the absence of Wnt11 they lose stable attachments to the ureteric branch tips, continuously detaching and reattaching. Further, the polarized distribution of several markers within nephron progenitors is disrupted. Together these data highlight the importance of Wnt11 signaling in directing nephron progenitor behavior which determines a normal nephrogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alexander N Combes
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kieran M Short
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peter H Whitney
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Adler Ju
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ahmed Abdelhalim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Odyssé Michos
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - John F Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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Wilson BJ, Allen JL, Caswell PT. Vesicle trafficking pathways that direct cell migration in 3D matrices and in vivo. Traffic 2018; 19:899-909. [PMID: 30054969 PMCID: PMC6282850 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process in development and disease, and while the mechanisms that control motility are relatively well understood on two-dimensional surfaces, the control of cell migration in three dimensions (3D) and in vivo has only recently begun to be understood. Vesicle trafficking pathways have emerged as a key regulatory element in migration and invasion, with the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface cargos, including growth factor and chemokine receptors, adhesion receptors and membrane-associated proteases, being of major importance. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of how endocytic trafficking controls the availability and local activity of these cargoes to influence the movement of cells in 3D matrix and in developing organisms. In particular, we discuss how endocytic trafficking of different receptor classes spatially restricts signals and activity, usually to the leading edge of invasive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J. Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Jennifer L. Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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40
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Hossein G, Ebrahimi M, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z. Wnt11 alters integrin and cadherin expression by ovarian cancer spheroids and inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:90-104. [PMID: 29753625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of Wnt11 in multicellular tumor spheroid-like structures (MCTS) ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in xenograft nude mice model. Moreover, samples from human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) were used to assess the association of Wnt11 with integrins and cadherins. The data showed that Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 cells became more compact accompanied by increased expression of E-and N-cadherin and lower expression of EpCAM and CD44. The α5, β2, β3 and β6 integrin subunits expression levels were significantly reduced in Wnt11 overexpressing cells accompanied with significantly reduced disaggregation of Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS on ECM components. Moreover, Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS showed decreased migration, invasion as well as no tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that Wnt11 significantly and negatively correlated with ITGB2, ITGB6, and EpCAM and positively with CDH-1 in high-grade SOC specimens. Our results suggest that Wnt11 impedes MCTS attachment to ECM components and therefore can affect ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Campbell K. Contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions to organogenesis and cancer metastasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:30-35. [PMID: 30006053 PMCID: PMC6284102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays crucial roles during development, and inappropriate activation of EMTs are associated with tumor progression and promoting metastasis. In recent years, increasing studies have identified developmental contexts where cells undergo an EMT and transition to a partial-state, downregulating just a subset of epithelial characteristics and increasing only some mesenchymal traits, such as invasive motility. In parallel, recent studies have shown that EMTs are rarely fully activated in tumor cells, generating a diverse array of transition states. As our appreciation of the full spectrum of intermediate phenotypes and the huge diversity in underlying mechanisms grows, cross-disciplinary collaborations investigating developmental-EMTs and cancer-EMTs will be fundamental in order to achieve a full mechanistic understanding of this complex cell process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Campbell
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
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42
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Planar cell polarity signalling coordinates heart tube remodelling through tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2161. [PMID: 29867082 PMCID: PMC5986786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a multiple-chambered heart from the linear heart tube is inherently linked to cardiac looping. Although many molecular factors regulating the process of cardiac chamber ballooning have been identified, the cellular mechanisms underlying the chamber formation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cardiac chambers remodel by cell neighbour exchange of cardiomyocytes guided by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway triggered by two non-canonical Wnt ligands, Wnt5b and Wnt11. We find that PCP signalling coordinates the localisation of actomyosin activity, and thus the efficiency of cell neighbour exchange. On a tissue-scale, PCP signalling planar-polarises tissue tension by restricting the actomyosin contractility to the apical membranes of outflow tract cells. The tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin contractility is required for cardiac looping that occurs concurrently with chamber ballooning. Taken together, our data reveal that instructive PCP signals couple cardiac chamber expansion with cardiac looping through the organ-scale polarisation of actomyosin-based tissue tension. The molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac chamber formation are not well understood. Here, the authors show that planar cell polarity signalling through Wnt5b and Wnt11 coordinates localised and tissue-scale polarised actomyosin contractility in the zebrafish heart, regulating cardiac chamber formation and looping.
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43
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Xie Y, Miao H, Blankenship JT. Membrane trafficking in morphogenesis and planar polarity. Traffic 2018; 19:10.1111/tra.12580. [PMID: 29756260 PMCID: PMC6235730 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of how membrane trafficking pathways function to direct morphogenetic movements and the planar polarization of developing tissues is a new and emerging field. While a central focus of developmental biology has been on how protein asymmetries and cytoskeletal force generation direct cell shaping, the role of membrane trafficking in these processes has been less clear. Here, we review recent advances in Drosophila and vertebrate systems in our understanding of how trafficking events are coordinated with planar cytoskeletal function to drive lasting changes in cell and tissue topologies. We additionally explore the function of trafficking pathways in guiding the complex interactions that initiate and maintain core PCP (planar cell polarity) asymmetries and drive the generation of systematically oriented cellular projections during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
80208, USA
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
80208, USA
| | - J. Todd Blankenship
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
80208, USA
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44
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Spatiotemporal patterning of EpCAM is important for murine embryonic endo- and mesodermal differentiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1801. [PMID: 29379062 PMCID: PMC5789065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM is expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) in vitro, but is repressed in differentiated cells, except epithelia and carcinomas. Molecular functions of EpCAM, possibly imposing such repression, were primarily studied in malignant cells and might not apply to non-pathologic differentiation. Here, we comprehensively describe timing and rationale for EpCAM regulation in early murine gastrulation and ESC differentiation using single cell RNA-sequencing datasets, in vivo and in vitro models including CRISPR-Cas9-engineered ESC-mutants. We demonstrate expression of EpCAM in inner cell mass, epiblast, primitive/visceral endoderm, and strict repression in the most primitive, nascent Flk1+ mesoderm progenitors at E7.0. Selective expression of EpCAM was confirmed at mid-gestation and perinatal stages. The rationale for strict patterning was studied in ESC differentiation. Gain/loss-of-function demonstrated supportive functions of EpCAM in achieving full pluripotency and guided endodermal differentiation, but repressive functions in mesodermal differentiation as exemplified with cardiomyocyte formation. We further identified embryonic Ras (ERas) as novel EpCAM interactor of EpCAM and an EpCAM/ERas/AKT axis that is instrumental in differentiation regulation. Hence, spatiotemporal patterning of EpCAM at the onset of gastrulation, resulting in early segregation of interdependent EpCAM+ endodermal and EpCAM-/vimentin+ mesodermal clusters represents a novel regulatory feature during ESC differentiation.
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45
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Sasidharan S, Borinskaya S, Patel F, Bernadskaya Y, Mandalapu S, Agapito M, Soto MC. WAVE regulates Cadherin junction assembly and turnover during epithelial polarization. Dev Biol 2017; 434:133-148. [PMID: 29223862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an integral component of epithelial apical junctions, yet the interactions of branched actin regulators with apical junction components are still not clear. Biochemical data have shown that α-catenin inhibits Arp2/3-dependent branched actin. These results suggested that branched actin is only needed at earliest stages of apical junction development. We use live imaging in developing C. elegans embryos to test models for how WAVE-induced branched actin collaborates with other apical junction proteins during the essential process of junction formation and maturation. We uncover both early and late essential roles for WAVE in apical junction formation. Early, as the C. elegans intestinal epithelium becomes polarized, we find that WAVE components become enriched concurrently with the Cadherin components and before the DLG-1 apical accumulation. Live imaging of F-actin accumulation in polarizing intestine supports that the Cadherin complex components and branched actin regulators work together for apical actin enrichment. Later in junction development, the apical accumulation of WAVE and Cadherin components is shown to be interdependent: Cadherin complex loss alters WAVE accumulation, and WAVE complex loss increases Cadherin accumulation. To determine why Cadherin levels rise when WVE-1 is depleted, we use FRAP to analyze Cadherin dynamics and find that loss of WAVE as well as of the trafficking protein EHD-1/RME-1 increases Cadherin dynamics. EM studies in adults depleted of branched actin regulators support that WVE-1 maintains established junctions, presumably through its trafficking effect on Cadherin. Thus we propose a developmental model for junction formation where branched actin regulators are tightly interconnected with Cadherin junctions through their previously unappreciated role in Cadherin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikala Sasidharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sofya Borinskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Falshruti Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yelena Bernadskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sailaja Mandalapu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maria Agapito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Martha C Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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46
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Xiao Q, Chen Z, Jin X, Mao R, Chen Z. The many postures of noncanonical Wnt signaling in development and diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28651237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates many aspects of vertebrate development. Its dysregulation causes developmental defects and diseases including cancer. The signaling can be categorized in two pathways: canonical and noncanonical. Canonical pathway plays a key role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cells whilst noncanonical Wnt signaling mainly controls cellular polarity and motility. During development, noncanonical Wnt signaling is required for tissue formation. Recent studies have shown that noncanonical Wnt signaling is involved in adult tissue development and cancer progression. In this review, we try to describe and discuss the mechanisms behind the biological effects of noncanonical Wnt signaling, diseases caused by its dysregulation, and implications in adult tissue development biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Senior Research Scientist, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhuang Jin
- PhD, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Runyi Mao
- MDS student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqi Chen
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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47
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The Molecular Basis of Radial Intercalation during Tissue Spreading in Early Development. Dev Cell 2017; 37:213-25. [PMID: 27165554 PMCID: PMC4865533 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radial intercalation is a fundamental process responsible for the thinning of multilayered tissues during large-scale morphogenesis; however, its molecular mechanism has remained elusive. Using amphibian epiboly, the thinning and spreading of the animal hemisphere during gastrulation, here we provide evidence that radial intercalation is driven by chemotaxis of cells toward the external layer of the tissue. This role of chemotaxis in tissue spreading and thinning is unlike its typical role associated with large-distance directional movement of cells. We identify the chemoattractant as the complement component C3a, a factor normally linked with the immune system. The mechanism is explored by computational modeling and tested in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. This mechanism is robust against fluctuations of chemoattractant levels and expression patterns and explains expansion during epiboly. This study provides insight into the fundamental process of radial intercalation and could be applied to a wide range of morphogenetic events.
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48
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Morris EAR, Bodin S, Delaval B, Comunale F, Georget V, Costa ML, Lutfalla G, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillins control zebrafish epiboly through their role in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Biol Cell 2017; 109:210-221. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Rios Morris
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Bénédicte Delaval
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Virginie Georget
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Manoel L. Costa
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; Université de Montpellier II et I; CNRS, UMR 5235 Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
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Jussila M, Ciruna B. Zebrafish models of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28304136 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell-transplantation, and live-imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome-editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late-onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Rab5-regulated endocytosis plays a crucial role in apical extrusion of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2327-E2336. [PMID: 28270608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues. Recent studies have revealed that this cancer-preventive process involves the interaction with the surrounding normal epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In this study, using mammalian cell culture and zebrafish embryo systems, we have elucidated the functional involvement of endocytosis in the elimination of RasV12-transformed cells. First, we show that Rab5, a crucial regulator of endocytosis, is accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which is accompanied by up-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Addition of chlorpromazine or coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12 cells from the epithelium. We also show in zebrafish embryos that Rab5 plays an important role in the elimination of transformed cells from the enveloping layer epithelium. In addition, Rab5-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin is enhanced at the boundary between normal and RasV12 cells. Rab5 functions upstream of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), which plays a positive role in apical extrusion of RasV12 cells by regulating protein kinase A. Furthermore, we have revealed that epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) from normal epithelial cells substantially impacts on Rab5 accumulation in the neighboring transformed cells. This report demonstrates that Rab5-mediated endocytosis is a crucial regulator for the competitive interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals.
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