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Papaioannou I, Dritsoula A, Kang P, Baliga RS, Trinder SL, Cook E, Shiwen X, Hobbs AJ, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Ponticos M. NKX2-5 regulates vessel remodeling in scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164191. [PMID: 38652537 PMCID: PMC11141943 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a member of the homeobox-containing transcription factors critical in regulating tissue differentiation in development. Here, we report a role for NKX2-5 in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in vitro and in vascular remodeling in vivo. NKX2-5 is upregulated in scleroderma patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Suppression of NKX2-5 expression in smooth muscle cells halted vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration, enhanced contractility, and blocked the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Conversely, overexpression of NKX2-5 suppressed the expression of contractile genes (ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1) and enhanced the expression of matrix genes (COL1) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo, conditional deletion of NKX2-5 attenuated blood vessel remodeling and halted the progression to hypertension in a mouse chronic hypoxia model. This study revealed that signals related to injury such as serum and low confluence, which induce NKX2-5 expression in cultured cells, is potentiated by TGF-β and further enhanced by hypoxia. The effect of TGF-β was sensitive to ERK5 and PI3K inhibition. Our data suggest a pivotal role for NKX2-5 in the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells during pathological vascular remodeling and provide proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of NKX2-5 in vasculopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5/genetics
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5/metabolism
- Humans
- Vascular Remodeling/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Male
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/complications
- Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism
- Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/etiology
- Female
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papaioannou
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Dritsoula
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Kang
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma S. Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Trinder
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cook
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Shiwen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Abraham
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markella Ponticos
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Saitoh M. Transcriptional regulation of EMT transcription factors in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:21-29. [PMID: 37802266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the processes by which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells in the developmental stage, known as "complete EMT." In epithelial cancer, EMT, also termed "partial EMT," is associated with invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, and is elicited by several transcription factors, frequently referred to as EMT transcription factors. Among these transcription factors that regulate EMT, ZEB1/2 (ZEB1 and ZEB2), SNAIL, and TWIST play a prominent role in driving the EMT process (hereafter referred to as "EMT-TFs"). Among these, ZEB1/2 show positive correlation with both expression of mesenchymal marker proteins and the aggressiveness of various carcinomas. On the other hand, TWIST and SNAIL are also correlated with the aggressiveness of carcinomas, but are not highly correlated with mesenchymal marker protein expression. Interestingly, these EMT-TFs are not detected simultaneously in any studied cases of aggressive cancers, except for sarcoma. Thus, only one or some of the EMT-TFs are expressed at high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas. Expression of EMT-TFs is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a well-established inducer of EMT, in cooperation with other signaling molecules, such as active RAS signals. The focus of this review is the molecular mechanisms by which EMT-TFs are transcriptionally sustained at sufficiently high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas and upregulated by TGF-β during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan.
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3
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Ninfali C, Siles L, Esteve-Codina A, Postigo A. The mesodermal and myogenic specification of hESCs depend on ZEB1 and are inhibited by ZEB2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113222. [PMID: 37819755 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can differentiate into any cell lineage. Here, we report that ZEB1 and ZEB2 promote and inhibit mesodermal-to-myogenic specification of hESCs, respectively. Knockdown and/or overexpression experiments of ZEB1, ZEB2, or PAX7 in hESCs indicate that ZEB1 is required for hESC Nodal/Activin-mediated mesodermal specification and PAX7+ human myogenic progenitor (hMuP) generation, while ZEB2 inhibits these processes. ZEB1 downregulation induces neural markers, while ZEB2 downregulation induces mesodermal/myogenic markers. Mechanistically, ZEB1 binds to and transcriptionally activates the PAX7 promoter, while ZEB2 binds to and activates the promoter of the neural OTX2 marker. Transplanting ZEB1 or ZEB2 knocked down hMuPs into the muscles of a muscular dystrophy mouse model, showing that hMuP engraftment and generation of dystrophin-positive myofibers depend on ZEB1 and are inhibited by ZEB2. The mouse model results suggest that ZEB1 expression and/or downregulating ZEB2 in hESCs may also enhance hESC regenerative capacity for human muscular dystrophy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Molecular Targets Program, J.G. Brown Center, Louisville University Healthcare Campus, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Abstract
The vasculature consists of vessels of different sizes that are arranged in a hierarchical pattern. Two cell populations work in concert to establish this pattern during embryonic development and adopt it to changes in blood flow demand later in life: endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels, and adjacent vascular mural cells, including smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Despite recent progress in elucidating the signalling pathways controlling their crosstalk, much debate remains with regard to how mural cells influence endothelial cell biology and thereby contribute to the regulation of blood vessel formation and diameters. In this Review, I discuss mural cell functions and their interactions with endothelial cells, focusing on how these interactions ensure optimal blood flow patterns. Subsequently, I introduce the signalling pathways controlling mural cell development followed by an overview of mural cell ontogeny with an emphasis on the distinguishing features of mural cells located on different types of blood vessels. Ultimately, I explore therapeutic strategies involving mural cells to alleviate tissue ischemia and improve vascular efficiency in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt F. Siekmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1114 Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Muscle Regeneration in Holothurians without the Upregulation of Muscle Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416037. [PMID: 36555677 PMCID: PMC9785333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix is capable of fully restoring its muscles after transverse dissection. Although the regeneration of these structures is well studied at the cellular level, the molecular basis of the process remains poorly understood. To identify genes that may be involved in the regulation of muscle regeneration, the transcriptome of the longitudinal muscle band of E. fraudatrix has been sequenced at different time periods post-injury. An analysis of the map of biological processes and pathways has shown that most genes associated with myogenesis decrease their expression during the regeneration. The only exception is the genes united by the GO term "heart valve development". This may indicate the antiquity of mechanisms of mesodermal structure transformation, which was co-opted into various morphogeneses in deuterostomes. Two groups of genes that play a key role in the regeneration have been analyzed: transcription factors and matrix metalloproteinases. A total of six transcription factor genes (Ef-HOX5, Ef-ZEB2, Ef-RARB, Ef-RUNX1, Ef-SOX17, and Ef-ZNF318) and seven matrix metalloproteinase genes (Ef-MMP11, Ef-MMP13, Ef-MMP13-1, Ef-MMP16-2, Ef-MMP16-3, Ef-MMP24, and Ef-MMP24-1) showing differential expression during myogenesis have been revealed. The identified genes are assumed to be involved in the muscle regeneration in holothurians.
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6
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Lee JH, Massagué J. TGF-β in Developmental and Fibrogenic EMTs. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:136-145. [PMID: 36183999 PMCID: PMC10155902 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β plays a prominent role as an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) during development and wound healing and in disease conditions such as fibrosis and cancer. During these processes EMT occurs together with changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, communication, and extracellular matrix remodeling that are orchestrated by multiple signaling inputs besides TGF-β. Chief among these inputs is RAS-MAPK signaling, which is frequently required for EMT induction by TGF-β. Recent work elucidated the molecular basis for the cooperation between the TGF-β-SMAD and RAS-MAPK pathways in the induction of EMT in embryonic, adult and carcinoma epithelial cells. These studies also provided direct mechanistic links between EMT and progenitor cell differentiation during gastrulation or intra-tumoral fibrosis during cancer metastasis. These insights illuminate the nature of TGF-β driven EMTs as part of broader processes during development, fibrogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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7
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Cheng P, Wirka RC, Clarke LS, Zhao Q, Kundu R, Nguyen T, Nair S, Sharma D, Kim HJ, Shi H, Assimes T, Kim JB, Kundaje A, Quertermous T. ZEB2 Shapes the Epigenetic Landscape of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2022; 145:469-485. [PMID: 34990206 PMCID: PMC8896308 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) transition into a number of different phenotypes during atherosclerosis, including those that resemble fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and make up the majority of cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. To better understand the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate these cell state changes, and how they relate to risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), we have investigated the causality and function of transcription factors at genome-wide associated loci. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing to identify the causal gene and cells for a complex CAD genome-wide association study signal at 2q22.3. Single-cell epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling in murine models and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were used to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism by which this CAD risk gene exerts its function. RESULTS CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing showed that the complex CAD genetic signals within a genomic region at 2q22.3 lie within smooth muscle long-distance enhancers for ZEB2, a transcription factor extensively studied in the context of epithelial mesenchymal transition in development of cancer. Zeb2 regulates SMC phenotypic transition through chromatin remodeling that obviates accessibility and disrupts both Notch and transforming growth factor β signaling, thus altering the epigenetic trajectory of SMC transitions. SMC-specific loss of Zeb2 resulted in an inability of transitioning SMCs to turn off contractile programing and take on a fibroblast-like phenotype, but accelerated the formation of chondromyocytes, mirroring features of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify ZEB2 as a new CAD genome-wide association study gene that affects features of plaque vulnerability through direct effects on the epigenome, providing a new therapeutic approach to target vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert C. Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lee Shoa Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Surag Nair
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Hyun-jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Huitong Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
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8
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Zhu M, Niu J, Jiang J, Dong T, Chen Y, Yang X, Liu P. Chelerythrine inhibits the progression of glioblastoma by suppressing the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 293:120358. [PMID: 35092731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive intracranial tumor with poor prognosis. A large majority of clinical chemotherapeutic agents cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Chelerythrine (CHE), a natural component with multitudinous pharmacological functions, has been proven to have outstanding antitumor effects in addition to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hypotensive effects. However, the anti-GBM effect of CHE has not been reported to date. The purpose of this paper is to observe the anti-GBM effect of CHE and further explore the related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBM cell lines (U251 and T98G) and BALB/c nude mice were used in the experiments. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and clone formation assays were applied to detect the viability, proliferation and stemness of GBM cells. Flow cytometry was utilized to identify the effect of CHE on GBM apoptosis. Scratch and Transwell experiments reflected the migration and invasion of cells. In vivo, xenograft tumors were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. The progression of tumors was assessed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, western blot, bioinformatics, and immunohistochemistry experiments were used to explore the molecular mechanisms in depth. KEY FINDINGS In vitro tests showed that CHE inhibited the proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion of GBM cells and induced apoptosis. In vitro, CHE was observed to restrain the progression of xenograft tumors. We eventually proved that the cytotoxicity of CHE was relevant to the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE CHE inhibited GBM progression by inhibiting the TGFB1-ERK1/2/Smad2/3-Snail/ZEB1 signaling pathway and is a potential chemotherapeutic drug for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiamei Niu
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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9
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He L, Chen IW, Zhang Z, Zheng W, Sayadi A, Wang L, Sang W, Ji R, Lei J, Arnqvist G, Lei C, Zhu-Salzman K. In silico promoter analysis and functional validation identify CmZFH, the co-regulator of hypoxia-responsive genes CmScylla and CmLPCAT. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103681. [PMID: 34800642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays an essential role in aerobic organisms including terrestrial insects. Under hypoxic stress, the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) ceases feeding and growth. However, larvae, particularly 4th instar larvae exhibit very high tolerance to hypoxia and can recover normal growth once brought to normoxia. To better understand the molecular mechanism that enables insects to cope with low O2 stress, we performed RNA-seq to distinguish hypoxia-responsive genes in midguts and subsequently identified potential common cis-elements in promoters of hypoxia-induced and -repressed genes, respectively. Selected elements were subjected to gel-shift and transient transfection assays to confirm their cis-regulatory function. Of these putative common cis-elements, AREB6 appeared to regulate the expression of CmLPCAT and CmScylla, two hypoxia-induced genes. CmZFH, the putative AREB6-binding protein, was hypoxia-inducible. Transient expression of CmZFH in Drosophila S2 cells activated CmLPCAT and CmScylla, and their induction was likely through interaction of CmZFH with AREB6. Binding to AREB6 was further confirmed by bacterially expressed CmZFH recombinant protein. Deletion analyses indicated that the N-terminal zinc-finger cluster of CmZFH was the key AREB6-binding domain. Through in silico and experimental exploration, we discovered novel transcriptional regulatory components associated with gene expression dynamics under hypoxia that facilitated insect survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ivy W Chen
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wen Sang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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10
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Zhang B, Gao L, Shao C, Deng M, Chen L. Arecoline Enhances Phosphodiesterase 4A Activity to Promote Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Buccal Mucosal Fibroblast Activation via cAMP-Epac1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722040. [PMID: 34819854 PMCID: PMC8606562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chewing areca nut (betel quid) is strongly associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a pre-cancerous lesion. Among the areca alkaloids, arecoline is the main agent responsible for fibroblast proliferation; however, the specific molecular mechanism of arecoline affecting the OSF remains unclear. The present study revealed that arecoline treatment significantly enhanced Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced buccal mucosal fibroblast (BMF) activation and fibrotic changes. Arecoline interacts with phosphodiesterase 4A (PDE4A) to exert its effects through modulating PDE4A activity but not PDE4A expression. PDE4A silence reversed the effects of arecoline on TGF-β-induced BMFs activation and fibrotic changes. Moreover, the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1)-selective Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) analog (8-Me-cAMP) but not the protein kinase A (PKA)-selective cAMP analog (N6-cAMP) remarkably suppressed α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (Col1A1) protein levels in response to TGF-β1 and arecoline co-treatment, indicating that cAMP-Epac1 but not cAMP-PKA signaling is involved in arecoline functions on TGF-β1-induced BMFs activation. In conclusion, arecoline promotes TGF-β1-induced BMFs activation through enhancing PDE4A activity and the cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway during OSF. This novel mechanism might provide more powerful strategies for OSF treatment, requiring further in vivo and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunsheng Shao
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingsi Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Liangjian Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Dysregulation of Cytoskeleton Remodeling Drives Invasive Leading Cells Detachment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225648. [PMID: 34830801 PMCID: PMC8616115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Detachment of cancer cells is the first step in tumor metastasis and malignancy. Our results showed that the TGF-β1/vimentin/focal adhesion protein assembly axis was involved in the control of the dynamics of initial tumor detachment under adequate nutrition, based on the Boyden chamber and 3D in-gel spheroid analysis. Abstract Detachment of cancer cells is the first step in tumor metastasis and malignancy. However, studies on the balance of initial tumor anchoring and detachment are limited. Herein, we revealed that the regulation of cytoskeleton proteins potentiates tumor detachment. The blockage of TGF-β1 using neutralizing antibodies induced cancer cell detachment in the Boyden chamber and 3D in-gel spheroid models. Moreover, treatment with latrunculin B, an actin polymerization inhibitor, enhanced cell dissociation by abolishing actin fibers, indicating that TGF-β1 mediates the formation of actin stress fibers, and is likely responsible for the dynamics of anchoring and detachment. Indeed, latrunculin B disrupted the formation of external TGF-β1-induced actin fibers and translocation of intracellular vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, resulting in the suppression of cell adhesion. Moreover, the silencing of vimentin substantially reduced cell adhesion and enhanced cell detachment, revealing that cell adhesion and focal adhesion protein translocation stimulated by TGF-β1 require vimentin. Using the 3D in-gel spheroid model, we found that latrunculin B suppressed the cell adhesion promoted by external TGF-β1, increasing the number of cells that penetrated the Matrigel and detached from the tumor spheres. Thus, cytoskeleton remodeling maintained the balance of cell anchoring and detachment, and the TGF-β1/vimentin/focal adhesion protein assembly axis was involved in the control dynamics of initial tumor detachment.
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
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13
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González-Martínez S, Pérez-Mies B, Pizarro D, Caniego-Casas T, Cortés J, Palacios J. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Response in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147398. [PMID: 34299016 PMCID: PMC8306902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a heterogeneous group of infrequent triple negative (TN) invasive carcinomas with poor prognosis. MBCs have a different clinical behavior from other types of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), being more resistant to standard chemotherapy. MBCs are an example of tumors with activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanisms involved in EMT could be responsible for the increase in the infiltrative and metastatic capacity of MBCs and resistance to treatments. In addition, a relationship between EMT and the immune response has been seen in these tumors. In this sense, MBC differ from other TN tumors showing a lower number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and a higher percentage of tumor cells expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). A better understanding of the relationship between the immune system and EMT could provide new therapeutic approaches in MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Pérez-Mies
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (T.C.-C.)
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pizarro
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (T.C.-C.)
| | - Tamara Caniego-Casas
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (T.C.-C.)
| | - Javier Cortés
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quironsalud Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - José Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (T.C.-C.)
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.P.)
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14
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Expression and Function of ZEB1 in the Cornea. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040925. [PMID: 33923743 PMCID: PMC8074155 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZEB1 is an important transcription factor for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the regulation of cell differentiation and transformation. In the cornea, ZEB1 presents in all three layers: the epithelium, the stroma and the endothelium. Mutations of ZEB1 have been linked to multiple corneal genetic defects, particularly to the corneal dystrophies including keratoconus (KD), Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). Accumulating evidence indicates that dysfunction of ZEB1 may affect corneal stem cell homeostasis, and cause corneal cell apoptosis, stromal fibrosis, angiogenesis, squamous metaplasia. Understanding how ZEB1 regulates the initiation and progression of these disorders will help us in targeting ZEB1 for potential avenues to generate therapeutics to treat various ZEB1-related disorders.
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15
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Scott RA, Fowler EW, Jia X, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Regulation of neovasculogenesis in co-cultures of aortic adventitial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells by cell-cell interactions and TGF-β/ALK5 signaling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244243. [PMID: 33370415 PMCID: PMC7769260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are critical mediators of vascular remodeling. However, the contributions of AFs towards development of vasculature and the specific mechanisms by which these cells regulate physiological expansion of the vasa vasorum, the specialized microvasculature that supplies nutrients to the vascular wall, are not well understood. To determine the regulatory role of AFs in microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) neovasculogenesis and to investigate the regulatory pathways utilized for communication between the two cell types, AFs and MVECs were cultured together in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Following preliminary evaluation of a set of cell adhesion peptides (AG10, AG73, A2G78, YIGSR, RGD), 7.5wt% hydrogels containing 3 mM RGD were selected as these substrates did not initiate primitive tubule structures in 3D MVEC monocultures, thus providing a passive platform to study AF-MVEC interaction. The addition of AFs to hydrogels promoted MVEC viability; however, increasing AF density within hydrogels stimulated MVEC proliferation, increased microvessel density and size, and enhanced deposition of basement membrane proteins, collagen IV and laminin. Importantly, AF-MVEC communication through the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) signaling pathway was observed to mediate microvessel formation, as inhibition of ALK5 significantly decreased MVEC proliferation, microvessel formation, mural cell recruitment, and basement membrane production. These data indicate that AFs regulate MVEC neovasculogenesis and suggest that therapeutics targeting the TGF-β/ALK5 pathway may be useful for regulation of vasculogenic and anti-vasculogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Nemours—Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Akins
- Nemours—Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
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16
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Li H, Zou J, Yu XH, Ou X, Tang CK. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and atherosclerosis: New insights and therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4216-4230. [PMID: 33275290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), an important transcription factor belonging to the ZEB family, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression required for both normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that ZEB1 participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that ZEB1 protects against atherosclerosis by regulation of endothelial cell angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, macrophage lipid accumulation, macrophage polarization, monocyte-vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) interaction, VSMC proliferation and migration, and T cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ZEB1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide insights into the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Instrument and Equipment Technology Laboratory of Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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17
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Intrinsic Balance between ZEB Family Members Is Important for Melanocyte Homeostasis and Melanoma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082248. [PMID: 32796736 PMCID: PMC7465899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear that cellular plasticity is a main driver of cancer therapy resistance. Consequently, there is a need to mechanistically identify the factors driving this process. The transcription factors of the zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox family, consisting of ZEB1 and ZEB2, are notorious for their roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, in melanoma, an intrinsic balance between ZEB1 and ZEB2 seems to determine the cellular state by modulating the expression of the master regulator of melanocyte homeostasis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). ZEB2 drives MITF expression and is associated with a differentiated/proliferative melanoma cell state. On the other hand, ZEB1 is correlated with low MITF expression and a more invasive, stem cell-like and therapy-resistant cell state. This intrinsic balance between ZEB1 and ZEB2 could prove to be a promising therapeutic target for melanoma patients. In this review, we will summarise what is known on the functional mechanisms of these transcription factors. Moreover, we will look specifically at their roles during melanocyte-lineage development and homeostasis. Finally, we will overview the current literature on ZEB1 and ZEB2 in the melanoma context and link this to the 'phenotype-switching' model of melanoma cellular plasticity.
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18
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Human Schlafen 5 regulates reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transitions in breast cancer by suppression of ZEB1 transcription. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:633-643. [PMID: 32488136 PMCID: PMC7435190 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) has been reported to inhibit or promote cell invasion in tumours depending on their origin. However, its role in breast cancer (BRCA) is undetermined. METHODS Differential expression analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, clinical samples and cell lines were performed. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to detect changes in cell morphology, molecular markers and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and luciferase reporter assays were performed to detect the SLFN5-binding motif. RESULTS TCGA, clinical samples and cell lines showed that SLFN5 expression was negatively correlated with BRCA metastasis. SLFN5 knockdown induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced invasion in BRCA cell lines. However, overexpression triggered mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). SLFN5 inhibited the expression of ZEB1 but not ZEB2, SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1 or TWIST2. Knockdown and overexpression of ZEB1 indicated that it was a mediator of the SLFN5-governed phenotype and invasion changes. Moreover, SLFN5 inhibited ZEB1 transcription by directly binding to the SLFN5-binding motif on the ZEB1 promoter, but a SLFN5 C-terminal deletion mutant did not. CONCLUSION SLFN5 regulates reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transitions, and inhibits BRCA metastasis by suppression of ZEB1 transcription, suggesting that SLFN5 could be a potential target for BRCA therapy.
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Li X, Wang J. Mechanical tumor microenvironment and transduction: cytoskeleton mediates cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2014-2028. [PMID: 32549750 PMCID: PMC7294938 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated, multistep process that is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related death. Metastatic disease or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another requires dramatic remodeling of the cytoskeleton. The regulation of cancer cell migration is determined not only by biochemical factors in the microenvironment but also by the biomechanical contextual information provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The responses of the cytoskeleton to chemical signals are well characterized and understood. However, the mechanisms of response to mechanical signals in the form of externally applied force and forces generated by the ECM are still poorly understood. Furthermore, understanding the way cellular mechanosensors interact with the physical properties of the microenvironment and transmit the signals to activate the cytoskeletal movements may help identify an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we will discuss the role of tumor microenvironment during cancer metastasis and how physical forces remodel the cytoskeleton through mechanosensing and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China
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20
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Kiyosawa N, Watanabe K, Morishima Y, Yamashita T, Yagi N, Arita T, Otsuka T, Suzuki S. Exploratory Analysis of Circulating miRNA Signatures in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Determining Potential Biomarkers to Support Decision-Making in Anticoagulation and Catheter Ablation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072444. [PMID: 32244749 PMCID: PMC7178177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are desired to improve risk management for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We measured 179 plasma miRNAs in 83 AF patients using multiplex qRT-PCR. Plasma levels of eight (i.e., hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-130a-3p, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-148b-3p, hsa-miR-497-5p, hsa-miR-652-3p) and three (i.e., hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-194-5p) miRNAs showed positive and negative correlations with CHA2DS2-VASc scores, respectively, which also showed negative and positive correlations with catheter ablation (CA) procedure, respectively, within the follow-up observation period up to 6-month after enrollment. These 11 miRNAs were functionally associated with TGF-β signaling and androgen signaling based on pathway enrichment analysis. Seven of possible target genes of these miRNAs, namely TGFBR1, PDGFRA, ZEB1, IGFR1, BCL2, MAPK1 and DICER1 were found to be modulated by more than four miRNAs of the eleven. Of them, TGFBR1, PDGFRA, ZEB1 and BCL2 are reported to exert pro-fibrotic functions, suggesting that dysregulations of these eleven miRNAs may reflect pro-fibrotic condition in the high-risk patients. Although highly speculative, these miRNAs may potentially serve as potential biomarkers, providing mechanistic and quantitative information for pathophysiology in daily clinical practice with AF such as possible pro-fibrotic state in left atrium, which would enhance the risk of stroke and reduce the preference for performing CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kiyosawa
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 140-0005, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5740-3412
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Biomarker & Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 140-0005, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishima
- Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8426, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Naoharu Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Takuto Arita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Takayuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinya Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (S.S.)
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21
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Zabini D, Granton E, Hu Y, Miranda MZ, Weichelt U, Breuils Bonnet S, Bonnet S, Morrell NW, Connelly KA, Provencher S, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Olschewski A, Kapus A, Kuebler WM. Loss of SMAD3 Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via MRTF Disinhibition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:244-260. [PMID: 29095649 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201702-0386oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results from smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and proliferation of vascular cells. Loss of BMPR-II (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) signaling and increased signaling via TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) and its downstream mediators SMAD (small body size [a C. elegans protein] mothers against decapentaplegic [a Drosophila protein family])-2/3 has been proposed to drive lung vascular remodeling; yet, proteomic analyses indicate a loss of SMAD3 in PAH. OBJECTIVES We proposed that SMAD3 may be dysregulated in PAH and that loss of SMAD3 may present a pathophysiological master switch by disinhibiting its interaction partner, MRTF (myocardin-related transcription factor), which drives muscle protein expression. METHODS SMAD3 levels were measured in lungs from PAH patients, rats treated either with Sugen/hypoxia or monocrotaline (MCT), and in mice carrying a BMPR2 mutation. In vitro, effects of SMAD3 or BMPR2 silencing or SMAD3 overexpression on cell proliferation or smooth muscle hypertrophy were assessed. In vivo, the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of CCG1423, an inhibitor of MRTF, was investigated in Sugen/hypoxia rats. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SMAD3 was downregulated in lungs of patients with PAH and in pulmonary arteries of three independent PAH animal models. TGF-β treatment replicated the loss of SMAD3 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (huPASMCs) and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. SMAD3 silencing increased proliferation and migration in huPASMCs and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed reduced interaction of MRTF with SMAD3 in TGF-β-treated huPASMCs and pulmonary arteries of PAH animal models. In huPASMCs, loss of SMAD3 or BMPR-II increased smooth muscle actin expression, which was attenuated by MRTF inhibition. Conversely, SMAD3 overexpression prevented TGF-β-induced activation of an MRTF reporter and reduced actin stress fibers in BMPR2-silenced huPASMCs. MRTF inhibition attenuated PAH and lung vascular remodeling in Sugen/hypoxia rats. CONCLUSIONS Loss of SMAD3 presents a novel pathomechanism in PAH that promotes vascular cell proliferation and-via MRTF disinhibition-hypertrophy of huPASMCs, thereby reconciling the parallel induction of a synthetic and contractile huPASMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zabini
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elise Granton
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yijie Hu
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Zena Miranda
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrike Weichelt
- 3 Department of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Breuils Bonnet
- 4 Pulmonary Hypertension Group of the Institute of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- 4 Pulmonary Hypertension Group of the Institute of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- 5 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim A Connelly
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- 4 Pulmonary Hypertension Group of the Institute of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- 6 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Walter Klepetko
- 6 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- 2 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Andras Kapus
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,7 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 1 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,7 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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New Insights into the Role of Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040891. [PMID: 30791369 PMCID: PMC6412502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process by which differentiated epithelial cells undergo a phenotypic conversion to a mesenchymal nature. The EMT has been increasingly recognized as an essential process for tissue fibrogenesis during disease and normal aging. Higher levels of EMT proteins in aged tissues support the involvement of EMT as a possible cause and/or consequence of the aging process. Here, we will highlight the existing understanding of EMT supporting the phenotypical alterations that occur during normal aging or pathogenesis, covering the impact of EMT deregulation in tissue homeostasis and stem cell function.
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23
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Low EL, Baker AH, Bradshaw AC. TGFβ, smooth muscle cells and coronary artery disease: a review. Cell Signal 2019; 53:90-101. [PMID: 30227237 PMCID: PMC6293316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis are key events in the development of intimal hyperplasia, a pathophysiological response to acute or chronic sources of vascular damage that can lead to occlusive narrowing of the vessel lumen. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary artery disease, is characterised by chronic vascular inflammation and dyslipidemia, while revascularisation surgeries such as coronary stenting and bypass grafting represent acute forms of vascular injury. Gene knockouts of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), its receptors and downstream signalling proteins have demonstrated the importance of this pleiotropic cytokine during vasculogenesis and in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Dysregulated TGFβ signalling is a hallmark of many vascular diseases, and has been associated with the induction of pathological vascular cell phenotypes, fibrosis and ECM remodelling. Here we present an overview of TGFβ signalling in SMCs, highlighting the ways in which this multifaceted cytokine regulates SMC behaviour and phenotype in cardiovascular diseases driven by intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Low
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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24
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Shin JO, Lee JM, Bok J, Jung HS. Inhibition of the Zeb family prevents murine palatogenesis through regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) latent protein LANA modulates cellular genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Arch Virol 2018; 164:91-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Iyer D, Zhao Q, Wirka R, Naravane A, Nguyen T, Liu B, Nagao M, Cheng P, Miller CL, Kim JB, Pjanic M, Quertermous T. Coronary artery disease genes SMAD3 and TCF21 promote opposing interactive genetic programs that regulate smooth muscle cell differentiation and disease risk. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007681. [PMID: 30307970 PMCID: PMC6198989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous genetic loci have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) with genome wide association studies, efforts are needed to identify the causal genes in these loci and link them into fundamental signaling pathways. Recent studies have investigated the disease mechanism of CAD associated gene SMAD3, a central transcription factor (TF) in the TGFβ pathway, investigating its role in smooth muscle biology. In vitro studies in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) revealed that SMAD3 modulates cellular phenotype, promoting expression of differentiation marker genes while inhibiting proliferation. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing studies in HCASMC identified downstream genes that reside in pathways which mediate vascular development and atherosclerosis processes in this cell type. HCASMC phenotype, and gene expression patterns promoted by SMAD3 were noted to have opposing direction of effect compared to another CAD associated TF, TCF21. At sites of SMAD3 and TCF21 colocalization on DNA, SMAD3 binding was inversely correlated with TCF21 binding, due in part to TCF21 locally blocking chromatin accessibility at the SMAD3 binding site. Further, TCF21 was able to directly inhibit SMAD3 activation of gene expression in transfection reporter gene studies. In contrast to TCF21 which is protective toward CAD, SMAD3 expression in HCASMC was shown to be directly correlated with disease risk. We propose that the pro-differentiation action of SMAD3 inhibits dedifferentiation that is required for HCASMC to expand and stabilize disease plaque as they respond to vascular stresses, counteracting the protective dedifferentiating activity of TCF21 and promoting disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Iyer
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Wirka
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ameay Naravane
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Frismantiene A, Philippova M, Erne P, Resink TJ. Smooth muscle cell-driven vascular diseases and molecular mechanisms of VSMC plasticity. Cell Signal 2018; 52:48-64. [PMID: 30172025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Unlike many other mature cell types in the adult body, VSMC do not terminally differentiate but retain a remarkable plasticity. Fully differentiated medial VSMCs of mature vessels maintain quiescence and express a range of genes and proteins important for contraction/dilation, which allows them to control systemic and local pressure through the regulation of vascular tone. In response to vascular injury or alterations in local environmental cues, differentiated/contractile VSMCs are capable of switching to a dedifferentiated phenotype characterized by increased proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in concert with decreased expression of contractile markers. Imbalanced VSMC plasticity results in maladaptive phenotype alterations that ultimately lead to progression of a variety of VSMC-driven vascular diseases. The nature, extent and consequences of dysregulated VSMC phenotype alterations are diverse, reflecting the numerous environmental cues (e.g. biochemical factors, extracellular matrix components, physical) that prompt VSMC phenotype switching. In spite of decades of efforts to understand cues and processes that normally control VSMC differentiation and their disruption in VSMC-driven disease states, the crucial molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that shape the VSMC phenotype programme have still not yet been precisely elucidated. In this article we introduce the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle/VSMCs, outline VSMC-driven cardiovascular diseases and the concept of VSMC phenotype switching, and review molecular mechanisms that play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Frismantiene
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Nakamura R, Ishii H, Endo K, Hotta A, Fujii E, Miyazawa K, Saitoh M. Reciprocal expression of Slug and Snail in human oral cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199442. [PMID: 29969465 PMCID: PMC6029773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Snail, also called Snai1, is a key regulator of EMT. Snail plays crucial roles in cancer progression, including resistance to anti-tumor drugs and invasion by various cancer cells. Slug, also known as Snai2, is also involved in the aggravation of certain tumors. In this study, we examined the roles of Slug in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Slug is highly expressed in these cells, and Slug siRNA effectively represses anti-tumor drug resistance and invasive properties. In addition, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β upregulates the expression of Snail and Slug and promotes resistance to anti-tumor drugs in OSCC cells. Surprisingly, Slug siRNA appears to upregulate Snail expression considerably in OSCC cells. Snail siRNA also appears to upregulate Slug expression. Thus, either Slug or Snail siRNA alone partially mitigates malignant phenotypes in the presence of TGF-β, whereas both Slug and Snail siRNAs together dramatically suppress them. Therefore, Slug and Snail in tandem, but not alone, are potential therapeutic targets for nucleic acid medicines to treat oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Asami Hotta
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kofu Municipal Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wu J, Jackson-Weaver O, Xu J. The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:323-335. [PMID: 29462261 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily includes the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and Activin/Inhibin families of ligands. Among the 33 members of TGFβ superfamily ligands, many act on multiple types of cells within the heart, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells (e.g. monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in different cardiac residential cellular components, in association with functional impacts in heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction. Specifically, we will review the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractility, metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Jin JZ, Lei Z, Lan ZJ, Mukhopadhyay P, Ding J. Inactivation of Fgfr2 gene in mouse secondary palate mesenchymal cells leads to cleft palate. Reprod Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29526646 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling mammalian secondary palate development such as growth, reorientation and fusion. However, little is known about the signaling factors regulating palate initiation. Mouse fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 gene (Fgfr2) is expressed on E11.5 in the palate outgrowth within the maxillary process, in a region that is responsible for palate cell specification and shelf initiation. Fgfr2 continues to express in palate on E12.5 and E13.5 in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and inactivation of Fgfr2 expression in mesenchymal cells using floxed Fgfr2 allele and Osr2-Cre leads to cleft palate at various stages including reorientation, horizontal growth and fusion. Notably, some mutant embryos displayed no sign of palate shelf formation suggesting that FGF receptor 2 mediated FGF signaling may play an important role in palate initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Zhen Jin
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Lan
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jixiang Ding
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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31
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Roostalu U, Wong JK. Arterial smooth muscle dynamics in development and repair. Dev Biol 2018; 435:109-121. [PMID: 29397877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial vasculature distributes blood from early embryonic development and provides a nutrient highway to maintain tissue viability. Atherosclerosis, peripheral artery diseases, stroke and aortic aneurysm represent the most frequent causes of death and are all directly related to abnormalities in the function of arteries. Vascular intervention techniques have been established for the treatment of all of these pathologies, yet arterial surgery can itself lead to biological changes in which uncontrolled arterial wall cell proliferation leads to restricted blood flow. In this review we describe the intricate cellular composition of arteries, demonstrating how a variety of distinct cell types in the vascular walls regulate the function of arteries. We provide an overview of the developmental origin of arteries and perivascular cells and focus on cellular dynamics in arterial repair. We summarize the current knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways that regulate vascular smooth muscle differentiation in the embryo and in arterial injury response. Our review aims to highlight the similarities as well as differences between cellular and molecular mechanisms that control arterial development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Jason Kf Wong
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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32
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Ribera J, Pauta M, Melgar-Lesmes P, Córdoba B, Bosch A, Calvo M, Rodrigo-Torres D, Sancho-Bru P, Mira A, Jiménez W, Morales-Ruiz M. A small population of liver endothelial cells undergoes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in response to chronic liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G492-G504. [PMID: 28798084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00428.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rising evidence points to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a significant source of the mesenchymal cell population in fibrotic diseases. In this context, we hypothesized that liver endothelial cells undergo EndMT during fibrosis progression. Cirrhosis in mice was induced by CCl4 A transgenic mouse expressing a red fluorescent protein reporter under the control of Tie2 promoter (Tie2-tdTomato) was used to trace the acquisition of EndMT. Sinusoidal vascular connectivity was evaluated by intravital microscopy and high-resolution three-dimensional confocal microscopy. A modest but significant fraction of liver endothelial cells from both cirrhotic patients and CCl4-treated Tie2-tdTomato mice acquired an EndMT phenotype characterized by the coexpression of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin, compared with noncirrhotic livers. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) inhibited the acquisition of EndMT induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment in cultured primary mouse liver endothelial cells from control mice. EndMT was also reduced significantly in vivo in cirrhotic Tie2-tdTomato mice treated intraperitoneally with BMP-7 compared with untreated mice (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.8 ± 0.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). The decrease of EndMT in cirrhotic livers correlated with a significant decrease in liver fibrosis (P < 0.05) and an improvement in the vascular disorganization rate (P < 0.05). We demonstrated the acquisition of the EndMT phenotype by a subpopulation of endothelial cells from cirrhotic livers in both animal models and patients. BMP-7 treatment decreases the occurrence of the EndMT phenotype and has a positive impact on the severity of disease by reducing fibrosis and sinusoidal vascular disorganization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A subpopulation of liver endothelial cells from cirrhotic patients and mice with liver fibrosis undergoes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Liver endothelial cells from healthy mice could transition into a mesenchymal phenotype in culture in response to TGF-β1 treatment. Fibrotic livers treated chronically with BMP-7 showed lower EndMT acquisition, reduced fibrosis, and improved vascular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Pauta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Córdoba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bosch
- Advanced Optic Microscopy Unit, School of Medicine, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo
- Advanced Optic Microscopy Unit, School of Medicine, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Aurea Mira
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; .,Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sharma V, Dogra N, Saikia UN, Khullar M. Transcriptional regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cardiac fibrosis: role of myocardin-related transcription factor A and activating transcription factor 3. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1263-1270. [PMID: 28686848 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of cardiac fibrogenesis is quite diverse, but a common feature is the presence of activated fibroblasts. Experimental evidence suggests that a subset of cardiac fibroblasts is derived via transition of vascular endothelial cells into fibroblasts by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Molecular mechanisms and the transcriptional mediators controlling EndMT in heart during development or disease remain relatively undefined. Myocardin-related transcription factor A facilitates the transcription of cytoskeletal genes by serum response factor during fibrosis; therefore, its specific role in cardiac EndMT might be of importance. Activation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) during cardiac EndMT is speculative, since ATF-3 responds to a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) stimulus and controls the expression of the primary epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers Snail, Slug, and Twist. Although the role of TGF-β in EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis has been established, targeting of the TGF-β ligand has not proven to be a viable anti-fibrotic strategy owing to the broad functional importance of this ligand. Thus, targeting of downstream transcriptional mediators may be a useful therapeutic approach in attenuating cardiac fibrosis. Here, we discuss some of the transcription factors that may regulate EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis and their involvement in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Sharma
- a Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Nilambra Dogra
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- a Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
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Lu J, Shenoy AK. Epithelial-to-Pericyte Transition in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070077. [PMID: 28677655 PMCID: PMC5532613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. These two processes are genetically separable and governed by distinct transcriptional programs, rendering the EMT outputs highly heterogeneous. Our recent study shows that the mesenchymal products generated by EMT often express multiple pericyte markers, associate with and stabilize blood vessels to fuel tumor growth, thus phenotypically and functionally resembling pericytes. Therefore, some EMT events represent epithelial-to-pericyte transition (EPT). The serum response factor (SRF) plays key roles in both EMT and differentiation of pericytes, and may inherently confer the pericyte attributes on EMT cancer cells. By impacting their intratumoral location and cell surface receptor expression, EPT may enable cancer cells to receive and respond to angiocrine factors produced by the vascular niche, and develop therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3633, USA.
| | - Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA 93612, USA.
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Kessler T, Wobst J, Wolf B, Eckhold J, Vilne B, Hollstein R, von Ameln S, Dang TA, Sager HB, Moritz Rumpf P, Aherrahrou R, Kastrati A, Björkegren JLM, Erdmann J, Lusis AJ, Civelek M, Kaiser FJ, Schunkert H. Functional Characterization of the GUCY1A3 Coronary Artery Disease Risk Locus. Circulation 2017; 136:476-489. [PMID: 28487391 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chromosomal locus at 4q32.1 has been genome-wide significantly associated with coronary artery disease risk. The locus encompasses GUCY1A3, which encodes the α1 subunit of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), a key enzyme in the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway. The mechanism linking common variants in this region with coronary risk is not known. METHODS Gene expression and protein expression were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Putative allele-specific transcription factors were identified with in silico analyses and validated via allele-specific quantification of antibody-precipitated chromatin fractions. Regulatory properties of the lead risk variant region were analyzed with reporter gene assays. To assess the effect of zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 1 transcription factor (ZEB1), siRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed. Association of GUCY1A3 genotype and cellular phenotypes was analyzed with vascular smooth muscle cell migration assays and platelet aggregation analyses. RESULTS Whole-blood GUCY1A3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in individuals homozygous for the lead (rs7692387) risk variant. Likewise, reporter gene assays demonstrated significantly lower GUCY1A3 promoter activity for constructs carrying this allele. In silico analyses located a DNase I hypersensitivity site to rs7692387 and predicted binding of the transcription factor ZEB1 rather to the nonrisk allele, which was confirmed experimentally. Knockdown of ZEB1 resulted in more profound reduction of nonrisk allele promoter activity and a significant reduction of endogenous GUCY1A3 expression. Ex vivo-studied platelets from homozygous nonrisk allele carriers displayed enhanced inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil compared with homozygous risk allele carriers. Moreover, pharmacological stimulation of sGC led to reduced migration only in vascular smooth muscle cells homozygous for the nonrisk allele. In the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, higher levels of GUCY1A3 expression correlated with less atherosclerosis in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS Rs7692387 is located in an intronic site that modulates GUCY1A3 promoter activity. The transcription factor ZEB1 binds preferentially to the nonrisk allele, leading to an increase in GUCY1A3 expression, higher sGC levels, and higher sGC activity after stimulation. Finally, human and mouse data link augmented sGC expression to lower risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kessler
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.).
| | - Jana Wobst
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Bernhard Wolf
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Juliane Eckhold
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Baiba Vilne
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Ronja Hollstein
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Simon von Ameln
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Tan An Dang
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Hendrik B Sager
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Philipp Moritz Rumpf
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- From Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.K., J.W., B.W., B.V., S.V.A., T.A.D., H.B.S., P.M.R., A.K., H.S.); Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Eckhold, R.H., F.J.K.); Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (R.A., M.C.); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.K., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (J.L.M.B.); Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann); DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J. Erdmann, F.J.K.); and Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L., M.C.).
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Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Uterine Myometrial Physiology and Preterm Birth. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:171-190. [PMID: 28527571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myometrium holds the structural integrity for the uterus and generates force for parturition with its primary component, the smooth muscle cells. The progesterone receptor mediates progesterone-dependent signaling and connects to a network of pathways for regulation of contractility and inflammatory responses in myometrium. Dysfunctional progesterone signaling has been linked to pregnancy complications including preterm birth. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on modifiers and effectors of the progesterone receptor signaling. Discussions include novel conceptual discoveries and new development in legacy pathways such as the signal transducers NF-κB, ZEB, microRNA, and the unfolded protein response pathways. We also discuss the impact of progesterone receptor isoform composition and ligand accessibility in modification of the progesterone receptor genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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PPARβ/δ, a Novel Regulator for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45234. [PMID: 28327554 PMCID: PMC5361085 DOI: 10.1038/srep45234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switch is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), whereas the molecular mechanism underlying it remains largely speculative. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) has been implicated to modulate the vascular cells proliferation and vascular homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of PPARβ/δ in VSMC phenotypic switch following SAH. Activation of PPARβ/δ by GW0742 and adenoviruses PPARβ/δ (Ad-PPARβ/δ) significantly inhibited hemoglobin-induced VSMC phenotypic switch. However, the effects of PPARβ/δ on VSMC phenotypic switch were partly obstacled in the presence of LY294002, a potent inhibitor of Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3 Kinase-AKT (PI3K/AKT). Furthermore, following study demonstrated that PPARβ/δ-induced PI3K/AKT activation can also contribute to Serum Response Factor (SRF) nucleus localization and Myocardin expression, which was highly associated with VSMC phenotypic switch. Finally, we found that Ad-PPARβ/δ positively modulated vascular remodeling in SAH rats, i.e. the diameter of basilar artery and the thickness of vessel wall. In addition, overexpression of PPARβ/δ by adenoviruses significantly improved neurological outcome. Taken together, this study identified PPARβ/δ as a useful regulator for VSMC phenotypic switch and vascular remodeling following SAH, providing novel insights into the therapeutic strategies of delayed cerebral ischemia.
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Edwards LA, Li A, Berel D, Madany M, Kim NH, Liu M, Hymowitz M, Uy B, Jung R, Xu M, Black KL, Rentsendorj A, Fan X, Zhang W, Yu JS. ZEB1 regulates glioma stemness through LIF repression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:69. [PMID: 28246407 PMCID: PMC5427900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a stem cell regulatory gene which is aberrantly expressed in glioma and associated with patient survival would increase the understanding of the role of glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) in the virulence of gliomas. Interrogating the genomes of over 4000 brain cancers we identified ZEB1 deletion in ~15% (grade II and III) and 50% of glioblastomas. Meta-analysis of ZEB1 copy number status in 2,988 cases of glioma revealed disruptive ZEB1 deletions associated with decreased survival. We identified ZEB1 binding sites within the LIF (stemness factor) promoter region, and demonstrate LIF repression by ZEB1. ZEB1 knockdown in GCSCs caused LIF induction commensurate with GCSC self-renewal and inhibition of differentiation. IFN-γ treatment to GCSCs induced ZEB1 expression, attenuating LIF activities. These findings implicate ZEB1 as a stem cell regulator in glioma which when deleted leads to increased stemness, tumorigenicity and shortened patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln A Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dror Berel
- Biostatistics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mecca Madany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mitch Hymowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Uy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minlin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuemo Fan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Gays D, Hess C, Camporeale A, Ala U, Provero P, Mosimann C, Santoro MM. An exclusive cellular and molecular network governs intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation in vertebrates. Development 2017; 144:464-478. [PMID: 28049660 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) are a crucial component of the adult gastrointestinal tract and support intestinal differentiation, peristalsis and epithelial homeostasis during development. Despite these crucial roles, the origin of iSMCs and the mechanisms responsible for their differentiation and function remain largely unknown in vertebrates. Here, we demonstrate that iSMCs arise from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) in a stepwise process. Combining pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that TGFβ/Alk5 signaling drives the LPM ventral migration and commitment to an iSMC fate. The Alk5-dependent induction of zeb1a and foxo1a is required for this morphogenetic process: zeb1a is responsible for driving LPM migration around the gut, whereas foxo1a regulates LPM predisposition to iSMC differentiation. We further show that TGFβ, zeb1a and foxo1a are tightly linked together by miR-145 In iSMC-committed cells, TGFβ induces the expression of miR-145, which in turn is able to downregulate zeb1a and foxo1a The absence of miR-145 results in only a slight reduction in the number of iSMCs, which still express mesenchymal genes but fail to contract. Together, our data uncover a cascade of molecular events that govern distinct morphogenetic steps during the emergence and differentiation of vertebrate iSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Gays
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christopher Hess
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy .,Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Targeting Chromatin Remodeling in Inflammation and Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 107:1-36. [PMID: 28215221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the human body are lined by a contiguous epithelial cell surface that forms a barrier to aerosolized pathogens. Specialized pattern recognition receptors detect the presence of viral pathogens and initiate protective host responses by triggering activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/RelA transcription factor and formation of a complex with the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb)/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)9 and Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) epigenetic reader. The RelA·BRD4·P-TEFb complex produces acute inflammation by regulating transcriptional elongation, which produces a rapid genomic response by inactive genes maintained in an open chromatin configuration engaged with hypophosphorylated RNA polymerase II. We describe recent studies that have linked prolonged activation of the RelA-BRD4 pathway with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inducing a core of EMT corepressors, stimulating secretion of growth factors promoting airway fibrosis. The mesenchymal state produces rewiring of the kinome and reprogramming of innate responses toward inflammation. In addition, the core regulator Zinc finger E-box homeodomain 1 (ZEB1) silences the expression of the interferon response factor 1 (IRF1), required for type III IFN expression. This epigenetic silencing is mediated by the Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) histone methyltransferase. Because of their potential applications in cancer and inflammation, small-molecule inhibitors of NFκB/RelA, CDK9, BRD4, and EZH2 have been the targets of medicinal chemistry efforts. We suggest that disruption of the RelA·BRD4·P-TEFb pathway and EZH2 methyltransferase has important implications for reversing fibrosis and restoring normal mucosal immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Zeb1 Is a Potential Regulator of Six2 in the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Metanephric Mesenchyme Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081283. [PMID: 27509493 PMCID: PMC5000680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron progenitor cells surround around the ureteric bud tips (UB) and inductively interact with the UB to originate nephrons, the basic units of renal function. This process is determined by the internal balance between self-renewal and consumption of the nephron progenitor cells, which is depending on the complicated regulation networks. It has been reported that Zeb1 regulates the proliferation of mesenchymal cells in mouse embryos. However, the role of Zeb1 in nephrons generation is not clear, especially in metanephric mesenchyme (MM). Here, we detected cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in MM cells by EdU assay, flow cytometry assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Meanwhile, Western and RT-PCR were used to measure the expression level of Zeb1 and Six2 in MM cells and developing kidney. Besides, the dual-luciferase assay was conducted to study the molecular relationship between Zeb1 and Six2. We found that knock-down of Zeb1 decreased cell proliferation, migration and promoted cell apoptosis in MM cells and Zeb1 overexpression leaded to the opposite data. Western-blot and RT-PCR results showed that knock-down of Zeb1 decreased the expression of Six2 in MM cells and Zeb1 overexpression contributed to the opposite results. Similarly, Zeb1 promoted Six2 promoter reporter activity in luciferase assays. However, double knock-down of Zeb1 and Six2 did not enhance the apoptosis of MM cells compared with control cells. Nevertheless, double silence of Zeb1 and Six2 repressed cell proliferation. In addition, we also found that Zeb1 and Six2 had an identical pattern in distinct developing phases of embryonic kidney. These results indicated that there may exist a complicated regulation network between Six2 and Zeb1. Together, we demonstrate Zeb1 promotes proliferation and apoptosis and inhibits the migration of MM cells, in association with Six2.
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Angelopoulos I, Southern P, Pankhurst QA, Day RM. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles regulate smooth muscle cell phenotype. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2412-9. [PMID: 27176658 PMCID: PMC5006844 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are used for an increasing range of biomedical applications, from imaging to mechanical actuation of cells and tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the loading of smooth muscle cells (SMC) with SPION and to explore what effect this has on the phenotype of the cells. Adherent human SMC were loaded with ∼17 pg of unconjugated, negatively charged, 50 nm SPION. Clusters of the internalized SPION particles were held in discrete cytoplasmic vesicles. Internalized SPION did not cause any change in cell morphology, proliferation, metabolic activity, or staining pattern of actin and calponin, two of the muscle contractile proteins involved in force generation. However, internalized SPION inhibited the increased gene expression of actin and calponin normally observed when cells are incubated under differentiation conditions. The observed change in the control of gene expression of muscle contractile apparatus by SPION has not previously been described. This finding could offer novel approaches for regulating the phenotype of SMC and warrants further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2412–2419, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelopoulos
- Applied Biomedical Engineering Group, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard M Day
- Applied Biomedical Engineering Group, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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Tu KS, Yao YM. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and related signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2131-2142. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i14.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Although numerous therapeutic strategies have been employed to treat this fatal disease, the prognosis of HCC patients remains dismal with a low 5-year survival rate of approximately 30%. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis of HCC are the leading cause of poor prognosis. Metastasis has been thought to rely on non-motile epithelial tumor cells acquiring characteristics of mesenchymal cells, which are more migratory. This change is known as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT has been considered one of the main reasons for the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Notably, increasing evidence indicates that several signaling pathways participate in the regulation of EMT in HCC. In the current review, we will discuss the current progress in research of EMT and its related signaling pathways in HCC.
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The EMT-activator ZEB1 induces bone metastasis associated genes including BMP-inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14399-412. [PMID: 25973542 PMCID: PMC4546475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion, dissemination and metastasis is triggered by an aberrant activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), often mediated by the transcription factor ZEB1. Disseminating tumor cells must acquire specific features that allow them to colonize at different organ sites. Here we identify a set of genes that is highly expressed in breast cancer bone metastasis and activated by ZEB1. This gene set includes various secreted factors, e.g. the BMP-inhibitor FST, that are described to reorganize the bone microenvironment. By inactivating BMP-signaling, BMP-inhibitors are well-known to induce osteolysis in development and disease. We here demonstrate that the expression of ZEB1 and BMP-inhibitors is correlated with bone metastasis, but not with brain or lung metastasis of breast cancer patients. In addition, we show that this correlated expression pattern is causally linked, as ZEB1 induces the expression of the BMP-inhibitors NOG, FST and CHRDL1 both by directly increasing their gene transcription, as well as by indirectly suppressing their reduction via miR-200 family members. Consequently, ZEB1 stimulates BMP-inhibitor mediated osteoclast differentiation. These findings suggest that ZEB1 is not only driving EMT, but also contributes to the formation of osteolytic bone metastases in breast cancer.
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45
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Sen A, Kumar P, Garg R, Lindsey SH, Katakam PVG, Bloodworth M, Pandey KN. Transforming growth factor β1 antagonizes the transcription, expression and vascular signaling of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor A - role of δEF1. FEBS J 2016; 283:1767-81. [PMID: 26934489 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in transcriptional regulation and function of the guanylyl cyclase A/natriuretic peptide receptor A gene (Npr1) and whether cross-talk exists between these two hormonal systems in target cells. After treatment of primary cultured rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and mouse mesangial cells with TGF-β1, the Npr1 promoter construct containing a δ-crystallin enhancer binding factor 1 (δEF1) site showed 85% reduction in luciferase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TGF-β1 also significantly attenuated luciferase activity of the Npr1 promoter by 62%, and decreased atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated relaxation of mouse denuded aortic rings ex vivo. Treatment of cells with TGF-β1 increased the protein levels of δEF1 by 2.4-2.8-fold, and also significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad 2/3, but markedly reduced Npr1 mRNA and receptor protein levels. Over-expression of δEF1 showed a reduction in Npr1 promoter activity by 75%, while deletion or site-directed mutagenesis of δEF1 sites in the Npr1 promoter eliminated the TGF-β1-mediated repression of Npr1 transcription. TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I α2 in rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, which was markedly attenuated by atrial natriuretic peptide in cells over-expressing natriuretic peptide receptor A. Together, the present results suggest that an antagonistic cascade exists between the TGF-β1/Smad/δEF1 pathways and Npr1 expression and receptor signaling that is relevant to renal and vascular remodeling, and may be critical in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Sen
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Renu Garg
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meaghan Bloodworth
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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46
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Lee JH, Choi YJ, Je EM, Kim HS, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Frameshift mutation of WISP3 gene and its regional heterogeneity in gastric and colorectal cancers. Hum Pathol 2015; 50:146-52. [PMID: 26997449 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
WISP3 is involved in many cancer-related processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell death, invasion, and metastasis and is considered a tumor suppressor. The aim of our study was to find whether WISP3 gene was mutated and expressionally altered in gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRCs). WISP3 gene possesses a mononucleotide repeat in the coding sequence that could be mutated in cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We analyzed 79 GCs and 156 CRCs, and found that GCs (8.8%) and CRCs (10.5%) with MSI-H, but not those with microsatellite stable/low MSI, harbored a frameshift mutation. We also analyzed intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of the frameshift mutation in 16 CRCs and found that the WISP3 mutation exhibited regional ITH in 25% of the CRCs. In immunohistochemistry, loss of WISP3 expression was identified in 24% of GCs and 21% of CRCs. The loss of expression was more common in those with WISP3 mutation than with wild-type WISP3 and those with MSI-H than with microsatellite stable/low MSI. Our data indicate that WISP3 harbored not only frameshift mutation but also mutational ITH and loss of expression, which together might play a role in tumorigenesis of GC and CRC with MSI-H by inhibiting tumor suppressor functions of WISP3. Our data also suggest that mutation analysis in multiregions is needed for a proper evaluation of mutation status in GC and CRC with MSI-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Je
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Ho Shik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
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Li J, Xiong J, Yang B, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Luo H, Zhou H, Liu N, Li Y, Song Z, Zheng Q. Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Induces TGF-β Signaling-Dependent Host Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Promote Transplant Arteriosclerosis. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:3095-111. [PMID: 26372910 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis is an initial event in transplant arteriosclerosis (TA), resulting in allograft function loss. To elucidate the precise mechanisms of ECs apoptosis leading to neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) accumulation during TA. We induced apoptosis in cultured ECs by overexpressing p53 through lentivirus-mediated transfection. ECs apoptosis induced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in both apoptotic and neighboring viable cells, leading to increased TGF-β1 in the culture media. Conditioned media from Ltv-p53-transfected ECs further promoted transition of cultured ECs to SM-like cells by activating TGF-β/Smad3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK signaling in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In transgenic rat aorta transplantation models, inhibition of ECs apoptosis in Bcl-xL(+/+) knock-in rat aortic allografts significantly reduced TGF-β1 production both in allograft endothelia and in blood plasma, which in turn decreased accumulation of SM22α+ cells from transgenic recipient ECs originally marked with EGFP knock-in in neointima and alleviated TA. Systemic treatment with SIS3, AP23573, or PD98059 also prevented recipient ECs-originated SM-like cells accumulation and intima hyperplasia in aortic allografts. These data suggest that allograft EC apoptosis induced recipient endothelial-mesenchymal (smooth muscle) transition via TGF-β signaling, resulting in recipient EC-derived SMC accumulation as a major mechanism of vascular remodeling during TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - H Zhou
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - N Liu
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Q Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
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48
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Shi N, Chen SY. Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation: Model Systems, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Vascular Diseases. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:777-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
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49
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Zeng L, Li Y, Yang J, Wang G, Margariti A, Xiao Q, Zampetaki A, Yin X, Mayr M, Mori K, Wang W, Hu Y, Xu Q. XBP 1-Deficiency Abrogates Neointimal Lesion of Injured Vessels Via Cross Talk With the PDGF Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2134-44. [PMID: 26315405 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation play an essential role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. In this study, we intended to investigate whether the X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was involved in these processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies on femoral artery injury models revealed that vascular injury triggered an immediate upregulation of XBP1 expression and splicing in vascular SMCs and that XBP1 deficiency in SMCs significantly abrogated neointimal formation in the injured vessels. In vitro studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-BB triggered XBP1 splicing in SMCs via the interaction between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. The spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) increased SMC migration via PI3K/Akt activation and proliferation via downregulating calponin h1 (CNN1). XBP1s directed the transcription of mir-1274B that targeted CNN1 mRNA degradation. Proteomic analysis of culture media revealed that XBP1s decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins secretion via transcriptional suppression. TGF-β3 but not TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 attenuated XBP1s-induced CNN1 decrease and SMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that XBP1 is crucial for SMC proliferation via modulating the platelet-derived growth factor/TGF-β pathways, leading to neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zeng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
| | - Yi Li
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Juanyao Yang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Andriana Margariti
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Wen Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
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Dhillon AS, Tulchinsky E. FRA-1 as a driver of tumour heterogeneity: a nexus between oncogenes and embryonic signalling pathways in cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:4421-8. [PMID: 25381818 PMCID: PMC4351906 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity is a major factor undermining the success of therapies targeting metastatic cancer. Two major theories are thought to explain the phenomenon of heterogeneity in cancer--clonal evolution and cell plasticity. In this review, we examine a growing body of work implicating the transcription factor FOS-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) as a central node in tumour cell plasticity networks, and discuss mechanisms regulating its activity in cancer cells. We also discuss evidence from the FRA-1 perspective supporting the notion that clonal selection and cell plasticity represent two sides of the same coin. We propose that FRA-1-overexpressing clones featuring high plasticity undergo positive selection during consecutive stages of multistep tumour progression. This model underscores a potential mechanism through which tumour cells retaining elevated levels of plasticity acquire a selective advantage over other clonal populations within a tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Dhillon
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - E Tulchinsky
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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