1
|
Shen J, Su X, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhong C, Huang Y, Duan S. RhoJ: an emerging biomarker and target in cancer research and treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00792-6. [PMID: 38858534 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
RhoJ is a Rho GTPase that belongs to the Cdc42 subfamily and has a molecular weight of approximately 21 kDa. It can activate the p21-activated kinase family either directly or indirectly, influencing the activity of various downstream effectors and playing a role in regulating the cytoskeleton, cell movement, and cell cycle. RhoJ's expression and activity are controlled by multiple upstream factors at different levels, including expression, subcellular localization, and activation. High RhoJ expression is generally associated with a poor prognosis for cancer patients and is mainly due to an increased number of tumor blood vessels and abnormal expression in malignant cells. RhoJ promotes tumor progression through several pathways, particularly in tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance. Clinical data also indicates that high RhoJ expression is closely linked to the pathological features of tumor malignancy. There are various cancer treatment methods that target RhoJ signaling, such as direct binding to inhibit the RhoJ effector pocket, inhibiting RhoJ expression, blocking RhoJ upstream and downstream signals, and indirectly inhibiting RhoJ's effect. RhoJ is an emerging cancer biomarker and a significant target for future cancer clinical research and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinming Su
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shana Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez C, Ramirez A, Hodgson L. Unravelling molecular dynamics in living cells: Fluorescent protein biosensors for cell biology. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38357769 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded, fluorescent protein (FP)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors are microscopy imaging tools tailored for the precise monitoring and detection of molecular dynamics within subcellular microenvironments. They are characterised by their ability to provide an outstanding combination of spatial and temporal resolutions in live-cell microscopy. In this review, we begin by tracing back on the historical development of genetically encoded FP labelling for detection in live cells, which lead us to the development of early biosensors and finally to the engineering of single-chain FRET-based biosensors that have become the state-of-the-art today. Ultimately, this review delves into the fundamental principles of FRET and the design strategies underpinning FRET-based biosensors, discusses their diverse applications and addresses the distinct challenges associated with their implementation. We place particular emphasis on single-chain FRET biosensors for the Rho family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases), pointing to their historical role in driving our understanding of the molecular dynamics of this important class of signalling proteins and revealing the intricate relationships and regulatory mechanisms that comprise Rho GTPase biology in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colline Sanchez
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bock F, Dong X, Li S, Viquez OM, Sha E, Tantengco M, Hennen EM, Plosa E, Ramezani A, Brown KL, Whang YM, Terker AS, Arroyo JP, Harrison DG, Fogo A, Brakebusch CH, Pozzi A, Zent R. Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct repair by mechanically coupling cell morphology to mitotic entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7840. [PMID: 38324689 PMCID: PMC10849615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged obstruction of the ureter, which leads to injury of the kidney collecting ducts, results in permanent structural damage, while early reversal allows for repair. Cell structure is defined by the actin cytoskeleton, which is dynamically organized by small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). In this study, we identified the Rho GTPase, Rac1, as a driver of postobstructive kidney collecting duct repair. After the relief of ureteric obstruction, Rac1 promoted actin cytoskeletal reconstitution, which was required to maintain normal mitotic morphology allowing for successful cell division. Mechanistically, Rac1 restricted excessive actomyosin activity that stabilized the negative mitotic entry kinase Wee1. This mechanism ensured mechanical G2-M checkpoint stability and prevented premature mitotic entry. The repair defects following injury could be rescued by direct myosin inhibition. Thus, Rac1-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton integrates with the cell cycle to mediate kidney tubular repair by preventing dysmorphic cells from entering cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shensen Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Sha
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Tantengco
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hennen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alireza Ramezani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kyle L. Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
GEF-H1 Transduces FcεRI Signaling in Mast Cells to Activate RhoA and Focal Adhesion Formation during Exocytosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040537. [PMID: 36831204 PMCID: PMC9954420 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When antigen-stimulated, mast cells release preformed inflammatory mediators stored in cytoplasmic granules. This occurs via a robust exocytosis mechanism termed degranulation. Our previous studies revealed that RhoA and Rac1 are activated during mast cell antigen stimulation and are required for mediator release. Here, we show that the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, acts as a signal transducer of antigen stimulation to activate RhoA and promote mast cell spreading via focal adhesion (FA) formation. Cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis were all reduced in antigen-stimulated mast cells when GEF-H1 was depleted by RNA interference. GEF-H1-depleted cells also showed a significant reduction in RhoA activation, resulting in reduced stress fiber formation without altering lamellipodia formation. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active RhoA mutant restored normal morphology in GEF-H1-depleted cells. FA formation during antigen stimulation required GEF-H1, suggesting it is a downstream target of the GEF-H1-RhoA signaling axis. GEF-H1 was activated by phosphorylation in conjunction with antigen stimulation. Syk kinase is linked to the FcεRI signaling pathway and the Syk inhibitor, GS-9973, blocked GEF-H1 activation and also suppressed cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis. We concluded that during FcεRI receptor stimulation, GEF-H1 transmits signals to RhoA activation and FA formation to facilitate the exocytosis mechanism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang X, Isogai T, Chi J, Danuser G. Fine-grained, nonlinear registration of live cell movies reveals spatiotemporal organization of diffuse molecular processes. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009667. [PMID: 36584219 PMCID: PMC9870159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an application of nonlinear image registration to align in microscopy time lapse sequences for every frame the cell outline and interior with the outline and interior of the same cell in a reference frame. The registration relies on a subcellular fiducial marker, a cell motion mask, and a topological regularization that enforces diffeomorphism on the registration without significant loss of granularity. This allows spatiotemporal analysis of extremely noisy and diffuse molecular processes across the entire cell. We validate the registration method for different fiducial markers by measuring the intensity differences between predicted and original time lapse sequences of Actin cytoskeleton images and by uncovering zones of spatially organized GEF- and GTPase signaling dynamics visualized by FRET-based activity biosensors in MDA-MB-231 cells. We then demonstrate applications of the registration method in conjunction with stochastic time-series analysis. We describe distinct zones of locally coherent dynamics of the cytoplasmic protein Profilin in U2OS cells. Further analysis of the Profilin dynamics revealed strong relationships with Actin cytoskeleton reorganization during cell symmetry-breaking and polarization. This study thus provides a framework for extracting information to explore functional interactions between cell morphodynamics, protein distributions, and signaling in cells undergoing continuous shape changes. Matlab code implementing the proposed registration method is available at https://github.com/DanuserLab/Mask-Regularized-Diffeomorphic-Cell-Registration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Jiang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chetty AK, Ha BH, Boggon TJ. Rho family GTPase signaling through type II p21-activated kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:598. [PMID: 36401658 PMCID: PMC10105373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the Rho family small GTPases controls a wide range of signaling outcomes. Key among the downstream effectors for many of the Rho GTPases are the p21-activated kinases, or PAK group. The PAK family comprises two types, the type I PAKs (PAK1, 2 and 3) and the type II PAKs (PAK4, 5 and 6), which have distinct structures and mechanisms of regulation. In this review, we discuss signal transduction from Rho GTPases with a focus on the type II PAKs. We discuss the role of PAKs in signal transduction pathways and selectivity of Rho GTPases for PAK family members. We consider the less well studied of the Rho GTPases and their PAK-related signaling. We then discuss the molecular basis for kinase domain recognition of substrates and for regulation of signaling. We conclude with a discussion of the role of PAKs in cross talk between Rho family small GTPases and the roles of PAKs in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Chetty
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chumki SA, van den Goor LM, Hall BN, Miller AL. p115RhoGEF activates RhoA to support tight junction maintenance and remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar136. [PMID: 36200892 PMCID: PMC9727809 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, epithelial cell-cell junctions must rapidly remodel to maintain barrier function as cells undergo dynamic shape-change events. Consequently, localized leaks sometimes arise within the tight junction (TJ) barrier, which are repaired by short-lived activations of RhoA, called "Rho flares." However, how RhoA is activated at leak sites remains unknown. Here we asked which guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) localizes to TJs to initiate Rho activity at Rho flares. We find that p115RhoGEF locally activates Rho flares at sites of TJ loss. Knockdown of p115RhoGEF leads to diminished Rho flare intensity and impaired TJ remodeling. p115RhoGEF knockdown also decreases junctional active RhoA levels, thus compromising the apical actomyosin array and junctional complex. Furthermore, p115RhoGEF is necessary to promote local leak repair to maintain TJ barrier function. In all, our work demonstrates a central role for p115RhoGEF in activating junctional RhoA to preserve barrier function and direct local TJ remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana A. Chumki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lotte M. van den Goor
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Benjamin N. Hall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ann L. Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,*Address correspondence to: Ann L. Miller ()
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prifti DK, Lauzier A, Elowe S. A commercial ARHGEF17/TEM4 antibody cross-reacts with Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus protein 1 (NuMA). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268848. [PMID: 35776709 PMCID: PMC9249204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ARHGEF17 (also known as TEM4) is a large protein with only 3 annotated regions: an N-terminal actin-binding domain, a Rho-specific dbl homology (DH)- pleckstrin homology (PH) type GEF domain and a seven bladed β propeller fold at the C-terminus with unknown function. TEM4 has been implicated in numerous activities that rely on regulation of the cytoskeleton including cell migration, cell-cell junction formation and the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. Here we have assessed the specificity of a TEM4 polyclonal antibody that has been commonly used as a Western blotting and immunocytochemistry probe for TEM4 in mammalian cells. We find that this antibody, in addition to its intended target, cross-reacts with the Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein 1 (NuMA) in Western blotting and immunoprecipitation, and detects NuMA preferentially in immunocytochemistry. This cross-reactivity, with an abundant chromatin- and mitotic spindle-associated factor, is likely to affect the interpretation of experiments that make use of this antibody probe, in particular by immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogjena Katerina Prifti
- Programme en Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de Réproduction, Santé de la Mère et de l’enfant, Québec, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO-Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Lauzier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de Réproduction, Santé de la Mère et de l’enfant, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de Réproduction, Santé de la Mère et de l’enfant, Québec, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO-Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leguay K, Decelle B, Elkholi IE, Bouvier M, Côté JF, Carréno S. Interphase microtubule disassembly is a signaling cue that drives cell rounding at mitotic entry. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213183. [PMID: 35482006 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At mitotic entry, reorganization of the actomyosin cortex prompts cells to round-up. Proteins of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family (ERM) play essential roles in this process by linking actomyosin forces to the plasma membrane. Yet, the cell-cycle signal that activates ERMs at mitotic entry is unknown. By screening a compound library using newly developed biosensors, we discovered that drugs that disassemble microtubules promote ERM activation. We further demonstrated that disassembly of interphase microtubules at mitotic entry directs ERM activation and metaphase cell rounding through GEF-H1, a Rho-GEF inhibited by microtubule binding, RhoA, and its kinase effector SLK. We finally demonstrated that GEF-H1 and Ect2, another Rho-GEF previously identified to control actomyosin forces, act together to drive activation of ERMs and cell rounding in metaphase. In summary, we report microtubule disassembly as a cell-cycle signal that controls a signaling network ensuring that actomyosin forces are efficiently integrated at the plasma membrane to promote cell rounding at mitotic entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Leguay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Islam E Elkholi
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,institution>Molecular Pharmacology Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Therapeutic Validation of GEF-H1 Using a De Novo Designed Inhibitor in Models of Retinal Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111733. [PMID: 35681428 PMCID: PMC9179336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis are important components of diseases that contribute to the malfunction of epithelia and endothelia. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GEF-H1/ARHGEF-2 is induced in disease and stimulates inflammatory and fibrotic processes, cell migration, and metastasis. Here, we have generated peptide inhibitors to block the function of GEF-H1. Inhibitors were designed using a structural in silico approach or by isolating an inhibitory sequence from the autoregulatory C-terminal domain. Candidate inhibitors were tested for their ability to block RhoA/GEF-H1 binding in vitro, and their potency and specificity in cell-based assays. Successful inhibitors were then evaluated in models of TGFβ-induced fibrosis, LPS-stimulated endothelial cell-cell junction disruption, and cell migration. Finally, the most potent inhibitor was successfully tested in an experimental retinal disease mouse model, in which it inhibited blood vessel leakage and ameliorated retinal inflammation when treatment was initiated after disease diagnosis. Thus, an antagonist that blocks GEF-H1 signaling effectively inhibits disease features in in vitro and in vivo disease models, demonstrating that GEF-H1 is an effective therapeutic target and establishing a new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
11
|
Koh SP, Pham NP, Piekny A. Seeing is believing: tools to study the role of Rho GTPases during cytokinesis. Small GTPases 2022; 13:211-224. [PMID: 34405757 PMCID: PMC9707540 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1957384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is required to cleave the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and relies on the spatiotemporal control of RhoA GTPase. Cytokinesis failure can lead to changes in cell fate or aneuploidy, which can be detrimental during development and/or can lead to cancer. However, our knowledge of the pathways that regulate RhoA during cytokinesis is limited, and the role of other Rho family GTPases is not clear. This is largely because the study of Rho GTPases presents unique challenges using traditional cell biological and biochemical methods, and they have pleiotropic functions making genetic studies difficult to interpret. The recent generation of optogenetic tools and biosensors that control and detect active Rho has overcome some of these challenges and is helping to elucidate the role of RhoA in cytokinesis. However, improvements are needed to reveal the role of other Rho GTPases in cytokinesis, and to identify the molecular mechanisms that control Rho activity. This review examines some of the outstanding questions in cytokinesis, and explores tools for the imaging and control of Rho GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Pin Koh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nhat Phi Pham
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada,CONTACT Alisa Piekny Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sugioka K. Symmetry-breaking of animal cytokinesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:100-109. [PMID: 34955355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is a mechanism that separates dividing cells via constriction of a supramolecular structure, the contractile ring. In animal cells, three modes of symmetry-breaking of cytokinesis result in unilateral cytokinesis, asymmetric cell division, and oriented cell division. Each mode of cytokinesis plays a significant role in tissue patterning and morphogenesis by the mechanisms that control the orientation and position of the contractile ring relative to the body axis. Despite its significance, the mechanisms involved in the symmetry-breaking of cytokinesis remain unclear in many cell types. Classical embryologists have identified that the geometric relationship between the mitotic spindle and cell cortex induces cytokinesis asymmetry; however, emerging evidence suggests that a concerted flow of compressional cell-cortex materials (cortical flow) is a spindle-independent driving force in spatial cytokinesis control. This review provides an overview of both classical and emerging mechanisms of cytokinesis asymmetry and their roles in animal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugioka
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada; Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu JE, Kim S, Hwang J, Hong JT, Hwang J, Soung N, Cha‐Molstad H, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Lee KH. Phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by polo-like kinase 1 drives the completion of cytokinesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51503. [PMID: 34585824 PMCID: PMC8647012 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein and participates in numerous processes required for embryonic development, cell proliferation, and homeostasis through various molecular interactions and signaling pathways. To date, however, there is no direct evidence that β-catenin contributes to cytokinesis. Here, we identify a novel p-S60 epitope on β-catenin generated by Plk1 kinase activity, which can be found at the actomyosin contractile ring of early telophase cells and at the midbody of late telophase cells. Depletion of β-catenin leads to cytokinesis-defective phenotypes, which eventually result in apoptotic cell death. In addition, phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 is essential for the recruitment of Ect2 to the midbody, activation of RhoA, and interaction between β-catenin, Plk1, and Ect2. Time-lapse image analysis confirmed the importance of β-catenin phospho-Ser60 in furrow ingression and the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, we propose that phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 in cooperation with Ect2 is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. These findings may provide fundamental knowledge for the research of cytokinesis failure-derived human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Sun‐Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Jeong‐Ah Hwang
- Department of PhysiologyResearch Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Nak‐Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha‐Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Biomolecular ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chalimeswamy A, Thanuja MY, Ranganath SH, Pandya K, Kompella UB, Srinivas SP. Oxidative Stress Induces a Breakdown of the Cytoskeleton and Tight Junctions of the Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:74-84. [PMID: 34818079 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of oxidative stress, which is a hallmark of Fuchs dystrophy, on the barrier function of the corneal endothelial cells. Methods: Experiments were carried out with cultured bovine and porcine corneal endothelial cells. For oxidative stress, cells were supplemented with riboflavin (Rf) and exposed to UV-A (15-30 min) to induce Type-1 photochemical reactions that release H2O2. The effect of the stress on the barrier function was assayed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement. In addition, the associated changes in the organization of the microtubules, perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR), and ZO-1 were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, which was also repeated after direct exposure to H2O2 (100 μM, 1 h). Results: Exposure to H2O2 led to the disassembly of microtubules and the destruction of PAMR. In parallel, the contiguous locus of ZO-1 was disrupted, marking a loss of barrier integrity. Accordingly, a sustained loss in TER was induced when cells in the Rf-supplemented medium were exposed to UV-A. However, the addition of catalase (7,000 U/mL) to rapidly decompose H2O2 limited the loss in TER. Furthermore, the adverse effects on microtubules, PAMR, and ZO-1 were suppressed by including catalase, ascorbic acid (1 mM; 30 min), or pretreatment with p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB-203580; 10 μM, 1 h). Conclusions: Acute oxidative stress induces microtubule disassembly by a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism, leading to the destruction of PAMR and loss of barrier function. The response to oxidative stress is reminiscent of the (TNF-α)-induced breakdown of barrier failure in the corneal endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chalimeswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India.,Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | | | - Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Kaveet Pandya
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gibieža P, Petrikaitė V. The regulation of actin dynamics during cell division and malignancy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4050-4069. [PMID: 34659876 PMCID: PMC8493394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is the most abundant protein in almost all the eukaryotic cells. Actin amino acid sequences are highly conserved and have not changed a lot during the progress of evolution, varying by no more than 20% in the completely different species, such as humans and algae. The network of actin filaments plays a crucial role in regulating cells' cytoskeleton that needs to undergo dynamic tuning and structural changes in order for various functional processes, such as cell motility, migration, adhesion, polarity establishment, cell growth and cell division, to take place in live cells. Owing to its fundamental role in the cell, actin is a prominent regulator of cell division, a process, whose success directly depends on morphological changes of actin cytoskeleton and correct segregation of duplicated chromosomes. Disorganization of actin framework during the last stage of cell division, known as cytokinesis, can lead to multinucleation and formation of polyploidy in post-mitotic cells, eventually developing into cancer. In this review, we will cover the principles of actin regulation during cell division and discuss how the control of actin dynamics is altered during the state of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Gibieža
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou P, Qi Y, Fang X, Yang M, Zheng S, Liao C, Qin F, Liu L, Li H, Li Y, Ravindran E, Sun C, Wei X, Wang W, Fang L, Han D, Peng C, Chen W, Li N, Kaindl AM, Hu H. Arhgef2 regulates neural differentiation in the cerebral cortex through mRNA m 6A-methylation of Npdc1 and Cend1. iScience 2021; 24:102645. [PMID: 34142067 PMCID: PMC8185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is emerging as a vital factor regulating neural differentiation. Here, we report that deficiency of Arhgef2, a novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder we identified recently, impairs neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic formation by regulating m6A methylation. Arhgef2 knockout decreases expression of Mettl14 and total m6A level significantly in the cerebral cortex. m6A sequencing reveals that loss of Arhgef2 reduces m6A methylation of 1,622 mRNAs, including Npdc1 and Cend1, which are both strongly associated with cell cycle exit and terminal neural differentiation. Arhgef2 deficiency decreases m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs via down-regulation of Mettl14, and thereby inhibits the translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 mRNAs. Overexpression of Mettl14, Npdc1, and Cend1 rescue the abnormal phenotypes in Arhgef2 knockout mice, respectively. Our study provides a critical insight into a mechanism by which defective Arhgef2 mediates m6A-tagged target mRNAs to impair neural differentiation. Arhgef2 mediates total m6A level via Mettl14 Arhgef2 affects m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs Decreased m6A methylations inhibits translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 Reduced protein expression of Npdc1 and Cend1 hinders neural differentiation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Liao
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Qin
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinshu Wei
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200029 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nourreddine S, Lavoie G, Paradis J, Ben El Kadhi K, Méant A, Aubert L, Grondin B, Gendron P, Chabot B, Bouvier M, Carreno S, Roux PP. NF45 and NF90 Regulate Mitotic Gene Expression by Competing with Staufen-Mediated mRNA Decay. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107660. [PMID: 32433969 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cells, the expression of ∼1,000 genes is modulated throughout the cell cycle. Although some of these genes are controlled by specific transcriptional programs, very little is known about their post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we analyze the expression signature associated with all 687 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and identify 39 that significantly correlate with cell cycle mRNAs. We find that NF45 and NF90 play essential roles in mitosis, and transcriptome analysis reveals that they are necessary for the expression of a subset of mitotic mRNAs. Using proteomics, we identify protein clusters associated with the NF45-NF90 complex, including components of Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). We show that depletion of SMD components increases the binding of mitotic mRNAs to the NF45-NF90 complex and rescues cells from mitotic defects. Together, our results indicate that the NF45-NF90 complex plays essential roles in mitosis by competing with the SMD machinery for a common set of mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Nourreddine
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Justine Paradis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Antoine Méant
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Léo Aubert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benoit Grondin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carreno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Engineering T cells to enhance 3D migration through structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2815. [PMID: 33990566 PMCID: PMC8121808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the principles of T cell migration in structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments is critical to understanding escape from antitumor immunity and optimizing T cell-related therapeutic strategies. Here, we engineered nanotextured elastic platforms to study and enhance T cell migration through complex microenvironments and define how the balance between contractility localization-dependent T cell phenotypes influences migration in response to tumor-mimetic structural and mechanical cues. Using these platforms, we characterize a mechanical optimum for migration that can be perturbed by manipulating an axis between microtubule stability and force generation. In 3D environments and live tumors, we demonstrate that microtubule instability, leading to increased Rho pathway-dependent cortical contractility, promotes migration whereas clinically used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapies profoundly decrease effective migration. We show that rational manipulation of the microtubule-contractility axis, either pharmacologically or through genome engineering, results in engineered T cells that more effectively move through and interrogate 3D matrix and tumor volumes. Thus, engineering cells to better navigate through 3D microenvironments could be part of an effective strategy to enhance efficacy of immune therapeutics. The mechanics of the migration of T cells into tumours is an important aspect of tumour immunity. Here the authors engineer complex 3D environments to explore functions of microtubules and cell contractility as strategies to enhance T cell migration in tumour microenvironments.
Collapse
|
19
|
Reed F, Larsuel ST, Mayday MY, Scanlon V, Krause DS. MRTFA: A critical protein in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and beyond. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100543. [PMID: 33722605 PMCID: PMC8079280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) is a coactivator of serum response factor, a transcription factor that participates in several critical cellular functions including cell growth and apoptosis. MRTFA couples transcriptional regulation to actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and the transcriptional targets of the MRTFA–serum response factor complex include genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins as well as immediate early genes. Previous work has shown that MRTFA promotes the differentiation of many cell types, including various types of muscle cells and hematopoietic cells, and MRTFA's interactions with other protein partners broaden its cellular roles. However, despite being first identified as part of the recurrent t(1;22) chromosomal translocation in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, the mechanisms by which MRTFA functions in malignant hematopoiesis have yet to be defined. In this review, we provide an in-depth examination of the structure, regulation, and known functions of MRTFA with a focus on hematopoiesis. We conclude by identifying areas of study that merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Reed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon T Larsuel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Madeline Y Mayday
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kunimura K, Miki S, Takashima M, Suzuki JI. S-1-propenylcysteine improves TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction by suppressing the GEF-H1/RhoA/Rac pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33588881 PMCID: PMC7883441 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial barrier function is maintained by cell-to-cell junctional proteins and contributes to vascular homeostasis. Various risk factors such as inflammation disrupt barrier function through down-regulation of these proteins and promote vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that aged garlic extract (AGE) and its sulfur-containing constituents exert the protective effects against several vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined whether AGE and its sulfur-containing constituents improve the endothelial barrier dysfunction elicited by a pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and explored their mode of action on TNF-α signaling pathway. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with test substances in the presence of TNF-α for various time periods. The endothelial permeability was measured by using a transwell permeability assay. The localization of cell-to-cell junctional proteins and actin cytoskeletons were visualized by immunostaining. RhoA and Rac activities were assessed by using GTP-binding protein pulldown assay. Gene and protein expression levels of signaling molecules were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results We found that AGE and its major sulfur-containing constituent, S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), reduced hyperpermeability elicited by TNF-α in HUVECs. In addition, S1PC inhibited TNF-α-induced production of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and inactivation of MLC phosphatase through the suppression of the Rac and RhoA signaling pathways, respectively, which resulted in the dephosphorylation of MLC2, a key factor of actin remodeling. Moreover, S1PC inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1), a common upstream key molecule and activator of Rac and RhoA. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by its ability to prevent the disruption of junctional proteins on the cell–cell contact regions and the increase of actin stress fibers induced by TNF-α. Conclusions The present study suggested that AGE and its major constituent, S1PC, improve endothelial barrier disruption through the protection of junctional proteins on plasma membrane.![]() Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan
| | - Satomi Miki
- Central Research Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takashima
- Central Research Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comer S, Nagy Z, Bolado A, von Kriegsheim A, Gambaryan S, Walter U, Pagel O, Zahedi RP, Jurk K, Smolenski A. The RhoA regulators Myo9b and GEF-H1 are targets of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases in platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3002-3012. [PMID: 32692911 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating platelets are maintained in an inactive state by the endothelial lining of the vasculature. Endothelium-derived prostacyclin and nitric oxide stimulate cAMP- and cGMP-dependent kinases, PKA and PKG, to inhibit platelets. PKA and PKG effects include the inhibition of the GTPase RhoA, which has been suggested to involve the direct phosphorylation of RhoA on serine 188. OBJECTIVES We wanted to confirm RhoA S188 phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases and to identify possible alternative mechanisms of RhoA regulation in platelets. METHODS Phosphoproteomics data of human platelets were used to identify candidate PKA and PKG substrates. Phosphorylation of individual proteins was studied by Western blotting and Phos-tag gel electrophoresis in human platelets and transfected HEK293T cells. Pull-down assays were performed to analyze protein interaction and function. RESULTS Our data indicate that RhoA is not phosphorylated by PKA in platelets. Instead, we provide evidence that cyclic nucleotide effects are mediated through the phosphorylation of the RhoA-specific GTPase-activating protein Myo9b and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. We identify Myo9b S1354 and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) S886 as PKA and PKG phosphorylation sites. Myo9b S1354 phosphorylation enhances its GTPase activating protein function leading to reduced RhoA-GTP levels. GEF-H1 S886 phosphorylation stimulates binding of 14-3-3β and has been shown to inhibit GEF function by facilitating binding of GEF-H1 to microtubules. Microtubule disruption increases RhoA-GTP levels confirming the importance of GEF-H1 in platelets. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation of RhoA regulatory proteins Myo9b and GEF-H1, but not RhoA itself, is involved in cyclic nucleotide-mediated control of RhoA in human platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Comer
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Bolado
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Pagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joo E, Olson MF. Regulation and functions of the RhoA regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Small GTPases 2020; 12:358-371. [PMID: 33126816 PMCID: PMC8583009 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1840889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery by Madaule and Axel in 1985 of the first Ras homologue (Rho) protein in Aplysia and its human orthologue RhoB, membership in the Rho GTPase family has grown to 20 proteins, with representatives in all eukaryotic species. These GTPases are molecular switches that cycle between active (GTP bound) and inactivate (GDP bound) states. The exchange of GDP for GTP on Rho GTPases is facilitated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs). Approximately 80 Rho GEFs have been identified to date, and only a few GEFs associate with microtubules. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, GEF-H1, is a unique GEF that associates with microtubules and is regulated by the polymerization state of microtubule networks. This review summarizes the regulation and functions of GEF-H1 and discusses the roles of GEF-H1 in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bautista L, Knippler CM, Ringel MD. p21-Activated Kinases in Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa105. [PMID: 32609833 PMCID: PMC7417880 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are oncogenic proteins that regulate critical cellular functions. PAKs play central signaling roles in the integrin/CDC42/Rho, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, functioning both as kinases and scaffolds to regulate cell motility, mitosis and proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and other cellular activities. PAKs have been implicated in both the development and progression of a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer, pancreatic melanoma, thyroid cancer, and others. Here we will discuss the current knowledge on the structure and biological functions of both group I and group II PAKs, as well as the roles that PAKs play in oncogenesis and progression, with a focus on thyroid cancer and emerging data regarding BRAF/PAK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bautista
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina M Knippler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kinase-Independent Functions of MASTL in Cancer: A New Perspective on MASTL Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071624. [PMID: 32640605 PMCID: PMC7407770 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL; Greatwall) is a well-characterized kinase, whose catalytic role has been extensively studied in relation to cell-cycle acceleration. Importantly, MASTL has been implicated to play a substantial role in cancer progression and subsequent studies have shown that MASTL is a significant regulator of the cellular actomyosin cytoskeleton. Several kinases have non-catalytic properties, which are essential or even sufficient for their functions. Likewise, MASTL functions have been attributed both to kinase-dependent phosphorylation of downstream substrates, but also to kinase-independent regulation of the actomyosin contractile machinery. In this review, we aimed to highlight the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of MASTL in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further, we discussed the implications of this dual role for therapeutic design.
Collapse
|
25
|
Garg R, Koo CY, Infante E, Giacomini C, Ridley AJ, Morris JDH. Rnd3 interacts with TAO kinases and contributes to mitotic cell rounding and spindle positioning. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235895. [PMID: 32041905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rnd3 is an atypical Rho family protein that is constitutively GTP bound, and acts on membranes to induce loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding. Phosphorylation of Rnd3 promotes 14-3-3 binding and its relocation to the cytosol. Here, we show that Rnd3 binds to the thousand-and-one amino acid kinases TAOK1 and TAOK2 in vitro and in cells. TAOK1 and TAOK2 can phosphorylate serine residues 210, 218 and 240 near the C-terminus of Rnd3, and induce Rnd3 translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. TAOKs are activated catalytically during mitosis and Rnd3 phosphorylation on serine 210 increases in dividing cells. Rnd3 depletion by RNAi inhibits mitotic cell rounding and spindle centralization, and delays breakdown of the intercellular bridge between two daughter cells. Our results show that TAOKs bind, phosphorylate and relocate Rnd3 to the cytosol and that Rnd3 contributes to mitotic cell rounding, spindle positioning and cytokinesis. Rnd3 can therefore participate in the regulation of early and late mitosis and may also act downstream of TAOKs to affect the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Garg
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Chuay-Yeng Koo
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elvira Infante
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jonathan D H Morris
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dan Q, Shi Y, Rabani R, Venugopal S, Xiao J, Anwer S, Ding M, Speight P, Pan W, Alexander RT, Kapus A, Szászi K. Claudin-2 suppresses GEF-H1, RHOA, and MRTF, thereby impacting proliferation and profibrotic phenotype of tubular cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15446-15465. [PMID: 31481470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junctional pore-forming protein claudin-2 (CLDN-2) mediates paracellular Na+ and water transport in leaky epithelia and alters cancer cell proliferation. Previously, we reported that tumor necrosis factor-α time-dependently alters CLDN-2 expression in tubular epithelial cells. Here, we found a similar expression pattern in a mouse kidney injury model (unilateral ureteral obstruction), consisting of an initial increase followed by a drop in CLDN-2 protein expression. CLDN-2 silencing in LLC-PK1 tubular cells induced activation and phosphorylation of guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), leading to Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) activation. Silencing of other claudins had no such effects, and re-expression of an siRNA-resistant CLDN-2 prevented RHOA activation, indicating specific effects of CLDN-2 on RHOA. Moreover, kidneys from CLDN-2 knockout mice had elevated levels of active RHOA. Of note, CLDN-2 silencing reduced LLC-PK1 cell proliferation and elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27 (P27KIP1) in a GEF-H1/RHOA-dependent manner. P27KIP1 silencing abrogated the effects of CLDN-2 depletion on proliferation. CLDN-2 loss also activated myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a fibrogenic RHOA effector, and elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor and smooth muscle actin. Finally, CLDN-2 down-regulation contributed to RHOA activation and smooth muscle actin expression induced by prolonged tumor necrosis factor-α treatment, because they were mitigated by re-expression of CLDN-2. Our results indicate that CLDN-2 suppresses GEF-H1/RHOA. CLDN-2 down-regulation, for example, by inflammation, can reduce proliferation and promote MRTF activation through RHOA. These findings suggest that the initial CLDN-2 elevation might aid epithelial regeneration, and CLDN-2 loss could contribute to fibrotic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Razieh Rabani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Jenny Xiao
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Shaista Anwer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Mei Ding
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Pam Speight
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Wanling Pan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jones MC, Zha J, Humphries MJ. Connections between the cell cycle, cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180227. [PMID: 31431178 PMCID: PMC6627016 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, the purpose of which is to enable cell replication, and in particular to distribute complete, accurate copies of genetic material to daughter cells, is essential for the propagation of life. At a morphological level, division not only necessitates duplication of cellular structures, but it also relies on polar segregation of this material followed by physical scission of the parent cell. For these fundamental changes in cell shape and positioning to be achieved, mechanisms are required to link the cell cycle to the modulation of cytoarchitecture. Outside of mitosis, the three main cytoskeletal networks not only endow cells with a physical cytoplasmic skeleton, but they also provide a mechanism for spatio-temporal sensing via integrin-associated adhesion complexes and site-directed delivery of cargoes. During mitosis, some interphase functions are retained, but the architecture of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically, and there is a need to generate a mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation. An economical solution is to re-use existing cytoskeletal molecules: transcellular actin stress fibres remodel to create a rigid cortex and a cytokinetic furrow, while unipolar radial microtubules become the primary components of the bipolar spindle. This remodelling implies the existence of specific mechanisms that link the cell-cycle machinery to the control of adhesion and the cytoskeleton. In this article, we review the intimate three-way connection between microenvironmental sensing, adhesion signalling and cell proliferation, particularly in the contexts of normal growth control and aberrant tumour progression. As the morphological changes that occur during mitosis are ancient, the mechanisms linking the cell cycle to the cytoskeleton/adhesion signalling network are likely to be primordial in nature and we discuss recent advances that have elucidated elements of this link. A particular focus is the connection between CDK1 and cell adhesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Silver JT, Wirtz-Peitz F, Simões S, Pellikka M, Yan D, Binari R, Nishimura T, Li Y, Harris TJC, Perrimon N, Tepass U. Apical polarity proteins recruit the RhoGEF Cysts to promote junctional myosin assembly. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3397-3414. [PMID: 31409654 PMCID: PMC6781438 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver et al. show that the RhoGEF Cysts links apical polarity proteins to Rho1 and myosin activation at adherens junctions to support junctional and epithelial integrity in the Drosophila ectoderm. The spatio-temporal regulation of small Rho GTPases is crucial for the dynamic stability of epithelial tissues. However, how RhoGTPase activity is controlled during development remains largely unknown. To explore the regulation of Rho GTPases in vivo, we analyzed the Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) Cysts, the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian p114RhoGEF, GEF-H1, p190RhoGEF, and AKAP-13. Loss of Cysts causes a phenotype that closely resembles the mutant phenotype of the apical polarity regulator Crumbs. This phenotype can be suppressed by the loss of basolateral polarity proteins, suggesting that Cysts is an integral component of the apical polarity protein network. We demonstrate that Cysts is recruited to the apico-lateral membrane through interactions with the Crumbs complex and Bazooka/Par3. Cysts activates Rho1 at adherens junctions and stabilizes junctional myosin. Junctional myosin depletion is similar in Cysts- and Crumbs-compromised embryos. Together, our findings indicate that Cysts is a downstream effector of the Crumbs complex and links apical polarity proteins to Rho1 and myosin activation at adherens junctions, supporting junctional integrity and epithelial polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Silver
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sérgio Simões
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milena Pellikka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony J C Harris
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Keller M, Dubois F, Teulier S, Martin APJ, Levallet J, Maille E, Brosseau S, Elie N, Hergovich A, Bergot E, Camonis J, Zalcman G, Levallet G. NDR2 kinase contributes to cell invasion and cytokinesis defects induced by the inactivation of RASSF1A tumor-suppressor gene in lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:158. [PMID: 30979377 PMCID: PMC6461807 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background RASSF1A, a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently inactivated in lung cancer leading to a YAP-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Such effects are partly due to the inactivation of the anti-migratory RhoB GTPase via the inhibitory phosphorylation of GEF-H1, the GDP/GTP exchange factor for RhoB. However, the kinase responsible for RhoB/GEF-H1 inactivation in RASSF1A-depleted cells remained unknown. Methods NDR1/2 inactivation by siRNA or shRNA effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, xenograft formation and growth in SCID−/− Beige mice, apoptosis, proliferation, cytokinesis, YAP/TAZ activation were investigated upon RASSF1A loss in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Results We demonstrate here that depletion of the YAP-kinases NDR1/2 reverts migration and metastatic properties upon RASSF1A loss in HBEC. We show that NDR2 interacts directly with GEF-H1 (which contains the NDR phosphorylation consensus motif HXRXXS/T), leading to GEF-H1 phosphorylation. We further report that the RASSF1A/NDR2/GEF-H1/RhoB/YAP axis is involved in proper cytokinesis in human bronchial cells, since chromosome proper segregation are NDR-dependent upon RASSF1A or GEF-H1 loss in HBEC. Conclusion To summarize, our data support a model in which, upon RASSF1A silencing, NDR2 gets activated, phosphorylates and inactivates GEF-H1, leading to RhoB inactivation. This cascade induced by RASSF1A loss in bronchial cells is responsible for metastasis properties, YAP activation and cytokinesis defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1145-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Keller
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France.,Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Teulier
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre P J Martin
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France.,Service d'oncologie thoracique, CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, SFR ICORE, Plateau CMABio3, F-14032, Caen, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France.,Service de Pneumologie-Oncologie thoracique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Camonis
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service d'oncologie thoracique, CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France. .,Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Juettner VV, Kruse K, Dan A, Vu VH, Khan Y, Le J, Leckband D, Komarova Y, Malik AB. VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and the endothelial barrier via a phosphatase-independent mechanism. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1725-1742. [PMID: 30948425 PMCID: PMC6504901 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juettner et al. describe a novel phosphatase-activity–independent mechanism by which the phosphatase VE-PTP restricts endothelial permeability. VE-PTP functions as a scaffold that binds and inhibits the RhoGEF GEF-H1, limiting RhoA-dependent tension across VE-cadherin junctions and decreasing VE-cadherin internalization to stabilize adherens junctions and reduce endothelial permeability. Vascular endothelial (VE) protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is an endothelial-specific phosphatase that stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions. Although studies have focused on the role of VE-PTP in dephosphorylating VE-cadherin in the activated endothelium, little is known of VE-PTP’s role in the quiescent endothelial monolayer. Here, we used the photoconvertible fluorescent protein VE-cadherin-Dendra2 to monitor VE-cadherin dynamics at adherens junctions (AJs) in confluent endothelial monolayers. We discovered that VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions by reducing the rate of VE-cadherin internalization independently of its phosphatase activity. VE-PTP serves as an adaptor protein that through binding and inhibiting the RhoGEF GEF-H1 modulates RhoA activity and tension across VE-cadherin junctions. Overexpression of the VE-PTP cytosolic domain mutant interacting with GEF-H1 in VE-PTP–depleted endothelial cells reduced GEF-H1 activity and restored VE-cadherin dynamics at AJs. Thus, VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and restricts endothelial permeability by inhibiting GEF-H1, thereby limiting RhoA signaling at AJs and reducing the VE-cadherin internalization rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Juettner
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Arkaprava Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Vinh H Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rymut SM, Lu B, Perez A, Corey DA, Lamb K, Cotton CU, Kelley TJ. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition regulates microtubule dynamics and intracellular transport in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1081-L1093. [PMID: 30892081 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-dose ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been shown to be an effective intervention although use is limited due to potential adverse events. Identifying the mechanism of ibuprofen efficacy would aid in the development of new therapies that avoid these adverse events. Previous findings demonstrated that ibuprofen treatment restores the regulation of microtubule dynamics in CF epithelial cells through a 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. The goal of this study is to define the AMPK pathway that leads to microtubule regulation. Here, it is identified that inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the key step in mediating the AMPK effect. ACC inhibition with 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA) increases microtubule reformation rates in cultured and primary CF epithelial cells to wild-type (WT) rates. TOFA treatment also restores microtubule-dependent distribution of cholesterol and Rab7-positive organelles, as well as reduces expression of the proinflammatory signaling molecule RhoA to WT levels. ACC activation with citrate replicates these CF phenotypes in WT cells further supporting the role of AMPK signaling through ACC as a key mediator in CF cell signaling. It is concluded that ACC inhibition is the key step in the efficacy of AMPK activation at the cellular level and could represent a novel site of therapeutic intervention to address inflammation in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Rymut
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Binyu Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aura Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah A Corey
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kata Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roy S, Hooiveld GJ, Seehawer M, Caruso S, Heinzmann F, Schneider AT, Frank AK, Cardenas DV, Sonntag R, Luedde M, Trautwein C, Stein I, Pikarsky E, Loosen S, Tacke F, Ringelhan M, Avsaroglu SK, Goga A, Buendia MA, Vucur M, Heikenwalder M, Zucman-Rossi J, Zender L, Roderburg C, Luedde T. microRNA 193a-5p Regulates Levels of Nucleolar- and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 to Suppress Hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1951-1966.e26. [PMID: 30165047 PMCID: PMC6279541 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We performed an integrated analysis to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with altered expression in liver tumors from 3 mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and human tumor tissues. METHODS We analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of liver tissues from mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, conditional expression of lymphotoxin alpha and lymphotoxin beta, or inducible expression of a Myc transgene (Tet-O-Myc mice), as well as male C57BL/6 mice (controls). miRNA mimics were expressed and miRNAs and mRNAs were knocked down in human (Huh7, Hep3B, JHH2) hepatoma cell lines; cells were analyzed for viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Cells were grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice and analyzed. We combined in silico target gene prediction with mRNA profiles from all 3 mouse models. We quantified miRNA levels in 146 fresh-frozen tissues from patients (125 HCCs, 17 matched nontumor tissues, and 4 liver samples from patients without cancer) and published human data sets and tested correlations with patient survival times using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Levels of NUSAP1 mRNA were quantified in 237 HCCs and 5 nontumor liver samples using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS Levels of the miRNA 193a-5p (MIR193A-5p) were reduced in liver tumors from all 3 mouse tumor models and in human HCC samples, compared with nontumor liver tissues. Expression of a MIR193A-5p mimic in hepatoma cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion and their growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. We found nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) to be a target of MIR193A-5p; HCC cells and tissues with low levels of MIR193A-5p had increased expression of NUSAP1. Increased levels of NUSAP1 in HCC samples correlated with shorter survival times of patients. Knockdown of NUSAP1 in Huh7 cells reduced proliferation, survival, migration, and growth as xenograft tumors in nude mice. Hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of a small hairpin RNA against NUSAP1 reduced growth of Akt1-Myc-induced tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS MIR193A-5p appears to prevent liver tumorigenesis by reducing levels of NUSAP1. Levels of MIR193A-5p are reduced in mouse and human HCC cells and tissues, leading to increased levels of NUSAP1, associated with shorter survival times of patients. Integrated analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs in tumors from mouse models can lead to identification of therapeutic targets in humans. The currently reported miRNA and mRNA profiling data have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (super-series accession number GSE102418).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Guido J. Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Seehawer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Florian Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anna K. Frank
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | | | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, 25105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ilan Stein
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sven Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München
| | - Seda Kilinc Avsaroglu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Inserm Unit U1193, University Paris-Sud, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, University Paris Descartes, University University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, Aachen Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dekraker C, Boucher E, Mandato CA. Regulation and Assembly of Actomyosin Contractile Rings in Cytokinesis and Cell Repair. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2051-2066. [PMID: 30312008 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair both involve contractile assemblies of filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin II organized into characteristic ring-like arrays. The assembly of these actomyosin contractile rings (CRs) is specified spatially and temporally by small Rho GTPases, which trigger local actin polymerization and myosin II contractility via a variety of downstream effectors. We now have a much clearer view of the Rho GTPase signaling cascade that leads to the formation of CRs, but some factors involved in CR positioning, assembly, and function remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that this regulation is multifactorial and goes beyond the long-established Ca2+ -dependent processes. There is substantial evidence that the Ca2+ -independent changes in cell shape, tension, and plasma membrane composition that characterize cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair also regulate CR formation. Elucidating the regulation and mechanistic properties of CRs is important to our understanding of basic cell biology and holds potential for therapeutic applications in human disease. In this review, we present a primer on the factors influencing and regulating CR positioning, assembly, and contraction as they occur in a variety of cytokinetic and single-cell wound repair models. Anat Rec, 301:2051-2066, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Dekraker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is crucially important for the assembly of cell-cell junctions and the homeostatic regulation of their functions. Junctional proteins act, in turn, as anchors for cytoskeletal filaments, and as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and signalling proteins. The cross-talk between junctions and the cytoskeleton is critical for the morphogenesis and physiology of epithelial and other tissues, but is not completely understood. Microtubules are implicated in the delivery of junctional proteins to cell-cell contact sites, in the differentiation and spatial organization of the cytoplasm, and in the stabilization of the barrier and adhesive functions of junctions. Here we focus on the relationships between microtubules and junctions of vertebrate epithelial cells. We highlight recent discoveries on the molecular underpinnings of microtubule-junction interactions, and report new data about the interaction of cingulin and paracingulin with microtubules. We also propose a possible new role of junctions as “molecular sinks” for microtubule-associated signalling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vasileva
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jones MC, Askari JA, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Cell adhesion is regulated by CDK1 during the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3203-3218. [PMID: 29930204 PMCID: PMC6122981 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most tissues, anchorage-dependent growth and cell cycle progression are dependent on cells engaging extracellular matrices (ECMs) via integrin-receptor adhesion complexes. In a highly conserved manner, cells disassemble adhesion complexes, round up, and retract from their surroundings before division, suggestive of a primordial link between the cell cycle machinery and the regulation of cell adhesion to the ECM. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) mediates this link. CDK1, in complex with cyclin A2, promotes adhesion complex and actin cytoskeleton organization during interphase and mediates a large increase in adhesion complex area as cells transition from G1 into S. Adhesion complex area decreases in G2, and disassembly occurs several hours before mitosis. This loss requires elevated cyclin B1 levels and is caused by inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1-cyclin complexes. The inactivation of CDK1 is therefore the trigger that initiates remodeling of adhesion complexes and the actin cytoskeleton in preparation for rapid entry into mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tight junction-associated protein GEF-H1 in the neighbours of dividing epithelial cells is essential for adaptation of cell-cell membrane during cytokinesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:72-82. [PMID: 30056063 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal cells divide by a process called cytokinesis which relies on the constriction of a contractile actomyosin ring leading to the production of two daughter cells. Cytokinesis is an intrinsic property of cells which occurs even for artificially isolated cells. During division, isolated cells undergo dramatic changes in shape such as rounding and membrane deformation as the division furrow ingresses. However, cells are often embedded in tissues and thus are surrounded by neighbouring cells. How these neighbours might influence, or might themselves be influenced by, the shape changes of cytokinesis is poorly understood in vertebrates. Here, we show that during cytokinesis of epithelial cells in the Xenopus embryo, lateral cell-cell contacts remain almost perpendicular to the epithelial plane. Depletion of the tight junction-associated protein GEF-H1 leads to a transient and stereotyped deformation of cell-cell contacts. Although, this deformation occurs only during cytokinesis, we show that it originates from immediate neighbours of the dividing cell. Moreover, we show that exocyst and recycling endosome regulation by GEF-H1 are involved in adaptation of cell-cell contacts to deformation. Our results highlight the crucial role of tight junctions and GEF-H1 in cell-cell contact adaptation when cells are exposed to a mechanical stress such as cytokinesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Eisler SA, Curado F, Link G, Schulz S, Noack M, Steinke M, Olayioye MA, Hausser A. A Rho signaling network links microtubules to PKD controlled carrier transport to focal adhesions. eLife 2018; 7:35907. [PMID: 30028295 PMCID: PMC6070338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that is required for the structural integrity and function of the Golgi complex. Despite its importance in the regulation of Golgi function, the molecular mechanisms regulating PKD activity are still incompletely understood. Using the genetically encoded PKD activity reporter G-PKDrep we now uncover a Rho signaling network comprising GEF-H1, the RhoGAP DLC3, and the Rho effector PLCε that regulate the activation of PKD at trans-Golgi membranes. We further show that this molecular network coordinates the formation of TGN-derived Rab6-positive transport carriers delivering cargo for localized exocytosis at focal adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Filipa Curado
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gisela Link
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Melanie Noack
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Steinke
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Balboula AZ, Blengini CS, Gentilello AS, Takahashi M, Schindler K. Maternal RNA regulates Aurora C kinase during mouse oocyte maturation in a translation-independent fashion. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:1197-1209. [PMID: 28575288 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During oocyte meiotic maturation, Aurora kinase C (AURKC) is required to accomplish many critical functions including destabilizing erroneous kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT)attachments and regulating bipolar spindle assembly. How localized activity of AURKC is regulated in mammalian oocytes, however, is not fully understood. Female gametes from many species, including mouse, contain stores of maternal transcripts that are required for downstream developmental events. We show here that depletion of maternal RNA in mouse oocytes resulted in impaired meiotic progression, increased incidence of chromosome misalignment and abnormal spindle formation at metaphase I (Met I), and cytokinesis defects. Importantly, depletion of maternal RNA perturbed the localization and activity of AURKC within the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). These perturbations were not observed when translation was inhibited by cycloheximide (CHX) treatment. These results demonstrate a translation-independent function of maternal RNA to regulate AURKC-CPC function in mouse oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Balboula
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Animal Science, Graduate school of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Cecilia S Blengini
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amanda S Gentilello
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate school of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Marceaux C, Petit D, Bertoglio J, David MD. Phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by CDK1 and ROCK regulates its subcellular localization and function during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208397. [PMID: 29420299 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP19 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) that acts through the RhoA/ROCK pathway to critically regulate cell elongation and cytokinesis during lymphocyte mitosis. We report here that, during mitosis progression, ARHGAP19 is sequentially phosphorylated by the RhoA-activated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 (hereafter ROCK) on serine residue 422, and by CDK1 on threonine residues 404 and 476. The phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by ROCK occurs before mitosis onset and generates a binding site for 14-3-3 family proteins. ARHGAP19 is then phosphorylated by CDK1 in prometaphase. The docking of 14-3-3 proteins to phosphorylated S422 protects ARHGAP19 from dephosphorylation of the threonine sites and prevents ARHGAP19 from relocating to the plasma membrane during prophase and metaphase, thus allowing RhoA to become activated. Disruption of these phosphorylation sites results in premature localization of ARHGAP19 at the cell membrane and in its enrichment to the equatorial cortex in anaphase leading to cytokinesis failure and cell multinucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marceaux
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Petit
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Bertoglio
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Muriel D David
- Inserm U749 and Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Suraneni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Derksen PWB, van de Ven RAH. Shared mechanisms regulate spatiotemporal RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility during adhesion and cell division. Small GTPases 2018; 11:113-121. [PMID: 29291271 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1366966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local modulation of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for the initiation and maintenance of strong homotypic adhesive interfaces between neighboring cells. The epithelial adherens junction (AJ) fulfils a central role in this process by mediating E-cadherin interactions and functioning as a signaling scaffold to control the activity of the small GTPase RhoA and subsequent actomyosin contractility. Interestingly, a number of regulatory proteins that modulate RhoA activity at the AJ also control RhoA during cytokinesis, an actomyosin-dependent process that divides the cytoplasm to generate two daughter cells at the final stages of mitosis. Recent insights have revealed that the central player in AJ stability, p120-catenin (p120), interacts with and modulates essential regulators of actomyosin contraction during cytokinesis. In cancer, loss of this modulation is a common event during tumor progression that can induce chromosomal instability and tumor progression.In this review, we will highlight the functional differences and similarities of the different RhoA-associated factors that have been linked to both the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A H van de Ven
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Graessl M, Koch J, Calderon A, Kamps D, Banerjee S, Mazel T, Schulze N, Jungkurth JK, Patwardhan R, Solouk D, Hampe N, Hoffmann B, Dehmelt L, Nalbant P. An excitable Rho GTPase signaling network generates dynamic subcellular contraction patterns. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4271-4285. [PMID: 29055010 PMCID: PMC5716289 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase-based signaling networks control cellular dynamics by coordinating protrusions and retractions in space and time. Here, we reveal a signaling network that generates pulses and propagating waves of cell contractions. These dynamic patterns emerge via self-organization from an activator-inhibitor network, in which the small GTPase Rho amplifies its activity by recruiting its activator, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Rho also inhibits itself by local recruitment of actomyosin and the associated RhoGAP Myo9b. This network structure enables spontaneous, self-limiting patterns of subcellular contractility that can explore mechanical cues in the extracellular environment. Indeed, actomyosin pulse frequency in cells is altered by matrix elasticity, showing that coupling of contractility pulses to environmental deformations modulates network dynamics. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism that integrates intracellular biochemical and extracellular mechanical signals into subcellular activity patterns to control cellular contractility dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Graessl
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Koch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Abram Calderon
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dominic Kamps
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Soumya Banerjee
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tomáš Mazel
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Kathrin Jungkurth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rutuja Patwardhan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Djamschid Solouk
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nico Hampe
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang YW, Huang YS. Midbody localization of vinexin recruits rhotekin to facilitate cytokinetic abscission. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2046-2057. [PMID: 28118077 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1284713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinexin is a SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein that has diverse roles in cell adhesion, signal transduction, gene regulation and stress granule assembly. In this study, we found that vinexin localizes at the midbody during cell division and facilitates cytokinesis. Knockdown of vinexin in HeLa cells delayed the mitotic cell cycle progression and increased the time of cell abscission and the failure to resolve the cytoplasmic bridge. Midbody-localized vinexin is essential for recruiting rhotekin to this structure for cytokinesis because overexpression of a vinexin mutant without a rhotekin-binding motif or knockdown of rhotekin also impaired cytokinetic abscission and increased the number of cells arrested at the midbody stage. Aberrant expression of vinexin and rhotekin in various cancers has been implicated to promote metastasis because of their functions in cell adhesion and signaling. Our findings reveal a novel role of vinexin and rhotekin in cytokinetic abscission and provide another perspective of how both molecules may affect oncogenic transformation via this fundamental cell cycle process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zaritsky A, Tseng YY, Rabadán MA, Krishna S, Overholtzer M, Danuser G, Hall A. Diverse roles of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in regulating collective cell migration. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1543-1556. [PMID: 28512143 PMCID: PMC5461017 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective collective cell migration depends on delicate tuning of cell motility forces and cell–cell communication. Zaritsky, Tseng, and coworkers identified differential roles for RhoA, RhoC, and their upstream activators in mediating long-range transmission of guidance cues. Efficient collective migration depends on a balance between contractility and cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion, and mechanical cell–cell communication, all controlled by GTPases of the RHO family. By comprehensive screening of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers, we identified GEFs that are required for collective migration at large, such as SOS1 and β-PIX, and RHOA GEFs that are implicated in intercellular communication. Down-regulation of the latter GEFs differentially enhanced front-to-back propagation of guidance cues through the monolayer and was mirrored by down-regulation of RHOA expression and myosin II activity. Phenotype-based clustering of knockdown behaviors identified RHOA-ARHGEF18 and ARHGEF3-ARHGEF28-ARHGEF11 clusters, indicating that the latter may signal through other RHO-family GTPases. Indeed, knockdown of RHOC produced an intermediate between the two phenotypes. We conclude that for effective collective migration, the RHOA-GEFs → RHOA/C → actomyosin pathways must be optimally tuned to compromise between generation of motility forces and restriction of intercellular communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zaritsky
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yun-Yu Tseng
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - M Angeles Rabadán
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Shefali Krishna
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 .,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Alan Hall
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ravindran E, Hu H, Yuzwa SA, Hernandez-Miranda LR, Kraemer N, Ninnemann O, Musante L, Boltshauser E, Schindler D, Hübner A, Reinecker HC, Ropers HH, Birchmeier C, Miller FD, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM. Homozygous ARHGEF2 mutation causes intellectual disability and midbrain-hindbrain malformation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006746. [PMID: 28453519 PMCID: PMC5428974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-hindbrain malformations can occur during embryogenesis through a disturbance of transient and localized gene expression patterns within these distinct brain structures. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARHGEF) family members are key for controlling the spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPase, to modulate cytoskeleton dynamics, cell division, and cell migration. We identified, by means of whole exome sequencing, a homozygous frameshift mutation in the ARHGEF2 as a cause of intellectual disability, a midbrain-hindbrain malformation, and mild microcephaly in a consanguineous pedigree of Kurdish-Turkish descent. We show that loss of ARHGEF2 perturbs progenitor cell differentiation and that this is associated with a shift of mitotic spindle plane orientation, putatively favoring more symmetric divisions. The ARHGEF2 mutation leads to reduction in the activation of the RhoA/ROCK/MLC pathway crucial for cell migration. We demonstrate that the human brain malformation is recapitulated in Arhgef2 mutant mice and identify an aberrant migration of distinct components of the precerebellar system as a pathomechanism underlying the midbrain-hindbrain phenotype. Our results highlight the crucial function of ARHGEF2 in human brain development and identify a mutation in ARHGEF2 as novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott A. Yuzwa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Hübner
- Pediatrics, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Freda D. Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shibata S, Teshima Y, Niimi K, Inagaki S. Involvement of ARHGEF10, GEF for RhoA, in Rab6/Rab8-mediating membrane traffic. Small GTPases 2017; 10:169-177. [PMID: 28448737 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1302550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases play crucial roles in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment and appropriate movements of the cell. In these processes, the direct or indirect interaction between distinct small GTPases could be required for regulating mutual signaling pathways. In our recent study, ARHGEF10, known as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA, was indicated to interact with Rab6A and Rab8A, which are known to function in the exocytotic pathway, and colocalized with these Rabs at exocytotic vesicles. Moreover, it was suggested that ARHGEF10 is involved in the regulation of Rab6A and Rab8A localization and invasion of breast carcinoma cells, in which Rab8 also acts via regulation of membrane trafficking. These results may reveal the existence of a novel small GTPase cascade which connects the signaling of these Rabs with RhoA during membrane trafficking. In this mini-review, we consider the possible functions of ARHGEF10 and RhoA in the Rab6- and Rab8-mediated membrane trafficking pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shibata
- a Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yui Teshima
- a Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kenta Niimi
- a Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shinobu Inagaki
- a Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nicholas NS, Pipili A, Lesjak MS, Wells CM. Differential role for PAK1 and PAK4 during the invadopodia lifecycle. Small GTPases 2017; 10:289-295. [PMID: 28301299 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1295830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PAK1 and PAK4 are members of the p-21 activated kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. PAK1 has previously been implicated in both the formation and disassembly of invasive cell protrusions, termed invadopodia. We recently reported a novel role for PAK4 during invadopodia maturation and confirmed a specific role for PAK1 in invadopodia formation; findings we will review here. Moreover, we found that PAK4 induction of maturation is delivered via interaction with the RhoA regulator PDZ-RhoGEF. We can now reveal that loss of PAK4 expression leads to changes in invadopodia dynamics. Ultimately we propose that PAK4 but not PAK1 is a key mediator of RhoA activity and provide further evidence that modulation of PAK4 expression levels leads to changes in RhoA activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Nicholas
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK.,b National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London , London , UK
| | - Aikaterini Pipili
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK.,b National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London , London , UK
| | - Michaela S Lesjak
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Claire M Wells
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
EB1 contributes to proper front-to-back polarity in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
49
|
Jiu Y, Peränen J, Schaible N, Cheng F, Eriksson JE, Krishnan R, Lappalainen P. Vimentin intermediate filaments control actin stress fiber assembly through GEF-H1 and RhoA. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:892-902. [PMID: 28096473 PMCID: PMC5358333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin and intermediate filament cytoskeletons contribute to numerous cellular processes, including morphogenesis, cytokinesis and migration. These two cytoskeletal systems associate with each other, but the underlying mechanisms of this interaction are incompletely understood. Here, we show that inactivation of vimentin leads to increased actin stress fiber assembly and contractility, and consequent elevation of myosin light chain phosphorylation and stabilization of tropomyosin-4.2 (see Geeves et al., 2015). The vimentin-knockout phenotypes can be rescued by re-expression of wild-type vimentin, but not by the non-filamentous ‘unit length form’ vimentin, demonstrating that intact vimentin intermediate filaments are required to facilitate the effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we provide evidence that the effects of vimentin on stress fibers are mediated by activation of RhoA through its guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 (also known as ARHGEF2). Vimentin depletion induces phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated GEF-H1 on Ser886, and thereby promotes RhoA activity and actin stress fiber assembly. Taken together, these data reveal a new mechanism by which intermediate filaments regulate contractile actomyosin bundles, and may explain why elevated vimentin expression levels correlate with increased migration and invasion of cancer cells. Summary: Vimentin intermediate filaments control the activity of RhoA, and consequent stress fiber assembly and contractility by downregulating its guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nicholas NS, Pipili A, Lesjak MS, Ameer SM, Geh JLC, Healy C, Ross ADM, Parsons M, Nestle FO, Lacy KE, Wells CM. PAK4 suppresses PDZ-RhoGEF activity to drive invadopodia maturation in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:70881-70897. [PMID: 27765920 PMCID: PMC5342596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are thought to use actin rich invadopodia to facilitate matrix degradation. Formation and maturation of invadopodia requires the co-ordained activity of Rho-GTPases, however the molecular mechanisms that underlie the invadopodia lifecycle are not fully elucidated. Previous work has suggested a formation and disassembly role for Rho family effector p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) however, related family member PAK4 has not been explored. Systematic analysis of isoform specific depletion using in vitro and in vivo invasion assays revealed there are differential invadopodia-associated functions. We consolidated a role for PAK1 in the invadopodia formation phase and identified PAK4 as a novel invadopodia protein that is required for successful maturation. Furthermore, we find that PAK4 (but not PAK1) mediates invadopodia maturation likely via inhibition of PDZ-RhoGEF. Our work points to an essential role for both PAKs during melanoma invasion but provides a significant advance in our understanding of differential PAK function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Nicholas
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Pipili
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela S. Lesjak
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon M. Ameer
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny L. C. Geh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London, London, UK
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claire M. Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|