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Hua R, Truong VA, Fajardo RJ, Guda T, Gu S, Jiang JX. Connexin hemichannels drive lactation-induced osteocyte acidification and perilacunar-canalicular remodeling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114363. [PMID: 38935505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The maternal skeleton experiences significant bone loss during lactation, followed by rapid restoration post weaning. Parathyroid-related protein (PTHrP)-induced acidification of the perilacunar matrix by osteocytes is crucial in this process, yet its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identify Cx43 hemichannels (HCs) as key mediators of osteocyte acidification and perilacunar-canalicular remodeling (PLR). Utilizing transgenic mouse models expressing dominant-negative Cx43 mutants, we show that mice with impaired Cx43 HCs exhibit attenuated lactation-induced responses compared to wild-type and only gap junction-impaired groups, including lacunar enlargement, upregulation of PLR genes, and bone loss with compromised mechanical properties. Furthermore, inhibition of HCs by a Cx43 antibody blunts PTHrP-induced calcium influx and protein kinase A activation, followed by impaired osteocyte acidification. Additionally, impeded HCs suppress bone recovery during the post-lactation period. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Cx43 HCs in orchestrating dynamic bone changes during lactation and recovery by regulating acidification and remodeling enzyme expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vu A Truong
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
| | - Roberto J Fajardo
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Sumin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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2
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Trojani MC, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Lysosomal exocytosis: From cell protection to protumoral functions. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217024. [PMID: 38871244 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are single membrane bounded group of acidic organelles that can be involved in a process called lysosomal exocytosis which leads to the extracellular release of their content. Lysosomal exocytosis is required for plasma membrane repair or remodeling events such as bone resorption, antigen presentation or mitosis, and for protection against toxic agents such as heavy metals. Recently, it has been showed that to fulfill this protective role, lysosomal exocytosis needs some autophagic proteins, in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition to these crucial physiological roles, lysosomal exocytosis plays a major protumoral role in various cancers. This effect is exerted through tumor microenvironment modifications, including extracellular matrix remodeling, acidosis, oncogenic and profibrogenic signals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different elements released in the microenvironment during lysosomal exocytosis, i.e. proteases, exosomes, and protons, and their effects in the context of tumor development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Trojani
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; INSERM, Paris, France.
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3
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Kim M, Park JH, Go M, Lee N, Seo J, Lee H, Kim D, Ha H, Kim T, Jeong MS, Kim S, Kim T, Kim HS, Kang D, Shim H, Lee SY. RUFY4 deletion prevents pathological bone loss by blocking endo-lysosomal trafficking of osteoclasts. Bone Res 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38744829 PMCID: PMC11094054 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature osteoclasts degrade bone matrix by exocytosis of active proteases from secretory lysosomes through a ruffled border. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal trafficking and secretion in osteoclasts remain largely unknown. Here, we show with GeneChip analysis that RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (RUFY4) is strongly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Mice lacking Rufy4 exhibited a high trabecular bone mass phenotype with abnormalities in osteoclast function in vivo. Furthermore, deleting Rufy4 did not affect osteoclast differentiation, but inhibited bone-resorbing activity due to disruption in the acidic maturation of secondary lysosomes, their trafficking to the membrane, and their secretion of cathepsin K into the extracellular space. Mechanistically, RUFY4 promotes late endosome-lysosome fusion by acting as an adaptor protein between Rab7 on late endosomes and LAMP2 on primary lysosomes. Consequently, Rufy4-deficient mice were highly protected from lipopolysaccharide- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Thus, RUFY4 plays as a new regulator in osteoclast activity by mediating endo-lysosomal trafficking and have a potential to be specific target for therapies against bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Miyeon Go
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Nawon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeongin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Doyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Suree Kim
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center and Bioimaging Data Curation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center and Bioimaging Data Curation Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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4
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Iacobescu GL, Corlatescu AD, Popa M, Iacobescu L, Cirstoiu C, Orban C. Exploring the Implications of Golgi Apparatus Dysfunction in Bone Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e56982. [PMID: 38665758 PMCID: PMC11045246 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for protein processing, sorting, and transport in cells. Recent research has shed light on its possible role in the pathogenesis of various bone diseases. This review seeks to explore its significance in osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other bone conditions such as dysplasias. Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that perturbations to Golgi apparatus function can disrupt post-translational protein modification, folding and trafficking functions crucial for bone formation, mineralization, and remodeling. Abnormalities related to glycosylation, protein sorting, or vesicular transport in Golgi have been associated with altered osteoblast and osteoclast function, compromised extracellular matrix composition, as well as disrupted signaling pathways involved with homeostasis of bones. Mutations or dysregulation of Golgi-associated proteins, including golgins and coat protein complex I and coat protein complex II coat components, have also been implicated in bone diseases. Such genetic alterations may disrupt Golgi structure, membrane dynamics, and protein transport, leading to bone phenotype abnormalities. Understanding the links between Golgi apparatus dysfunction and bone diseases could provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on unraveling specific molecular mechanisms underlying Golgi dysfunction associated with bone diseases to develop targeted interventions for restoring normal bone homeostasis while decreasing clinical manifestations associated with these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian L Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Mihnea Popa
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Loredana Iacobescu
- Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Cardiology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Carmen Orban
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:264-272. [PMID: 38297158 PMCID: PMC10907717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Bao T, Zhang X, Xie W, Wang Y, Li X, Tang C, Yang Y, Sun J, Gao J, Yu T, Zhao L, Tong X. Natural compounds efficacy in complicated diabetes: A new twist impacting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115544. [PMID: 37820566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a way of cell death, participates in the body's normal physiological and pathological regulation. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis may damage glucose-stimulated islets β Insulin secretion and programmed cell death of T2DM target organs are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications. Targeting suppression of ferroptosis with specific inhibitors may provide new therapeutic opportunities for previously untreated T2DM and its target organs. Current studies suggest that natural bioactive compounds, which are abundantly available in drugs, foods, and medicinal plants for the treatment of T2DM and its target organs, have recently received significant attention for their various biological activities and minimal toxicity, and that many natural compounds appear to have a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis in T2DM and its target organs. Therefore, this review summarized the potential treatment strategies of natural compounds as ferroptosis inhibitors to treat T2DM and its complications, providing potential lead compounds and natural phytochemical molecular nuclei for future drug research and development to intervene in ferroptosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd Ring East Roa, Chaoyang Distric, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Tongyue Yu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
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Wu J, Xu L, Li C, Wang X, Jiang J. Exploration of key factors in Gingival Crevicular fluids from patients undergoing Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) using proteome analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:934. [PMID: 38012627 PMCID: PMC10683118 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study are to explore protein changes in gingival crevicular fluid at different time points after PAOO by proteomics method and to select significant bone metabolization-related biomarkers. METHODS This study included 10 adult patients experiencing PAOO. After orthodontic alignment and leveling, the maxillary anterior teeth were treated with PAOO, which is classified as the experimental area. The traditional orthodontic treatment was performed in the mandibular dentition as the control. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at the following time points: the day before the PAOO (T1) and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after PAOO (T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively). The label-free quantitative proteomic assay was used to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid in PAOO and control areas at time point T1, T2, and T4. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to categorize proteins based on biological processes, cellular component and molecular function, which is in compliance with gene ontology (GO) standards. The changes of proteins were confirmed by ELISA. RESULTS A total of 134 proteins were selected by keywords (Osteoblast markers, Osteoclast markers, Osteoclastogenesis regulating genes and inflammatory marker). 33 of them were statistically different between groups, and 12 were related to bone metabolism. 5 proteins selected by label-free quantitative proteomics were KLF10, SYT7, APOA1, FBN1 and NOTCH1. KLF10 decreased after PAOO, hitting a trough at T4, and then leveled off. SYT7 increased after PAOO, reaching a peak at T3, and then stabilized until T6. APOA1 ascended to a peak at T4 after PAOO, and then remained stable until T6. The FBN1 rose after PAOO, reaching a peak at T4, and then went down slowly. NOTCH1 ascended rapidly in the first two weeks after PAOO and continued its slow growth trend. CONCLUSION In this study, protein changes in gingival crevicular fluid were detected by proteomics method, and significant bone metabolization-related proteins were selected. It is speculated that APOA1, FBN1, NOTCH1, SYT7 and KLF10 played key roles in regulating bone metabolic balance and in reversible osteopenia after PAOO, which might be involved in the accelerated tooth movement. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-ONRC-13,004,129) (26/04/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiujing Wang
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jiuhui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, PR China.
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8
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Reyes Fernandez PC, Wright CS, Farach-Carson MC, Thompson WR. Examining Mechanisms for Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channel-Mediated Secretion Events in Bone Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:126-142. [PMID: 37261463 PMCID: PMC11008533 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their well-described functions in cell excitability, voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) serve a critical role in calcium (Ca2+)-mediated secretion of pleiotropic paracrine and endocrine factors, including those produced in bone. Influx of Ca2+ through VSCCs activates intracellular signaling pathways to modulate a variety of cellular processes that include cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone adaptation in response to mechanical stimuli. Less well understood is the role of VSCCs in the control of bone and calcium homeostasis mediated through secreted factors. In this review, we discuss the various functions of VSCCs in skeletal cells as regulators of Ca2+ dynamics and detail how these channels might control the release of bioactive factors from bone cells. Because VSCCs are druggable, a better understanding of the multiple functions of these channels in the skeleton offers the opportunity for developing new therapies to enhance and maintain bone and to improve systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla C Reyes Fernandez
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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9
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Ueda H. Non-Vesicular Release of Alarmin Prothymosin α Complex Associated with Annexin-2 Flop-Out. Cells 2023; 12:1569. [PMID: 37371039 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein prothymosin α (ProTα) is a unique member of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmins. ProTα prevents neuronal necrosis by causing a cell death mode switch in serum-starving or ischemic/reperfusion models in vitro and in vivo. Underlying receptor mechanisms include Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Gi-coupled receptor. Recent studies have revealed that the mode of the fatal stress-induced extracellular release of nuclear ProTα from cortical neurons in primary cultures, astrocytes and C6 glioma cells has two steps: ATP loss-induced nuclear release and the Ca2+-mediated formation of a multiple protein complex and its extracellular release. Under the serum-starving condition, ProTα is diffused from the nucleus throughout the cell due to the ATP loss-induced impairment of importin α-mediated nuclear transport. Subsequent mechanisms are all Ca2+-dependent. They include the formation of a protein complex with ProTα, S100A13, p40 Syt-1 and Annexin A2 (ANXA2); the fusion of the protein complex to the plasma membrane via p40 Syt-1-Stx-1 interaction; and TMEM16F scramblase-mediated ANXA2 flop-out. Subsequently, the protein complex is extracellularly released, leaving ANXA2 on the outer cell surface. The ANXA2 is then flipped in by a force of ATP8A2 activity, and the non-vesicular release of protein complex is repeated. Thus, the ANXA2 flop-out could play key roles in a new type of non-vesicular and non-classical release for DAMPs/alarmins, which is distinct from the modes conducted via gasdermin D or mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Nei-hu, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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10
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Rashid S, Wilson SG, Zhu K, Walsh JP, Xu J, Mullin BH. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Osteoclastogenesis Using RNA-seq. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040916. [PMID: 37107674 PMCID: PMC10137460 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and can be exacerbated by the excessive bone resorption of osteoclasts (OCs). Bioinformatic methods, including functional enrichment and network analysis, can provide information about the underlying molecular mechanisms that participate in the progression of osteoporosis. In this study, we harvested human OC-like cells differentiated in culture and their precursor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterised the transcriptome of the two cell types using RNA-sequencing in order to identify differentially expressed genes. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in RStudio using the edgeR package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify enriched GO terms and signalling pathways, with inter-connected regions characterised using protein-protein interaction analysis. In this study, we identified 3201 differentially expressed genes using a 5% false discovery rate; 1834 genes were upregulated, whereas 1367 genes were downregulated. We confirmed a significant upregulation of several well-established OC genes including CTSK, DCSTAMP, ACP5, MMP9, ITGB3, and ATP6V0D2. The GO analysis suggested that upregulated genes are involved in cell division, cell migration, and cell adhesion, while the KEGG pathway analysis highlighted oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, lysosome, and focal adhesion pathways. This study provides new information about changes in gene expression and highlights key biological pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rashid
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Sugar transporter Slc37a2 regulates bone metabolism in mice via a tubular lysosomal network in osteoclasts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:906. [PMID: 36810735 PMCID: PMC9945426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a membrane precursor to the ruffled border, the osteoclast's 'resorptive apparatus'. Yet, the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of SLs remains incompletely understood. Here, using organelle-resolution proteomics, we identify member a2 of the solute carrier 37 family (Slc37a2) as a SL sugar transporter. We demonstrate in mice that Slc37a2 localizes to the SL limiting membrane and that these organelles adopt a hitherto unnoticed but dynamic tubular network in living osteoclasts that is required for bone digestion. Accordingly, mice lacking Slc37a2 accrue high bone mass owing to uncoupled bone metabolism and disturbances in SL export of monosaccharide sugars, a prerequisite for SL delivery to the bone-lining osteoclast plasma membrane. Thus, Slc37a2 is a physiological component of the osteoclast's unique secretory organelle and a potential therapeutic target for metabolic bone diseases.
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12
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Tian Y, Ming J. Melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via RANKL/OPG suppression mediated by Rev-Erbα in osteoblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4032-4047. [PMID: 35726597 PMCID: PMC9279587 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis is secondary osteoporosis and a serious complication of diabetes with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The specific mechanism of diabetic osteoporosis is unclear, and prevention and treatment options are limited. Recently, melatonin has been found to prevent and treat diabetic osteoporosis. Herein, we investigated the mechanism whereby melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and identified a new target for osteoporosis treatment. We established an in vitro osteoblast–osteoclast co‐culture system as a diabetic osteoporosis model. Osteoclastogenesis was determined using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and cathepsin K expression. Real‐time PCR was used to ascertain expression of microRNA mir‐882, targeting Rev‐Erbα. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of Rev‐Erbα, receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), and ELISA was utilized to analyse the secreted form of RANKL. High glucose promoted osteoclastogenesis and elevated the RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblasts, while melatonin reversed these effects. High glucose inhibited Rev‐Erbα expression, while melatonin promoted its expression. Conversely, high glucose promoted mir‐882 expression, while melatonin inhibited it. We infer that melatonin inhibits RANKL expression in osteoblasts via the mir‐882/Rev‐Erbα axis, thus inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Our findings provide insights into diabetic osteoporosis and identify a new therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Tian
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ming
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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13
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Ferroptosis: A New Regulatory Mechanism in Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2634431. [PMID: 35082963 PMCID: PMC8786466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2634431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis can be caused by a multitude of factors and is defined by a decrease in bone density and mass caused by the destruction of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone brittleness. Thus, it is a systemic bone disease in which patients are prone to fracture. The role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has become a topic of growing interest. In this review, we discuss the cell morphology, basic mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between ferroptosis and osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as the relationship between ferroptosis and diabetic osteoporosis, steroid-induced osteoporosis, and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Emerging biomedical research has provided new insights into the roles of ferroptosis and osteoporosis, such as in cellular function, signaling pathways, drug inhibition, and gene silencing. The pathophysiology and mechanism of ferroptosis and osteoporosis need to be further studied and elucidated to broaden our understanding of iron metabolism and immune regulation. Studies using animal models of osteoporosis in vivo and cell models in vitro will help clarify the relationship between ferroptosis and osteoporosis and provide research ideas for the elucidation of new mechanisms and development of new technologies and new drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future.
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14
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Chai J, Xu L, Liu N. miR-23b-3p regulates differentiation of osteoclasts by targeting PTEN via the PI3k/AKT pathway. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1542-1557. [PMID: 36457973 PMCID: PMC9710281 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are cells of osteoblastic origin, and are vital in homeostasis of the skeleton. miRs are important for functioning, survival and differentiation of osteoclasts. It has been reported previously that miR-23b-3p is involved in osteoporosis and in regulation of differentiation of osteoblasts. It is also involved in the process of bone formation. However, the role of miR-23b-3p in differentiation of osteoclasts remains unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS CSF-1 and ODF induced osteoclasts were used for the study. RNA isolation was done from TIB-71 cells. TRAP staining was done for TRAP-positive osteoclast formation. PIT assay for bone resorption was performed. For in vivo studies osteoclast-specific miR-23b-3p transgenic mice were developed. RESULTS The levels of miR-23b-3p were upregulated in bone marrow monocytes during osteoclastogenesis with colony stimulating factor-1 and osteoclast differentiation factor induction, which suggests that miR-23b-3p plays a crucial role in differentiation of osteoclasts. Over-expression of miR-23b-3p in bone marrow monocytes leads to osteoclastogenesis, whereas the inhibition ameliorates it. We further studied the function of miR-23b-3p via PI3K/AKT targeting the PTEN pathway. In vivo, osteoclast-specific miR-23b-3p transgenic mice showed suppressed PTEN and elevated osteoclast activity, and the mice showed decreased bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that miR-23b-3p regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts by targeting PTEN through the PI3K/AKT cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Chai
- Second Ward of Trauma Surgery Department, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Linyi Health School, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Niansheng Liu
- The First Ward of Trauma Surgery Department, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
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15
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Hu X, Wang Z, Kong C, Wang Y, Zhu W, Wang W, Li Y, Wang W, Lu S. Necroptosis: A new target for prevention of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032614. [PMID: 36339402 PMCID: PMC9627214 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple causes may contribute to osteoporosis, characterized by a loss in bone mass and density as a consequence of the degradation of bone microstructure and a resultant rise in bone fragility. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the role of necroptosis in the development of osteoporosis. Necroptosis is orchestrated by a set of proteins known as receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1, RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). A necrosome is formed by MLKL, RIPK1, RIPK3, and RIPK3-RIPK3. A dissociated MLKL forms pores in the plasma membrane and eventually leads to necroptosis after translocating from the necrosome. In this review, we discuss a detailed understanding of necroptosis and its associated processes, a better understanding of its interactions with osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, and the associations between necroptosis and diabetic osteoporosis, steroid-induced osteoporosis, and postmenopausal osteoporosis. In addition, a variety of experimental medicines capable of modulating crucial necroptosis processes are highlighted. It's important to note that this is the first review paper to consolidate current data on the role of necroptosis in osteoporosis, and it offers fresh hope for the future treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Shibao Lu,
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Shibao Lu,
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16
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Vevea JD, Kusick GF, Courtney KC, Chen E, Watanabe S, Chapman ER. Synaptotagmin 7 is targeted to the axonal plasma membrane through γ-secretase processing to promote synaptic vesicle docking in mouse hippocampal neurons. eLife 2021; 10:e67261. [PMID: 34543184 PMCID: PMC8452306 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) has emerged as a key regulator of presynaptic function, but its localization and precise role in the synaptic vesicle cycle remain the subject of debate. Here, we used iGluSnFR to optically interrogate glutamate release, at the single-bouton level, in SYT7KO-dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons. We analyzed asynchronous release, paired-pulse facilitation, and synaptic vesicle replenishment and found that SYT7 contributes to each of these processes to different degrees. 'Zap-and-freeze' electron microscopy revealed that a loss of SYT7 diminishes docking of synaptic vesicles after a stimulus and inhibits the recovery of depleted synaptic vesicles after a stimulus train. SYT7 supports these functions from the axonal plasma membrane, where its localization and stability require both γ-secretase-mediated cleavage and palmitoylation. In summary, SYT7 is a peripheral membrane protein that controls multiple modes of synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis and plasticity, in part, through enhancing activity-dependent docking of SVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Vevea
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Grant F Kusick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kevin C Courtney
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Erin Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
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17
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Karanth DS, Martin ML, Holliday LS. Plasma Membrane Receptors Involved in the Binding and Response of Osteoclasts to Noncellular Components of the Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810097. [PMID: 34576260 PMCID: PMC8466431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts differentiate from hematopoietic cells and resorb the bone in response to various signals, some of which are received directly from noncellular elements of the bone. In vitro, adherence to the bone triggers the reduction of cell–cell fusion events between osteoclasts and the activation of osteoclasts to form unusual dynamic cytoskeletal and membrane structures that are required for degrading the bone. Integrins on the surface of osteoclasts are known to receive regulatory signals from the bone matrix. Regulation of the availability of these signals is accomplished by enzymatic alterations of the bone matrix by protease activity and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. Other membrane receptors are present in osteoclasts and may interact with as yet unidentified signals in the bone. Bone mineral has been shown to have regulatory effects on osteoclasts, and osteoclast activity is also directly modulated by mechanical stress. As understanding of how osteoclasts and other bone cells interact with the bone has emerged, increasingly sophisticated efforts have been made to create bone biomimetics that reproduce both the structural properties of the bone and the bone’s ability to regulate osteoclasts and other bone cells. A more complete understanding of the interactions between osteoclasts and the bone may lead to new strategies for the treatment of bone diseases and the production of bone biomimetics to repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar S. Karanth
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (D.S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Macey L. Martin
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (D.S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Lexie S. Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (D.S.K.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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邢 磊, 耿 远, 李 文, 林 丽, 徐 平. [Expression of RUNX2/LAPTM5 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells with induced mineralization]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1394-1399. [PMID: 34658355 PMCID: PMC8526321 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the expressions of RUNX2/LAPTM5 with osteogenesis and lysosomes in osteoblastic cells during mineralization induction. METHODS MC3T3- E1 cells cultured in osteogenic induction medium was examined for mineralization and osteogenic differentiation using Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Runx2 and LAPTM5 in the cells during osteogenic induction for 5 days. The effects of overexpression and interference of RUNX2/ LAPTM5 on the expressions of ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) in the cells were examined with Western blotting. RESULTS MC3T3- E1 cells cultured in osteogenic induction medium showed an increased number of mineralized nodules over time, and the size of the mineralized nodules increased as the culture time extended; the number of purple-blue granules stained by ALP also increased gradually with time. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that the expressions of RUNX2 and LAPTM5 in the cells increased progressively during osteogenic mineralization (P < 0.001). Overexpression and interference of RUNX2 obviously affected LAPTM5 expression in the cells (P < 0.05); modulation of LAPTM5 expression did not significantly affect RUNX2 expression but caused significant changes in ALP and OCN expressions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION RUNX2 /LAPTM5 may participate in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, and RUNX2 may be involved in the regulation of LAPTM5 expression. RUNX2 /LAPTM5 may play a mediating role in the process of osteogenic mineralization involving lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 磊 邢
- 广州医科大学附属口腔医院种植科//广州市口腔再生医学基础与应用研究重点实验室,广东 广州 510182Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - 远明 耿
- 南方医科大学珠江医院口腔科,广东 广州 510282Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 文昊 李
- 南方医科大学口腔医院,广东 广州 510280Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 丽佳 林
- 南方医科大学口腔医院,广东 广州 510280Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 平平 徐
- 南方医科大学口腔医院,广东 广州 510280Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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19
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The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158182. [PMID: 34360948 PMCID: PMC8347149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.
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20
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Keller ET, Yang J, Cho JS, Feinberg TY, Weiss SJ. Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is controlled by a compensatory network of secreted and membrane-tethered metalloproteinases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/529/eaaw6143. [PMID: 32024800 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts actively remodel both the mineral and proteinaceous components of bone during normal growth and development as well as pathologic states ranging from osteoporosis to bone metastasis. The cysteine proteinase cathepsin K confers osteoclasts with potent type I collagenolytic activity; however, cathepsin K-null mice, as well as cathepsin K-mutant humans, continue to remodel bone and degrade collagen by as-yet-undefined effectors. Here, we identify a cathepsin K-independent collagenolytic system in osteoclasts that is composed of a functionally redundant network of the secreted matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 and the membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase MMP14. Unexpectedly, whereas deleting either of the proteinases individually leaves bone resorption intact, dual targeting of Mmp9 and Mmp14 inhibited the resorptive activity of mouse osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo and human osteoclasts in vitro. In vivo, Mmp9/Mmp14 conditional double-knockout mice exhibited marked increases in bone density and displayed a highly protected status against either parathyroid hormone- or ovariectomy-induced pathologic bone loss. Together, these studies characterize a collagenolytic system operative in mouse and human osteoclasts and identify the MMP9/MMP14 axis as a potential target for therapeutic interventions for bone-wasting disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. .,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Pathology, Department of Urology and the Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jingwen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.,School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tamar Y Feinberg
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. .,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Zhao X, Patil S, Xu F, Lin X, Qian A. Role of Biomolecules in Osteoclasts and Their Therapeutic Potential for Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:747. [PMID: 34067783 PMCID: PMC8156890 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are important cells that are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and are mainly responsible for coordinating bone resorption with bone formation to regulate bone remodeling. The imbalance between bone resorption and formation significantly affects bone metabolism. When the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the osteoblasts, it results in a condition called osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone microarchitecture, decreased bone mass, and increased occurrences of fracture. Molecules, including transcription factors, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, such as non-coding RNAs, play an important role in osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and function. In this review, we have highlighted the role of these molecules in osteoclasts regulation and osteoporosis. The developed therapeutics targeting these molecules for the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years have also been discussed with challenges faced in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi’an 712046, China;
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Xu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Lin
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Airong Qian
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
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22
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Bourgeois-Jaarsma Q, Miaja Hernandez P, Groffen AJ. Ca 2+ sensor proteins in spontaneous release and synaptic plasticity: Limited contribution of Doc2c, rabphilin-3a and synaptotagmin 7 in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 112:103613. [PMID: 33753311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic neurotransmitter release is strictly regulated by SNARE proteins, Ca2+ and a number of Ca2+ sensors including synaptotagmins (Syts) and Double C2 domain proteins (Doc2s). More than seventy years after the original description of spontaneous release, the mechanism that regulates this process is still poorly understood. Syt-1, Syt7 and Doc2 proteins contribute predominantly, but not exclusively, to synchronous, asynchronous and spontaneous phases of release. The proteins share a conserved tandem C2 domain architecture, but are functionally diverse in their subcellular location, Ca2+-binding properties and protein interactions. In absence of Syt-1, Doc2a and -b, neurons still exhibit spontaneous vesicle fusion which remains Ca2+-sensitive, suggesting the existence of additional sensors. Here, we selected Doc2c, rabphilin-3a and Syt-7 as three potential Ca2+ sensors for their sequence homology with Syt-1 and Doc2b. We genetically ablated each candidate gene in absence of Doc2a and -b and investigated spontaneous and evoked release in glutamatergic hippocampal neurons, cultured either in networks or on microglial islands (autapses). The removal of Doc2c had no effect on spontaneous or evoked release. Syt-7 removal also did not affect spontaneous release, although it altered short-term plasticity by accentuating short-term depression. The removal of rabphilin caused an increased spontaneous release frequency in network cultures, an effect that was not observed in autapses. Taken together, we conclude that Doc2c and Syt-7 do not affect spontaneous release of glutamate in hippocampal neurons, while our results suggest a possible regulatory role of rabphilin-3a in neuronal networks. These findings importantly narrow down the repertoire of synaptic Ca2+ sensors that may be implicated in the spontaneous release of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bourgeois-Jaarsma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pablo Miaja Hernandez
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Groffen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Ewanchuk BW, Arnold CR, Balce DR, Premnath P, Orsetti TL, Warren AL, Olsen A, Krawetz RJ, Yates RM. A non-immunological role for γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) in osteoclastic bone resorption. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/17/eabd3684. [PMID: 33893096 PMCID: PMC8064644 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular bone resorbing lacuna of the osteoclast shares many characteristics with the degradative lysosome of antigen-presenting cells. γ-Interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) enhances antigen processing within lysosomes through direct reduction of antigen disulfides and maintenance of cysteine protease activity. In this study, we found the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL drove expression of GILT in osteoclast precursors in a STAT1-dependent manner, resulting in high levels of GILT in mature osteoclasts, which could be further augmented by γ-interferon. GILT colocalized with the collagen-degrading cysteine protease, cathepsin K, suggesting a role for GILT inside the osteoclastic resorption lacuna. GILT-deficient osteoclasts had reduced bone-resorbing capacity, resulting in impaired bone turnover and an osteopetrotic phenotype in GILT-deficient mice. We demonstrated that GILT could directly reduce the noncollagenous bone matrix protein SPARC, and additionally, enhance collagen degradation by cathepsin K. Together, this work describes a previously unidentified, non-immunological role for GILT in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Corey R Arnold
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tanis L Orsetti
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amy L Warren
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Olsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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24
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Function of Drosophila Synaptotagmins in membrane trafficking at synapses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4335-4364. [PMID: 33619613 PMCID: PMC8164606 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Synaptotagmin (SYT) family of proteins play key roles in regulating membrane trafficking at neuronal synapses. Using both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent interactions, several SYT isoforms participate in synchronous and asynchronous fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) while preventing spontaneous release that occurs in the absence of stimulation. Changes in the function or abundance of the SYT1 and SYT7 isoforms alter the number and route by which SVs fuse at nerve terminals. Several SYT family members also regulate trafficking of other subcellular organelles at synapses, including dense core vesicles (DCV), exosomes, and postsynaptic vesicles. Although SYTs are linked to trafficking of multiple classes of synaptic membrane compartments, how and when they interact with lipids, the SNARE machinery and other release effectors are still being elucidated. Given mutations in the SYT family cause disorders in both the central and peripheral nervous system in humans, ongoing efforts are defining how these proteins regulate vesicle trafficking within distinct neuronal compartments. Here, we review the Drosophila SYT family and examine their role in synaptic communication. Studies in this invertebrate model have revealed key similarities and several differences with the predicted activity of their mammalian counterparts. In addition, we highlight the remaining areas of uncertainty in the field and describe outstanding questions on how the SYT family regulates membrane trafficking at nerve terminals.
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25
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Matuszewski A, Łukasiewicz M, Niemiec J, Jaworski S, Kamaszewski M, Szudrowicz H, Puppel K, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effect of in ovo application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on chicken embryo development, oxidative status and bone characteristics. Arch Anim Nutr 2020; 74:343-361. [PMID: 32940083 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2020.1803033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intensive selection in modern lines of fast-growing chickens has caused several skeletal disorders. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bones of birds. A new potential solution is in ovo technology using nanoparticles with a high specificity for the bone tissue. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NP) in different concentrations (50, 100 and 500 μg/ml colloids) on chicken embryo development, with a particular focus on the oxidative status and bone characteristics of the embryo. The results showed that in ovo treatment with HA-NP did not negatively affect hatchability and body weight. However, bone weight was reduced in 500 μg/ml group. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and crude ash were not affected. The modulatory effect of HA-NP was observed on the basis of antioxidative markers - superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde in serum and selected tissues. Glutathione concentration in serum suggested higher metabolic stress. Among bone turnover markers, the concentration of osteocalcin was found to be significantly affected by HA-NP injection. Thus, the in ovo application of HA-NP could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis but these changes were not reflected in embryo growth and even slowed down bone development. Nevertheless, the question for the follow-up research is whether in ovo administration of HA-NP would affect the antioxidative status and bone turnover resulting in improved bone conditions and body gain in post hatch chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Matuszewski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Łukasiewicz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Szudrowicz
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Department of Animal Breeding and Production, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Lysosomal Exocytosis: The Extracellular Role of an Intracellular Organelle. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120406. [PMID: 33316913 PMCID: PMC7764620 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic cell compartments containing a large set of hydrolytic enzymes. These lysosomal hydrolases degrade proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids into their constituents. Materials to be degraded can reach lysosomes either from inside the cell, by autophagy, or from outside the cell, by different forms of endocytosis. In addition to their degradative functions, lysosomes are also able to extracellularly release their contents by lysosomal exocytosis. These organelles move from the perinuclear region along microtubules towards the proximity of the plasma membrane, then the lysosomal and plasma membrane fuse together via a Ca2+-dependent process. The fusion of the lysosomal membrane with plasma membrane plays an important role in plasma membrane repair, while the secretion of lysosomal content is relevant for the remodelling of extracellular matrix and release of functional substrates. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, share as a pathological feature the accumulation of undigested material within organelles of the endolysosomal system. Recent studies suggest that lysosomal exocytosis stimulation may have beneficial effects on the accumulation of these unprocessed aggregates, leading to their extracellular elimination. However, many details of the molecular machinery required for lysosomal exocytosis are only beginning to be unravelled. Here, we are going to review the current literature on molecular mechanisms and biological functions underlying lysosomal exocytosis, to shed light on the potential of lysosomal exocytosis stimulation as a therapeutic approach.
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Aesculetin Inhibits Osteoclastic Bone Resorption through Blocking Ruffled Border Formation and Lysosomal Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228581. [PMID: 33203061 PMCID: PMC7696459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the optimal resorption of mineralized bone matrix, osteoclasts require the generation of the ruffled border and acidic resorption lacuna through lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis. Coumarin-type aesculetin is a naturally occurring compound with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the direct effects of aesculetin on osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated. This study found that aesculetin inhibited osteoclast activation and bone resorption through blocking formation and exocytosis of lysosomes. Raw 264.7 cells were differentiated in the presence of 50 ng/mL receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and treated with 1–10 μM aesculetin. Differentiation, bone resorption, and lysosome biogenesis of osteoclasts were determined by tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, bone resorption assay, Western blotting, immunocytochemical analysis, and LysoTracker staining. Aesculetin inhibited RANKL-induced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts with a reduction of TRAP activity. Micromolar aesculetin deterred the actin ring formation through inhibition of induction of αvβ3 integrin and Cdc42 but not cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in RANKL-exposed osteoclasts. Administering aesculetin to RANKL-exposed osteoclasts attenuated the induction of autophagy-related proteins, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, and small GTPase Rab7, hampering the lysosomal trafficking onto ruffled border crucial for bone resorption. In addition, aesculetin curtailed cellular induction of Pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein family member 1 and lissencephaly-1 involved in lysosome positioning to microtubules involved in the lysosomal transport within mature osteoclasts. These results demonstrate that aesculetin retarded osteoclast differentiation and impaired lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis for the formation of the putative ruffled border. Therefore, aesculetin may be a potential osteoprotective agent targeting RANKL-induced osteoclastic born resorption for medicinal use.
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28
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Guan Z, Quiñones-Frías MC, Akbergenova Y, Littleton JT. Drosophila Synaptotagmin 7 negatively regulates synaptic vesicle release and replenishment in a dosage-dependent manner. eLife 2020; 9:e55443. [PMID: 32343229 PMCID: PMC7224696 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronous neurotransmitter release is triggered by Ca2+ binding to the synaptic vesicle protein Synaptotagmin 1, while asynchronous fusion and short-term facilitation is hypothesized to be mediated by plasma membrane-localized Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7). We generated mutations in Drosophila Syt7 to determine if it plays a conserved role as the Ca2+ sensor for these processes. Electrophysiology and quantal imaging revealed evoked release was elevated 2-fold. Syt7 mutants also had a larger pool of readily-releasable vesicles, faster recovery following stimulation, and intact facilitation. Syt1/Syt7 double mutants displayed more release than Syt1 mutants alone, indicating SYT7 does not mediate the residual asynchronous release remaining in the absence of SYT1. SYT7 localizes to an internal membrane tubular network within the peri-active zone, but does not enrich at active zones. These findings indicate the two Ca2+ sensor model of SYT1 and SYT7 mediating all phases of neurotransmitter release and facilitation is not applicable at Drosophila synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Guan
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Monica C Quiñones-Frías
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yulia Akbergenova
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - J Troy Littleton
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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29
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Geng YM, Liu CX, Lu WY, Liu P, Yuan PY, Liu WL, Xu PP, Shen XQ. LAPTM5 is transactivated by RUNX2 and involved in RANKL trafficking in osteoblastic cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4193-4201. [PMID: 31545469 PMCID: PMC6797998 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5 (LAPTM5) in osteoclast differentiation induced by osteoblasts. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of LAPTM5 were downregulated following runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) silencing and upregulated following RUNX2 overexpression in ST2 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis identified the binding of RUNX2 to the LAPTM5 promoter at the −1176 to −1171 position. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that RUNX2 directly activated the LAPTM5 gene. The concentration of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) protein in the cytoplasm and in the media was significantly increased following LAPTM5 knockdown. LAPTM5 silencing in ST2 cells enhanced osteoclastic differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. The present study indicated that expression of LAPTM5 was regulated by the interaction of RUNX2 with its promoter region and that LAPTM5 was involved in the trafficking of RANKL. These findings suggested a possible coupling mechanism between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in which RUNX2 may be involved in osteoclast differentiation through the regulation of the lysosome-associated genes that modulate RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xia Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ying Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yan Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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30
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Mo LY, Jia XY, Liu CC, Zhou XD, Xu X. [Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontitis]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:422-427. [PMID: 31512838 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues initiated by oral biofilm. Cellular autophagy is an effective weapon against bacterial infection. Recent studies have shown that autophagy not only promotes the removal of bacteria and toxins from infected cells, but also helps to suppress the inflammatory response to maintain the homeostasis of intracellular environment, which is closely related to the development of periodontitis. Here, we reviewed the relationship between autophagy and periodontitis from three aspects: the interactions between autophagy and periodontal pathogen infection, the regulation of autophagy and immune inflammatory responses, and the relationship between autophagy and alveolar bone metabolism. We aim to provide ideas for further study on the mechanisms of autophagy and periodontitis, and ultimately contribute to a better prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Membrane trafficking in osteoclasts and implications for osteoporosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:639-650. [PMID: 30837319 PMCID: PMC6490703 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells exquisitely adapted to resorb bone matrix. Like other eukaryotes, osteoclasts possess an elaborate ensemble of intracellular organelles through which solutes, proteins and other macromolecules are trafficked to their target destinations via membrane-bound intermediaries. During bone resorption, membrane trafficking must be tightly regulated to sustain the structural and functional polarity of the osteoclasts’ membrane domains. Of these, the ruffled border (RB) is most characteristic, functioning as the osteoclasts' secretory apparatus. This highly convoluted organelle is classically considered to be formed by the targeted fusion of acidic vesicles with the bone-facing plasma membrane. Emerging findings disclose new evidence that the RB is far more complex than previously envisaged, possessing discrete subdomains that are serviced by several intersecting endocytic, secretory, transcytotic and autophagic pathways. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts therefore serve as a unique model system for studying polarized membrane trafficking. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy together with the convergence of genetic and cell biological studies in humans and in mice have helped illuminate the major membrane trafficking pathways in osteoclasts and unmask the core molecular machinery that governs these distinct vesicle transport routes. Among these, small Rab GTPases, their binding partners and members of the endocytic sorting nexin family have emerged as critical regulators. This mini review summarizes our current understanding of membrane trafficking in osteoclasts, the key molecular participants, and discusses how these transport machinery may be exploited for the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders of bone-like osteoporosis.
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32
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Xu X, Hirata H, Shiraki M, Kamohara A, Nishioka K, Miyamoto H, Kukita T, Kukita A. Prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 is induced by activation of osteoclasts and regulates bone resorption. FASEB J 2018; 33:4365-4375. [PMID: 30557043 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801573r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts derived from hematopoietic cells are activated on bone surface. To resorb bone, osteoclasts release acid and lysosome acid hydrolase via membrane transport. Prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (Pmepa1) is a type I transmembrane protein that regulates proliferation, migration, and metastasis of cancer cells. Because recent reports showed that Pmepa1 is involved in membrane transport in cancer cells, we investigated the role of Pmepa1 in osteoclast function. Pmepa1 expression was barely detected in osteoclasts formed on plastic surfaces in vitro, but was markedly increased in activated osteoclasts formed on calcified matrix. Inhibitors of bone resorption, such as alendronate, bafilomycin A1, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, suppressed the expression of Pmepa1 in osteoclasts. Knockdown of Pmepa1 expression impaired bone resorption activity and inhibited formation of a ring-like, actin-rich podosome belt that is essential for osteoclast function. Pmepa1 protein localized to lysosomes in osteoclasts. In addition, in sites of bone destruction observed in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis, a marked high level of Pmepa1 expression was associated with the osteoclasts' resorbing bone. Our results suggest that Pmepa1 is a critical regulator of bone resorption and is a promising marker for activated osteoclasts and a potential therapeutic target in pathologic bone destruction.-Xu, X., Hirata, H., Shiraki, M., Kamohara, A., Nishioka, K., Miyamoto, H., Kukita, T., Kukita, A. Prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 is induced by activation of osteoclasts and regulates bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Xu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Asana Kamohara
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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33
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exocytosis in the Salivary Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3208. [PMID: 30336591 PMCID: PMC6214078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, salivary glands produce about 0.5 to 1.5 L of saliva, which contains salivary proteins that are essential for oral health. The contents of saliva, 0.3% proteins (1.5 to 4.5 g) in fluid, help prevent oral infections, provide lubrication, aid digestion, and maintain oral health. Acinar cells in the lobular salivary glands secrete prepackaged secretory granules that contain salivary components such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins. Despite the important physiological functions of salivary proteins, we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms of their secretion via exocytosis, which is a process essential for the secretion of functional proteins, not only in salivary glands, but also in other secretory organs, including lacrimal and mammary glands, the pancreas, and prostate. In this review, we discuss recent findings that elucidate exocytosis by exocrine glands, especially focusing on the salivary glands, in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Program of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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34
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Dawodu D, Patecki M, Hegermann J, Dumler I, Haller H, Kiyan Y. oxLDL inhibits differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts via scavenger receptor-A mediated autophagy and cathepsin K secretion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11604. [PMID: 30072716 PMCID: PMC6072764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorptive activity of osteoclasts is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. Endogenous compounds such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) have been shown to disturb this activity. While some studies have investigated the effects of oxLDL on the process of osteoclastogenesis, the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. We show here that oxLDL concentrations of ~10-25 µg protein (0.43-1.0 µM MDA/mg protein) completely blocked the formation of functional osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism implies an inhibition of autophagy that in turn leads to a decreased fusion of cathepsin K (CatK)-loaded lysosomal vesicles with the ruffled border membrane. As result, a lower secretion of CatK and impaired protonation of the resorption lacunae by vacuolar-ATPase (v-ATPase) is observed in the presence of oxLDL. We demonstrate that scavenger receptor A (SR-A) mediates oxLDL effects on osteoclastogenesis and repressing this receptor partially rescued oxLDL effects. Collectively, our data provides an insight into the possible mechanism of oxLDL on osteoclastogenesis suggesting that it does not perturb the packaging of CatK and v-ATPase (V-a3) in the secretory lysosome, but inhibits the fusion of these lysosomes to the ruffled border. The relevance of our findings suggests a distinct link between oxLDL, autophagy and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Dawodu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margret Patecki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inna Dumler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yulia Kiyan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Rohatgi N, Veis DJ, Schilling J, Teitelbaum SL, Zou W. PGC1β Organizes the Osteoclast Cytoskeleton by Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activation. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1114-1125. [PMID: 29521005 PMCID: PMC6002881 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are mitochondria-rich cells, but the role of these energy-producing organelles in bone resorption is poorly defined. To this end, we conditionally deleted the mitochondria-inducing co-activator, PGC1β, in myeloid lineage cells to generate PGC1βLysM mice. In contrast to previous reports, PGC1β-deficient macrophages differentiate normally into osteoclasts albeit with impaired resorptive function due to cytoskeletal disorganization. Consequently, bone mass of PGC1βLysM mice is double that of wild type. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function are diminished in PGC1βLysM osteoclasts. All abnormalities are normalized by PGC1β transduction. Furthermore, OXPHOS inhibitors reproduce the phenotype of PGC1β deletion. PGC1β's organization of the osteoclast cytoskeleton is mediated by expression of GIT1, which also promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, osteoclast mitochondria regulate the cell's resorptive activity by promoting cytoskeletal organization. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Joel Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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36
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MacDougall DD, Lin Z, Chon NL, Jackman SL, Lin H, Knight JD, Anantharam A. The high-affinity calcium sensor synaptotagmin-7 serves multiple roles in regulated exocytosis. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:783-807. [PMID: 29794152 PMCID: PMC5987875 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MacDougall et al. review the structure and function of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin-7 in exocytosis. Synaptotagmin (Syt) proteins comprise a 17-member family, many of which trigger exocytosis in response to calcium. Historically, most studies have focused on the isoform Syt-1, which serves as the primary calcium sensor in synchronous neurotransmitter release. Recently, Syt-7 has become a topic of broad interest because of its extreme calcium sensitivity and diversity of roles in a wide range of cell types. Here, we review the known and emerging roles of Syt-7 in various contexts and stress the importance of its actions. Unique functions of Syt-7 are discussed in light of recent imaging, electrophysiological, and computational studies. Particular emphasis is placed on Syt-7–dependent regulation of synaptic transmission and neuroendocrine cell secretion. Finally, based on biochemical and structural data, we propose a mechanism to link Syt-7’s role in membrane fusion with its role in subsequent fusion pore expansion via strong calcium-dependent phospholipid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zesen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nara L Chon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Skyler L Jackman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | | | - Arun Anantharam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Choi H, Srikanth S, Atti E, Pirih FQ, Nervina JM, Gwack Y, Tetradis S. Deletion of Orai1 leads to bone loss aggravated with aging and impairs function of osteoblast lineage cells. Bone Rep 2018; 8:147-155. [PMID: 29955633 PMCID: PMC6020256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast lineage cells, a group of cells including mesenchymal progenitors, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, are tightly controlled for differentiation, proliferation and stage-specific functions in processes of skeletal development, growth and maintenance. Recently, the plasma membrane calcium channel Orai1 was highlighted for its role in skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. Yet the roles of Orai1 in osteoblast lineage cells at various stages of maturation have not been investigated. Herein we report the severe bone loss that occurred in Orai1−/− mice, aggravated by aging, as shown by the microcomputed tomography (mCT) and bone histomorphometry analysis of 8-week and 12-week old Orai1−/− mice and sex-matched WT littermates. We also report that Orai1 deficiency affected the differentiation, proliferation, and type I collagen secretion of primary calvarial osteoblasts, mesenchymal progenitors, and osteocytes in Orai1−/− mice; specifically, our study revealed a significant decrease in the expression of osteocytic genes Fgf23, DMP1 and Phex in the cortical long bone of Orai1−/− mice; a defective cellular and nuclear morphology of Orai1−/− osteocytes; and defective osteogenic differentiation of Orai1−/− primary calvarial osteoblasts (pOBs), including a decrease in extracellular-secretion of type I collagen. An increase in the mesenchymal progenitor population of Orai1−/− bone marrow cells was indicated by a colony forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F) assay, and the increased proliferation of Orai1−/− pOBs was indicated by an MTT assay. Notably, Orai1 deficiency reduced the nuclear localization and transcription activity of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell c1 (NFATc1), a calcium-regulated transcription factor, in pOBs. Altogether, our study demonstrated the crucial role of Orai1 in bone development and maintenance, via its diverse effects on osteoblast lineage cells from mesenchymal progenitors to osteocytes. Severe bone loss in adult Orai1-/- mice was aggravated by aging. Orai1 deficiency affected function, differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast lineage cells, from mesenchymal progenitors to and osteocytes. Orai1 deficiency reduced the nuclear localization and transcription activity of NFATc1, a calcium-regulated transcription factor, in primary calvarial osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, United States
| | - Elisa Atti
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Jeanne M Nervina
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, United States
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
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Chen W, Zhu G, Jules J, Nguyen D, Li YP. Monocyte-Specific Knockout of C/ebpα Results in Osteopetrosis Phenotype, Blocks Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice, and Reveals an Important Function of C/ebpα in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:691-703. [PMID: 29149533 PMCID: PMC6240465 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα) is critical for osteoclastogenesis by regulating osteoclast (OC) lineage commitment and is also important for OC differentiation and function in vitro. However, the role of C/ebpα in postnatal skeletal development has not been reported owing to lethality in C/ebpα-/- mice from hypoglycemia within 8 hours after birth. Herein, we generated conditional knockout mice by deleting the C/ebpα gene in monocyte via LysM-Cre to examine its role in OC differentiation and function. C/ebpαf/f LysM-Cre mice exhibited postnatal osteopetrosis due to impaired osteoclastogenesis, OC lineage priming defects, as well as defective OC differentiation and activity. Furthermore, our ex vivo analysis demonstrated that C/ebpα conditional deletion significantly reduced OC differentiation, maturation, and activity while mildly repressing macrophage development. At the molecular level, C/ebpα deficiency significantly suppresses the expressions of OC genes associated with early stages of osteoclastogenesis as well as genes associated with OC differentiation and activity. We also identified numerous C/ebpα critical cis-regulatory elements on the Cathepsin K promoter that allow C/ebpα to significantly upregulate Cathepsin K expression during OC differentiation and activity. In pathologically induced mouse model of osteoporosis, C/ebpα deficiency can protect mice against ovariectomy-induced bone loss, uncovering a central role for C/ebpα in osteolytic diseases. Collectively, our findings have further established C/ebpα as a promising therapeutic target for bone loss by concurrently targeting OC lineage priming, differentiation, and activity. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Joel Jules
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Diep Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Chen W, Zhu G, Tang J, Zhou HD, Li YP. C/ebpα controls osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, function, and postnatal bone homeostasis through direct regulation of Nfatc1. J Pathol 2018; 244:271-282. [PMID: 29083488 PMCID: PMC6240466 DOI: 10.1002/path.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast lineage commitment and differentiation have been studied extensively, although the mechanism by which transcription factor(s) control osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function remains unclear. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα) has been reported to be a key regulator of osteoclast cell lineage commitment, yet C/ebpα's roles in osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation and function, and bone homeostasis, under physiological or pathological conditions, have not been studied because newborn C/ebpα-null mice die within several hours after birth. Furthermore, the function of C/ebpα in osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function is largely unknown. Herein, we generated and analyzed an osteoclast-specific C/ebpα conditional knockout (CKO) mouse model via Ctsk-Cre mice and found that C/ebpα-deficient mice exhibited a severe osteopetrosis phenotype due to impaired osteoclast terminal differentiation, activation, and function, including mildly reduced osteoclast number, impaired osteoclast polarization, actin formation, and bone resorption, which demonstrated the novel function of C/ebpα in cell function and terminal differentiation. Interestingly, C/ebpα deficiency did not affect bone formation or monocyte/macrophage development. Our results further demonstrated that C/ebpα deficiency suppressed the expression of osteoclast functional genes, e.g. encoding cathepsin K (Ctsk), Atp6i (Tcirg1), and osteoclast regulator genes, e.g. encoding c-fos (Fos), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (Nfatc1), while having no effect on Pu.1 (Spi1) expression. Promoter activity mapping and ChIP assay defined the critical cis-regulatory element (CCRE) in the promoter region of Nfatc1, and also showed that the CCREs were directly associated with C/ebpα, which enhanced the promoter's activity. The deficiency of C/ebpα in osteoclasts completely blocked ovariectomy-induced bone loss, indicating that C/ebpα is a promising new target for the treatment of osteolytic diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham , Alabama 35294-2182, United States of America,Correspondence to: Yi-Ping Li, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA, Tel: 205-975-2606, Fax: 205-975-4919, and Wei Chen, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 815, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA, Tel: 205-975-2605, Fax: 205-975-4919,
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham , Alabama 35294-2182, United States of America
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham , Alabama 35294-2182, United States of America
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham , Alabama 35294-2182, United States of America,Correspondence to: Yi-Ping Li, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA, Tel: 205-975-2606, Fax: 205-975-4919, and Wei Chen, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 815, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA, Tel: 205-975-2605, Fax: 205-975-4919,
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41
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Teitelbaum SL. Therapeutic implications of suppressing osteoclast formation versus function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 55:ii61-ii63. [PMID: 27856662 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-resorptive therapy is the principal means of treating osteoporotic disorders. The two families of presently available anti-resorptive drugs, namely bisphosphonates and denosumab, dampen activity of osteoclasts by reducing their number. In consequence, these agents also arrest bone remodelling eventuating suppressed formation as well as resorption. Evidence exists that osteoclasts recruit osteoblasts to sites of bone remodelling by mobilizing chemotactic proteins from matrix and direct secretion of such proteins that attract osteoblast precursors. Thus, anti-resorptive agents, such as the cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib, that dampen osteoclast function but not number may also preserve osteoblast recruitment by preserving the bone resorptive cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Teitelbaum
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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42
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Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL. Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2030-2039. [PMID: 28569732 DOI: 10.1172/jci93356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many causes of inflammatory osteolysis, but regardless of etiology and cellular contexts, the osteoclast is the bone-degrading cell. Thus, the impact of inflammatory cytokines on osteoclast formation and function was among the most important discoveries advancing the treatment of focal osteolysis, leading to development of therapeutic agents that either directly block the bone-resorptive cell or do so indirectly via cytokine arrest. Despite these advances, a substantial number of patients with inflammatory arthritis remain resistant to current therapies, and even effective anti-inflammatory drugs frequently do not repair damaged bone. Thus, insights into events such as those impacted by inflammasomes, which signal through cytokine-dependent and -independent mechanisms, are needed to optimize treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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43
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Actin-binding protein coronin 1A controls osteoclastic bone resorption by regulating lysosomal secretion of cathepsin K. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41710. [PMID: 28300073 PMCID: PMC5353622 DOI: 10.1038/srep41710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix proteins via the secretion of lysosomal enzymes. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal components are transported and fused to the bone-apposed plasma membrane, termed ruffled border membrane, remain elusive. Here, we identified coronin 1A as a negative regulator of exocytotic release of cathepsin K, one of the most important bone-degrading enzymes in osteoclasts. The modulation of coronin 1A expression did not alter osteoclast differentiation and extracellular acidification, but strongly affected the secretion of cathepsin K and osteoclast bone-resorption activity, suggesting the coronin 1A-mediated regulation of lysosomal trafficking and protease exocytosis. Further analyses suggested that coronin 1A prevented the lipidation-mediated sorting of the autophagy-related protein LC3 to the ruffled border and attenuated lysosome-plasma membrane fusion. In this process, the interactions between coronin 1A and actin were crucial. Collectively, our findings indicate that coronin 1A is a pivotal component that regulates lysosomal fusion and the secretion pathway in osteoclast-lineage cells and may provide a novel therapeutic target for bone diseases.
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Gα13 negatively controls osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-NFATc1 signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13700. [PMID: 28102206 PMCID: PMC5253683 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many positive signalling pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been characterized, but negative signalling pathways are less well studied. Here we show by microarray and RNAi that guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α13 (Gα13) is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast-lineage-specific Gna13 conditional knockout mice have a severe osteoporosis phenotype. Gna13-deficiency triggers a drastic increase in both osteoclast number and activity (hyper-activation), mechanistically through decreased RhoA activity and enhanced Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling. Consistently, Akt inhibition or RhoA activation rescues hyper-activation of Gna13-deficient osteoclasts, and RhoA inhibition mimics the osteoclast hyperactivation resulting from Gna13-deficiency. Notably, Gα13 gain-of-function inhibits Akt activation and osteoclastogenesis, and protects mice from pathological bone loss in disease models. Collectively, we reveal that Gα13 is a master endogenous negative switch for osteoclastogenesis through regulation of the RhoA/Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling pathway, and that manipulating Gα13 activity might be a therapeutic strategy for bone diseases.
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45
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Ye S, Fujiwara T, Zhou J, Varughese KI, Zhao H. LIS1 Regulates Osteoclastogenesis through Modulation of M-SCF and RANKL Signaling Pathways and CDC42. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1488-1499. [PMID: 27994513 PMCID: PMC5166490 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that depletion of LIS1, a key regulator of microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein motor complex, in osteoclast precursor cells by shRNAs attenuates osteoclastogenesis in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we show that conditional deletion of LIS1 in osteoclast progenitors in mice led to increased bone mass and decreased osteoclast number on trabecular bone. In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that loss of LIS1 had little effects on cell cycle progression but accelerated apoptosis of osteoclast precursor cells. Furthermore, deletion of LIS1 prevented prolonged activation of ERK by M-CSF and aberrantly enhanced prolonged JNK activation stimulated by RANKL. Finally, lack of LIS1 abrogated M-CSF and RANKL induced CDC42 activation and retroviral transduction of a constitutively active form of CDC42 partially rescued osteoclastogenesis in LIS1-deficient macrophages. Therefore, these data identify a key role of LIS1 in regulation of cell survival of osteoclast progenitors by modulating M-CSF and RANKL induced signaling pathways and CDC42 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA;; Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Kottayil I Varughese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA;; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Fujiwara T, Ye S, Castro-Gomes T, Winchell CG, Andrews NW, Voth DE, Varughese KI, Mackintosh SG, Feng Y, Pavlos N, Nakamura T, Manolagas SC, Zhao H. PLEKHM1/DEF8/RAB7 complex regulates lysosome positioning and bone homeostasis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86330. [PMID: 27777970 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Plekhm1 gene in humans and rats cause osteopetrosis, an inherited bone disease characterized by diminished bone resorption by osteoclasts. PLEKHM1 binds to RAB7 and is critical for lysosome trafficking. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PLEKHM1 regulates lysosomal pathways remain unknown. Here, we generated germline and conditional Plekhm1-deficient mice. These mice displayed no overt abnormalities in major organs, except for an increase in trabecular bone mass. Furthermore, loss of PLEKHM1 abrogated the peripheral distribution of lysosomes and bone resorption in osteoclasts. Mechanistically, we indicated that DEF8 interacts with PLEKHM1 and promotes its binding to RAB7, whereas the binding of FAM98A and NDEL1 with PLEKHM1 connects lysosomes to microtubules. Importantly, suppression of these proteins results in lysosome positioning and bone resorption defects similar to those of Plekhm1-null osteoclasts. Thus, PLHKEM1, DEF8, FAM98A, and NDEL1 constitute a molecular complex that regulates lysosome positioning and secretion through RAB7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yunfeng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nathan Pavlos
- Center for Orthopedic Research, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry & Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and
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47
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Puissant E, Boonen M. Monocytes/Macrophages Upregulate the Hyaluronidase HYAL1 and Adapt Its Subcellular Trafficking to Promote Extracellular Residency upon Differentiation into Osteoclasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165004. [PMID: 27755597 PMCID: PMC5068775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant bone-resorbing cells originating from monocytes/macrophages. During their differentiation, they overexpress two lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin K and TRAP, which are secreted into the resorption lacuna, an acidified sealed area in contact with bone matrix where bone degradation takes place. Here we report that the acid hydrolase HYAL1, a hyaluronidase able to degrade the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate, is also upregulated upon osteoclastogenesis. The mRNA expression and protein level of HYAL1 are markedly increased in osteoclasts differentiated from RAW264.7 mouse macrophages or primary mouse bone marrow monocytes compared to these precursor cells. As a result, the HYAL1-mediated HA hydrolysis ability of osteoclasts is strongly enhanced. Using subcellular fractionation, we demonstrate that HYAL1 proteins are sorted to the osteoclast lysosomes even though, in contrast to cathepsin K and TRAP, HYAL1 is poorly mannose 6-phosphorylated. We reported previously that macrophages secrete HYAL1 proforms by constitutive secretion, and that these are recaptured by the cell surface mannose receptor, processed in endosomes and sorted to lysosomes. Present work highlights that osteoclasts secrete HYAL1 in two ways, through lysosomal exocytosis and constitutive secretion, and that these cells promote the extracellular residency of HYAL1 through downregulation of the mannose receptor. Interestingly, the expression of the other main hyaluronidase, HYAL2, and of lysosomal exoglycosidases involved in HA degradation, does not increase similarly to HYAL1 upon osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, these findings point out the predominant involvement of HYAL1 in bone HA metabolism and perhaps bone remodeling via the resorption lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Puissant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique - URPhyM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marielle Boonen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique - URPhyM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Multiple Regions Associated with Head Size in Catfish. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3389-3398. [PMID: 27558670 PMCID: PMC5068958 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.032201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skull morphology is fundamental to evolution and the biological adaptation of species to their environments. With aquaculture fish species, head size is also important for economic reasons because it has a direct impact on fillet yield. However, little is known about the underlying genetic basis of head size. Catfish is the primary aquaculture species in the United States. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study using the catfish 250K SNP array with backcross hybrid catfish to map the QTL for head size (head length, head width, and head depth). One significantly associated region on linkage group (LG) 7 was identified for head length. In addition, LGs 7, 9, and 16 contain suggestively associated regions for head length. For head width, significantly associated regions were found on LG9, and additional suggestively associated regions were identified on LGs 5 and 7. No region was found associated with head depth. Head size genetic loci were mapped in catfish to genomic regions with candidate genes involved in bone development. Comparative analysis indicated that homologs of several candidate genes are also involved in skull morphology in various other species ranging from amphibian to mammalian species, suggesting possible evolutionary conservation of those genes in the control of skull morphologies.
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Duan X, Liu J, Zheng X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Yang T, Deng H. Deficiency of ATP6V1H Causes Bone Loss by Inhibiting Bone Resorption and Bone Formation through the TGF-β1 Pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2183-2195. [PMID: 27924156 PMCID: PMC5135442 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved, ancient enzyme that couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across vesicular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. Previously reported mutations of various V-ATPase subunits are associated with increased bone density. We now show that haploinsufficiency for the H subunit of the V1 domain (ATP6V1H) is associated with osteoporosis in humans and mice. A genome-wide SNP array analysis of 1625 Han Chinese found that 4 of 15 tag SNPs (26.7%) within ATP6V1H were significantly associated with low spine bone mineral density. Atp6v1h+/- knockout mice generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique had decreased bone remodeling and a net bone matrix loss. Atp6v1h+/- osteoclasts showed impaired bone formation and increased bone resorption. The increased intracellular pH of Atp6v1h+/- osteoclasts downregulated TGF-β1 activation, thereby reducing induction of osteoblast formation but the bone mineralization was not altered. However, bone formation was reduced more than bone resorption. Our data provide evidence that partial loss of ATP6V1H function results in osteoporosis/osteopenia. We propose that defective osteoclast formation triggers impaired bone formation by altering bone remodeling. In the future, ATP6V1H might, therefore, serve as a target for the therapy of osteoporosis.
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50
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Soysa NS, Alles N. Osteoclast function and bone-resorbing activity: An overview. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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