1
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Sumanas S. Endocardium gives rise to blood cells in zebrafish embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113736. [PMID: 38308842 PMCID: PMC10993658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the endocardium contributes to hematopoiesis in murine embryos, although definitive evidence to demonstrate the hematopoietic potential of the endocardium is still missing. Here, we use a zebrafish embryonic model to test the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors from the endocardium. By using a combination of expression analysis, time-lapse imaging, and lineage-tracing approaches, we demonstrate that myeloid cells emerge from the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Etv2/Etsrp or Scl/Tal1, two known master regulators of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, does not affect the emergence of endocardial-derived myeloid cells, while inhibition of Hedgehog signaling results in their reduction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis followed by experimental validation suggests that the endocardium is the major source of neutrophilic granulocytes. These findings will promote our understanding of alternative mechanisms involved in hematopoiesis, which are likely to be conserved between zebrafish and mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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2
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal’s distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
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3
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Bozzer S, De Maso L, Grimaldi MC, Capolla S, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G, Macor P. Zebrafish: A Useful Animal Model for the Characterization of Drug-Loaded Polymeric NPs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092252. [PMID: 36140353 PMCID: PMC9496256 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (ZF) embryos as an in vivo model is increasingly attractive thanks to different features that include easy handling, transparency, and the absence of adaptive immunity until 4–6 weeks. These factors allow the development of xenografts that can be easily analyzed through fluorescence techniques. In this work, ZF were exploited to characterize the efficiency of drug-loaded polymeric NPs as a therapeutical approach for B-cell malignancies. Fluorescent probes, fluorescent transgenic lines of ZF, or their combination allowed to deeply examine biodistribution, elimination, and therapeutic efficacy. In particular, the fluorescent signal of nanoparticles (NPs) was exploited to investigate the in vivo distribution, while the colocalization between the fluorescence in macrophages and NPs allows following the elimination pathway of these polymeric NPs. Xenotransplanted human B-cells (Nalm-6) developed a reproducible model useful for demonstrating drug delivery by polymeric NPs loaded with doxorubicin and, as a consequence, the arrest of tumor growth and the reduction in tumor burden. ZF proved to be a versatile model, able to rapidly provide answers in the development of animal models and in the characterization of the activity and the efficacy of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Luca De Maso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Sara Capolla
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (P.M.)
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4
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Mattonet K, Riemslagh FW, Guenther S, Prummel KD, Kesavan G, Hans S, Ebersberger I, Brand M, Burger A, Reischauer S, Mosimann C, Stainier DYR. Endothelial versus pronephron fate decision is modulated by the transcription factors Cloche/Npas4l, Tal1, and Lmo2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2082. [PMID: 36044573 PMCID: PMC9432843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial specification is a key event during embryogenesis; however, when, and how, endothelial cells separate from other lineages is poorly understood. In zebrafish, Npas4l is indispensable for endothelial specification by inducing the expression of the transcription factor genes etsrp, tal1, and lmo2. We generated a knock-in reporter in zebrafish npas4l to visualize endothelial progenitors and their derivatives in wild-type and mutant embryos. Unexpectedly, we find that in npas4l mutants, npas4l reporter-expressing cells contribute to the pronephron tubules. Single-cell transcriptomics and live imaging of the early lateral plate mesoderm in wild-type embryos indeed reveals coexpression of endothelial and pronephron markers, a finding confirmed by creERT2-based lineage tracing. Increased contribution of npas4l reporter-expressing cells to pronephron tubules is also observed in tal1 and lmo2 mutants and is reversed in npas4l mutants injected with tal1 mRNA. Together, these data reveal that Npas4l/Tal1/Lmo2 regulate the fate decision between the endothelial and pronephron lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Fréderike W. Riemslagh
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Karin D. Prummel
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (S-BIKF), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexa Burger
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) Inhibits Premature Granulocytic Development in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073833. [PMID: 35409193 PMCID: PMC8998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is tightly regulated during hematopoiesis. Recent studies have suggested that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter proximal pausing, a temporary stalling downstream of the promoter region after initiation, plays a critical role in regulating the expression of various genes in metazoans. However, the function of proximal pausing in hematopoietic gene regulation remains largely unknown. The negative elongation factor (NELF) complex is a key factor important for this proximal pausing. Previous studies have suggested that NELF regulates granulocytic differentiation in vitro, but its in vivo function during hematopoiesis remains uncharacterized. Here, we generated the zebrafish mutant for one NELF complex subunit Nelfb using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We found that the loss of nelfb selectively induced excessive granulocytic development during primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. The loss of nelfb reduced hematopoietic progenitor cell formation and did not affect erythroid development. Moreover, the accelerated granulocytic differentiation and reduced progenitor cell development could be reversed by inhibiting Pol II elongation. Further experiments demonstrated that the other NELF complex subunits (Nelfa and Nelfe) played similar roles in controlling granulocytic development. Together, our studies suggested that NELF is critical in controlling the proper granulocytic development in vivo, and that promoter proximal pausing might help maintain the undifferentiated state of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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6
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van der Weele CM, Jeffery WR. Cavefish cope with environmental hypoxia by developing more erythrocytes and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes. eLife 2022; 11:69109. [PMID: 34984980 PMCID: PMC8765751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark caves lacking primary productivity can expose subterranean animals to hypoxia. We used the surface-dwelling (surface fish) and cave-dwelling (cavefish) morphs of Astyanax mexicanus as a model for understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the cave environment. Primitive hematopoiesis, which is restricted to the posterior lateral mesoderm in other teleosts, also occurs in the anterior lateral mesoderm in Astyanax, potentially pre-adapting surface fish for hypoxic cave colonization. Cavefish have enlarged both hematopoietic domains and develop more erythrocytes than surface fish, which are required for normal development in both morphs. Laboratory-induced hypoxia suppresses growth in surface fish but not in cavefish. Both morphs respond to hypoxia by overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif1) pathway genes, and some hif1 genes are constitutively upregulated in normoxic cavefish to similar levels as in hypoxic surface fish. We conclude that cavefish cope with hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte development and constitutive hif1 gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R Jeffery
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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7
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Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids provide models to study human organ development. Single-cell transcriptomics enable highly resolved descriptions of cell states within these systems; however, approaches are needed to directly measure lineage relationships. Here we establish iTracer, a lineage recorder that combines reporter barcodes with inducible CRISPR-Cas9 scarring and is compatible with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. We apply iTracer to explore clonality and lineage dynamics during cerebral organoid development and identify a time window of fate restriction as well as variation in neurogenic dynamics between progenitor neuron families. We also establish long-term four-dimensional light-sheet microscopy for spatial lineage recording in cerebral organoids and confirm regional clonality in the developing neuroepithelium. We incorporate gene perturbation (iTracer-perturb) and assess the effect of mosaic TSC2 mutations on cerebral organoid development. Our data shed light on how lineages and fates are established during cerebral organoid formation. More broadly, our techniques can be adapted in any iPSC-derived culture system to dissect lineage alterations during normal or perturbed development.
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8
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Gao S, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang H, Yuan H, Liu X, Chen S, Chen Z, de Thé H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhou J. Irf2bp2a regulates terminal granulopoiesis through proteasomal degradation of Gfi1aa in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009693. [PMID: 34351909 PMCID: PMC8370619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays important roles in various biological processes as it degrades the majority of cellular proteins. Adequate proteasomal degradation of crucial transcription regulators ensures the proper development of neutrophils. The ubiquitin E3 ligase of Growth factor independent 1 (GFI1), a key transcription repressor governing terminal granulopoiesis, remains obscure. Here we report that the deficiency of the ring finger protein Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2a (Irf2bp2a) leads to an impairment of neutrophils differentiation in zebrafish. Mechanistically, Irf2bp2a functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting Gfi1aa for proteasomal degradation. Moreover, irf2bp2a gene is repressed by Gfi1aa, thus forming a negative feedback loop between Irf2bp2a and Gfi1aa during neutrophils maturation. Different levels of GFI1 may turn it into a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in malignant myelopoiesis. Therefore, discovery of certain drug targets GFI1 for proteasomal degradation by IRF2BP2 might be an effective anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Luxiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of hematology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JZ); (JZ)
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9
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Essential role for Gata2 in modulating lineage output from hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2687-2700. [PMID: 34170285 PMCID: PMC8288679 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is tightly controlled to ensure a proper balance between myeloid and lymphoid cell output. GATA2 is a pivotal hematopoietic transcription factor required for generation and maintenance of HSCs. GATA2 is expressed throughout development, but because of early embryonic lethality in mice, its role during adult hematopoiesis is incompletely understood. Zebrafish contains 2 orthologs of GATA2: Gata2a and Gata2b, which are expressed in different cell types. We show that the mammalian functions of GATA2 are split between these orthologs. Gata2b-deficient zebrafish have a reduction in embryonic definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers, but are viable. This allows us to uniquely study the role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis. gata2b mutants have impaired myeloid lineage differentiation. Interestingly, this defect arises not in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, but in HSPCs. Gata2b-deficient HSPCs showed impaired progression of the myeloid transcriptional program, concomitant with increased coexpression of lymphoid genes. This resulted in a decrease in myeloid-programmed progenitors and a relative increase in lymphoid-programmed progenitors. This shift in the lineage output could function as an escape mechanism to avoid a block in lineage differentiation. Our study helps to deconstruct the functions of GATA2 during hematopoiesis and shows that lineage differentiation flows toward a lymphoid lineage in the absence of Gata2b.
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10
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Sharma K, Bisht K, Eyo UB. A Comparative Biology of Microglia Across Species. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652748. [PMID: 33869210 PMCID: PMC8047420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are unique brain-resident, myeloid cells. They have received growing interest for their implication in an increasing number of neurodevelopmental, acute injury, and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Fate-mapping studies establish microglial ontogeny from the periphery during development, while recent transcriptomic studies highlight microglial identity as distinct from other CNS cells and peripheral myeloid cells. This evidence for a unique microglial ontogeny and identity raises questions regarding their identity and functions across species. This review will examine the available evidence for microglia in invertebrate and vertebrate species to clarify similarities and differences in microglial identity, ontogeny, and physiology across species. This discussion highlights conserved and divergent microglial properties through evolution. Finally, we suggest several interesting research directions from an evolutionary perspective to adequately understand the significance of microglia emergence. A proper appreciation of microglia from this perspective could inform the development of specific therapies geared at targeting microglia in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Sharma
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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11
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Pak B, Schmitt CE, Choi W, Kim JD, Han O, Alsiö J, Jung DW, Williams DR, Coppieters W, Stainier DYR, Jin SW. Analyses of Avascular Mutants Reveal Unique Transcriptomic Signature of Non-conventional Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589717. [PMID: 33330468 PMCID: PMC7719722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells appear to emerge from diverse progenitors. However, to which extent their developmental origin contributes to define their cellular and molecular characteristics remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a subset of endothelial cells that emerge from the tailbud possess unique molecular characteristics that set them apart from stereotypical lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)-derived endothelial cells. Lineage tracing shows that these tailbud-derived endothelial cells arise at mid-somitogenesis stages, and surprisingly do not require Npas4l or Etsrp function, indicating that they have distinct spatiotemporal origins and are regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Microarray and single cell RNA-seq analyses reveal that somitogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated transcripts are over-represented in these tailbud-derived endothelial cells, suggesting that they possess a unique transcriptomic signature. Taken together, our results further reveal the diversity of endothelial cells with respect to their developmental origin and molecular properties, and provide compelling evidence that the molecular characteristics of endothelial cells may reflect their distinct developmental history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryeong Pak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Christopher E. Schmitt
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Woosoung Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Orjin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jessica Alsiö
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Institute of Applied Genomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B34), Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Moreira JD, Koch BEV, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Vrieling F, Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC, Heemskerk MT. Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32117228 PMCID: PMC7008710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and persistent increase of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections poses increasing global problems in combatting tuberculosis (TB), prompting for the development of alternative strategies including host-directed therapy (HDT). Since Mtb is an intracellular pathogen with a remarkable ability to manipulate host intracellular signaling pathways to escape from host defense, pharmacological reprogramming of the immune system represents a novel, potentially powerful therapeutic strategy that should be effective also against drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we found that host-pathogen interactions in Mtb-infected primary human macrophages affected host epigenetic features by modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptomic levels. In addition, broad spectrum inhibition of HDACs enhanced the antimicrobial response of both pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ2), while selective inhibition of class IIa HDACs mainly decreased bacterial outgrowth in Mϕ2. Moreover, chemical inhibition of HDAC activity during differentiation polarized macrophages into a more bactericidal phenotype with a concomitant decrease in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in vivo chemical inhibition of HDAC activity in Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish embryos, a well-characterized animal model for tuberculosis, significantly reduced mycobacterial burden, validating our in vitro findings in primary human macrophages. Collectively, these data identify HDACs as druggable host targets for HDT against intracellular Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar D Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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13
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He S, Tian Y, Feng S, Wu Y, Shen X, Chen K, He Y, Sun Q, Li X, Xu J, Wen Z, Qu JY. In vivo single-cell lineage tracing in zebrafish using high-resolution infrared laser-mediated gene induction microscopy. eLife 2020; 9:52024. [PMID: 31904340 PMCID: PMC7018510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity broadly exists in various cell types both during development and at homeostasis. Investigating heterogeneity is crucial for comprehensively understanding the complexity of ontogeny, dynamics, and function of specific cell types. Traditional bulk-labeling techniques are incompetent to dissect heterogeneity within cell population, while the new single-cell lineage tracing methodologies invented in the last decade can hardly achieve high-fidelity single-cell labeling and long-term in-vivo observation simultaneously. In this work, we developed a high-precision infrared laser-evoked gene operator heat-shock system, which uses laser-induced CreERT2 combined with loxP-DsRedx-loxP-GFP reporter to achieve precise single-cell labeling and tracing. In vivo study indicated that this system can precisely label single cell in brain, muscle and hematopoietic system in zebrafish embryo. Using this system, we traced the hematopoietic potential of hemogenic endothelium (HE) in the posterior blood island (PBI) of zebrafish embryo and found that HEs in the PBI are heterogeneous, which contains at least myeloid unipotent and myeloid-lymphoid bipotent subtypes. Animals begin life as a single cell that then divides to become a complex organism with many different types of cells. Every time a cell divides, each of its two daughter cells can either stay the same type as their parent or adopt a different identity. Once a cell acquires an identity, it usually cannot ‘go back’ and choose another. Eventually, this process will produce daughter cells with the identity of a specific tissue or organ and that cannot divide further. Multipotent cells are cells that can produce daughter cells with different identities, including other multipotent cells. These cells can usually give rise to different cell types in a specific organ, and generate more cells to replace any cells that die in that organ. Tracking the cells descended from a multipotent cell in a specific tissue can provide information about how the tissue develops. Hemogenic endothelium cells produce the multipotent cells that give rise to two types of white blood cells: myeloid cells and lymphoid cells. Myeloid cells include innate immune cells that protect the body from infection non-specifically; while lymphoid cells include T cells and B cells with receptors that detect specific bacteria or viruses. It remains unclear whether each of these two cell types originate from a single population of hemogenic endothelium cells or from two distinct subpopulations. He et al. have now developed a new optical technique to label a single hemogenic endothelium cell in a zebrafish and track the cell and its descendants. This method revealed that there are at least two distinct populations of hemogenic endothelium cells. One of them can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid cells, while the other can only give rise to myeloid cells. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of blood formation, and potentially could provide useful tools to study the development of diseases such as leukemia. Additionally, the single-cell labeling technology He et al. have developed could be applied to study the development of other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Shachuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Xinwei Shen
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Kani Chen
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Yingzhu He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
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14
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Petrachkova T, Wortinger LA, Bard AJ, Singh J, Warga RM, Kane DA. Lack of Cyclin B1 in zebrafish causes lengthening of G2 and M phases. Dev Biol 2019; 451:167-179. [PMID: 30930047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An essential part of the Mitosis Promoting Factor, Cyclin B1 is indispensable for cells to enter mitosis. We report here that the zebrafish early arrest mutant specter is a loss-of-function mutation in the сyclin B1 gene. cyclin B1 is maternally transcribed in zebrafish, and the zygotic phenotype is apparent by early segmentation. Lack of zygotic Cyclin B1 does not stop cells from dividing, rather it causes an abnormal and elongated progression through the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Many mutant cells show signs of chromosomal instability or enter apoptosis. Using CRISPR-mediated gene editing, we produced a more severe gain-of-function mutation confirming that specter is the result of nonfunctional Cyclin B1. Although also a recessive phenotype, this new mutation produces an alternative splice-form of cyclin B1 mRNA, whose product lacks several key components for Cyclin B1, but not the Cdk1-binding domain. This mutant form of Cyclin B1 completely prevents cell division. We conclude that, although Cyclin B1 is critical for cells to enter mitosis, another cell cycle protein may be cooperating with Cdk1 at the G2/M checkpoint to sustain a partly functional Mitosis Promoting Factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Petrachkova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA.
| | - Laura A Wortinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Amber J Bard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Jyotika Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Rachel M Warga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Donald A Kane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
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15
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Kobayashi I, Kobayashi-Sun J, Hirakawa Y, Ouchi M, Yasuda K, Kamei H, Fukuhara S, Yamaguchi M. Dual role of Jam3b in early hematopoietic and vascular development. Development 2019; 147:dev.181040. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to efficiently derive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent precursors, it is crucial to understand how mesodermal cells acquire hematopoietic and endothelial identities, two divergent, but closely related cell fates. Although Npas4 has been recently identified as a conserved master regulator of hemato-vascular development, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate divergence between hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells are still unclear. Here, we show in zebrafish that mesodermal cell differentiation into hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells is regulated by Junctional adhesion molecule 3b (Jam3b) via two independent signaling pathways. Mutation of jam3b led to a reduction in npas4l expression in the posterior lateral plate mesoderm and defects in both hematopoietic and vascular development. Mechanistically, we uncover that Jam3b promotes endothelial specification by regulating npas4l expression through repression of the Rap1a-Erk signaling cascade. Jam3b subsequently promotes hematopoietic development, including HSCs, by regulating lrrc15 expression in endothelial precursors through the activation of an integrin-dependent signaling cascade. Our data provide insight into the divergent mechanisms for instructing hematopoietic or vascular fates from mesodermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Hirakawa
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Madoka Ouchi
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koyuki Yasuda
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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16
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VCAM-1 + macrophages guide the homing of HSPCs to a vascular niche. Nature 2018; 564:119-124. [PMID: 30455424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all blood lineages that support the entire lifespan of vertebrates1. After HSPCs emerge from endothelial cells within the developing dorsal aorta, homing allows the nascent cells to anchor in their niches for further expansion and differentiation2-5. Unique niche microenvironments, composed of various blood vessels as units of microcirculation and other niche components such as stromal cells, regulate this process6-9. However, the detailed architecture of the microenvironment and the mechanism for the regulation of HSPC homing remain unclear. Here, using advanced live imaging and a cell-labelling system, we perform high-resolution analyses of the HSPC homing in caudal haematopoietic tissue of zebrafish (equivalent to the fetal liver in mammals), and reveal the role of the vascular architecture in the regulation of HSPC retention. We identify a VCAM-1+ macrophage-like niche cell population that patrols the inner surface of the venous plexus, interacts with HSPCs in an ITGA4-dependent manner, and directs HSPC retention. These cells, named 'usher cells', together with caudal venous capillaries and plexus, define retention hotspots within the homing microenvironment. Thus, the study provides insights into the mechanism of HSPC homing and reveals the essential role of a VCAM-1+ macrophage population with patrolling behaviour in HSPC retention.
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17
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Warga RM, Kane DA. Wilson cell origin for kupffer's vesicle in the zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1057-1069. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Warga
- Department of Biological Sciences; Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo Michigan
| | - Donald A. Kane
- Department of Biological Sciences; Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo Michigan
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18
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Wagner DE, Weinreb C, Collins ZM, Briggs JA, Megason SG, Klein AM. Single-cell mapping of gene expression landscapes and lineage in the zebrafish embryo. Science 2018; 360:981-987. [PMID: 29700229 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput mapping of cellular differentiation hierarchies from single-cell data promises to empower systematic interrogations of vertebrate development and disease. Here we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to >92,000 cells from zebrafish embryos during the first day of development. Using a graph-based approach, we mapped a cell-state landscape that describes axis patterning, germ layer formation, and organogenesis. We tested how clonally related cells traverse this landscape by developing a transposon-based barcoding approach (TracerSeq) for reconstructing single-cell lineage histories. Clonally related cells were often restricted by the state landscape, including a case in which two independent lineages converge on similar fates. Cell fates remained restricted to this landscape in embryos lacking the chordin gene. We provide web-based resources for further analysis of the single-cell data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Wagner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caleb Weinreb
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zach M Collins
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James A Briggs
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Schott B, Traub M, Schlagenhauf C, Takamiya M, Antritter T, Bartschat A, Löffler K, Blessing D, Otte JC, Kobitski AY, Nienhaus GU, Strähle U, Mikut R, Stegmaier J. EmbryoMiner: A new framework for interactive knowledge discovery in large-scale cell tracking data of developing embryos. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006128. [PMID: 29672531 PMCID: PMC5929571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art light-sheet and confocal microscopes allow recording of entire embryos in 3D and over time (3D+t) for many hours. Fluorescently labeled structures can be segmented and tracked automatically in these terabyte-scale 3D+t images, resulting in thousands of cell migration trajectories that provide detailed insights to large-scale tissue reorganization at the cellular level. Here we present EmbryoMiner, a new interactive open-source framework suitable for in-depth analyses and comparisons of entire embryos, including an extensive set of trajectory features. Starting at the whole-embryo level, the framework can be used to iteratively focus on a region of interest within the embryo, to investigate and test specific trajectory-based hypotheses and to extract quantitative features from the isolated trajectories. Thus, the new framework provides a valuable new way to quantitatively compare corresponding anatomical regions in different embryos that were manually selected based on biological prior knowledge. As a proof of concept, we analyzed 3D+t light-sheet microscopy images of zebrafish embryos, showcasing potential user applications that can be performed using the new framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schott
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (JS)
| | - Manuel Traub
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schlagenhauf
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Antritter
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Bartschat
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katharina Löffler
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Denis Blessing
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jens C. Otte
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrei Y. Kobitski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegmaier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (JS)
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20
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Wang L, Liu X, Wang H, Yuan H, Chen S, Chen Z, The H, Zhou J, Zhu J. RNF4 regulates zebrafish granulopoiesis through the DNMT1‐C/EBPα axis. FASEB J 2018; 32:4930-4940. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701450rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luxiang Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haihong Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Saijuan Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hugues The
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerHôpital St. LouisUniversité de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212ParisFrance
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and CancerSino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and GenomicsState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRui-Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerHôpital St. LouisUniversité de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212ParisFrance
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21
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Wang L, Wang X, Wang L, Yousaf M, Li J, Zuo M, Yang Z, Gou D, Bao B, Li L, Xiang N, Jia H, Xu C, Chen Q, Wang QK. Identification of a new adtrp1-tfpi regulatory axis for the specification of primitive myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis. FASEB J 2017; 32:183-194. [PMID: 28877957 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700166rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A genomic variant in the human ADTRP [androgen-dependent tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) regulating protein] gene increases the risk of coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. TFPI is the TF pathway inhibitor that is involved in coagulation. Here, we report that adtrp and tfpi form a regulatory axis that specifies primitive myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis, but not primitive erythropoiesis or vasculogenesis. In zebrafish, there are 2 paralogues for adtrp (i.e., adtrp1 and adtrp2). Knockdown of adtrp1 expression inhibits the specification of hemangioblasts, as shown by decreased expression of the hemangioblast markers, etsrp, fli1a, and scl; blocks primitive hematopoiesis, as shown by decreased expression of pu.1, mpo, and l-plastin; and disrupts the specification of hematopoietic stem cells (definitive hematopoiesis), as shown by decreased expression of runx1 and c-myb However, adtrp1 knockdown does not affect erythropoiesis during primitive hematopoiesis (no effect on gata1 or h-bae1) or vasculogenesis (no effect on kdrl, ephb2a, notch3, dab2, or flt4). Knockdown of adtrp2 expression does not have apparent effects on all markers tested. Knockdown of adtrp1 reduced the expression of tfpi, and hematopoietic defects in adtrp1 morphants were rescued by tfpi overexpression. These data suggest that the regulation of tfpi expression is one potential mechanism by which adtrp1 regulates primitive myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis.-Wang, L., Wang, X., Wang, L., Yousaf, M., Li, J., Zuo, M., Yang, Z., Gou, D., Bao, B., Li, L., Xiang, N., Jia, H., Xu, C., Chen, Q., Wang, Q. K. Identification of a new adtrp1-tfpi regulatory axis for the specification of primitive myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xiang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; .,Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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23
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Gurol T, Zhou W, Deng Q. MicroRNAs in neutrophils: potential next generation therapeutics for inflammatory ailments. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:29-47. [PMID: 27558326 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play fundamental roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and directly contribute to the immune pathologies in both infectious and autoimmune ailments. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate homeostasis in health and disease by fine tuning the expression of a network of genes through post-transcriptional regulation. Many miRs are expressed in restricted tissues, regulated by stress and disease, and are emerging as mediators for intercellular communication. MiR profiles have been recently utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic purposes. In addition, several miRs are in clinical development for various diseases. A short list of miRs that regulate hematopoiesis and neutrophil development is identified. Unfortunately, very limited information is available regarding how miRs regulate neutrophil migration and activation in vivo. Extensive future work is required, especially in animal models such as mice, to illustrate the pivotal and complex miR-mediated regulatory network. In addition, zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism with conserved innate immunity, potentiated by the availability of imaging and genetic tools, will provide a platform for rapid discovery and characterization of miRs that are relevant to neutrophilic inflammation. Advances in this field are expected to provide the foundation for highly selective miR-based therapy to manipulate neutrophils in infection and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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24
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Naylor RW, Han HI, Hukriede NA, Davidson AJ. Wnt8a expands the pool of embryonic kidney progenitors in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 425:130-141. [PMID: 28359809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During zebrafish embryogenesis the pronephric kidney arises from a small population of posterior mesoderm cells that then undergo expansion during early stages of renal organogenesis. While wnt8 is required for posterior mesoderm formation during gastrulation, it is also transiently expressed in the post-gastrula embryo in the intermediate mesoderm, the precursor to the pronephros and some blood/vascular lineages. Here, we show that knockdown of wnt8a, using a low dose of morpholino that does not disrupt early mesoderm patterning, reduces the number of kidney and blood cells. For the kidney, wnt8a deficiency decreases renal progenitor growth during early somitogenesis, as detected by EdU incorporation, but has no effect on apoptosis. The depletion of the renal progenitor pool in wnt8a knockdown embryos leads to cellular deficits in the pronephros at 24 hpf that are characterised by a shortened distal-most segment and stretched proximal tubule cells. A pulse of the canonical Wnt pathway agonist BIO during early somitogenesis is sufficient to rescue the size of the renal progenitor pool while longer treatment expands the number of kidney cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that Wnt8, in addition to its well-established role in posterior mesoderm patterning, also plays a later role as a factor that expands the renal progenitor pool prior to kidney morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Naylor
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Hwa In Han
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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25
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Warga RM, Wicklund A, Webster SE, Kane DA. Progressive loss of RacGAP1/ ogre activity has sequential effects on cytokinesis and zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2016; 418:307-22. [PMID: 27339293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Tang S, Sansalone L, Baker JD, Raymo FM. A Photoswitchable Fluorophore for the Real-Time Monitoring of Dynamic Events in Living Organisms. Chemistry 2016; 22:15027-15034. [PMID: 27571689 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of a photoactivatable fluorophore with optimal photochemical and photophysical properties for the real-time tracking of motion in vivo. The photoactivation mechanism designed into this particular compound permits the conversion of an emissive reactant into an emissive product with resolved fluorescence, under mild illumination conditions that are impossible to replicate with conventional switching schemes based on bleaching. Indeed, the supramolecular delivery of these photoswitchable probes into the cellular blastoderm of Drosophila melanogaster embryos allows the real-time visualization of translocating molecules with no detrimental effects on the developing organisms. Thus, this innovative mechanism for fluorescence photoactivation can evolve into a general chemical tool to monitor dynamic processes in living biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - James D Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA.
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27
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Qiu J, Fan X, Wang Y, Jin H, Song Y, Han Y, Huang S, Meng Y, Tang F, Meng A. Embryonic hematopoiesis in vertebrate somites gives rise to definitive hematopoietic stem cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:288-301. [PMID: 27252540 PMCID: PMC4991667 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish all types of blood cells. It is debating whether HSCs in adults solely originate from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, more specifically, the dorsal aorta, during embryogenesis. Here, we report that somite hematopoiesis, a previously unwitnessed hematopoiesis, can generate definitive HSCs (dHSCs) in zebrafish. By transgenic lineage tracing, we found that a subset of cells within the forming somites emigrate ventromedially and mix with lateral plate mesoderm-derived primitive hematopoietic cells before the blood circulation starts. These somite-derived hematopoietic precursors and stem cells (sHPSCs) subsequently enter the circulation and colonize the kidney of larvae and adults. RNA-seq analysis reveals that sHPSCs express hematopoietic genes with sustained expression of many muscle/skeletal genes. Embryonic sHPSCs transplanted into wild-type embryos expand during growth and survive for life time with differentiation into various hematopoietic lineages, indicating self-renewal and multipotency features. Therefore, the embryonic origin of dHSCs in adults is not restricted to the AGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shenghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Sumanas S, Choi K. ETS Transcription Factor ETV2/ER71/Etsrp in Hematopoietic and Vascular Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 118:77-111. [PMID: 27137655 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective establishment of the hematopoietic and vascular systems is prerequisite for successful embryogenesis. The ETS transcription factor Etv2 has proven to be essential for hematopoietic and vascular development. Etv2 expression marks the onset of the hematopoietic and vascular development and its deficiency leads to an absolute block in hematopoietic and vascular development. Etv2 is transiently expressed during development and is mainly expressed in testis in adults. Consistent with its expression pattern, Etv2 is transiently required for the generation of the optimal levels of the hemangiogenic cell population. Deletion of this gene after the hemangiogenic progenitor formation leads to normal hematopoietic and vascular development. Mechanistically, ETV2 induces the hemangiogenic program by activating blood and endothelial cell lineage specifying genes and enhancing VEGF signaling. Moreover, ETV2 establishes an ETS hierarchy by directly activating other Ets genes, which in the face of transient Etv2 expression, presumably maintain blood and endothelial cell program initiated by ETV2 through an ETS switching mechanism. Current studies suggest that the hemangiogenic progenitor population is exclusively sensitive to ETV2-dependent FLK1 signaling. Any perturbation in the ETV2, VEGF, and FLK1 balance causing insufficient hemangiogenic progenitor cell generation would lead to defects in hematopoietic and endothelial cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sumanas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K Choi
- Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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29
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Agricola ZN, Jagpal AK, Allbee AW, Prewitt AR, Shifley ET, Rankin SA, Zorn AM, Kenny AP. Identification of genes expressed in the migrating primitive myeloid lineage of Xenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:47-55. [PMID: 26264370 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During primitive hematopoiesis in Xenopus, cebpa and spib expressing myeloid cells emerge from the anterior ventral blood island. Primitive myeloid cells migrate throughout the embryo and are critical for immunity, healing, and development. Although definitive hematopoiesis has been studied extensively, molecular mechanisms leading to the migration of primitive myelocytes remain poorly understood. We hypothesized these cells have specific extracellular matrix modifying and cell motility gene expression. RESULTS In situ hybridization screens of transcripts expressed in Xenopus foregut mesendoderm at stage 23 identified seven genes with restricted expression in primitive myeloid cells: destrin; coronin actin binding protein, 1a; formin-like 1; ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28; cathepsin S; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 6. A detailed in situ hybridization analysis revealed these genes are initially expressed in the aVBI but become dispersed throughout the embryo as the primitive myeloid cells become migratory, similar to known myeloid markers. Morpholino-mediated loss-of-function and mRNA-mediated gain-of-function studies revealed the identified genes are downstream of Spib.a and Cebpa, key transcriptional regulators of the myeloid lineage. CONCLUSIONS We have identified genes specifically expressed in migratory primitive myeloid progenitors, providing tools to study how different gene networks operate in these primitive myelocytes during development and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Agricola
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amrita K Jagpal
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew W Allbee
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Allison R Prewitt
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily T Shifley
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott A Rankin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alan P Kenny
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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30
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Fish JE, Wythe JD. The molecular regulation of arteriovenous specification and maintenance. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:391-409. [PMID: 25641373 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a hierarchical vascular network, composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries, is essential for embryogenesis and is required for the production of new functional vasculature in the adult. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells into arterial and venous cell fates is requisite for regenerative medicine, as the directed formation of perfused vessels is desirable in a myriad of pathological settings, such as in diabetes and following myocardial infarction. Additionally, this knowledge will enhance our understanding and treatment of vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). From studies in vertebrate model organisms, such as mouse, zebrafish, and chick, a number of key signaling pathways have been elucidated that are required for the establishment and maintenance of arterial and venous fates. These include the Hedgehog, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, a variety of transcription factor families acting downstream of, or in concert with, these signaling networks play vital roles in arteriovenous (AV) specification. These include Notch and Notch-regulated transcription factors (e.g., HEY and HES), SOX factors, Forkhead factors, β-Catenin, ETS factors, and COUP-TFII. It is becoming apparent that AV specification is a highly coordinated process that involves the intersection and carefully orchestrated activity of multiple signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the acquisition and maintenance of AV fate, and will highlight some of the limitations in our current knowledge of the molecular machinery that directs AV morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Galindo-Villegas J. Recent findings on vertebrate developmental immunity using the zebrafish model. Mol Immunol 2015; 69:106-12. [PMID: 26589453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To grant survival against sterile or microbe induced inflammation, all animals rely on correct immune system functioning. The development of immunity occurs in vertebrates during embryogenesis in a process called hematopoiesis, which is characterized by the formation of blood cellular components such as embryonic erythrocytes and primitive macrophages. These cells are formed in a sterile environment from a rare subset of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) during a brief period of the primitive hematopoietic wave. Diverse signals, like Notch, are indispensable in HSC emergence and differentiation. However, to successfully replicate the process in vitro using pluripotent precursors, the full set of required signals is still a matter of debate. Among the latest findings, proinflammatory signals produced by transient primitive myelocites in zebrafish have been seen to act as essential mediators in establishing the HSC program of the adult vertebrate hematopoietic system. In this regard, the zebrafish immune model has emerged as a feasible live vertebrate model for examining developmental immunity and related host-microbe interactions, both at the molecular and cellular level. Thus, using the zebrafish embryo, this review summarizes recent findings, on the signals required for immune development and further maturation of the system, in a context where no adaptive immune response has yet been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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32
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Ott E, Wendik B, Srivastava M, Pacho F, Töchterle S, Salvenmoser W, Meyer D. Pronephric tubule morphogenesis in zebrafish depends on Mnx mediated repression of irx1b within the intermediate mesoderm. Dev Biol 2015; 411:101-14. [PMID: 26472045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the homeobox transcription factor MNX1 are the major cause of dominantly inherited sacral agenesis. Studies in model organisms revealed conserved mnx gene requirements in neuronal and pancreatic development while Mnx activities that could explain the caudal mesoderm specific agenesis phenotype remain elusive. Here we use the zebrafish pronephros as a simple yet genetically conserved model for kidney formation to uncover a novel role of Mnx factors in nephron morphogenesis. Pronephros formation can formally be divided in four stages, the specification of nephric mesoderm from the intermediate mesoderm (IM), growth and epithelialisation, segmentation and formation of the glomerular capillary tuft. Two of the three mnx genes in zebrafish are dynamically transcribed in caudal IM in a time window that proceeds segmentation. We show that expression of one mnx gene, mnx2b, is restricted to the pronephric lineage and that mnx2b knock-down causes proximal pronephric tubule dilation and impaired pronephric excretion. Using expression profiling of embryos transgenic for conditional activation and repression of Mnx regulated genes, we further identified irx1b as a direct target of Mnx factors. Consistent with a repression of irx1b by Mnx factors, the transcripts of irx1b and mnx genes are found in mutual exclusive regions in the IM, and blocking of Mnx functions results in a caudal expansion of the IM-specific irx1b expression. Finally, we find that knock-down of irx1b is sufficient to rescue proximal pronephric tubule dilation and impaired nephron function in mnx-morpholino injected embryos. Our data revealed a first caudal mesoderm specific requirement of Mnx factors in a non-human system and they demonstrate that Mnx-dependent restriction of IM-specific irx1b activation is required for the morphogenesis and function of the zebrafish pronephros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ott
- Institute for Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Björn Wendik
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Monika Srivastava
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology 1, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Frederic Pacho
- Institute for Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sonja Töchterle
- Institute for Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Institute of Zoology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute for Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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33
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Guiu J, Bergen DJM, De Pater E, Islam ABMMK, Ayllón V, Gama-Norton L, Ruiz-Herguido C, González J, López-Bigas N, Menendez P, Dzierzak E, Espinosa L, Bigas A. Identification of Cdca7 as a novel Notch transcriptional target involved in hematopoietic stem cell emergence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2411-23. [PMID: 25385755 PMCID: PMC4235648 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guiu et al. use ChIP-on-chip analysis for the Notch partner RBPj, using embryonic tissue from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region to identify potential novel Notch target genes involved in HSC emergence. They show that c-MYC–responsive gene Cdca7 is expressed in different HSC and progenitor subpopulations and that CDCA7 is important for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype. Cdca7 acts downstream of Notch in HSCs in zebrafish, mouse, and human, indicating a highly conserved Notch/RBPj/Cdca7 axis in hematopoietic development. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification occurs in the embryonic aorta and requires Notch activation; however, most of the Notch-regulated elements controlling de novo HSC generation are still unknown. Here, we identify putative direct Notch targets in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) embryonic tissue by chromatin precipitation using antibodies against the Notch partner RBPj. By ChIP-on-chip analysis of the precipitated DNA, we identified 701 promoter regions that were candidates to be regulated by Notch in the AGM. One of the most enriched regions corresponded to the Cdca7 gene, which was subsequently confirmed to recruit the RBPj factor but also Notch1 in AGM cells. We found that during embryonic hematopoietic development, expression of Cdca7 is restricted to the hematopoietic clusters of the aorta, and it is strongly up-regulated in the hemogenic population during human embryonic stem cell hematopoietic differentiation in a Notch-dependent manner. Down-regulation of Cdca7 mRNA in cultured AGM cells significantly induces hematopoietic differentiation and loss of the progenitor population. Finally, using loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish, we demonstrate that CDCA7 contributes to HSC emergence in vivo during embryonic development. Thus, our study identifies Cdca7 as an evolutionary conserved Notch target involved in HSC emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guiu
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dylan J M Bergen
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma De Pater
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Verónica Ayllón
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (Genyo), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Leonor Gama-Norton
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Herguido
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria López-Bigas
- Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- José Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Carroll KJ, North TE. Oceans of opportunity: exploring vertebrate hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:684-96. [PMID: 24816275 PMCID: PMC4461861 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the zebrafish model in hematology research has surged in recent years, becoming one of the most useful and tractable systems for understanding regulation of hematopoietic development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Despite the evolutionary distance between zebrafish and humans, remarkable genetic and phenotypic conservation in the hematopoietic system has enabled significant advancements in our understanding of blood stem and progenitor cell biology. The strengths of zebrafish in hematology research lie in the ability to perform real-time in vivo observations of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and effector cell emergence, expansion, and function, as well as the ease with which novel genetic and chemical modifiers of specific hematopoietic processes or cell types can be identified and characterized. Further, myriad transgenic lines have been developed including fluorescent reporter systems to aid in the visualization and quantification of specified cell types of interest and cell-lineage relationships, as well as effector lines that can be used to implement a wide range of experimental manipulations. As our understanding of the complex nature of blood stem and progenitor cell biology during development, in response to infection or injury, or in the setting of hematologic malignancy continues to deepen, zebrafish will remain essential for exploring the spatiotemporal organization and integration of these fundamental processes, as well as the identification of efficacious small molecule modifiers of hematopoietic activity. In this review, we discuss the biology of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, including similarities and differences from mammals, and highlight important tools currently utilized in zebrafish embryos and adults to enhance our understanding of vertebrate hematology, with emphasis on findings that have impacted our understanding of the onset or treatment of human hematologic disorders and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Glenn NO, Schumacher JA, Kim HJ, Zhao EJ, Skerniskyte J, Sumanas S. Distinct regulation of the anterior and posterior myeloperoxidase expression by Etv2 and Gata1 during primitive Granulopoiesis in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2014; 393:149-159. [PMID: 24956419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophilic granulocytes are the most abundant type of myeloid cells and form an essential part of the innate immune system. In vertebrates the first neutrophils are thought to originate during primitive hematopoiesis, which precedes hematopoietic stem cell formation. In zebrafish embryos, it has been suggested that primitive neutrophils may originate in two distinct sites, the anterior (ALPM) and posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLPM). An ETS-family transcription factor Etsrp/Etv2/ER71 has been implicated in vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis in multiple vertebrates. However, its role during neutrophil development is not well understood. Here we demonstrate using zebrafish embryos that Etv2 has a specific cell-autonomous function during primitive neutropoiesis in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM) but has little effect on erythropoiesis or the posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLPM) expression of neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase mpo/mpx. Our results argue that ALPM-derived neutrophils originate from etv2-expressing cells which downregulate etv2 during neutropoiesis. We further show that Scl functions downstream of Etv2 in anterior neutropoiesis. Additionally, we demonstrate that mpx expression within the PLPM overlaps with gata1 expression, potentially marking the cells with a dual myelo-erythroid potential. Intriguingly, initiation of mpx expression in the PLPM is dependent on gata1 but not etv2 function. Our results demonstrate that mpx expression is controlled differently in the ALPM and PLPM regions and describe novel roles for etv2 and gata1 during primitive neutropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Glenn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hyon J Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emma J Zhao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jurate Skerniskyte
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Developmental hematopoiesis: ontogeny, genetic programming and conservation. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:669-83. [PMID: 24950425 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood production throughout life and are of pivotal importance in regenerative medicine. Although HSC generation from pluripotent stem cells would resolve their shortage for clinical applications, this has not yet been achieved mainly because of the poor mechanistic understanding of their programming. Bone marrow HSCs are first created during embryogenesis in the dorsal aorta (DA) of the midgestation conceptus, from where they migrate to the fetal liver and, eventually, the bone marrow. It is currently accepted that HSCs emerge from specialized endothelium, the hemogenic endothelium, localized in the ventral wall of the DA through an evolutionarily conserved process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. However, the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition represents one of the last steps in HSC creation, and an understanding of earlier events in the specification of their progenitors is required if we are to create them from naïve pluripotent cells. Because of their ready availability and external development, zebrafish and Xenopus embryos have enormously facilitated our understanding of the early developmental processes leading to the programming of HSCs from nascent lateral plate mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium in the DA. The amenity of the Xenopus model to lineage tracing experiments has also contributed to the establishment of the distinct origins of embryonic (yolk sac) and adult (HSC) hematopoiesis, whereas the transparency of the zebrafish has allowed in vivo imaging of developing blood cells, particularly during and after the emergence of HSCs in the DA. Here, we discuss the key contributions of these model organisms to our understanding of developmental hematopoiesis.
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Su Z, Si W, Li L, Zhou B, Li X, Xu Y, Xu C, Jia H, Wang QK. MiR-144 regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development by targeting meis1 during zebrafish development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:53-63. [PMID: 24448023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process by which peripheral blood lineages are developed. It is a process tightly regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. However, the epigenetic regulation of hematopoiesis, for example, regulation via microRNAs (miRNAs), remains incompletely understood. Here we show that miR-144 regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development in zebrafish. Overexpression of miR-144 inhibited primitive hematopoiesis as demonstrated by a reduced number of circulating blood cells, reduced o-dianisidine staining of hemoglobin, and reduced expression of hbαe1, hbβe1, gata1 and pu.1. Overexpression of miR-144 also inhibited definitive hematopoiesis as shown by reduced expression of runx1 and c-myb. Mechanistically, miR-144 regulates hematopoiesis by repressing expression of meis1 involved in hematopoiesis. Both real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that overexpression of miR-144 repressed expression of meis1. Bioinformatic analysis predicts a target binding sequence for miR-144 at the 3'-UTR of meis1. Deletion of the miR-144 target sequence eliminated the repression of meis1 expression mediated by miR-144. The miR-144-mediated abnormal phenotypes were partially rescued by co-injection of meis1 mRNA and could be almost completely rescued by injection of both meis1 and gata1 mRNA. Finally, because meis1 is involved in vascular development, we tested the effect of miR-144 on vascular development. Overexpression of miR-144 resulted in abnormal vascular development of intersegmental vessels in transgenic zebrafish with Flk1p-EGFP, and the defect was rescued by co-injection of meis1 mRNA. These findings establish miR-144 as a novel miRNA that regulates hematopoiesis and vascular development by repressing expression of meis1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention of Hubei Province, Key Discipline of Pharmacy of Hubei Department of Education, Medical College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenxia Si
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Sharif F, de Bakker MA, Richardson MK. Osteoclast-like Cells in Early Zebrafish Embryos. CELL JOURNAL 2014; 16:211-24. [PMID: 24567948 PMCID: PMC4072079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genes involved in bone and tissue remodelling in the vertebrates include matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9), receptor activator of necrosis factor κ-β (rank), cathepsin-k (Ctsk) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP). We examine whether these markers are expressed in cells of zebrafish embryos of 1-5 days post fertilization. We also examine adult scales, which are known to contain mature osteoclasts, for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, in situ hybrdisation, histochemistry and serial plastic and paraffin sectioning were used to analyse marker expression. RESULTS We found that mmp-9 mRNA, TRAcP enzyme and Ctsk YFP protein were expressed in haematopoietic tissues and in the cells scattered sparsely in the embryo. Ctsk and rank mRNA were both expressed in the branchial skeleton and in the developing pectoral fin. In these skeletal structures, histology showed that the expressing cells were located around the developing cartilage elements, in the parachondral tissue. In a transgenic zebrafish line with YFP coupled to Ctsk promoter, Ctsk expressing cells were found around pharyngeal skeletal elements. To see whether we could activate osteoclasts, we exposed prim-6 zebrafish embryos to a mixture of 1 µM dexamethasone and 1 µM vitaminutes D3. These compounds, which are known to trigger osteoclastogenensis in cell cultures, lead to an increase in intensity of Ctsk YFP expression around the skeletal elements. CONCLUSION Our findings show that cells expressing a range of osteoclast markers are present in early larvae and can be activated by the addition of osteoclastogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan,Institue of Biology, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical MaterialsCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyDefence RoadOff Raiwind RoadLahorePakistan
| | | | - Michael K Richardson
- Institue of Biology, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Warga RM, Mueller RL, Ho RK, Kane DA. Zebrafish Tbx16 regulates intermediate mesoderm cell fate by attenuating Fgf activity. Dev Biol 2013; 383:75-89. [PMID: 24008197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Progenitors of the zebrafish pronephros, red blood and trunk endothelium all originate from the ventral mesoderm and often share lineage with one another, suggesting that their initial patterning is linked. Previous studies have shown that spadetail (spt) mutant embryos, defective in tbx16 gene function, fail to produce red blood cells, but retain the normal number of endothelial and pronephric cells. We report here that spt mutants are deficient in all the types of early blood, have fewer endothelial cells as well as far more pronephric cells compared to wildtype. In vivo cell tracing experiments reveal that blood and endothelium originate in spt mutants almost exclusive from the dorsal mesoderm whereas, pronephros and tail originate from both dorsal and ventral mesoderm. Together these findings suggest possible defects in posterior patterning. In accord with this, gene expression analysis shows that mesodermal derivatives within the trunk and tail of spt mutants have acquired more posterior identity. Secreted signaling molecules belonging to the Fgf, Wnt and Bmp families have been implicated as patterning factors of the posterior mesoderm. Further investigation demonstrates that Fgf and Wnt signaling are elevated throughout the nonaxial region of the spt gastrula. By manipulating Fgf signaling we show that Fgfs both promote pronephric fate and repress blood and endothelial fate. We conclude that Tbx16 plays an important role in regulating the balance of intermediate mesoderm fates by attenuating Fgf activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Warga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 East, 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Brondolin M, Berger S, Reinke M, Tanaka H, Ohshima T, Fuβ B, Hoch M. Identification and expression analysis of the zebrafish homologs of the ceramide synthase gene family. Dev Dyn 2013. [PMID: 23203913 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids represent a major class of lipids which both serve as structural components of membranes and as bioactive molecules involved in lipid signaling. Ceramide synthases (cers) reside in the center of sphingolipid metabolism by producing ceramide through de novo synthesis or degradative pathways. While the six mammalian cers family members have been extensively studied in cell culture and in adult tissues, a systematic analysis of cers expression and function during embryogenesis is still lacking. RESULTS Using bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis, we identified nine highly conserved homologs of the vertebrate cers gene family in the zebrafish genome. A systematic expression analysis throughout five developmental stages indicates that, whereas until 48 hours post fertilization most zebrafish cers homologs are expressed in distinct patterns, e.g., in the intermediate cell mass and the pronephric duct, they show a highly overlapping expression during later stages of embryonic development, mostprominently in the developing brain. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the expression of the cers gene homologs is comprehensively analyzed for the first time during vertebrate embryogenesis. Our data indicate that each embryonic tissue has a unique profile of cers expression during zebrafish embryogenesis suggesting tissue-specific profiles of ceramides and their derivatives.
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Amali AA, Sie L, Winkler C, Featherstone M. Zebrafish hoxd4a acts upstream of meis1.1 to direct vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58857. [PMID: 23554940 PMCID: PMC3598951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the 4th-group paralog Hoxd4 display malformations of the anterior vertebral column, but are viable and fertile. Here, we report that zebrafish embryos having decreased function of the orthologous hoxd4a gene manifest striking perturbations in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. These defects are preceded by reduced expression of the hemangioblast markers scl1, lmo2 and fli1 within the posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLM) at 13 hours post fertilization (hpf). Epistasis analysis revealed that hoxd4a acts upstream of meis1.1 but downstream of cdx4 as early as the shield stage in ventral-most mesoderm fated to give rise to hemangioblasts, leading us to propose that loss of hoxd4a function disrupts hemangioblast specification. These findings place hoxd4a high in a genetic hierarchy directing hemangioblast formation downstream of cdx1/cdx4 and upstream of meis1.1. An additional consequence of impaired hoxd4a and meis1.1 expression is the deregulation of multiple Hox genes implicated in vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis which may further contribute to the defects described here. Our results add to evidence implicating key roles for Hox genes in their initial phase of expression early in gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence Sie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Featherstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Costa R, Chen Y, Paredes R, Amaya E. Labeling primitive myeloid progenitor cells in Xenopus. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 916:141-55. [PMID: 22914938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-980-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In Xenopus the first blood cells to differentiate in the embryo are the primitive myeloid lineages, which arise from the anterior ventral blood islands during the neurula stages. Primitive myeloid cells (PMCs) will give rise to the embryonic pool of neutrophils and macrophages, a highly migratory population of cells with various functions during development and tissue repair. Understanding the development and behavior of PMCs depends on our ability to label, manipulate, and image these cells. Xenopus embryos have several advantages in the study of PMCs, including a well-established fate map and the possibility of performing transplants in order to label these cells. In addition, Xenopus embryos are easy to manipulate and their external development and transparency at the tadpole stages make them amenable to imaging techniques. Here we describe two methods for labeling primitive myeloid progenitor cells during early Xenopus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jing CB, Chen Y, Dong M, Peng XL, Jia XE, Gao L, Ma K, Deng M, Liu TX, Zon LI, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Phospholipase C gamma-1 is required for granulocyte maturation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2012; 374:24-31. [PMID: 23220656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of hematopoiesis is generally evolutionarily conserved from zebrafish to mammals, including hematopoietic stem cell formation and blood cell lineage differentiation. In zebrafish, primitive granulocytes originate at two distinct regions, the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (A-LPM) and the intermediate cell mass (ICM). Few studies in the zebrafish have examined genes specifically required for the granulocytic lineage. In this study, we identified the responsible gene for a zebrafish mutant that has relatively normal hematopoiesis, except decreased expression of the granulocyte-specific gene mpx. Positional cloning revealed that phospholipase C gamma-1 (plcg1) was mutated. Deficiency of plcg1 function specifically affected development of granulocytes, especially the maturation process. These results suggested that plcg1 functioned specifically in zebrafish ICM granulopoiesis for the first time. Our studies suggest that specific pathways regulate the differentiation of the hematopoietic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Xu J, Du L, Wen Z. Myelopoiesis during Zebrafish Early Development. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:435-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu F, Yao S, Zhang T, Xiao C, Shang Y, Liu J, Mo X. Kzp Regulates the Transcription of gata2 and pu.1 during Primitive Hematopoiesis in Zebrafish Embryos. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Novel insights into the genetic controls of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis from zebrafish models. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:830703. [PMID: 22888355 PMCID: PMC3410305 DOI: 10.1155/2012/830703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process where initiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as their differentiation into erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors. Understanding the genetic controls of hematopoiesis is crucial as perturbations in hematopoiesis lead to diseases such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, or cancers, including leukemias and lymphomas. Animal models, particularly conventional and conditional knockout mice, have played major roles in our understanding of the genetic controls of hematopoiesis. However, knockout mice for most of the hematopoietic transcription factors are embryonic lethal, thus precluding the analysis of their roles during the transition from embryonic to adult hematopoiesis. Zebrafish are an ideal model organism to determine the function of a gene during embryonic-to-adult transition of hematopoiesis since bloodless zebrafish embryos can develop normally into early larval stage by obtaining oxygen through diffusion. In this review, we discuss the current status of the ontogeny and regulation of hematopoiesis in zebrafish. By providing specific examples of zebrafish morphants and mutants, we have highlighted the contributions of the zebrafish model to our overall understanding of the roles of transcription factors in regulation of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis.
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Zhang C, Patient R, Liu F. Hematopoietic stem cell development and regulatory signaling in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2370-4. [PMID: 22705943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a population of multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate into all blood lineages. HSC development must be tightly controlled from cell fate determination to self-maintenance during adulthood. This involves a panel of important developmental signaling pathways and other factors which act synergistically within the HSC population and/or in the HSC niche. Genetically conserved processes of HSC development plus many other developmental advantages make the zebrafish an ideal model organism to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying HSC programming. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent progress on zebrafish HSCs with particular focus on how developmental signaling controls hemogenic endothelium-derived HSC development. We also describe the interaction of different signaling pathways during these processes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The hematopoietic stem cell system is a paradigm for stem cell studies. Use of the zebrafish model to study signaling regulation of HSCs in vivo has resulted in a great deal of information concerning HSC biology in vertebrates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These new findings facilitate a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of HSC programming, and will provide possible new strategies for the treatment of HSC-related hematological diseases, such as leukemia. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Abstract
Zebrafish studies in the past two decades have made major contributions to our understanding of hematopoiesis and its associated disorders. The zebrafish has proven to be a powerful organism for studies in this area owing to its amenability to large-scale genetic and chemical screening. In addition, the externally fertilized and transparent embryos allow convenient genetic manipulation and in vivo imaging of normal and aberrant hematopoiesis. This review discusses available methods for studying hematopoiesis in zebrafish, summarizes key recent advances in this area, and highlights the current and potential contributions of zebrafish to the discovery and development of drugs to treat human blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jing
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dominant-negative C/ebpα and polycomb group protein Bmi1 extend short-lived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell life span and induce lethal dyserythropoiesis. Blood 2011; 118:3842-52. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-327908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during embryonic hematopoiesis are thought to be short-lived (SL) with limited self-renewal potential. The fate and consequence of these short-lived HSPCs, once reprogrammed into “long-lived” in a living animal body, remain unknown. Here we show that targeted expression of a dominant-negative C/ebpα (C/ebpαDN) in the primitive SL-HSPCs during zebrafish embryogenesis extends their life span, allowing them to survive to later developmental stage to colonize the definitive hematopoietic sites, where they undergo a proliferative expansion followed by erythropoietic dysplasia and embryonic lethality because of circulation congestion. Mechanistically, C/ebpαDN binds to a conserved C/EBP-binding motif in the promoter region of bmi1 gene, associated with a specific induction of bmi1 transcription in the transgenic embryos expressing C/ebpαDN. Targeted expression of Bmi1 in the SL-HSPCs recapitulates nearly all aberrant phenotypes induced by C/ebpαDN, whereas knockdown of bmi1 largely rescues these abnormalities. The results indicate that Bmi1 acts immediately downstream of C/ebpαDN to regulate the survival and self-renewal of HSPCs and contribute to the erythropoietic dysplasia.
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Abstract
The ability to differentially label single cells has important implications in developmental biology. For instance, determining how hematopoietic, lymphatic, and blood vessel lineages arise in developing embryos requires fate mapping and lineage tracing of undifferentiated precursor cells. Recently, photoactivatable proteins which include: Eos1, 2, PAmCherry3, Kaede4-7, pKindling8, and KikGR9, 10 have received wide interest as cell tracing probes. The fluorescence spectrum of these photosensitive proteins can be easily converted with UV excitation, allowing a population of cells to be distinguished from adjacent ones. However, the photoefficiency of the activated protein may limit long-term cell tracking11. As an alternative to photoactivatable proteins, caged fluorescein-dextran has been widely used in embryo model systems7, 12-14. Traditionally, to uncage fluorescein-dextran, UV excitation from a fluorescence lamp house or a single photon UV laser has been used; however, such sources limit the spatial resolution of photoactivation. Here we report a protocol to fate map, lineage trace, and detect single labeled cells. Single cells in embryos injected with caged fluorescein-dextran are photoactivated with near-infrared laser pulses produced from a titanium sapphire femtosecond laser. This laser is customary in all two-photon confocal microscopes such as the LSM 510 META NLO microscope used in this paper. Since biological tissue is transparent to near-infrared irradiation15, the laser pulses can be focused deep within the embryo without uncaging cells above or below the selected focal plane. Therefore, non-linear two-photon absorption is induced only at the geometric focus to uncage fluorescein-dextran in a single cell. To detect the cell containing uncaged fluorescein-dextran, we describe a simple immunohistochemistry protocol16 to rapidly visualize the activated cell. The activation and detection protocol presented in this paper is versatile and can be applied to any model system. Note: The reagents used in this protocol can be found in the table appended at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kohli
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
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