1
|
Castro Colabianchi AM, González Pérez NG, Franchini LF, López SL. A maternal dorsoventral prepattern revealed by an asymmetric distribution of ventralizing molecules before fertilization in Xenopus laevis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1365705. [PMID: 38572484 PMCID: PMC10987785 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1365705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the embryonic dorsoventral axis in Xenopus occurs when the radial symmetry around the egg's animal-vegetal axis is broken to give rise to the typical symmetry of Bilaterians. We have previously shown that the Notch1 protein is ventrally enriched during early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish and exerts ventralizing activity through β-Catenin destabilization and the positive regulation of ventral center genes in X. laevis. These findings led us to further investigate when these asymmetries arise. In this work, we show that the asymmetrical distribution of Notch1 protein and mRNA precedes cortical rotation and even fertilization in X. laevis. Moreover, we found that in unfertilized eggs transcripts encoded by the ventralizing gene bmp4 are also asymmetrically distributed in the animal hemisphere and notch1 transcripts accumulate consistently on the same side of the eccentric maturation point. Strikingly, a Notch1 asymmetry orthogonal to the animal-vegetal axis appears during X. laevis oogenesis. Thus, we show for the first time a maternal bias in the distribution of molecules that are later involved in ventral patterning during embryonic axialization, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a dorsoventral prepattern or intrinsic bilaterality of Xenopus eggs before fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitana M. Castro Colabianchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G. González Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía F. Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI) “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia L. López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología / 1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular “Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias “Prof. E. De Robertis” (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babushku T, Lechner M, Ehrenberg S, Rambold U, Schmidt-Supprian M, Yates AJ, Rane S, Zimber-Strobl U, Strobl LJ. Notch2 controls developmental fate choices between germinal center and marginal zone B cells upon immunization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1960. [PMID: 38438375 PMCID: PMC10912316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained Notch2 signals induce trans-differentiation of Follicular B (FoB) cells into Marginal Zone B (MZB) cells in mice, but the physiology underlying this differentiation pathway is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that most B cells receive a basal Notch signal, which is intensified in pre-MZB and MZB cells. Ablation or constitutive activation of Notch2 upon T-cell-dependent immunization reveals an interplay between antigen-induced activation and Notch2 signaling, in which FoB cells that turn off Notch2 signaling enter germinal centers (GC), while high Notch2 signaling leads to generation of MZB cells or to initiation of plasmablast differentiation. Notch2 signaling is dispensable for GC dynamics but appears to be re-induced in some centrocytes to govern expansion of IgG1+ GCB cells. Mathematical modelling suggests that antigen-activated FoB cells make a Notch2 dependent binary fate-decision to differentiate into either GCB or MZB cells. This bifurcation might serve as a mechanism to archive antigen-specific clones into functionally and spatially diverse B cell states to generate robust antibody and memory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Babushku
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lechner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrenberg
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rambold
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sanket Rane
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O’Connor KW, Liu T, Kim S, Briseño CG, Georgopoulos K, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Bcl6, Irf2, and Notch2 promote nonclassical monocyte development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220853120. [PMID: 37607223 PMCID: PMC10469339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220853120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ly6Clo monocytes are a myeloid subset that specializes in the surveillance of vascular endothelium. Ly6Clo monocytes have been shown to derive from Ly6Chi monocytes. NOTCH2 signaling has been implicated as a trigger for Ly6Clo monocyte development, but the basis for this effect is unclear. Here, we examined the impact of NOTCH2 signaling of myeloid progenitors on the development of Ly6Clo monocytes in vitro. NOTCH2 signaling induced by delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1) efficiently induced the transition of Ly6Chi TREML4- monocytes into Ly6Clo TREML4+ monocytes. We further identified two additional transcriptional requirements for development of Ly6Clo monocytes. Deletion of BCL6 from myeloid progenitors abrogated development of Ly6Clo monocytes. IRF2 was also required for Ly6Clo monocyte development in a cell-intrinsic manner. DLL1-induced in vitro transition into Ly6Clo TREML4+ monocytes required IRF2 but unexpectedly could occur in the absence of NUR77 or BCL6. These results imply a transcriptional hierarchy for these factors in controlling Ly6Clo monocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Carlos G. Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Theresa L. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Favarolo MB, Revinski DR, Garavaglia MJ, López SL. Nodal and churchill1 position the expression of a notch ligand during Xenopus germ layer segregation. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201693. [PMID: 36180230 PMCID: PMC9604498 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Churchill and Nodal signaling, which participate in vertebrates’ germ layer induction, position a domain of Delta/Notch activity, which refines germ layer boundaries during frog gastrulation. In vertebrates, Nodal signaling plays a major role in endomesoderm induction, but germ layer delimitation is poorly understood. In avian embryos, the neural/mesoderm boundary is controlled by the transcription factor CHURCHILL1, presumably through the repressor ZEB2, but there is scarce knowledge about its role in other vertebrates. During amphibian gastrulation, Delta/Notch signaling refines germ layer boundaries in the marginal zone, but it is unknown the place this pathway occupies in the network comprising Churchill1 and Nodal. Here, we show that Xenopus churchill1 is expressed in the presumptive neuroectoderm at mid-blastula transition and during gastrulation, upregulates zeb2, prevents dll1 expression in the neuroectoderm, and favors neuroectoderm over endomesoderm development. Nodal signaling prevents dll1 expression in the endoderm but induces it in the presumptive mesoderm, from where it activates Notch1 and its target gene hes4 in the non-involuting marginal zone. We propose a model where Nodal and Churchill1 position Dll1/Notch1/Hes4 domains in the marginal zone, ensuring the delimitation between mesoderm and neuroectoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Favarolo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular "Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego R Revinski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular "Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías J Garavaglia
- Laboratorio de Bioinsumos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia L López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/1° U.A. Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular "Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Canté-Barrett K, Meijer MT, Cordo' V, Hagelaar R, Yang W, Yu J, Smits WK, Nulle ME, Jansen JP, Pieters R, Yang JJ, Haigh JJ, Goossens S, Meijerink JP. MEF2C opposes Notch in lymphoid lineage decision and drives leukemia in the thymus. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150363. [PMID: 35536646 PMCID: PMC9310523 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements that drive ectopic MEF2C expression have recurrently been found in patients with human early thymocyte progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Here, we show high levels of MEF2C expression in patients with ETP-ALL. Using both in vivo and in vitro models of ETP-ALL, we demonstrate that elevated MEF2C expression blocks NOTCH-induced T cell differentiation while promoting a B-lineage program. MEF2C activates a B cell transcriptional program in addition to RUNX1, GATA3, and LMO2; upregulates the IL-7R; and boosts cell survival by upregulation of BCL2. MEF2C and the Notch pathway, therefore, demarcate opposite regulators of B- or T-lineage choices, respectively. Enforced MEF2C expression in mouse or human progenitor cells effectively blocks early T cell differentiation and promotes the development of biphenotypic lymphoid tumors that coexpress CD3 and CD19, resembling human mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) inhibitors impair MEF2C activity and alleviate the T cell developmental block. Importantly, this sensitizes cells to prednisolone treatment. Therefore, SIK-inhibiting compounds such as dasatinib are potentially valuable additions to standard chemotherapy for human ETP-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariska T Meijer
- Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Cordo'
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rico Hagelaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Childen's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Computational Biology Department, St. Jude Childen's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Willem K Smits
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marloes E Nulle
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris P Jansen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Pieters Group, Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jules Pp Meijerink
- Meijerink Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garis M, Garrett-Sinha LA. Notch Signaling in B Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609324. [PMID: 33613531 PMCID: PMC7892449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is highly evolutionarily conserved, dictating cell fate decisions and influencing the survival and growth of progenitor cells that give rise to the cells of the immune system. The roles of Notch signaling in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and in specification of T lineage cells have been well-described. Notch signaling also plays important roles in B cells. In particular, it is required for specification of marginal zone type B cells, but Notch signaling is also important in other stages of B cell development and activation. This review will focus on established and new roles of Notch signaling during B lymphocyte lineage commitment and describe the function of Notch within mature B cells involved in immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Garis
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamline MY, Corcoran CM, Wamstad JA, Miletich I, Feng J, Lohr JL, Hemberger M, Sharpe PT, Gearhart MD, Bardwell VJ. OFCD syndrome and extraembryonic defects are revealed by conditional mutation of the Polycomb-group repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1) gene BCOR. Dev Biol 2020; 468:110-132. [PMID: 32692983 PMCID: PMC9583620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BCOR is a critical regulator of human development. Heterozygous mutations of BCOR in females cause the X-linked developmental disorder Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (OFCD), and hemizygous mutations of BCOR in males cause gestational lethality. BCOR associates with Polycomb group proteins to form one subfamily of the diverse Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) complexes, designated PRC1.1. Currently there is limited understanding of differing developmental roles of the various PRC1 complexes. We therefore generated a conditional exon 9-10 knockout Bcor allele and a transgenic conditional Bcor expression allele and used these to define multiple roles of Bcor, and by implication PRC1.1, in mouse development. Females heterozygous for Bcor exhibiting mosaic expression due to the X-linkage of the gene showed reduced postnatal viability and had OFCD-like defects. By contrast, Bcor hemizygosity in the entire male embryo resulted in embryonic lethality by E9.5. We further dissected the roles of Bcor, focusing on some of the tissues affected in OFCD through use of cell type specific Cre alleles. Mutation of Bcor in neural crest cells caused cleft palate, shortening of the mandible and tympanic bone, ectopic salivary glands and abnormal tongue musculature. We found that defects in the mandibular region, rather than in the palate itself, led to palatal clefting. Mutation of Bcor in hindlimb progenitor cells of the lateral mesoderm resulted in 2/3 syndactyly. Mutation of Bcor in Isl1-expressing lineages that contribute to the heart caused defects including persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and fetal lethality. Mutation of Bcor in extraembryonic lineages resulted in placental defects and midgestation lethality. Ubiquitous over expression of transgenic Bcor isoform A during development resulted in embryonic defects and midgestation lethality. The defects we have found in Bcor mutants provide insights into the etiology of the OFCD syndrome and how BCOR-containing PRC1 complexes function in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Hamline
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Connie M Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph A Wamstad
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jifan Feng
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jamie L Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solanki A, Yánez DC, Lau CI, Rowell J, Barbarulo A, Ross S, Sahni H, Crompton T. The transcriptional repressor Bcl6 promotes pre-TCR-induced thymocyte differentiation and attenuates Notch1 activation. Development 2020; 147:dev.192203. [PMID: 32907850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction is required for developing thymocytes to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) cell to CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) cell. Notch signalling is required for T-cell fate specification and must be maintained throughout β-selection, but inappropriate Notch activation in DN4 and DP cells is oncogenic. Here, we show that pre-TCR signalling leads to increased expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and that Bcl6 is required for differentiation to DP. Conditional deletion of Bcl6 from thymocytes reduced pre-TCR-induced differentiation to DP cells, disrupted expansion and enrichment of intracellular TCRβ+ cells within the DN population and increased DN4 cell death. Deletion also increased Notch1 activation and Notch-mediated transcription in the DP population. Thus, Bcl6 is required in thymocyte development for efficient differentiation from DN3 to DP and to attenuate Notch1 activation in DP cells. Given the importance of inappropriate NOTCH1 signalling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), and the involvement of BCL6 in other types of leukaemia, this study is important to our understanding of T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alessandro Barbarulo
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hemant Sahni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montes-Mojarro IA, Chen BJ, Ramirez-Ibarguen AF, Quezada-Fiallos CM, Pérez-Báez WB, Dueñas D, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Ortiz-Mayor M, Rojas-Bilbao E, García-Rivello H, Metrebian MF, Narbaitz M, Barrionuevo C, Lome-Maldonado C, Bonzheim I, Fend F, Steinhilber J, Quintanilla-Martinez L. Mutational profile and EBV strains of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Latin America. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:781-791. [PMID: 31822801 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated lymphoma, prevalent in Asia and Latin America. Studies in Asian cohorts have identified some recurrent gene mutations in ENKTL; however, the mutational landscape of ENKTL in Latin America is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mutational profile and EBV strains of 71 ENKTL cases from Latin America (42 from Mexico, 17 from Peru, and 12 from Argentina) and compared it with Asian cohorts. The mutational analysis was performed by next generation sequencing (NGS) using an Ion AmpliSeq™ custom panel covering for the most frequently mutated genes identified in ENKTL. STAT3 was the most frequent mutated gene (16 cases: 23%), followed by MSN (10 cases; 14%), BCOR (9 cases; 13%), DDX3X (6 cases; 8%), TP53 (6 cases; 8%), MGA (3 cases; 4%), JAK3 (2 cases; 3%), and STAT5B (1 case; 1%). Mutations in STAT3, BCOR, and DDX3X were nearly mutually exclusive, suggesting different molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ENKTL; whereas mutations in MGA, MSN, and TP53 were concomitant with other mutations. Most cases (75%) carried Type A EBV without the 30-bp LMP1 gene deletion. The overall survival was significantly associated with serum LDH level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, and therapy (p < 0.05), but not associated with any mutation, EBV strain or deletion in EBV LMP1 gene. In conclusion, mutational analysis of ENKTL from Latin America reveals frequent gene mutations leading to activation of the JAK-STAT pathway (25%), mostly STAT3. Compared to Asian cohorts, BCOR, DDX3X and TP53 mutations were also identified but with different frequencies. None of these mutations were associated with prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne A Montes-Mojarro
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bo-Jung Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wendy B Pérez-Báez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Dueñas
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Marcela Ortiz-Mayor
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ángel C. Padilla, San Miguel Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Erica Rojas-Bilbao
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria F Metrebian
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Narbaitz
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Barrionuevo
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonnefont J, Tiberi L, van den Ameele J, Potier D, Gaber ZB, Lin X, Bilheu A, Herpoel A, Velez Bravo FD, Guillemot F, Aerts S, Vanderhaeghen P. Cortical Neurogenesis Requires Bcl6-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of Multiple Self-Renewal-Promoting Extrinsic Pathways. Neuron 2019; 103:1096-1108.e4. [PMID: 31353074 PMCID: PMC6859502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During neurogenesis, progenitors switch from self-renewal to differentiation through the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues, but how these are integrated remains poorly understood. Here, we combine whole-genome transcriptional and epigenetic analyses with in vivo functional studies to demonstrate that Bcl6, a transcriptional repressor previously reported to promote cortical neurogenesis, acts as a driver of the neurogenic transition through direct silencing of a selective repertoire of genes belonging to multiple extrinsic pathways promoting self-renewal, most strikingly the Wnt pathway. At the molecular level, Bcl6 represses its targets through Sirt1 recruitment followed by histone deacetylation. Our data identify a molecular logic by which a single cell-intrinsic factor represses multiple extrinsic pathways that favor self-renewal, thereby ensuring robustness of neuronal fate transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bonnefont
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Potier
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Xionghui Lin
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angéline Bilheu
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adèle Herpoel
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fausto D Velez Bravo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stein Aerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bugler J, Kinstrie R, Scott MT, Vetrie D. Epigenetic Reprogramming and Emerging Epigenetic Therapies in CML. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:136. [PMID: 31380371 PMCID: PMC6652210 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by BCR-ABL1, an oncogenic fusion gene arising from the Philadelphia chromosome. The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to overcome the constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL protein has dramatically improved disease management and patient outcomes over the past 20 years. However, the majority of patients are not cured and developing novel therapeutic strategies that target epigenetic processes are a promising avenue to improve cure rates. A number of epigenetic mechanisms are altered or reprogrammed during the development and progression of CML, resulting in alterations in histone modifications, DNA methylation and dysregulation of the transcriptional machinery. In this review these epigenetic alterations are examined and the potential of epigenetic therapies are discussed as a means of eradicating residual disease and offering a potential cure for CML in combination with current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Vetrie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernando TM, Marullo R, Pera Gresely B, Phillip JM, Yang SN, Lundell-Smith G, Torregroza I, Ahn H, Evans T, Győrffy B, Privé GG, Hirano M, Melnick AM, Cerchietti L. BCL6 Evolved to Enable Stress Tolerance in Vertebrates and Is Broadly Required by Cancer Cells to Adapt to Stress. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:662-679. [PMID: 30777872 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence link the canonical oncogene BCL6 to stress response. Here we demonstrate that BCL6 evolved in vertebrates as a component of the HSF1-driven stress response, which has been co-opted by the immune system to support germinal center formation and may have been decisive in the convergent evolution of humoral immunity in jawless and jawed vertebrates. We find that the highly conserved BTB corepressor binding site of BCL6 mediates stress adaptation across vertebrates. We demonstrate that pan-cancer cells hijack this stress tolerance mechanism to aberrantly express BCL6. Targeting the BCL6 BTB domain in cancer cells induces apoptosis and increases susceptibility to repeated doses of cytotoxic therapy. The chemosensitization effect upon BCL6 BTB inhibition is dependent on the derepression of TOX, implicating modulation of DNA repair as a downstream mechanism. Collectively, these data suggest a form of adaptive nononcogene addiction rooted in the natural selection of BCL6 during vertebrate evolution. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate that HSF1 drives BCL6 expression to enable stress tolerance in vertebrates. We identify an HSF1-BCL6-TOX stress axis that is required by cancer cells to tolerate exposure to cytotoxic agents and points toward BCL6-targeted therapy as a way to more effectively kill a wide variety of solid tumors.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 565.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharu M Fernando
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rossella Marullo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benet Pera Gresely
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Haelee Ahn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hirano
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castro Colabianchi AM, Revinski DR, Encinas PI, Baez MV, Monti RJ, Rodríguez Abinal M, Kodjabachian L, Franchini LF, López SL. Notch1 is asymmetrically distributed from the beginning of embryogenesis and controls the ventral center. Development 2018; 145:dev.159368. [PMID: 29866901 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on functional evidence, we have previously demonstrated that early ventral Notch1 activity restricts dorsoanterior development in Xenopus We found that Notch1 has ventralizing properties and abolishes the dorsalizing activity of β-catenin by reducing its steady state levels, in a process that does not require β-catenin phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β. In the present work, we demonstrate that Notch1 mRNA and protein are enriched in the ventral region from the beginning of embryogenesis in Xenopus This is the earliest sign of ventral development, preceding the localized expression of wnt8a, bmp4 and Ventx genes in the ventral center and the dorsal accumulation of nuclear β-catenin. Knockdown experiments indicate that Notch1 is necessary for the normal expression of genes essential for ventral-posterior development. These results indicate that during early embryogenesis ventrally located Notch1 promotes the development of the ventral center. Together with our previous evidence, these results suggest that ventral enrichment of Notch1 underlies the process by which Notch1 participates in restricting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin to the dorsal side.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitana M Castro Colabianchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego R Revinski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Paula I Encinas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Baez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renato J Monti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mateo Rodríguez Abinal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía F Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia L López
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias 'Prof. E. De Robertis' (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Embriología Molecular 'Prof. Dr. Andrés E. Carrasco', C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ogasawara T, Kohashi Y, Ikari J, Taniguchi T, Tsuruoka N, Watanabe-Takano H, Fujimura L, Sakamoto A, Hatano M, Hirata H, Fukushima Y, Fukuda T, Kurasawa K, Tatsumi K, Tokuhisa T, Arima M. Allergic T H2 Response Governed by B-Cell Lymphoma 6 Function in Naturally Occurring Memory Phenotype CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:750. [PMID: 29696026 PMCID: PMC5904433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) appears to regulate TH2 immune responses in allergies, but its precise role is unclear. We previously reported that Bcl6 suppressed IL-4 production in naïve CD4+ T cell-derived memory TH2 cells. To investigate Bcl6 function in allergic responses in naturally occurring memory phenotype CD4+ T (MPT) cells and their derived TH2 (MPTH2) cells, Bcl6-manipulated mice, highly conserved intron enhancer (hcIE)-deficient mice, and reporter mice for conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2) 3′ distal enhancer region were used to elucidate Bcl6 function in MPT cells. The molecular mechanisms of Bcl6-mediated TH2 cytokine gene regulation were elucidated using cellular and molecular approaches. Bcl6 function in MPT cells was determined using adoptive transfer to naïve mice, which were assessed for allergic airway inflammation. Bcl6 suppressed IL-4 production in MPT and MPTH2 cells by suppressing CNS2 enhancer activity. Bcl6 downregulated Il4 expression in MPTH2 cells, but not MPT cells, by suppressing hcIE activity. The inhibitory functions of Bcl6 in MPT and MPTH2 cells attenuated allergic responses. Bcl6 is a critical regulator of IL-4 production by MPT and MPTH2 cells in TH2 immune responses related to the pathogenesis of allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ogasawara
- Department of Respirology (B2), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kohashi
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Ikari
- Department of Respirology (B2), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshibumi Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Tsuruoka
- Department of Reproductive Medicine (G4), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lisa Fujimura
- Biomedical Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akemi Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurasawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology (B2), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuhisa
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Arima
- Department of Biomedical Science (M14), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inhibition of the transcriptional repressor complex Bcl-6/BCoR induces endothelial sprouting but does not promote tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:552-564. [PMID: 27880939 PMCID: PMC5352177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of the transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 (B-cell lymphoma 6) was originally discovered in non-Hodgkin patients and the soluble Bcl-6 inhibitor 79-6 was developed to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with aberrant Bcl-6 expression. Since we found Bcl-6 and its co-repressor BCoR (Bcl-6 interacting co-repressor) to be regulated in human microvascular endothelium by colorectal cancer cells, we investigated their function in sprouting angiogenesis which is central to tumor growth. Based on Bcl-6/BCoR gene silencing we found that the transcriptional repressor complex in fact constitutes an endogenous inhibitor of vascular sprouting by supporting the stalk cell phenotype: control of Notch target genes (HES1, HEY1, DLL4) and cell cycle regulators (cyclin A and B1). Thus, when endothelial cells were transiently transfected with Bcl-6 and/or BCoR siRNA, vascular sprouting was prominently induced. Comparably, when the soluble Bcl-6 inhibitor 79-6 was applied in the mouse retina model of physiological angiogenesis, endothelial sprouting and branching were significantly enhanced. To address the question whether clinical treatment with 79-6 might therefore have detrimental therapeutic effects by promoting tumor angiogenesis, mouse xenograft models of colorectal cancer and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were tested. Despite a tendency to increased tumor vessel density, 79-6 therapy did not enhance tumor expansion. In contrast, growth of colorectal carcinomas was significantly reduced which is likely due to a combined 79-6 effect on cancer cells and tumor stroma. These findings may provide valuable information regarding the future clinical development of Bcl-6 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Apoptosis in inner ear sensory hair cells. J Otol 2017; 12:151-164. [PMID: 29937851 PMCID: PMC6002637 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or controlled cell death, is a normal part of cellular lifespan. Cell death of cochlear hair cells causes deafness; an apoptotic process that is not well understood. Worldwide, 1.3 billion humans suffer some form of hearing loss, while 360 million suffer debilitating hearing loss as a direct result of the absence of these cochlear hair cells (Worldwide Hearing, 2014). Much is known about apoptosis in other systems and in other cell types thanks to studies done since the mid-20th century. Here we review current literature on apoptosis in general, and causes of deafness and cochlear hair cells loss as a result of apoptosis. The family of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) proteins are among the most studied and characterized. We will review current literature on the Bcl2 and Bcl6 protein interactions in relation to apoptosis and their possible roles in vulnerability and survival of cochlear hair cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jallades L, Baseggio L, Sujobert P, Huet S, Chabane K, Callet-Bauchu E, Verney A, Hayette S, Desvignes JP, Salgado D, Levy N, Béroud C, Felman P, Berger F, Magaud JP, Genestier L, Salles G, Traverse-Glehen A. Exome sequencing identifies recurrent BCOR alterations and the absence of KLF2, TNFAIP3 and MYD88 mutations in splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2017; 102:1758-1766. [PMID: 28751561 PMCID: PMC5622860 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.160192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma is an indolent small B-cell lymphoma recognized as a provisional entity in the World Health Organization 2008 classification. Its precise relationship to other related splenic B-cell lymphomas with frequent leukemic involvement or other lymphoproliferative disorders remains undetermined. We performed whole-exome sequencing to explore the genetic landscape of ten cases of splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma using paired tumor and normal samples. A selection of 109 somatic mutations was then evaluated in a cohort including 42 samples of splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma and compared to those identified in 46 samples of splenic marginal zone lymphoma and eight samples of hairy-cell leukemia. Recurrent mutations or losses in BCOR (the gene encoding the BCL6 corepressor) – frameshift (n=3), nonsense (n=2), splicing site (n=1), and copy number loss (n=4) – were identified in 10/42 samples of splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (24%), whereas only one frameshift mutation was identified in 46 cases of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (2%). Inversely, KLF2, TNFAIP3 and MYD88, common mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma, were rare (one KLF2 mutant in 42 samples; 2%) or absent (TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma. These findings define an original genetic profile of splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma and suggest that the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this lymphoma are distinct from those of splenic marginal zone lymphoma and hairy-cell leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Jallades
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Lucile Baseggio
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Pierre Sujobert
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France
| | - Sarah Huet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France
| | - Kaddour Chabane
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Evelyne Callet-Bauchu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France
| | - Aurélie Verney
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France
| | - Sandrine Hayette
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Desvignes
- Aix-Marseille Université, GMGF, 13385, Marseillee, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - David Salgado
- Aix-Marseille Université, GMGF, 13385, Marseillee, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix-Marseille Université, GMGF, 13385, Marseillee, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital TIMONE Enfants, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix-Marseille Université, GMGF, 13385, Marseillee, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital TIMONE Enfants, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Felman
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Françoise Berger
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Magaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France .,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'Hématologie, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Team "Clinical and Experimental Models of Lymphomagenesis", Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Oulins, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Marseillee, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Novel High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Morphologic Mimicker of Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:12-24. [PMID: 27631520 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are often underpinned by recurrent chromosomal translocations resulting in the fusion of genes involved in epigenetic regulation. To date, only YWHAE-NUTM2 rearrangements are associated with distinctive high-grade morphology and aggressive clinical behavior. We identified 3 ESS morphologically mimicking myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and sought to describe their unique histopathologic features and identify genetic alterations using next-generation sequencing. All cases displayed predominantly spindled cells associated with abundant myxoid stroma and brisk mitotic activity. Tumors involved the endometrium and demonstrated tongue-like myometrial infiltration. All 3 were associated with an aggressive clinical course, including multisite bony metastases in 1 patient, progressive peritoneal disease after chemotherapy in another, and metastases to the lung and skin in the last patient. All 3 ESS were found to harbor ZC3H7B-BCOR gene fusions by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. On the basis of the review of these cases, we find that ESS with ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion constitutes a novel type of high-grade ESS and shares significant morphologic overlap with myxoid leiomyosarcoma.
Collapse
|
19
|
Valls E, Lobry C, Geng H, Wang L, Cardenas M, Rivas M, Cerchietti L, Oh P, Yang SN, Oswald E, Graham CW, Jiang Y, Hatzi K, Agirre X, Perkey E, Li Z, Tam W, Bhatt K, Leonard JP, Zweidler-McKay PA, Maillard I, Elemento O, Ci W, Aifantis I, Melnick A. BCL6 Antagonizes NOTCH2 to Maintain Survival of Human Follicular Lymphoma Cells. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:506-521. [PMID: 28232365 PMCID: PMC5413414 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the BCL6 transcriptional repressor is frequently expressed in human follicular lymphomas (FL), its biological role in this disease remains unknown. Herein, we comprehensively identify the set of gene promoters directly targeted by BCL6 in primary human FLs. We noted that BCL6 binds and represses NOTCH2 and NOTCH pathway genes. Moreover, BCL6 and NOTCH2 pathway gene expression is inversely correlated in FL. Notably, BCL6 upregulation is associated with repression of NOTCH2 and its target genes in primary human and murine germinal center (GC) cells. Repression of NOTCH2 is an essential function of BCL6 in FL and GC B cells because inducible expression of Notch2 abrogated GC formation in mice and killed FL cells. Indeed, BCL6-targeting compounds or gene silencing leads to the induction of NOTCH2 activity and compromises survival of FL cells, whereas NOTCH2 depletion or pathway antagonists rescue FL cells from such effects. Moreover, BCL6 inhibitors induced NOTCH2 expression and suppressed growth of human FL xenografts in vivo and primary human FL specimens ex vivo These studies suggest that established FLs are thus dependent on BCL6 through its suppression of NOTCH2Significance: We show that human FLs are dependent on BCL6, and primary human FLs can be killed using specific BCL6 inhibitors. Integrative genomics and functional studies of BCL6 in primary FL cells point toward a novel mechanism whereby BCL6 repression of NOTCH2 drives the survival and growth of FL cells as well as GC B cells, which are the FL cell of origin. Cancer Discov; 7(5); 506-21. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 443.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Valls
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Camille Lobry
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1170, Villejuif and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Huimin Geng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ling Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mariano Cardenas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Martín Rivas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Philmo Oh
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Erin Oswald
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Camille W Graham
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eric Perkey
- Life Sciences Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kamala Bhatt
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John P Leonard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Weimin Ci
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Manojlovic Z, Earwood R, Kato A, Perez D, Cabrera OA, Didier R, Megraw TL, Stefanovic B, Kato Y. La-related protein 6 controls ciliated cell differentiation. Cilia 2017; 6:4. [PMID: 28344782 PMCID: PMC5364628 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background La-related protein 6 (LARP6) is an evolutionally conserved RNA-binding protein. Vertebrate LARP6 binds the 5′ stem-loop found in mRNAs encoding type I collagen to regulate their translation, but other target mRNAs and additional functions for LARP6 are unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate an additional function of LARP6 and to evaluate the importance of its function during development. Methods To uncover the role of LARP6 in development, we utilized Morpholino Oligos to deplete LARP6 protein in Xenopus embryos. Then, embryonic phenotypes and ciliary structures of LAPR6 morphants were examined. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying ciliogenesis regulated by LARP6, we tested the expression level of cilia-related genes, which play important roles in ciliogenesis, by RT-PCR or whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Results We knocked down LARP6 in Xenopus embryos and found neural tube closure defects. LARP6 mutant, which compromises the collagen synthesis, could rescue these defects. Neural tube closure defects are coincident with lack of cilia, antenna-like cellular organelles with motility- or sensory-related functions, in the neural tube. The absence of cilia at the epidermis was also observed in LARP6 morphants, and this defect was due to the absence of basal bodies which are formed from centrioles and required for ciliary assembly. In the process of multi-ciliated cell (MCC) differentiation, mcidas, which activates the transcription of genes required for centriole formation during ciliogenesis, could partially restore MCCs in LARP6 morphants. In addition, LARP6 likely controls the expression of mcidas in a Notch-independent manner. Conclusions La-related protein 6 is involved in ciliated cell differentiation during development by controlling the expression of cilia-related genes including mcidas. This LARP6 function involves a mechanism that is distinct from its established role in binding to collagen mRNAs and regulating their translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13630-017-0047-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA.,Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
| | - Ryan Earwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Diana Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Oscar A Cabrera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Ruth Didier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch signalling pathway functions in many different developmental and homeostatic processes, which raises the question of how this pathway can achieve such diverse outcomes. With a direct route from the membrane to the nucleus, the Notch pathway has fewer opportunities for regulation than do many other signalling pathways, yet it generates exquisitely patterned structures, including sensory hair cells and branched arterial networks. More confusingly, its activity promotes tissue growth and cancers in some circumstances but cell death and tumour suppression in others. Many different regulatory mechanisms help to shape the activity of the Notch pathway, generating functional outputs that are appropriate for each context. These mechanisms include the receptor-ligand landscape, the tissue topology, the nuclear environment and the connectivity of the regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Bray
- Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duncan AR, Khokha MK. Xenopus as a model organism for birth defects-Congenital heart disease and heterotaxy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 51:73-9. [PMID: 26910255 PMCID: PMC4809202 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of birth defects, affecting 9 out of 1000 newborns each year. A particularly severe form of congenital heart disease is heterotaxy, a disorder of left-right development. Despite aggressive surgical management, patients with heterotaxy have poor survival rates and severe morbidity due to their complex congenital heart disease. Recent genetic analysis of affected patients has found novel candidate genes for heterotaxy although their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this review, we discuss the importance and challenges of birth defects research including high locus heterogeneity and few second alleles that make defining disease causality difficult. A powerful strategy moving forward is to analyze these candidate genes in a high-throughput human disease model. Xenopus is ideal for these studies. We present multiple examples demonstrating the power of Xenopus in discovering new biology from the analysis of candidate heterotaxy genes such as GALNT11, NEK2 and BCOR. These genes have diverse roles in embryos and have led to a greater understanding of complex signaling pathways and basic developmental biology. It is our hope that the mechanistic analysis of these candidate genes in Xenopus enabled by next generation sequencing of patients will provide clinicians with a greater understanding of patient pathophysiology allowing more precise and personalized medicine, to help patients more effectively in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li XY, Zhai WJ, Teng CB. Notch Signaling in Pancreatic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010048. [PMID: 26729103 PMCID: PMC4730293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a significant role in embryonic cell fate determination and adult tissue homeostasis. Various studies have demonstrated the deep involvement of Notch signaling in the development of the pancreas and the lateral inhibition of Notch signaling in pancreatic progenitor differentiation and maintenance. The targeted inactivation of the Notch pathway components promotes premature differentiation of the endocrine pancreas. However, there is still the contrary opinion that Notch signaling specifies the endocrine lineage. Here, we review the current knowledge of the Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic development and its crosstalk with the Wingless and INT-1 (Wnt) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Zhai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang L, Zhang H, Rodriguez S, Cao L, Parish J, Mumaw C, Zollman A, Kamoka MM, Mu J, Chen DZ, Srour EF, Chitteti BR, HogenEsch H, Tu X, Bellido TM, Boswell HS, Manshouri T, Verstovsek S, Yoder MC, Kapur R, Cardoso AA, Carlesso N. Notch-dependent repression of miR-155 in the bone marrow niche regulates hematopoiesis in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 15:51-65. [PMID: 24996169 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA miR-155 has been implicated in regulating inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis, but its precise role in linking inflammation and cancer has remained elusive. Here, we identify a connection between miR-155 and Notch signaling in this context. Loss of Notch signaling in the bone marrow (BM) niche alters hematopoietic homeostasis and leads to lethal myeloproliferative-like disease. Mechanistically, Notch signaling represses miR-155 expression by promoting binding of RBPJ to the miR-155 promoter. Loss of Notch/RBPJ signaling upregulates miR-155 in BM endothelial cells, leading to miR-155-mediated targeting of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor κB-Ras1, NF-κB activation, and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. Deletion of miR-155 in the stroma of RBPJ(-/-) mice prevented the development of myeloproliferative-like disease and cytokine induction. Analysis of BM from patients carrying myeloproliferative neoplasia also revealed elevated expression of miR-155. Thus, the Notch/miR-155/κB-Ras1/NF-κB axis regulates the inflammatory state of the BM niche and affects the development of myeloproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sonia Rodriguez
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liyun Cao
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan Parish
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christen Mumaw
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amy Zollman
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Malgorzata M Kamoka
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jian Mu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Danny Z Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brahmananda R Chitteti
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresita M Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - H Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taghi Manshouri
- Leukemia Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Leukemia Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tözser J, Earwood R, Kato A, Brown J, Tanaka K, Didier R, Megraw TL, Blum M, Kato Y. TGF-β Signaling Regulates the Differentiation of Motile Cilia. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1000-7. [PMID: 25959824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cilium is a small cellular organelle with motility- and/or sensory-related functions that plays a crucial role during developmental and homeostatic processes. Although many molecules or signal transduction pathways that control cilia assembly have been reported, the mechanisms of ciliary length control have remained enigmatic. Here, we report that Smad2-dependent transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling impacts the length of motile cilia at the Xenopus left-right (LR) organizer, the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP), as well as at the neural tube and the epidermis. Blocking TGF-β signaling resulted in the absence of the transition zone protein B9D1/MSKR-1 from cilia in multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) of the epidermis. Interestingly, this TGF-β activity is not mediated by Mcidas, Foxj1, and RFX2, the known major regulators of ciliogenesis. These data indicate that TGF-β signaling is crucial for the function of the transition zone, which in turn may affect the regulation of cilia length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Tözser
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrtraβe 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ryan Earwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Jacob Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Ruth Didier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - Martin Blum
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrtraβe 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Capaccione KM, Hong X, Morgan KM, Liu W, Bishop JM, Liu L, Markert E, Deen M, Minerowicz C, Bertino JR, Allen T, Pine SR. Sox9 mediates Notch1-induced mesenchymal features in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3636-50. [PMID: 25004243 PMCID: PMC4116509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox9 has gained increasing importance both functionally and as a prognostic factor in cancer. We demonstrate a functional role for Sox9 in inducing a mesenchymal phenotype in lung ADC. We show that Sox9 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in lung ADC, particularly those with KRAS mutations. Sox9 expression correlated with the Notch target gene Hes1, and numerous other Notch pathway components. We observed that Sox9 is a potent inducer of lung cancer cell motility and invasion, and a negative regulator of E-cadherin, a key protein that is lost during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, we show that Notch1 signaling directly regulates Sox9 expression through a SOX9 promoter binding site, independently of the TGF-β pathway, and that Sox9 participates in Notch-1 induced cell motility, cell invasion, and loss of E-cadherin expression. Together, the results identify a new functional role for a Notch1-Sox9 signaling axis in lung ADC that may explain the correlation of Sox9 with tumor progression, higher tumor grade, and poor lung cancer survival. In addition to Notch and TGF-β, Sox9 also acts downstream of NF-κB, BMP, EGFR, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, Sox9 could potentially act as a hub to mediate cross-talk among key oncogenic pathways in lung ADC. Targeting Sox9 expression or transcriptional activity could potentially reduce resistance to targeted therapy for lung ADC caused by pathway redundancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Capaccione
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Piscataway, New Jersey; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon R Pine
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Piscataway, New Jersey; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tiberi L, Bonnefont J, van den Ameele J, Le Bon SD, Herpoel A, Bilheu A, Baron BW, Vanderhaeghen P. A BCL6/BCOR/SIRT1 complex triggers neurogenesis and suppresses medulloblastoma by repressing Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:797-812. [PMID: 25490446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted differentiation during development can lead to oncogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify BCL6, a transcriptional repressor and lymphoma oncoprotein, as a pivotal factor required for neurogenesis and tumor suppression of medulloblastoma (MB). BCL6 is necessary for and capable of preventing the development of GNP-derived MB in mice, and can block the growth of human MB cells in vitro. BCL6 neurogenic and oncosuppressor effects rely on direct transcriptional repression of Gli1 and Gli2 effectors of the SHH pathway, through recruitment of BCOR corepressor and SIRT1 deacetylase. Our findings identify the BCL6/BCOR/SIRT1 complex as a potent repressor of the SHH pathway in normal and oncogenic neural development, with direct diagnostic and/or therapeutic relevance for SHH MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tiberi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Bonnefont
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge-Daniel Le Bon
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adèle Herpoel
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angéline Bilheu
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beverly W Baron
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
A potential molecular pathogenesis of cardiac/laterality defects in Oculo-Facio-Cardio-Dental syndrome. Dev Biol 2014; 387:28-36. [PMID: 24440151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pitx2 is the last effector of the left-right (LR) cascade known to date and plays a crucial role in the patterning of LR asymmetry. In Xenopus embryos, the expression of Pitx2 gene in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is directly regulated by Xnr1 signaling, which is mediated by Smads and FoxH1. Previous studies suggest that the suppression of Pitx2 gene in the left LPM is a potential cause of cardiac/laterality defects in Oculo-Facio-Cardio-Dental (OFCD) syndrome, which is known to be caused by mutations in BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) gene. Recently, our work has revealed that the BCL6/BCOR complex blocks Notch-dependent transcriptional activity to protect the expression of Pitx2 in the left LPM from the inhibitory activity of Notch signaling. These studies indicated that uncontrolled Notch activity in the left LPM caused by dysfunction of BCOR may result in cardiac/laterality defects of OFCD syndrome. However, this Notch-dependent inhibitory mechanism of Pitx2 gene transcription still remains unknown. Here we report that transcriptional repressor ESR1, which acts downstream of Notch signaling, inhibits the expression of Pitx2 gene by binding to a left side-specific enhancer (ASE) region in Pitx2 gene and recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to this region. Once HDAC1 is tethered, histone acetyltransferase p300 is no longer recruited to the Xnr1-dependent transcriptional complex on the ASE region, leading to the suppression of Pitx2 gene in the left LPM. The study presented here uncovers the regulatory mechanism of Pitx2 gene transcription which may contribute to an understanding of pathogenesis of OFCD syndrome.
Collapse
|
29
|
Turkel N, Sahota VK, Bolden JE, Goulding KR, Doggett K, Willoughby LF, Blanco E, Martin-Blanco E, Corominas M, Ellul J, Aigaki T, Richardson HE, Brumby AM. The BTB-zinc finger transcription factor abrupt acts as an epithelial oncogene in Drosophila melanogaster through maintaining a progenitor-like cell state. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003627. [PMID: 23874226 PMCID: PMC3715428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of tumour cells to maintain continual overgrowth potential has been linked to the commandeering of normal self-renewal pathways. Using an epithelial cancer model in Drosophila melanogaster, we carried out an overexpression screen for oncogenes capable of cooperating with the loss of the epithelial apico-basal cell polarity regulator, scribbled (scrib), and identified the cell fate regulator, Abrupt, a BTB-zinc finger protein. Abrupt overexpression alone is insufficient to transform cells, but in cooperation with scrib loss of function, Abrupt promotes the formation of massive tumours in the eye/antennal disc. The steroid hormone receptor coactivator, Taiman (a homologue of SRC3/AIB1), is known to associate with Abrupt, and Taiman overexpression also drives tumour formation in cooperation with the loss of Scrib. Expression arrays and ChIP-Seq indicates that Abrupt overexpression represses a large number of genes, including steroid hormone-response genes and multiple cell fate regulators, thereby maintaining cells within an epithelial progenitor-like state. The progenitor-like state is characterised by the failure to express the conserved Eyes absent/Dachshund regulatory complex in the eye disc, and in the antennal disc by the failure to express cell fate regulators that define the temporal elaboration of the appendage along the proximo-distal axis downstream of Distalless. Loss of scrib promotes cooperation with Abrupt through impaired Hippo signalling, which is required and sufficient for cooperative overgrowth with Abrupt, and JNK (Jun kinase) signalling, which is required for tumour cell migration/invasion but not overgrowth. These results thus identify a novel cooperating oncogene, identify mammalian family members of which are also known oncogenes, and demonstrate that epithelial tumours in Drosophila can be characterised by the maintenance of a progenitor-like state. Cancer is a multigenic process, involving cooperative interactions between oncogenes or tumour suppressors. In this study, in a genetic screen in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, for genes that cooperate with a mutation in the cell polarity (shape) regulator, scribbled (scrib), we identify a novel cooperative oncogene, abrupt. Expression of abrupt in scrib mutant tissue in the developing eye/antennal epithelium results in overgrown invasive tumours. abrupt encodes a BTB-zinc finger transcription factor, which has homology to several cancer-causing proteins in humans, such as BCL6. Analysis of the Abrupt targets and misexpressed genes in abrupt expressing-tissue and abrupt-expressing scrib mutant tumours, revealed cell fate regulators as a major class of targets. Thus, our results reveal that deregulation of multiple cell fate factors by Abrupt expression in the context of polarity disruption is associated with a progenitor-like cell state and the formation of overgrown invasive tumours. Our findings suggest that defective polarity may also be a critical factor in BTB-zinc finger-driven human cancers, and warrants further investigation into this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nezaket Turkel
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virender K. Sahota
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Bolden
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen R. Goulding
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee F. Willoughby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Departament de Genètica i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason Ellul
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helena E. Richardson
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony M. Brumby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee J, Lee BK, Gross JM. Bcl6a function is required during optic cup formation to prevent p53-dependent apoptosis and colobomata. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3568-82. [PMID: 23669349 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BCOR (Bcl6 corepressor) are found in patients with oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome, a congenital disorder affecting visual system development, and loss-of-function studies in zebrafish and Xenopus demonstrate a role for Bcor during normal optic cup development in preventing colobomata. The mechanism whereby BCOR functions during eye development to prevent colobomata is not known, but in other contexts it serves as a transcriptional corepressor that potentiates transcriptional repression by B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6). Here, we have explored the function of the zebrafish ortholog of Bcl6, Bcl6a, during eye development, and our results demonstrate that Bcl6a, like Bcor, is required to prevent colobomata during optic cup formation. Our data demonstrate that Bcl6a acts downstream of Vax1 and Vax2, known regulators of ventral optic cup formation and choroid fissure closure, and that bcl6a is a direct target of Vax2. Together, this regulatory network functions to repress p53 expression and thereby suppress apoptosis in the developing optic cup. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that Bcl6a functions cooperatively with Bcor, Rnf2 and Hdac1 in a common gene regulatory network that acts to repress p53 and prevent colobomata. Together, these data support a model in which p53-dependent apoptosis needs to be tightly regulated for normal optic cup formation and that Bcl6a, Bcor, Rnf2 and Hdac1 activities mediate this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Lee
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu Y, Xu C, Kato A, Tempel W, Abreu JG, Bian C, Hu Y, Hu D, Zhao B, Cerovina T, Diao J, Wu F, He HH, Cui Q, Clark E, Ma C, Barbara A, Veenstra GJC, Xu G, Kaiser UB, Liu XS, Sugrue SP, He X, Min J, Kato Y, Shi YG. Tet3 CXXC domain and dioxygenase activity cooperatively regulate key genes for Xenopus eye and neural development. Cell 2012; 151:1200-13. [PMID: 23217707 PMCID: PMC3705565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ten-Eleven Translocation (Tet) family of dioxygenases dynamically regulates DNA methylation and has been implicated in cell lineage differentiation and oncogenesis. Yet their functions and mechanisms of action in gene regulation and embryonic development are largely unknown. Here, we report that Xenopus Tet3 plays an essential role in early eye and neural development by directly regulating a set of key developmental genes. Tet3 is an active 5mC hydroxylase regulating the 5mC/5hmC status at target gene promoters. Biochemical and structural studies further demonstrate that the Tet3 CXXC domain is critical for specific Tet3 targeting. Finally, we show that the enzymatic activity and CXXC domain are both crucial for Tet3's biological function. Together, these findings define Tet3 as a transcription regulator and reveal a molecular mechanism by which the 5mC hydroxylase and DNA binding activities of Tet3 cooperate to control target gene expression and embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Wolfram Tempel
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jose Garcia Abreu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chuanbing Bian
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yeguang Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tanja Cerovina
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jianbo Diao
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingyan Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Erin Clark
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Andrew Barbara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gert Jan C. Veenstra
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Guoliang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - X. Shirley Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen P. Sugrue
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xi He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yujiang Geno Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
BCL6 controls neurogenesis through Sirt1-dependent epigenetic repression of selective Notch targets. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:1627-35. [PMID: 23160044 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During neurogenesis, neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) undergo an irreversible fate transition to become neurons. The Notch pathway is important for this process, and repression of Notch-dependent Hes genes is essential for triggering differentiation. However, Notch signaling often remains active throughout neuronal differentiation, implying a change in the transcriptional responsiveness to Notch during the neurogenic transition. We identified Bcl6, an oncogene, as encoding a proneurogenic factor that is required for proper neurogenesis of the mouse cerebral cortex. BCL6 promoted the neurogenic conversion by switching the composition of Notch-dependent transcriptional complexes at the Hes5 promoter. BCL6 triggered exclusion of the co-activator Mastermind-like 1 and recruitment of the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase Sirt1, which was required for BCL6-dependent neurogenesis. The resulting epigenetic silencing of Hes5 led to neuronal differentiation despite active Notch signaling. Our findings suggest a role for BCL6 in neurogenesis and uncover Notch-BCL6-Sirt1 interactions that may affect other aspects of physiology and disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Watson PJ, Fairall L, Schwabe JW. Nuclear hormone receptor co-repressors: structure and function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:440-9. [PMID: 21925568 PMCID: PMC3315023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Co-repressor proteins, such as SMRT and NCoR, mediate the repressive activity of unliganded nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. They appear to act as intrinsically disordered "hub proteins" that integrate the activities of a range of transcription factors with a number of histone modifying enzymes. Although these co-repressor proteins are challenging targets for structural studies due to their largely unstructured character, a number of structures have recently been determined of co-repressor interaction regions in complex with their interacting partners. These have yielded considerable insight into the mechanism of assembly of these complexes, the structural basis for the specificity of the interactions and also open opportunities for targeting these interactions therapeutically.
Collapse
|
34
|
Oyama T, Harigaya K, Sasaki N, Okamura Y, Kokubo H, Saga Y, Hozumi K, Suganami A, Tamura Y, Nagase T, Koga H, Nishimura M, Sakamoto R, Sato M, Yoshida N, Kitagawa M. Mastermind-like 1 (MamL1) and mastermind-like 3 (MamL3) are essential for Notch signaling in vivo. Development 2012; 138:5235-46. [PMID: 22069191 DOI: 10.1242/dev.062802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mastermind (Mam) is one of the elements of Notch signaling, a system that plays a pivotal role in metazoan development. Mam proteins form transcriptionally activating complexes with the intracellular domains of Notch, which are generated in response to the ligand-receptor interaction, and CSL DNA-binding proteins. In mammals, three structurally divergent Mam isoforms (MamL1, MamL2 and MamL3) have been identified. There have also been indications that Mam interacts functionally with various other transcription factors, including the p53 tumor suppressor, β-catenin and NF-κB. We have demonstrated previously that disruption of MamL1 causes partial deficiency of Notch signaling in vivo. However, MamL1-deficient mice did not recapitulate total loss of Notch signaling, suggesting that other members could compensate for the loss or that Notch signaling could proceed in the absence of Mam in certain contexts. Here, we report the generation of lines of mice null for MamL3. Although MamL3-null mice showed no apparent abnormalities, mice null for both MamL1 and MamL3 died during the early organogenic period with classic pan-Notch defects. Furthermore, expression of the lunatic fringe gene, which is strictly controlled by Notch signaling in the posterior presomitic mesoderm, was undetectable in this tissue of the double-null embryos. Neither of the single-null embryos exhibited any of these phenotypes. These various roles of the three Mam proteins could be due to their differential physical characteristics and/or their spatiotemporal distributions. These results indicate that engagement of Mam is essential for Notch signaling, and that the three Mam isoforms have distinct roles in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinao Oyama
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vandenberg LN. Laterality defects are influenced by timing of treatments and animal model. Differentiation 2012; 83:26-37. [PMID: 22099174 PMCID: PMC3222854 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The timing of when the embryonic left-right (LR) axis is first established and the mechanisms driving this process are subjects of strong debate. While groups have focused on the role of cilia in establishing the LR axis during gastrula and neurula stages, many animals appear to orient the LR axis prior to the appearance of, or without the benefit of, motile cilia. Because of the large amount of data available in the published literature and the similarities in the type of data collected across laboratories, I have examined relationships between the studies that do and do not implicate cilia, the choice of animal model, the kinds of LR patterning defects observed, and the penetrance of LR phenotypes. I found that treatments affecting cilia structure and motility had a higher penetrance for both altered gene expression and improper organ placement compared to treatments that affect processes in early cleavage stage embryos. I also found differences in penetrance that could be attributed to the animal models used; the mouse is highly prone to LR randomization. Additionally, the data were examined to address whether gene expression can be used to predict randomized organ placement. Using regression analysis, gene expression was found to be predictive of organ placement in frogs, but much less so in the other animals examined. Together, these results challenge previous ideas about the conservation of LR mechanisms, with the mouse model being significantly different from fish, frogs, and chick in almost every aspect examined. Additionally, this analysis indicates that there may be missing pieces in the molecular pathways that dictate how genetic information becomes organ positional information in vertebrates; these gaps will be important for future studies to identify, as LR asymmetry is not only a fundamentally fascinating aspect of development but also of considerable biomedical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- Tufts University, Center for Regenerative & Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Medford MA 02155
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cave JW. Selective repression of Notch pathway target gene transcription. Dev Biol 2011; 360:123-31. [PMID: 21963536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates metazoan development, in part, by directly controlling the transcription of target genes. For a given cellular context, however, only subsets of the known target genes are transcribed when the pathway is activated. Thus, there are context-dependent mechanisms that selectively maintain repression of target gene transcription when the Notch pathway is activated. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms that have been recently reported to mediate selective repression of Notch pathway target gene transcription. These mechanisms are essential for generating the complex spatial and temporal expression patterns of Notch target genes during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Cave
- Dept. of. Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, 785 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kato Y. The multiple roles of Notch signaling during left-right patterning. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2555-67. [PMID: 21544546 PMCID: PMC11114802 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry is regulated by intricate signaling mechanisms during embryogenesis and this asymmetry is critical for morphogenesis as well as the positioning of internal organs within the organism. Recent progress including elucidation of ion transporters, leftward nodal flow, and regulation of asymmetric gene expression contributes to our understanding of how the breaking of the symmetry is initiated and how this laterality information is subsequently transmitted to the organ primordium. A number of developmental signaling pathways have been implicated in this complex process. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the Notch signaling pathway during development of LR asymmetry. The Notch signaling pathway is a short-range communication system between neighboring cells. While Notch signaling plays essential roles in regulating the morphogenesis of the node and left-specific expression of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm, a hallmark gene in LR patterning, Notch signaling also suppresses the expression of Pitx2 that is a direct downstream target of Nodal during later stages of development. This negative activity of Notch signaling towards left-specific activity was recently shown to be inhibited by the B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)/BCL6 co-repressor (BcoR) transcriptional repressor complex in a target-specific manner. The complex regulation of Notch-dependent gene expression for LR asymmetry will be highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee G, Liang C, Park G, Jang C, Jung JU, Chung J. UVRAG is required for organ rotation by regulating Notch endocytosis in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2011; 356:588-97. [PMID: 21729695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterotaxy characterized by abnormal left-right body asymmetry causes diverse congenital anomalies. Organ rotation is a crucial developmental process to establish the left-right patterning during animal development. However, the molecular basis of how organ rotation is regulated is poorly understood. Here we report that Drosophila UV-resistance associated gene (UVRAG), a tumor suppressor that regulates autophagy and endocytosis, plays unexpected roles in controlling organ rotation. Loss-of-function mutants of UVRAG show seriously impaired organ rotation phenotypes, which are associated with defects in endocytic trafficking rather than autophagy. Blunted endocytic degradation by UVRAG deficiency causes endosomal accumulation of Notch, resulting in abnormally enhanced Notch activity. Knockdown of Notch itself or expression of a dominant negative form of Notch transcriptional co-activator Mastermind is sufficient to rescue the rotation defect in UVRAG mutants. Consistently, UVRAG-mutated heterotaxy patient cells also display highly increased Notch protein levels. These results suggest evolutionarily conserved roles of UVRAG in organ rotation by regulating Notch endocytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Waits ER, Nebert DW. Genetic architecture of susceptibility to PCB126-induced developmental cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122:466-75. [PMID: 21613231 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in risk of developmental defects caused by dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) has been demonstrated within and among several vertebrate species. Beyond our knowledge of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its role in mediating toxicity for this class of compounds, little else is known concerning precise downstream targets influencing this vulnerability. In the present study, zebrafish with divergent genetic backgrounds were screened for susceptibility to developmental cardiotoxicity caused by the prototypical DLC, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126); a range up to ∼40-fold differences was observed. Differentially sensitive zebrafish were chosen for a genetic cross, and the recombinant generation was used for genome-wide quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Multiple QTLs were identified--several acting alone, one additively, and two others via epistatic interaction. Together, these QTLs account for 24% of the phenotypic variance observed in cardioteratogenicity resulting from PCB126 exposure (logarithm of the odds = 13.55, p = 1.89 × 10⁻¹⁰). Candidate genes in these QTL regions include the following: ahr2, bcor, and capn1 (Chr 22); e2f1 and pdyn (Chr 23); ctnnt2, plcg1, eno3, tgm1, and tgm2 (interacting on Chr 23); and vezf1 (Chr 15). These data demonstrate that DLC-induced cardiac teratogenicity is a multifactorial complex trait influenced by gene × gene and gene × environment interactions. The identified QTLs harbor many DLC-responsive genes critical to cardiovascular development and provide insight into the genetic basis of susceptibility to AHR-mediated developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Waits
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecological Exposure Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vandenberg LN, Levin M. Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:3131-46. [PMID: 21031419 PMCID: PMC10468760 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent laterality is a crucial aspect of embryonic development, physiology, and behavior. While strides have been made in understanding unilaterally expressed genes and the asymmetries of organogenesis, early mechanisms are still poorly understood. One popular model centers on the structure and function of motile cilia and subsequent chiral extracellular fluid flow during gastrulation. Alternative models focus on intracellular roles of the cytoskeleton in driving asymmetries of physiological signals or asymmetric chromatid segregation, at much earlier stages. All three models trace the origin of asymmetry back to the chirality of cytoskeletal organizing centers, but significant controversy exists about how this intracellular chirality is amplified onto cell fields. Analysis of specific predictions of each model and crucial recent data on new mutants suggest that ciliary function may not be a broadly conserved, initiating event in left-right patterning. Many questions about embryonic left-right asymmetry remain open, offering fascinating avenues for further research in cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- Biology Department, and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BCL6 is a transcription factor that has essential B-cell and T-cell roles in normal antibody responses. It is involved in chromosomal translocations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DBCL; including primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and is expressed in follicular lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. The neoplastic T-cells of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma also express BCL6. BCL6 prevents terminal B-cell differentiation largely through repression of PRDM1. In the "cell of origin" classification of DLBCL BCL6 is associated with the germinal centre subtype, which carries a good response to modern treatments. More recently, specific BCL6 antagonists, including small molecule inhibitors, have been developed. These antagonists have demonstrated that DLBCL cells, in which BCL6 is transcriptionally active, are dependent on this gene for survival. BCL6 antagonists are active against primary DLBCL and may find future application in the treatment of lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Wagner
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine and MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
O'Keefe DD, Edgar BA, Saucedo LJ. EndoGI modulates Notch signaling and axon guidance in Drosophila. Mech Dev 2010; 128:59-70. [PMID: 21055464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the Notch receptor has dramatically different effects depending on cell type and developmental timing. While a myriad of biological systems affected by Notch have been described, the molecular mechanisms by which a generic Notch signal is translated into a cell-type-specific output are less clear. Canonically, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) translocates into the nucleus upon ligand binding to transcriptionally regulate target genes. In order to generate specificity, therefore, additional factors must exist that modulate NICD activity. Here we describe a novel regulator of the Notch pathway, Endonuclease GI (EndoGI). EndoGI localizes to the nucleus of most cells and activates Notch signaling when overexpressed. In the absence of endoGI, mutant animals are viable, but uncoordinated as motor neurons fail to innervate their appropriate muscle targets. Our data is therefore consistent with EndoGI functioning as a positive regulator of the Notch signaling pathway, playing a critical role during axon guidance of motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D O'Keefe
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Av., N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Differential regulation of transcription through distinct Suppressor of Hairless DNA binding site architectures during Notch signaling in proneural clusters. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 31:22-9. [PMID: 21041480 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00003-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, achaete (ac) and m8 are model basic helix-loop-helix activator (bHLH A) and repressor genes, respectively, that have the opposite cell expression pattern in proneural clusters during Notch signaling. Previous studies have shown that activation of m8 transcription in specific cells within proneural clusters by Notch signaling is programmed by a "combinatorial" and "architectural" DNA transcription code containing binding sites for the Su(H) and proneural bHLH A proteins. Here we show the novel result that the ac promoter contains a similar combinatorial code of Su(H) and bHLH A binding sites but contains a different Su(H) site architectural code that does not mediate activation during Notch signaling, thus programming a cell expression pattern opposite that of m8 in proneural clusters.
Collapse
|
44
|
Aster JC, Blacklow SC, Pear WS. Notch signalling in T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma and other haematological malignancies. J Pathol 2010; 223:262-73. [PMID: 20967796 DOI: 10.1002/path.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors participate in a highly conserved signalling pathway that regulates normal development and tissue homeostasis in a context- and dose-dependent manner. Deregulated Notch signalling has been implicated in many diseases, but the clearest example of a pathogenic role is found in T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T-LL), in which the majority of human and murine tumours have acquired mutations that lead to aberrant increases in Notch1 signalling. Remarkably, it appears that the selective pressure for Notch mutations is virtually unique among cancers to T-LL, presumably reflecting a special context-dependent role for Notch in normal T-cell progenitors. Nevertheless, there are some recent reports suggesting that Notch signalling has subtle, yet important roles in other forms of haematological malignancy as well. Here, we review the role of Notch signalling in various blood cancers, focusing on T-LL with an eye towards targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Koch U, Radtke F. BCL6 and BCoR gang up on Notch to regulate left-right patterning. Dev Cell 2010; 18:338-40. [PMID: 20230742 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Sakano et al. describe a novel mechanism of how a key lymphocyte transcription factor crosstalks to Notch signaling during embryonic development and thereby selectively inhibits Notch-activated target genes to allow proper left-right patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|