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Li W, McCurdy S, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Lee HS. Genetic Inactivation of the β1 adrenergic receptor prevents Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592554. [PMID: 38746306 PMCID: PMC11092766 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Propranolol reduces experimental murine cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and prevents embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) lesions in zebrafish that follow mosaic inactivation of ccm2. Because morpholino silencing of the β1 adrenergic receptor (adrb1) prevents the embryonic CVP lesion, we proposed that adrb1 plays a role in CCM pathogenesis. Here we report that adrb1 -/- zebrafish exhibited 86% fewer CVP lesions and 87% reduction of CCM lesion volume relative to wild type brood mates at 2dpf and 8-10 weeks stage, respectively. Treatment with metoprolol, a β1 selective antagonist, yielded a similar reduction in CCM lesion volume. Adrb1 -/- zebrafish embryos exhibited reduced heart rate and contractility and reduced CVP blood flow. Similarly, slowing the heart and eliminating the blood flow in CVP by administration of 2,3-BDM suppressed the CVP lesion. In sum, our findings provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that the therapeutic effect of propranolol on CCM is achieved through β1 receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ho-Sup Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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2
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Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Ola R. Shear stress and pathophysiological PI3K involvement in vascular malformations. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172843. [PMID: 38747293 PMCID: PMC11093608 DOI: 10.1172/jci172843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of vascular anomalies has revealed that affected endothelial cells (ECs) harbor gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic α subunit of PI3Kα (PIK3CA). These PIK3CA mutations are known to cause solid cancers when occurring in other tissues. PIK3CA-related vascular anomalies, or "PIKopathies," range from simple, i.e., restricted to a particular form of malformation, to complex, i.e., presenting with a range of hyperplasia phenotypes, including the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum. Interestingly, development of PIKopathies is affected by fluid shear stress (FSS), a physiological stimulus caused by blood or lymph flow. These findings implicate PI3K in mediating physiological EC responses to FSS conditions characteristic of lymphatic and capillary vessel beds. Consistent with this hypothesis, increased PI3K signaling also contributes to cerebral cavernous malformations, a vascular disorder that affects low-perfused brain venous capillaries. Because the GOF activity of PI3K and its signaling partners are excellent drug targets, understanding PIK3CA's role in the development of vascular anomalies may inform therapeutic strategies to normalize EC responses in the diseased state. This Review focuses on PIK3CA's role in mediating EC responses to FSS and discusses current understanding of PIK3CA dysregulation in a range of vascular anomalies that particularly affect low-perfused regions of the vasculature. We also discuss recent surprising findings linking increased PI3K signaling to fast-flow arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxana Ola
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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3
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Yordanov TE, Keyser MS, Enriquez Martinez MA, Esposito T, Tefft JB, Morris EK, Labzin LI, Stehbens SJ, Rowan AE, Hogan BM, Chen CS, Lauko J, Lagendijk AK. Hyaluronic acid turnover controls the severity of cerebral cavernous malformations in bioengineered human micro-vessels. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016108. [PMID: 38352162 PMCID: PMC10864035 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that predominantly form in blood vessels of the central nervous system upon loss of the CCM multimeric protein complex. The endothelial cells within CCM lesions are characterized by overactive MEKK3 kinase and KLF2/4 transcription factor signaling, leading to pathological changes such as increased endothelial cell spreading and reduced junctional integrity. Concomitant to aberrant endothelial cell signaling, non-autonomous signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have also been implicated in CCM lesion growth and these factors might explain why CCM lesions mainly develop in the central nervous system. Here, we adapted a three-dimensional microfluidic system to examine CCM1 deficient human micro-vessels in distinctive extracellular matrices. We validate that pathological hallmarks are maintained in this model. We further show that key genes responsible for homeostasis of hyaluronic acid, a major extracellular matrix component of the central nervous system, are dysregulated in CCM. Supplementing the matrix in our model with distinct forms of hyaluronic acid inhibits pathological cell spreading and rescues barrier function. Hyaluronic acid acts by dampening cell-matrix adhesion signaling in CCM, either downstream or in parallel of KLF2/4. This study provides a proof-of-principle that ECM embedded 3D microfluidic models are ideally suited to identify how changes in ECM structure and signaling impact vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor E. Yordanov
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikaela S. Keyser
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marco A. Enriquez Martinez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Juliann B. Tefft
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Elysse K. Morris
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan E. Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Jan Lauko
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Schnitzler GR, Kang H, Fang S, Angom RS, Lee-Kim VS, Ma XR, Zhou R, Zeng T, Guo K, Taylor MS, Vellarikkal SK, Barry AE, Sias-Garcia O, Bloemendal A, Munson G, Guckelberger P, Nguyen TH, Bergman DT, Hinshaw S, Cheng N, Cleary B, Aragam K, Lander ES, Finucane HK, Mukhopadhyay D, Gupta RM, Engreitz JM. Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs. Nature 2024; 626:799-807. [PMID: 38326615 PMCID: PMC10921916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge1-3. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway1-6. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes. Here we introduce a method to connect GWAS variants to functions. This method links variants to genes using epigenomics data, links genes to pathways de novo using Perturb-seq and integrates these data to identify convergence of GWAS loci onto pathways. We apply this approach to study the role of endothelial cells in genetic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), and discover 43 CAD GWAS signals that converge on the cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) signalling pathway. Two regulators of this pathway, CCM2 and TLNRD1, are each linked to a CAD risk variant, regulate other CAD risk genes and affect atheroprotective processes in endothelial cells. These results suggest a model whereby CAD risk is driven in part by the convergence of causal genes onto a particular transcriptional pathway in endothelial cells. They highlight shared genes between common and rare vascular diseases (CAD and CCM), and identify TLNRD1 as a new, previously uncharacterized member of the CCM signalling pathway. This approach will be widely useful for linking variants to functions for other common polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Schnitzler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Kang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurelie E Barry
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Sias-Garcia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Bloemendal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tung H Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Cleary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Biological Design Center, and Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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He J, Blazeski A, Nilanthi U, Menéndez J, Pirani SC, Levic DS, Bagnat M, Singh MK, Raya JG, García-Cardeña G, Torres-Vázquez J. Plxnd1-mediated mechanosensing of blood flow controls the caliber of the Dorsal Aorta via the transcription factor Klf2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.576555. [PMID: 38328196 PMCID: PMC10849625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.576555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system generates and responds to mechanical forces. The heartbeat pumps blood through a network of vascular tubes, which adjust their caliber in response to the hemodynamic environment. However, how endothelial cells in the developing vascular system integrate inputs from circulatory forces into signaling pathways to define vessel caliber is poorly understood. Using vertebrate embryos and in vitro-assembled microvascular networks of human endothelial cells as models, flow and genetic manipulations, and custom software, we reveal that Plexin-D1, an endothelial Semaphorin receptor critical for angiogenic guidance, employs its mechanosensing activity to serve as a crucial positive regulator of the Dorsal Aorta's (DA) caliber. We also uncover that the flow-responsive transcription factor KLF2 acts as a paramount mechanosensitive effector of Plexin-D1 that enlarges endothelial cells to widen the vessel. These findings illuminate the molecular and cellular mechanisms orchestrating the interplay between cardiovascular development and hemodynamic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Uthayanan Nilanthi
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samuel C. Pirani
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609
| | - José G Raya
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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6
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Shin K, Begeman IJ, Cao J, Kang J. leptin b and its regeneration enhancer illustrate the regenerative features of zebrafish hearts. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:91-106. [PMID: 36495292 PMCID: PMC10256838 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish possess a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is mediated by the induction of various genes upon injury. Injury-dependent transcription is governed by the tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs). Here, we utilized leptin b (lepb), an injury-specific factor, and its TREE to dissect heterogeneity of noncardiomyocytes (CMs) in regenerating hearts. RESULTS Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis demonstrated that the endothelium/endocardium(EC) is activated to induce distinct subpopulations upon injury. We demonstrated that lepb can be utilized as a regeneration-specific marker to subset injury-activated ECs. lepb+ ECs robustly induce pro-regenerative factors, implicating lepb+ ECs as a signaling center to interact with other cardiac cells. Our scRNA-seq analysis identified that lepb is also produced by subpopulation of epicardium (Epi) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). To determine whether lepb labels injury-emerging non-CM cells, we tested the activity of lepb-linked regeneration enhancer (LEN) with chromatin accessibility profiles and transgenic lines. While nondetectable in uninjured hearts, LEN directs EC and Epi/EPDC expression upon injury. The endogenous LEN activity was assessed using LEN deletion lines, demonstrating that LEN deletion abolished injury-dependent expression of lepb, but not other nearby genes. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analyses identify regeneration-emerging cell-types and factors, leading to the discovery of regenerative features of hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ian J. Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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7
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Lazzaroni F, Meessen JMTA, Sun Y, Lanfranconi S, Scola E, D'Alessandris QG, Tassi L, Carriero MR, Castori M, Marino S, Blanda A, Nicolis EB, Novelli D, Calabrese R, Agnelli NM, Bottazzi B, Leone R, Mazzola S, Besana S, Catozzi C, Nezi L, Lampugnani MG, Malinverno M, Grdseloff N, Rödel CJ, Rezai Jahromi B, Bolli N, Passamonti F, Magnusson PU, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Dejana E, Latini R. Circulating biomarkers in familial cerebral cavernous malformation. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104914. [PMID: 38113759 PMCID: PMC10767159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a rare cerebrovascular disease, characterized by the presence of multiple vascular malformations that may result in intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs), seizure(s), or focal neurological deficits (FND). Familial CCM (fCCM) is due to loss of function mutations in one of the three independent genes KRIT1 (CCM1), Malcavernin (CCM2), or Programmed Cell death 10 (PDCD10/CCM3). The aim of this study was to identify plasma protein biomarkers of fCCM to assess the severity of the disease and predict its progression. METHODS Here, we have investigated plasma samples derived from n = 71 symptomatic fCCM patients (40 female/31 male) and n = 17 healthy donors (HD) (9 female/8 male) of the Phase 1/2 Treat_CCM trial, using multiplexed protein profiling approaches. FINDINGS Biomarkers as sCD14 (p = 0.00409), LBP (p = 0.02911), CXCL4 (p = 0.038), ICAM-1 (p = 0.02013), ANG2 (p = 0.026), CCL5 (p = 0.00403), THBS1 (p = 0.0043), CRP (p = 0.0092), and HDL (p = 0.027), were significantly different in fCCM compared to HDs. Of note, sENG (p = 0.011), THBS1 (p = 0.011) and CXCL4 (p = 0.011), were correlated to CCM genotype. sROBO4 (p = 0.014), TM (p = 0.026) and CRP (p = 0.040) were able to predict incident adverse clinical events, such as ICH, FND or seizure. GDF-15, FLT3L, CXCL9, FGF-21 and CDCP1, were identified as predictors of the formation of new MRI-detectable lesions over 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, the functional relevance of ang2, thbs1, robo4 and cdcp1 markers was validated by zebrafish pre-clinical model of fCCM. INTERPRETATION Overall, our study identifies a set of biochemical parameters to predict CCM progression, suggesting biological interpretations and potential therapeutic approaches to CCM disease. FUNDING Italian Medicines Agency, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC), ERC, Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence, Swedish Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lazzaroni
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jennifer M T A Meessen
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Lanfranconi
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scola
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Tassi
- Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Centre, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Carriero
- Cerebrovascular Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Blanda
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico B Nicolis
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Novelli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Calabrese
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò M Agnelli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Selene Mazzola
- Laboratory Medicine, Desio Hospital, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Besana
- Laboratory Medicine, Desio Hospital, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Catozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria G Lampugnani
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia J Rödel
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Passamonti
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Unit, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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8
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Zhu H, Liao D, Mehmood MA, Huang Y, Yuan W, Zheng J, Ma Y, Peng Y, Tian G, Xiao X, Lan C, Li L, Xu K, Lu H, Wang N. Systolic heart failure induced by butylparaben in zebrafish is caused through oxidative stress and immunosuppression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115692. [PMID: 37981439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to Butylparaben (BuP) widespread application in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and its presence as an environmental residue, human and animal exposure to BuP is common, potentially posing hazards to both human and animal health. Congenital heart disease is already a serious problem. However, the effects of BuP on the developing heart and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally and human-relevant concentrations of BuP (0.6 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 1.8 mg/L, calculated but not measured) at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) and were treated until 72 hpf. Exposure to BuP led to cardiac morphological defects and cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos, manifesting symptoms similar to systolic heart failure. The etiology of BuP-induced systolic heart failure in zebrafish embryos is multifactorial, including cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endocardial and atrioventricular valve damage, insufficient myocardial energy, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, depletion of cardiac-resident macrophages, cardiac immune non-responsiveness, and cardiac oxidative stress. However, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac region and cardiac immunosuppression (depletion of cardiac-resident macrophages and cardiac immune non-responsiveness) may be the predominant factors. In conclusion, this study indicates that BuP is a potential hazardous substance that can cause adverse effects on the developing heart and provides evidence and insights into the pathological mechanisms by which BuP leads to cardiac dysfunction. It may help to prevent the BuP-based congenital heart disease heart failure in human through ameliorating strategies and BuP discharge policies, while raising awareness to prevent the misuse of preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Wuliangye Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644007, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Dalong Liao
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644007, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chaohua Lan
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Linman Li
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng economic circle (Luzhou) advanced technology research institute, Luzhou 646000, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China.
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9
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Greysson-Wong J, Rode R, Ryu JR, Chan JL, Davari P, Rinker KD, Childs SJ. rasa1-related arteriovenous malformation is driven by aberrant venous signalling. Development 2023; 150:dev201820. [PMID: 37708300 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) develop where abnormal endothelial signalling allows direct connections between arteries and veins. Mutations in RASA1, a Ras GTPase activating protein, lead to AVMs in humans and, as we show, in zebrafish rasa1 mutants. rasa1 mutants develop cavernous AVMs that subsume part of the dorsal aorta and multiple veins in the caudal venous plexus (CVP) - a venous vascular bed. The AVMs progressively enlarge and fill with slow-flowing blood. We show that the AVM results in both higher minimum and maximum flow velocities, resulting in increased pulsatility in the aorta and decreased pulsatility in the vein. These hemodynamic changes correlate with reduced expression of the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a. Remodelling of the CVP is impaired with an excess of intraluminal pillars, which is a sign of incomplete intussusceptive angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we show that the AVM arises from ectopic activation of MEK/ERK in the vein of rasa1 mutants, and that cell size is also increased in the vein. Blocking MEK/ERK signalling prevents AVM initiation in mutants. Alterations in venous MEK/ERK therefore drive the initiation of rasa1 AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Greysson-Wong
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rachael Rode
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jae-Ryeon Ryu
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jo Li Chan
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paniz Davari
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah J Childs
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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10
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Paolini A, Sharipova D, Lange T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Wnt9 directs zebrafish heart tube assembly via a combination of canonical and non-canonical pathway signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201707. [PMID: 37680191 PMCID: PMC10560569 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
During zebrafish heart formation, cardiac progenitor cells converge at the embryonic midline where they form the cardiac cone. Subsequently, this structure transforms into a heart tube. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control these morphogenetic processes. Here, we use light-sheet microscopy and combine genetic, molecular biological and pharmacological tools to show that the paralogous genes wnt9a/b are required for the assembly of the nascent heart tube. In wnt9a/b double mutants, cardiomyocyte progenitor cells are delayed in their convergence towards the embryonic midline, the formation of the heart cone is impaired and the transformation into an elongated heart tube fails. The same cardiac phenotype occurs when both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are simultaneously blocked by pharmacological inhibition. This demonstrates that Wnt9a/b and canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate the migration of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and control the formation of the cardiac tube. This can be partly attributed to their regulation of the timing of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Our study demonstrates how these morphogens activate a combination of downstream pathways to direct cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paolini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dinara Sharipova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Zhang Y, Li X, Gao S, Liao Y, Luo Y, Liu M, Bian Y, Xiong H, Yue Y, He A. Genetic reporter for live tracing fluid flow forces during cell fate segregation in mouse blastocyst development. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1110-1123.e9. [PMID: 37541214 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are known to be important in mammalian blastocyst formation; however, due to limited tools, specific force inputs and how they relay to first cell fate control of inner cell mass (ICM) and/or trophectoderm (TE) remain elusive. Combining in toto live imaging and various perturbation experiments, we demonstrate and measure fluid flow forces existing in the mouse blastocyst cavity and identify Klf2(Krüppel-like factor 2) as a fluid force reporter with force-responsive enhancers. Long-term live imaging and lineage reconstructions reveal that blastomeres subject to higher fluid flow forces adopt ICM cell fates. These are reinforced by internal ferrofluid-induced flow force assays. We also utilize ex vivo fluid flow force mimicking and pharmacological perturbations to confirm mechanosensing specificity. Together, we report a genetically encoded reporter for continuously monitoring fluid flow forces and cell fate decisions and provide a live imaging framework to infer force information enriched lineage landscape during development. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiqing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Cell Fate and Diseases, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Qi C, Bujaroski RS, Baell J, Zheng X. Kinases in cerebral cavernous malformations: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119488. [PMID: 37209718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are low-flow, hemorrhagic vascular lesions of the central nervous system of genetic origin, which can cause stroke-like symptoms and seizures. From the identification of CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3 as genes related to disease progression, molecular and cellular mechanisms for CCM pathogenesis have been established and the search for potential drugs to target CCM has begun. Broadly speaking, kinases are the major group signaling in CCM pathogenesis. These include the MEKK3/MEK5/ERK5 cascade, Rho/Rock signaling, CCM3/GCKIII signaling, PI3K/mTOR signaling, and others. Since the discovery of Rho/Rock in CCM pathogenesis, inhibitors for Rho signaling and subsequently other components in CCM signaling were discovered and applied in preclinical and clinical trials to ameliorate CCM progression. This review discusses the general aspects of CCM disease, kinase-mediated signaling in CCM pathogenesis and the current state of potential treatment options for CCM. It is suggested that kinase target drug development in the context of CCM might facilitate and meet the unmet requirement - a non-surgical option for CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, China
| | - Richard Sean Bujaroski
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Australian Translational Medicinal Chemistry Facility (ATMCF), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, China.
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13
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Gehlen J, Stundl A, Debiec R, Fontana F, Krane M, Sharipova D, Nelson CP, Al-Kassou B, Giel AS, Sinning JM, Bruenger CMH, Zelck CF, Koebbe LL, Braund PS, Webb TR, Hetherington S, Ensminger S, Fujita B, Mohamed SA, Shrestha M, Krueger H, Siepe M, Kari FA, Nordbeck P, Buravezky L, Kelm M, Veulemans V, Adam M, Baldus S, Laugwitz KL, Haas Y, Karck M, Mehlhorn U, Conzelmann LO, Breitenbach I, Lebherz C, Urbanski P, Kim WK, Kandels J, Ellinghaus D, Nowak-Goettl U, Hoffmann P, Wirth F, Doppler S, Lahm H, Dreßen M, von Scheidt M, Knoll K, Kessler T, Hengstenberg C, Schunkert H, Nickenig G, Nöthen MM, Bolger AP, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Samani NJ, Erdmann J, Trenkwalder T, Schumacher J. Elucidation of the genetic causes of bicuspid aortic valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:857-866. [PMID: 35727948 PMCID: PMC10153415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to characterize the genetic risk architecture of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, the most common congenital heart defect. METHODS AND RESULTS We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 2236 BAV patients and 11 604 controls. This led to the identification of a new risk locus for BAV on chromosome 3q29. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2550262 was genome-wide significant BAV associated (P = 3.49 × 10-08) and was replicated in an independent case-control sample. The risk locus encodes a deleterious missense variant in MUC4 (p.Ala4821Ser), a gene that is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. Mechanistical studies in zebrafish revealed that loss of Muc4 led to a delay in cardiac valvular development suggesting that loss of MUC4 may also play a role in aortic valve malformation. The GWAS also confirmed previously reported BAV risk loci at PALMD (P = 3.97 × 10-16), GATA4 (P = 1.61 × 10-09), and TEX41 (P = 7.68 × 10-04). In addition, the genetic BAV architecture was examined beyond the single-marker level revealing that a substantial fraction of BAV heritability is polygenic and ∼20% of the observed heritability can be explained by our GWAS data. Furthermore, we used the largest human single-cell atlas for foetal gene expression and show that the transcriptome profile in endothelial cells is a major source contributing to BAV pathology. CONCLUSION Our study provides a deeper understanding of the genetic risk architecture of BAV formation on the single marker and polygenic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gehlen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anja Stundl
- Department of Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Radoslaw Debiec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Federica Fontana
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dinara Sharipova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Baravan Al-Kassou
- Department of Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Giel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Malte Sinning
- Department of Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Carolin F Zelck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura L Koebbe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Stephan Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Buntaro Fujita
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Salah A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malakh Shrestha
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Krueger
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Siepe
- Heart Center Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, University Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Alexander Kari
- Heart Center Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, University Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Buravezky
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Veulemans
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matti Adam
- Department of Medicine III, Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Medicine III, Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick Haas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Mehlhorn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helios Klinik Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Breitenbach
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Clinic of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Lebherz
- Department of Medicine I, Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Urbanski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Clinic, Rhön-Klinikum Campus Bad Neustadt, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Joscha Kandels
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Goettl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, University Hospital of Kiel and Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Wirth
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Knoll
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aidan P Bolger
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University Heart Centre Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Teresa Trenkwalder
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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14
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A novel KRIT1/CCM1 mutation accompanied by a NOTCH3 mutation in a Chinese family with multiple cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:137-146. [PMID: 36892712 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Family cerebral cavernous malformations (FCCMs) are mainly inherited through the mutation of classical CCM genes, including CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2/MGC4607, and CCM3/PDCD10. FCCMs can cause severe clinical symptoms, including epileptic seizures, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), or functional neurological deficits (FNDs). In this study, we reported a novel mutation in KRIT1 accompanied by a NOTCH3 mutation in a Chinese family. This family consists of 8 members, 4 of whom had been diagnosed with CCMs using cerebral MRI (T1WI, T2WI, SWI). The proband (II-2) and her daughter (III-4) had intracerebral hemorrhage and refractory epilepsy, respectively. Based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) data and bioinformatics analysis from 4 patients with multiple CCMs and 2 normal first-degree relatives, a novel KRIT1 mutation, NG_012964.1 (NM_194456.1): c.1255-1G > T (splice-3), in intron 13 was considered a pathogenic gene in this family. Furthermore, based on 2 severe and 2 mild CCM patients, we found an SNV missense mutation, NG_009819.1 (NM_000435.2): c.1630C > T (p.R544C), in NOTCH3. Finally, the KRIT1 and NOTCH3 mutations were validated in 8 members using Sanger sequencing. This study revealed a novel KRIT1 mutation, NG_012964.1 (NM_194456.1): c.1255-1G > T (splice-3), in a Chinese CCM family, which had not been reported previously. Moreover, the NOTCH3 mutation NG_009819.1 (NM_000435.2): c.1630C > T (p.R544C) might be a second hit and associated with the progression of CCM lesions and severe clinical symptoms.
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15
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Pilz RA, Skowronek D, Mellinger L, Bekeschus S, Felbor U, Rath M. Endothelial Differentiation of CCM1 Knockout iPSCs Triggers the Establishment of a Specific Gene Expression Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043993. [PMID: 36835400 PMCID: PMC9963194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular disease that can lead to seizures and stroke-like symptoms. The familial form is caused by a heterozygous germline mutation in either the CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 gene. While the importance of a second-hit mechanism in CCM development is well established, it is still unclear whether it immediately triggers CCM development or whether additional external factors are required. We here used RNA sequencing to study differential gene expression in CCM1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells (CCM1-/- iPSCs), early mesoderm progenitor cells (eMPCs), and endothelial-like cells (ECs). Notably, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of CCM1 led to hardly any gene expression differences in iPSCs and eMPCs. However, after differentiation into ECs, we found the significant deregulation of signaling pathways well known to be involved in CCM pathogenesis. These data suggest that a microenvironment of proangiogenic cytokines and growth factors can trigger the establishment of a characteristic gene expression signature upon CCM1 inactivation. Consequently, CCM1-/- precursor cells may exist that remain silent until entering the endothelial lineage. Collectively, not only downstream consequences of CCM1 ablation but also supporting factors must be addressed in CCM therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Pilz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dariush Skowronek
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Mellinger
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Human Medicine and Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-865396
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16
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Perrelli A, Bozza A, Ferraris C, Osella S, Moglia A, Mioletti S, Battaglia L, Retta SF. Multidrug-Loaded Lipid Nanoemulsions for the Combinatorial Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020480. [PMID: 36831015 PMCID: PMC9953270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) or cavernoma is a major vascular disease of genetic origin, whose main phenotypes occur in the central nervous system, and is currently devoid of pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Cavernomas can remain asymptomatic during a lifetime or manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including recurrent headaches, seizures, strokes, and intracerebral hemorrhages. Loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1/CCM1 are responsible for more than 50% of all familial cases, and have been clearly shown to affect cellular junctions, redox homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of multidrug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions in rescuing the pathological phenotype of CCM disease. The pro-autophagic rapamycin, antioxidant avenanthramide, and antiangiogenic bevacizumab were loaded into nanoemulsions, with the aim of reducing the major molecular dysfunctions associated with cavernomas. Through Western blot analysis of biomarkers in an in vitro CCM model, we demonstrated that drug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions rescue antioxidant responses, reactivate autophagy, and reduce the effect of pro-angiogenic factors better than the free drugs. Our results show the importance of developing a combinatorial preventive and therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of lesion formation and inhibit or completely revert the multiple hallmarks that characterize the pathogenesis and progression of cavernomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Annalisa Bozza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Osella
- San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Torino, 10154 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
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17
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Li YZ, Xie J, Wang RQ, Gao XQ, Liu PJ, Liu J. KLF2 is a clinical diagnostic and treatment biomarker of breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1182123. [PMID: 37123417 PMCID: PMC10133575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1182123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a highly prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, breast cancer, remains a critical public health issue necessitating the development of novel therapeutics and biomarkers. Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2), a member of the Kruppel family of transcription factors, has been implicated in various types of cancer due to its diminished expression; however, the potential implications of KLF2 expression in relation to breast cancer progression, prognosis, and therapy remain unclear. Methods: The present study employed the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and The Human Protein Atlas databases to investigate the expression pattern of KLF2 in pan-cancer. The relationship between KLF2 expression and clinical features or immune infiltration of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer samples was evaluated using Breast Cancer Integrative Platform (BCIP) and TIMER. The expression levels of KLF2 in breast cancer were validated via immunohistochemical staining analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to study the KLF2-related gene ontology. STRING database was employed to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of KLF2 in relation to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). The expression of KLF2 following diverse breast cancer therapies was analyzed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The expression of KLF2 following treatment with simvastatin was validated via immunofluorescence and western blotting. Results: Our study reveals that KLF2 displays significantly reduced expression in cancerous tissues compared to non-cancerous controls. Patients with low KLF2 expression levels exhibited poor prognosis across multiple cancer types. KLF2 expression levels were found to be reduced in advanced cancer stages and grades, while positively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and tumor size in breast cancer. KLF2 expression is associated with diverse immune infiltration cells, and may impact the breast tumor immune microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell activation. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between KLF2 expression levels and angiogenesis, as well as the expression of VEGFA and HIF1α. Notably, the anticancer drug simvastatin could induce KLF2 expression in both breast cancer. Conclusion: Based on our observations, KLF2 has potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhao Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pei-Jun Liu, ; Jie Liu,
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pei-Jun Liu, ; Jie Liu,
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18
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McCurdy S, Lin J, Shenkar R, Moore T, Lightle R, Faurobert E, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Awad I, Ginsberg MH. β1 integrin monoclonal antibody treatment ameliorates cerebral cavernous malformations. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22629. [PMID: 36349990 PMCID: PMC9674378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200907rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
β1 integrins are important in blood vessel formation and function, finely tuning the adhesion of endothelial cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. The role of integrins in the vascular disease, cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) has yet to be explored in vivo. Endothelial loss of the gene KRIT1 leads to brain microvascular defects, resulting in debilitating and often fatal consequences. We tested administration of a monoclonal antibody that enforces the active β1 integrin conformation, (clone 9EG7), on a murine neonatal CCM mouse model, Krit1flox/flox ;Pdgfb-iCreERT2 (Krit1ECKO ), and on KRIT1-silenced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, endothelial deletion of the master regulator of integrin activation, Talin 1 (Tln1), in Krit1ECKO mice was performed to assess the effect of completely blocking endothelial integrin activation on CCM. Treatment with 9EG7 reduced lesion burden in the Krit1ECKO model and was accompanied by a strong reduction in the phosphorylation of the ROCK substrate, myosin light chain (pMLC), in both retina and brain endothelial cells. Treatment of KRIT1-silenced HUVECs with 9EG7 in vitro stabilized cell-cell junctions. Overnight treatment of HUVECs with 9EG7 resulted in significantly reduced total surface expression of β1 integrin, which was associated with reduced pMLC levels, supporting our in vivo findings. Genetic blockade of integrin activation by Tln1ECKO enhanced bleeding and did not reduce CCM lesion burden in Krit1ECKO mice. In sum, targeting β1 integrin with an activated-specific antibody reduces acute murine CCM lesion development, which we found to be associated with suppression of endothelial ROCK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla CA
| | - Jenny Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla CA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Thomas Moore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Eva Faurobert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5309, Inserm 1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Issam Awad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Mark H. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla CA
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19
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Kyumurkov A, Bouin AP, Boissan M, Manet S, Baschieri F, Proponnet-Guerault M, Balland M, Destaing O, Régent-Kloeckner M, Calmel C, Nicolas A, Waharte F, Chavrier P, Montagnac G, Planus E, Albiges-Rizo C. Force tuning through regulation of clathrin-dependent integrin endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213549. [PMID: 36250940 PMCID: PMC9579986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin endocytosis is essential for many fundamental cellular processes. Whether and how the internalization impacts cellular mechanics remains elusive. Whereas previous studies reported the contribution of the integrin activator, talin, in force development, the involvement of inhibitors is less documented. We identified ICAP-1 as an integrin inhibitor involved in mechanotransduction by co-working with NME2 to control clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrins at the edge of focal adhesions (FA). Loss of ICAP-1 enables β3-integrin-mediated force generation independently of β1 integrin. β3-integrin-mediated forces were associated with a decrease in β3 integrin dynamics stemming from their reduced diffusion within adhesion sites and slow turnover of FA. The decrease in β3 integrin dynamics correlated with a defect in integrin endocytosis. ICAP-1 acts as an adaptor for clathrin-dependent endocytosis of integrins. ICAP-1 controls integrin endocytosis by interacting with NME2, a key regulator of dynamin-dependent clathrin-coated pits fission. Control of clathrin-mediated integrin endocytosis by an inhibitor is an unprecedented mechanism to tune forces at FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kyumurkov
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Manet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Régent-Kloeckner
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETIMinatec, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Microelectronics Technology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - François Waharte
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, UMR144, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Correspondence to Emmanuelle Planus: mailto:
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Corinne Albiges-Rizo:
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20
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Dammann P, Santos AN, Wan XY, Zhu Y, Sure U. Cavernous Malformations. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2022; 33:449-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Rath M, Schwefel K, Malinverno M, Skowronek D, Leopoldi A, Pilz RA, Biedenweg D, Bekeschus S, Penninger JM, Dejana E, Felbor U. Contact-dependent signaling triggers tumor-like proliferation of CCM3 knockout endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:340. [PMID: 35661927 PMCID: PMC9166869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are low-flow vascular lesions prone to cause severe hemorrhage-associated neurological complications. Pathogenic germline variants in CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 can be identified in nearly 100% of CCM patients with a positive family history. In line with the concept that tumor-like mechanisms are involved in CCM formation and growth, we here demonstrate an abnormally increased proliferation rate of CCM3-deficient endothelial cells in co-culture with wild-type cells and in mosaic human iPSC-derived vascular organoids. The observation that NSC59984, an anticancer drug, blocked the abnormal proliferation of mutant endothelial cells further supports this intriguing concept. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA sequencing revealed that co-culture induces upregulation of proangiogenic chemokine genes in wild-type endothelial cells. Furthermore, genes known to be significantly downregulated in CCM3−/− endothelial cell mono-cultures were upregulated back to normal levels in co-culture with wild-type cells. These results support the hypothesis that wild-type ECs facilitate the formation of a niche that promotes abnormal proliferation of mutant ECs. Thus, targeting the cancer-like features of CCMs is a promising new direction for drug development.
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22
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Swamy H, Glading AJ. Contribution of protein-protein interactions to the endothelial barrier-stabilizing function of KRIT1. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:274104. [PMID: 34918736 PMCID: PMC8917353 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Krev-interaction trapped 1 (KRIT1) is an endothelial scaffold protein that promotes adherens junction (AJ) stability. The precise mechanism by which KRIT1 promotes barrier stabilization is unclear. We tested the ability of a panel of KRIT1 constructs containing mutations that inhibit Rap1 binding, ICAP1 binding, disrupt KRIT1's protein tyrosine binding domain (PTB), or direct KRIT1 to the plasma membrane, either alone or in combination, to restore barrier function in KRIT1-deficient endothelial cells. We found that ablating the 192NPAY195 motif or disrupting the PTB domain was sufficient to restore AJ protein localization and barrier function to control levels, irrespective of the junctional localization of KRIT1 or Rap1 binding. The ability of our KRIT1 constructs to rescue AJ/barrier function in KRIT1 depleted endothelial cells correlated with decreased 1 integrin activity and maintenance of cortical actin fibers. Together, our findings indicate that Rap1 binding, ICAP1 binding, and junctional localization are not required for the ability of KRIT1 to stabilize endothelial contacts, and suggest that the ability of KRIT1 to limit integrin activity may be involved in barrier stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Angela J Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Paolini A, Fontana F, Pham VC, Rödel CJ, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Mechanosensitive Notch-Dll4 and Klf2-Wnt9 signaling pathways intersect in guiding valvulogenesis in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109782. [PMID: 34610316 PMCID: PMC8511505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish embryo, the onset of blood flow generates fluid shear stress on endocardial cells, which are specialized endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart. High levels of fluid shear stress activate both Notch and Klf2 signaling, which play crucial roles in atrioventricular valvulogenesis. However, it remains unclear why only individual endocardial cells ingress into the cardiac jelly and initiate valvulogenesis. Here, we show that lateral inhibition between endocardial cells, mediated by Notch, singles out Delta-like-4-positive endocardial cells. These cells ingress into the cardiac jelly, where they form an abluminal cell population. Delta-like-4-positive cells ingress in response to Wnt9a, which is produced in parallel through an Erk5-Klf2-Wnt9a signaling cascade also activated by blood flow. Hence, mechanical stimulation activates parallel mechanosensitive signaling pathways that produce binary effects by driving endocardial cells toward either luminal or abluminal fates. Ultimately, these cell fate decisions sculpt cardiac valve leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paolini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Federica Fontana
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Van-Cuong Pham
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Jasmin Rödel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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24
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CCM2-deficient endothelial cells undergo a ROCK-dependent reprogramming into senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:843-860. [PMID: 34342749 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a cerebrovascular disease in which stacks of dilated haemorrhagic capillaries form focally in the brain. Whether and how defective mechanotransduction, cellular mosaicism and inflammation interplay to sustain the progression of CCM disease is unknown. Here, we reveal that CCM1- and CCM2-silenced endothelial cells expanded in vitro enter into senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that they use to invade the extracellular matrix and attract surrounding wild-type endothelial and immune cells. Further, we demonstrate that this SASP is driven by the cytoskeletal, molecular and transcriptomic disorders provoked by ROCK dysfunctions. By this, we propose that CCM2 and ROCK could be parts of a scaffold controlling senescence, bringing new insights into the emerging field of the control of ageing by cellular mechanics. These in vitro findings reconcile the known dysregulated traits of CCM2-deficient endothelial cells into a unique endothelial fate. Based on these in vitro results, we propose that a SASP could link the increased ROCK-dependent cell contractility in CCM2-deficient endothelial cells with microenvironment remodelling and long-range chemo-attraction of endothelial and immune cells.
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25
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Much CD, Sendtner BS, Schwefel K, Freund E, Bekeschus S, Otto O, Pagenstecher A, Felbor U, Rath M, Spiegler S. Inactivation of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Genes Results in Accumulation of von Willebrand Factor and Redistribution of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:622547. [PMID: 34307446 PMCID: PMC8298835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.622547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are slow-flow thrombi-containing vessels induced by two-step inactivation of the CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3 gene within endothelial cells. They predispose to intracerebral bleedings and focal neurological deficits. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger endothelial dysfunction in cavernous malformations is still incomplete. To model both, hereditary and sporadic CCM disease, blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) with a heterozygous CCM1 germline mutation and immortalized wild-type human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCM1 gene disruption. CCM1 -/- BOECs demonstrated alterations in cell morphology, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, tube formation, and expression of the transcription factors KLF2 and KLF4. Furthermore, high VWF immunoreactivity was observed in CCM1 -/- BOECs, in immortalized umbilical vein endothelial cells upon CRISPR/Cas9-induced inactivation of either CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3 as well as in CCM tissue samples of familial cases. Observer-independent high-content imaging revealed a striking reduction of perinuclear Weibel-Palade bodies in unstimulated CCM1 -/- BOECs which was observed in CCM1 +/- BOECs only after stimulation with PMA or histamine. Our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a powerful tool to model different aspects of CCM disease in vitro and that CCM1 inactivation induces high-level expression of VWF and redistribution of Weibel-Palade bodies within endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane D. Much
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara S. Sendtner
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) ‐ Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University Hospital Giessen and MarburgMarburg, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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26
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Lopez-Ramirez MA, Lai CC, Soliman SI, Hale P, Pham A, Estrada EJ, McCurdy S, Girard R, Verma R, Moore T, Lightle R, Hobson N, Shenkar R, Poulsen O, Haddad GG, Daneman R, Gongol B, Sun H, Lagarrigue F, Awad IA, Ginsberg MH. Astrocytes propel neurovascular dysfunction during cerebral cavernous malformation lesion formation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:139570. [PMID: 34043589 PMCID: PMC8245174 DOI: 10.1172/jci139570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common neurovascular lesions caused by loss-of-function mutations in 1 of 3 genes, including KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3), and generally regarded as an endothelial cell-autonomous disease. Here we reported that proliferative astrocytes played a critical role in CCM pathogenesis by serving as a major source of VEGF during CCM lesion formation. An increase in astrocyte VEGF synthesis is driven by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generated as a consequence of KLF2- and KLF4-dependent elevation of eNOS in CCM endothelium. The increased brain endothelial production of NO stabilized HIF-1α in astrocytes, resulting in increased VEGF production and expression of a "hypoxic" program under normoxic conditions. We showed that the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a direct HIF-1α target gene and a known component of the hypoxic program, contributed to the development of CCM lesions because the administration of a COX-2 inhibitor significantly prevented the progression of CCM lesions. Thus, non-cell-autonomous crosstalk between CCM endothelium and astrocytes propels vascular lesion development, and components of the hypoxic program represent potential therapeutic targets for CCMs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Astrocytes/physiology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/etiology
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/physiopathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Neurological
- Mutation
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Issam A. Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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27
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Snellings DA, Hong CC, Ren AA, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Girard R, Srinath A, Marchuk DA, Ginsberg MH, Awad IA, Kahn ML. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: From Mechanism to Therapy. Circ Res 2021; 129:195-215. [PMID: 34166073 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are acquired vascular anomalies that constitute a common cause of central nervous system hemorrhage and stroke. The past 2 decades have seen a remarkable increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this vascular disease. This new knowledge spans genetic causes of sporadic and familial forms of the disease, molecular signaling changes in vascular endothelial cells that underlie the disease, unexpectedly strong environmental effects on disease pathogenesis, and drivers of disease end points such as hemorrhage. These novel insights are the integrated product of human clinical studies, human genetic studies, studies in mouse and zebrafish genetic models, and basic molecular and cellular studies. This review addresses the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cerebral cavernous malformation disease, the mechanisms that lead to lesion hemorrhage, and emerging biomarkers and therapies for clinical treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation disease. It may also serve as an example for how focused basic and clinical investigation and emerging technologies can rapidly unravel a complex disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Snellings
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.A.S., D.A.M.)
| | - Courtney C Hong
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.C.H., A.A.R., M.L.K.)
| | - Aileen A Ren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.C.H., A.A.R., M.L.K.)
| | - Miguel A Lopez-Ramirez
- Department of Medicine (M.A.L.-R., M.H.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.,Department of Pharmacology (M.A.L.-R.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.A.S., D.A.M.)
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine (M.A.L.-R., M.H.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.C.H., A.A.R., M.L.K.)
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28
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Phng LK, Belting HG. Endothelial cell mechanics and blood flow forces in vascular morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:32-43. [PMID: 34154883 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate cardiovascular system is made up by a hierarchically structured network of highly specialised blood vessels. This network emerges during early embryogenesis and evolves in size and complexity concomitant with embryonic growth and organ formation. Underlying this plasticity are actin-driven endothelial cell behaviours, which allow endothelial cells to change their shape and move within the vascular network. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular network formation and how these intrinsic mechanisms are influenced by haemodynamic forces provided by pressurized blood flow. While most of this review focusses on in vivo evidence from zebrafish embryos, we also mention complementary findings obtained in other experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
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29
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Ren AA, Snellings DA, Su YS, Hong CC, Castro M, Tang AT, Detter MR, Hobson N, Girard R, Romanos S, Lightle R, Moore T, Shenkar R, Benavides C, Beaman MM, Müller-Fielitz H, Chen M, Mericko P, Yang J, Sung DC, Lawton MT, Ruppert JM, Schwaninger M, Körbelin J, Potente M, Awad IA, Marchuk DA, Kahn ML. PIK3CA and CCM mutations fuel cavernomas through a cancer-like mechanism. Nature 2021; 594:271-276. [PMID: 33910229 PMCID: PMC8626098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular malformations are thought to be monogenic disorders that result in dysregulated growth of blood vessels. In the brain, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) arise owing to inactivation of the endothelial CCM protein complex, which is required to dampen the activity of the kinase MEKK31-4. Environmental factors can explain differences in the natural history of CCMs between individuals5, but why single CCMs often exhibit sudden, rapid growth, culminating in strokes or seizures, is unknown. Here we show that growth of CCMs requires increased signalling through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR pathway as well as loss of function of the CCM complex. We identify somatic gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA and loss-of-function mutations in the CCM complex in the same cells in a majority of human CCMs. Using mouse models, we show that growth of CCMs requires both PI3K gain of function and CCM loss of function in endothelial cells, and that both CCM loss of function and increased expression of the transcription factor KLF4 (a downstream effector of MEKK3) augment mTOR signalling in endothelial cells. Consistent with these findings, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocks the formation of CCMs in mouse models. We establish a three-hit mechanism analogous to cancer, in which aggressive vascular malformations arise through the loss of vascular 'suppressor genes' that constrain vessel growth and gain of a vascular 'oncogene' that stimulates excess vessel growth. These findings suggest that aggressive CCMs could be treated using clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gain of Function Mutation
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/blood supply
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/genetics
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Loss of Function Mutation
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen A Ren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Snellings
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yourong S Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney C Hong
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alan T Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew R Detter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Benavides
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Makenzie Beaman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Mericko
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Li W, Tran V, Shaked I, Xue B, Moore T, Lightle R, Kleinfeld D, Awad IA, Ginsberg MH. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis causes multi-cavernous vascular malformations. eLife 2021; 10:62155. [PMID: 34013885 PMCID: PMC8175082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic inactivation of CCM2 in humans causes cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) containing adjacent dilated blood-filled multi-cavernous lesions. We used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to induce mosaic inactivation of zebrafish ccm2 resulting in a novel lethal multi-cavernous lesion in the embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal pillars. These pillars mimic those that mediate intussusceptive angiogenesis; however, in contrast to the normal process, the pillars failed to fuse to split the pre-existing vessel in two. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis stemmed from mosaic inactivation of ccm2 leading to patchy klf2a overexpression and resultant aberrant flow signaling. Surviving adult fish manifested histologically typical hemorrhagic CCM. Formation of mammalian CCM requires the flow-regulated transcription factor KLF2; fish CCM and the embryonic CVP lesion failed to form in klf2a null fish indicating a common pathogenesis with the mammalian lesion. These studies describe a zebrafish CCM model and establish a mechanism that can explain the formation of characteristic multi-cavernous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Virginia Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Belinda Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Section of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, United States
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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31
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Silva TP, Sousa-Luís R, Fernandes TG, Bekman EP, Rodrigues CAV, Vaz SH, Moreira LM, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS. Transcriptome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar organoids reveals faster commitment under dynamic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2781-2803. [PMID: 33871054 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling. However, generating iPSC-derived models to study brain diseases remains a challenge. In particular, the ability to recapitulate cerebellar development in vitro is still limited. We presented a reproducible and scalable production of cerebellar organoids by using the novel single-use Vertical-Wheel bioreactors, in which functional cerebellar neurons were obtained. Here, we evaluate the global gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) across cerebellar differentiation, demonstrating a faster cerebellar commitment in this novel dynamic differentiation protocol. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles suggest a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) in dynamic-derived cerebellar organoids, which can better mimic the neural microenvironment and support a consistent neuronal network. Thus, an efficient generation of organoids with cerebellar identity was achieved for the first time in a continuous process using a dynamic system without the need of organoids encapsulation in ECM-based hydrogels, allowing the possibility of large-scale production and application in high-throughput processes. The presence of factors that favors angiogenesis onset was also detected in dynamic conditions, which can enhance functional maturation of cerebellar organoids. We anticipate that large-scale production of cerebellar organoids may help developing models for drug screening, toxicological tests, and studying pathological pathways involved in cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Portugal
| | - Leonilde M Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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32
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Lopez‐Ramirez MA, McCurdy S, Li W, Haynes MK, Hale P, Francisco K, Oukoloff K, Bautista M, Choi CH, Sun H, Gongol B, Shyy JY, Ballatore C, Sklar LA, Gingras AR. Inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction increases KLF4 and KLF2 expression in endothelial cells. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:334-355. [PMID: 33977234 PMCID: PMC8103725 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein heart of glass1 (HEG1) directly binds to and recruits Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) to endothelial junctions to form the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex that establishes and maintains junctional integrity. Genetic inactivation or knockdown of endothelial HEG1 or KRIT1 leads to the upregulation of transcription factors Krüppel-like factors 4 and 2 (KLF4 and KLF2), which are implicated in endothelial vascular homeostasis; however, the effect of acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a high-throughput screening assay and molecular design of a small-molecule HEG1-KRIT1 inhibitor to uncover acute changes in signaling pathways downstream of the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex disruption. The small-molecule HEG1-KRIT1 inhibitor 2 (HKi2) was demonstrated to be a bona fide inhibitor of the interaction between HEG1 and KRIT1 proteins, by competing orthosterically with HEG1 through covalent reversible interactions with the FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain of KRIT1. The crystal structure of HKi2 bound to KRIT1 FERM revealed that it occupies the same binding pocket on KRIT1 as the HEG1 cytoplasmic tail. In human endothelial cells (ECs), acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction by HKi2 increased KLF4 and KLF2 mRNA and protein levels, whereas a structurally similar inactive compound failed to do so. In zebrafish, HKi2 induced expression of klf2a in arterial and venous endothelium. Furthermore, genome-wide RNA transcriptome analysis of HKi2-treated ECs under static conditions revealed that, in addition to elevating KLF4 and KLF2 expression, inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction mimics many of the transcriptional effects of laminar blood flow. Furthermore, HKi2-treated ECs also triggered Akt signaling in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner, as blocking PI3K activity blunted the Akt phosphorylation induced by HKi2. Finally, using an in vitro colocalization assay, we show that HKi6, an improved derivative of HKi2 with higher affinity for KRIT1, significantly impedes recruitment of KRIT1 to mitochondria-localized HEG1 in CHO cells, indicating a direct inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction. Thus, our results demonstrate that early events of the acute inhibition of HEG1-KRIT1 interaction with HKi small-molecule inhibitors lead to: (i) elevated KLF4 and KLF2 gene expression; and (ii) increased Akt phosphorylation. Thus, HKi's provide new pharmacologic tools to study acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex and may provide insights to dissect early signaling events that regulate vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alejandro Lopez‐Ramirez
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Sara McCurdy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Mark K. Haynes
- Department of PathologyCenter for Molecular DiscoveryUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Preston Hale
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Karol Francisco
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Matthew Bautista
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Chelsea H.J. Choi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Brendan Gongol
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - John Y. Shyy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- Department of PathologyCenter for Molecular DiscoveryUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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Fontana F, Haack T, Reichenbach M, Knaus P, Puceat M, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Antagonistic Activities of Vegfr3/Flt4 and Notch1b Fine-tune Mechanosensitive Signaling during Zebrafish Cardiac Valvulogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107883. [PMID: 32668254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of cardiac valves depends on mechanical forces exerted by blood flow. Endocardial cells lining the interior of the heart are sensitive to these stimuli and respond by rearranging into luminal cells subjected to shear stress and abluminal cells not exposed to it. The mechanisms by which endocardial cells sense these dynamic biomechanical stimuli and how they evoke different cellular responses are largely unknown. Here, we show that blood flow activates two parallel mechanosensitive pathways, one mediated by Notch and the other by Klf2a. Both pathways negatively regulate the angiogenesis receptor Vegfr3/Flt4, which becomes restricted to abluminal endocardial cells. Its loss disrupts valve morphogenesis and results in the occurrence of Notch signaling within abluminal endocardial cells. Our work explains how antagonistic activities by Vegfr3/Flt4 on the abluminal side and by Notch on the luminal side shape cardiac valve leaflets by triggering unique differences in the fates of endocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fontana
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timm Haack
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Reichenbach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michel Puceat
- INSERM U-1251, MMG, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Retta SF, Perrelli A, Trabalzini L, Finetti F. From Genes and Mechanisms to Molecular-Targeted Therapies: The Long Climb to the Cure of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2152:3-25. [PMID: 32524540 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0640-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder of genetic origin consisting of closely clustered, abnormally dilated and leaky capillaries (CCM lesions), which occur predominantly in the central nervous system. CCM lesions can be single or multiple and may result in severe clinical symptoms, including focal neurological deficits, seizures, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Early human genetic studies demonstrated that CCM disease is linked to three chromosomal loci and can be inherited as autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity, eventually leading to the identification of three disease genes, CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, and CCM3/PDCD10, which encode for structurally unrelated intracellular proteins that lack catalytic domains. Biochemical, molecular, and cellular studies then showed that these proteins are involved in endothelial cell-cell junction and blood-brain barrier stability maintenance through the regulation of major cellular structures and mechanisms, including endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, autophagy, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that they act as pleiotropic regulators of cellular homeostasis, and opening novel therapeutic perspectives. Indeed, accumulated evidence in cellular and animal models has eventually revealed that the emerged pleiotropic functions of CCM proteins are mainly due to their ability to modulate redox-sensitive pathways and mechanisms involved in adaptive responses to oxidative stress and inflammation, thus contributing to the preservation of cellular homeostasis and stress defenses.In this introductory review, we present a general overview of 20 years of amazing progress in the identification of genetic culprits and molecular mechanisms underlying CCM disease pathogenesis, and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy. .,CCM Italia Research Network, Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy.,CCM Italia Research Network, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- CCM Italia Research Network, Torino, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Finetti
- CCM Italia Research Network, Torino, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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The Multifaceted Roles of EGFL7 in Cancer and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051014. [PMID: 33804387 PMCID: PMC7957479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer growth and metastasis require interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is home to many biomolecules that support the formation of new vessels and cancer growth. One of these biomolecules is epidermal growth factor-like protein-7 (EGFL7). EGFL7 alters cellular adhesion to the ECM and migratory behavior of tumor and immune cells contributing to tumor metastasis. EGFL7 is engaged in the formation of new vessels and changes in ECM stiffness. One of its binding partners on the endothelial and cancer cell surface is beta 3 integrin. Beta 3 integrin pathways are under intense investigation in search of new therapies to kill cancer cells. All these properties enable EGFL7 to contribute to drug resistance. In this review, we give insight into recent studies on EGFL7 and its engagement with beta3 integrin, a marker predicting cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Abstract Invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and the vasculature is an important step for tumor progression and the establishment of distant metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is home to many biomolecules that support new vessel formation and cancer growth. Endothelial cells release growth factors such as epidermal growth factor-like protein-7 (EGFL7), which contributes to the formation of the tumor vasculature. The signaling axis formed by EGFL7 and one of its receptors, beta 3 integrin, has emerged as a key mediator in the regulation of tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Here we summarize recent studies on the role of the ECM-linked angiocrine factor EGFL7 in primary tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, tumor metastasis by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, alterations in ECM rigidity, and drug resistance. We discuss its role in cellular adhesion and migration, vascular leakiness, and the anti-cancer response and provide background on its transcriptional regulation. Finally, we discuss its potential as a drug target as an anti-cancer strategy.
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Anbara T, Sharifi M, Aboutaleb N. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Cardiogenesis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 16:306-314. [PMID: 31393254 PMCID: PMC7903503 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190808100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) does not only play a major role in the course of development but also contributes to several cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. EndMT is characterized by down-regulation of the endothelial proteins and highly up-regulated fibrotic specific genes and extracellular matrix-forming proteins. EndMT is also a transforming growth factor-β-driven (TGF-β) process in which endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype with expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein 1, etc. EndMT is a vital process during cardiac development, thus disrupted EndMT gives rise to the congenital heart diseases, namely septal defects and valve abnormalities. In this review, we have discussed the main signaling pathways and mechanisms participating in the process of EndMT such as TGF-β and Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt#, and Notch signaling pathway and also studied the role of EndMT in physiological cardiovascular development and pathological conditions including myocardial infarction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, congenital heart defects, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. As a perspective view, having a clear understanding of involving cellular and molecular mechanisms in EndMT and conducting Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a large number of samples for involving pharmacological agents may guide us into novel therapeutic approaches of congenital disorders and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Anbara
- Department of Surgery, Erfan Specialty Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masuomeh Sharifi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lu YW, Martino N, Gerlach BD, Lamar JM, Vincent PA, Adam AP, Schwarz JJ. MEF2 (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2) Is Essential for Endothelial Homeostasis and the Atheroprotective Gene Expression Program. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1105-1123. [PMID: 33406884 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis predominantly forms in regions of oscillatory shear stress while regions of laminar shear stress are protected. This protection is partly through the endothelium in laminar flow regions expressing an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic gene expression program. Several molecular pathways transmitting these distinct flow patterns to the endothelium have been defined. Our objective is to define the role of the MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) family of transcription factors in promoting an atheroprotective endothelium. Approach and Results: Here, we show through endothelial-specific deletion of the 3 MEF2 factors in the endothelium, Mef2a, -c, and -d, that MEF2 is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. MEF2 deficiency results in systemic inflammation, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and rapid lethality. Transcriptome analysis reveals that MEF2 is required for normal regulation of 3 pathways implicated in determining the flow responsiveness of the endothelium. Specifically, MEF2 is required for expression of Klf2 and Klf4, 2 partially redundant factors essential for promoting an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic endothelium. This critical requirement results in phenotypic similarities between endothelial-specific deletions of Mef2a/c/d and Klf2/4. In addition, MEF2 regulates the expression of Notch family genes, Notch1, Dll1, and Jag1, which also promote an atheroprotective endothelium. In contrast to these atheroprotective pathways, MEF2 deficiency upregulates an atherosclerosis promoting pathway through increasing the amount of TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif). CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate MEF2 as a critical upstream regulator of several transcription factors responsible for gene expression programs that affect development of atherosclerosis and promote an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic endothelium. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - Nina Martino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - Brennan D Gerlach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - Peter A Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY.,Department of Ophthalmology (A.P.A.), Albany Medical College, NY
| | - John J Schwarz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (Y.W.L., N.M., B.D.G., J.M.L., P.A.V., A.P.A., J.J.S.), Albany Medical College, NY
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Ricard N, Bailly S, Guignabert C, Simons M. The quiescent endothelium: signalling pathways regulating organ-specific endothelial normalcy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:565-580. [PMID: 33627876 PMCID: PMC7903932 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular trafficking between blood and the perfused organs. The endothelium adopts a structure that is specific to the needs and function of each tissue and organ and is subject to tissue-specific signalling input. In adults, endothelial cells are quiescent, meaning that they are not proliferating. Quiescence was considered to be a state in which endothelial cells are not stimulated but are instead slumbering and awaiting activating signals. However, new evidence shows that quiescent endothelium is fully awake, that it constantly receives and initiates functionally important signalling inputs and that this state is actively regulated. Signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of functionally quiescent endothelia are starting to be identified and are a combination of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and mechanical inputs. The paracrine pathways confer a microenvironment on the endothelial cells that is specific to the perfused organs and tissues. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of organ-specific signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of endothelial quiescence and the pathologies associated with their disruption. Linking organ-specific pathways and human vascular pathologies will pave the way towards the development of innovative preventive strategies and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sabine Bailly
- grid.457348.9Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- grid.414221.0INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Simons
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Sartages M, Floridia E, García-Colomer M, Iglesias C, Macía M, Peñas P, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Pombo CM, Zalvide J. High Levels of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in CCM3-Deficient Cells Increase Their Susceptibility to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120624. [PMID: 33348877 PMCID: PMC7766026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that can be the result of the deficiency of one of the CCM genes. Their only present treatment is surgical removal, which is not always possible, and an alternative pharmacological strategy to eliminate them is actively sought. We have studied the effect of the lack of one of the CCM genes, CCM3, in endothelial and non-endothelial cells. By comparing protein expression in control and CCM3-silenced cells, we found that the levels of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) are higher in CCM3-deficient cells, which adds to the known upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in these cells. Whereas VEGFR2 is upregulated at the mRNA level, EGFR has a prolonged half-life. Inhibition of EGFR family members in CCM3-deficient cells does not revert the known cellular effects of lack of CCM genes, but it induces significantly more apoptosis in CCM3-deficient cells than in control cells. We propose that the susceptibility to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of CCM3-deficient cells can be harnessed to kill the abnormal cells of these lesions and thus treat CCMs pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sartages
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Ebel Floridia
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
- IQVIA RDS Ireland Limited, Eastpoint Business Park, Estuary House, Fairview, Dublin 3, D03 K7W7 Leinster, Ireland
| | - Mar García-Colomer
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Cristina Iglesias
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Manuel Macía
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Patricia Peñas
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Ignacio A. Romero
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Babette Weksler
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Celia M. Pombo
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Juan Zalvide
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Medicina Molecular e Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Instituto Sanitario de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15703 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (E.F.); (M.G.-C.); (C.I.); (C.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Chemokine mediated signalling within arteries promotes vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. Commun Biol 2020; 3:734. [PMID: 33277595 PMCID: PMC7719186 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) on arteries versus veins during early development is a well-described phenomenon, but the molecular pathways underlying this polarization are not well understood. In zebrafish, the cxcr4a receptor (mammalian CXCR4) and its ligand cxcl12b (mammalian CXCL12) are both preferentially expressed on arteries at time points consistent with the arrival and differentiation of the first vSMCs during vascular development. We show that autocrine cxcl12b/cxcr4 activity leads to increased production of the vSMC chemoattractant ligand pdgfb by endothelial cells in vitro and increased expression of pdgfb by arteries of zebrafish and mice in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that expression of the blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a in primitive veins negatively regulates cxcr4/cxcl12 and pdgfb expression, restricting vSMC recruitment to the arterial vasculature. Together, this signalling axis leads to the differential acquisition of vSMCs at sites where klf2a expression is low and both cxcr4a and pdgfb are co-expressed, i.e. arteries during early development. Stratman et al. provide evidence linking the cxcl12b/cxcr4a signaling axis in endothelial cells to an increased release of platelet-derived growth factor b, leading to the recruitment of smooth muscle cells to developing arteries. This signalling axis is suppressed in the venous endothelium during early development by the high expression of blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a.
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular abnormalities characterized by thin, leaky blood vessels resulting in lesions that predispose to haemorrhages, stroke, epilepsy and focal neurological deficits. CCMs arise due to loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding one of three CCM complex proteins, KRIT1, CCM2 or CCM3. These widely expressed, multi-functional adaptor proteins can assemble into a CCM protein complex and (either alone or in complex) modulate signalling pathways that influence cell adhesion, cell contractility, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. Recent advances, including analysis of the structures and interactions of CCM proteins, have allowed substantial progress towards understanding the molecular bases for CCM protein function and how their disruption leads to disease. Here, we review current knowledge of CCM protein signalling with a focus on three pathways which have generated the most interest—the RhoA–ROCK, MEKK3–MEK5–ERK5–KLF2/4 and cell junctional signalling pathways—but also consider ICAP1-β1 integrin and cdc42 signalling. We discuss emerging links between these pathways and the processes that drive disease pathology and highlight important open questions—key among them is the role of subcellular localization in the control of CCM protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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43
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Tsata V, Beis D. In Full Force. Mechanotransduction and Morphogenesis during Homeostasis and Tissue Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040040. [PMID: 33019569 PMCID: PMC7711708 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of form and function have been the focus of numerous studies in the context of development and more recently regeneration. Our understanding on how cells, tissues and organs sense and interpret external cues, such as mechanical forces, is becoming deeper as novel techniques in imaging are applied and the relevant signaling pathways emerge. These cellular responses can be found from bacteria to all multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In this review, we focus on hemodynamic flow and endothelial shear stress during cardiovascular development and regeneration, where the interactions of morphogenesis and proper function are more prominent. In addition, we address the recent literature on the role of extracellular matrix and fibrotic response during tissue repair and regeneration. Finally, we refer to examples where the integration of multi-disciplinary approaches to understand the biomechanics of cellular responses could be utilized in novel medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
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44
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Shyu KG, Wang BW, Fang WJ, Pan CM, Lin CM. Hyperbaric oxygen-induced long non-coding RNA MALAT1 exosomes suppress MicroRNA-92a expression in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12945-12954. [PMID: 32939962 PMCID: PMC7701534 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) improves angiogenesis. The effect of HBO on metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a pro‐angiogenic long non‐coding RNA, in cardiac myocyte‐derived exosomes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether MALAT1 is altered in cardiac myocyte‐derived exosomes in response to HBO as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms of MALAT1 in cardiac myocytes treated with HBO. Cardiac myocytes were cultured, and HBO was applied at 2.5 atmosphere absolute in a hyperbaric chamber. Exosomes were extracted from the culture media. A rat model of AMI generated by the ligation of the left anterior descending artery was used. HBO significantly increased MALAT1 expression in cardiac myocytes and HBO‐induced MALAT1 and exosomes attenuated miR‐92a expression after myocardial infarction. Expression of krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) and CD31 was significantly decreased after infarction and HBO‐induced exosomes significantly reversed the expression. Silencing of MALAT1 using MALAT1‐locked nucleic acid GapmeR significantly attenuated KLF2 and CD31 protein expression after infarction induced by HBO‐induced exosomes. HBO‐induced exosomes also decreased infarct size significantly. HBO‐induced exosomes from cardiac myocytes up‐regulate MALAT1 to suppress miR‐92a expression and counteract the inhibitory effect of miR‐92a on KLF2 and CD31 expression in left ventricular myocardium after myocardial infarction to enhance neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Fang
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Pan
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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45
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Flinn MA, Otten C, Brandt ZJ, Bostrom JR, Kenarsary A, Wan TC, Auchampach JA, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, O'Meara CC, Link BA. Llgl1 regulates zebrafish cardiac development by mediating Yap stability in cardiomyocytes. Development 2020; 147:147/16/dev193581. [PMID: 32843528 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo-Yap pathway regulates multiple cellular processes in response to mechanical and other stimuli. In Drosophila, the polarity protein Lethal (2) giant larvae [L(2)gl], negatively regulates Hippo-mediated transcriptional output. However, in vertebrates, little is known about its homolog Llgl1. Here, we define a novel role for vertebrate Llgl1 in regulating Yap stability in cardiomyocytes, which impacts heart development. In contrast to the role of Drosophila L(2)gl, Llgl1 depletion in cultured rat cardiomyocytes decreased Yap protein levels and blunted target gene transcription without affecting Yap transcript abundance. Llgl1 depletion in zebrafish resulted in larger and dysmorphic cardiomyocytes, pericardial effusion, impaired blood flow and aberrant valvulogenesis. Cardiomyocyte Yap protein levels were decreased in llgl1 morphants, whereas Notch, which is regulated by hemodynamic forces and participates in valvulogenesis, was more broadly activated. Consistent with the role of Llgl1 in regulating Yap stability, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Yap in Llgl1-depleted embryos ameliorated pericardial effusion and restored blood flow velocity. Altogether, our data reveal that vertebrate Llgl1 is crucial for Yap stability in cardiomyocytes and its absence impairs cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Flinn
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cécile Otten
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zachary J Brandt
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jonathan R Bostrom
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Aria Kenarsary
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA .,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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46
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Schwefel K, Spiegler S, Kirchmaier BC, Dellweg PKE, Much CD, Pané-Farré J, Strom TM, Riedel K, Felbor U, Rath M. Fibronectin rescues aberrant phenotype of endothelial cells lacking either CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3. FASEB J 2020; 34:9018-9033. [PMID: 32515053 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902888r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, and CCM3/PDCD10 are associated with autosomal dominant cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCM3 inactivation in human endothelial cells (ECs) has been shown to induce profound defects in cell-cell interaction as well as actin cytoskeleton organization. We here show that CCM3 inactivation impairs fibronectin expression and consequently leads to reduced fibers in the extracellular matrix. Despite the complexity and high molecular weight of fibronectin fibrils, our in vitro model allowed us to reveal that fibronectin supplementation restored aberrant spheroid formation as well as altered EC morphology, and suppressed actin stress fiber formation. Yet, fibronectin replacement neither enhanced the stability of tube-like structures nor inhibited the survival advantage of CCM3-/- ECs. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated introduction of biallelic loss-of-function variants into either CCM1 or CCM2 demonstrated that the impaired production of a functional fibronectin matrix is a common feature of CCM1-, CCM2-, and CCM3-deficient ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schwefel
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Spiegler
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bettina C Kirchmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patricia K E Dellweg
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane D Much
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Pané-Farré
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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47
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Campinho P, Vilfan A, Vermot J. Blood Flow Forces in Shaping the Vascular System: A Focus on Endothelial Cell Behavior. Front Physiol 2020; 11:552. [PMID: 32581842 PMCID: PMC7291788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is the cell monolayer that lines the interior of the blood vessels separating the vessel lumen where blood circulates, from the surrounding tissues. During embryonic development, endothelial cells (ECs) must ensure that a tight barrier function is maintained whilst dynamically adapting to the growing vascular tree that is being formed and remodeled. Blood circulation generates mechanical forces, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch that are directly acting on the endothelium. ECs actively respond to flow-derived mechanical cues by becoming polarized, migrating and changing neighbors, undergoing shape changes, proliferating or even leaving the tissue and changing identity. It is now accepted that coordinated changes at the single cell level drive fundamental processes governing vascular network morphogenesis such as angiogenic sprouting, network pruning, lumen formation, regulation of vessel caliber and stability or cell fate transitions. Here we summarize the cell biology and mechanics of ECs in response to flow-derived forces, discuss the latest advances made at the single cell level with particular emphasis on in vivo studies and highlight potential implications for vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campinho
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrej Vilfan
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Role of aspirin and statin therapy in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 78:246-251. [PMID: 32340842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stagnant blood flow and organizing thrombus are intralesional components of patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Stasis and inflammation are mechanisms of growth, lesional instability and acute hemorrhages with or w/o symptoms. We evaluate the association of pre-diagnostic aspirin and/or statin use with acute hemorrhages at diagnosis. Patients with a CCM diagnosis were identified and categorized according to their medications on admission into four groups (no therapy, statin, aspirin, combined). The primary outcome was an acute hemorrhage (with or w/o symptoms) at diagnosis reported in a standardized manner from the T2 weighted magnetic resonance image. A multivariate generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) was utilized to conduct per-lesion analysis. We identified 446 patients with 635 lesions. An acute hemorrhage at diagnosis was observed in 31% of the patients. There were 328 patients without statin or aspirin therapy, 34% of whom presented with acute hemorrhage. Of patients on aspirin therapy at diagnosis, 25% presented with hemorrhage. Of patients on statin therapy, 26% had a hemorrhage at diagnosis. Combined therapy in 44 patients demonstrated a lower proportion of patients with acute hemorrhages (7 patients, 16% incidence). A GLMM showed that patients in the combined therapy group to have significantly lower odds of having an acute hemorrhage at diagnosis compared to the reference group of no therapy (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.59; P = 0.002). Patients with a CCM receiving therapy with both aspirin and statins were less likely to present at diagnosis with acute hemorrhage.
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49
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Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Tournier-Lasserve E, Derry WB. Blocking Signalopathic Events to Treat Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:874-887. [PMID: 32692314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are pathologies of the brain vasculature characterized by capillary-venous angiomas that result in recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Familial forms are caused by a clonal loss of any of three CCM genes in endothelial cells, which causes the activation of a novel pathophysiological pathway involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF2/4 signaling. Recent work has shown that cavernomas can undergo strong growth when CCM-deficient endothelial cells recruit wild-type neighbors through the secretion of cytokines. This suggests a treatment strategy based on targeting signalopathic events between CCM-deficient endothelial cells and their environment. Such approaches will have to consider recent evidence implicating 'third hits' from hypoxia-induced angiogenesis signaling or the microbiome in modulating the development of cerebral hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- INSERM UMR-1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Service de génétique moléculaire neuro-vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - W Brent Derry
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Developmental and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
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50
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Salama Y, Heida AH, Yokoyama K, Takahashi S, Hattori K, Heissig B. The EGFL7-ITGB3-KLF2 axis enhances survival of multiple myeloma in preclinical models. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1021-1037. [PMID: 32191808 PMCID: PMC7094020 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic factors play a key role in multiple myeloma (MM) growth, relapse, and drug resistance. Here we show that malignant plasma cells (cell lines and patient-derived MM cells) express angiocrine factor EGF like-7 (EGFL7) mRNA and protein. MM cells both produced EGFL7 and expressed the functional EGFL7 receptor integrin β 3 (ITGB3), resulting in ITGB3 phosphorylation and focal adhesion kinase activation. Overexpression of ITGB3 or EGFL7 enhanced MM cell adhesion and proliferation. Intriguingly, ITGB3 overexpression upregulated the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), which further enhanced EGFL7 transcription in MM cells, thereby establishing an EGFL7-ITGB3-KLF2-EGFL7 amplification loop that supports MM cell survival and proliferation. EGFL7 expression was found in certain plasma cells of patients with refractory MM and of patients at primary diagnosis. NOD.CB17-Prkdc/J mice transplanted with MM cells showed elevated human plasma EGFL7 levels. EGFL7 knockdown in patient-derived MM cells and treatment with neutralizing antibodies against EGFL7 inhibited MM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the standard-of-care MM drug bortezomib upregulates EGFL7, ITGB3, and KLF2 expression in MM cells. Inhibition of EGFL7 signaling in synergy with BTZ may provide a novel strategy for inhibiting MM cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Andries Hendrik Heida
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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