1
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Dwivedi D, Meraldi P. Balancing Plk1 activity levels: The secret of synchrony between the cell and the centrosome cycle. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400048. [PMID: 39128131 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The accuracy of cell division requires precise regulation of the cellular machinery governing DNA/genome duplication, ensuring its equal distribution among the daughter cells. The control of the centrosome cycle is crucial for the formation of a bipolar spindle, ensuring error-free segregation of the genome. The cell and centrosome cycles operate in close synchrony along similar principles. Both require a single duplication round in every cell cycle, and both are controlled by the activity of key protein kinases. Nevertheless, our comprehension of the precise cellular mechanisms and critical regulators synchronizing these two cycles remains poorly defined. Here, we present our hypothesis that the spatiotemporal regulation of a dynamic equilibrium of mitotic kinases activities forms a molecular clock that governs the synchronous progression of both the cell and the centrosome cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Zhou K, He Y, Lin X, Zhou H, Xu X, Xu J. KIFC1 depends on TRIM37-mediated ubiquitination of PLK4 to promote centrosome amplification in endometrial cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:419. [PMID: 39349439 PMCID: PMC11442630 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC), as one of the most common cancers, severely threatens female reproductive health. Our previous study has shown that Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) played crucial roles in the progression of EC. In addition, abnormal centrosome amplification, which was reported to be partially regulated by KIFC1, usually occurred in different cancers. However, whether KIFC1 promoted EC through centrosome amplification and the potential mechanism remain to be revealed. The present study demonstrated that overexpressed KIFC1, which exhibited a worse prognosis, had a positive correlation with an increased number of centrosomes in human EC samples. In addition, KIFC1 overexpression in EC cells prompted centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability, and cell cycle progression. Moreover, we demonstrated that KIFC1 inhibited E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM37 to maintain the stability of PLK4 by reducing its ubiquitination degradation, and finally promoting centrosome amplification and EC progression in vitro. Finally, the contributing role of KIFC1 and the inhibitory effect of TRIM37 on EC development and metastasis was verified in a nude mouse xenograft model. Our study elucidated that KIFC1 depends on TRIM37-mediated reduced ubiquitination degradation of PLK4 to promote centrosome amplification and EC progression, thus providing a potential prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target for EC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Pathology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
| | - Jingui Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China.
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3
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Royba E, Shuryak I, Ponnaiya B, Repin M, Pampou S, Karan C, Turner H, Garty G, Brenner DJ. Multiwell-based G0-PCC assay for radiation biodosimetry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19789. [PMID: 39187542 PMCID: PMC11347619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In major radiological events, rapid assays to detect ionizing radiation exposure are crucial for effective medical interventions. The purpose of these assays is twofold: to categorize affected individuals into groups for initial treatments, and to provide definitive dose estimates for continued care and epidemiology. However, existing high-throughput cytogenetic biodosimetry assays take about 3 days to yield results, which delays critical interventions. We have developed a multiwell-based variant of the chemical-induced G0-phase Premature Chromosome Condensation Assay that delivers same-day results. Our findings revealed that using a concentration of phosphatase inhibitor lower than recommended significantly increases the yield of cells with highly condensed chromosomes. These chromosomes exhibited increased fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, enabling to quantify radiation damage using a custom Deep Learning algorithm. This algorithm demonstrated reasonable performance in categorizing doses into distinct treatment groups (84% and 80% accuracy for three and four iso-treatment dose bins, respectively) and showed reliability in determining the actual doses received (correlation coefficient of 0.879). This method is amendable to full automation and has the potential to address the need for same-day, high-throughput cytogenetic test for both dose categorization and dose reconstruction in large-scale radiation emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Royba
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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4
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He Q, Qu M, Xu C, Wu L, Xu Y, Su J, Bao H, Shen T, He Y, Cai J, Xu D, Zeng LH, Wu X. Smoking-induced CCNA2 expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis by boosting AT2/AT2-like cell differentiation. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216922. [PMID: 38704137 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), originates from not only bronchial epithelial cells but also alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which could differentiate into AT2-like cells. AT2-like cells function as cancer stem cells (CSCs) of LUAD tumorigenesis to give rise to adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying AT2 cell differentiation into AT2-like cells in LUAD remains unknown. We analyze genes differentially expressed and genes with significantly different survival curves in LUAD, and the combination of these two analyses yields 147 differential genes, in which 14 differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell cycle pathway. We next analyze the protein levels of these genes in LUAD and find that Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2) is closely associated with LUAD tumorigenesis. Unexpectedly, high CCNA2 expression in LUAD is restrictedly associated with smoking and independent of other driver mutations. Single-cell sequencing analyses reveal that CCNA2 is predominantly involved in AT2-like cell differentiation, while inhibition of CCNA2 significantly reverses smoking-induced AT2-like cell differentiation. Mechanistically, CCNA2 binding to CDK2 phosphorylates the AXIN1 complex, which in turn induces ubiquitination-dependent degradation of β-catenin and inhibits the WNT signaling pathway, thereby failing AT2 cell maintenance. These results uncover smoking-induced CCNA2 overexpression and subsequent WNT/β-catenin signaling inactivation as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism controlling AT2 cell differentiation and LUAD tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lichao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangxun He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Da Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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5
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Royba E, Shuryak I, Ponnaiya B, Repin M, Pampou S, Karan C, Turner H, Garty G, Brenner DJ. Multiwell-based G0-PCC assay for radiation biodosimetry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596074. [PMID: 38854157 PMCID: PMC11160667 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In cytogenetic biodosimetry, assessing radiation exposure typically requires over 48 hours for cells to reach mitosis, significantly delaying the administration of crucial radiation countermeasures needed within the first 24 hours post-exposure. To improve medical response times, we incorporated the G0-Premature Chromosome Condensation (G0-PCC) technique with the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool-II (RABiT-II), creating a faster alternative for large-scale radiation emergencies. Our findings revealed that using a lower concentration of Calyculin A (Cal A) than recommended effectively increased the yield of highly-condensed G0-PCC cells (hPCC). However, integrating recombinant CDK1/Cyclin B kinase, vital for chromosome condensation, proved challenging due to the properties of these proteins affecting interactions with cellular membranes. Interestingly, Cal A alone was capable of inducing chromosome compaction in some G0 cells even in the absence of mitotic kinases, although these chromosomes displayed atypical morphologies. This suggests that Cal A mechanism for compacting G0 chromatin may differ from condensation driven by mitotic kinases. Additionally, we observed a correlation between radiation dose and extent of hPCC chromosome fragmentation, which allowed us to automate radiation damage quantification using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our method can address the need for a same-day cytogenetic biodosimetry test in radiation emergency situations.
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6
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Black EM, Ramírez Parrado CA, Trier I, Li W, Joo YK, Pichurin J, Liu Y, Kabeche L. Chk2 sustains PLK1 activity in mitosis to ensure proper chromosome segregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584115. [PMID: 38559033 PMCID: PMC10979866 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protects against genome instability by ensuring timely and accurate mitotic cell division. PLK1 activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle. Although the pathways that initially activate PLK1 in G2 are well-characterized, the factors that directly regulate PLK1 in mitosis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that human PLK1 activity is sustained by the DNA damage response kinase Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in mitosis. Chk2 directly phosphorylates PLK1 T210, a residue on its T-loop whose phosphorylation is essential for full PLK1 kinase activity. Loss of Chk2-dependent PLK1 activity causes increased mitotic errors, including chromosome misalignment, chromosome missegregation, and cytokinetic defects. Moreover, Chk2 deficiency increases sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors, suggesting that Chk2 status may be an informative biomarker for PLK1 inhibitor efficacy. This work demonstrates that Chk2 sustains mitotic PLK1 activity and protects genome stability through discrete functions in interphase DNA damage repair and mitotic chromosome segregation.
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7
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Lacroix B, Vigneron S, Labbé JC, Pintard L, Lionne C, Labesse G, Castro A, Lorca T. Increases in cyclin A/Cdk activity and in PP2A-B55 inhibition by FAM122A are key mitosis-inducing events. EMBO J 2024; 43:993-1014. [PMID: 38378890 PMCID: PMC10943098 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Entry into mitosis has been classically attributed to the activation of a cyclin B/Cdk1 amplification loop via a partial pool of this kinase becoming active at the end of G2 phase. However, how this initial pool is activated is still unknown. Here we discovered a new role of the recently identified PP2A-B55 inhibitor FAM122A in triggering mitotic entry. Accordingly, depletion of the orthologue of FAM122A in C. elegans prevents entry into mitosis in germline stem cells. Moreover, data from Xenopus egg extracts strongly suggest that FAM122A-dependent inhibition of PP2A-B55 could be the initial event promoting mitotic entry. Inhibition of this phosphatase allows subsequent phosphorylation of early mitotic substrates by cyclin A/Cdk, resulting in full cyclin B/Cdk1 and Greatwall (Gwl) kinase activation. Subsequent to Greatwall activation, Arpp19/ENSA become phosphorylated and now compete with FAM122A, promoting its dissociation from PP2A-B55 and taking over its phosphatase inhibition role until the end of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lacroix
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Vigneron
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean Claude Labbé
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lionne
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Castro
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
- Programme équipes Labellisées Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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8
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Dragoi CM, Kaur E, Barr AR, Tyson JJ, Novák B. The oscillation of mitotic kinase governs cell cycle latches in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261364. [PMID: 38206091 PMCID: PMC10911285 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cell cycle alternates between two phases - S-G2-M with high levels of A- and B-type cyclins (CycA and CycB, respectively) bound to cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and G1 with persistent degradation of CycA and CycB by an activated anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) bound to Cdh1 (also known as FZR1 in mammals; denoted APC/C:Cdh1). Because CDKs phosphorylate and inactivate Cdh1, these two phases are mutually exclusive. This 'toggle switch' is flipped from G1 to S by cyclin-E bound to a CDK (CycE:CDK), which is not degraded by APC/C:Cdh1, and from M to G1 by Cdc20-bound APC/C (APC/C:Cdc20), which is not inactivated by CycA:CDK or CycB:CDK. After flipping the switch, cyclin E is degraded and APC/C:Cdc20 is inactivated. Combining mathematical modelling with single-cell timelapse imaging, we show that dysregulation of CycB:CDK disrupts strict alternation of the G1-S and M-G1 switches. Inhibition of CycB:CDK results in Cdc20-independent Cdh1 'endocycles', and sustained activity of CycB:CDK drives Cdh1-independent Cdc20 endocycles. Our model provides a mechanistic explanation for how whole-genome doubling can arise, a common event in tumorigenesis that can drive tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin-Mihai Dragoi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - John J. Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Béla Novák
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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9
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Dwivedi D, Harry D, Meraldi P. Mild replication stress causes premature centriole disengagement via a sub-critical Plk1 activity under the control of ATR-Chk1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6088. [PMID: 37773176 PMCID: PMC10541884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A tight synchrony between the DNA and centrosome cycle is essential for genomic integrity. Centriole disengagement, which licenses centrosomes for duplication, occurs normally during mitotic exit. We recently demonstrated that mild DNA replication stress typically seen in cancer cells causes premature centriole disengagement in untransformed mitotic human cells, leading to transient multipolar spindles that favour chromosome missegregation. How mild replication stress accelerates the centrosome cycle at the molecular level remained, however, unclear. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that mild replication stress induces premature centriole disengagement already in G2 via the ATR-Chk1 axis of the DNA damage repair pathway. This results in a sub-critical Plk1 kinase activity that primes the pericentriolar matrix for Separase-dependent disassembly but is insufficient for rapid mitotic entry, causing premature centriole disengagement in G2. We postulate that the differential requirement of Plk1 activity for the DNA and centrosome cycles explains how mild replication stress disrupts the synchrony between both processes and contributes to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Harry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Sturiale V, Bruno F, Brancato D, D’Amico AG, Maugeri G, D’Agata V, Saccone S, Federico C. Cell Cycle Reactivation, at the Start of Neurodegeneration, Induced by Forskolin and Aniline in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14373. [PMID: 37762676 PMCID: PMC10531780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, a phenomenon that appears to have associations with oxidative stress, double-stranded DNA breakage, and the de-condensation of heterochromatin. Re-entry into the cell division cycle appears to be involved in the onset of this neurodegenerative process. Indeed, the cell cycle cannot proceed regularly in the differentiated neurons leading to cell death. Here, we induced cell cycle reactivation in neuronal-like cells, obtained by neuroblastoma cells treated with retinoic acid, by exposure to forskolin or aniline. These compounds determine tau hyperphosphorylation or oxidative stress, respectively, resulting in the appearance of features resembling the start of neuronal degeneration typical of AD, such as tau hyperphosphorylation and re-entry into the cell cycle. Indeed, we detected an increased transcriptional level of cyclins and the appearance of a high number of mitotic cells. We also observed a delay in the initiation of the cell cycle when forskolin was co-administered with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). This delay was not observed when PACAP was co-administered with aniline. Our data demonstrate the relevance of tau hyperphosphorylation in initiating an ectopic cell cycle in differentiated neuronal cells, a condition that can lead to neurodegeneration. Moreover, we highlight the utility of neuroblastoma cell lines as an in vitro cellular model to test the possible neuroprotective effects of natural molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sturiale
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bruno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Desiree Brancato
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Agata Grazia D’Amico
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (F.B.)
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11
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Bono A, La Monica G, Alamia F, Mingoia F, Gentile C, Peri D, Lauria A, Martorana A. In Silico Mixed Ligand/Structure-Based Design of New CDK-1/PARP-1 Dual Inhibitors as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13769. [PMID: 37762072 PMCID: PMC10531453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK-1 and PARP-1 play crucial roles in breast cancer progression. Compounds acting as CDK-1 and/or PARP-1 inhibitors can induct cell death in breast cancer with a selective synthetic lethality mechanism. A mixed treatment by means of CDK-1 and PARP-1 inhibitors resulted in radical breast cancer cell growth reduction. Inhibitors with a dual target mechanism of action could arrest cancer progression by simultaneously blocking the DNA repair mechanism and cell cycle, resulting in advantageous monotherapy. To this aim, in the present work, we identified compound 645656 with a significant affinity for both CDK-1 and PARP-1 by a mixed ligand- and structure-based virtual screening protocol. The Biotarget Predictor Tool was used at first in a Multitarget mode to filter the large National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. Then, hierarchical docking studies were performed to further screen the compounds and evaluate the ligands binding mode, whose putative dual-target mechanism of action was investigated through the correlation between the antiproliferative activity data and the target proteins' (CDK-1 and PARP-1) expression pattern. Finally, a Molecular Dynamics Simulation confirmed the high stability of the most effective selected compound 645656 in complex with both PARP-1 and CDK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bono
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Gabriele La Monica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Alamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Mingoia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniele Peri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione Industriale e Digitale, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale 10 delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
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12
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Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Liew YX, Karen-Ng LP, Vincent-Chong VK. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Products as Therapeutic or Chemopreventive Agents against Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Using Preclinical Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2359. [PMID: 37760799 PMCID: PMC10525836 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of cancer that arises from the epithelium lining of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. Despite the advancement of current treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the overall survival rate of patients afflicted with HNSCC remains poor. The reasons for these poor outcomes are due to late diagnoses and patient-acquired resistance to treatment. Natural products have been extensively explored as a safer and more acceptable alternative therapy to the current treatments, with numerous studies displaying their potential against HNSCC. This review highlights preclinical studies in the past 5 years involving natural products against HNSCC and explores the signaling pathways altered by these products. This review also addresses challenges and future directions of natural products as chemotherapeutic and chemoprevention agents against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Xuan Liew
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Lee Peng Karen-Ng
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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14
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El Dika M, Dudka D, Kloc M, Kubiak JZ. CDC6 as a Key Inhibitory Regulator of CDK1 Activation Dynamics and the Timing of Mitotic Entry and Progression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:855. [PMID: 37372141 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Timely mitosis is critically important for early embryo development. It is regulated by the activity of the conserved protein kinase CDK1. The dynamics of CDK1 activation must be precisely controlled to assure physiologic and timely entry into mitosis. Recently, a known S-phase regulator CDC6 emerged as a key player in mitotic CDK1 activation cascade in early embryonic divisions, operating together with Xic1 as a CDK1 inhibitor upstream of the Aurora A and PLK1, both CDK1 activators. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie the control of mitotic timing, with special emphasis on how CDC6/Xic1 function impacts CDK1 regulatory network in the Xenopus system. We focus on the presence of two independent mechanisms inhibiting the dynamics of CDK1 activation, namely Wee1/Myt1- and CDC6/Xic1-dependent, and how they cooperate with CDK1-activating mechanisms. As a result, we propose a comprehensive model integrating CDC6/Xic1-dependent inhibition into the CDK1-activation cascade. The physiological dynamics of CDK1 activation appear to be controlled by the system of multiple inhibitors and activators, and their integrated modulation ensures concomitantly both the robustness and certain flexibility of the control of this process. Identification of multiple activators and inhibitors of CDK1 upon M-phase entry allows for a better understanding of why cells divide at a specific time and how the pathways involved in the timely regulation of cell division are all integrated to precisely tune the control of mitotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Dika
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Damian Dudka
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
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15
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Ng LY, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Cyclin A-CDK1 suppresses the expression of the CDK1 activator CDC25A to safeguard timely mitotic entry. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102957. [PMID: 36717077 PMCID: PMC9986519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A and CDC25A are both activators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): cyclin A acts as an activating subunit of CDKs and CDC25A a phosphatase of the inhibitory phosphorylation sites of the CDKs. In this study, we uncovered an inverse relationship between the two CDK activators. As cyclin A is an essential gene, we generated a conditional silencing cell line using a combination of CRISPR-Cas9 and degron-tagged cyclin A. Destruction of cyclin A promoted an acute accumulation of CDC25A. The increase of CDC25A after cyclin A depletion occurred throughout the cell cycle and was independent on cell cycle delay caused by cyclin A deficiency. Moreover, we determined that the inverse relationship with cyclin A was specific for CDC25A and not for other CDC25 family members or kinases that regulate the same sites in CDKs. Unexpectedly, the upregulation of CDC25A was mainly caused by an increase in transcriptional activity instead of a change in the stability of the protein. Reversing the accumulation of CDC25A severely delayed G2-M in cyclin A-depleted cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence of a compensatory mechanism involving CDC25A that ensures timely mitotic entry at different levels of cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Yan Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Remsburg CM, Konrad KD, Song JL. RNA localization to the mitotic spindle is essential for early development and is regulated by kinesin-1 and dynein. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260528. [PMID: 36751992 PMCID: PMC10038151 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is a fundamental and highly regulated process that acts to faithfully segregate chromosomes into two identical daughter cells. Localization of gene transcripts involved in mitosis to the mitotic spindle might be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to ensure that mitosis occurs in a timely manner. We identified many RNA transcripts that encode proteins involved in mitosis localized at the mitotic spindles in dividing sea urchin embryos and mammalian cells. Disruption of microtubule polymerization, kinesin-1 or dynein results in lack of spindle localization of these transcripts in the sea urchin embryo. Furthermore, results indicate that the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) within the 3'UTR of the Aurora B transcript, a recognition sequence for CPEB, is essential for RNA localization to the mitotic spindle in the sea urchin embryo. Blocking this sequence results in arrested development during early cleavage stages, suggesting that RNA localization to the mitotic spindle might be a regulatory mechanism of cell division that is important for early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Remsburg
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kalin D. Konrad
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jia L. Song
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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17
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de Oliveira Freitas Machado C, Schafranek M, Brüggemann M, Hernández Cañás M, Keller M, Di Liddo A, Brezski A, Blümel N, Arnold B, Bremm A, Wittig I, Jaé N, McNicoll F, Dimmeler S, Zarnack K, Müller-McNicoll M. Poison cassette exon splicing of SRSF6 regulates nuclear speckle dispersal and the response to hypoxia. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:870-890. [PMID: 36620874 PMCID: PMC9881134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces massive changes in alternative splicing (AS) to adapt cells to the lack of oxygen. Here, we identify the splicing factor SRSF6 as a key factor in the AS response to hypoxia. The SRSF6 level is strongly reduced in acute hypoxia, which serves a dual purpose: it allows for exon skipping and triggers the dispersal of nuclear speckles. Our data suggest that cells use dispersal of nuclear speckles to reprogram their gene expression during hypoxic adaptation and that SRSF6 plays an important role in cohesion of nuclear speckles. Down-regulation of SRSF6 is achieved through inclusion of a poison cassette exon (PCE) promoted by SRSF4. Removing the PCE 3' splice site using CRISPR/Cas9 abolishes SRSF6 reduction in hypoxia. Aberrantly high SRSF6 levels in hypoxia attenuate hypoxia-mediated AS and impair dispersal of nuclear speckles. As a consequence, proliferation and genomic instability are increased, while the stress response is suppressed. The SRSF4-PCE-SRSF6 hypoxia axis is active in different cancer types, and high SRSF6 expression in hypoxic tumors correlates with a poor prognosis. We propose that the ultra-conserved PCE of SRSF6 acts as a tumor suppressor and that its inclusion in hypoxia is crucial to reduce SRSF6 levels. This may prevent tumor cells from entering the metastatic route of hypoxia adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Oliveira Freitas Machado
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michal Schafranek
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko Brüggemann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Mario Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Liddo
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andre Brezski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Blümel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Bremm
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - François McNicoll
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Kathi Zarnack.
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18
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Lacroix B, Lorca T, Castro A. Structural, enzymatic and spatiotemporal regulation of PP2A-B55 phosphatase in the control of mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:967909. [PMID: 36105360 PMCID: PMC9465306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.967909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells require major physical changes to induce a proper repartition of the DNA. Nuclear envelope breakdown, DNA condensation and spindle formation are promoted at mitotic entry by massive protein phosphorylation and reversed at mitotic exit by the timely and ordered dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates. This phosphorylation results from the balance between the activity of kinases and phosphatases. The role of kinases in the control of mitosis has been largely studied, however, the impact of phosphatases has long been underestimated. Recent data have now established that the regulation of phosphatases is crucial to confer timely and ordered cellular events required for cell division. One major phosphatase involved in this process is the phosphatase holoenzyme PP2A-B55. This review will be focused in the latest structural, biochemical and enzymatic insights provided for PP2A-B55 phosphatase as well as its regulators and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5237Montpellier, France
- Équipe Labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5237Montpellier, France
- Équipe Labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Paris, France
| | - Anna Castro
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5237Montpellier, France
- Équipe Labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Anna Castro,
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19
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Tan T, Wu C, Liu B, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar115. [PMID: 35976701 PMCID: PMC9635296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term M-phase supershift denotes the phosphorylation-dependent substantial increase in the apparent molecular weight of numerous proteins of varied biological functions during M-phase induction. Although the M-phase supershift of multiple key mitotic regulators has been attributed to the multisite phosphorylation catalyzed by the Cdk1/cyclin B/Cks complex, this view is challenged by multiple lines of paradoxical observations. To solve this problem, we reconstituted the M-phase supershift of Xenopus Cdc25C, Myt1, Wee1A, APC3 and Greatwall in Xenopus egg extracts and characterized the supershift-producing phosphorylations. Our results demonstrate that their M-phase supershifts are each due to simultaneous phosphorylation of a considerable portion of S/T/Y residues in a long intrinsically disordered region that is enriched in both S/T residues and S/TP motifs. Although the major mitotic kinases in Xenopus egg extracts, Cdk1, MAPK, Plx1 and RSK2, are able to phosphorylate the five mitotic regulators, they are neither sufficient nor required to produce the M-phase supershift. Accordingly, inhibition of the four major mitotic kinase activities in Xenopus oocytes did not inhibit the M-phase supershift in okadaic acid-induced oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that the M-phase supershift is produced by a previously unrecognized category of mitotic phosphorylation that likely plays important roles in M-phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehao Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Burlando B. A general hypothesis of multistable systems in pathophysiology. F1000Res 2022; 11:906. [PMID: 36226044 PMCID: PMC9530619 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123183.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive investigations numerous diseases remain etiologically puzzling and recalcitrant to treatments. A hypothesis is proposed here assuming that these difficulties are due to an unsuitable approach to the mechanisms of life, which is subjugated by an apparent complexity and fails to grasp the uniformity that lays behind. The stability of metabolism, despite the enormous complex of chemical reactions, suggests that reciprocal control is a prerequisite of life. Negative feedback loops have been known for a long time to maintain homeostasis, while more recently, different life processes involved in transitions or changes have been modeled by positive loops giving rise to bistable switches, also including various diseases. The present hypothesis makes a generalization, by assuming that any functional element of a biological system is involved in a positive or a negative feedback loop. Consequently, the hypothesis holds that the starting mechanism of any disease that affects a healthy human can be conceptually reduced to a bistable or multistationary loop system, thus providing a unifying model leading to the discovery of critical therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
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21
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Burlando B. A general theory of multistable systems in pathophysiology. F1000Res 2022; 11:906. [PMID: 36226044 PMCID: PMC9530619 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123183.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive investigations numerous diseases remain etiologically puzzling and recalcitrant to treatments. A theory is proposed here assuming that these difficulties are due to an unsuitable approach to the mechanisms of life, which is subjugated by an apparent complexity and fails to grasp the uniformity that lays behind. The stability of metabolism, despite the enormous complex of chemical reactions, suggests that reciprocal control is a prerequisite of life. Negative feedback loops have been known for a long time to maintain homeostasis, while more recently, different life processes involved in transitions or changes have been modeled by positive loops giving rise to bistable switches, also including various diseases. The present theory makes a generalization, by assuming that any functional element of a biological system is involved in a positive or a negative feedback loop. Consequently, the theory holds that the starting mechanism of any disease that affects a healthy human can be conceptually reduced to a bistable or multistationary loop system, thus providing a unifying model leading to the discovery of critical therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
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22
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Burlando B. A general hypothesis of multistable systems in pathophysiology. F1000Res 2022; 11:906. [PMID: 36226044 PMCID: PMC9530619 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123183.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive investigations numerous diseases remain etiologically puzzling and recalcitrant to treatments. A hypothesis is proposed here assuming that these difficulties are due to an unsuitable approach to the mechanisms of life, which is subjugated by an apparent complexity and fails to grasp the uniformity that lays behind. The stability of metabolism, despite the enormous complex of chemical reactions, suggests that reciprocal control is a prerequisite of life. Negative feedback loops have been known for a long time to maintain homeostasis, while more recently, different life processes involved in transitions or changes have been modeled by positive loops giving rise to bistable switches, also including various diseases. The present hypothesis makes a generalization, by assuming that any functional element of a biological system is involved in a positive or a negative feedback loop. Consequently, the hypothesis holds that the starting mechanism of any disease that affects a healthy human can be conceptually reduced to a bistable or multistationary loop system, thus providing a unifying model leading to the discovery of critical therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
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23
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Explaining Redundancy in CDK-Mediated Control of the Cell Cycle: Unifying the Continuum and Quantitative Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132019. [PMID: 35805103 PMCID: PMC9265933 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are required for the onset of DNA replication and mitosis, and distinct CDK–cyclin complexes are activated sequentially throughout the cell cycle. It is widely thought that specific complexes are required to traverse a point of commitment to the cell cycle in G1, and to promote S-phase and mitosis, respectively. Thus, according to a popular model that has dominated the field for decades, the inherent specificity of distinct CDK–cyclin complexes for different substrates at each phase of the cell cycle generates the correct order and timing of events. However, the results from the knockouts of genes encoding cyclins and CDKs do not support this model. An alternative “quantitative” model, validated by much recent work, suggests that it is the overall level of CDK activity (with the opposing input of phosphatases) that determines the timing and order of S-phase and mitosis. We take this model further by suggesting that the subdivision of the cell cycle into discrete phases (G0, G1, S, G2, and M) is outdated and problematic. Instead, we revive the “continuum” model of the cell cycle and propose that a combination with the quantitative model better defines a conceptual framework for understanding cell cycle control.
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24
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Darnat P, Burg A, Sallé J, Lacoste J, Louvet-Vallée S, Gho M, Audibert A. Cortical Cyclin A controls spindle orientation during asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2723. [PMID: 35581185 PMCID: PMC9114397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination between cell proliferation and cell polarity is crucial to orient the asymmetric cell divisions to generate cell diversity in epithelia. In many instances, the Frizzled/Dishevelled planar cell polarity pathway is involved in mitotic spindle orientation, but how this is spatially and temporally coordinated with cell cycle progression has remained elusive. Using Drosophila sensory organ precursor cells as a model system, we show that Cyclin A, the main Cyclin driving the transition to M-phase of the cell cycle, is recruited to the apical-posterior cortex in prophase by the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex. This cortically localized Cyclin A then regulates the orientation of the division by recruiting Mud, a homologue of NuMA, the well-known spindle-associated protein. The observed non-canonical subcellular localization of Cyclin A reveals this mitotic factor as a direct link between cell proliferation, cell polarity and spindle orientation. The Frizzled/Dishevelled planar cell polarity pathway is involved in mitotic spindle orientation, but how this is coordinated with the cell cycle is unclear. Here, the authors show with Drosophila sensory organ precursor cells that Cyclin A is recruited in prophase by Frizzled/Dishevelled, regulating division orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Darnat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Burg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Sallé
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, Cellular Spatial Organization Team, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Lacoste
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Louvet-Vallée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Michel Gho
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Agnès Audibert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LBD-IBPS), Cell cycle and cell determination Team, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Pillan A, Tavernier N, Pintard L. [The kiss of life: Aurora A embraces the phosphate of its cofactor Bora to trigger mitotic entry]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:345-347. [PMID: 35485893 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pillan
- Programme Équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer, Équipe Cycle cellulaire & développement, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tavernier
- Programme Équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer, Équipe Cycle cellulaire & développement, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Programme Équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer, Équipe Cycle cellulaire & développement, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
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Differentially Expressed Genes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tissues and Their Correlation with Recurrence and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1941412. [PMID: 35509856 PMCID: PMC9061011 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1941412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bioinformatics tools were used to identify key genes to study the molecular mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development and to explore the correlation of these key genes with the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. The GSE61218 microarray dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO) was used. The limma R package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NPC and normal nasopharyngeal (NP) tissues. KEGG functional enrichment was performed on these selected DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape software to identify key node proteins. The NPC-metastasis microarray dataset GSE103611 was obtained from GEO to analyze the expression of DEGs in NPC metastasis. A total of 239 DEGs were identified. DEGs were mainly enriched in oocyte maturation-related pathways, cytokine-related pathways, cell cycle-related pathways, cancer-related pathways, and homologous recombination-related pathways. In addition, the top 10 nodes with the higher degree in the DEG PPI network were as follows: CDK1, CCNB2, BUB1, CCNA2, AURKB, BUB1B, MAD2L1, NDC80, BIRC5, and CENPF. The results indicated that DEGs may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC by regulating cell cycle and mitosis, which can be used as molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPC. In addition, we identified 87 DEGs with
and
from the metastasis spectrum of NPC. The intersection gene between DEGs of NPC and normal NP tissue samples and those of the metastatic spectrum of NPC was identified to be VRK2. The expression of VRK2 in NPC samples was significantly higher than that in normal NP tissue, and similarly, VRK2 expression was significantly upregulated in metastatic samples compared with nonmetastatic samples (
). Therefore, VRK2 may be a biomarker for predicting the metastasis of NPC patients after treatment.
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Gallaud E, Richard-Parpaillon L, Bataillé L, Pascal A, Métivier M, Archambault V, Giet R. The spindle assembly checkpoint and the spatial activation of Polo kinase determine the duration of cell division and prevent tumor formation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010145. [PMID: 35377889 PMCID: PMC9009772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a restricted pool of asymmetrically dividing stem cells is essential for tissue homeostasis. This process requires the control of mitotic progression that ensures the accurate chromosome segregation. In addition, this event is coupled to the asymmetric distribution of cell fate determinants in order to prevent stem cell amplification. How this coupling is regulated remains poorly described. Here, using asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs), we show that Polo kinase activity levels determine timely Cyclin B degradation and mitotic progression independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). This event is mediated by the direct phosphorylation of Polo kinase by Aurora A at spindle poles and Aurora B kinases at centromeres. Furthermore, we show that Aurora A-dependent activation of Polo is the major event that promotes NSC polarization and together with the SAC prevents brain tumor growth. Altogether, our results show that an Aurora/Polo kinase module couples NSC mitotic progression and polarization for tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gallaud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Richard-Parpaillon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Laetitia Bataillé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Aude Pascal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Métivier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Archambault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Régis Giet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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Kim S, Chien YH, Ryan A, Kintner C. Emi2 enables centriole amplification during multiciliated cell differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7538. [PMID: 35363516 PMCID: PMC10938574 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive centriole amplification during multiciliated cell (MCC) differentiation is a notable example of organelle biogenesis. This process is thought to be enabled by a derived cell cycle state, but the key cell cycle components required for centriole amplification in MCC progenitors remain poorly defined. Here, we show that emi2 (fbxo43) expression is up-regulated and acts in MCC progenitors after cell cycle exit to transiently inhibit anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)cdh1 activity. We find that this inhibition is required for the phosphorylation and activation of a key cell cycle kinase, plk1, which acts, in turn, to promote different steps required for centriole amplification and basal body formation, including centriole disengagement, apical migration, and maturation into basal bodies. This emi2-APC/C-plk1 axis is also required to down-regulate gene expression essential for centriole amplification after differentiation is complete. These results identify an emi2-APC/C-plk1 axis that promotes and then terminates centriole assembly and basal body formation during MCC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjae Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan-Hung Chien
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Kintner
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Lebrec V, Poteau M, Morretton JP, Gavet O. Chk1 dynamics in G2 phase upon replication stress predict daughter cell outcome. Dev Cell 2022; 57:638-653.e5. [PMID: 35245445 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In human cells, ATR/Chk1 signaling couples S phase exit with the expression of mitotic inducers and prevents premature mitosis upon replication stress (RS). Nonetheless, under-replicated DNA can persist at mitosis, prompting chromosomal instability. To decipher how the DNA replication checkpoint (DRC) allows cells to enter mitosis over time upon RS, we developed a FRET-based Chk1 activity sensor. During unperturbed growth, a basal Chk1 activity level is sustained throughout S phase and relies on replication origin firing. Incremental RS triggers stepwise Chk1 over-activation that delays S-phase, suggesting a rheostat-like role for DRC coupled with the replication machinery. Upon RS, Chk1 is inactivated as DNA replication terminates but surprisingly is reactivated in a subset of G2 cells, which relies on Cdk1/2 and Plk1 and prevents mitotic entry. Cells can override active Chk1 signaling and reach mitosis onset, revealing checkpoint adaptation. Cell division following Chk1 reactivation in G2 results in a p53/p21-dependent G1 arrest, eliminating the daughter cells from proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Lebrec
- UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Marion Poteau
- UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Morretton
- UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Gavet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris VI, UFR927, 75005 Paris, France; UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Cell cycle involvement in cancer therapy; WEE1 kinase, a potential target as therapeutic strategy. Mutat Res 2022; 824:111776. [PMID: 35247630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is the process of cell division and is regulated by checkpoints in the cell cycle. G1-S, S, and G2-M are the three main checkpoints that prevent initiation of the next phase of the cell cycle phase until previous phase has completed. DNA damage leads to activation of the G2-M checkpoint, which can trigger a downstream DNA damage response (DDR) pathway to induce cell cycle arrest while the damage is repaired. If the DNA damage cannot be repaired, the replication stress response (RSR) pathway finally leads to cell death by apoptosis, in this case called mitotic catastrophe. Many cancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) cause DNA damages based on SSBs (single strand breaks) or DSBs (double strand breaks), which cause cell death through mitotic catastrophe. However, damaged cells can activate WEE1 kinase (as a part of the DDR and RSR pathways), which prevents apoptosis and cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. Therefore, inhibition of WEE1 kinase could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This review focuses on the role of WEE1 kinase (as a biological macromolecule which has a molecular mass of 96 kDa) in the cell cycle, and its interactions with other regulatory pathways. In addition, we discuss the potential of WEE1 inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of various cancers, such as melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, etc.
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Fidalgo da Silva E, Fong J, Roye-Azar A, Nadi A, Drouillard C, Pillon A, Porter LA. Beyond Protein Synthesis; The Multifaceted Roles of Tuberin in Cell Cycle Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:806521. [PMID: 35096832 PMCID: PMC8795880 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense diverse environmental signals, including nutrient availability and conditions of stress, is critical for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to mount an appropriate physiological response. While there is a great deal known about the different biochemical pathways that can detect and relay information from the environment, how these signals are integrated to control progression through the cell cycle is still an expanding area of research. Over the past three decades the proteins Tuberin, Hamartin and TBC1D7 have emerged as a large protein complex called the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. This complex can integrate a wide variety of environmental signals to control a host of cell biology events including protein synthesis, cell cycle, protein transport, cell adhesion, autophagy, and cell growth. Worldwide efforts have revealed many molecular pathways which alter Tuberin post-translationally to convey messages to these important pathways, with most of the focus being on the regulation over protein synthesis. Herein we review the literature supporting that the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex plays a critical role in integrating environmental signals with the core cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. A. Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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PP2A-B55: substrates and regulators in the control of cellular functions. Oncogene 2022; 41:1-14. [PMID: 34686773 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PP2A is a major serine/threonine phosphatase class involved in the regulation of cell signaling through the removal of protein phosphorylation. This class of phosphatases is comprised of different heterotrimeric complexes displaying distinct substrate specificities. The present review will focus on one specific heterocomplex, the phosphatase PP2A-B55. Herein, we will report the direct substrates of this phosphatase identified to date, and its impact on different cell signaling cascades. We will additionally describe its negative regulation by its inhibitors Arpp19 and ENSA and their upstream kinase Greatwall. Finally, we will describe the essential molecular features defining PP2A-B55 substrate specificity that confer the correct temporal pattern of substrate dephosphorylation. The main objective of this review is to provide the reader with a unique source compiling all the knowledge of this particular holoenzyme that has evolved as a key enzyme for cell homeostasis and cancer development.
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Iliaki S, Beyaert R, Afonina IS. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114747. [PMID: 34454931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PLK1 is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is best known for its role in cell cycle regulation and is expressed predominantly during the G2/S and M phase of the cell cycle. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of specific substrates controls cell entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion and cytokinesis. In addition, a growing body of evidence describes additional roles of PLK1 beyond the cell cycle, more specifically in the DNA damage response, autophagy, apoptosis and cytokine signaling. PLK1 has an indisputable role in cancer as it controls several key transcription factors and promotes cell proliferation, transformation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, deregulation of PLK1 results in chromosome instability and aneuploidy. PLK1 is overexpressed in many cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis, making PLK1 an attractive target for cancer treatment. Additionally, PLK1 is involved in immune and neurological disorders including Graft versus Host Disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, newly developed small compound PLK1 inhibitors have only had limited success so far, due to low therapeutic response rates and toxicity. In this review we will highlight the current knowledge about the established roles of PLK1 in mitosis regulation and beyond. In addition, we will discuss its tumor promoting but also tumor suppressing capacities, as well as the available PLK1 inhibitors, elaborating on their efficacy and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Iliaki
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Lebenzon JE, Torson AS, Sinclair BJ. Diapause differentially modulates the transcriptomes of fat body and flight muscle in the Colorado potato beetle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100906. [PMID: 34509173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many temperate insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle, enter diapause in winter, during which they arrest their development, suppress their metabolic rate and have high stress tolerance. Diapause phenotypes can be transcriptionally regulated, however many studies to date report only whole animal gene expression rather than tissue-specific processes during diapause. We used RNA-seq to measure gene expression in fat body and flight muscle of diapausing and non-diapausing beetles. We used differential expression and GO enrichment analyses to evaluate longstanding hypotheses about the mechanisms that drive arrested development, changes in energy metabolism, and increased stress tolerance during diapause. We found evidence of G2/M cell cycle arrest, juvenile hormone catabolism, increased antioxidant metabolism, epigenetic modification, transposable element regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling in both the fat body and flight muscle of diapausing beetles. Beetles differentially modulated the fat body and flight muscle transcriptomes during diapause with fat body playing a larger role in the hypoxia response and immunity, whereas flight muscle had higher abundance of transcripts related to the chaperone response and proteostasis. Our transcriptome provides evidence for distinct roles and responses of fat body and flight muscle during diapause in the Colorado potato beetle, and we provide testable hypotheses for biological processes that appear to drive diapause phenotypes in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Lebenzon
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Abstract
Aurora A is a serine/threonine kinase essential for mitotic entry and spindle assembly. Recent molecular studies have revealed the existence of multiple, distinct mechanisms of Aurora A activation, each occurring at specific subcellular locations, optimized for cellular context, and primed by signaling events including phosphorylation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tavernier
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer - Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer - Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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Pal-Ghosh R, Xue D, Warburton R, Hill N, Polgar P, Wilson JL. CDC2 Is an Important Driver of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via FOXM1 and PLK1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6943. [PMID: 34203295 PMCID: PMC8268698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the hyperplastic proliferation exhibited by the vascular smooth muscle cells from patients (HPASMC). The growth inducers FOXM1 and PLK1 are highly upregulated in these cells. The mechanism by which these two proteins direct aberrant growth in these cells is not clear. Herein, we identify cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), also termed cell division cycle protein 2 (CDC2), as having a primary role in promoting progress of the cell cycle leading to proliferation in HPASMC. HPASMC obtained from PAH patients and pulmonary arteries from Sugen/hypoxia rats were investigated for their expression of CDC2. Protein levels of CDC2 were much higher in PAH than in cells from normal donors. Knocking down FOXM1 or PLK1 protein expression with siRNA or pharmacological inhibitors lowered the cellular expression of CDC2 considerably. However, knockdown of CDC2 with siRNA or inhibiting its activity with RO-3306 did not reduce the protein expression of FOXM1 or PLK1. Expression of CDC2 and FOXM1 reached its maximum at G1/S, while PLK1 reached its maximum at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The expression of other CDKs such as CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, CDK7, and CDK9 did not change in PAH HPASMC. Moreover, inhibition via Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib or siRNAs targeting Wee1, Myt1, CDC25A, CDC25B, or CDC25C led to dramatic decreases in CDC2 protein expression. Lastly, we found CDC2 expression at the RNA and protein level to be upregulated in pulmonary arteries during disease progression Sugen/hypoxia rats. In sum, our present results illustrate that the increased expression of FOXM1 and PLK1 in PAH leads directly to increased expression of CDC2 resulting in potentiated growth hyperactivity of PASMC from patients with pulmonary hypertension. Our results further suggest that the regulation of CDC2, or associated regulatory proteins, will prove beneficial in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Pal-Ghosh
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Danfeng Xue
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rod Warburton
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Nicholas Hill
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Polgar
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Jamie L. Wilson
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.P.-G.); (D.X.); (R.W.); (N.H.); (P.P.)
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Hsieh MC, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Lin CC, Ho HY, Hsieh MJ, Lin JT. Dehydrocrenatidine extracted from Picrasma quassioides induces the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the JNK and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:166. [PMID: 34165177 PMCID: PMC8218301 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an indicator disease in Asia due to its unique geographical and ethnic distribution. Dehydrocrenatidine (DC) is a β-carboline alkaloid abundantly present in Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn, a deciduous shrub or small tree native to temperate regions of southern Asia, and β-carboline alkaloids play anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative roles in various cancers. However, the mechanism and function of DC in human NPC cells remain only partially explored. The present study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity and biochemical role of DC in human NPC cells. The MTT method, cell cycle analysis, DAPI determination, Annexin V/PI double staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential examination were performed to evaluate the effects of DC treatment on human NPC cell lines. In addition, western blotting analysis was used to explore the effect of DC on apoptosis and signaling pathways in related proteins. The analysis results confirmed that DC significantly reduced the viability of NPC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis through internal and external apoptotic pathways (including cell cycle arrest, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and activated death receptors). Western blot analysis illustrated that DC's effect on related proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can induce apoptosis by enhancing ERK phosphorylation and inhibiting Janus kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Notably, DC induced apoptosis by affecting the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and DC and inhibitors (SP600125 and U0126) in combination restored the overexpression of p-JNK and p-ERK. To date, this is the first study to confirm the apoptosis pathway induced by DC phosphorylation of p-JNK and p-REK in human NPC. On the basis of evidence obtained from this study, DC targeting the inhibition of NPC cell lines may be a promising future strategy for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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The study of the determinants controlling Arpp19 phosphatase-inhibitory activity reveals an Arpp19/PP2A-B55 feedback loop. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3565. [PMID: 34117214 PMCID: PMC8196004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arpp19 is a potent PP2A-B55 inhibitor that regulates this phosphatase to ensure the stable phosphorylation of mitotic/meiotic substrates. At G2-M, Arpp19 is phosphorylated by the Greatwall kinase on S67. This phosphorylated Arpp19 form displays a high affinity to PP2A-B55 and a slow dephosphorylation rate, acting as a competitor of PP2A-B55 substrates. The molecular determinants conferring slow dephosphorylation kinetics to S67 are unknown. PKA also phosphorylates Arpp19. This phosphorylation performed on S109 is essential to maintain prophase I-arrest in Xenopus oocytes although the underlying signalling mechanism is elusive. Here, we characterize the molecular determinants conferring high affinity and slow dephosphorylation to S67 and controlling PP2A-B55 inhibitory activity of Arpp19. Moreover, we show that phospho-S109 restricts S67 phosphorylation by increasing its catalysis by PP2A-B55. Finally, we discover a double feed-back loop between these two phospho-sites essential to coordinate the temporal pattern of Arpp19-dependent PP2A-B55 inhibition and Cyclin B/Cdk1 activation during cell division. Progression of the cell division cycle requires feedback loops including those of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; however the precise regulation of phosphorylation kinetics of Arpp19, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, is unclear. Here, the authors report that feedback between phosphorylation states of Ser67 and Ser109 of Arpp19 coordinates Arpp19-dependent inhibition of PP2A-B55 and Cyclin B activation during cell cycle progression.
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Aquino Perez C, Burocziova M, Jenikova G, Macurek L. CK1-mediated phosphorylation of FAM110A promotes its interaction with mitotic spindle and controls chromosomal alignment. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51847. [PMID: 34080749 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases that control gene expression, orchestration of mitotic spindle, and cell division. To identify new regulators of the cell cycle, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human non-transformed cells expressing a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator and identified 701 transcripts differentially expressed in G1 and G2 cells. Family with sequence similarity 110 member A (FAM110A) protein is highly expressed in G2 cells and localized at mitotic spindle and spindle poles during mitosis. Depletion of FAM110A impairs chromosomal alignment, delays metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and affects spindle positioning. Using mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation, we identified casein kinase I (CK1) in complex with FAM110A during mitosis. CK1 phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of FAM110A in vitro, and inhibition of CK1 reduces phosphorylation of mitotic FAM110A. Wild-type FAM110A, but not the FAM110A-S252-S255A mutant deficient in CK1 phosphorylation, rescues the chromosomal alignment, duration of mitosis, and orientation of the mitotic spindle after depletion of endogenous FAM110A. We propose that CK1 regulates chromosomal alignment by phosphorylating FAM110A and promoting its interaction with mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aquino Perez
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Jenikova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Kelso S, Orlicky S, Beenstock J, Ceccarelli DF, Kurinov I, Gish G, Sicheri F. Bipartite binding of the N terminus of Skp2 to cyclin A. Structure 2021; 29:975-988.e5. [PMID: 33989513 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skp2 and cyclin A are cell-cycle regulators that control the activity of CDK2. Cyclin A acts as an activator and substrate recruitment factor of CDK2, while Skp2 mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent destruction of the CDK inhibitor protein p27. The N terminus of Skp2 can interact directly with cyclin A but is not required for p27 ubiquitination. To gain insight into this poorly understood interaction, we have solved the 3.2 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N terminus of Skp2 bound to cyclin A. The structure reveals a bipartite mode of interaction with two motifs in Skp2 recognizing two discrete surfaces on cyclin A. The uncovered binding mechanism allows for a rationalization of the inhibitory effect of Skp2 on CDK2-cyclin A kinase activity toward the RxL motif containing substrates and raises the possibility that other intermolecular regulators and substrates may use similar non-canonical modes of interaction for cyclin targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kelso
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephen Orlicky
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jonah Beenstock
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Derek F Ceccarelli
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NE-CAT, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Gerald Gish
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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41
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Lockhead S, Moskaleva A, Kamenz J, Chen Y, Kang M, Reddy AR, Santos SDM, Ferrell JE. The Apparent Requirement for Protein Synthesis during G2 Phase Is due to Checkpoint Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107901. [PMID: 32668239 PMCID: PMC7802425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis inhibitors (e.g., cycloheximide) block mitotic entry, suggesting that cell cycle progression requires protein synthesis until right before mitosis. However, cycloheximide is also known to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can delay mitotic entry through a G2/M checkpoint. Here, we ask whether checkpoint activation or a requirement for protein synthesis is responsible for the cycloheximide effect. We find that p38 inhibitors prevent cycloheximide-treated cells from arresting in G2 phase and that G2 duration is normal in approximately half of these cells. The Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 and Wee1/Myt1 inhibitor PD0166285 also prevent cycloheximide from blocking mitotic entry, raising the possibility that Wee1 and/or Myt1 mediate the cycloheximide-induced G2 arrest. Thus, protein synthesis during G2 phase is not required for mitotic entry, at least when the p38 checkpoint pathway is abrogated. However, M phase progression is delayed in cycloheximide-plus-kinase-inhibitor-treated cells, emphasizing the different requirements of protein synthesis for timely entry and completion of mitosis. Protein synthesis inhibitors have long been known to prevent G2 phase cells from entering mitosis. Lockhead et al. demonstrate that this G2 arrest is due to the activation of p38 MAPK, not insufficient protein synthesis, arguing that protein synthesis in G2 phase is not absolutely required for mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lockhead
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Alisa Moskaleva
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Julia Kamenz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Anay R Reddy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silvia D M Santos
- Quantitative Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
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42
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Tavernier N, Thomas Y, Vigneron S, Maisonneuve P, Orlicky S, Mader P, Regmi SG, Van Hove L, Levinson NM, Gasmi-Seabrook G, Joly N, Poteau M, Velez-Aguilera G, Gavet O, Castro A, Dasso M, Lorca T, Sicheri F, Pintard L. Bora phosphorylation substitutes in trans for T-loop phosphorylation in Aurora A to promote mitotic entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1899. [PMID: 33771996 PMCID: PMC7997955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is instrumental for mitotic entry and progression. Plk1 is activated by phosphorylation on a conserved residue Thr210 in its activation segment by the Aurora A kinase (AURKA), a reaction that critically requires the co-factor Bora phosphorylated by a CyclinA/B-Cdk1 kinase. Here we show that phospho-Bora is a direct activator of AURKA kinase activity. We localize the key determinants of phospho-Bora function to a 100 amino acid region encompassing two short Tpx2-like motifs and a phosphoSerine-Proline motif at Serine 112, through which Bora binds AURKA. The latter substitutes in trans for the Thr288 phospho-regulatory site of AURKA, which is essential for an active conformation of the kinase domain. We demonstrate the importance of these determinants for Bora function in mitotic entry both in Xenopus egg extracts and in human cells. Our findings unveil the activation mechanism of AURKA that is critical for mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tavernier
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Thomas
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - S Vigneron
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - P Maisonneuve
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Orlicky
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Mader
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S G Regmi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Van Hove
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - N M Levinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G Gasmi-Seabrook
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Joly
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Poteau
- Institut Gustave Roussy CNRS UMR9019, Villejuif, France
| | - G Velez-Aguilera
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - O Gavet
- Institut Gustave Roussy CNRS UMR9019, Villejuif, France
| | - A Castro
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - M Dasso
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Lorca
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - F Sicheri
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - L Pintard
- Programme équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France.
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Silva Cascales H, Burdova K, Middleton A, Kuzin V, Müllers E, Stoy H, Baranello L, Macurek L, Lindqvist A. Cyclin A2 localises in the cytoplasm at the S/G2 transition to activate PLK1. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000980. [PMID: 33402344 PMCID: PMC7812317 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is a key regulator of the cell cycle, implicated both in DNA replication and mitotic entry. Cyclin A2 participates in feedback loops that activate mitotic kinases in G2 phase, but why active Cyclin A2-CDK2 during the S phase does not trigger mitotic kinase activation remains unclear. Here, we describe a change in localisation of Cyclin A2 from being only nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic at the S/G2 border. We find that Cyclin A2-CDK2 can activate the mitotic kinase PLK1 through phosphorylation of Bora, and that only cytoplasmic Cyclin A2 interacts with Bora and PLK1. Expression of predominately cytoplasmic Cyclin A2 or phospho-mimicking PLK1 T210D can partially rescue a G2 arrest caused by Cyclin A2 depletion. Cytoplasmic presence of Cyclin A2 is restricted by p21, in particular after DNA damage. Cyclin A2 chromatin association during DNA replication and additional mechanisms contribute to Cyclin A2 localisation change in the G2 phase. We find no evidence that such mechanisms involve G2 feedback loops and suggest that cytoplasmic appearance of Cyclin A2 at the S/G2 transition functions as a trigger for mitotic kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Middleton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladislav Kuzin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Müllers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henriette Stoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Baranello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Lindqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Berenguer J, Celià-Terrassa T. Cell memory of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:103-110. [PMID: 33578288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental biological processes of cell identity and cell fate determination are controlled by complex regulatory networks. These processes require molecular mechanisms that confer cellular phenotypic memory and state persistence. In this minireview, we will summarize mechanisms of cell memory based on regulatory hysteretic feedback loops and explore epigenetic mechanisms widely represented in nature, with special focus on epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. We will also discuss the functional consequences of cell memory and epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity dynamics during development and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Berenguer
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Mechanisms of signalling-memory governing progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:7-16. [PMID: 33412443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As cells pass through each replication-division cycle, they must be able to postpone further progression if they detect any threats to genome integrity, such as DNA damage or misaligned chromosomes. Once a 'decision' is made to proceed, the cell unequivocally enters into a qualitatively different biochemical state, which makes the transitions from one cell cycle phase to the next switch-like and irreversible. Each transition is governed by a unique signalling network; nonetheless, they share a common characteristic of bistable behaviour, a hallmark of molecular memory devices. Comparing the cell cycle signalling mechanisms acting at the restriction point, G1/S, G2/M and meta-to-anaphase transitions, we deduce a generic network motif of coupled positive and negative feedback loops underlying each transition.
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46
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Li Z, Lin Y, Cheng B, Zhang Q, Cai Y. Identification and Analysis of Potential Key Genes Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Methods. Front Genet 2021; 12:571231. [PMID: 33767726 PMCID: PMC7985067 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.571231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of primary liver tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality, and its molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to use bioinformatics technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC pathogenesis, hoping to identify novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for HCC research. METHODS The bioinformatics analysis of our research mostly involved the following two datasets: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). First, we screened DEGs based on the R packages (limma and edgeR). Using the DAVID database, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were carried out. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was built in the STRING database. Then, hub genes were screened through the cytoHubba plug-in, followed by verification using the GEPIA and Oncomine databases. We demonstrated differences in levels of the protein in hub genes using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Finally, the hub genes prognostic values were analyzed by the GEPIA database. Additionally, using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), we constructed the drug-gene interaction network. RESULTS We ended up with 763 DEGs, including 247 upregulated and 516 downregulated DEGs, that were mainly enriched in the epoxygenase P450 pathway, oxidation-reduction process, and metabolism-related pathways. Through the constructed PPI network, it can be concluded that the P53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle are the most obvious in module analysis. From the PPI, we filtered out eight hub genes, and these genes were significantly upregulated in HCC samples, findings consistent with the expression validation results. Additionally, survival analysis showed that high level gene expression of CDC20, CDK1, MAD2L1, BUB1, BUB1B, CCNB1, and CCNA2 were connected with the poor overall survival of HCC patients. Toxicogenomics analysis showed that only topotecan, oxaliplatin, and azathioprine could reduce the gene expression levels of all seven hub genes. CONCLUSION The present study screened out the key genes and pathways that were related to HCC pathogenesis, which could provide new insight for the future molecularly targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingmu Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingmu Cai,
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47
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Kamenz J, Gelens L, Ferrell JE. Bistable, Biphasic Regulation of PP2A-B55 Accounts for the Dynamics of Mitotic Substrate Phosphorylation. Curr Biol 2020; 31:794-808.e6. [PMID: 33357450 PMCID: PMC7904671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of mitotic proteins is bistable, which contributes to the decisiveness of the transitions into and out of M phase. The bistability in substrate phosphorylation has been attributed to bistability in the activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. However, more recently it has been suggested that bistability also arises from positive feedback in the regulation of the Cdk1-counteracting phosphatase PP2A-B55. Here, we demonstrate biochemically using Xenopus laevis egg extracts that the Cdk1-counter-acting phosphatase PP2A-B55 functions as a bistable switch, even when the bistability of Cdk1 activation is suppressed. In addition, Cdk1 regulates PP2A-B55 in a biphasic manner; low concentrations of Cdk1 activate PP2A-B55 and high concentrations inactivate it. As a consequence of this incoherent feedforward regulation, PP2A-B55 activity rises concurrently with Cdk1 activity during interphase and suppresses substrate phosphorylation. PP2A-B55 activity is then sharply downregulated at the onset of mitosis. During mitotic exit, Cdk1 activity initially falls with no obvious change in substrate phosphorylation; dephosphorylation then commences once PP2A-B55 spikes in activity. These findings suggest that changes in Cdk1 activity are permissive for mitotic entry and exit but that the changes in PP2A-B55 activity are the ultimate trigger. Mitotic transitions are accompanied by drastic changes in the phosphorylation state of proteins. Kamenz et al. demonstrate biochemically that the major mitotic phosphatase PP2A-B55 is regulated by incoherent feedforward and double-negative feedback loops to promote rapid and switch-like mitotic entry and exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamenz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
| | - Lendert Gelens
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA; Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
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48
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Dang F, Nie L, Wei W. Ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:427-438. [PMID: 33130827 PMCID: PMC7862229 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is a tightly regulated process by which DNA replicates and cell reproduces. The major driving force underlying cell cycle progression is the sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which is achieved in part by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of their cyclin partners and kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In eukaryotic cells, two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex, are responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of many of these CDK regulators, ensuring cell cycle progresses in a timely and precisely regulated manner. In the past couple of decades, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that the dysregulated cell cycle transition caused by inefficient proteolytic control leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally results in tumorigenesis. Based upon this notion, targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle regulation is expected to provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation will shed new light on the precise control of the cell cycle progression and guide anticancer drug development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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49
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Du X, Li J, Luo X, Li R, Li F, Zhang Y, Shi J, He J. Structure-activity relationships of Wee1 inhibitors: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112524. [PMID: 32688199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wee1 kinase plays an important role in regulating G2/M checkpoint and S phase, and the inhibition of it will lead to mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells with p53 mutation or deletion. Therefore, the mechanism of Wee1 kinase in cancer treatment and the development of its inhibitors have become a research hotspot. However, although a variety of Wee1 inhibitors with different scaffolds and considerable activity have been successfully identified, so far no one has systematically summarized the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of Wee1 inhibitors. Previous reviews mainly focused on its mechanism and clinical application. To facilitate the rational design and development of Wee1 inhibitors in the future, this paper systematically summarizes its structural types, SARs and binding modes according to the Wee1 inhibitors reported in scientific journals, and also summarizes the regulatory effect of Wee1 kinase on cell cycle and the progress of its inhibitors in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yang QY, Cao QQ, Zhang YL, Xu XF, Deng CX, Kumar R, Zhu XM, Wang XJ, Liang H, Chen ZF. Synthesis, structural characterization and antitumor activity of six rare earth metal complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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