1
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Saldivia N, Heller G, Zelada D, Whitehair J, Venkat N, Konjeti A, Savitzky R, Samano S, Simchuk D, van Breemen R, Givogri MI, Bongarzone ER. Deficiency of galactosyl-ceramidase in adult oligodendrocytes worsens disease severity during chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol Ther 2024; 32:3163-3176. [PMID: 38937968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Galactosyl-ceramidase (GALC) is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme crucial for the correct myelination of the mammalian nervous system during early postnatal development. However, the physiological consequence of GALC deficiency in the adult brain remains unknown. In this study, we found that mice with conditional ablation of GALC activity in post-myelinating oligodendrocytes were lethally sensitized when challenged with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), in contrast with the non-lethal dysmyelination observed in Galc-ablated mice without the EAE challenge. Mechanistically, we found strong inflammatory demyelination without remyelination and an impaired fusion of lysosomes and autophagosomes with accumulation of myelin debris after a transcription factor EB-dependent increase in the lysosomal autophagosome flux. These results indicate that the physiological impact of GALC deficiency is highly influenced by the cell context (oligodendroglial vs. global expression), the presence of inflammation, and the developmental time when it happens (pre-myelination vs. post-myelination). We conclude that Galc expression in adult oligodendrocytes is crucial for the maintenance of adult central myelin and to decrease vulnerability to additional demyelinating insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Saldivia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Gregory Heller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego Zelada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Whitehair
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikhil Venkat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashna Konjeti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reina Savitzky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shayla Samano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Simchuk
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Patel AA, Kim H, Ramesh R, Marquez A, Faraj MM, Antikainen H, Lee AS, Torres A, Khawaja IM, Heffernan C, Bonder EM, Maurel P, Svaren J, Son YJ, Dobrowolski R, Kim HA. TFEB/3 Govern Repair Schwann Cell Generation and Function Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0198242024. [PMID: 39054068 PMCID: PMC11358533 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0198-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
TFEB and TFE3 (TFEB/3), key regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, play diverse roles depending on cell type. This study highlights a hitherto unrecognized role of TFEB/3 crucial for peripheral nerve repair. Specifically, they promote the generation of progenitor-like repair Schwann cells after axonal injury. In Schwann cell-specific TFEB/3 double knock-out mice of either sex, the TFEB/3 loss disrupts the transcriptomic reprogramming that is essential for the formation of repair Schwann cells. Consequently, mutant mice fail to populate the injured nerve with repair Schwann cells and exhibit defects in axon regrowth, target reinnervation, and functional recovery. TFEB/3 deficiency inhibits the expression of injury-responsive repair Schwann cell genes, despite the continued expression of c-jun, a previously identified regulator of repair Schwann cell function. TFEB/3 binding motifs are enriched in the enhancer regions of injury-responsive genes, suggesting their role in repair gene activation. Autophagy-dependent myelin breakdown is not impaired despite TFEB/3 deficiency. These findings underscore a unique role of TFEB/3 in adult Schwann cells that is required for proper peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash A Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Neural Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Raghu Ramesh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Anthony Marquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Moler M Faraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Henri Antikainen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Andrew S Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Adriana Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Imran M Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Patrice Maurel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Neural Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Haesun A Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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3
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Duan J, Huang Z, Qin S, Li B, Zhang Z, Liu R, Wang K, Nice EC, Jiang J, Huang C. Oxidative stress induces extracellular vesicle release by upregulation of HEXB to facilitate tumour growth in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12468. [PMID: 38944674 PMCID: PMC11214608 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in triggering tumour-aggressive behaviours. However, the energetic process by which tumour cells produce EVs remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) in mediating EV release in response to oxidative stress, thereby promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), leading to the upregulation of both HEXB and its antisense lncRNA HEXB-AS. HEXB-AS can bind HEXB to form a protein/RNA complex, which elevates the protein stability of HEXB. The stabilized HEXB interacts with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), disrupting lysosome-multivesicular body (MVB) fusion, which protects EVs from degradation. Knockdown of HEXB efficiently inhibits EV release and curbs HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeting HEXB by M-31850 significantly inhibits HCC growth, especially when combined with GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome release. Our results underscore the critical role of HEXB as a modulator that promotes EV release during HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
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4
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Yang YL, Zeng WH, Peng Y, Zuo SY, Fu YQ, Xiao YM, Huang WL, Wen ZY, Hu W, Yang YY, Huang XF. Characterization of three lamp genes from largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides): molecular cloning, expression patterns, and their transcriptional levels in response to fast and refeeding strategy. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386413. [PMID: 38645688 PMCID: PMC11026864 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs), a family of glycosylated proteins and major constituents of the lysosomal membranes, play a dominant role in various cellular processes, including phagocytosis, autophagy and immunity in mammals. However, their roles in aquatic species remain poorly known. In the present study, three lamp genes were cloned and characterized from Micropterus salmoides. Subsequently, their transcriptional levels in response to different nutritional status were investigated. The full-length coding sequences of lamp1, lamp2 and lamp3 were 1251bp, 1224bp and 771bp, encoding 416, 407 and 256 amino acids, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment showed that LAMP1-3 were highly conserved among the different fish species, respectively. 3-D structure prediction, genomic survey, and phylogenetic analysis were further confirmed that these genes are widely existed in vertebrates. The mRNA expression of the three genes was ubiquitously expressed in all selected tissues, including liver, brain, gill, heart, muscle, spleen, kidney, stomach, adipose and intestine, lamp1 shows highly transcript levels in brain and muscle, lamp2 displays highly expression level in heart, muscle and spleen, but lamp3 shows highly transcript level in spleen, liver and kidney. To analyze the function of the three genes under starvation stress in largemouth bass, three experimental treatment groups (fasted group and refeeding group, control group) were established in the current study. The results indicated that the expression of lamp1 was significant induced after starvation, and then returned to normal levels after refeeding in the liver. The expression of lamp2 and lamp3 exhibited the same trend in the liver. In addition, in the spleen and the kidney, the transcript level of lamp1 and lamp2 was remarkably increased in the fasted treatment group and slightly decreased in the refed treatment group, respectively. Collectively, our findings suggest that three lamp genes may have differential function in the immune and energetic organism in largemouth bass, which is helpful in understanding roles of lamps in aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wan-Hong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qi Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wen-Li Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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5
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Hill RA, Nishiyama A, Hughes EG. Features, Fates, and Functions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041425. [PMID: 38052500 PMCID: PMC10910408 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a central nervous system resident population of glia with a distinct molecular identity and an ever-increasing list of functions. OPCs generate oligodendrocytes throughout development and across the life span in most regions of the brain and spinal cord. This process involves a complex coordination of molecular checkpoints and biophysical cues from the environment that initiate the differentiation and integration of new oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin sheaths on axons. Outside of their progenitor role, OPCs have been proposed to play other functions including the modulation of axonal and synaptic development and the participation in bidirectional signaling with neurons and other glia. Here, we review OPC identity and known functions and discuss recent findings implying other roles for these glial cells in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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6
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Bouchard EL, Meireles AM, Talbot WS. Oligodendrocyte development and myelin sheath formation are regulated by the antagonistic interaction between the Rag-Ragulator complex and TFEB. Glia 2024; 72:289-299. [PMID: 37767930 PMCID: PMC10841052 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes is critical for fast axonal conduction and for the support and survival of neurons in the central nervous system. Recent studies have emphasized that myelination is plastic and that new myelin is formed throughout life. Nonetheless, the mechanisms that regulate the number, length, and location of myelin sheaths formed by individual oligodendrocytes are incompletely understood. Previous work showed that the lysosomal transcription factor TFEB represses myelination by oligodendrocytes and that the RagA GTPase inhibits TFEB, but the step or steps of myelination in which TFEB plays a role have remained unclear. Here, we show that TFEB regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and also controls the length of myelin sheaths formed by individual oligodendrocytes. In the dorsal spinal cord of tfeb mutants, individual oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths that are longer than those produced by wildtype cells. Transmission electron microscopy shows that there are more myelinated axons in the dorsal spinal cord of tfeb mutants than in wildtype animals, but no significant change in axon diameter. In contrast to tfeb mutants, oligodendrocytes in rraga mutants produce shorter myelin sheaths. The sheath length in rraga; tfeb double mutants is not significantly different from wildtype, consistent with the antagonistic interaction between RagA and TFEB. Finally, we find that the GTPase activating protein Flcn and the RagCa and RagCb GTPases are also necessary for myelination by oligodendrocytes. These findings demonstrate that TFEB coordinates myelin sheath length and number during myelin formation in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Bouchard
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ana M. Meireles
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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7
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Shao J, Lang Y, Ding M, Yin X, Cui L. Transcription Factor EB: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:170-190. [PMID: 37491856 PMCID: PMC10788889 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230724095558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is an important endogenous defensive protein that responds to ischemic stimuli. Acute ischemic stroke is a growing concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Most survivors suffer from disabilities such as numbness or weakness in an arm or leg, facial droop, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, impaired balance or coordination, or loss of vision. Although TFEB plays a neuroprotective role, its potential effect on ischemic stroke remains unclear. This article describes the basic structure, regulation of transcriptional activity, and biological roles of TFEB relevant to ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explore the effects of TFEB on the various pathological processes underlying ischemic stroke and current therapeutic approaches. The information compiled here may inform clinical and basic studies on TFEB, which may be an effective therapeutic drug target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manqiu Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Festa LK, Grinspan JB, Jordan-Sciutto KL. White matter injury across neurodegenerative disease. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:47-57. [PMID: 38052682 PMCID: PMC10842057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-generating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are active players in shaping neuronal circuitry and function. It has become increasingly apparent that injury to cells within the OL lineage plays a central role in neurodegeneration. In this review, we focus primarily on three degenerative disorders in which white matter loss is well documented: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We discuss clinical data implicating white matter injury as a key feature of these disorders, as well as shared and divergent phenotypes between them. We examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the alterations to OLs, including chronic neuroinflammation, aggregation of proteins, lipid dysregulation, and organellar stress. Last, we highlight prospects for therapeutic intervention targeting the OL lineage to restore function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Festa
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Brase L, You SF, D'Oliveira Albanus R, Del-Aguila JL, Dai Y, Novotny BC, Soriano-Tarraga C, Dykstra T, Fernandez MV, Budde JP, Bergmann K, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Perrin RJ, McDade E, Xiong C, Goate AM, Farlow M, Sutherland GT, Kipnis J, Karch CM, Benitez BA, Harari O. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and risk variant carriers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2314. [PMID: 37085492 PMCID: PMC10121712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) have prioritized variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. However, the cell-specific effect of variants in these genes is not fully understood. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the parietal cortex of AD autosomal dominant (APP and PSEN1) and risk-modifying variant (APOE, TREM2 and MS4A) carriers. Within individual cell types, we capture genes commonly dysregulated across variant groups. However, specific transcriptional states are more prevalent within variant carriers. TREM2 oligodendrocytes show a dysregulated autophagy-lysosomal pathway, MS4A microglia have dysregulated complement cascade genes, and APOEε4 inhibitory neurons display signs of ferroptosis. All cell types have enriched states in autosomal dominant carriers. We leverage differential expression and single-nucleus ATAC-seq to map GWAS signals to effector cell types including the NCK2 signal to neurons in addition to the initially proposed microglia. Overall, our results provide insights into the transcriptional diversity resulting from AD genetic architecture and cellular heterogeneity. The data can be explored on the online browser ( http://web.hararilab.org/SNARE/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Brase
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yaoyi Dai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenna C Novotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Soriano-Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Yang Z, Yu Z, Xiao B. Coordinated Regulation of Myelination by Growth Factor and Amino-acid Signaling Pathways. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:453-465. [PMID: 36352321 PMCID: PMC10043148 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential for structural and functional homeostasis of nervous tissue. Albeit with certain similarities, the regulation of CNS and PNS myelination is executed differently. Recent advances highlight the coordinated regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination by amino-acid sensing and growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss novel insights into the understanding of differential regulation of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell biology in CNS and PNS myelination, with particular focus on the roles of growth factor-stimulated RHEB-mTORC1 and GATOR2-mediated amino-acid sensing/signaling pathways. We also discuss recent progress on the metabolic regulation of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and the impact of their dysfunction on neuronal function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zongyan Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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11
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Luquez T, Gaur P, Kosater IM, Lam M, Lee DI, Mares J, Paryani F, Yadav A, Menon V. Cell type-specific changes identified by single-cell transcriptomics in Alzheimer's disease. Genome Med 2022; 14:136. [PMID: 36447241 PMCID: PMC9710120 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of single-cell transcriptomics in neurology has allowed for profiling of post-mortem human brain tissue across multiple diseases. Over the past 3 years, several studies have examined tissue from donors with and without diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting key changes in cell type composition and molecular signatures associated with pathology and, in some cases, cognitive decline. Although all of these studies have generated single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq or ATAC-seq data from the full array of major cell classes in the brain, they have each focused on changes in specific cell types. Here, we synthesize the main findings from these studies and contextualize them in the overall space of large-scale omics studies of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we touch upon new horizons in the field, in particular advancements in high-resolution spatial interrogation of tissue and multi-modal efforts-and how they are likely to further advance mechanistic and target-selection studies on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tain Luquez
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pallavi Gaur
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy M Kosater
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matti Lam
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dylan I Lee
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Mares
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fahad Paryani
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Archana Yadav
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational & Computational Immunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Ral GTPases are critical regulators of spinal cord myelination and homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111413. [PMID: 36170840 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient myelination supports nerve conduction and axonal health throughout life. In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes (OLs) carry out this demanding anabolic duty in part through biosynthetic pathways controlled by mTOR. We identify Ral GTPases as critical regulators of mouse spinal cord myelination and myelin maintenance. Ablation of Ral GTPases (RalA, RalB) in OL-lineage cells impairs timely onset and radial growth of developmental myelination, accompanied by increased endosomal/lysosomal abundance. Further examinations, including transcriptomic analyses of Ral-deficient OLs, were consistent with mTORC1-related deficits. However, deletion of the mTOR signaling-repressor Pten in Ral-deficient OL-lineage cells is unable to rescue mTORC1 activation or developmental myelination deficiencies. Induced deletion of Ral GTPases in OLs of adult mice results in late-onset myelination defects and tissue degeneration. Together, our data indicate critical roles for Ral GTPases to promote developmental spinal cord myelination, to ensure accurate mTORC1 signaling, and to protect the healthy state of myelin-axon units over time.
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13
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Iyer H, Shen K, Meireles AM, Talbot WS. A lysosomal regulatory circuit essential for the development and function of microglia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8321. [PMID: 36044568 PMCID: PMC9432849 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the primary phagocytic cells of the central nervous system, microglia exquisitely regulate their lysosomal activity to facilitate brain development and homeostasis. However, mechanisms that coordinate lysosomal activity with microglia development, chemotaxis, and function remain unclear. Here, we show that embryonic macrophages require the lysosomal guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RagA and the GTPase-activating protein Folliculin to colonize the brain in zebrafish. We demonstrate that embryonic macrophages in rraga mutants show increased expression of lysosomal genes but display significant down-regulation of immune- and chemotaxis-related genes. Furthermore, we find that RagA and Folliculin repress the key lysosomal transcription factor Tfeb and its homologs Tfe3a and Tfe3b in the macrophage lineage. Using RNA sequencing, we establish that Tfeb and Tfe3 are required for activation of lysosomal target genes under conditions of stress but not for basal expression of lysosomal pathways. Collectively, our data define a lysosomal regulatory circuit essential for macrophage development and function in vivo.
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14
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Agostini F, Agostinis R, Medina DL, Bisaglia M, Greggio E, Plotegher N. The Regulation of MiTF/TFE Transcription Factors Across Model Organisms: from Brain Physiology to Implication for Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5000-5023. [PMID: 35665902 PMCID: PMC9363479 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiTF/TFE) transcription factors are responsible for the regulation of various key processes for the maintenance of brain function, including autophagy-lysosomal pathway, lipid catabolism, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Among them, autophagy is one of the most relevant pathways in this frame; it is evolutionary conserved and crucial for cellular homeostasis. The dysregulation of MiTF/TFE proteins was shown to be involved in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the characterization of their function is key in the understanding of the etiology of these diseases, with the potential to develop novel therapeutics targeted to MiTF/TFE proteins and to the autophagic process. The fact that these proteins are evolutionary conserved suggests that their function and dysfunction can be investigated in model organisms with a simpler nervous system than the mammalian one. Building not only on studies in mammalian models but also in complementary model organisms, in this review we discuss (1) the mechanistic regulation of MiTF/TFE transcription factors; (2) their roles in different regions of the central nervous system, in different cell types, and their involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders; (3) the overlap and the compensation that occur among the different members of the family; (4) the importance of the evolutionary conservation of these protein and the process they regulate, which allows their study in different model organisms; and (5) their possible role as therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Agostinis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale SSM, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational, Science, II University, Naples, Federico, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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15
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Gao Y, Hu B, Flores R, Xie H, Lin F. Fibronectin and Integrin α5 play overlapping and independent roles in regulating the development of pharyngeal endoderm and cartilage. Dev Biol 2022; 489:122-133. [PMID: 35732225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial skeletal elements are derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), which migrate along discrete paths and populate distinct pharyngeal arches, structures that are separated by the neighboring endodermal pouches (EPs). Interactions between the CNCCs and the endoderm are critical for proper craniofacial development. In zebrafish, integrin α5 (Itga5) functions in the endoderm to regulate formation of specifically the first EP (EP1) and the development of the hyoid cartilage. Here we show that fibronectin (Fn), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is also required for these developmental processes, and that the penetrance of defects in mutants is temperature-dependent. fn1a-/- embryos exhibited defects that are similar to, but much more severe than, those of itga5-/- embryos, and a loss of integrin av (itgav) function enhanced both endoderm and cartilage defects in itga5-/- embryos, suggesting that Itga5 and Itgav cooperate to transmit signals from Fn to regulate the development of endoderm and cartilage. Whereas the endodermal defects in itga5; itga5v-/- double mutant embryos were comparable to those of fn1a-/- mutants, the cartilage defects were much milder. Furthermore, Fn assembly was detected in migrating CNCCs, and the epithelial organization and differentiation of CNCC-derived arches were impaired in fn1a-/- embryos, indicating that Fn1 exerts functions in arch development that are independent of Itga5 and Itgav. Additionally, reduction of itga5 function in fn1a-/- embryos led to profound defects in body axis elongation, as well as in endoderm and cartilage formation, suggesting that other ECM proteins signal through Itga5 to regulate development of the endoderm and cartilage. Thus, our studies reveal that Fn1a and Itga5 have both overlapping and independent functions in regulating development of the pharyngeal endoderm and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rickcardo Flores
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Huaping Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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16
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Nowosad A, Besson A. Lysosomes at the Crossroads of Cell Metabolism, Cell Cycle, and Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042290. [PMID: 35216401 PMCID: PMC8879101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially described as lytic bodies due to their degradative and recycling functions, lysosomes play a critical role in metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability. More recently, the contribution of lysosomal proteins to cell signaling has been established, and lysosomes have emerged as signaling hubs that regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell fate. Deciphering these signaling pathways has revealed an extensive crosstalk between the lysosomal and cell cycle machineries that is only beginning to be understood. Recent studies also indicate that a number of lysosomal proteins are involved in the regulation of embryonic and adult stem cell fate and identity. In this review, we will focus on the role of the lysosome as a signaling platform with an emphasis on its function in integrating nutrient sensing with proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as in stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Nowosad
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-561558486
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17
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Yu Z, Yang Z, Ren G, Wang Y, Luo X, Zhu F, Yu S, Jia L, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. GATOR2 complex-mediated amino acid signaling regulates brain myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110917119. [PMID: 35022234 PMCID: PMC8784133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110917119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways coordinately regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase in cell growth and organ development. While major components of amino acid signaling mechanisms have been identified, their biological functions in organ development are unclear. We aimed to understand the functions of the critically positioned amino acid signaling complex GAP activity towards Rags 2 (GATOR2) in brain development. GATOR2 mediates amino acid signaling to mTORC1 by directly linking the amino acid sensors for arginine and leucine to downstream signaling complexes. Now, we report a role of GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte myelination in postnatal brain development. We show that the disruption of GATOR2 complex by genetic deletion of meiosis regulator for oocyte development (Mios, encoding a component of GATOR2) selectively impairs the formation of myelinating oligodendrocytes, thus brain myelination, without apparent effects on the formation of neurons and astrocytes. The loss of Mios impairs cell cycle progression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, leading to their reduced proliferation and differentiation. Mios deletion manifests a cell type-dependent effect on mTORC1 in the brain, with oligodendroglial mTORC1 selectively affected. However, the role of Mios/GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte formation and myelination involves mTORC1-independent function. This study suggests that GATOR2 coordinates amino acid and growth factor signaling to regulate oligodendrocyte myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bo Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Neely SA, Lyons DA. Insights Into Central Nervous System Glial Cell Formation and Function From Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754606. [PMID: 34912801 PMCID: PMC8666443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term glia describes a heterogenous collection of distinct cell types that make up a large proportion of our nervous system. Although once considered the glue of the nervous system, the study of glial cells has evolved significantly in recent years, with a large body of literature now highlighting their complex and diverse roles in development and throughout life. This progress is due, in part, to advances in animal models in which the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial cell development and function as well as neuron-glial cell interactions can be directly studied in vivo in real time, in intact neural circuits. In this review we highlight the instrumental role that zebrafish have played as a vertebrate model system for the study of glial cells, and discuss how the experimental advantages of the zebrafish lend themselves to investigate glial cell interactions and diversity. We focus in particular on recent studies that have provided insight into the formation and function of the major glial cell types in the central nervous system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neely
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Jo YR, Kim HR, Jang SY, Go H, Song MY, Park DK, Oh Y, Jo J, Shin YK, Lee SJ, Cheon SM, Lee HK, Lee KE, Kim YH, Park HT. Potential neuron-autonomous Purkinje cell degeneration by 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase promoter/Cre-mediated autophagy impairments. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21225. [PMID: 33337568 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001366rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of neuroglial interaction largely depend on cell-specific gene knockout (KO) experiments using Cre recombinase. However, genes known as glial-specific genes have recently been reported to be expressed in neuroglial stem cells, leading to the possibility that a glia-specific Cre driver results in unwanted gene deletion in neurons, which may affect sound interpretation. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) is generally considered to be an oligodendrocyte (OL) marker. Accordingly, Cnp promoter-controlled Cre recombinase has been used to create OL-specific gene targeting mice. However, in this study, using Rosa26-tdTomato-reporter/Cnp-Cre mice, we found that many forebrain neurons and cerebellar Purkinje neurons belong to the lineages of Cnp-expressing neuroglial stem cells. To answer whether gene targeting by Cnp-Cre can induce neuron-autonomous defects, we conditionally deleted an essential autophagy gene, Atg7, in Cnp-Cre mice. The Cnp-Cre-mediated Atg7 KO mice showed extensive p62 inclusion in neurons, including cerebellar Purkinje neurons with extensive neurodegeneration. Furthermore, neuronal areas showing p62 inclusion in Cnp-Cre-mediated Atg7 KO mice overlapped with the neuronal lineage of Cnp-expressing neuroglial stem cells. Moreover, Cnp-Cre-mediated Atg7-KO mice did not develop critical defects in myelination. Our results demonstrate that a large population of central neurons are derived from Cnp-expressing neuroglial stem cells; thus, conditional gene targeting using the Cnp promoter, which is known to be OL-specific, can induce neuron-autonomous phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rae Jo
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Jang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Go
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Kyeong Park
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Oh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Department of Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine, Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myung Cheon
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine, Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hye Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Nishiyama A, Shimizu T, Sherafat A, Richardson WD. Life-long oligodendrocyte development and plasticity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:25-37. [PMID: 33741250 PMCID: PMC8292179 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in localized germinal zones in the embryonic neural tube, then migrate and proliferate to populate the entire central nervous system, both white and gray matter. They divide and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) throughout postnatal and adult life. OPCs express NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha subunit (PDGFRα), two functionally important cell surface proteins, which are also widely used as markers for OPCs. The proliferation of OPCs, their terminal differentiation into OLs, survival of new OLs, and myelin synthesis are orchestrated by signals in the local microenvironment. We discuss advances in our mechanistic understanding of paracrine effects, including those mediated through PDGFRα and neuronal activity-dependent signals such as those mediated through AMPA receptors in OL survival and myelination. Finally, we review recent studies supporting the role of new OL production and “adaptive myelination” in specific behaviours and cognitive processes contributing to learning and long-term memory formation. Our article is not intended to be comprehensive but reflects the authors’ past and present interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA.
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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Lysosomal Functions in Glia Associated with Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030400. [PMID: 33803137 PMCID: PMC7999372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain various acidic digestive enzymes. Despite their small size, they have multiple functions. Lysosomes remove or recycle unnecessary cell parts. They repair damaged cellular membranes by exocytosis. Lysosomes also sense cellular energy status and transmit signals to the nucleus. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system and have an active role in homeostatic support for neurons. In response to dynamic cues, glia use lysosomal pathways for the secretion and uptake of regulatory molecules, which affect the physiology of neighboring neurons. Therefore, functional aberration of glial lysosomes can trigger neuronal degeneration. Here, we review lysosomal functions in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, with emphasis on neurodegeneration.
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22
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La Spina M, Contreras PS, Rissone A, Meena NK, Jeong E, Martina JA. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609683. [PMID: 33490073 PMCID: PMC7815692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response and adaptation to stress are critical for the survival of all living organisms. The regulation of the transcriptional machinery is an important aspect of these complex processes. The members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors, apart from their involvement in melanocyte biology, are emerging as key players in a wide range of cellular functions in response to a plethora of internal and external stresses. The MiT/TFE proteins are structurally related and conserved through evolution. Their tissue expression and activities are highly regulated by alternative splicing, promoter usage, and posttranslational modifications. Here, we summarize the functions of MiT/TFE proteins as master transcriptional regulators across evolution and discuss the contribution of animal models to our understanding of the various roles of these transcription factors. We also highlight the importance of deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the quest for potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Naresh K Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. Multifaceted activities of transcription factor EB in cancer onset and progression. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:327-346. [PMID: 33252196 PMCID: PMC7858119 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents an emerging player in cancer biology. Together with microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EC, TFEB belongs to the microphthalmia family of bHLH‐leucine zipper transcription factors that may be implicated in human melanomas, renal and pancreatic cancers. TFEB was originally described as being translocated in a juvenile subset of pediatric renal cell carcinoma; however, whole‐genome sequencing reported that somatic mutations were sporadically found in many different cancers. Besides its oncogenic activity, TFEB controls the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway by recognizing a recurrent motif present in the promoter regions of a set of genes that participate in lysosome biogenesis; furthermore, its dysregulation was found to have a crucial pathogenic role in different tumors by modulating the autophagy process. Other than regulating cancer cell‐autonomous responses, recent findings indicate that TFEB participates in the regulation of cellular functions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the emerging role of TFEB in regulating cancer cell behavior and choreographing tumor–microenvironment interaction. Recognizing TFEB as a hub of network of signals exchanged within the tumor between cancer and stroma cells provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumor self‐organization, promising to reveal numerous new and potentially druggable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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24
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da Costa A, Metais T, Mouthon F, Kerkovich D, Charvériat M. Evaluating and modulating TFEB in the control of autophagy: toward new treatments in CNS disorders. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:539-551. [PMID: 33259088 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TFEB is a mammalian transcription factor that binds directly to the CLEAR consensus sequence (5'-GTCACGTGAC-3') present in the regulatory regions of genes inducing autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, hydrolase enzyme expression, and lysosomal exocytosis. By modulating these activities, TFEB coordinates on-demand control over each cell's degradation pathway. Thus, a nuclear signaling pathway regulates cellular energy metabolism through TFEB. Our growing understanding of the role of TFEB and CLEAR in the promotion of healthy clearance together with in vitro and in vivo preclinical findings in various animal models of disease supports the conclusion that the pharmacological activation of TFEB could clear toxic proteins to treat both rare and common forms of neurodegenerative disease.
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25
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Carey KL, Paulus GLC, Wang L, Balce DR, Luo JW, Bergman P, Ferder IC, Kong L, Renaud N, Singh S, Kost-Alimova M, Nyfeler B, Lassen KG, Virgin HW, Xavier RJ. TFEB Transcriptional Responses Reveal Negative Feedback by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108371. [PMID: 33176151 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activates lysosomal biogenesis genes in response to environmental cues. Given implications of impaired TFEB signaling and lysosomal dysfunction in metabolic, neurological, and infectious diseases, we aim to systematically identify TFEB-directed circuits by examining transcriptional responses to TFEB subcellular localization and stimulation. We reveal that steady-state nuclear TFEB is sufficient to activate transcription of lysosomal, autophagy, and innate immunity genes, whereas other targets require higher thresholds of stimulation. Furthermore, we identify shared and distinct transcriptional signatures between mTOR inhibition and bacterial autophagy. Using a genome-wide CRISPR library, we find TFEB targets that protect cells from or sensitize cells to lysosomal cell death. BHLHE40 and BHLHE41, genes responsive to high, sustained levels of nuclear TFEB, act in opposition to TFEB upon lysosomal cell death induction. Further investigation identifies genes counter-regulated by TFEB and BHLHE40/41, adding this negative feedback to the current understanding of TFEB regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Carey
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Geraldine L C Paulus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica W Luo
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Phil Bergman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ianina C Ferder
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicole Renaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beat Nyfeler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kara G Lassen
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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26
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Pooyan P, Karamzadeh R, Mirzaei M, Meyfour A, Amirkhan A, Wu Y, Gupta V, Baharvand H, Javan M, Salekdeh GH. The Dynamic Proteome of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Differentiation Features Planar Cell Polarity and Macroautophagy Pathways. Gigascience 2020; 9:5945159. [PMID: 33128372 PMCID: PMC7601170 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generation of oligodendrocytes is a sophisticated multistep process, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are not fully understood and demand further investigation. To systematically profile proteome dynamics during human embryonic stem cell differentiation into oligodendrocytes, we applied in-depth quantitative proteomics at different developmental stages and monitored changes in protein abundance using a multiplexed tandem mass tag-based proteomics approach. Findings Our proteome data provided a comprehensive protein expression profile that highlighted specific expression clusters based on the protein abundances over the course of human oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We identified the eminence of the planar cell polarity signalling and autophagy (particularly macroautophagy) in the progression of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation—the cooperation of which is assisted by 106 and 77 proteins, respectively, that showed significant expression changes in this differentiation process. Furthermore, differentially expressed protein analysis of the proteome profile of oligodendrocyte lineage cells revealed 378 proteins that were specifically upregulated only in 1 differentiation stage. In addition, comparative pairwise analysis of differentiation stages demonstrated that abundances of 352 proteins differentially changed between consecutive differentiation time points. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive systematic proteomics profile of oligodendrocyte lineage cells that can serve as a resource for identifying novel biomarkers from these cells and for indicating numerous proteins that may contribute to regulating the development of myelinating oligodendrocytes and other cells of oligodendrocyte lineage. We showed the importance of planar cell polarity signalling in oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation and revealed the autophagy-related proteins that participate in oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Pooyan
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blv., Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Ashrafi Esfahani, Tehran 1461968151, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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27
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Abstract
The vertebrate body plan is characterized by the presence of a segmented spine along its main axis. Here, we examine the current understanding of how the axial tissues that are formed during embryonic development give rise to the adult spine and summarize recent advances in the field, largely focused on recent studies in zebrafish, with comparisons to amniotes where appropriate. We discuss recent work illuminating the genetics and biological mechanisms mediating extension and straightening of the body axis during development, and highlight open questions. We specifically focus on the processes of notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid physiology, and how defects in those processes may lead to scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatrics Research Institute, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
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28
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Yazdankhah M, Shang P, Ghosh S, Hose S, Liu H, Weiss J, Fitting CS, Bhutto IA, Zigler JS, Qian J, Sahel JA, Sinha D, Stepicheva NA. Role of glia in optic nerve. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 81:100886. [PMID: 32771538 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells are critically important for maintenance of neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS), including the optic nerve (ON). However, the ON has several unique characteristics, such as an extremely high myelination level of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons throughout the length of the nerve (with virtually all fibers myelinated by 7 months of age in humans), lack of synapses and very narrow geometry. Moreover, the optic nerve head (ONH) - a region where the RGC axons exit the eye - represents an interesting area that is morphologically distinct in different species. In many cases of multiple sclerosis (demyelinating disease of the CNS) vision problems are the first manifestation of the disease, suggesting that RGCs and/or glia in the ON are more sensitive to pathological conditions than cells in other parts of the CNS. Here, we summarize current knowledge on glial organization and function in the ON, focusing on glial support of RGCs. We cover both well-established concepts on the important role of glial cells in ON health and new findings, including novel insights into mechanisms of remyelination, microglia/NG2 cell-cell interaction, astrocyte reactivity and the regulation of reactive astrogliosis by mitochondrial fragmentation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Fitting
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imran A Bhutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Samuel Zigler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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29
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Mengozzi M, Hesketh A, Bucca G, Ghezzi P, Smith CP. Vitamins D3 and D2 have marked but different global effects on gene expression in a rat oligodendrocyte precursor cell line. Mol Med 2020; 26:32. [PMID: 32272884 PMCID: PMC7146914 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) but it is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation improves the clinical course of MS, and there is uncertainty about the dose and form of vitamin D (D2 or D3) to be used. The mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin D in MS are not clear. Vitamin D3 increases the rate of differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), suggesting that it might help remyelination in addition to modulating the immune response. Here we analyzed the transcriptome of differentiating rat CG4 OPCs treated with vitamin D2 or with vitamin D3 at 24 h and 72 h following onset of differentiation. Methods Gene expression in differentiating CG4 cells in response to vitamin D2 or D3 was quantified using Agilent DNA microarrays (n = 4 replicates), and the transcriptome data were processed and analysed using the R software environment. Differential expression between the experimental conditions was determined using LIMMA, applying the Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction to p-values, and significant genes were grouped into co-expression clusters by hierarchical clustering. The functional significance of gene groups was explored by pathway enrichment analysis using the clusterProfiler package. Results Differentiation alone changed the expression of about 10% of the genes at 72 h compared to 24 h. Vitamin D2 and D3 exerted different effects on gene expression, with D3 influencing 1272 genes and D2 574 at 24 h. The expression of the vast majority of these genes was either not changed in differentiating cells not exposed to vitamin D or followed the same trajectory as the latter. D3-repressed genes were enriched for Gene Ontology (GO) categories including transcription factors and the Notch pathway, while D3-induced genes were enriched for the Ras pathway. Conclusions This study shows that vitamin D3, compared with D2, changes the expression of a larger number of genes in OLs. Identification of genes affected by D3 in OLs should help to identify mechanisms mediating its action in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Andrew Hesketh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Giselda Bucca
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Colin P Smith
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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30
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Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:101-118. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Galloway DA, Gowing E, Setayeshgar S, Kothary R. Inhibitory milieu at the multiple sclerosis lesion site and the challenges for remyelination. Glia 2019; 68:859-877. [PMID: 31441132 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of myelin, following injury, can occur within the central nervous system to reinstate proper axonal conductance and provide trophic support. Failure to do so renders the axons vulnerable, leading to eventual degeneration, and neuronal loss. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which remyelination or failure to remyelinate occur, particularly in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders. In multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate to lesion sites to repair myelin. However, during disease progression, the ability of OPCs to participate in remyelination diminishes coincident with worsening of the symptoms. Remyelination is affected by a broad range of cues from intrinsic programming of OPCs and extrinsic local factors to the immune system and other systemic elements including diet and exercise. Here we review the literature on these diverse inhibitory factors and the challenges they pose to remyelination. Results spanning several disciplines from fundamental preclinical studies to knowledge gained in the clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Galloway
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Solmaz Setayeshgar
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Gan L, Seki A, Shen K, Iyer H, Han K, Hayer A, Wollman R, Ge X, Lin JR, Dey G, Talbot WS, Meyer T. The lysosomal GPCR-like protein GPR137B regulates Rag and mTORC1 localization and activity. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:614-626. [PMID: 31036939 PMCID: PMC6649673 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth is controlled by a lysosomal signaling complex containing Rag small GTPases and mTORC1 kinase. Here we carried out a microscopy-based genome-wide human siRNA screen and discovered a lysosome-localized G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-like protein, GPR137B, that interacts with Rag GTPases, increases Rag localization and activity, and thereby regulates mTORC1 translocation and activity. High GPR137B expression can recruit and activate mTORC1 in the absence of amino acids. Furthermore, GPR137B also regulates the dissociation of activated Rag from lysosomes, suggesting that GPR137B controls a cycle of Rag activation and dissociation from lysosomes. GPR137B knockout cells exhibited defective autophagy and an expanded lysosome compartment, similar to Rag knockout cells. Like zebrafish RagA mutants, GPR137B mutant zebrafish had upregulated TFEB target gene expression and an expanded lysosome compartment in microglia. Thus, GPR137B is a GPCR-like lysosomal regulatory protein that controls dynamic Rag and mTORC1 localization and activity as well as lysosome morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harini Iyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuecai Ge
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerry R Lin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Dey
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Timmler S, Simons M. Grey matter myelination. Glia 2019; 67:2063-2070. [PMID: 30860619 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is now increasing evidence that myelin is not only generated early in development, but also during adulthood possibly contributing to lifelong plasticity of the brain. In particular, human cortical areas responsible for the highest cognitive functions seem to require decades until they have reached their maximal amount of myelination. Currently, we know very little about the mechanisms and the functions of grey matter myelination. In this emerging field key questions await to be addressed: How long does myelination last in humans? How is grey matter myelination regulated? What is the function of myelin in the grey matter? Does grey matter myelination limit and/or promote neuronal plasticity? Finding answers to these questions will be important for our understanding of normal, but also abnormal cortex function in a number of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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34
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Elbaz B, Popko B. Molecular Control of Oligodendrocyte Development. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:263-277. [PMID: 30770136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a multilayer lipid membrane structure that wraps and insulates axons, allowing for the efficient propagation of action potentials. During developmental myelination of the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and migrate to their final destination, where they terminally differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons. Lineage progression and terminal differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells are under tight transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. The characterization of several recently identified regulatory factors that govern these processes, which are the focus of this review, has greatly increased our understanding of oligodendrocyte development and function. These insights are critical to facilitate efforts to enhance OPC differentiation in neurological disorders that disrupt CNS myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benayahu Elbaz
- The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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