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Gao M, Wang X, Su S, Feng W, Lai Y, Huang K, Cao D, Wang Q. Meningeal lymphatic vessel crosstalk with central nervous system immune cells in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:763-778. [PMID: 38886941 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels form a relationship between the nervous system and periphery, which is relevant in both health and disease. Meningeal lymphatic vessels not only play a key role in the drainage of brain metabolites but also contribute to antigen delivery and immune cell activation. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of myeloid and lymphoid cells and their interactions with meningeal lymphatic vessels within the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels within the context of the central nervous system immune network, highlighting recent discoveries on the immunological niche provided by meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms of crosstalk between meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells in the central nervous system under both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, discussing how these interactions shape the pathological outcomes. Regulation of meningeal lymphatic vessel function and structure can influence lymphatic drainage, cerebrospinal fluid-borne immune modulators, and immune cell populations in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby playing a key role in shaping meningeal and brain parenchyma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weicheng Feng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaona Lai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongli Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Xu K, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chen M, Wang C. Benzo(a)pyrene exposure impacts cerebrovascular development in zebrafish embryos and the antagonistic effect of berberine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174980. [PMID: 39053545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) widely present in the environment, but their effect on cerebrovascular development has been rarely reported. In this study, dechorionated zebrafish embryos at 24 hpf were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) at 0.5, 5 and 50 nM for 48 h, cerebrovascular density showed a significant reduction in the 5 and 50 nM groups. The expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was significantly increased. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the pathway of positive regulation of vascular development was down-regulated and the pathway of inflammation response was up-regulated. The transcription of main genes related to vascular development, such as vegf, bmper, cdh5, f3b, itgb1 and prkd1, was down-regulated. Addition of AhR-specific inhibitor CH233191 in the 50 nM BaP group rescued cerebrovascular developmental defects and down-regulation of relative genes, suggesting that BaP-induced cerebrovascular defects was AhR-dependent. The cerebrovascular defects were persistent into adult fish raised in clean water, showing that the relative area of vascular network, the length of vessels per unit area and the number of vascular junctions per unit area were significantly decreased in the 50 nM group. Supplementation of berberine (BBR), a naturally derived medicine from a Chinese medicinal herb, alleviated BaP-induced cerebrovascular defects, accompanied by the restoration of altered expression of AhR and relative genes, which might be due to that BBR promoted BaP elimination via enhancing detoxification enzyme activities, suggesting that BBR could be a potential agent in the prevention of cerebrovascular developmental defects caused by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yuehong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Liao J, Duan Y, Liu Y, Chen H, An Z, Chen Y, Su Z, Usman AM, Xiao G. Simvastatin alleviates glymphatic system damage via the VEGF-C/VEGFR3/PI3K-Akt pathway after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111045. [PMID: 39097032 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Current clinical practice primarily relies on surgical intervention to remove hematomas in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), given the lack of effective drug therapies. Previous research indicates that simvastatin (SIM) may enhance hematoma absorption and resolution in the acute phase of ICH, though the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent findings have highlighted the glymphatic system (GS) as a crucial component in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid circulation, playing a significant role in hematoma clearance post-ICH. This study investigates the link between SIM efficacy in hematoma resolution and the GS. Our experimental results show that SIM alleviates GS damage in ICH-induced rats, resulting in improved outcomes such as reduced brain edema, neuronal apoptosis, and degeneration. Further analysis reveals that SIM's effects are mediated through the VEGF-C/VEGFR3/PI3K-Akt pathway. This study advances our understanding of SIM's mechanism in promoting intracranial hematoma clearance and underscores the potential of targeting the GS for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxing Duan
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxue Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haolong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihan An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangjie Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ahsan Muhammad Usman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Sargodha Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Lee H, Han DW, La H, Park C, Kang K, Kwon O, Uhm SJ, Song H, Do JT, Choi Y, Hong K. DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase is critical for adult vessel maintenance and functions. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1635-1643. [PMID: 38665093 PMCID: PMC11366529 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is the only known histone H3K79 methyltransferase essential for the development of the embryonic cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, through transcriptional regulation. Our previous study demonstrated that Dot1l deletion results in aberrant lymphatic development and function. However, its precise function in the postnatal cardiovascular system remains unknown. METHODS Using conditional and inducible Dot1l knockout (KO) mice, along with a reporter strain carrying the Geo gene at the Dot1l locus, DOT1L expression and its function in the vascular system during postnatal life were investigated. To assess vessel morphology and vascular permeability, we administered Latex or Evans blue dye to KO mice. In addition, in vitro tube formation and cell migration assays were performed using DOT1L-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Changes in the expression of vascular genes in HUVECs were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that conditional Dot1l knockout in the Tg (Tie2-cre) strain results in abnormal blood vessel formation and lymphatic anomalies in the intestine. In a mouse model of Rosa26-creER-mediated inducible Dot1l knockout, we observed vascular phenotypes, including increased vascular permeability and brain hemorrhage, when DOT1L was deleted in adulthood. Additionally, DOT1L depletion in cultured HUVECs led to impaired cell migration and tube formation, likely due to altered gene transcription. These findings highlight the essential role of DOT1L in maintaining vascular integrity and function during embryonic development and postnatal life. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that DOT1L is required for the maintenance of adult vascular function through the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeeJi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020,
China
| | - Hyeonwoo La
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kiye Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Ohbeom Kwon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339,
Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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Yu T, Chen J, Wang Y, Xu J. The embryonic zebrafish brain is exclusively colonized by pu.1-dependent and lymphatic-independent population of microglia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0519. [PMID: 39196933 PMCID: PMC11352844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the crucial immune cells inhabiting the central nervous system (CNS), perform a range of vital functions, encompassing immune defense and neuronal regulation. Microglia subsets with diverse functions and distinct developmental regulations have been identified recently. It is generally accepted that all microglia originate from hematopoiesis and depend on the myeloid transcription factor PU.1. However, a recent study reported the existence of mrc1+ microglia in zebrafish embryos, which are seemingly independent of Pu.1 and reliant on lymphatic vessels, sparking great interest in the possibility of lymphatic-originated microglia. To address this, we took advantage of a pu.1 knock-in zebrafish allele for a detailed investigation. Our results conclusively showed that almost all zebrafish embryonic microglia (~95% on average) express pu.1. Further, lineage tracing and mutant analysis revealed that these microglia neither emerged from nor depended on lymphatic vessels. In essence, our study refutes the presence of pu.1-independent but lymphatic-dependent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Wang P, Luo L, Chen J. Her4.3 + radial glial cells maintain the brain vascular network through activation of Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107570. [PMID: 39019216 PMCID: PMC11342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During vascular development, radial glial cells (RGCs) regulate vascular patterning in the trunk and contribute to the early differentiation of the blood-brain barrier. Ablation of RGCs results in excessive sprouting vessels or the absence of bilateral vertebral arteries. However, interactions of RGCs with later brain vascular networks after pattern formation remain unknown. Here, we generated a her4.3 transgenic line to label RGCs and applied the metronidazole/nitroreductase system to ablate her4.3+ RGCs. The ablation of her4.3+ RGCs led to the collapse of the cerebral vascular network, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and downregulation of Wnt signaling. The inhibition of Wnt signaling resulted in the collapse of cerebral vasculature, similar to that caused by her4.3+ RGC ablation. The defects in the maintenance of brain vasculature resulting from the absence of her4.3+ RGCs were partially rescued by the activation of Wnt signaling or overexpression of Wnt7aa or Wnt7bb. Together, our study suggests that her4.3+ RGCs maintain the cerebral vascular network through Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Phng LK, Hogan BM. Endothelial cell transitions in zebrafish vascular development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:357-368. [PMID: 39072708 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, developmental biologists have come to view vascular development as a series of progressive transitions. Mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells; arteries, veins and lymphatic endothelial cells are specified from early endothelial cells; and vascular networks diversify and invade developing tissues and organs. Our understanding of this elaborate developmental process has benefitted from detailed studies using the zebrafish as a model system. Here, we review a number of key developmental transitions that occur in zebrafish during the formation of the blood and lymphatic vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Programme, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Zhang X, Liu H, Cai P, Huang Z, Ma J, Luo L. Mdka produced by the activated HSCs drives bipotential progenitor cell redifferentiation during zebrafish biliary-mediated liver regeneration. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00981. [PMID: 39188045 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS After extensive hepatocyte loss or impaired hepatocyte proliferation, liver regeneration occurs through trans-differentiation of biliary epithelial cells (BECs), which involves dedifferentiation of biliary epithelial cells into bipotential progenitor cells (BP-PCs) and subsequent redifferentiation of BP-PCs into nascent hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Despite several studies on the redifferentiation process of BP-PCs into nascent hepatocytes, the contributions of nonparenchymal cells in this process remain poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using the zebrafish severe liver injury model, we observed specific expression of midkine a (Mdka) in the activated HSCs through single-cell analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genetic mutation, pharmacological inhibition, whole-mount in situ hybridizations, and antibody staining demonstrated an essential role of mdka in the redifferentiation of BP-PCs during liver regeneration. Notably, we identified Nucleolin (Ncl), the potential receptor for Mdka, specifically expressed in BP-PCs, and its mutant recapitulated the mdka mutant phenotypes with impaired BP-PC redifferentiation. Mechanistically, the Mdka-Ncl axis drove Erk1 activation in BP-PCs during liver regeneration. Furthermore, overexpression of activated Erk1 partially rescued the defective liver regeneration in the mdka mutant. CONCLUSIONS The activated HSCs produce Mdka to drive the redifferentiation process of BP-PCs through activating Erk1 during the biliary-mediated liver regeneration, implying previously unappreciated contributions of nonparenchymal cells to this regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengcheng Cai
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuofu Huang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Ding J, Li Y, Feng F, Xu Y, Wang T, He J, Cang J, Luo L. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 drives brain lymphatic endothelial cell development through integrin αvβ3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5986. [PMID: 39013903 PMCID: PMC11252342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) are essential for meningeal angiogenesis and cerebrovascular regeneration. Although epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7) has been reported to act as a pro-angiogenic factor, its roles in lymphangiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that Egfl7 is expressed in both blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. We generate an egfl7 cq180 mutant with a 13-bp-deletion in exon 3 leading to reduced expression of Egfl7. The egfl7 cq180 mutant zebrafish exhibit defective formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures, although trunk and facial lymphatic development remains unaffected. Moreover, while the egfl7 cq180 mutant displays normal BLEC lineage specification, the migration and proliferation of these cells are impaired. Additionally, we identify integrin αvβ3 as the receptor for Egfl7. αvβ3 is expressed in the CVP and sprouting BLECs, and blocking this integrin inhibits the formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures. Thus, this study identifies a role for Egfl7 in BLEC development that is mediated through the integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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10
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He X, Xiong D, Zhao L, Fu J, Luo L. Meningeal lymphatic supporting cells govern the formation and maintenance of zebrafish mural lymphatic endothelial cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5547. [PMID: 38956047 PMCID: PMC11220022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The meninges are critical for the brain functions, but the diversity of meningeal cell types and intercellular interactions have yet to be thoroughly examined. Here we identify a population of meningeal lymphatic supporting cells (mLSCs) in the zebrafish leptomeninges, which are specifically labeled by ependymin. Morphologically, mLSCs form membranous structures that enwrap the majority of leptomeningeal blood vessels and all the mural lymphatic endothelial cells (muLECs). Based on its unique cellular morphologies and transcriptional profile, mLSC is characterized as a unique cell type different from all the currently known meningeal cell types. Because of the formation of supportive structures and production of pro-lymphangiogenic factors, mLSCs not only promote muLEC development and maintain the dispersed distributions of muLECs in the leptomeninges, but also are required for muLEC regeneration after ablation. This study characterizes a newly identified cell type in leptomeninges, mLSC, which is required for muLEC development, maintenance, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daiqin Xiong
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jialong Fu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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11
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Panara V, Varaliová Z, Wilting J, Koltowska K, Jeltsch M. The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38940420 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the 'fish lymphatics' are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole-genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Varaliová
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
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12
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Yang L, Li Q, Wang K, Liu H, Yang X, Xu Y, Chen Y, Teng J, Gong Z, Jia Y. Blocking cerebral lymphatic system reduces central and peripheral inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148825. [PMID: 38403041 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Reduced blood supply to the brain activates the intracranial inflammatory response, a key contributor to secondary brain damage in ischemic stroke. Post-stroke, activation of peripheral immune cells leads to systemic inflammatory responses. Usingin vivo approaches, we investigated meningeal lymphatics' role in central immune cell infiltration and peripheral immune cell activation. The bilateral deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) were removed 7 days before right middle cerebral artery occlusion in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. At 3, 24, and 72 h post-intervention, brain immune cell infiltration and microglial and astrocyte activation were measured, while immune cells were classified in the spleen and blood. Inflammatory factor levels in peripheral blood were analyzed. Simultaneously, reverse verification was conducted by injecting AAV-vascular endothelial growth factor C (AAV-VEGFC) adenovirus into the lateral ventricle 14 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induction to enhance meningeal lymph function. Blocking meningeal LVs in MCAO rats significantly reduced infarct area and infiltration, and inhibited microglia and pro-inflammatory astrocytes activation. After removing dCLNs, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in the spleen and blood of MCAO rats decreased significantly at different time points. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α in plasma decreased significantly. Tests confirmed the results, and AAV-VEGFC-induced MCAO rats provided reverse validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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13
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Boisserand LSB, Geraldo LH, Bouchart J, El Kamouh MR, Lee S, Sanganahalli BG, Spajer M, Zhang S, Lee S, Parent M, Xue Y, Skarica M, Yin X, Guegan J, Boyé K, Saceanu Leser F, Jacob L, Poulet M, Li M, Liu X, Velazquez SE, Singhabahu R, Robinson ME, Askenase MH, Osherov A, Sestan N, Zhou J, Alitalo K, Song E, Eichmann A, Sansing LH, Benveniste H, Hyder F, Thomas JL. VEGF-C prophylaxis favors lymphatic drainage and modulates neuroinflammation in a stroke model. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221983. [PMID: 38442272 PMCID: PMC10913814 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates MLV development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage and ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. Intracerebrospinal administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing mouse full-length VEGF-C (AAV-mVEGF-C) increased CSF drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) by enhancing lymphatic growth and upregulated neuroprotective signaling pathways identified by single nuclei RNA sequencing of brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-mVEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage, associated with mitigated microglia-mediated inflammation and increased BDNF signaling in brain cells. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-C were lost upon cauterization of the dCLN afferent lymphatics and not mimicked by acute post-stroke VEGF-C injection. We conclude that VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes multiple vascular, immune, and neural responses that culminate in a protection against neurological damage in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Henrique Geraldo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean Bouchart
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie-Renee El Kamouh
- Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Myriam Spajer
- Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxime Parent
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuechuan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Skarica
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justine Guegan
- Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Boyé
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laurent Jacob
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Poulet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiodan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sofia E. Velazquez
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruchith Singhabahu
- Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mark E. Robinson
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Artem Osherov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Faculty of Medicine, Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren H. Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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14
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Chen Y, He X, Cai J, Li Q. Functional aspects of the brain lymphatic drainage system in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:206-221. [PMID: 38430054 PMCID: PMC11144931 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of an aging population is advancing at a precipitous rate. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, both of which are primarily characterized by the accumulation of toxic proteins and the progressive demise of neuronal structures. Recent discoveries about the brain lymphatic drainage system have precipitated a growing body of investigations substantiating its novel roles, including the clearance of macromolecular waste and the trafficking of immune cells. Notably, aquaporin 4-mediated glymphatic transport, crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis, becomes disrupted during the aging process and is further compromised in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. Functional meningeal lymphatic vessels, which facilitate the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid into the deep cervical lymph nodes, are integral in bridging the central nervous system with peripheral immune responses. Dysfunction in these meningeal lymphatic vessels exacerbates pathological trajectory of the age-related neurodegenerative disease. This review explores modulatory influence of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels on the aging brain and its associated neurodegenerative disorders. It also encapsulates the insights of potential mechanisms and prospects of the targeted non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Xiaoxin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiachen Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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15
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Qi H, Duan S, Xu Y, Zhang H. Frontiers and future perspectives of neuroimmunology. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:206-217. [PMID: 38933499 PMCID: PMC11197808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical science that emerges from the intersection of studies on the nervous system and the immune system. The complex interplay between the two systems has long been recognized. Research efforts directed at the underlying functional interface and associated pathophysiology, however, have garnered attention only in recent decades. In this narrative review, we highlight significant advances in research on neuroimmune interplay and modulation. A particular focus is on early- and middle-career neuroimmunologists in China and their achievements in frontier areas of "neuroimmune interface", "neuro-endocrine-immune network and modulation", "neuroimmune interactions in diseases", "meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in health and disease", and "tools and methodologies in neuroimmunology research". Key scientific questions and future directions for potential breakthroughs in neuroimmunology research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qi
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanying Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
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16
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Ang PS, Zhang DM, Azizi SA, Norton de Matos SA, Brorson JR. The glymphatic system and cerebral small vessel disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107557. [PMID: 38198946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral small vessel disease is a group of pathologies in which alterations of the brain's blood vessels contribute to stroke and neurocognitive changes. Recently, a neurotoxic waste clearance system composed of perivascular spaces abutting the brain's blood vessels, termed the glymphatic system, has been identified as a key player in brain homeostasis. Given that small vessel disease and the glymphatic system share anatomical structures, this review aims to reexamine small vessel disease in the context of the glymphatic system and highlight novel aspects of small vessel disease physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted with an emphasis on studies that examined aspects of small vessel disease and on works characterizing the glymphatic system. We searched PubMed for relevant articles using the following keywords: glymphatics, cerebral small vessel disease, arterial pulsatility, hypertension, blood-brain barrier, endothelial dysfunction, stroke, diabetes. RESULTS Cerebral small vessel disease and glymphatic dysfunction are anatomically connected and significant risk factors are shared between the two. These include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, advanced age, poor sleep, obesity, and neuroinflammation. There is clear evidence that CSVD hinders the effective functioning of glymphatic system. CONCLUSION These shared risk factors, as well as the model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathogenesis, hint at the possibility that glymphatic dysfunction could independently contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. However, the current evidence supports a model of cascading dysfunction, wherein concurrent small vessel and glymphatic injury hinder glymphatic-mediated recovery and promote the progression of subclinical to clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Ang
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Douglas M Zhang
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | | | - James R Brorson
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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17
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Licastro E, Pignataro G, Iliff JJ, Xiang Y, Lo EH, Hayakawa K, Esposito E. Glymphatic and lymphatic communication with systemic responses during physiological and pathological conditions in the central nervous system. Commun Biol 2024; 7:229. [PMID: 38402351 PMCID: PMC10894274 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between central nervous system (CNS) and systemic responses is important in many pathological conditions, including stroke, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, epilepsy, etc. Accumulating evidence suggest that signals for central-systemic crosstalk may utilize glymphatic and lymphatic pathways. The glymphatic system is functionally connected to the meningeal lymphatic system, and together these pathways may be involved in the distribution of soluble proteins and clearance of metabolites and waste products from the CNS. Lymphatic vessels in the dura and meninges transport cerebrospinal fluid, in part collected from the glymphatic system, to the cervical lymph nodes, where solutes coming from the brain (i.e., VEGFC, oligomeric α-syn, β-amyloid) might activate a systemic inflammatory response. There is also an element of time since the immune system is strongly regulated by circadian rhythms, and both glymphatic and lymphatic dynamics have been shown to change during the day and night. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the brain-cervical lymph node (CLN) signaling and how it might be affected by diurnal or circadian rhythms is fundamental to find specific targets and timing for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Licastro
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yanxiao Xiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Elga Esposito
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Chen J, Pan Y, Liu Q, Li G, Chen G, Li W, Zhao W, Wang Q. The Interplay between Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1016-1032. [PMID: 36380442 PMCID: PMC10964105 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221115150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are essential for the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells in the central nervous system. They play critical roles in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Dysfunctional MLVs have been demonstrated to increase neuroinflammation by horizontally blocking the drainage of neurotoxic proteins to the peripheral lymph nodes. Conversely, MLVs protect against neuroinflammation by preventing immune cells from becoming fully encephalitogenic. Furthermore, evidence suggests that neuroinflammation affects the structure and function of MLVs, causing vascular anomalies and angiogenesis. Although this field is still in its infancy, the strong link between MLVs and neuroinflammation has emerged as a potential target for slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a brief history of the discovery of MLVs, introduces in vivo and in vitro MLV models, highlights the molecular mechanisms through which MLVs contribute to and protect against neuroinflammation, and discusses the potential impact of neuroinflammation on MLVs, focusing on recent progress in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qihua Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Gongcan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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19
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Zhao L, Qiu Z, Yang Z, Xu L, Pearce TM, Wu Q, Yang K, Li F, Saulnier O, Fei F, Yu H, Gimple RC, Varadharajan V, Liu J, Hendrikse LD, Fong V, Wang W, Zhang J, Lv D, Lee D, Lehrich BM, Jin C, Ouyang L, Dixit D, Wu H, Wang X, Sloan AE, Wang X, Huan T, Mark Brown J, Goldman SA, Taylor MD, Zhou S, Rich JN. Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma stem cell growth through cytokine-driven cholesterol metabolism. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:147-166. [PMID: 38172338 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) atop a cellular hierarchy. GSCs often reside in a perivascular niche, where they receive maintenance cues from endothelial cells, but the role of heterogeneous endothelial cell populations remains unresolved. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial-like cells (LECs), while previously unrecognized in brain parenchyma, are present in glioblastomas and promote growth of CCR7-positive GSCs through CCL21 secretion. Disruption of CCL21-CCR7 paracrine communication between LECs and GSCs inhibited GSC proliferation and growth. LEC-derived CCL21 induced KAT5-mediated acetylation of HMGCS1 on K273 in GSCs to enhance HMGCS1 protein stability. HMGCS1 promoted cholesterol synthesis in GSCs, favorable for tumor growth. Expression of the CCL21-CCR7 axis correlated with KAT5 expression and HMGCS1K273 acetylation in glioblastoma specimens, informing patient outcome. Collectively, glioblastomas contain previously unrecognized LECs that promote the molecular crosstalk between endothelial and tumor cells, offering potentially alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Thomas M Pearce
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - FuLong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Division of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vernon Fong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deguan Lv
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon M Lehrich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Peng T, Xie Y, Liu F, Lian Y, Xie Y, Ma Y, Wang C, Xie N. The cerebral lymphatic drainage system and its implications in epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25267. [PMID: 38284855 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system has long been thought to lack a clearance system similar to the peripheral lymphatic system. Therefore, the clearance of metabolic waste in the central nervous system has been a subject of great interest in neuroscience. Recently, the cerebral lymphatic drainage system, including the parenchymal clearance system and the meningeal lymphatic network, has attracted considerable attention. It has been extensively studied in various neurological disorders. Solute accumulation and neuroinflammation after epilepsy impair the blood-brain barrier, affecting the exchange and clearance between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. Restoring their normal function may improve the prognosis of epilepsy. However, few studies have focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the brain clearance system and its significance in epilepsy. Therefore, this review addressed the structural composition, functions, and methods used to assess the cerebral lymphatic system, as well as the neglected association with epilepsy, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic approaches in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cui Wang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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21
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Wu C, Zhang W, Luo Y, Cheng C, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li S, Luo L, Yang Y. Zebrafish ppp1r21 mutant as a model for the study of primary biliary cholangitis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:1004-1013. [PMID: 37271428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that progresses to fibrosis and cirrhosis, resulting from the gradual destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. Exploring genetic variants associated with PBC is essential to understand the pathogenesis of PBC. Here we identify a zebrafish balloon dog (blg) mutant with intrahepatic bile duct branching defects, exhibiting several key pathological PBC-like features, including immunodominant autoantigen PDC-E2 production, cholangiocyte apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory activation, and liver fibrosis. blg encodes the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 21 (Ppp1r21), which is enriched in the liver and its peripheral tissues and plays a vital role in the early intrahepatic bile duct formation stage. Further studies show an excessive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the hepatic tissues in the mutant, while treatment with the pathway inhibitor LY294002 and rapamycin partially rescues intrahepatic bile duct branching defects and alleviates the PBC-like symptoms. These findings implicate the potential role of the Ppp1r21-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathophysiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiyu Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoqing Cheng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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22
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Tao Z, Yang D, Ni R. Tmed10 deficiency results in impaired exocrine pancreatic differentiation in zebrafish larvae. Dev Biol 2023; 503:43-52. [PMID: 37597605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 10 (TMED10) is a conserved vesicle trafficking protein. It is dysregulated in Alzheimer disease and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. In addition to the brain, TMED10 is highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas; however, its biological functions and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We studied reduced Tmed10 in zebrafish embryos by morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. Tmed10-deficient embryos showed extensive loss of acinar mass and impaired acinar differentiation. TMED10 has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on γ-secretase. As one of the substrates of γ-secretase, membrane-bound β-catenin was significantly reduced in Tmed10-deficient embryos. Increased γ-secretase activity in wild-type embryos resulted in a phenotype similar to that of tmed10 mutants. And the mutant phenotype could be rescued by treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester (DAPT). In addition, the reduced membrane-bound β-catenin was accompanied with up-regulated β-catenin target genes in Tmed10-deficient embryos. Overexpression of β-catenin signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) could rescue the exocrine pancreas defects. Taken together, our study reveals that Tmed10 regulates exocrine pancreatic differentiation through γ-secretase. Reduced membrane-bound β-catenin, accompanied with hyperactivation of β-catenin signaling, is an important cause of exocrine pancreas defects in Tmed10-deficient embryos. Our study reaffirms the importance of appropriate β-catenin signaling in exocrine pancreas development. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the development of treatment strategies for TMED10-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Tao
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Cai P, Ni R, Lv M, Liu H, Zhao J, He J, Luo L. VEGF signaling governs the initiation of biliary-mediated liver regeneration through the PI3K-mTORC1 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113028. [PMID: 37632748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are a potential source to repair the damaged liver when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised. Promotion of BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation could be beneficial to the clinical therapeutics of patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, mechanisms underlying the initiation of BEC transdifferentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that upon extreme hepatocyte injury, vegfaa and vegfr2/kdrl are notably induced in hepatic stellate cells and BECs, respectively. Pharmacological and genetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling would disrupt BEC dedifferentiation and proliferation, thus restraining hepatocyte regeneration. Mechanically, VEGF signaling regulates the activation of the PI3K-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis, which is essential for BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation. In mice, VEGF signaling exerts conserved roles in oval cell activation and BEC-to-hepatocyte differentiation. Taken together, this study shows VEGF signaling as an initiator of biliary-mediated liver regeneration through activating the PI3K-mTORC1 axis. Modulation of VEGF signaling in BECs could be a therapeutic approach for patients with end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Cai
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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24
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Zhao ZA, Yan L, Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Yu F, Lu J, Liu YU, Su H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in vascular repair after traumatic brain injury: a narrative review. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad033. [PMID: 37675267 PMCID: PMC10478165 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts normal brain function and is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates. TBI is characterized as mild, moderate or severe depending on its severity. The damage may be transient and limited to the dura matter, with only subtle changes in cerebral parenchyma, or life-threatening with obvious focal contusions, hematomas and edema. Blood vessels are often injured in TBI. Even in mild TBI, dysfunctional cerebral vascular repair may result in prolonged symptoms and poor outcomes. Various distinct types of cells participate in vascular repair after TBI. A better understanding of the cellular response and function in vascular repair can facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we analyzed the mechanism of cerebrovascular impairment and the repercussions following various forms of TBI. We then discussed the role of distinct cell types in the repair of meningeal and parenchyma vasculature following TBI, including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, pericytes, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), neurons, myeloid cells (macrophages and monocytes) and meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells. Finally, possible treatment techniques targeting these unique cell types for vascular repair after TBI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83# Wen-Hua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease Institute, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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25
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Choi YH, Hsu M, Laaker C, Herbath M, Yang H, Cismaru P, Johnson AM, Spellman B, Wigand K, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Dual role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) in post-stroke recovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555144. [PMID: 37693558 PMCID: PMC10491156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, this study characterizes stroke-induced lymphangiogenesis at the cribriform plate (CP). While blocking CP lymphangiogenesis with a VEGFR-3 inhibitor improves stroke outcome, administration of VEGF-C induced larger brain infarcts. Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), antigens, and antigen-presenting cells drain from the central nervous system (CNS) into lymphatic vessels near the cribriform plate and dural meningeal lymphatics. However, the pathological roles of these lymphatic vessels surrounding the CNS during stroke are not well understood. Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we show that stroke induces lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate. Interestingly, lymphangiogenesis is restricted to lymphatic vessels at the cribriform plate and downstream cervical lymph nodes, without affecting the conserved network of lymphatic vessels in the dura. Cribriform plate lymphangiogenesis peaks at day 7 and regresses by day 14 following tMCAO and is regulated by VEGF-C/VEGFR-3. These newly developed lymphangiogenic vessels transport CSF and immune cells to the cervical lymph nodes. Inhibition of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling using a blocker of VEGFR-3 prevented lymphangiogenesis and led to improved stroke outcomes at earlier time points but had no effects at later time points following stroke. Administration of VEGF-C after tMCAO did not further increase post-stroke lymphangiogenesis, but instead induced larger brain infarcts. The differential roles for VEGFR-3 inhibition and VEGF-C in regulating stroke pathology call into question recent suggestions to use VEGF-C therapeutically for stroke.
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26
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Wei X, Tan X, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Wu G, Ma X, Fu J, Li Y, Gang K, Yang Q, Ni R, He J, Luo L. Extensive jejunal injury is repaired by migration and transdifferentiation of ileal enterocytes in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112660. [PMID: 37342912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of intestinal failure (IF) is intestinal epithelium necrosis and massive loss of enterocytes, especially in the jejunum, the major intestinal segment in charge of nutrient absorption. However, mechanisms underlying jejunal epithelial regeneration after extensive loss of enterocytes remain elusive. Here, we apply a genetic ablation system to induce extensive damage to jejunal enterocytes in zebrafish, mimicking the jejunal epithelium necrosis that causes IF. In response to injury, proliferation and filopodia/lamellipodia drive anterior migration of the ileal enterocytes into the injured jejunum. The migrated fabp6+ ileal enterocytes transdifferentiate into fabp2+ jejunal enterocytes to fulfill the regeneration, consisting of dedifferentiation to precursor status followed by redifferentiation. The dedifferentiation is activated by the IL1β-NFκB axis, whose agonist promotes regeneration. Extensive jejunal epithelial damage is repaired by the migration and transdifferentiation of ileal enterocytes, revealing an intersegmental migration mechanism of intestinal regeneration and providing potential therapeutic targets for IF caused by jejunal epithelium necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Wei
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinmiao Tan
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jialong Fu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Gang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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27
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Maharajni P, Caretti V, Moro MA, McCullough LD. Role of the Meningeal Lymphatics in Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:1670-1673. [PMID: 37216448 PMCID: PMC10204316 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Maharajni
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Viola Caretti
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria A. Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Neurovascular, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, 77030
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28
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Simoes Braga Boisserand L, Bouchart J, Geraldo LH, Lee S, Sanganahalli BG, Parent M, Zhang S, Xue Y, Skarica M, Guegan J, Li M, Liu X, Poulet M, Askanase M, Osherov A, Spajer M, Kamouh MRE, Eichmann A, Alitalo K, Zhou J, Sestan N, Sansing LH, Benveniste H, Hyder F, Thomas JL. VEGF-C promotes brain-derived fluid drainage, confers neuroprotection, and improves stroke outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542708. [PMID: 37398128 PMCID: PMC10312491 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelium growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is essential for meningeal lymphatic development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. We have investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage, single cell transcriptome in the brain, and stroke outcomes in adult mice. Intra-cerebrospinal fluid administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing VEGF-C (AAV-VEGF-C) increases the CNS lymphatic network. Post-contrast T1 mapping of the head and neck showed that deep cervical lymph node size and drainage of CNS-derived fluids were increased. Single nuclei RNA sequencing revealed a neuro-supportive role of VEGF-C via upregulation of calcium and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathways in brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-VEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage. AAV-VEGF-C thus promotes CNS-derived fluid and solute drainage, confers neuroprotection, and reduces ischemic stroke damage. Short abstract Intrathecal delivery of VEGF-C increases the lymphatic drainage of brain-derived fluids confers neuroprotection, and improves neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke.
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29
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Song J, Ma J, Liu X, Huang Z, Li L, Li L, Luo L, Ni R, He J. The MRN complex maintains the biliary-derived hepatocytes in liver regeneration through ATR-Chk1 pathway. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:20. [PMID: 37024481 PMCID: PMC10079969 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When the proliferation of residual hepatocytes is prohibited, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) transdifferentiate into nascent hepatocytes to accomplish liver regeneration. Despite significant interest in transdifferentiation, little is known about the maintenance of nascent hepatocytes in post-injured environments. Here, we perform an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) forward genetic screen and identify a mutant containing a nonsense mutation in the gene nibrin (nbn), which encodes a component of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbn (MRN) complex that activates DNA damage response (DDR). The regenerated hepatocytes cannot be maintained and exhibit apoptosis in the mutant. Mechanistically, the nbn mutation results in the abrogation of ATR-Chk1 signaling and accumulations of DNA damage in nascent hepatocytes, which eventually induces p53-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of rad50 or mre11a shows similar phenotypes. This study reveals that the activation of DDR by the MRN complex is essential for the survival of BEC-derived hepatocytes, addressing how to maintain nascent hepatocytes in the post-injured environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Song
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlong Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuofu Huang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianghui Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Linke Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Leonard EV, Hasan SS, Siekmann AF. Temporally and regionally distinct morphogenetic processes govern zebrafish caudal fin blood vessel network expansion. Development 2023; 150:dev201030. [PMID: 36938965 PMCID: PMC10113958 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels form elaborate networks that depend on tissue-specific signalling pathways and anatomical structures to guide their growth. However, it is not clear which morphogenetic principles organize the stepwise assembly of the vasculature. We therefore performed a longitudinal analysis of zebrafish caudal fin vascular assembly, revealing the existence of temporally and spatially distinct morphogenetic processes. Initially, vein-derived endothelial cells (ECs) generated arteries in a reiterative process requiring vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), Notch and cxcr4a signalling. Subsequently, veins produced veins in more proximal fin regions, transforming pre-existing artery-vein loops into a three-vessel pattern consisting of an artery and two veins. A distinct set of vascular plexuses formed at the base of the fin. They differed in their diameter, flow magnitude and marker gene expression. At later stages, intussusceptive angiogenesis occurred from veins in distal fin regions. In proximal fin regions, we observed new vein sprouts crossing the inter-ray tissue through sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our results reveal a surprising diversity among the mechanisms generating the mature fin vasculature and suggest that these might be driven by separate local cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin V. Leonard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1114 Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sana Safatul Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1114 Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Wu C, Zhang D, Chen J. Microtubules are essential for angiogenic sprout elongation in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:126-129. [PMID: 36064182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China.
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32
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Chen C, Tang Y, Tan Y, Wang L, Li H. Three-dimensional cerebral vasculature topological parameter extraction of transgenic zebrafish embryos with a filling-enhancement deep learning network. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:971-984. [PMID: 36874479 PMCID: PMC9979664 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of zebrafish cerebral vasculature is essential for the study of vascular development and disease. We developed a method to accurately extract the cerebral vasculature topological parameters of transgenic zebrafish embryos. The intermittent and hollow vascular structures of transgenic zebrafish embryos, obtained from 3D light-sheet imaging, were transformed into continuous solid structures with a filling-enhancement deep learning network. The enhancement enables the extraction of 8 vascular topological parameters accurately. Quantitation of the zebrafish cerebral vasculature vessels with the topological parameters show a developmental pattern transition from 2.5 to 5.5 dpf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230041, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - YuJun Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230041, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - LinBo Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Hui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
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33
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González-Hernández S, Mukouyama YS. Lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150775. [PMID: 37091974 PMCID: PMC10119411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is considered as an immune privilege organ, based on experiments in the mid 20th century showing that the brain fails to mount an efficient immune response against an allogeneic graft. This suggests that in addition to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the apparent absence of classical lymphatic vasculature in the CNS parenchyma limits the capacity for an immune response. Although this view is partially overturned by the recent discovery of the lymphatic-like hybrid vessels in the Schlemm's canal in the eye and the lymphatic vasculature in the outmost layer of the meninges, the existence of lymphatic vessels in the CNS parenchyma has not been reported. Two potential mechanisms by which lymphatic vasculature may arise in the organs are: 1) sprouting and invasion of lymphatic vessels from the surrounding tissues into the parenchyma and 2) differentiation of blood endothelial cells into lymphatic endothelial cells in the parenchyma. Considering these mechanisms, we here discuss what causes the dearth of lymphatic vessels specifically in the CNS parenchyma.
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34
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Yan JH, Wang YJ, Sun YR, Pei YH, Ma HW, Mu YK, Qin LH. The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:485-491. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Ma J, Gu Y, Liu J, Song J, Zhou T, Jiang M, Wen Y, Guo X, Zhou Z, Sha J, He J, Hu Z, Luo L, Liu M. Functional screening of congenital heart disease risk loci identifies 5 genes essential for heart development in zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:19. [PMID: 36574072 PMCID: PMC11073085 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and a main cause of perinatal and infant mortality. Our previous genome-wide association study identified 53 SNPs that associated with CHD in the Han Chinese population. Here, we performed functional screening of 27 orthologous genes in zebrafish using injection of antisense morpholino oligos. From this screen, 5 genes were identified as essential for heart development, including iqgap2, ptprt, ptpn22, tbck and maml3. Presumptive roles of the novel CHD-related genes include heart chamber formation (iqgap2 and ptprt) and atrioventricular canal formation (ptpn22 and tbck). While deficiency of maml3 led to defective cardiac trabeculation and consequent heart failure in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, we found that maml3 mutants showed decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation which caused a reduction in cardiac trabeculae due to inhibition of Notch signaling. Together, our study identifies 5 novel CHD-related genes that are essential for heart development in zebrafish and first demonstrates that maml3 is required for Notch signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jingmei Song
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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36
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Jiang H, Wei H, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Zhou C, Ji X. Overview of the meningeal lymphatic vessels in aging and central nervous system disorders. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:202. [PMID: 36528776 PMCID: PMC9759913 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aging process and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, the functions of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are impaired. Alterations in MLVs have been observed in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and even cerebrovascular disease. These findings reveal a new perspective on aging and CNS disorders and provide a promising therapeutic target. Additionally, recent neuropathological studies have shown that MLVs exchange soluble components between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) and drain metabolites, cellular debris, misfolded proteins, and immune cells from the CSF into the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs), directly connecting the brain with the peripheral circulation. Impairment and dysfunction of meningeal lymphatics can lead to the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain, exacerbating the progression of neurological disorders. However, for many CNS diseases, the causal relationship between MLVs and neuropathological changes is not fully clear. Here, after a brief historical retrospection, we review recent discoveries about the hallmarks of MLVs and their roles in the aging and CNS diseases, as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Huimin Wei
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xunming Ji
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
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37
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The CXCR4-CXCL12 axis promotes T cell reconstitution via efficient hematopoietic immigration. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:1138-1150. [PMID: 35483564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immunity to protect against pathogens and malignant cells. T cell immunodeficiency is detrimental, especially when T cell perturbation occurs during severe infection, irradiation, chemotherapy, and age-related thymic atrophy. Therefore, strategies that enhance T cell reconstitution provide considerable benefit and warrant intensive investigation. Here, we report the construction of a T cell ablation model in Tg(coro1a:DenNTR) zebrafish via metronidazole administration. The nascent T cells are mainly derived from the hematopoietic cells migrated from the kidney, the functional homolog of bone marrow and the complete recovery time is 6.5 days post-treatment. The cxcr4b gene is upregulated in the responsive hematopoietic cells. Functional interference of CXCR4 via both genetic and chemical manipulations does not greatly affect T lymphopoiesis, but delays T cell regeneration by disrupting hematopoietic migration. In contrast, cxcr4b accelerates the replenishment of hematopoietic cells in the thymus. Consistently, Cxcl12b, a ligand of Cxcr4, is increased in the thymic epithelial cells of the injured animals. Decreased or increased expression of Cxcl12b results in compromised or accelerated T cell recovery, respectively, similar to those observed with Cxcr4b. Taken together, our study reveals a role of CXCR4-CXCL12 signaling in promoting T cell recovery and provides a promising target for the treatment of immunodeficiency due to T cell injury.
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38
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Yang Y, Li Y, Fu J, Li Y, Li S, Ni R, Yang Q, Luo L. Intestinal precursors avoid being misinduced to liver cells by activating Cdx-Wnt inhibition cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205110119. [PMID: 36396123 PMCID: PMC9659337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During coordinated development of two neighboring organs from the same germ layer, how precursors of one organ resist the inductive signals of the other to avoid being misinduced to wrong cell fate remains a general question in developmental biology. The liver and anterior intestinal precursors located in close proximity along the gut axis represent a typical example. Here we identify a zebrafish leberwurst (lbw) mutant with a unique hepatized intestine phenotype, exhibiting replacement of anterior intestinal cells by liver cells. lbw encodes the Cdx1b homeoprotein, which is specifically expressed in the intestine, and its precursor cells. Mechanistically, in the intestinal precursors, Cdx1b binds to genomic DNA at the regulatory region of secreted frizzled related protein 5 (sfrp5) to activate sfrp5 transcription. Sfrp5 blocks the mesoderm-derived, liver-inductive Wnt2bb signal, thus conferring intestinal precursor cells resistance to Wnt2bb. These results demonstrate that the intestinal precursors avoid being misinduced toward hepatic lineages through the activation of the Cdx1b-Sfrp5 cascade, implicating Cdx/Sfrp5 as a potential pharmacological target for the manipulation of intestinal-hepatic bifurcations, and shedding light on the general question of how precursor cells resist incorrect inductive signals during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jialong Fu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
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39
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Xu JQ, Liu QQ, Huang SY, Duan CY, Lu HB, Cao Y, Hu JZ. The lymphatic system: a therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1249-1256. [PMID: 36453401 PMCID: PMC9838139 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature forms an organized network that covers the whole body and is involved in fluid homeostasis, metabolite clearance, and immune surveillance. The recent identification of functional lymphatic vessels in the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord has provided novel insights into neurophysiology. They emerge as major pathways for fluid exchange. The abundance of immune cells in lymphatic vessels and meninges also suggests that lymphatic vessels are actively involved in neuroimmunity. The lymphatic system, through its role in the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, autoimmune cell infiltration, and the transmission of pro-inflammatory signals, participates in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and traumatic injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor C is the master regulator of lymphangiogenesis, a process that is critical for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and recent advances relating to the anatomical features and immunological functions of the lymphatic system of the central nervous system and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders and central nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian-Qi Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun-Yue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Correspondence to: Yong Cao, or ; Hong-Bin Lu, ; Jian-Zhong Hu, .
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Correspondence to: Yong Cao, or ; Hong-Bin Lu, ; Jian-Zhong Hu, .
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Correspondence to: Yong Cao, or ; Hong-Bin Lu, ; Jian-Zhong Hu, .
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40
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Tu T, Peng Z, Song Z, Ma Y, Zhang H. New insight into DAVF pathology—Clues from meningeal immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858924. [PMID: 36189220 PMCID: PMC9520480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the current access in techniques, studies have significantly advanced the knowledge on meningeal immunity, revealing that the central nervous system (CNS) border acts as an immune landscape. The latest concept of meningeal immune system is a tertiary structure, which is a comprehensive overview of the meningeal immune system from macro to micro. We comprehensively reviewed recent advances in meningeal immunity, particularly the new understanding of the dural sinus and meningeal lymphatics. Moreover, based on the clues from the meningeal immunity, new insights were proposed into the dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) pathology, aiming to provide novel ideas for DAVF understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Peng
- Department of Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zihao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjie Ma, ; Hongqi Zhang,
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjie Ma, ; Hongqi Zhang,
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41
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Pamiparib Induces Neurodevelopmental Defects and Cerebral Haemorrhage in Zebrafish Embryos via Inhibiting Notch Signalling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6652-6665. [PMID: 35982279 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pamiparib is a poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor used in clinical studies, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier efficiently. At present, there are few studies on its effect on vertebrate neurodevelopment. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 1, 2 and 3 µM of Pamiparib from 6 to 72 h post-fertilisation (hpf). Results showed that pamiparib can specifically induce cerebral haemorrhage, brain atrophy and movement disorders in fish larvae. In addition, pamiparib exposure leads to downregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) activities, and upregulation of oxidative stress which then leads to apoptosis and disrupts the gene expression involved in the neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter pathways and Parkinson's disease (PD) like symptoms. Meanwhile, astaxanthin can partially rescue neurodevelopmental defects by downregulating oxidative stress. After exposure to pamiparib, the Notch signalling is downregulated, and the use of an activator of Notch signalling can partially rescue neurodevelopmental toxicity. Therefore, our research indicates that pamiparib may induce zebrafish neurotoxicity by downregulating Notch signalling and provides a reference for the potential neurotoxicity of pamiparib during embryonic development.
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Dai W, Yang M, Xia P, Xiao C, Huang S, Zhang Z, Cheng X, Li W, Jin J, Zhang J, Wu B, Zhang Y, Wu PH, Lin Y, Wu W, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Lin WJ, Ye X. A functional role of meningeal lymphatics in sex difference of stress susceptibility in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4825. [PMID: 35974004 PMCID: PMC9381547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental health conditions. Meningeal lymphatics are essential for drainage of molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid to the peripheral immune system. Their potential role in depression-like behaviour has not been investigated. Here, we show in mice, sub-chronic variable stress as a model of depression-like behaviour impairs meningeal lymphatics in females but not in males. Manipulations of meningeal lymphatics regulate the sex difference in the susceptibility to stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice, as well as alterations of the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral tegmental area, brain regions critical for emotional regulation. Together, our findings suggest meningeal lymphatic impairment contributes to susceptibility to stress in mice, and that restoration of the meningeal lymphatics might have potential for modulation of depression-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Dai
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqian Yang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xia
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Huang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hui Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Caron A, Trzuskot L, Lindsey BW. Uncovering the spectrum of adult zebrafish neural stem cell cycle regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941893. [PMID: 35846369 PMCID: PMC9277145 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) persist lifelong in teleost models in diverse stem cell niches of the brain and spinal cord. Fish maintain developmental stem cell populations throughout life, including both neuro-epithelial cells (NECs) and radial-glial cells (RGCs). Within stem cell domains of the brain, RGCs persist in a cycling or quiescent state, whereas NECs continuously divide. Heterogeneous populations of RGCs also sit adjacent the central canal of the spinal cord, showing infrequent proliferative activity under homeostasis. With the rise of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to study adult neurogenesis and neuroregeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), it has become evident that aNSPC proliferation is regulated by a wealth of stimuli that may be coupled with biological function. Growing evidence suggests that aNSPCs are sensitive to environmental cues, social interactions, nutrient availability, and neurotrauma for example, and that distinct stem and progenitor cell populations alter their cell cycle activity accordingly. Such stimuli appear to act as triggers to either turn on normally dormant aNSPCs or modulate constitutive rates of niche-specific cell cycle behaviour. Defining the various forms of stimuli that influence RGC and NEC proliferation, and identifying the molecular regulators responsible, will strengthen our understanding of the connection between aNSPC activity and their biological significance. In this review, we aim to bring together the current state of knowledge on aNSPCs from studies investigating the zebrafish CNS, while highlighting emerging cell cycle regulators and outstanding questions that will help to advance this fascinating field of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Caron
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Regeneration, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lidia Trzuskot
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Regeneration, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Lindsey
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Regeneration, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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44
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Chen J, He J, Luo L. Brain vascular damage-induced lymphatic ingrowth is directed by Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a. Development 2022; 149:275687. [PMID: 35694896 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, promotion of vascular regeneration without causing uncontrolled vessel growth appears to be the major challenge for pro-angiogenic therapies. The molecular mechanisms underlying how nascent blood vessels (BVs) are correctly guided into the post-ischemic infarction area remain unknown. Here, using a zebrafish cerebrovascular injury model, we show that chemokine signaling provides crucial guidance cues to determine the growing direction of ingrown lymphatic vessels (iLVs) and, in turn, that of nascent BVs. The chemokine receptor Cxcr4a is transcriptionally activated in the iLVs after injury, whereas its ligand Cxcl12b is expressed in the residual central BVs, the destinations of iLV ingrowth. Mutant and mosaic studies indicate that Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a-mediated chemotaxis is necessary and sufficient to determine the growing direction of iLVs and nascent BVs. This study provides a molecular basis for how the vessel directionality of cerebrovascular regeneration is properly determined, suggesting potential application of Cxcl12b/Cxcr4a in the development of post-ischemic pro-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China
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45
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Xu Y, Luo L, Chen J. Sulfamethoxazole induces brain capillaries toxicity in zebrafish by up-regulation of VEGF and chemokine signalling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113620. [PMID: 35561544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widespread broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic. Its residual is frequently detected in the water and may therefore bioaccumulate in the brain of aquatic organisms via blood circulation. Brain capillaries toxicity is very important for brain development. However, little information is available in the literature to show the toxicity of SMX to brain development. To study the SMX's brain toxic effects and the related mechanisms, we exposed zebrafish embryos to SMX at different concentrations (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 25 ppm, 100 ppm and 250 ppm) and found that high concentration (250 ppm) of SMX would not only caused an abnormal in malformation rate, hatching rate, body length and survival rate of zebrafish embryos, but also lead to brain oedema. In addition, SMX also induced cerebral ischaemia, aggravates oxidative stress, and changes genes related to oxidative stress (sod1, cat, gpx4, and nrf2). Furthermore, ischaemia caused by SMX could promote ectopic angiogenesis in brain via activating the angiogenesis-related genes (vegfab, cxcr4a, cxcl12b) from 24 h to 53 h. Inhibition of VEGF signalling by SU5416, or inhibition of chemokine downstream PI3K signalling by LY294002, could rescue the brain capillaries toxicity and brain oedema induced by SMX. Our results provide new evidence for the brain toxicity of SMX and its residual danger in the environment and aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China; Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China.
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46
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Xuan X, Zhou G, Chen C, Shao A, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhou J. Glymphatic System: Emerging Therapeutic Target for Neurological Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6189170. [PMID: 35726332 PMCID: PMC9206554 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6189170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The newly discovered glymphatic system acts as pseudolymphatic vessels subserving brain waste clearance and is functionally dependent on astrocytic aquaporin-4 channels. The glymphatic system primarily functions during sleep as an interchange between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid, with cerebrospinal fluid flowing into the parenchyma via the perivascular spaces and then exchanging with interstitial fluid. The discovery of meningeal lymphatics helps refine the conceptual framework of glymphatic pathway, as certain waste products collected alongside perivascular spaces ultimately drain into the cervical lymph nodes via meningeal lymphatics, whose function regulates the functioning of the glymphatic system. The glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems are critical for the homeostasis of central nervous system, and their malfunctions complicate cerebral dysfunction and diseases. The present review will shed light on the structure, regulation, functions, and interrelationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics. We will also expound on their impairments and corresponding targeted intervention in neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and infectious/autoimmune diseases, offering valuable references for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xuan
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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47
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Crilly S, McMahon E, Kasher PR. Zebrafish for modeling stroke and their applicability for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:559-568. [PMID: 35587689 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2072828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health burden of stroke is significant and few therapeutic treatment options currently exist for patients. Pre-clinical research relies heavily on rodent stroke models but the limitations associated with using these systems alone has meant translation of drug compounds to the clinic has not been greatly successful to date. Zebrafish disease modeling offers a potentially complementary platform for pre-clinical compound screening to aid the drug discovery process for translational stroke research. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors introduce stroke and describe the issues associated with the current pre-clinical drug development pipeline and the advantages that zebrafish disease modeling can offer. Existing zebrafish models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are reviewed. Examples of how zebrafish models have been utilized for drug discovery in other disease disciplines are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Zebrafish disease modeling holds the capacity and potential to significantly enhance the stroke drug development pipeline. However, for this system to be more widely accepted and incorporated into translational stroke research, continued improvement of the existing zebrafish stroke models, as well as focussed collaboration between zebrafish and stroke researchers, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Crilly
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily McMahon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul R Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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48
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Role of Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation in Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101692. [PMID: 35626729 PMCID: PMC9139870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of lipids and interstitial fluid and regulating the immune cell development and functions. Developmental anomaly-induced lymphatic dysfunction is associated with various pathological conditions, including lymphedema, inflammation, and cancer. Most lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are derived from a subset of endothelial cells in the cardinal vein. However, recent studies have reported that the developmental origin of LECs is heterogeneous. Multiple regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic pathways, are involved in lymphatic development and functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the epigenetic regulation of transcription is critical for embryonic LEC development and functions. In addition to the chromatin structures, epigenetic modifications may modulate transcriptional signatures during the development or differentiation of LECs. Therefore, the understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development and function of the lymphatic system can aid in the management of various congenital or acquired lymphatic disorders. Future studies must determine the role of other epigenetic factors and changes in mammalian lymphatic development and function. Here, the recent findings on key factors involved in the development of the lymphatic system and their epigenetic regulation, LEC origins from different organs, and lymphatic diseases are reviewed.
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Sun J, Chen Q, Ma J. Notch–Sox9 Axis Mediates Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation in KrasG12V-Induced Zebrafish Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094705. [PMID: 35563098 PMCID: PMC9103821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in humans. Hepatocytes normally undergo dedifferentiation after the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma, which in turn facilitates the progression of cancer. Although the process of hepatocellular carcinoma dedifferentiation is of significant research and clinical value, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it are still not fully characterized. We constructed a zebrafish liver cancer model based on overexpression of the oncogene krasG12V to investigate the hepatocyte dedifferentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that, after hepatocarcinogenesis, hepatocytes dedifferentiated and the Notch signaling pathway was upregulated in this progress. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway or deficiency of sox9b both prevented hepatocyte dedifferentiation following hepatocellular carcinoma induction, reducing cancer metastasis and improving survival. In conclusion, we found that hepatocytes undergo dedifferentiation after hepatocarcinogenesis, a process that requires Notch signaling and likewise the activation of Sox9.
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Tel2 regulates redifferentiation of bipotential progenitor cells via Hhex during zebrafish liver regeneration. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110596. [PMID: 35385752 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon extensive hepatocyte loss or impaired hepatocyte proliferation, liver regeneration occurs via biliary epithelial cell (BEC) transdifferentiation, which includes dedifferentiation of BECs into bipotential progenitor cells (BP-PCs) and then redifferentiation of BP-PCs to nascent hepatocytes and BECs. This BEC-driven liver regeneration involves reactivation of hepatoblast markers, but the underpinning mechanisms and their effects on liver regeneration remain largely unknown. Using a zebrafish extensive hepatocyte ablation model, we perform an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) forward genetic screen and identify a liver regeneration mutant, liver logan (lvl), in which the telomere maintenance 2 (tel2) gene is mutated. During liver regeneration, the tel2 mutation specifically inhibits transcriptional activation of a hepatoblast marker, hematopoietically expressed homeobox (hhex), in BEC-derived cells, which blocks BP-PC redifferentiation. Mechanistic studies show that Tel2 associates with the hhex promoter region and promotes hhex transcription. Our results reveal roles of Tel2 in the BP-PC redifferentiation process of liver regeneration by activating hhex.
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