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Jandacek R, Liu M, Tso P. Interactions of Body Weight Loss with Lipophilic Toxin Storage: Commentary. J Nutr 2024; 154:801-803. [PMID: 38244860 PMCID: PMC10942849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of obesity and surplus body fat has been observed in wealthy countries for many decades. It is generally recognized that these excesses contribute to serious disease states, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the adipose tissue stores relatively safely many environmental lipophilic toxins. However, rapid weight loss mobilizes these toxins to the blood to be exposed to vital organs, such as the brain, lungs, and others. With the introduction of potent diabetic drugs causing rapid weight reduction, the question of mobilization of lipophilic toxins to the blood should be considered. In this commentary, we raised this mobilization of adipose tissue toxins to the readers. Also, we discussed how these toxins may be eliminated from the body through the use of nondigestible fat, such as olestra or lipase inhibitors, such as Xenical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center Reading Campus, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center Reading Campus, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center Reading Campus, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Liu C, Hou HS. Physical exercise and persistent organic pollutants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19661. [PMID: 37809764 PMCID: PMC10558913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) incessantly has become an important threat to individual health, which is closely related to neurodevelopment, endocrine and cardiovascular homeostasis. Exercise, on the other hand, has been consistently shown to improve physical fitness. Whereas associations between traditional air pollutants, exercise and lung function have been thoroughly reviewed, reviews on associations between persistent organic pollutants and exercise are scarce. Hence, a literature review focused on exercise, exposure to POPs, and health risk assessment was performed for studies published from 2004 to 2022. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of exposure pathways and levels of POPs during exercise, as well as the impact of exercise on health concerns attributable to the redistribution, metabolism, and excretion of POPs in vivo. Therein lies a broader array of exercise benefits, including insulin sensitizing, mitochondrial DNA repair, lipid metabolism and intestinal microecological balance. Physical exercise is conducive to reduce POPs body burden and resistant to health hazards of POPs generally. Besides, individual lipid metabolism condition is a critical factor in evaluating potential link in exercise, POPs and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of P.E, Minzu University of China, # 27, South Street Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui sheng Hou
- College of P.E, Minzu University of China, # 27, South Street Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, China
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3
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da Silva DAM, Colabuono FI, Taniguchi S, Petry MV, Montone RC. Persistent organic pollutant patterns in seabirds from marine protected areas in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114461. [PMID: 36529017 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants were investigated in the blood of living seabirds (Pterodroma arminjoniana, Onychoprion fuscatus, Sula dactylatra, Anous minutus, Anous stolidus and Sula leucogaster) from two Brazilian Conservation Units - Trindade Island and São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago. ∑PCBs (0.55 to 55.09 ng/g wet weight (ww), ∑DDTs (0.01 to 17.36 ng/g ww) and Mirex (0.01 to 5.53 ng/g ww) were predominant in all samples. Trindade petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana presented higher values than other seabirds, which is potentially related to diet and migratory behavior. Fluctuations in the trophic ecology data, through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, warn of temporal variation in diet and foraging and highlight the importance of using a nondestructive matrix to allow long-term monitoring of POP contamination in seabirds from Brazilian Conservation Units. In addition, the data will fill the gaps in the POP baselines for seabirds from the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alves Maia da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Imperatrice Colabuono
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950 - Cristo Rei, 93022750 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
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Nettore IC, Franchini F, Palatucci G, Macchia PE, Ungaro P. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111716. [PMID: 34829943 PMCID: PMC8615468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), termed “obesogens”. These are a heterogeneous group of exogenous compounds that can interfere in the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and adipose tissue structure. Oral intake, inhalation, and dermal absorption represent the major sources of human exposure to these EDCs. Recently, epigenetic changes such as the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA, post-translational modification of histones, and microRNA expression have been considered to act as an intermediary between deleterious effects of EDCs and obesity development in susceptible individuals. Specifically, EDCs exposure during early-life development can detrimentally affect individuals via inducing epigenetic modifications that can permanently change the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the next generations and predisposing them to a multitude of diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and their ability to interfere with the control of energy metabolism and adipose tissue regulation, resulting in imbalances in the control of body weight, which can lead to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Fabiana Franchini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR “G. Salvatore”, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-770-4795
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5
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Golubnitschaja O, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Biringer K, Büsselberg D, Podbielska H, Kunin AA, Evsevyeva ME, Shapira N, Paul F, Erb C, Dietrich DE, Felbel D, Karabatsiakis A, Bubnov R, Polivka J, Polivka J, Birkenbihl C, Fröhlich H, Hofmann-Apitius M, Kubatka P. Caution, "normal" BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight-EPMA Position Paper 2021. EPMA J 2021; 12:243-264. [PMID: 34422142 PMCID: PMC8368050 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing interest in a healthy lifestyle raises questions about optimal body weight. Evidently, it should be clearly discriminated between the standardised "normal" body weight and individually optimal weight. To this end, the basic principle of personalised medicine "one size does not fit all" has to be applied. Contextually, "normal" but e.g. borderline body mass index might be optimal for one person but apparently suboptimal for another one strongly depending on the individual genetic predisposition, geographic origin, cultural and nutritional habits and relevant lifestyle parameters-all included into comprehensive individual patient profile. Even if only slightly deviant, both overweight and underweight are acknowledged risk factors for a shifted metabolism which, if being not optimised, may strongly contribute to the development and progression of severe pathologies. Development of innovative screening programmes is essential to promote population health by application of health risks assessment, individualised patient profiling and multi-parametric analysis, further used for cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The following healthcare areas are considered to be potentially strongly benefiting from the above proposed measures: suboptimal health conditions, sports medicine, stress overload and associated complications, planned pregnancies, periodontal health and dentistry, sleep medicine, eye health and disorders, inflammatory disorders, healing and pain management, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, psychiatric and neurologic disorders, stroke of known and unknown aetiology, improved individual and population outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. In a long-term way, a significantly improved healthcare economy is one of benefits of the proposed paradigm shift from reactive to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM/3PM). A tight collaboration between all stakeholders including scientific community, healthcare givers, patient organisations, policy-makers and educators is essential for the smooth implementation of 3PM concepts in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anatolij A. Kunin
- Departments of Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | | | - Niva Shapira
- Nutrition Department, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Centre, Experimental and Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl Erb
- Private Institute of Applied Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef E. Dietrich
- European Depression Association, Brussels, Belgium
- AMEOS Clinical Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 31135 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Felbel
- Fachklinik Kinder und Jugendliche Psychiatrie, AMEOS Klinikum Hildesheim, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus für Pflege der FOM Hochschule Essen, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology II, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rostyslav Bubnov
- Ultrasound Department, Clinical Hospital “Pheophania”, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University and University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Birkenbihl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- UCB Biosciences GmbH, Alfred-Nobel Str. 10, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Centre for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Han SJ, Lee SH. Nontraditional Risk Factors for Obesity in Modern Society. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:93-103. [PMID: 34011693 PMCID: PMC8277595 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity, which have rapidly increased around the world in recent years, are significant health problems. They can lead to various morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, some types of cancer, and even death. Obesity is caused by an energy imbalance due to excessive calorie intake and insufficient energy consumption, and genetic factors and individual behavioral problems are also known to be major contributing factors. However, these are insufficient to explain the surge in obesity that has occurred in recent decades. Recent studies have suggested that environmental factors arising from the process of socioeconomic development and modernization contribute to this phenomenon. These environmental factors include light pollution due to artificial lighting, air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and reduced exposure to green spaces due to urbanization of residential areas. In this manuscript, the findings and mechanisms of these novel risk factors causing overweight and obesity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Donato F, Moneda M, Portolani N, Rossini A, Molfino S, Ministrini S, Contessi GB, Pesenti S, De Palma G, Gaia A, Zanardini E, Sileo CV, Magoni M. Polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the population living in a highly polluted area in Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3064. [PMID: 33542320 PMCID: PMC7862237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are human carcinogens, based on sufficient evidence for melanoma and limited evidence for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and breast cancer. Few data are available for liver cancer, although PCBs cause it in rats and determined liver damage in poisoned people. We investigated the association between PCB serum levels and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a case-control study in a PCB-polluted area in North Italy. We enrolled prospectively 102 HCC incident cases and 102 age and gender-matched hospital controls. Serum concentrations of 33 PCB congeners were determined by a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry. Of 102 HCC cases, 62 who had lost < 3 kg of body weight in past 3 years were included in the analysis (67.7% males, mean age 68 years). The odds ratio (OR) for HCC for 3rd compared to 1st tertile of PCB distribution was 1.76 (95% confidence interval 0.62-5.03) for total PCB, adjusting for socio-demographic variables and risk factors for HCC by logistic regression. For most PCB congeners, ORs > 1.5 or 2 were found, although the 95% CIs included the null value for almost all of them. This preliminary study suggests that PCBs might play a role in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Moneda
- Post-Graduate School of Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Rossini
- Hepatology Unit, Spedali Civili General Hospital, ASST (Territorial Socio-Sanitary Agency) Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sarah Molfino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Ministrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Contessi
- Hepatology Unit, Spedali Civili General Hospital, ASST (Territorial Socio-Sanitary Agency) Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesenti
- Hepatology Unit, Spedali Civili General Hospital, ASST (Territorial Socio-Sanitary Agency) Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST (Territorial Socio-Sanitary Agency) Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Gaia
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST (Territorial Socio-Sanitary Agency) Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Zanardini
- Post-Graduate School of Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Magoni
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy
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Potential therapeutic applications of the gut microbiome in obesity: from brain function to body detoxification. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1818-1831. [PMID: 32523034 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising every year and associated comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a potential target for therapeutic applications to prevent and treat those comorbidities. In this review, we focus on three conditions related to obesity in which the use of gut microbiota modulators could have benefits; mood disorders, eating behaviors, and body detoxification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). On one hand, modulation of gut-derived signals to the brain in a context of obesity is involved in the development of neuroinflammation and can subsequently alter behaviors. An altered gut microbiome could change these signals and alleviate their consequences. On the other hand, obesity is associated with an increased accumulation of lipophilic contaminants, such as POPs. Targeting the microbiota could help body detoxication by reducing bioavailability, enhancing degradation by bioremediation or their excretion through the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, a supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics could represent a complementary strategy to current ones, such as medication and lifestyle modifications, to decrease depression, alter eating behaviors, and lower body burden of pollutants considering the actual obesity epidemic our society is facing.
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10
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Humphrey KM, Pandey S, Martin J, Hagoel T, Grand'Maison A, Ohm JE. Establishing a role for environmental toxicant exposure induced epigenetic remodeling in malignant transformation. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:86-94. [PMID: 30453042 PMCID: PMC6522338 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide variety of environmental exposures throughout their lifespan. These include both naturally occurring toxins and chemical toxicants like pesticides, herbicides, and industrial chemicals, many of which have been implicated as possible contributors to human disease susceptibility [1-3]. We, and others, have hypothesized that environmental exposures may cause adaptive epigenetic changes in regenerative cell populations and developing organisms, leading to abnormal gene expression and increased disease susceptibility later in life [3]. Common epigenetic changes include changes in miRNA expression, covalent histone modifications, and methylation of DNA. Importantly, due to their heritable nature, abnormal epigenetic modifications which occur within stem cells may be particularly deleterious. Abnormal epigenetic changes in regenerative cell linages can be passed onto a large population of daughter cells and can persist for long periods of time. It is well established that an accumulation of epigenetic changes can lead to many human diseases including cancer [4-6]. Subsequently, it is imperative that we increase our understanding of how common environmental toxins and toxicants can induce epigenetic changes, particularly in stem cell populations. In this review, we will discuss how common environmental exposures in the United States and around the world may lead to epigenetic changes and discuss potential links to human disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Humphrey
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sumali Pandey
- Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, United States
| | - Jeffery Martin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tamara Hagoel
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anne Grand'Maison
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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11
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Castillo-Castañeda PC, García-González A, Bencomo-Alvarez AE, Barros-Nuñez P, Gaxiola-Robles R, Méndez-Rodríguez LC, Zenteno-Savín T. Micronutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activities in human breast milk. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:36-41. [PMID: 30466936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk contains micronutrients that function as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. High concentrations of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and the concentration of the micronutrients Fe, Cu and zinc (Zn) in breast milk. Breast milk samples were collected from 108 mothers (7-10 days postpartum, transitional milk). The samples were grouped into three groups according to the number of pregnancies (one, two and three or more pregnancies), also grouped according to the body mass index (BMI) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Breast milk Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was determined by spectrophotometry. An increase in GPx, SOD and GST activities in relation to the number of pregnancies was found (p = 0.05, p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). An inverse relationship between GST activity and BMI was found (p = 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Cu and Zn concentrations (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between Cu concentration and catalase activity (r = -0.22, p < 0.05); Fe content was negatively correlated with GPx and GST activities (r = -0.32, r = -0.22, respectively, p < 0.05). The activities of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD and GST) may be affected by the number of pregnancies and contribute to prevent oxidation of nutritional molecules in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carolina Castillo-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo García-González
- Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Enrique Bencomo-Alvarez
- Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Patricio Barros-Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Sector Libertad, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Ramón Gaxiola-Robles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico; Hospital General de Zona No.1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Col. Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Lía Celina Méndez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Effects of a 6-month caloric restriction induced-weight loss program in obese postmenopausal women with and without the metabolic syndrome: a MONET study. Menopause 2018; 24:908-915. [PMID: 28399005 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a caloric restriction (CR) on body composition, lipid profile, and glucose homeostasis in obese postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Secondary analyses were performed on 73 inactive obese postmenopausal women (age 57.7 ± 4.8 years; body mass index 32.4 ± 4.6 kg/m) who participated in the 6-month CR arm of a study of the Montreal-Ottawa New Emerging Team. The harmonized MetS definition was used to categorize participants with MetS (n = 20, 27.39%) and without MetS (n = 53, 72.61%). Variables of interest were: body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), body fat distribution (computed tomography scan), glucose homeostasis at fasting state and during a euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp, fasting lipids, and resting blood pressure. RESULTS By design, the MetS group had a worse cardiometabolic profile, whereas both groups were comparable for age. Fifty-five participants out of 73 displayed no change in MetS status after the intervention. Twelve participants out of 20 (or 60.0%) in the MetS group had no more MetS after weight loss (P = NS), whereas 6 participants out of 53 (or 11.3%) in the other group developed the MetS after the intervention (P = NS). Overall, indices of body composition and body fat distribution improved significantly and similarly in both groups (P between 0.03 and 0.0001). Furthermore, with the exception of triglyceride levels and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, which decrease significantly more in the MetS group (P ≤ 0.05), no difference was observed between groups for the other variables of the cardiometabolic profile. CONCLUSIONS Despite no overall significant effects on MetS, heteregeneous results were obtained in response to weight loss in the present study, with some improving the MetS, whereas other displaying deteriorations. Further studies are needed to identify factors and phenotypes associated with positive and negative cardiometabolic responses to CR intervention.
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He F, Zuo L, Ward E, Arciero PJ. Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyls Increase and Oxidative Stress Decreases with a Protein-Pacing Caloric Restriction Diet in Obese Men and Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010059. [PMID: 28075418 PMCID: PMC5295310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purposes were to compare the effects of a: (1) 12-week P-CR weight loss (WL) diet (Phase 1) between obese men and women and; (2) 52-week modified P-CR (mP-CR) vs. heart healthy (HH) weight maintenance (WM) diet (Phase 2) on serum PCBs and oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS; total antioxidant capacity, TAC) in 40 obese participants (men, n = 21; women, n = 19). Participants received dietary counseling and monitoring of compliance. PCBs, TBARS, and TAC were assessed at weeks -1 (CON), 12 (WL), and 64 (WM). Following WL (Week 12), concomitant with reductions in TBARS (0.24 ± 0.15 vs. 0.18 ± 0.11 µM; p < 0.01), PCB serum concentrations (86.7 ± 45.6 vs. 115.6 ± 65.9 ng/g lipid; p < 0.01) and TAC (18.9 ± 2.6 vs. 19.9 ± 2.3 nmol/mL; p < 0.02) were increased similarly in men and women. At the end of WM (Week 64), a significant effect of time × group interaction was observed for % change in PCB 170 and 187; whereby mP-CR values were higher compared to HH (PCB170: 19.31% ± 26.48% vs. -6.61% ± 28.88%, p = 0.02; PCB187: -3.04% ± 17.78% vs. -21.4% ± 27.31%, p = 0.04). PCB changes were positively correlated with TBARS levels (r > 0.42, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with body weight, fat mass, and abdominal fat (r < -0.46, p < 0.02). Our results support mobilization of stored PCBs as well as enhanced redox status following a 12-week P-CR WL diet. Additionally, a 52-week mP-CR WM diet demonstrated an advantage in preventing weight gain relapse accompanied by an increase in circulating PCBs compared to a traditional HH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico, Chico, CA 95929, USA.
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Emery Ward
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
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Rutkowska AZ, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental toxins. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:948-58. [PMID: 27559705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, heterogeneous, and multifactorial endocrine disorder in premenopausal women. The pathophysiology of this endocrinopathy is still unclear; however, the heterogeneity of its features within ethnic races, geographic location, and families suggests that environment and lifestyle are of prime importance. This work is mainly focused on the possible role of the most common and studied environmental toxins for this syndrome in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, which belong to the categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), affect humans' health in everyday, industrialized life; therefore special attention should be paid to such exposure. Timing of exposure to EDCs is crucial for the intensity of adverse health effects. It is now evident that fetuses, infants, and/or young children are the most susceptible groups, especially in the early development periods. Prenatal exposure to EDCs that mimic endogenous hormones may contribute to the altered fetal programming and in consequence lead to PCOS and other adverse health effects, potentially transgenerationally. Acute or prolonged exposure to EDCs and AGEs through different life cycle stages may result in destabilization of the hormonal homeostasis and lead to disruption of reproductive functions. They may also interfere with metabolic alterations such as obesity, insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia that can exacerbate the PCOS phenotype and contribute to PCOS consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since wide exposure to environmental toxins and their role in the pathophysiology of PCOS are supported by extensive data derived from diverse scientific models, protective strategies and strong recommendations should be considered to reduce human exposure to protect present and future generations from their adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center of Excellence, Medical School University of Athens, EUROCLINIC, Athens, Greece.
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Nappi F, Barrea L, Di Somma C, Savanelli MC, Muscogiuri G, Orio F, Savastano S. Endocrine Aspects of Environmental "Obesogen" Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080765. [PMID: 27483295 PMCID: PMC4997451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests the causal link between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the global obesity epidemics, in the context in the so-called “obesogenic environment”. Dietary intake of contaminated foods and water, especially in association with unhealthy eating pattern, and inhalation of airborne pollutants represent the major sources of human exposure to EDCs. This is of particular concern in view of the potential impact of obesity on chronic non-transmissible diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hormone-sensitive cancers. The key concept is the identification of adipose tissue not only as a preferential site of storage of EDCs, but also as an endocrine organ and, as such, susceptible to endocrine disruption. The timing of exposure to EDCs is critical to the outcome of that exposure, with early lifetime exposures (e.g., fetal or early postnatal) particularly detrimental because of their permanent effects on obesity later in life. Despite that the mechanisms operating in EDCs effects might vary enormously, this minireview is aimed to provide a general overview on the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and EDCs, briefly describing the endocrine mechanisms linking EDCs exposure and latent onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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