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Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Bosnjak ZJ. Clinical Relevance of lncRNA and Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidants as Therapeutic Options in Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040898. [PMID: 37107272 PMCID: PMC10135521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic imbalances and persistent hyperglycemia are widely recognized as driving forces for augmented cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus (DM), fostering the development of vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, specific therapeutic approaches capable of modulating oxidative milieu may provide a preventative and/or therapeutic benefit against the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes patients. Recent studies have demonstrated epigenetic alterations in circulating and tissue-specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures in vascular complications of DM regulating mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. Intriguingly, over the past decade mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for managing oxidative stress-induced diseases. Here, we review the present status of lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker and potential regulator of oxidative stress in vascular complications of DM. We also discuss the recent advances in using MTAs in different animal models and clinical trials. We summarize the prospects and challenges for the use of MTAs in treating vascular diseases and their application in translation medicine, which may be beneficial in MTA drug design development, and their application in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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2
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Ke J, Pan J, Lin H, Gu J. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief summary on lipid toxicity. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:776-790. [PMID: 36369594 PMCID: PMC10053269 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious epidemic around the globe, and cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of deaths in patients with DM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a cardiac dysfunction derived from DM without the presence of coronary artery diseases and hypertension. Patients with either type 1 or type 2 DM are at high risk of developing DCM and even heart failure. Metabolic disorders of obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic environments result in dyslipidaemia and subsequent lipid-induced toxicity (lipotoxicity) in organs including the heart. Although various mechanisms have been proposed underlying DCM, it remains incompletely understood how lipotoxicity alters cardiac function and how DM induces clinical heart syndrome. With recent progress, we here summarize the latest discoveries on lipid-induced cardiac toxicity in diabetic hearts and discuss the underlying therapies and controversies in clinical DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Ke
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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3
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Katekar R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Cissus quadrangularis extract mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAAS activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Biomarkers 2022; 27:743-752. [PMID: 35896310 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease, and its progression is accompanied by hyperglycemia, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. Cissus quadrangularis, a traditional medicinal plant, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid. It is used to treat osteoporosis, asthma, haemorrhoids, and menstrual disorders. In the current research, we have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) against a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin-induced DCM by estimating cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers and ROS production.Material and methodsRats were fed with an HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single-shot low-dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p.). The treatment was performed by EECQ (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for six weeks. ResultsThe extract EECQ improves glucose, insulin tolerance tests, and hypercholesteremia. DCM is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac biomarkers CKMB, and LDH, which were attenuated by the EECQ treatment. The hypertrophic biomarker ANP, BNP expression and cardiomyocyte surface area were decreased by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ also alleviated the biomarkers Angiotensin II and renin level. EECQ also reduced oxidative stress, ROS production and cardiac inflammation.ConclusionThus, these findings suggested that EECQ could be used as a possible therapeutic regiment to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
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Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts: The Promising Regulators in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2531458. [PMID: 35450404 PMCID: PMC9017569 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2531458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a serious complication of diabetes, causes structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and eventually progresses to heart failure. Currently, there is no specific treatment for DCM. Studies have proved that mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key factors for the development and progression of DCM. The mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are a unique domain formed by physical contacts between mitochondria and ER and mediate organelle communication. Under high glucose conditions, changes in the distance and composition of MAMs lead to abnormal intracellular signal transduction, which will affect the physiological function of MAMs, such as alter the Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal apoptosis. Therefore, the dysfunction of MAMs is closely related to the pathogenesis of DCM. In this review, we summarized the evidence for the role of MAMs in DCM and described that MAMs participated directly or indirectly in the regulation of the pathophysiological process of DCM via the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and technical limitations of MAMs-associated proteins (such as MFN2, FUNDC1, and GSK3β) as potential therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Liu K, Liu D, Cui W. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6121407. [PMID: 35399643 PMCID: PMC8991389 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After acute myocardial infarction, early restoration of myocardial perfusion by thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective way to reduce the size of myocardial infarction and improve clinical outcomes. However, recovery of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium may cause ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a phenomenon that instead reduces the efficacy of myocardial reperfusion. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and has shown remarkable efficacy. Many studies have shown that some TCMs and their active components can exert protective effects against myocardial I/R injury through different mechanisms. This review summarized the protective mechanisms and current research advances of TCMs in myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- Cardiology Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Demin Liu
- Cardiology Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Cardiology Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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6
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mushtaq I, Bashir Z, Sarwar M, Arshad M, Ishtiaq A, Khan W, Khan U, Tabassum S, Ali T, Fatima T, Valadi H, Nawaz M, Murtaza I. N-Acetyl Cysteine, Selenium, and Ascorbic Acid Rescue Diabetic Cardiac Hypertrophy via Mitochondrial-Associated Redox Regulators. Molecules 2021; 26:7285. [PMID: 34885867 PMCID: PMC8659237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders often lead to cardiac complications. Metabolic deregulations during diabetic conditions are linked to mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are the key contributing factors in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy are poorly understood. In the current study, we initially established a diabetic rat model by alloxan-administration, which was validated by peripheral glucose measurement. Diabetic rats displayed myocardial stiffness and fibrosis, changes in heart weight/body weight, heart weight/tibia length ratios, and enhanced size of myocytes, which altogether demonstrated the establishment of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy (DCH). Furthermore, we examined the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial signaling impairment. Our data show that the expression of PGC-1α, cytochrome c, MFN-2, and Drp-1 was deregulated. Mitochondrial-signaling impairment was further validated by redox-system dysregulation, which showed a significant increase in ROS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, both in serum and heart tissue, whereas the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels were decreased. Additionally, the expression levels of pro-apoptotic gene PUMA and stress marker GATA-4 genes were elevated, whereas ARC, PPARα, and Bcl-2 expression levels were decreased in the heart tissues of diabetic rats. Importantly, these alloxan-induced impairments were rescued by N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, and selenium treatment. This was demonstrated by the amelioration of myocardial stiffness, fibrosis, mitochondrial gene expression, lipid profile, restoration of myocyte size, reduced oxidative stress, and the activation of enzymes associated with antioxidant activities. Altogether, these data indicate that the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction by protective agents such as N-acetyl cysteine, selenium, and ascorbic acid could rescue diabetes-associated cardiac complications, including DCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Mushtaq
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Zainab Bashir
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Mehvish Sarwar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Maria Arshad
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayesha Ishtiaq
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Wajiha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbotabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Uzma Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21040, Pakistan;
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Islamic International University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Tahir Ali
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Tahzeeb Fatima
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.F.); (H.V.)
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.F.); (H.V.)
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.F.); (H.V.)
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.M.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
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8
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Eraky SM, Ramadan NM. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and metformin combination on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats through autophagic pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108798. [PMID: 34102283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a primary cause of increased morbidity and mortality in diabetics. Evidence has suggested a pivotal role for interrupted mitochondrial dynamics and quality control machinery in the onset and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) is a major reporter of selective autophagic activity. Other than controlling the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, recently peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) was reported to directly affect SQSTM1 gene expression. Calcineurin, a pivotal mediator of cardiac hypertrophy, has been also linked to enhanced expression of SQSTM1. This study aimed to test the cardioprotective effects of adding ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to metformin in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects on mitochondrial quality. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, followed by a low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were either treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d), ω-3 PUFAs (300 mg/kg/d), or their combination in the same doses for further 8 weeks. Along with metabolic and pathological derangements, we report that correlating with electron microscopic evidence of mitochondrial degeneration, gene expression of the autophagic indicators SQSTM1, PGC-1α, and calcineurin were decreased in the hearts of diabetic rats. Independent of its anti-hyperglycemic effects, metformin successfully preserved mitochondrial integrity and upregulated myocardial PGC-1α, calcineurin, and SQSTM1 gene expression. ω-3 PUFAs possess synergistic cardioprotection when added to metformin, suggested by improvements in myocardial ultrastructure, autophagic activity, and SQSTM1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nehal M Ramadan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gbr AA, Abdel Baky NA, Mohamed EA, Zaky HS. Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone and curcumin against diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: impact on CaMKII/NF-κB/TGF-β1 and PPAR-γ signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:349-360. [PMID: 32984914 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients, which is currently without available specific treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. Diabetes was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by administration of single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (52.5 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were administered either Pio (20 mg/kg/day) or Cur (100 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks. Treatment with Pio and/or Cur markedly reduced serum cardiac injury markers and lipid profile markers in diabetic animals. Additionally, Pio and/or Cur treatment mitigated oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic rats as evident from the significant suppression in myocardial lipid peroxidation and tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) level, with concomitant significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and improvement in histopathological architecture of heart tissue. Pio/Cur treatment protocol accomplished its cardioprotective effect by depressing cardiac CaMKII/NF-κB signaling accompanied by enhancement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pio/Cur regimen in alleviating DCM in T1DM through modulation of CaMKII and PPAR-γ expression. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Gbr
- Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
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Wang L, Cai Y, Jian L, Cheung CW, Zhang L, Xia Z. Impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33397369 PMCID: PMC7783984 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is higher in diabetic patients than those without diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a clinical condition of abnormal myocardial structure and performance in diabetic patients without other cardiac risk factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and significant valvular disease. Multiple molecular events contribute to the development of DCM, which include the alterations in energy metabolism (fatty acid, glucose, ketone and branched chain amino acids) and the abnormalities of subcellular components in the heart, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, calcium mishandling and inflammation. There are no specific drugs in treating DCM despite of decades of basic and clinical investigations. This is, in part, due to the lack of our understanding as to how heart failure initiates and develops, especially in diabetic patients without an underlying ischemic cause. Some of the traditional anti-diabetic or lipid-lowering agents aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose have been shown inadequately targeting multiple aspects of the conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a transcription factor, plays an important role in mediating DCM-related molecular events. Pharmacological targeting of PPARα activation has been demonstrated to be one of the important strategies for patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of PPARα in association with the underlying pathophysiological changes in DCM. We discuss the PPARα-related drugs in clinical applications and facts related to the drugs that may be considered as risky (such as fenofibrate, bezafibrate, clofibrate) or safe (pemafibrate, metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists) or having the potential (sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor) in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liguo Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Xiu L, Yao XA, Jiang T. Correlation Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Chinese Adults with Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1823-1831. [PMID: 33953582 PMCID: PMC8089088 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chinese adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus have impaired diastolic function. This study aims to analyse the association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in Chinese adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled Chinese adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study. These patients were divided into two groups: those with diastolic dysfunction and those without diastolic dysfunction. We then compared the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] between the two groups. The correlation between diastolic function and 25-(OH)D was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, binary logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between the decrease in diastolic function and 25-(OH)D and other indexes in Chinese adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS The level of 25-(OH)D in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with cardiac diastolic dysfunction was significantly lower than that in patients without cardiac diastolic dysfunction (P<0.01). The degree of liver fibrosis in adult patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher than that in adult patients without diastolic dysfunction (P<0.01). Moreover, decreased 25-(OH)D levels were associated with decreased diastolic function in adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION 25-(OH)-D was identified as an independent predictor of decreased diastolic function in adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes. The serum 25-(OH)D level in adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes was significantly reduced. 25-(OH)D influences the reduction in diastolic function in adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes and can be used as a predictor of decreased diastolic function in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ai Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Jiang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyilu, Yang Fang Dian, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-63926692 Email
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12
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Qi K, Yang Y, Geng Y, Cui H, Li X, Jin C, Chen G, Tian X, Meng X. Tongxinluo attenuates oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration-induced endothelial barrier breakdown via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α/angiopoietin-like 4 pathway in high glucose-incubated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21821. [PMID: 32846824 PMCID: PMC7447398 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo (TXL) has been widely used to treat coronary artery disease in China, since it could reduce myocardial infarct size and ischemia/reperfusion injury in both non-diabetic and diabetic conditions. It has been shown that TXL could regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), a positive modulator of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), in diabetic rats. Endothelial junction substructure components, such as VE-cadherin, are involved in the protection of reperfusion injury. Thus, we hypothesized cell-intrinsic and endothelial-specific Angptl4 mediated the protection of TXL on endothelial barrier under high glucose condition against ischemia/reperfusion-injury via PPAR-α pathway. METHODS Incubated with high glucose medium, the human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were then exposed to oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation (2 hours) and restoration (2 hours) stimulation, with or without TXL, insulin, or rhAngptl4 pretreatment. RESULTS TXL, insulin, and rhAngptl4 had similar protective effects on the endothelial barrier. TXL treatment reversed the endothelial barrier breakdown in HCMECs significantly as identified by decreasing endothelial permeability, upregulating the expression of JAM-A, VE-cadherin, and integrin-α5 and increasing the membrane location of VE-cadherin and integrin-α5, and these effects of TXL were as effective as insulin and rhAngptl4. However, Angptl4 knock-down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference and PPAR-α inhibitor MK886 partially abrogated these beneficial effects of TXL. Western blotting also revealed that similar with insulin, TXL upregulated the expression of Angptl4 in HCMECs, which could be inhibited by Angptl4 siRNA or MK886 exposure. TXL treatment increased PPAR-α activity, which could be diminished by MK886 but not by Angptl4 siRNA. CONCLUSION These data suggest cell-intrinsic and endothelial-specific Angptl4 mediates the protection of TXL against endothelial barrier breakdown during oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation and restoration under high glucose condition partly via the PPAR-α/Angptl4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hehe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guihao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaqiu Tian
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zong X, Cheng K, Yin G, Wu Z, Su Q, Yu D, Liao P, Hu W, Chen Y. SIRT3 is a downstream target of PPAR-α implicated in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury in AC16 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1261-1268. [PMID: 32742361 PMCID: PMC7388318 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a worldwide public health concern that continues to display rapid growth trends. This study investigated the function of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a primary mitochondrial deacetylase with important roles in antioxidant defense and oxidative metabolism, during high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte (AC16 cell) injury. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) is directly related to the occurrence of DCM. Hence, we further examined the relationship between SIRT3 and PPAR-α. AC16 cells were treated with various concentrations of glucose. Relative mRNA expression and protein levels were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using CCK8 and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kits, respectively. DCFH-DA assay was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The results indicated that high glucose treatment reduced the expression of mRNA and protein of SIRT3 and PPAR-α in AC16 cells. Moreover, high glucose inhibited cell proliferation, as well as induced apoptosis, intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, and JNK1/2 phosphorylation. These effects were antagonized by SIRT3 overexpression or treatment with the PPAR-α agonist, Wy14643. Conversely, inhibition of SIRT3 via 3-TYP led to similar phenomena as those induced by high glucose treatment in AC16 cells, which were blocked by Wy14643. Lastly, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays demonstrated SIRT3 as a direct target of PPAR-α. Taken together, the results provide evidence for an important role of SIRT3 in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury and regulation of JNK1/2 signaling. Further, SIRT3 is a direct downstream target of PPAR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Kuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaodi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Yueguang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
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14
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Sacchetto C, Sequeira V, Bertero E, Dudek J, Maack C, Calore M. Metabolic Alterations in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122195. [PMID: 31842377 PMCID: PMC6947282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of the heart relies on a series of complex metabolic processes orchestrating the proper generation and use of energy. In this context, mitochondria serve a crucial role as a platform for energy transduction by supplying ATP to the varying demand of cardiomyocytes, involving an intricate network of pathways regulating the metabolic flux of substrates. The failure of these processes results in structural and functional deficiencies of the cardiac muscle, including inherited cardiomyopathies. These genetic diseases are characterized by cardiac structural and functional anomalies in the absence of abnormal conditions that can explain the observed myocardial abnormality, and are frequently associated with heart failure. Since their original description, major advances have been achieved in the genetic and phenotype knowledge, highlighting the involvement of metabolic abnormalities in their pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the role of mitochondria in the energy metabolism in the heart and focuses on metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and storage diseases associated with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sacchetto
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Calore
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.C.)
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15
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Abstract
Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes associated with heart failure are considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without diabetes mellitus. In people with diabetes mellitus, the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, has led to the descriptive terminology, diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasing in parallel with the increase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure. Impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevations in advanced glycation end products and collagen-based cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium handling, inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of cardiac metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes include abnormalities in AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, protein kinase C, microRNA, and exosome pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of these instigators of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as mechanistically based strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.).
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16
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Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH) in Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153737. [PMID: 31370156 PMCID: PMC6695796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is an important health issue worldwide. Long-term diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, which in turn leads to diabetic vascular complications. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is a major vasodilator in large-size vessels, and the hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by the endothelium plays a central role in agonist-mediated and flow-mediated vasodilation in resistance-size vessels. Although the mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are multifactorial and complex, impairment of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) of vascular smooth muscle cells would contribute at least partly to the initiation and progression of microvascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of impaired EDH in diabetes in animals and humans. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at the prevention and restoration of EDH in diabetes.
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17
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Sun L, Yu M, Zhou T, Zhang S, He G, Wang G, Gang X. Current advances in the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy: From clinicopathological features to molecular therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2051-2062. [PMID: 31322242 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern due to lifestyle alterations. Moreover, the complications associated with diabetes mellitus deeply influence the quality of life of patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a type of diabetes mellitus complication characterized by functional and structural damage in the myocardium but not accompanied by coronary arterial disease. Currently, diagnosing and preventing DC is still a challenge for physicians due to its atypical symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the current knowledge on DC, especially in regards to the underlying molecular mechanisms toward the goal of developing useful diagnostic approaches and effective drugs based on these mechanisms. There exist several review articles which have focused on these points, but there still remains a lot to learn from published studies. In this review, the features, diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of DC are reviewed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic and prophylactic drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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Hu L, Ding M, Tang D, Gao E, Li C, Wang K, Qi B, Qiu J, Zhao H, Chang P, Fu F, Li Y. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics by regulating Mfn2 for therapeutic intervention in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3687-3706. [PMID: 31281507 PMCID: PMC6587356 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has implicated the important role of mitochondrial pathology in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), while the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of DCM and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Obese diabetic (db/db) and lean control (db/+) mice were used in this study. Mitochondrial dynamics were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in vivo and by confocal microscopy in vitro. Results: Diabetic hearts from 12-week-old db/db mice showed excessive mitochondrial fission and significant reduced expression of Mfn2, while there was no significant alteration or slight change in the expression of other dynamic-related proteins. Reconstitution of Mfn2 in diabetic hearts inhibited mitochondrial fission and prevented the progression of DCM. In an in-vitro study, cardiomyocytes cultured in high-glucose and high-fat (HG/HF) medium showed excessive mitochondrial fission and decreased Mfn2 expression. Reconstitution of Mfn2 restored mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed mitochondrial oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial function in HG/HF-treated cardiomyocytes through promoting mitochondrial fusion. In addition, the down-regulation of Mfn2 expression in HG/HF-treated cardiomyocytes was induced by reduced expression of PPARα, which positively regulated the expression of Mfn2 by directly binding to its promoter. Conclusion: Our study provides the first evidence that imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics induced by down-regulated Mfn2 contributes to the development of DCM. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics by regulating Mfn2 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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19
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Fan L, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Wang X, Huang Q, Li S, Zhao X, Li Z. CAPE-pNO2 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through the NOX4/NF-κB pathway in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1640-1650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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20
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Yakubova A, Thorrez L, Svetlichnyy D, Zwarts L, Vulsteke V, Laenen G, Oosterlinck W, Moreau Y, Dehaspe L, Van Houdt J, Cortés-Calabuig Á, De Moor B, Callaerts P, Herijgers P. ACE-inhibition induces a cardioprotective transcriptional response in the metabolic syndrome heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16169. [PMID: 30385846 PMCID: PMC6212468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome has a high prevalence, but the mechanistic basis of metabolic cardiomyopathy remains poorly understood. We characterised the cardiac transcriptome in a murine metabolic syndrome (MetS) model (LDLR−/−; ob/ob, DKO) relative to the healthy, control heart (C57BL/6, WT) and the transcriptional changes induced by ACE-inhibition in those hearts. RNA-Seq, differential gene expression and transcription factor analysis identified 288 genes differentially expressed between DKO and WT hearts implicating 72 pathways. Hallmarks of metabolic cardiomyopathy were increased activity in integrin-linked kinase signalling, Rho signalling, dendritic cell maturation, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, atherosclerosis, LXR-RXR signalling, cardiac hypertrophy, and acute phase response pathways. ACE-inhibition had a limited effect on gene expression in WT (55 genes, 23 pathways), and a prominent effect in DKO hearts (1143 genes, 104 pathways). In DKO hearts, ACE-I appears to counteract some of the MetS-specific pathways, while also activating cardioprotective mechanisms. We conclude that MetS and control murine hearts have unique transcriptional profiles and exhibit a partially specific transcriptional response to ACE-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Yakubova
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Interdisciplinary Research Facility, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Svetlichnyy
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Zwarts
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Vulsteke
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Laenen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Oosterlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Moreau
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Dehaspe
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houdt
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Álvaro Cortés-Calabuig
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Moor
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Liu Y, Neumann D, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Molecular mechanism of lipid-induced cardiac insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:131-141. [PMID: 27372802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are the main cardiac substrates from which ATP is generated continually to serve the high energy demand and sustain the normal function of the heart. Under healthy conditions, fatty acid β-oxidation produces 50-70% of the energy demands with the remainder largely accounted for by glucose. Chronically increased dietary lipid supply often leads to excess lipid accumulation in the heart, which is linked to a variety of maladaptive phenomena, such as insulin resistance, cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. CD36, the predominant cardiac fatty acid transporter, has a key role in setting the heart on a road to contractile dysfunction upon the onset of chronic lipid oversupply by translocating to the cell surface and opening the cellular 'doors' for fatty acids. The sequence of events after the CD36-mediated myocellular lipid accumulation is less understood, but in general it has been accepted that the excessively imported lipids cause insulin resistance, which in turn leads to contractile dysfunction. There are several gaps of knowledge in this proposed order of events which this review aims to discuss. First, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid-induced insulin resistance are not yet completely disclosed. Specifically, several mediators have been proposed, such as diacylglycerols, ceramides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), inflammatory kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but their relative contributions to the onset of insulin resistance and their putatively synergistic actions are topics of controversy. Second, there are also pieces of evidence that lipids can induce contractile dysfunction independently of insulin resistance. Perhaps, a more integrative view is needed, in which several lipid-induced pathways operate synergistically or in parallel to induce contractile dysfunction. Unraveling of these processes is expected to be important in designing effective therapeutic strategies to protect the lipid-overloaded heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Li J, Liu YP. The roles of PPARs in human diseases. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:361-382. [PMID: 30036119 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1475673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, can be activated by binding natural or synthetic ligands. The use of related ligands has revealed many potential roles for PPARs in the pathogenesis of some human metabolic disorders and inflammatory-related disease. Based on the previous studies, this review primarily concluded the current progress of knowledge regarding the specific biological activity of PPARs in cancers, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing a foundation for the potential therapeutic use of PPAR ligands in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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23
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Gao L, Liu Y, Guo S, Xiao L, Wu L, Wang Z, Liang C, Yao R, Zhang Y. LAZ3 protects cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy via regulating miR-21/PPARa signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3322-3338. [PMID: 30031228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to cardiovascular complications and the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling that can lead to heart failure. We aimed to evaluate the functional role of LAZ3 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce a diabetic mouse model. Three months after induction, the mice were subjected to retro-orbital venous plexus injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) that overexpressed LAZ3. Six weeks after the infection, mouse hearts were removed to assess the degree of cardiac remodeling. LAZ3 was down-regulated in the diabetic mouse hearts and high glucose stimulated cardiomyocytes. Knock-down of LAZ3 in cardiomyocytes with LAZ3 siRNA reduced cell viability, increased the inflammatory response and induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Overexpression of LAZ3 by infection with adeno-associated virus (AAV9)-LAZ3 protected against an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in both a high glucose stimulated in vitro study and diabetic mouse hearts. We found that LAZ3 increased the activation of PPARa, which increased PGC-1a activation and subsequently augmented NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation. This outcome was confirmed by NRF2 siRNA and a PPARa activator, since NRF2 siRNA abrogated the protective effects of LAZ3 overexpression, while the PPARa activator reversed the deteriorating phenotype of LAZ3 knock-down in both the in vitro and vivo study. Furthermore, LAZ3 decreased miR-21 expression, which resulted in PPARa activation, NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation. In conclusion, LAZ3 protects against cardiac remodeling in DCM by decreasing miR-21, thus regulating PPARa/NRF2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Hamza AA, Fikry EM, Abdallah W, Amin A. Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9827. [PMID: 29959408 PMCID: PMC6026169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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25
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Qi K, Li X, Geng Y, Cui H, Jin C, Wang P, Li Y, Yang Y. Tongxinluo attenuates reperfusion injury in diabetic hearts by angiopoietin-like 4-mediated protection of endothelial barrier integrity via PPAR-α pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198403. [PMID: 29912977 PMCID: PMC6005559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endothelial barrier function in the onset and Tongxinluo (TXL) protection of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and TXL can induce the secretion of Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation. We intend to demonstrate whether TXL can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in diabetes, characterized with microvascular endothelial barrier disruption, by induction of Angptl4-mediated protection of endothelial barrier integrity. Methods and results I/R injury was created by coronary ligation in ZDF diabetic and non-diabetic control rats. The animals were anesthetized and randomized to sham operation or I/R injury with or without the exposure to insulin, rhAngptl4, TXL, Angptl4 siRNA, and the PPAR-α inhibitor MK886. Tongxinluo, insulin and rhAngptl4 have the similar protective effect on diabetic hearts against I/R injury. In I/R-injured diabetic hearts, TXL treatment remarkably reduced the infarct size, and protected endothelial barrier integrity demonstrated by decreased endothelial cells apoptosis, microvascular permeability, and myocardial hemorrhage, fortified tight junction, and upregulated expression of JAM-A, integrin-α5, and VE-cadherin, and these effects of TXL were as effective as insulin and rhAngptl4. However, Angptl4 knock-down with siRNA interference and inhibition of PPAR-α with MK886 partially diminished these beneficial effects of TXL and rhAngptl4. TXL induced the expression of Angptl4 in I/R-injured diabetic hearts, and was canceled by Angptl4 siRNA and MK886. TXL treatment increased myocardial PPAR-α activity, and was abolished by MK886 but not by Angptl4 siRNA. Conclusions TXL protects diabetic hearts against I/R injury by activating Angptl4-mediated restoration of endothelial barrier integrity via the PPAR-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hehe Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peihe Wang
- Peking Key Laboratory for Pre-clinical Evaluation of Cardiovascular Implant Material, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Animal Experimental Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Peking Key Laboratory for Pre-clinical Evaluation of Cardiovascular Implant Material, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Animal Experimental Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Wang XT, Gong Y, Zhou B, Yang JJ, Cheng Y, Zhao JG, Qi MY. Ursolic acid ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1461-1467. [PMID: 29156537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major and severe cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene compound widespread in fruits and plants, performs a variety of pharmacological activities including lowering blood glucose, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. Our present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of ursolic acid on diabetic cardiomyopathy rats and uncover its underlying mechanism. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of STZ-only (40 mg/ kg, i.v.) in male SD rats. Animals were divided into three groups (n=10): control group (normal saline, i.g.), diabetic group (normal saline, i.g.) and diabetic+ursolic acid group (35 mg/kg UA + normal saline, i.g.). Rats were administered for 8 weeks from 5th to 12th week. After the last administration, cardiac function was evaluated; HWI was calculated; FBG, CK, LDH in serum and SOD, MDA in cardiac tissue were detected. HE staining and Masson trichrome staining were employed to observe pathological alterations. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were taken to determine the expression levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in the heart. The results dramatically showed increased levels of FBG, CK, LDH, MDA and a decreased activity of SOD in diabetic group, in which left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac myocytes hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial interstitial fibrosis had also been found. What's more, the expressions of TNF-α, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 were significantly up-regulated and the expression of MMP-2 was markedly down-regulated in myocardium. Interestingly, treatment with ursolic acid remarkably ameliorated these changes. Collectively, our study strongly showed that ursolic acid is capable of improving the cardiac structure and function in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Zhejiang Center for Drug Inspection, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jin-Guo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Min-You Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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27
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Changes in nitric oxide, angiotensin II, angiopoietin-like protein 4 mRNA, neuregulin 1 mRNA, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in rats with acute blood stasis induced by high-molecular-weight dextran. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Zhong CB, Chen X, Zhou XY, Wang XB. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mediating Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:46-56. [PMID: 28466688 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417707049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although advances have been made in restoring myocardial perfusion in ischemic areas, decreases in cardiomyocyte death and infarct size are still limited, attributing to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is necessary to develop therapies to restrict myocardial I/R injury and protect cardiomyocytes against further damage after MI. Many studies have suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-inducible nuclear receptor that predominantly regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating myocardial I/R injury. Thus, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in cardioprotection during myocardial I/R. The cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, including attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, such as regulating the expression of target genes, influencing other transcription factors, and modulating kinase signaling pathways, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Bin Zhong
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yue Zhou
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bao Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Excessive feeding is associated with an increase in the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic disturbance induces chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolically-important organs, such as the liver and adipose tissue. Many of the inflammatory signalling pathways are directly triggered by nutrients. The pro-inflammatory mediators in adipocytes and macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue promote both local and systemic pro-inflammatory status. Metabolic cardiomyopathy is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by structural and functional alterations and interstitial fibrosis without coronary artery disease or hypertension. In the early stage of metabolic cardiomyopathy, metabolic disturbance is not accompanied by substantial changes in myocardial structure and cardiac function. However, metabolic disturbance induces subcellular low-grade inflammation in the heart, and in turn, subcellular component abnormalities, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired calcium handling, leading to impaired myocardial relaxation. In the advanced stage, the vicious cycle of subcellular component abnormalities, inflammatory cell infiltration, and neurohumoral activation induces cardiomyocyte injury and death, and cardiac fibrosis, resulting in impairment of both diastolic and systolic functions. This review discusses some recent advances in understanding involvement of inflammation in metabolic cardiomyopathy.
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30
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Lee TW, Bai KJ, Lee TI, Chao TF, Kao YH, Chen YJ. PPARs modulate cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function in diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:5. [PMID: 28069019 PMCID: PMC5223385 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complex, whereas mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the genesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Metabolic regulation targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is expected to be a reasonable strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are master executors in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and also modulate mitochondrial function. However, synthetic PPAR agonists used for treating hyperlipidemia and DM have shown controversial effects on cardiovascular regulation. This article reviews our updated understanding of the beneficial and detrimental effects of PPARs on mitochondria in diabetic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bezafibrate Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:5789714. [PMID: 28127304 PMCID: PMC5239981 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5789714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) is closely associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Previous studies have indicated that bezafibrate (BZA), a PPAR-α agonist, could attenuate insulin resistance and obesity. This study was designed to determine whether BZA could protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods. Mice were orally given BZA (100 mg/kg) for 7 weeks beginning 1 week after aortic banding (AB) surgery. Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed based on echocardiographic, histological, and molecular aspects. Moreover, neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were used to investigate the effects of BZA on the cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response in vitro. Results. Our study demonstrated that BZA could alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice subjected to AB surgery. BZA treatment also reduced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). BZA suppressed phenylephrine- (PE-) induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocyte in vitro. The protective effects of BZA were abolished by the treatment of the PPAR-α antagonist in vitro. Conclusions. BZA could attenuate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Jia Y, Chang HC, Schipma MJ, Liu J, Shete V, Liu N, Sato T, Thorp EB, Barger PM, Zhu YJ, Viswakarma N, Kanwar YS, Ardehali H, Thimmapaya B, Reddy JK. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Ablation of Med1 Subunit of the Mediator Complex Causes Lethal Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160755. [PMID: 27548259 PMCID: PMC4993490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator, an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex consisting of about 30 subunits, is a key component of the polymerase II mediated gene transcription. Germline deletion of the Mediator subunit 1 (Med1) of the Mediator in mice results in mid-gestational embryonic lethality with developmental impairment of multiple organs including heart. Here we show that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Med1 in mice (csMed1-/-) during late gestational and early postnatal development by intercrossing Med1fl/fl mice to α-MyHC-Cre transgenic mice results in lethality within 10 days after weaning due to dilated cardiomyopathy-related ventricular dilation and heart failure. The csMed1-/- mouse heart manifests mitochondrial damage, increased apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Global gene expression analysis revealed that loss of Med1 in heart down-regulates more than 200 genes including Acadm, Cacna1s, Atp2a2, Ryr2, Pde1c, Pln, PGC1α, and PGC1β that are critical for calcium signaling, cardiac muscle contraction, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulated energy metabolism. Many genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation and proper mitochondrial function such as genes coding for the succinate dehydrogenase subunits of the mitochondrial complex II are also down-regulated in csMed1-/- heart contributing to myocardial injury. Data also showed up-regulation of about 180 genes including Tgfb2, Ace, Atf3, Ctgf, Angpt14, Col9a2, Wisp2, Nppa, Nppb, and Actn1 that are linked to cardiac muscle contraction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and myocardial injury. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cardiac specific deletion of Med1 in adult mice using tamoxifen-inducible Cre approach (TmcsMed1-/-), results in rapid development of cardiomyopathy and death within 4 weeks. We found that the key findings of the csMed1-/- studies described above are highly reproducible in TmcsMed1-/- mouse heart. Collectively, these observations suggest that Med1 plays a critical role in the maintenance of heart function impacting on multiple metabolic, compensatory and reparative pathways with a likely therapeutic potential in the management of heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1/genetics
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Lethal
- Gestational Age
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Mediator Complex Subunit 1/deficiency
- Mediator Complex Subunit 1/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Varsha Shete
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Barger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bayar Thimmapaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKR); (BT)
| | - Janardan K. Reddy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKR); (BT)
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Johnson R, Dludla P, Joubert E, February F, Mazibuko S, Ghoor S, Muller C, Louw J. Aspalathin, a dihydrochalcone C-glucoside, protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against high glucose induced shifts in substrate preference and apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:922-34. [PMID: 26773306 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Energy deprivation in the myocardium is associated with impaired heart function. This study aims to investigate if aspalathin (ASP) can ameliorate hyperglycemic-induced shift in substrate preference and protect the myocardium against cell apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS H9c2 cells were exposed to, either normal (5.5 mM) or high (33 mM) glucose concentrations for 48 h. Thereafter, cells exposed to 33 mM glucose were treated with metformin (1 μM) or ASP (1 μM), as well as a combination of metformin and ASP for 6 h. In vitro studies revealed that ASP improved glucose metabolism by decreasing fatty acid uptake and subsequent β-oxidation through the decreased expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase threonine 172 (pAMPK (Thr172)) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), while increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. ASP inhibited high glucose induced loss of membrane potential in H9c2 cells as observed by an increase in 5' ,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3' -tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) ratio (orange\red fluorescence) and decreased apoptosis by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA nick formation, while increasing glutathione, superoxide dismutase, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and Bcl-2\Bax ratio. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that ASP increases glucose oxidation and modulates fatty acid utilization producing a favorable substrate shift in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose. Such a favorable shift will be of importance in the protection of cardiomyocytes in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Division of Post-Harvest and Wine Technology, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Faghri February
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christo Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Heart: Lessons from the Past and Future Directions. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:271983. [PMID: 26587015 PMCID: PMC4637490 DOI: 10.1155/2015/271983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear family of ligand activated transcriptional factors and comprise three different isoforms, PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ. The main role of PPARs is to regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that PPAR agonists improve dyslipidemia and glucose control in animals, supporting their potential as a promising therapeutic option to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, substantial differences exist in the therapeutic or adverse effects of specific drug candidates, and clinical studies have yielded inconsistent data on their cardioprotective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the molecular function of PPARs and the mechanisms of the PPAR regulation by posttranslational modification in the heart. We also describe the results and lessons learned from important clinical trials on PPAR agonists and discuss the potential future directions for this class of drugs.
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Domouzoglou EM, Naka KK, Vlahos AP, Papafaklis MI, Michalis LK, Tsatsoulis A, Maratos-Flier E. Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease: The emerging role of FGF21. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1029-38. [PMID: 26232236 PMCID: PMC4747916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00527.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of risk factors for enhanced primary prevention and novel therapies for treating the chronic consequences of cardiovascular disease are of the utmost importance for reducing morbidity. Recently, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been intensively studied as potential new molecules in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease mainly attributable to metabolic effects and angiogenic actions. Members of the endocrine FGF family have been shown to increase metabolic rate, decrease adiposity, and restore glucose homeostasis, suggesting a multiple metabolic role. Serum levels of FGFs have been associated with established cardiovascular risk factors as well as with the severity and extent of coronary artery disease and could be useful for prediction of cardiovascular death. Furthermore, preclinical investigations and clinical trials have tested FGF administration for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic vascular disease, demonstrating a potential role in improving angina and limb function. FGF21 has lately emerged as a potent metabolic regulator with multiple effects that ultimately improve the lipoprotein profile. Early studies show that FGF21 is associated with the presence of atherosclerosis and may play a protective role against plaque formation by improving endothelial function. The present review highlights recent investigations suggesting that FGFs, in particular FGF21, may be useful as markers of cardiovascular risk and may also serve as protective/therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Domouzoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina K Naka
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonios P Vlahos
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michail I Papafaklis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lampros K Michalis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Agathoklis Tsatsoulis
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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He J, Quintana MT, Sullivan J, L Parry T, J Grevengoed T, Schisler JC, Hill JA, Yates CC, Mapanga RF, Essop MF, Stansfield WE, Bain JR, Newgard CB, Muehlbauer MJ, Han Y, Clarke BA, Willis MS. MuRF2 regulates PPARγ1 activity to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and enhance weight gain induced by a high fat diet. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:97. [PMID: 26242235 PMCID: PMC4526192 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes mellitus the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease is increased and represents an important independent mechanism by which heart disease is exacerbated. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy involves the enhanced activation of PPAR transcription factors, including PPARα, and to a lesser degree PPARβ and PPARγ1. How these transcription factors are regulated in the heart is largely unknown. Recent studies have described post-translational ubiquitination of PPARs as ways in which PPAR activity is inhibited in cancer. However, specific mechanisms in the heart have not previously been described. Recent studies have implicated the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-2 (MuRF2) in inhibiting the nuclear transcription factor SRF. Initial studies of MuRF2-/- hearts revealed enhanced PPAR activity, leading to the hypothesis that MuRF2 regulates PPAR activity by post-translational ubiquitination. METHODS MuRF2-/- mice were challenged with a 26-week 60% fat diet designed to simulate obesity-mediated insulin resistance and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mice were followed by conscious echocardiography, blood glucose, tissue triglyceride, glycogen levels, immunoblot analysis of intracellular signaling, heart and skeletal muscle morphometrics, and PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ1-regulated mRNA expression. RESULTS MuRF2 protein levels increase ~20% during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by high fat diet. Compared to littermate wildtype hearts, MuRF2-/- hearts exhibit an exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterized by an early onset systolic dysfunction, larger left ventricular mass, and higher heart weight. MuRF2-/- hearts had significantly increased PPARα- and PPARγ1-regulated gene expression by RT-qPCR, consistent with MuRF2's regulation of these transcription factors in vivo. Mechanistically, MuRF2 mono-ubiquitinated PPARα and PPARγ1 in vitro, consistent with its non-degradatory role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, increasing MuRF2:PPARγ1 (>5:1) beyond physiological levels drove poly-ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PPARγ1 in vitro, indicating large MuRF2 increases may lead to PPAR degradation if found in other disease states. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in MuRF2 have been described to contribute to the severity of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present study suggests that the lack of MuRF2, as found in these patients, can result in an exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy. These studies also identify MuRF2 as the first ubiquitin ligase to regulate cardiac PPARα and PPARγ1 activities in vivo via post-translational modification without degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jenyth Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rudo F Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | | | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yipin Han
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Brian A Clarke
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 400 Technology Square, Boston, MA, 601-4214, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Quintana MT, He J, Sullivan J, Grevengoed T, Schisler J, Han Y, Hill JA, Yates CC, Stansfield WE, Mapanga RF, Essop MF, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Bain JR, Willis MS. Muscle ring finger-3 protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by a high fat diet. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:36. [PMID: 26215257 PMCID: PMC4515942 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) involves the enhanced activation of peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) transcription factors, including the most prominent isoform in the heart, PPARα. In cancer cells and adipocytes, post-translational modification of PPARs have been identified, including ligand-dependent degradation of PPARs by specific ubiquitin ligases. However, the regulation of PPARs in cardiomyocytes and heart have not previously been identified. We recently identified that muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) and MuRF2 differentially inhibit PPAR activities by mono-ubiquitination, leading to the hypothesis that MuRF3 may regulate PPAR activity in vivo to regulate DCM. METHODS MuRF3-/- mice were challenged with 26 weeks 60% high fat diet to induce insulin resistance and DCM. Conscious echocardiography, blood glucose, tissue triglyceride, glycogen levels, immunoblot analysis of intracellular signaling, heart and skeletal muscle morphometrics, and PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ1 activities were assayed. RESULTS MuRF3-/- mice exhibited a premature systolic heart failure by 6 weeks high fat diet (vs. 12 weeks in MuRF3+/+). MuRF3-/- mice weighed significantly less than sibling-matched wildtype mice after 26 weeks HFD. These differences may be largely due to resistance to fat accumulation, as MRI analysis revealed MuRF3-/- mice had significantly less fat mass, but not lean body mass. In vitro ubiquitination assays identified MuRF3 mono-ubiquitinated PPARα and PPARγ1, but not PPARβ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MuRF3 helps stabilize cardiac PPARα and PPARγ1 in vivo to support resistance to the development of DCM. MuRF3 also plays an unexpected role in regulating fat storage despite being found only in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jenyth Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Trisha Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yipin Han
- North Carolina State University, Department of Engineering, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Rudo F Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lee TW, Lee TI, Chang CJ, Lien GS, Kao YH, Chao TF, Chen YJ. Potential of vitamin D in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Nutr Res 2015; 35:269-79. [PMID: 25770692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients with DM frequently develop diabetic cardiomyopathy. Currently, effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. Vitamin D exerts pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system and is associated with DM. The purpose of this review was to evaluate published research on vitamin D in diabetic cardiomyopathy by searching PubMed databases. Herein, we reviewed vitamin D metabolism; evaluated the molecular, cellular, and neuroendocrine effects in native and bioactive vitamin D; and evaluated the role of vitamin D in treating cardiovascular disease and DM. Some evidence suggests that vitamin D may improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, and antiatherosclerotic activities and by regulating advanced glycation end-product signaling, the renin-angiotensin system, and cardiac metabolism. This clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that vitamin D may be a potential agent in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, using vitamin D entails possible adverse risks of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and vascular calcifications. Therefore, future studies should be conducted that clarify the potential benefits of vitamin D through large-scale randomized clinical trials in well-defined groups of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Shih Lien
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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Schaedlich K, Schmidt JS, Kwong WY, Sinclair KD, Kurz R, Jahnke HG, Fischer B. Impact of di-ethylhexylphthalate exposure on metabolic programming in P19 ECC-derived cardiomyocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:861-9. [PMID: 25351189 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most common plasticizer in plastic devices of everyday use. It is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and primarily known to impair male gonadal development and fertility. Studies concerning the long-term effects of prenatal DEHP exposure on certain diseases [The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease paradigm (DOHaD) hypothesis] are scarce although it is proven that DEHP crosses the placenta. Rising environmental pollution during the last centuries coincides with an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We have investigated the effects of an early embryonic DEHP exposure at different developmental stages on cardiomyogenesis. We used an in-vitro model, the murine P19 embryonic carcinoma cell line (P19 ECC), mimicking early embryonic stages up to differentiated beating cardiomyocytes. P19 ECC were exposed to DEHP (5, 50, 100 µg ml(-1)) at the undifferentiated stage for 5 days and subsequently differentiated to beating cardiomyocytes. We analyzed the expression of metabolic (Pparg1, Fabp4 and Glut4), cardiac (Myh6, Gja1) and methylation (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a) marker genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), beating rate and the differentiation velocity of the cells. The methylation status of Pparg1, Ppara and Glut4 was investigated by pyrosequencing. DEHP significantly altered the expression of all investigated genes. The beating rate and differentiation velocity were accelerated. Exposure to DEHP led to small but statistically significant increases in methylation of specific CpGs within Ppara and Pparg1, which otherwise were generally hypomethylated, but methylation of Glut4 was unaltered. Early DEHP exposure of P19 ECC alters the expression of genes associated with cellular metabolism and the functional features of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schaedlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane-Susanne Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Wing Yee Kwong
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Randy Kurz
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Fischer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097, Halle, Germany
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Samokhvalov V, Zlobine I, Jamieson KL, Jurasz P, Chen C, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Seubert JM. PPARδ signaling mediates the cytotoxicity of DHA in H9c2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:10-20. [PMID: 25300478 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) known to affect numerous biological functions. While DHA possesses many properties that impact cell survival such as suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis, the exact molecular and cellular mechanism(s) remain unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate many cell pathways including cell death. As DHA acts as a ligand to PPARs the aim of this study was to examine the involvement of PPARδ in DHA-mediated cytotoxicity toward H9c2 cells. Treatment with DHA (100μM) resulted in a significant decline in cell viability, cellular metabolic activity and total antioxidant capacity coinciding with increased total proteasome activities and activity of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). No changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or accumulation of lipid peroxidation products were observed but DHA promoted apoptotic cell death as detected by flow cytometry, increased caspase-3 activity and decreased phosphorylation of Akt. Importantly, DHA enhanced PPARδ DNA binding activity in H9c2 cells strongly signifying that the cytotoxic effect of DHA might be mediated via PPARδ signaling. Co-treatment with the selective PPARδ antagonist GSK 3787 (1μM) abolished the cytotoxic effects of DHA in H9c2 cells. Cytotoxic effects of DHA were attenuated by co-treatment with myriocin, a selective inhibitor of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), preventing de novo ceramide biosynthesis. LC/MS analysis revealed that treatment with DHA resulted in the accumulation of ceramide, which was blocked by GSK 3787. Interestingly, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidase with MS-PPOH (50μM) abolished DHA-mediated cytotoxicity suggesting downstream metabolites as the active mediators. We further demonstrate that CYP oxidase metabolites of DHA, methyl epoxy docosapentaenoate (EDP methyl esters, 1μM) (mix 1:1:1:1:1:1; 4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17- and 19,20-EDP methyl esters) and 19,20-EDP cause cytotoxicity via activation of PPARδ signaling leading to increased levels of intracellular ceramide. These results illustrate novel pathways for DHA-induced cytotoxicity that suggest an important role for CYP-derived metabolites, EDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Samokhvalov
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Igor Zlobine
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi L Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Kurtz M, Capobianco E, Martinez N, Roberti SL, Arany E, Jawerbaum A. PPAR ligands improve impaired metabolic pathways in fetal hearts of diabetic rats. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:237-46. [PMID: 25122159 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In maternal diabetes, the fetal heart can be structurally and functionally affected. Maternal diets enriched in certain unsaturated fatty acids can activate the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and regulate metabolic and anti-inflammatory pathways during development. Our aim was to investigate whether PPARα expression, lipid metabolism, lipoperoxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) production are altered in the fetal hearts of diabetic rats, and to analyze the putative effects of in vivo PPAR activation on these parameters. We found decreased PPARα expression in the hearts of male but not female fetuses of diabetic rats when compared with controls. Fetal treatments with the PPARα ligand leukotriene B4 upregulated the expression of PPARα and target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the fetal hearts. Increased concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids were found in the hearts of fetuses of diabetic rats. Maternal treatments with diets supplemented with 6% olive oil or 6% safflower oil, enriched in unsaturated fatty acids that can activate PPARs, led to few changes in lipid concentrations, but up-regulated PPARα expression in fetal hearts. NO production, which was increased in the hearts of male and female fetuses in the diabetic group, and lipoperoxidation, which was increased in the hearts of male fetuses in the diabetic group, was reduced by the maternal treatments supplemented with safflower oil. In conclusion, impaired PPARα expression, altered lipid metabolism, and increased oxidative and nitridergic pathways were evidenced in hearts of fetuses of diabetic rats and were regulated in a gender-dependent manner by treatments enriched with PPAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kurtz
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nora Martinez
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Arany
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 17th Floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Pathology Schullich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Ioan AM, Tuñón J, Egido J, Lorenzo Ó. Activation of toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes in the diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated inflammation. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:847827. [PMID: 24744784 PMCID: PMC3972909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. Cardiac Toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes may be key inducers for inflammation probably through NF-κB activation and ROS overproduction. However, metabolic dysregulated factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and sirtuins may serve as therapeutic targets to control this response by mitigating both Toll-like receptors and inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Ioan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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