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Li S, Li Y, Zhang S, Fang H, Huang Z, Zhang D, Ding A, Uvdal K, Hu Z, Huang K, Li L. Response strategies and biological applications of organic fluorescent thermometry: cell- and mitochondrion-level detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1968-1984. [PMID: 38511286 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Temperature homeostasis is critical for cells to perform their physiological functions. Among the diverse methods for temperature detection, fluorescent temperature probes stand out as a proven and effective tool, especially for monitoring temperature in cells and suborganelles, with a specific emphasis on mitochondria. The utilization of these probes provides a new opportunity to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and interconnections underlying various physiological activities related to temperature homeostasis. However, the complexity and variability of cells and suborganelles necessitate fluorescent temperature probes with high resolution and sensitivity. To meet the demanding requirements for intracellular/subcellular temperature detection, several strategies have been developed, offering a range of options to address this challenge. This review examines four fundamental temperature-response strategies employed by small molecule and polymer probes, including intramolecular rotation, polarity sensitivity, Förster resonance energy transfer, and structural changes. The primary emphasis was placed on elucidating molecular design and biological applications specific to each type of probe. Furthermore, this review provides an insightful discussion on factors that may affect fluorescent thermometry, providing valuable perspectives for future development in the field. Finally, the review concludes by presenting cutting-edge response strategies and research insights for mitigating biases in temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yaoxuan Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiji Zhang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haixiao Fang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ze Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Duoteng Zhang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Kajsa Uvdal
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden.
| | - Zhangjun Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden.
| | - Kai Huang
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen 361005, China.
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2
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Nederveen JP, Byun JH, MacDonald ME, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Austin RC. A Metabolic Enhancer Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Steatosis and Corrects a Pro-Atherogenic Serum Profile in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102410. [PMID: 37242292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects hundreds of millions of individuals and constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity is believed to be at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and vascular dysfunction. Although previous studies demonstrate a diverse array of naturally occurring antioxidants that attenuate several manifestations of MetS, little is known about the (i) combined effect of these compounds on hepatic health and (ii) molecular mechanisms responsible for their effect. METHODS We explored the impact of a metabolic enhancer (ME), consisting of 7 naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents, on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and atherogenic serum profile in mice. RESULTS Here we show that a diet-based ME supplementation and exercise have similar beneficial effects on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, ME reduced hepatic ER stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, thereby improving overall liver health. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ME improved HFD-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile in mice, similar to exercise. The protective effects of ME were reduced in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) knock out mice, suggesting that ME exerts it protective effect partly in a PCSK9-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that components of the ME have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular risk and that they show similar effects as exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 5Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, MUMC, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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3
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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4
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Jiang H, Tang W, Song Y, Jin W, Du Q. Induction of Apoptosis by Metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): A Review of the Potential Mechanism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806175. [PMID: 35308206 PMCID: PMC8924367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a global disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Alternations in apoptosis of tumor cells and immune cells have become an important method for detailing the underlying mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bcl-2 family, Caspase family, Fas and other apoptosis-related proteins have also become antagonistic targets of HCC. Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, RR), a traditional Chinese herb, has recently demonstrated antitumor behaviors. Multiple active metabolites of RR, including emodin, rhein, physcion, aloe-emodin, gallic acid, and resveratrol, can successfully induce apoptosis and inhibit HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of these metabolites inhibiting the occurrence and development of HCC by inducing apoptosis is complicated owing to the multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of traditional Chinese herbs. Accordingly, this article reviews the pathways of apoptosis, the relationship between HCC and apoptosis, the role and mechanism of apoptosis induced by mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum pathway and death receptor pathway in HCC and the mechanism of six RR metabolites inhibiting HCC by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyinuo Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Song
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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5
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Huang X, Sun J, Bian C, Ji S, Ji H. Docosahexaenoic acid lessens hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation via the AMP-activated protein kinase and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Funct 2022; 13:1846-1859. [PMID: 35084424 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ for frontline immune defense and lipid metabolism. Excessive lipid accumulation in the liver severely affects its metabolic homeostasis and causes metabolic diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known for its beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown, especially in fish. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of DHA on hepatic steatosis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in vivo and in vitro and mainly focused on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) signaling pathway analysis. Grass carp were fed with purified diets supplemented with 0%, 0.5% and 1% DHA for 8 weeks in vivo. 1% DHA supplementation significantly decreased the liver triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) contents. DHA administration suppressed ER stress and decreased the mRNA expressions related to hepatic inflammation and lipogenesis, accompanied by the activation of AMPK. Correspondingly, DHA activated the AMPK signaling pathway, and inhibited palmitic acid (PA)-evoked ER stress and lipid accumulation and inflammation of grass carp hepatocytes in vitro. In contrast, the inhibitor of AMPK (compound C, CC) abrogated the effects of DHA to improve PA-induced liver injury and ER stress. In conclusion, DHA inhibits ER stress in hepatocytes by the activation of AMPK and exerts protective effects on hepatic steatosis in terms of improving antioxidant ability, relieving hepatic inflammation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis. Our findings give a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the beneficial role of DHA in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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6
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Fang W, Chen Q, Li J, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Disturbs Lipid Homeostasis and Augments Inflammation in the Intestine and Isolated Intestinal Cells of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Immunol 2021; 12:738143. [PMID: 34489982 PMCID: PMC8417523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is crucial for lipid homeostasis and immune regulation of the whole body. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may affect lipid metabolism and inflammation in the intestine, but the potential mechanism is not completely understood. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of tunicamycin (TM) induced ER stress in the intestine of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). ER stress induced excessive accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in the intestine by promoting lipid synthesis. However, it also enhanced lipid secretion and fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, ER stress augmented inflammation in the intestine by promoting p65 into the nucleus and increasing proinflammatory genes expression. In the isolated intestinal cells, the obtained results showed that TM treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis and inflammatory response genes, which were consistent with those in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of unfolded protein response (UPR) sensors significantly upregulated promoter activities of lipid synthesis and proinflammatory genes. In conclusion, the results suggested that ER stress disturbed lipid metabolism and augmented inflammation in the intestine and isolated intestinal cells of large yellow croaker, which may contribute to finding novel therapies to tackle lipid dysregulation and inflammation in the intestine of fish and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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7
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Zeng D, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li D, Li G, Xiao H, Hou J, Wang Z, Hu L, Wang L, Li J. Angelica Polysaccharide Antagonizes 5-FU-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury to Reduce Apoptosis in the Liver Through Nrf2 Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720620. [PMID: 34485154 PMCID: PMC8415481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents causes hepatotoxicity. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been found to have a variety of side effects, but its toxic effect on the liver and the mechanism are still unclear. Angelica polysaccharide (ASP), the main active ingredient of Dang Gui, has antioxidative stress effects. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic effects of ASP on 5-FU-induced injury in the mouse liver and human normal liver cell line MIHA and the possible mechanism. Our results show that ASP inhibited 5-FU-induced the decrease in Bcl-2 protein and the increase in Bax protein. ASP alleviated 5-FU-induced the increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) content; hepatic steatosis; and liver fibrosis. ASP restored 5-FU-induced swelling of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. 5-FU promoted the expression of Keap1 and increased the binding to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to reduce the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby weakening the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 to inhibit the expression of HO-1; reducing the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT to increase ROS content; and aggravating DNA damage (indicated by the increase in 8-OHdG). However, ASP reversed these reactions. In conclusion, ASP attenuated the 5-FU-induced Nrf2 pathway barrier to reduce oxidative stress injury and thereby inhibit the disorder of lipid anabolism and apoptosis. The study provides a new protectant for reducing the hepatic toxicity caused by 5-FU and a novel target for treating the liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyin Hou
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Omer L, Hindi L, Militello G, Stivers KB, Tien KC, Boyd NL. Familial hypercholesterolemia class II low-density lipoprotein receptor response to statin treatment. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042911. [PMID: 32005714 PMCID: PMC7157586 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) mutations are the primary cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Class II LDLR mutations result in a misfolded LDLR retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have developed a model of FH class II and CRISPR-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) capable of replicating mutant and repaired LDLR functions. We show here that iPSC and derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) replicate misfolded LDLR accumulation and restoration of LDLR function in CRISPR-corrected cells. It was reported that model cells overexpressing class II LDLR mutants result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation of immature LDLR and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We show here that statins induce a similar accumulation of immature LDLR that is resolved with class II correction. We also demonstrate that, although capable of UPR induction with tunicamycin treatment, unlike overexpression models, statin-treated class II iPSC and derived HLC do not induce the common UPR markers Grp78 (also known as HSPA5) or spliced XBP1 [XBP1 (S)]. Because statins are reported to inhibit UPR, we utilized lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) medium, but still did not detect UPR induction at the Grp78 and XBP1 (S) levels. Our study demonstrates the recapitulation of mutant and corrected class II LDLR function and suggests that overexpression models may not accurately predict statin-mediated class II protein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Omer
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lubna Hindi
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Giuseppe Militello
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Katlin B Stivers
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kenneth C Tien
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nolan L Boyd
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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9
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Hunt NJ, Kang SWS, Lockwood GP, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1151-1161. [PMID: 31462971 PMCID: PMC6709368 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the liver demonstrates remarkable resilience during aging, there is growing evidence that it undergoes all the cellular hallmarks of aging, which increases the risk of liver and systemic disease. The aging process in the liver is driven by alterations of the genome and epigenome that contribute to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways, leading to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. These changes promote multiple phenotypic changes in all liver cells (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial, hepatic stellate and Küpffer cells) and impairment of hepatic function. In particular, age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a significant but under-recognized risk factor for the development of age-related cardiometabolic disease. Liver aging is driven by transcription and metabolic epigenome alterations. This leads to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. Hepatocyte, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate and Küpffer cells undergoes the hallmarks of aging. Each cell type demonstrates phenotypical cellular changes with age.
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Key Words
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- CR, caloric restriction
- Endothelial
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- Genetic
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IL-8, interleukin 8
- KC, Küpffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nutrient sensing pathways
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Senescence
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR, microRNA
- αSMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Abstract
Since the pioneering discovery of heat shock proteins in Drosophila by Ferruccio Ritossa in 1960s, a long and exciting journey has been undertaken by molecular biologists and researchers worldwide. Not only lower organisms like worms, yeast, amoeba, and flies but also eukaryotes share common cellular response signals to stressful conditions that can arise from the outside but also from the inside. Moreover, extraordinary interplay between nucleus and subcellular organelles, and between different organelles, like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum called mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), are involved in aging and human diseases like obesity, diabetes, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Actually, we know that to hit abnormal proteostasis and lipid exchanges in the endoplasmic reticulum is crucial to best guide effective therapies or discover new drugs. Indeed, restoration or impairment of endoplasmic reticulum shape and function lead to cellular homeostasis by autophagy or to final death generally by apoptosis or pyroptosis. This Special Issue collects current valuable articles or reviews on cellular stress research and each contribution opens a new window for further studies and hypothesis. I hope that readers interested in this fascinating topic may be stimulated to know more and more.
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Flister KFT, Pinto BAS, França LM, Coêlho CFF, Dos Santos PC, Vale CC, Kajihara D, Debbas V, Laurindo FRM, Paes AMDA. Long-term exposure to high-sucrose diet down-regulates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-stress adaptive pathways and potentiates de novo lipogenesis in weaned male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:155-166. [PMID: 30300835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood consumption of added sugars, such as sucrose, has been associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the mechanisms underlying NAFLD onset are incompletely defined, recent evidence has proposed a role for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the metabolic outcomes of high-sucrose intake on weaned Swiss mice fed a 25% sucrose diet for 30, 60 and 90 days in comparison to regular chow-fed controls. High-sucrose feeding promoted progressive metabolic and oxidative disturbances, starting from fasting and fed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and increased adiposity at 30-days; passing by insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and NAFLD onset at 60 days; until late hepatic oxidative damage at 90 days. In parallel, assessment of transcriptional and/or translational levels of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and ER stress markers showed up-regulation of both fatty acid synthesis (ChREBP and SCD1) and oxidation (PPARα and CPT-1α), as well as overexpression of unfolded protein response sensors (IRE1α, PERK and ATF6), chaperones (GRP78 and PDIA1) and antioxidant defense (NRF2) genes at 30 days. At 60 days, fatty acid oxidation genes were down-regulated, and ER stress switched over toward a proapoptotic pattern via up-regulation of BAK protein and CHOP gene levels. Finally, down-regulation of both NRF2 and CPT-1α protein levels led to late up-regulation of SREBP-1c and exponential raise of fatty acids synthesis. In conclusion, our study originally demonstrates a temporal relationship between DNL and ER stress pathways toward MetS and NAFLD development on weaned rats fed a high-sucrose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Frida Torres Flister
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Pâmela Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caroline Castro Vale
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil.
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Abstract
Triglyceride molecules represent the major form of storage and transport of fatty acids within cells and in the plasma. The liver is the central organ for fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acids accrue in liver by hepatocellular uptake from the plasma and by de novo biosynthesis. Fatty acids are eliminated by oxidation within the cell or by secretion into the plasma within triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoproteins. Notwithstanding high fluxes through these pathways, under normal circumstances the liver stores only small amounts of fatty acids as triglycerides. In the setting of overnutrition and obesity, hepatic fatty acid metabolism is altered, commonly leading to the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes, and to a clinical condition known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we describe the current understanding of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in the liver and its regulation in health and disease, identifying potential directions for future research. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatic fat accumulation are critical to the development of targeted therapies for NAFLD. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1-22, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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