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Woodfield A, Gonzales T, Helmerhorst E, Laws S, Newsholme P, Porter T, Verdile G. Current Insights on the Use of Insulin and the Potential Use of Insulin Mimetics in Targeting Insulin Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415811. [PMID: 36555450 PMCID: PMC9779379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are chronic diseases that share several pathological mechanisms, including insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling. Their shared features have prompted the evaluation of the drugs used to manage diabetes for the treatment of AD. Insulin delivery itself has been utilized, with promising effects, in improving cognition and reducing AD related neuropathology. The most recent clinical trial involving intranasal insulin reported no slowing of cognitive decline; however, several factors may have impacted the trial outcomes. Long-acting and rapid-acting insulin analogues have also been evaluated within the context of AD with a lack of consistent outcomes. This narrative review provided insight into how targeting insulin signalling in the brain has potential as a therapeutic target for AD and provided a detailed update on the efficacy of insulin, its analogues and the outcomes of human clinical trials. We also discussed the current evidence that warrants the further investigation of the use of the mimetics of insulin for AD. These small molecules may provide a modifiable alternative to insulin, aiding in developing drugs that selectively target insulin signalling in the brain with the aim to attenuate cognitive dysfunction and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Woodfield
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tatiana Gonzales
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Erik Helmerhorst
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Simon Laws
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266 5618
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A Treatment to Cure Diabetes Using Plant-Based Drug Discovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8621665. [PMID: 35586686 PMCID: PMC9110154 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8621665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of peptides and proteins has opened up new doors for plant-based medication development because of analytical breakthroughs. Enzymatic breakdown of plant-specific proteins yields bioactive peptides. These plant-based proteins and peptides, in addition to their in vitro and vivo outcomes for diabetes treatment, are discussed in this study. The secondary metabolites of vegetation can interfere with the extraction, separation, characterization, and commercialization of plant proteins through the pharmaceutical industry. Glucose-lowering diabetic peptides are a hot commodity. For a wide range of illnesses, bioactive peptides from flora can offer up new avenues for the development of cost-effective therapy options.
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Interest of HRMS systems in analytical toxicology: Focus on doping products. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lee HJ, Cho HM, Park EJ, Lee BW, Nghiem DT, Pham HTT, Pan CH, Oh WK. Triterpenoid saponins from the leaves and stems of Pericampylus glaucus and their insulin mimetic activities. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105445. [PMID: 34717238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During an attempt to discover insulin mimetics, thirteen new triterpenoid saponins (1-13), including three phytolaccagenic acids (1, 2, and 12) and ten serjanic acids (3-11 and 13), as aglycones were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of leaves and stems from Pericampylus glaucus. The chemical structures of compounds 1-13 were determined through spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR, IR, and HRESIMS. All isolated compounds (1-13) were evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a fluorescent-tagged glucose probe to determine their stimulatory effects on glucose uptake in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Consequently, four compounds (4, 7, 11, and 12) exhibited stimulatory effects on glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Trong Nghiem
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Daniels NA, Cottrill D, Cao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Shriwas P, Qian Y, Archer MW, Whitticar NB, Jahan I, Nunemaker CS, Guo A. Natural Compound α-PGG and Its Synthetic Derivative 6Cl-TGQ Alter Insulin Secretion: Evidence for Diminishing Glucose Uptake as a Mechanism. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:759-772. [PMID: 33658814 PMCID: PMC7917315 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s284295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously we showed that natural compound α-penta-galloyl-glucose (α-PGG) and its synthetic derivative 6-chloro-6-deoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose (6Cl-TGQ) act to improve insulin signaling in adipocytes by increasing glucose transport. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of actions of α-PGG and 6Cl-TGQ on insulin secretion. METHODS Mouse islets and/or INS-1832/13 beta-cells were used to test the effects of our compounds on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i using fura-2AM, glucose transport activity via a radioactive glucose uptake assay, intracellular ATP/ADP, and extracellular acidification (ECAR) and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCAR) using Seahorse metabolic analysis. RESULTS Both compounds reduced GSIS in beta-cells without negatively affecting cell viability. The compounds primarily diminished glucose uptake into islets and beta-cells. Despite insulin-like effects in the peripheral tissues, these compounds do not act through the insulin receptor in islets. Further interrogation of the stimulus-secretion pathway showed that all the key metabolic factors involved in GSIS including ECAR, OCAR, ATP/ADP ratios, and [Ca2+]i of INS-1832/13 cells were diminished after the compound treatment. CONCLUSION The compounds suppress glucose uptake of the beta-cells, which consequently slows down the rates of glycolysis and ATP synthesis, leading to decrease in [Ca2+]i and GSIS. The difference between adipocytes and beta-cells in effects on glucose uptake is of great interest. Further structural and functional modifications could produce new compounds with optimized therapeutic potentials for different target cells. The higher potency of synthetic 6Cl-TGQ in enhancing insulin signaling in adipocytes but lower potency in reducing glucose uptake in beta-cells compared to α-PGG suggests the feasibility of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Chen
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Nigel A Daniels
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - David Cottrill
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yanyang Cao
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yunsheng Li
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Pratik Shriwas
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yanrong Qian
- The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Michael W Archer
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Nicholas B Whitticar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Craig S Nunemaker Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USATel +1 740-593-2387Fax +1 740-593-4795 Email
| | - Aili Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California at Davis (UC Davis) School of Medicine, UC Davis Health Science, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Correspondence: Aili Guo Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California at Davis (UC Davis) School of Medicine, UC Davis Health Science, PSSB, G400, 4150 V St., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USATel +1 916-734-3730Fax +1 916-734-2292 Email
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5-Aryl-furan derivatives bearing a phenylalanine- or isoleucine-derived rhodanine moiety as potential PTP1B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104483. [PMID: 33268007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 5-aryl-furan derivatives bearing a phenylalanine- or isoleucine-derived rhodanine moiety were identified as competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors. Among the compounds studied, 5g was found to have the best PTP1B inhibitory potency (IC50 = 2.66 ± 0.16 µM) and the best cell division cycle 25 homolog B (CDC25B) inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.02 µM). Enzymatic data together with molecular modeling results demonstrated that the introduction of a sec-butyl group at the 2-position of the carboxyl group remarkably improved the PTP1B inhibitory activity.
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He XF, Chen JJ, Li TZ, Zhang XK, Guo YQ, Zhang XM, Hu J, Geng CA. Nineteen New Flavanol-Fatty Alcohol Hybrids with α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Dual Inhibition: One Unusual Type of Antidiabetic Constituent from Amomum tsao-ko. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11434-11448. [PMID: 32965110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko were first revealed to have hypoglycemic effects on db/db mice at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. In order to clarify the antidiabetic constituents, 19 new flavanol-fatty alcohol hybrids, tsaokoflavanols A-S (1-19), were isolated and determined by extensive spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. Most of the compounds showed α-glucosidase and PTP1B dual inhibition, among which 1, 2, 6, 11, and 18 exhibited obvious activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 5.2-9.0 μM, 20-35 times stronger than that of acarbose (IC50, 180.0 μM); meanwhile, 6, 10-12, and 19 were PTP1B/TCPTP-selective inhibitors with IC50 values of 56.4-80.4 μM, 2-4 times stronger than that of suramin sodium (IC50, 200.5 μM). Enzyme kinetics study indicated that compounds 1, 2, 6, and 11 were α-glucosidase and PTP1B mixed-type inhibitors with Ki values of 13.0, 11.7, 2.9, and 5.3 μM and 142.3, 88.9, 39.2, and 40.8 μM, respectively. Docking simulations proved the importance of hemiacetal hydroxy, the orientation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl, and the length of alkyl in binding with α-glucosidase and PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ke Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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An JP, Park EJ, Ryu B, Lee BW, Cho HM, Doan TP, Pham HTT, Oh WK. Oleanane Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum and Their Insulin Mimetic Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1265-1274. [PMID: 32237726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During an effort to find insulin mimetic compounds, the leaves of Gymnema inodorum were shown to have a stimulatory effect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation on a 70% ethanol extract of G. inodorum was applied to yield two new (1 and 2) and two known (8 and 9) oleanane triterpenoids with a methyl anthranilate moiety together with five further new oleanane triterpenoids (3-7). The chemical structures of all isolates were determined based on their spectroscopic data, including IR, UV, NMR, and mass spectrometric analysis. The isolated compounds (1-9) were determined for their stimulatory activities on glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a fluorescent-tagged glucose probe. Three compounds (3, 5, and 9) showed stimulatory effects on the uptake of 2-NBDG in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Chemicals with a methyl anthranilate moiety have been considered as crucial contributors of flavor odor in foods, and quantitative analysis showed the content of compound 8 to be 0.90 ± 0.01 mg/g of the total extract. These results suggest that the leaves of G. inodorum have the potential to be used as an antidiabetic functional food or tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Cheng M. Computational Strategy Revealing the Structural Determinant of Ligand Selectivity towards Highly Similar Protein Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:76-88. [PMID: 31556854 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor selectivity of drug candidates may lead to toxicity and side effects accounting for as high as 60% failure rate, thus, the selectivity is consistently significant and challenging for drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To find highly specific small molecules towards very similar protein targets, multiple strategies are always employed, including (1) To make use of the diverse shape of binding pocket to avoid steric bump; (2) To increase binding affinities for favorite residues; (3) To achieve selectivity through allosteric regulation of target; (4) To stabalize the inactive conformation of protein target and (5) To occupy dual binding pockets of single target. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize computational strategies along with examples of their successful applications in designing selective ligands, with the aim to provide insights into everdiversifying drug development practice and inspire medicinal chemists to utilize computational strategies to avoid potential side effects due to low selectivity of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Patil SP, Goswami A, Kalia K, Kate AS. Plant-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Treatment to Cure Diabetes. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019; 26:955-968. [PMID: 32435169 PMCID: PMC7223764 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent advances in analytical techniques have opened new opportunities for plant-based drug discovery in the field of peptide and proteins. Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant parent proteins forms bioactive peptides which are explored in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will discuss the identified plant-based bioactive proteins and peptides and the in vitro, in vivo results for the treatment of diabetes. Extraction, isolation, characterization and commercial utilization of plant proteins is a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry as plants contain several interfering secondary metabolites. The market of peptide drugs for the treatment of diabetes is growing at a fast rate. Plant-based bioactive peptides might open up new opportunities to discover economic lead for the management of various diseases. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital P. Patil
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Ashutosh Goswami
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Abhijeet S. Kate
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Li X, Xu Q, Li C, Luo J, Li X, Wang L, Jiang B, Shi D. Toward a treatment of diabesity: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of uncharged bromophenol derivatives as a new series of PTP1B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:178-185. [PMID: 30711829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been considered as a validated biological target for type 2 diabetes treatment, but past endeavors to develop inhibitors of PTP1B into drugs have been unsuccessful. Two challenging aspects are selective inhibition and cell permeability. A structure-based strategy was employed to develop uncharged bromophenols as a new series of PTP1B inhibitors. The most potent compound 22 (LXQ46) inhibited PTP1B with an IC50 value of 0.190 μM, and showed remarkable selectivity over other protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs, 20-200 folds). In the SPR study, increasing concentrations of compound 22 led to concentration-dependent increases in binding responses, indicating that compound 22 could bind to the surface of PTP1B via noncovalent means. By treating insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes with compound 22, enhanced insulin and leptin signaling pathways were observed. Long-term oral administration of compound 22 reduced the blood glucose level of diabetic BKS db mice. The glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) in BKS db mice showed that oral administration of compound 22 could increase insulin sensitivity. In addition, long-term oral administration of compound 22 could protect mice from obesity, which was not the result of toxicity. Our pharmacokinetics results from the rat-based assays showed that orally administered compound 22 was absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract, extensively distributed to the tissues, and rapidly eliminated from the body. All these results indicate that compound 22 could serve as a qualified agent to treat type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Bailey CJ, Day C. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: future approaches. Br Med Bull 2018; 126:123-137. [PMID: 29897499 DOI: 10.1093/brimed/ldy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for ~90% of all diabetes, is a heterogeneous and progressive disease with a variety of causative and potentiating factors. The hyperglycaemia of type 2 diabetes is often inadequately controlled, hence the need for a wider selection of glucose-lowering treatments. SOURCES OF DATA Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Early, effective and sustained control of blood glucose defers the onset and reduces the severity of microvascular and neuropathic complications of type 2 diabetes and helps to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Newer glucose-lowering agents require extensive long-term studies to confirm CV safety. The positioning of newer agents within therapeutic algorithms varies. GROWING POINTS In addition to their glucose-lowering efficacy, some new glucose-lowering agents may act independently to reduce CV and renal complications. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Studies of potential new glucose-lowering agents offer the opportunity to safely improve glycaemic control with prolonged efficacy and greater opportunity for therapeutic individualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
- Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; Birmingham Health Partners; Birmingham UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology; Birmingham Heartlands Hospital; Birmingham UK
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14
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The design strategy of selective PTP1B inhibitors over TCPTP. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3343-52. [PMID: 27353889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has already been well studied as a highly validated therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. However, the lack of selectivity limited further studies and clinical applications of PTP1B inhibitors, especially over T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). In this review, we enumerate the published specific inhibitors of PTP1B, discuss the structure-activity relationships by analysis of their X-ray structures or docking results, and summarize the characteristic of selectivity related residues and groups. Furthermore, the design strategy of selective PTP1B inhibitors over TCPTP is also proposed. We hope our work could provide an effective way to gain specific PTP1B inhibitors.
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15
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Bailey CJ, Tahrani AA, Barnett AH. Future glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:350-9. [PMID: 26809680 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multivariable and progressive natural history of type 2 diabetes limits the effectiveness of available glucose-lowering drugs. Constraints imposed by comorbidities (notably cardiovascular disease and renal impairment) and the need to avoid hypoglycaemia, weight gain, and drug interactions further complicate the treatment process. These challenges have prompted the development of new formulations and delivery methods for existing drugs alongside research into novel pharmacological entities. Advances in incretin-based therapies include a miniature implantable osmotic pump to give continuous delivery of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for 6-12 months and once-weekly tablets of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Hybrid molecules that combine the properties of selected incretins and other peptides are at early stages of development, and proof of concept has been shown for small non-peptide molecules to activate glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. Additional sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors are progressing in development as well as possible new insulin-releasing biological agents and small-molecule inhibitors of glucagon action. Adiponectin receptor agonists, selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, cellular glucocorticoid inhibitors, and analogues of fibroblast growth factor 21 are being considered as potential new approaches to glucose lowering. Compounds that can enhance insulin receptor and post-receptor signalling cascades or directly promote selected pathways of glucose metabolism have suggested opportunities for future treatments. However, pharmacological interventions that are able to restore normal β-cell function and β-cell mass, normalise insulin action, and fully correct glucose homoeostasis are a distant vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony H Barnett
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Mosa RA, Cele ND, Mabhida SE, Shabalala SC, Penduka D, Opoku AR. In vivo antihyperglycemic activity of a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26205060 PMCID: PMC6331905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of postprandial hyperglycemia is crucial in the management of diabetes mellitus. Despite the use of the current hypoglycemic drugs, incidence of diabetes and related diseases continue to increase. This study aimed at evaluating the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA-3), a lanosteryl triterpene isolated, and characterized from Protorhus longifolia stem bark. Spectroscopic data analysis was used to establish and verify the structure of the triterpene. The antihyperglycemic activity of the triterpene was evaluated in an STZ-induced diabetes rat model. The experimental animals were orally administered with RA-3 (100 mg/kg body weight) daily for 14 days. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. The animals were euthanized and biochemical analysis of antioxidant status, some glycolytic enzymes and glycogen content were conducted on serum and liver samples, respectively. RA-3 exhibited hypoglycemic activity by reducing blood glucose levels by 37%. The triterpene also improved glucose tolerance in the diabetic rats. Relatively higher hepatic glycogen content, hexokinase and glucokinase activity with a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity were observed in the triterpene-treated diabetic group when compared with the diabetic control group. The triterpene treatment further increased antioxidant status of the diabetic animals; increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed along with a decrease in malondialdehyde content. The results indicate potential pharmaceutical effects of lanosteryl triterpene in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Nkosinathi D Cele
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Samkelisiwe C Shabalala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Dambudzo Penduka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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17
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Altaf QA, Barnett AH, Tahrani AA. Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:319-34. [PMID: 25308775 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Hence improving IR is a major target of treatment in patients with T2D. Obesity and lack of exercise are major causes of IR. However, recent evidence implicates sleep disorders and disorders of the circadian rhythm in the pathogenesis of IR. Weight loss and lifestyle changes are the cornerstone and most effective treatments of IR, but adherence and patient's acceptability are poor. Bariatric surgery results in significant and sustainable long-term weight loss associated with beneficial impact on IR and glucose metabolism, making this an attractive treatment option for patients with T2D. Currently available pharmacological options targeting IR (such as metformin and thiazolidinediones) do not maintain glycaemic measures within targets long term and can be associated with significant side effects. Over the last two decades, many pharmacological agents targeting different aspects of the insulin signalling pathway were developed to improve IR, but only a minority reached clinical trials. Such treatments need to be specific and reversible as many of the components of the insulin signalling pathway are involved in other cellular functions such as apoptosis. Recent evidence highlighted the role of circadian rhythm and sleep-related disorders in the pathogenesis of IR. In this article, we review the latest developments in the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions targeting IR including bariatric surgery. We will also review the role of circadian rhythm and sleep-related disorders in the development and treatment of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-A Altaf
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Hreha J, Wey A, Cunningham C, Krell ES, Brietbart EA, Paglia DN, Montemurro NJ, Nguyen DA, Lee YJ, Komlos D, Lim E, Benevenia J, O'Connor JP, Lin SS. Local manganese chloride treatment accelerates fracture healing in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:122-30. [PMID: 25231276 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of local delivery of manganese chloride (MnCl2), an insulin-mimetic compound, upon fracture healing using a rat femoral fracture model. Mechanical testing, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess early and late parameters of fracture healing. At 4 weeks post-fracture, maximum torque to failure was 70% higher (P<0.05) and maximum torsional rigidity increased 133% (P<0.05) in animals treated with 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 compared to saline controls. Histological analysis of the fracture callus revealed percent new mineralized tissue was 17% higher (P<0.05) at day 10. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 treated group, compared to saline controls, showed a 379% increase in the density of VEGF-C+ cells. In addition, compared to saline controls, the 0.125 mg/kg MnCl2 treated group showed a 233% and 150% increase in blood vessel density in the subperiosteal region at day 10 post-fracture as assessed by detection of PECAM and smooth muscle α actin, respectively. The results suggest that local MnCl2 treatment accelerates fracture healing by increasing mechanical parameters via a potential mechanism of amplified early angiogenesis leading to increased osteogenesis. Therefore, local administration of MnCl2 is a potential therapeutic adjunct for fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hreha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 7300, Newark, New Jersey, 07103
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Sharma DK, Pandey J, Tamrakar AK, Mukherjee D. Synthesis of heteroaryl/aryl kojic acid conjugates as stimulators of glucose uptake by GLUT4 translocation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:727-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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