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Yan K. Recent advances in the effect of adipose tissue inflammation on insulin resistance. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111229. [PMID: 38763181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for diabetes. Excessive accumulation of fat leads to inflammation of adipose tissue, which can increase the risk of developing diabetes. Obesity-related chronic inflammation can result in anomalies in glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and it is a major cause of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Thus, a long-term tissue inflammatory response is crucial for metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation associated with obesity increases oxidative stress, secretes inflammatory factors, modifies endocrine variables, and interferes with insulin signalling pathways, all of which contribute to insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance and diabetes are ultimately caused by chronic inflammation in the stomach, pancreas, liver, muscle, and fat tissues. In this article, we systematically summarize the latest research progress on the mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, as well as the mechanisms of cross-talk between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, with a view to providing some meaningful therapeutic strategies for the treatment of insulin resistance by controlling adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Yan
- The Second Clinical College of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Lan X, Li B, Zhao J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Chen W, Yang B. Probiotic intervention improves metabolic outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1683-1695. [PMID: 38815494 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a randomized controlled trial meta-analysis and provide concise and specific recommendations for clinical practice optimization of gestational diabetes for probiotics. METHODS Up until May 2023, we conducted a thorough, systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, and Embase. Stata software was used to merge the resulting data from the original studies. Cochran's Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate and quantify heterogeneity. The GRADE method was used to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed through a leave-one-out meta-analysis, a Galbraith plot, and a subgroup analysis. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials with a total of 713 participants was finally conducted. Our findings indicated the administration of probiotics at a median dosage of 6 × 109 CFU/day led to a substantial improvement in fasting glucose levels (MD: -4.16 mg/dL [95% CI: -6.78, -1.54]; P < 0.001), fasting insulin levels (MD: -3.33 μIU/ml [95% CI: -4.92, -1.74]; P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71 [95% CI: -0.97, -0.45]; P < 0.001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (MD: 0.01 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.02]; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that probiotic intervention exerted a more significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in patients with higher baseline BMI and glucose levels, and reduced fasting insulin more markedly in those with elevated baseline insulin. According to the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence for fasting blood glucose and QUICKI was rated as "high", while the quality for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR was rated as "moderate". CONCLUSIONS Probiotic intervention has been shown to significantly decrease levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, while elevating QUICKI levels in patients with GDM, underscoring the potential utility of probiotics in the adjunctive management of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Lu TJ, Chiou WC, Huang HC, Pan HC, Sun CY, Way TD, Huang C. Modulation of gut microbiota by crude gac aril polysaccharides ameliorates diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133164. [PMID: 38878919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health challenge that causes metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk of various chronic diseases. The gut microbiome is crucial in modulating host energy metabolism, immunity, and inflammation and is influenced by dietary factors. Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis), widely consumed in Southeast Asia, has been proven to have various biological activities. However, the composition and effect of crude gac aril polysaccharides (GAP) on obesity and gut microbiota disturbed by high-fat diet (HFD) remain to be elucidated. Compositional analysis showed that GAP contains high oligosaccharides, with an average of 7-8 saccharide units. To mimic clinical obesity, mice were first made obese by feeding HFD for eight weeks. GAP intervention was performed from week 9 to week 20 in HFD-fed mice. Our results showed that GAP inhibited body weight gain, eWAT adipocyte hypertrophy, adipokine derangement, and hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced obese mice. GAP improved insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis. GAP modulated the gut microbiota composition and reversed the HFD-induced dysbiosis of at least 20 genera. Taken together, GAP improves metabolic health and modulates the gut microbiome to relieve obesity risk factors, demonstrating the potential of dietary GAP for treating obesity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jung Lu
- Department of Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Chiou
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan; Department of Applied Science, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chih Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 204201, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 204201, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan.
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Tian W, Liu L, Wang R, Quan Y, Tang B, Yu D, Zhang L, Hua H, Zhao J. Gut microbiota in insulin resistance: a bibliometric analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:173-188. [PMID: 38932838 PMCID: PMC11196565 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is considered the pathogenic driver of diabetes, and can lead to obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, and other metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the connection between gut microbiota and IR. This bibliometric analysis aimed to summarize the knowledge structure of gut microbiota in IR. Methods Articles and reviews related to gut microbiota in IR from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and the bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed by Microsoft Excel, Origin, R package (bibliometrix), Citespace, and VOSviewer. Results A total of 4 749 publications from WoSCC were retrieved, including 3 050 articles and 1 699 reviews. The majority of publications were from China and USA. The University Copenhagen and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the most active institutions. The journal of Nutrients published the most papers, while Nature was the top 1 co-cited journal, and the major area of these publications was molecular, biology, and immunology. Nieuwdorp M published the highest number of papers, and Cani PD had the highest co-citations. Keyword analysis showed that the most frequently occurring keywords were "gut microbiota", "insulin-resistance", "obesity", and "inflammation". Trend topics and thematic maps showed that serum metabolome and natural products, such as resveratrol, flavonoids were the research hotspots in this field. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis summarised the hotspots, frontiers, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies, providing a clear and comprehensive profile of gut microbiota in IR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01342-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tian
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Quan
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Bihua Tang
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Hua
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Lab.: Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
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Olmedo M, Santiago S, Romanos-Nanclares A, Aramendia-Beitia JM, Sanchez-Bayona R, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Toledo E. Dietary carbohydrate quality index and incidence of obesity-related cancers in the "Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra" (SUN) prospective cohort. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03438-3. [PMID: 38814364 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrate intake may play a major role in the etiology of obesity-related cancers (ORCs). We assessed the association between a previously defined carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of developing ORCs in the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort. METHODS A total of 18,446 Spanish university graduates [mean age 38 years (SD 12 years), 61% women, mean BMI 23.5 kg/m2 (SD 3.5 kg/m2)], with no personal history of cancer, were followed-up. Baseline CQI was assessed summing quintiles of four previously defined criteria: high dietary fiber intake, low glycemic index (GI), high whole-grain: total-grain carbohydrates ratio and high solid carbohydrates: total carbohydrates ratio. Participants were classified into tertiles of their total CQI. Incident ORCs were confirmed by an oncologist using medical records and by querying the National Death Index blindly to dietary exposures. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 269 incident cases of ORC were confirmed. A higher CQI was inversely associated with ORC incidence [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the upper (T3) versus the lowest tertile (T1) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.96), p for trend = 0.047]. Particularly, higher dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with ORC, HRT3 vs. T1=0.57 (95% CI 0.37-0.88 p for trend = 0.013). CONCLUSION In this prospective Mediterranean cohort, an inverse association between a better global quality of carbohydrate intake and the risk of ORCs was found. Strategies for cancer prevention should promote a higher quality of carbohydrate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olmedo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Santiago
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Romanos-Nanclares
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Aramendia-Beitia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Sanchez-Bayona
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - E Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Wu D, Wang Y, Sun J, Wang X, Huang Y, Sun M. Bioinformatics study of the potential therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rh3 in reversing insulin resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1339973. [PMID: 38845779 PMCID: PMC11153663 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1339973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence of insulin resistance is increasing, and it can cause a variety of Metabolic syndrome. Ginsenosides have been clinically proven to improve fat metabolism and reduce insulin resistance, but their components and mechanism of action are still unclear. Objective Ginsenoside, a bioactive compound derived from ginseng, exhibits significant potential in treating obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Despite evidence supporting its efficacy in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) in obesity, the specific bioactive components and underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we endeavored to elucidate the potential molecular targets and pathways influenced by ginsenoside Rh3 (GRh3) to ameliorate IR in liver tissue. We employed a comprehensive approach that integrates system pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Materials and methods Our methodology involved the identification of candidate targets for GRh3 and the profiling of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to IR in individuals with insulin resistance. The coalescence of candidate targets and DEGs facilitated the construction of a "GRh3-targets-disease" network for each tissue type, ultimately yielding 38 shared target genes. Subsequently, we conducted pathway enrichment analysis, established protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and identified hub targets among the GRh3 targets and IR-related DEGs. Additionally, we conducted animal experiments to corroborate the role of these hub targets in the context of GRh3. Results Our investigation identified a total of 38 overlapping targets as potential candidates. Notably, our analysis revealed crucial hub targets such as EGFR, SRC, ESR1, MAPK1, and CASP3, alongside implicated signaling pathways, including those related to insulin resistance, the FoxO signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. This study establishes a robust foundation for the mechanisms underlying GRh3's efficacy in mitigating IR. Furthermore, these results suggest that GRh3 may serve as a representative compound within the ginsenoside family. Conclusion This study elucidates the potential molecular targets and associated pathways through which GRh3 ameliorates IR, showcasing its multifaceted nature, spanning multiple targets, pathways, and mechanisms. These findings establish a robust foundation for subsequent experimental inquiries and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital) Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongming Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Intensive Care Unit II, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital) Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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de Oliveira Almeida G, Nienkötter TF, Balieiro CCA, Pasqualotto E, Cintra JB, Carvalho HCP, Silva ALS, Kabariti JC, Minucci BS, Bertoli ED, Guida CM. Cardiovascular Benefits of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients Living with Obesity or Overweight: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40256-024-00647-3. [PMID: 38734847 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-024-00647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as an effective therapeutic class for weight loss. However, the efficacy of these agents in reducing cardiovascular endpoints among patients living with obesity or overweight is unclear. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1 RAs versus placebo in patients with obesity or overweight. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 13 RCTs were included, with 30,512 patients. Compared with placebo, GLP-1 RAs reduced systolic blood pressure (MD - 4.76 mmHg; 95% CI - 6.03, - 3.50; p < 0.001; I2 = 100%) and diastolic blood pressure (MD - 1.41 mmHg; 95% CI - 2.64, - 0.17; p = 0.03; I2 = 100%). GLP-1 RA significantly reduced the occurrence of myocardial infarction (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.61, 0.85; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). There were no significant differences between groups in unstable angina (UA; RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65, 1.07; p = 0.16; I2 = 0%), stroke (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.74, 1.12; p = 0.38; I2 = 0%), atrial fibrillation (AF; RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.17, 1.43; p = 0.19; I2 = 22%), and deep vein thrombosis (RR 0.30; 95% CI 0.06, 1.40; p = 0.13; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS In patients living with obesity or overweight, GLP-1 RA reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the occurrence of myocardial infarction, with a neutral effect on the occurrence of UA, stroke, AF, and deep vein thrombosis. REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier number CRD42023475226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Frei Paulino street, n 30, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Eric Pasqualotto
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Júlia Braga Cintra
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Frei Paulino street, n 30, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Laura Soares Silva
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Frei Paulino street, n 30, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Camargo Kabariti
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Frei Paulino street, n 30, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Silvestre Minucci
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Frei Paulino street, n 30, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Mota Guida
- Department of Cardiology, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saraswathi V, Ai W, Kumar V, Sharma K, Gopal T, Kumar N, Malhi H, Sehrawat T, Desouza CV. A Pilot Study on the Proteomics Profile of Serum Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles from Normal versus Individuals with Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:799. [PMID: 38672154 PMCID: PMC11048419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) have drawn considerable importance in obesity-related insulin-resistance (IR). We sought to compare the proteomics profile of serum exosomes from normal individuals and those with obesity and IR. METHODS We isolated serum exosomes from male subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (Ob-IR, HOMA-IR > 2.0) and lean/overweight insulin-sensitive (Normal (N), HOMA-IR < 2.0) individuals. The differential protein expression between the two groups was detected by a label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis followed by GO annotation and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). RESULTS We identified 23 upregulated and 46 downregulated proteins between Ob-IR and N groups. Some of these proteins are involved in altering insulin signaling (VPS13C, TBC1D32, TTR, and ADIPOQ), inflammation (NFκB and CRP), and B-cell proliferation/activation (IGLV4-69, IGKV1D-13, and IGHV4-28). GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are mainly involved in regulating immune cell activation and are located in extracellular space. IPA analysis showed that top molecules mediating IR, inflammation and B-cell activation were upregulated in Ob-IR subjects compared to N subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum exosomal proteins can be used as biomarkers to identify the future risk of diabetes and a therapeutic target to prevent or slow down the progression of diabetes in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (V.S.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weilun Ai
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (V.S.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (V.S.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (V.S.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (T.S.)
| | - Tejasav Sehrawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (T.S.)
| | - Cyrus V. Desouza
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (V.S.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Sun ML, Yao W, Wang XY, Gao S, Varady KA, Forslund SK, Zhang M, Shi ZY, Cao F, Zou BJ, Sun MH, Liu KX, Bao Q, Xu J, Qin X, Xiao Q, Wu L, Zhao YH, Zhang DY, Wu QJ, Gong TT. Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102519. [PMID: 38500840 PMCID: PMC10945168 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Benefits of Intermittent fasting (IF) on health-related outcomes have been found in a range of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our umbrella review aimed to systematically analyze and synthesize the available causal evidence on IF and its impact on specific health-related outcomes while evaluating its evidence quality. Methods We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (from inception up to 8 January 2024) to identify related systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs investigating the association between IF and human health outcomes. We recalculated the effect sizes for each meta-analysis as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed for populations based on three specific status: diabetes, overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023382004). Findings A total of 351 associations from 23 meta-analyses with 34 health outcomes were included in the study. A wide range of outcomes were investigated, including anthropometric measures (n = 155), lipid profiles (n = 83), glycemic profiles (n = 57), circulatory system index (n = 41), appetite (n = 9), and others (n = 6). Twenty-one (91%) meta-analyses with 346 associations were rated as high confidence according to the AMSTAR criteria. The summary effects estimates were significant at p < 0.05 in 103 associations, of which 10 (10%) were supported by high certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Specifically, compared with non-intervention diet in adults with overweight or obesity, IF reduced waist circumference (WC) (MD = -1.02 cm; 95% CI: -1.99 to -0.06; p = 0.038), fat mass (MD = -0.72 kg; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.12; p = 0.019), fasting insulin (SMD = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.40 to -0.02; p = 0.030), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.02; p = 0.027), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; p = 0.003), and triacylglycerols (TG) (SMD = -0.23; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.06; p = 0.007), but increased fat free mass (FFM) (MD = 0.98 kg; 95% CI: 0.18-1.78; p = 0.016). Of note, compared with the non-intervention diet, modified alternate-day fasting (MADF) reduced fat mass (MD = -0.70 kg; 95% CI: -1.38 to -0.02; p = 0.044). In people with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes, IF increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) (MD = 0.03 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05; p = 0.010). However, IF was less effective at reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) than a CER diet in adults with overweight or obesity (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.36; p = 0.008). Interpretation Our findings suggest that IF may have beneficial effects on a range of health outcomes for adults with overweight or obesity, compared to CER or non-intervention diet. Specifically, IF may decreased WC, fat mass, LDL-C, TG, TC, fasting insulin, and SBP, while increasing HDL-C and FFM. Notably, it is worth noting that the SBP lowering effect of IF appears to be weaker than that of CER. Funding This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Q-JW), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Q-JW and T-TG), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (Q-JW), and 345 Talent Project of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (T-TG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zan-Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Zou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Xin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Iqbal R, Azhar I, Akhtar MF, Mahmood ZA, Hamid I, Saleem A, Basheer E, El-Saber Batiha G, El-Gazzar AM, Mahmoud MH. Combination therapy with Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum, and Cicer arietinum exhibited anti-diabetic potential through modulation of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26126. [PMID: 38384558 PMCID: PMC10879019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-herbal therapies for chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) have been practiced in south Asia for centuries. One of such therapies comprises of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum that have shown encouraging therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, poly-herbal granules (PHGs) of this formula were developed and investigated for their anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in obese-diabetic rats. The developed PHGs were chemical characterized and the virtual molecular docking was performed by Discovery studio visualizer (DSV) software. For in-vivo experiment, obesity in rats was induced with high-fat high-sugar diet. After that, diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/kg i.p. injection. The diseased rats were treated with PHGs at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg/day for four weeks. GC-MS analysis of PHGs demonstrated the presence of 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-isooctyl ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl). Molecular docking of these compounds demonstrated higher binding energies with receptor than metformin against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. PHGs exhibited a decline in body weight, HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in diseased rats. The histopathological examination revealed that PHGs improved the alloxan-induced damage to the pancreas. Furthermore, PHGs increased the SOD, CAT and GSH while and the decreased the level of MDA in the liver, kidney and pancreas of diseased rats. Additionally, the PHGs had significantly downregulated the TNF-α and NF-κB while upregulated the expression of NrF-2. The current study demonstrated that the PHGs exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential through amelioration of oxidative stress, NF-κB, TNF-α, and NrF-2 due to the presence of different phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azhar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Alam Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Basheer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, college of science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Klimczak S, Śliwińska A. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation in insulin resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:185-192. [PMID: 36109307 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on the study of changes in gene expression based on modifications that do not interfere with the DNA sequence, such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Epigenetic changes regulate the expression of many genes, including inflammatory ones. Chronic inflammation is often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), which is characteristic of inter alia type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that altered epigenetic signature in the promoter regions of inflammatory genes may contribute to the development of IR. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the epigenetic regulation of inflammation in IR. It includes original papers published from 2014 to 2022. It appears that hypomethylation of the SOCS3 gene increases the risk of IR, while the alteration of H3K4me in the NF-kB promoter promotes changes in inflammatory phenotype. Finally, in hyperglycemic states associated with IR, altered levels of H3K4/K9m3 and H3K9/K14ac result in increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. In addition, numerous miRNAs have been identified that may become a target in the fight against diseases related to inflammation and IR. Future studies should examine the epigenetic modifications of IR inflammatory markers associated with environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klimczak
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; AllerGen, Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland.
| | - A Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Tak Y, Kaur M, Chitranashi A, Samota MK, Verma P, Bali M, Kumawat C. Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280100. [PMID: 38371502 PMCID: PMC10873921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body's tissues and organs. Diabetes impairs glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. Diabetes modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and Protein kinase C (PKC)/- glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) glucose absorption, and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Diabetes may also be caused by a decrease in the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), as well as a decrease in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase12, and Caspase3 proteins. Diabetes has long been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids in the prevention of diabetes by altering cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin is a new nutraceutical on the market that claims to cure diabetes in particular. This article focuses on diosgenin extraction and purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties of diosgenin, mode of action of diosgenin to cure diabetes, and dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Chitranashi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manoj Bali
- School of Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Gui J, Mei Y, Yang X, Liu H, Guo LL, Li J, Lei Y, Li X, Sun L, Yang L, Yuan T, Wang C, Zhang D, Li J, Liu M, Hua Y, Zhang L. Obesity- and lipid-related indices as a predictor of type 2 diabetes in a national cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1331739. [PMID: 38356678 PMCID: PMC10864443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1331739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major and widespread public health concern throughout the world. The prevalence of T2DM in the elderly has risen to the top of the list of public health concerns. In this study, obesity- and lipid-related indices were used to predict T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. Methods The data came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 7902 middle-aged and elderly participants aged 45 years or above. The study assessed the association of obesity- and lipid-related indices and T2DM by measuring 13 indicators, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index(CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), triglyceride glucose index (TyG-index) and its correlation index (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR). The association of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices with T2DM was investigated by binary logistic regression. Additionally, the predictive anthropometric index was evaluated, and the ideal cut-off value was established using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Results The study included 7902 participants, of whom 3638(46.04) and 4264(53.96) were male and female. The prevalence of T2DM in mid-aged and old adults in China was 9.02% in males and 9.15% in females. All the above 13 indicators show a modest predictive power (AUC>0.5), which was significant for predicting T2DM in adults (middle-aged and elderly people) in China (P<0.05). The results revealed that TyG-WHtR [AUC =0.600, 95%CI: 0.566-0.634] in males and in females [AUC =0.664, 95%CI: 0.636-0.691] was the best predictor of T2DM (P<0.05). Conclusion Most obesity- and lipid-related indices have important value in predicting T2DM. Our results can provide measures for the early identification of T2DM in mid-aged and elderly Chinese to reduce the prevalence of T2DM and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Jiaofeng Gui
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Yujin Mei
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Lei-lei Guo
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Linghe District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry in Hebei Province, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Rehabilitation Nursing, School of Nursing, Wanna Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, An Hui, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, An Hui, China
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14
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Kim G, Lee J, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Impact on Adipogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated. Nutrients 2023; 15:5082. [PMID: 38140341 PMCID: PMC10745682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis, which encompasses the differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Sustained ER stress has the potential to disrupt the signaling of the unfolded protein response (UPR), thereby influencing adipogenesis. This comprehensive review illuminates the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interplay between ER stress and adipogenesis. We delve into the dysregulation of UPR pathways, namely, IRE1-XBP1, PERK and ATF6 in relation to adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue inflammation. Moreover, we scrutinize how ER stress impacts key adipogenic transcription factors such as proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) along with their interaction with other signaling pathways. The cellular ramifications include alterations in lipid metabolism, dysregulation of adipokines, and aged adipose tissue inflammation. We also discuss the potential roles the molecular chaperones cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B play in adipogenesis. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between ER stress and adipogenesis, this review paves the way for devising innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Kuang L, Yang K, Xie J, Liu X, Shen S, Li X, Wu S, Yang Y, Shi J, Wu J, Wang Y. Effects of probiotics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1029-1042. [PMID: 37674033 PMCID: PMC10600003 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are commonly used after bariatric surgery. However, uncertainty remains regarding their effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effect of probiotics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 4, 2023. No language restrictions were applied. Relevant randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included. We used the aggregated data extracted from the trials and assessed the heterogeneity. When severe heterogeneity was detected, a random effect model was used. All stages of the review were done by independent authors. RESULTS We screened 2024 references and included 11 randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Compared with the protocol groups, probiotics showed significant effects on regulating aspartate amino transferase level (MD = -4.32 U/L; 95% CI [-7.10, -1.53], p = 0.002), triglycerides (MD = -20.16 mg/dL; 95% CI [-34.51, -5.82], p = 0.006), weight (MD = -1.99 kg; 95% CI [-3.97, -0.01], p = 0.05), vitamin B12 (MD = 2.24 pg/dL; 95% CI [-0.02, 4.51], p = 0.05), dietary energy (MD = -151.03 kcal; 95% CI [-215.68, -86.37], p < 0.00001), dietary protein (MD = -4.48 g/day, 95% CI [-8.76, -0.20], p = 0.04), dietary carbohydrate (MD = -34.25 g/day, 95% CI [-44.87, -23.62], p < 0.00001), and dietary fiber (MD = -2.17 g/day, 95% CI [-3.21, -1.14], p < 0.0001). There were no severe side effects related to probiotics. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that probiotics may delay the progression of liver function injury, improve lipid metabolism, reduce weight, and reduce food intake, although the effects on other indicators were insignificant. Probiotics may be helpful for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42023407970. No primary source of funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Youwei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaji Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinchao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiafei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Faiz H, Heiston EM, Malin SK. β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Relates to Favorable Glucose Metabolism through Adiponectin in Adults with Obesity Independent of Prediabetes. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:4618215. [PMID: 37780967 PMCID: PMC10539091 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4618215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is secreted by skeletal muscle and promotes insulin sensitivity, fat oxidation, and anti-inflammation. While BAIBA is purportedly lower in individuals with obesity, no work has examined if prediabetes (PD) differentially impacts BAIBA concentrations in people with obesity. Methods. Adults were classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT; n = 22 (20F); 48.0 ± 2.4 yrs; 36.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2) or PD (n = 23 (18F); 54.2 ± 1.6 yrs; 38.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2) based on ADA criteria. A 180-minute 75 g OGTT was used to estimate fasting (HOMA-IR (liver)) and postprandial (Matsuda index (muscle)) insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function (disposition index (DI), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion adjusted for insulin sensitivity). Body composition and fasting measures of BAIBA, fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry), and adipokines were determined. Results. NGT and PD had similar BAIBA concentrations (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 μM, P = 0.23) and fat oxidation (P = 0.31), despite NGT having lower fasting (92.2 ± 1.2 vs. 104.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL, P = 0.002) and tAUC180min glucose (P < 0.001) compared to PD. Moreover, NGT had higher postprandial insulin sensitivity (P = 0.01) and higher total phase DIliver (P = 0.003) and DImuscle (P = 0.001). Increased BAIBA was associated with adiponectin (r = 0.37, P = 0.02), adiponectin/leptin ratio (r = 0.39, P = 0.01), and lower glucose and insulin at 180 minutes (r = -0.31, P = 0.03 and r = -0.39, P = 0.03, respectively). Adiponectin also correlated with lower glucose at 180 minutes (r = -0.45, P = 0.005), and mediation analysis showed that BAIBA was no longer a significant predictor of glucose at 180 minutes after controlling for adiponectin (P = 0.08). Conclusion. While BAIBA did not differ between NGT and PD, higher BAIBA is related to favorable glucose metabolism, possibly through an adiponectin-related mechanism. Additional work is required to understand how exercise and/or diet impact BAIBA in relation to type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Heiston
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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17
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Kiryowa HM, Munabi IG, Buwembo W, Rwenyonyi CM, Mwaka ES, Kaddumukasa M. Periodontitis is associated with insulin resistance in adults living with diabetes mellitus in Uganda: a cross- sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:217. [PMID: 37710310 PMCID: PMC10503142 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that majority of patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda have poor glycaemic control as well as periodontal disease. This study set out to determine the association between periodontitis and insulin resistance in adult patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda using the triglyceride glucose index. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-three adult study participants with confirmed diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Oral examination was carried with the aid of a periodontal probe to determine the periodontal status and findings recorded using the WHO Oral Health Assessment Tool for Adults, 2013. We recorded clinical details for body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) and laboratory parameters including fasting blood sugar (mmol/L), glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c, %) and serum triglycerides (mmol/L) using a study questionnaire. Data were analyzed using R version 4.10. The glucose triglyceride index was used as a measure of insulin resistance. Logistic regression analysis carried out to determine the factors associated insulin resistance. RESULTS The majority of the study participants was female (70%) with an average age of 48.5 years (SD+/- 11.1). The mean body mass index was 29.6 kg/m2 (SD+/- 5.82). The mean serum triglyceride index was 9.48 (SD+/- 0.675). Eighty-six-point 1% of the participants had periodontal disease. Bivariate analysis revealed high odds for male sex (OR = 1.31, 95% C.I = 0.44-4.84, p = 0.65) and periodontitis (OR = 3.65, 95% C.I = 0.79-26.15, p = 0.13) but low odds for a high BMI (OR = 0.45. 95% C.I = 0.07-1.67, p = 0.30). Multivariate regression revealed a significant association between insulin resistance and periodontitis. (AOR = 3.52, 95% C.I = 1.19-1.83, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Insulin resistance is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda and is associated with periodontitis and low body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Muhmood Kiryowa
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Ian Guyton Munabi
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Buwembo
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka
- Department of Anatomy, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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18
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Fan X, Yuan W, Huang W, Lin Z. Recent progress in leptin signaling from a structural perspective and its implications for diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:60-75. [PMID: 37080418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As a multi-potency cytokine, leptin not only plays a crucial role in controlling weight and energy homeostasis but also participates in the metabolic balance in the human body. Leptin is a small helical protein with a molecular weight of 16 kDa. It can interact with multiple subtypes of its receptors to initiate intracellular signal transduction and exerts physiological effects. Disturbances in leptin signaling may lead to obesity and a variety of metabolic diseases. Leptin was also found to be a critical factor in many diseases of the elderly. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the structural and molecular mechanisms of leptin signaling through its receptors with the aim of a deeper understanding of leptin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, PR China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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19
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Cimmino G, Natale F, Alfieri R, Cante L, Covino S, Franzese R, Limatola M, Marotta L, Molinari R, Mollo N, Loffredo FS, Golino P. Non-Conventional Risk Factors: "Fact" or "Fake" in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2353. [PMID: 37760794 PMCID: PMC10525401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, etc., still represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They significantly modify the patients' quality of life with a tremendous economic impact. It is well established that cardiovascular risk factors increase the probability of fatal and non-fatal cardiac events. These risk factors are classified into modifiable (smoking, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, high-fat and high-calorie diet, reduced physical activity) and non-modifiable (sex, age, family history, of previous cardiovascular disease). Hence, CVD prevention is based on early identification and management of modifiable risk factors whose impact on the CV outcome is now performed by the use of CV risk assessment models, such as the Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equations, or the SCORE2. However, in recent years, emerging, non-traditional factors (metabolic and non-metabolic) seem to significantly affect this assessment. In this article, we aim at defining these emerging factors and describe the potential mechanisms by which they might contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Natale
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Covino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Franzese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mirella Limatola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Marotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Molinari
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Mollo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.S.L.)
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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20
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Wang Y, Yu F, Zheng X, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Chen J, He Y, Yang H, Zhou P. Balancing adipocyte production and lipid metabolism to treat obesity-induced diabetes with a novel proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:120. [PMID: 37553709 PMCID: PMC10408226 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic disorder and insulin resistance, resulting in type 2 diabetes. Based on previous findings, FYGL, a natural hyperbranched proteoglycan extracted from the G. lucidum fruiting body, can decrease blood glucose and reduce body weight in diabetic mice. In this article, the underlying mechanism of FYGL in ameliorating obesity-induced diabetes was further investigated both in vivo and in vitro. FYGL upregulated expression of metabolic genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and thermogenesis; downregulated the expression of insulin resistance-related genes; and significantly increased the number of beige adipocytes in db/db mice. In addition, FYGL inhibited preadipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by increasing the expression of FABP-4. FYGL not only promoted fatty acid synthesis but also more significantly promoted triglyceride degradation and metabolism by activating the AMPK signalling pathway, therefore preventing fat accumulation, balancing adipocyte production and lipid metabolism, and regulating metabolic disorders and unhealthy obesity. FYGL could be used as a promising pharmacological agent for the treatment of metabolic disorder-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingXin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fanzhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Gao XE, Hu JG, Chen B, Wang YM, Zhou SB. Causal discovery approach with reinforcement learning for risk factors of type II diabetes mellitus. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:296. [PMID: 37480046 PMCID: PMC10362703 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical correlation analysis is currently the most typically used approach for investigating the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, this approach does not readily reveal the causal relationships between risk factors and rarely describes the causal relationships visually. RESULTS Considering the superiority of reinforcement learning in prediction, a causal discovery approach with reinforcement learning for T2DM risk factors is proposed herein. First, a reinforcement learning model is constructed for T2DM risk factors. Second, the process involved in the causal discovery method for T2DM risk factors is detailed. Finally, several experiments are designed based on diabetes datasets and used to verify the proposed approach. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results show that the proposed approach improves the accuracy of causality mining between T2DM risk factors and provides new evidence to researchers engaged in T2DM prevention and treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-E Gao
- College of Computer Science and Intelligent Education, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Gang Hu
- College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng-Bin Zhou
- College of Computer Science and Intelligent Education, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, Guangdong, China
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22
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Nikbakht HR, Najafi F, Shakiba E, Darbandi M, Navabi J, Pasdar Y. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension risk in iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 37479987 PMCID: PMC10360216 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are risk factors for hypertension; triglyceride-glucose (TyG) is known as a surrogate for IR. The present study investigated the association between the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) index and the risk of hypertension in Iranian adults. METHODS This study was conducted on a sample of 8,610 participants from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) in Iran. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between TyG-BMI and hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to estimate the predictive power of TyG-BMI for hypertension. RESULTS A total of 4176 men and 4434 women with an average age of 46.74 years were examined. The anthropometric indices were significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive subjects (P < 0.001). The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the bottom quartiles (P < 0.001). The odds of hypertension in the highest quartile and 3.10 (95% CI: 2.28, 4.16) times significantly higher than the bottom quartile of the TyG-BMI index. The discriminating ability of TyG-BMI to predict blood pressure was 61% (AUC: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.63), and higher than BMI and TyG. CONCLUSION The TyG-BMI index is associated with an increase in the odds of hypertension. Therefore, the TyG-BMI index can be a new clinical index for early diagnosis of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications such as weight control through physical activity and a healthy diet can help improve IR and prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Navabi
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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23
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Bottino R, Carbone A, Formisano T, D'Elia S, Orlandi M, Sperlongano S, Molinari D, Castaldo P, Palladino A, Barbareschi C, Tolone S, Docimo L, Cimmino G. Cardiovascular Effects of Weight Loss in Obese Patients with Diabetes: Is Bariatric Surgery the Additional Arrow in the Quiver? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1552. [PMID: 37511927 PMCID: PMC10381712 DOI: 10.3390/life13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly widespread disease worldwide because of lifestyle changes. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, with an increase in major cardiovascular adverse events. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be able to reduce the incidence of obesity-related cardiovascular disease and thus overall mortality. This result has been shown to be the result of hormonal and metabolic effects induced by post-surgical anatomical changes, with important effects on multiple hormonal and molecular axes that make this treatment more effective than conservative therapy in determining a marked improvement in the patient's cardiovascular risk profile. This review, therefore, aimed to examine the surgical techniques currently available and how these might be responsible not only for weight loss but also for metabolic improvement and cardiovascular benefits in patients undergoing such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andreina Carbone
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Formisano
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saverio D'Elia
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orlandi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Molinari
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Castaldo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Palladino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Consiglia Barbareschi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tolone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, General, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, General, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Antoniak-Pietrynczak K, Zorena K, Jaskulak M, Hansdorfer-Korzon R, Koziński M. Effect of Manual Lymphatic Drainage on the Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Parameters of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Abnormal Body Mass Index: Focus on Markers of Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10338. [PMID: 37373485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and the level of selected adipokines and cytokines in people with abnormal body mass index (BMI). In addition, an attempt was made to assess the optimal cut-off values of serum concentrations of the biochemical parameters studied in identifying the risk of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The study included 60 subjects who underwent 10 and 30 min long MLD sessions three times a week. The study group included 15 patients with a normal body mass index (group I; n = 15), overweight patients (group II; n = 15) and obese patients (group III; n = 10). The control group was IV; n = 20 subjects not undergoing MLD. Biochemical tests were carried out on all subjects at stage 0' (before MLD therapy) and at stage 1' (one month after MLD therapy). In the control group, the time between the sample collection at stage 0' and stage 1' was the same as in the study group. Our results showed that 10 MLD sessions may have a positive effect on the selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR values in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, in the study group, the highest AUCROC values in identifying the risk of obesity were found for leptin (AUCROC = 82.79%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.00004), insulin (AUCROC = 81.51%; cut-off = 9.5 µIU/mL; p = 0.00009) and C-peptide (AUCROC = 80.68%; cut-off = 2.3 ng/mL; p = 0.0001) concentrations as well as for HOMA-IR values (AUCROC = 79.97%; cut-off = 1.8; p = 0.0002). When considering the risk of IR, we observed the highest diagnostic value for insulin (AUCROC = 93.05%; cut-off = 1.8 ng/mL; p = 0.053), which was followed by C-peptide (AUCROC = 89.35%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.000001), leptin (AUCROC = 79.76%; cut-off = 17.6 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and total cholesterol (AUCROC = 77.31%; cut-off = 198 mg/dL; p = 0.0008). Our results indicate that MLD may have a positive effect on selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR, in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, we successfully established optimal cut-off values for leptin in the assessment of obesity and insulin in the assessment of insulin resistance in patients with abnormal body mass index. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that MLD, when combined with caloric restriction and physical activity, may serve as an effective preventive intervention against the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Antoniak-Pietrynczak
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Jaskulak
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Koziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9b, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
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Rivas-Domínguez A, Mohamed-Mohamed H, Jimenez-Palomares M, García-Morales V, Martinez-Lopez L, Orta ML, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Bermudez-Pulgarin B. Metabolic Disturbance of High-Saturated Fatty Acid Diet in Cognitive Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098042. [PMID: 37175748 PMCID: PMC10178694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging continues to be the main cause of the development of Alzheimer's, although it has been described that certain chronic inflammatory pathologies can negatively influence the progress of dementia, including obesity and hyperlipidemia. In this sense, previous studies have shown a relationship between low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the amyloid-beta (Aβ) binding activity, one of the main neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LDLR is involved in several processes, including lipid transport, regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, LDLR-/- mice are a widely accepted animal model for the study of pathologies associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or early cognitive decline. In this context, we induced hyperlipidemia in LDLR-/- mice after feeding with a high-saturated fatty acid diet (HFD) for 44 weeks. LDLR-/--HFD mice exhibited obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, higher glucose levels, and early hepatic steatosis. In addition, HFD increased plasmatic APOE and ubiquitin 60S levels. These proteins are related to neuronal integrity and health maintenance. In agreement, we detected mild cognitive dysfunctions in mice fed with HFD, whereas LDLR-/--HFD mice showed a more severe and evident affectation. Our data suggest central nervous system dysfunction is associated with a well-established metabolic syndrome. As a late consequence, metabolic syndrome boots many behavioral and pathological alterations recognized in dementia, supporting that the control of metabolic parameters could improve cognitive preservation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Luis Orta
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Bogomilov I, Boyadjieva N, Nikolov R. New Insight into Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists in the Central Nervous System, Studied with WAY163909 in Obese and Diabetic Wistar Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040545. [PMID: 37190510 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: We investigated the effect of WAY-163909, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine selective 2C receptor agonist on body weight, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese and diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: We used twenty male Wistar rats with obesity and obesity-induced diabetes and twenty healthy Wistar rats as a control group. Each of these groups was separated into two subgroups: one with a daily intraperitoneal application of WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) and one without. During the study, body weight, blood glucose levels, and immunoreactive insulin were tracked. Results: A reduction of 5.5% (p < 0.05) in body weight was registered in the rat group with diabetes and obesity and 2.56% in the control group with a daily application of WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) at the end of the study. Decreases of 35.4% in blood glucose levels at week four in the diabetic and obese rat group with a daily application of WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) were registered. A reduction of insulin levels of 4.1% (p < 0.05) in the diabetic and obese rats group using WAY-163909 was also observed. Conclusion: In our study, using WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) led to a reduction of blood glucose levels, immunoreactive insulin, and body weight.
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Melloni M, Sergi D, Simioni C, Passaro A, Neri LM. Microalgae as a Nutraceutical Tool to Antagonize the Impairment of Redox Status Induced by SNPs: Implications on Insulin Resistance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030449. [PMID: 36979141 PMCID: PMC10044993 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a growing innovative source of nutraceuticals such as carotenoids and phenolic compound which are naturally present within these single-celled organisms or can be induced in response to specific growth conditions. The presence of the unfavourable allelic variant in genes involved in the control of oxidative stress, due to one or more SNPs in gene encoding protein involved in the regulation of redox balance, can lead to pathological conditions such as insulin resistance, which, in turn, is directly involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review we provide an overview of the main SNPs in antioxidant genes involved in the promotion of insulin resistance with a focus on the potential role of microalgae-derived antioxidant molecules as novel nutritional tools to mitigate oxidative stress and improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.M.); (D.S.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.N.); Tel.: +39-0532-236291 (A.P.); +39-0532-455940 (L.M.N.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.M.); (D.S.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.N.); Tel.: +39-0532-236291 (A.P.); +39-0532-455940 (L.M.N.)
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Bae EJ, Park BH. Multiple Roles of Sirtuin 6 in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:164-172. [PMID: 36631993 PMCID: PMC10040615 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is strongly associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. When subjected to metabolic stress, adipocytes become inflamed and secrete a plethora of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit circulating immune cells to AT. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is known to control genomic stabilization, aging, and cellular metabolism, it is now understood to also play a pivotal role in the regulation of AT inflammation. Sirt6 protein levels are reduced in the AT of obese humans and animals and increased by weight loss. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism of AT inflammation caused by impaired action of Sirt6 from the immune cells' point of view. We first describe the properties and functions of immune cells in obese AT, with an emphasis on discrete macrophage subpopulations which are central to AT inflammation. We then highlight data that links Sirt6 to functional phenotypes of AT inflammation. Importantly, we discuss in detail the effects of Sirt6 deficiency in adipocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils on insulin resistance or AT browning. In our closing perspectives, we discuss emerging issues in this field that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Eun Ju Bae https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-8290 School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Byung-Hyun Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-4285 Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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29
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Jiao W, Sang Y, Wang X, Wang S. Metabonomics and the gut microbiome analysis of the effect of 6-shogaol on improving obesity. Food Chem 2023; 404:134734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li M, Qian M, Jiang Q, Tan B, Yin Y, Han X. Evidence of Flavonoids on Disease Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020527. [PMID: 36830086 PMCID: PMC9952065 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the properties of flavonoids in natural foods for disease prevention. Due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities, flavonoids have been revealed to benefit skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, adipocytes, and neural cells. In this review, we introduced the basic classification, natural sources, and biochemical properties of flavonoids, then summarize the experimental results and underlying molecular mechanisms concerning the effects of flavonoid consumption on obesity, cancers, and neurogenerative diseases that greatly threaten public health. Especially, the dosage and duration of flavonoids intervening in these diseases are discussed, which might guide healthy dietary habits for people of different physical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88982446
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Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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Jin W, Fan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jing C, Jiang R, Piao C, Sun L. Polydatin prevents lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154410. [PMID: 36030747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated free fatty acid levels can adversely affect pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polydatin (PD) from Polygonum cuspidatum has been shown to regulate blood lipid content and lower cholesterol levels. However, there have been no reports on the potential therapeutic effects and actions of PD on lipotoxicity in β-cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PD on palmitate (PA)-treated INS-1 insulinoma cells and diabetic mice. METHODS Cells were incubated with PA and varying concentrations of PD for 24 h. Viability assays, morphological observations, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the effects of PD on PA-induced lipotoxicity. Western blotting was used to measure the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the levels of autophagy-related factors after incubation with inducers and inhibitors of ERS and autophagy. Diabetic mice were treated with intragastric PD for 6 weeks followed by the measurement of their physiological and blood lipid indices and assessment of the results of histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Treatment with PD after PA exposure enhanced insulin secretion and the expression of diabetes-associated genes. PD promoted β-cell function by reducing the levels of proteins associated with ERS and autophagy while also attenuating ERS triggered by tunicamycin. PD also reduced tunicamycin-induced autophagy, indicating that it regulated ERS-mediated autophagy and reduced PA-induced cellular dysfunction. In addition, treatment of db/db mice with PD substantially reduced body weight gain, alleviated dyslipidemia, improved β-cell function, and reduced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PD protects β-cells from lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting ERS and preventing excessive autophagy. Our study provides a new basis for exploring the potential of PD against β-cell lipotoxicity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Cross-regional Cooperation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Product Research and Development, Changchun, China.
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Dai C, Zhu W. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on asprosin levels in normal weight or overweight/obesity patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31334. [PMID: 36316938 PMCID: PMC9622638 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asprosin is a newly identified adipokine with glucose-raising and appetite-enhancing effects which acts differently from the known hepatic glucose utilization pathway. This study investigated changes in serum asprosin levels in normal weight or overweight/obese liraglutide-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study is a non-randomized, prospective observational study. The metabolic parameters and asprosin levels were compared between 90 people with T2DM and 66 people who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). During the treatment phase, only T2DM patients were given liraglutide at doses of 0.6 mg/d for the first 2 weeks, 1.2 mg/d for the subsequent 4 weeks, and 1.8 mg/d for the following 16 weeks. T2DM patients were separated into a normal weight group and an overweight/obesity group to compare changes in asprosin and parameters pre- and post-treatment. The T2DM group had significantly higher fasting asprosin and 2h-postprandial asprosin levels than the NGT group (all P < .001). Fasting asprosin and postprandial asprosin positively correlated with BMI, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with HDL-C in both the T2DM and NGT groups. Asprosin levels decreased after liraglutide treatment in both normal and overweight/obesity T2DM groups (all P < .001), with significantly reduced body weight and BMI in overweight/obese T2DM patients (all P < .001). Fasting and postprandial serum asprosin concentrations are higher in T2DM patients compared to normal glucose controls. Fasting and postprandial asprosin positively correlated with BMI, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with HDL-C in all participants. Liraglutide lowers asprosin levels in T2DM patients and can reduce weight and BMI in overweight or obese type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Dai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhong, China
- Endocrinology Department, Guangzhou Development District Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenggang Dai, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (e-mail: )
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhong, China
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Xia Y, Zhai X, Qiu Y, Lu X, Jiao Y. The Nrf2 in Obesity: A Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102067. [PMID: 36290791 PMCID: PMC9598341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become serious global health concerns recently and increasing work has been carried out to explicate the underlying mechanism of the disease development. The recognized correlations suggest oxidative stress and inflammation in expanding adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as its associated metabolic syndromes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance strongly correlates with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been described as a key modulator of antioxidant signaling, which regulates the transcription of various genes coding antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a pivotal target of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. However, its effects are controversial and even contradictory. This review aims to clarify the complicated interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and chronic inflammation in obesity. Elucidating the implications of Nrf2 modulation on obesity would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic approaches in obesity and its comorbidities.
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Razzaki TS, Weiner A, Shukla AP. Tirzepatide: Does the Evidence to Date Show Potential for the Treatment of Early Stage Type 2 Diabetes? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:955-964. [PMID: 36199834 PMCID: PMC9527616 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s328056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a novel “twincretin” with glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist activity, which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we discuss preclinical and mechanistic human studies, which demonstrate improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function with the use of tirzepatide, as compared to placebo and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. We then discuss SURPASS trials 1–5, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus as either monotherapy or combination therapy with other antidiabetic agents. The magnitude of tirzepatide’s effects and the efficacy relative to other anti-diabetes medications on weight, glycemic control, and beta-cell function may prove beneficial for the treatment of early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies, including data on cardiovascular outcomes and long-term safety, will continue to elucidate the role of tirzepatide in the treatment algorithm of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila S Razzaki
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyson Weiner
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpana P Shukla
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Alpana P Shukla, Email
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Wei J, Wang B, Chen Y, Wang Q, Ahmed AF, Cui L, Xi X, Kang W. Effects of two triterpenoids from Nigella sativa seeds on insulin resistance of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:995550. [PMID: 36082026 PMCID: PMC9445806 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.995550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a physiological abnormality that occurs when insulin fails to activate the signal transduction pathway in target organs. It was found that supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds with oral antidiabetic medicines helps improve blood glucose control by enhanced β cells activity and alleviation of IR. However, the activities and related mechanisms of phytochemicals from N. sativa seeds have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the effects of two triterpenoids, 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnose-(1→2)-α-L-arabinose]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnose-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose-L-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose]-hederagenin (Hxrarg) and 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnose-(1→2)-α-L-arabinose]-hederagenin (Hxra), on IR were studied by 3T3-L1 adipocytes model. The results demonstrated that Hxrarg and Hxra inhibited maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, dramatically stimulated glucose uptake of IR-3T3-L1 adipocytes, promoted transcription of IRS, AKT, PI-3K, and GLUT4 mRNA. Western Blot results suggested that Hxrarg and Hxra were able to markedly up-regulate expression of p-IRS, p-AKT, PI-3K, and GLUT4 proteins. These findings could provide a basic foundation for the continued development and application of N. sativa in medicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoguang Wang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Adel F. Ahmed
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lili Cui
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Cui,
| | - Xuefeng Xi
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Xuefeng Xi,
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng, China
- Wenyi Kang,
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Chebulinic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Inhibiting PPP1CB Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020865. [PMID: 35055051 PMCID: PMC8775935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase and potent adipogenic activator, suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Therefore, PPP1CB is considered as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. We screened 1033 natural products for PPP1CB inhibitors and identified chebulinic acid, which is abundantly present in the seeds of Euphoria longana and fruits of Terminalia chebula. Chebulinic acid strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate by PPP1CB (IC50 = 300 nM) and demonstrated potent antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional studies have demonstrated that chebulinic acid suppresses early differentiation by downregulating key transcription factors that control adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggested that chebulinic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating obesity by inhibiting PPP1CB activity.
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