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Rantanen AT, Kautiainen H, Ekblad MO, Korhonen PE. Depressive symptoms and smoking: Effect on mortality in a primary care cohort. J Psychosom Res 2024; 182:111690. [PMID: 38704926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms have been suggested to increase mortality risk but causality remains unproven. Depressive symptoms increase likelihood of smoking which is thus a potential factor modifying the effect of depressive symptoms on mortality. This study aims to assess if the association of depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality is affected by smoking. METHODS A prospective cohort study in Finnish primary care setting was conducted among 2557 middle-aged cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk persons identified in a population survey. Baseline depressive symptoms were assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and current smoking by self-report. Data on mortality was obtained from the official statistics. Effect of depressive symptoms and smoking on all-cause mortality after 14-year follow-up was estimated. RESULTS Compared to non-depressive non-smokers, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 3.10 (95% CI 2.02 to 4.73) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.22) among smoking subjects with and without depressive symptoms, respectively. Compared to the general population, relative survival was higher among non-depressive non-smokers and lower among depressive smokers. Relative standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all-cause mortality was 1.78 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.44) and 3.79 (95% CI 2.54 to 6.66) among non-depressive and depressive smokers, respectively, compared to non-depressive non-smokers. The HR for all-cause mortality and relative SMR of depressive non-smokers were not increased compared to non-depressive non-smokers. CONCLUSION Current smoking and increased depressive symptoms seem to additively contribute to excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Talvikki Rantanen
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikael Oskari Ekblad
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland.
| | - Päivi Elina Korhonen
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland.
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Koskelo M, Sinikumpu SP, Jokelainen J, Huilaja L. Anxiety and depression in patients with hand eczema: A population-based study among 853 middle-aged subjects. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:464-470. [PMID: 37647940 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand eczema (HE) is a common dermatological disorder with considerable effect on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The data on mental comorbidities of HE is sparse and mostly studied among selected patient groups. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with HE in general population. METHODS Study subjects (n = 6695) belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study (NFBC1966) responded to an extensive health questionnaire including questions about HE. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated according to the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). RESULTS Having ever suffered from HE was reported by 853 (12.8%) study subjects. Symptoms scores of depression were significantly higher among (n = 172, 20.3%) HE subjects compared with (n = 884, 15.4%) subjects without HE (Odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.68, P < 0.001). Correspondingly, symptoms scores of anxiety were also more common among (n = 90, 10.6%) HE subjects than among (n = 448, 7.8%) subjects without HE (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007). In an adjusted model, the associations remained statistically significant (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.57, P = 0.007 and OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04-1.72, P = 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Symptoms associated with mental health should be taken into account when managing patients with HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Koskelo
- Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Suvi-Päivikki Sinikumpu
- Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Huilaja
- Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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de Boer N, Vermeulen J, Lin B, van Os J, ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Rutten B, Batalla A, Guloksuz S, Luykx JJ. Longitudinal associations between alcohol use, smoking, genetic risk scoring and symptoms of depression in the general population: a prospective 6-year cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1409-1417. [PMID: 35023464 PMCID: PMC10009403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption, smoking and mood disorders are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are highly comorbid. Yet, their interrelationships have remained elusive. The aim of this study was to examine the multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between (change in) smoking and alcohol use and (change in) number of depressive symptoms. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal study, 6646 adults from the general population were included with follow-up measurements after 3 and 6 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, with smoking behaviour, alcohol use and genetic risk scores for smoking and alcohol use as independent variables and depressive symptoms as dependent variables. RESULTS In the multi-cross-sectional analysis, smoking status and number of cigarettes per day were positively associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Moderate drinking was associated with less symptoms of depression compared to non-use (p = 0.011). Longitudinally, decreases in the numbers of cigarettes per day and alcoholic drinks per week as well as alcohol cessation were associated with a reduction of depressive symptoms (p = 0.001-0.028). Results of genetic risk score analyses aligned with these findings. CONCLUSIONS While cross-sectionally smoking and moderate alcohol use show opposing associations with depressive symptoms, decreases in smoking behaviour as well as alcohol consumption are associated with improvements in depressive symptoms over time. Although we cannot infer causality, these results open avenues to further investigate interventions targeting smoking and alcohol behaviours in people suffering from depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. de Boer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. de Graaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. van Dorsselaer
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Baldassarri SR, Asch RH, Hillmer AT, Pietrzak RH, DellaGioia N, Esterlis I, Davis MT. Nicotine Use and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in Individuals With Major Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2023; 7:24705470231154842. [PMID: 36843572 PMCID: PMC9943964 DOI: 10.1177/24705470231154842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, as well as nicotine use and dependence. We used positron emission tomography with [18F]FPEB to measure mGluR5 availability in vivo in 6 groups: (1) nicotine users (NUs) without other psychiatric comorbidities (n = 23); (2) comparison controls (CCs) without nicotine use or psychiatric comorbidities (n = 38); (3) major depressive disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (MDD-NU; n = 19); (4) MDD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (MDD-CC; n = 20); (5) posttraumatic stress disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-NU; n = 17); and (6) PTSD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-CC; n = 16). The goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that mGluR5 availability in key corticolimbic regions of interest (ROIs) is different in NU with versus without comorbid psychiatric disorders (ROI: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC], orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], amygdala, hippocampus). We found that NU had 11%-13% lower mGluR5 availability in OFC, vmPFC, dlPFC, and ACC as compared with CC, while PTSD-NU had 9%-11% higher mGluR5 availability in OFC, dlPFC, and ACC compared with PTSD. Furthermore, relationships between mGluR5 availability and psychiatric symptoms varied as a function of psychiatric diagnosis among NUs. NU showed a negative correlation between mGluR5 and smoking cravings and urges (r's = -0.58 to -0.70, p's = 0.011 - 0.047), while PTSD-NU had the reverse relationship (r's = 0.60-0.71, p's = 0.013-0.035 in ACC, vmPFC, and dlPFC). These findings have substantial implications for our understanding of glutamate homeostasis in psychiatric subgroups and for identifying key neural phenotypes among NU. mGluR5 is a potential treatment target for precision medicine in individuals with nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Baldassarri
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine,
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth H. Asch
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Radiology, and
Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGioia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Weinstein O, Cohen AD, Levy J, Zloto O, Freud T, Krieger I, Comaneshter D, Shemesh R. Anxiety in Patients with Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022; 30:286-292. [PMID: 35815775 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2090007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of 3 304 nAMD patients and 16 515 age- and gender-matched controls. The proportions of patients with anxiety were compared between the groups using univariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression model. Proportion of anxiety in patients with nAMD was compared with the proportion of anxiety in controls, matched for age and gender. Data was obtained from the largest health maintenance organization in Israel (Clalit Health Services) with 4 200 000 members. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 79.7 years; 54.8% were females; Anxiety was more common in patients with nAMD (13.2%) compared to the control group (10.2%) (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.2-1.5). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between anxiety and nAMD (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2-1.5), adjusted for age, gender, and socio-economic status. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that anxiety is more common in patients with nAMD compared to a control group. Physicians treating patients with nAMD should be aware of this association, in order to provide appropriate care for the anxiety associated with nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Weinstein
- Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Hospitals Division Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv.,Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel.,Chief Physician office, Central Headquarters Clalit Health services, Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Jaime Levy
- Department of Ophthalmology Hadassah Medical Center
| | - Ofira Zloto
- Goldschleger Eye Institute Sheba Medical center Tel-Hashomer Israel.,"Sackler" School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Tamar Freud
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Israel Krieger
- "Sackler" School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Israel.,"Shalvata" Mental Health Center Hod Hasharon Israel
| | | | - Rachel Shemesh
- Goldschleger Eye Institute Sheba Medical center Tel-Hashomer Israel
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Symptoms of depression are related to sedentary behavior and sleep duration in elderly individuals: A cross-sectional study of 49,317 older Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:407-412. [PMID: 35460733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a common mental disorder in older adults. This study aimed to determine the incidence of depression and the relationship between sedentary behavior and sleep duration in elderly individuals. METHOD A total of 49,317 elderly adults from eight health centers in six Chinese provinces completed an online self-reported health questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between sedentary behavior, sleep duration, and depression symptoms. RESULTS Symptoms of depression were present in 20.1% of older adults. Sedentary behaviors for >6 h/day (OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 2.90-3.44; p < 0.001) were a greater risk factor for depressive symptoms in older adults than sedentary behaviors for less than 3 h/day. Elderly individuals with short sleep durations (<7 h/day) were more likely to experience depression (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 2.07-2.34; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that sedentary behavior and short sleep duration in older Chinese adults are associated with depressive symptoms. In China, further improvement of the mental health and lifestyle of elderly individuals may be warranted.
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Cinciripini PM, Kypriotakis G, Green C, Lawrence D, Anthenelli RM, Minnix J, Blalock JA, Beneventi D, Morris C, Karam-Hage M. The effects of varenicline, bupropion, nicotine patch, and placebo on smoking cessation among smokers with major depression: A randomized clinical trial. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:429-440. [PMID: 35535436 PMCID: PMC9705120 DOI: 10.1002/da.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Improving treatment outcomes for smokers with major depressive disorder (MDD) can have significant public health implications. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy among smokers with MDD. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, active- (nicotine patch) and placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks of either varenicline or bupropion with a 12-week follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Community volunteers 18-75 years of age; smoke 10+ cigarettes/day; with clinically stable MDD (N = 2635) or no psychiatric disorder (N = 4028), from 140 sites in 16 countries. INTERVENTION Twelve weeks of pharmacotherapy (placebo [PLA], nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], bupropion [BUP], varenicline [VAR]) plus brief cessation counseling. MEASURE(S) Primary safety outcome: the occurrence of ≥1 treatment-emergent, moderate to severe neuropsychiatric adverse event (NPSAE). Primary efficacy outcome: biochemically confirmed continuous abstinence (CA) during the final 4 weeks of treatment (Weeks 9-12). RESULTS A total of 6653 participants (56% female; 39% MDD) ~47 years old. Risk of NPSAEs did not differ by medication for MDD. MDD had higher risk (p < .0001) for NPSAEs than the NPC. Efficacy (6653; intent-to-treat): CA rates for MDD versus NPC respectively were 31.2% versus 38.0% VAR; 23.0% versus 26.1% BUP; 22.6% versus 26.4% NRT; and 13.4% versus 13.7% PLA but no differential treatment effect was noted within the cohorts. All active treatments differed from PLA but VAR showed the largest effect. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that for MDD smokers, inclusive of those with recurrent episode, varenicline plus counseling may be the best pharmacological option for the treatment of smoking given its greater efficacy effect size and similar risk of NPSAEs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01456936. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01456936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert M. Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Minnix
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice A. Blalock
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane Beneventi
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maher Karam-Hage
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lans J, Westenberg RF, Gottlieb RE, Valerio IL, Chen NC, Eberlin KR. Long-Term Opioid Use Following Surgery for Symptomatic Neuroma. J Reconstr Microsurg 2022; 38:137-143. [PMID: 35100646 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying patients at risk for prolonged opioid use following surgery for symptomatic neuroma would be beneficial for perioperative management. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with postoperative opioid use of >4 weeks in patients undergoing neuroma surgery. METHODS After retrospective identification, 77 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic neuroma of the upper or lower extremity were enrolled. Patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain score, and a custom medication questionnaire at a median of 9.7 years (range: 2.5-16.8 years) following surgery. Neuroma excision followed by nerve implantation (n = 39, 51%), nerve reconstruction/repair (n = 18, 23%), and excision alone (n = 16, 21%) were the most common surgical treatments. RESULTS Overall, 27% (n = 21) of patients reported opioid use of more than 4 weeks postoperatively. Twenty-three patients (30%) reported preoperative opioid use of which 11 (48%) did not report opioid use for >4 weeks, postoperatively. In multivariable logistic regression, preoperative opioid use was independently associated with opioid use of >4 weeks, postoperatively (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-14.3, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Neuroma surgery reduces opioid use in many patients but patients who are taking opioids preoperatively are at risk for longer opioid use. Almost one-third of patients reported opioid use longer than 4 weeks, postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ritsaart F Westenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Rachel E Gottlieb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ian L Valerio
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Neal C Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kyle R Eberlin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Fernando J, Stochl J, Ersche KD. Drug Use in Night Owls May Increase the Risk for Mental Health Problems. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:819566. [PMID: 35087376 PMCID: PMC8787192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.819566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are widely known to worsen mental health problems, but this relationship may not be a simple causational one. Whether or not a person is susceptible to the negative effects of drugs of abuse may not only be determined by their addictive properties, but also the users’ chronotype, which determines their daily activity patterns. The present study investigates the relationship between chronotype, drug use and mental health problems in a cross-sectional community sample. Participants (n = 209) completed a selection of questionnaires online, including the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. We conducted multiple regression models to determine relationships between participants’ chronotype and their reported mental health symptoms and then estimated mediation models to investigate the extent to which their drug consumption accounted for the identified associations. Chronotype was significantly associated with participants’ overall mental health (β = 0.16, p = 0.022) and their anxiety levels (β = 0.18, p = 0.009) but not with levels of depression or stress. However, both relationships were fully mediated by participants’ overall drug consumption. Thus, late chronotypes, so-called “night owls”, not only use more drugs but consequently have an increased risk for developing anxiety and deteriorating mental health status. This group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative psychological effects of drugs. Our results point toward the importance of considering chronotype in designing preventative and therapeutic innovations, specifically for anxiety, which at present has been largely neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Fernando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karen D. Ersche,
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Liu L, Cheng B, Ye J, Qi X, Cheng S, Meng P, Chen Y, Yang X, Yao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li C, Pan C, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Understanding the Complex Interactions between Coffee, Tea Intake and Neurologically Relevant Tissues Proteins in the Development of Anxiety and Depression. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1070-1077. [PMID: 36519770 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coffee and tea intake might be associated with psychiatry diseases. However, it is unclear whether the effect of coffee/tea on anxiety and depression depending on the different types of proteins. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING Our datasets were downloaded from online. PARTICIPANTS Phenotypic and genotypic data for coffee intake(N=376,196) and tea intake (N=376,078) were derived from UK Biobank. GWAS data of proteins (N=1,537) from neurologically relevant tissues (brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma) were obtained from a recently published study. MEASUREMENTS Multivariate linear analysis was then used to evaluate the potential interaction effect between coffee/tea intake and proteins polygenetic risk score (PRS) on the risks of anxiety and depression controlling for age, sex, Townsend deprivation index (TDI), smoke, drinking and education level. RESULTS 34 coffee intake-proteins interactions and 15 tea intake-proteins interactions were observed in anxiety individuals, such as coffee intake-c-Jun interaction (β=0.0169, P=4.131×10-3), coffee intake-Fas interaction (β=-0.0190, P=8.132×10-4), tea intake-sL-Selectin interaction (β=0.0112, P=5.412×10-3) and tea intake-IL-1F6 (β=0.0083, P=4.471×10-2). 25 coffee intake-proteins and 14 tea intake-proteins interactions were observed in depression individuals, including coffee intake- IL-1 sRI (β=0.0171, P=4.888×10-3) and coffee intake-NXPH1 interaction (β=0.0156, P=9.819×10-3), tea intake-COLEC12 interaction (β=0.0127, P=3.280×10-3), and tea intake-Layilin interaction (β=0.0117, P=7.926×10-3). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the important role of multiple proteins in neurologically relevant tissues in the associations between coffee/tea intake and psychiatry diseases, providing entry points to explore the mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Feng Zhang, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China 710061,
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Prevalence of Anxiety in Smoking Cessation: A Worldwide Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Schnitzer K, Senft N, Tindle HA, Kelley JHK, Notier AE, Davis EM, Rigotti NA, Douaihy A, Levy DE, Singer DE, Kruse G. Understanding engagement behaviors and rapport building in tobacco cessation telephone counseling: An analysis of audio-recorded counseling calls. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 135:108643. [PMID: 34716036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though telephone counseling is a modality commonly used to promote health behavior change, including tobacco cessation, specific counselor and participant behaviors that indicate engagement and therapeutic alliance remain poorly characterized in the literature. We sought to explore smokers' and counselors' engagement and rapport-building behaviors in telephone counseling for smoking cessation and patterns of these behaviors by smokers' psychiatric symptoms. METHODS The study team transcribed, audio-recorded tobacco cessation counseling calls for the presence of engagement and rapport-building behaviors among recently hospitalized participants enrolled in a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT). The study used baseline data from the RCT to explore frequencies of counselors' and smokers' behaviors among smokers who had reported more (vs. fewer) symptoms of depression (PHQ8 ≥ 10) or anxiety (GAD7 ≥ 10) at study entry. RESULTS Participants (n = 37) were mostly female (23/37), White (26/37), with a median age of 58. At study entry while hospitalized, moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression (18/37) and anxiety (22/37) were common. Participant-led engagement behaviors included referencing past quit attempts, asking questions, elaborating response to yes/no questions, expressing commitment to behavior change, and assigning importance to nonautomated calls. Counselor-led behaviors included building off prior interaction, empathy, normalizing challenges, reframing and summarizing, validating achievements, and expressing shared experience. Both participants and counselors engaged via general discussion and humor. Participant-led engagement behaviors appeared more often in call transcripts among patients with higher baseline depression and anxiety symptoms compared to those with lower symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS This study classified participant-led, counselor-led, and shared engagement behaviors during tobacco cessation counseling calls. Increased engagement via telephone counseling may be important for individuals with psychiatric symptoms identified at the start of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schnitzer
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, MA General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Nicole Senft
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
| | - Jennifer H K Kelley
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, MA General Hospital, Boston, USA; Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Anna E Notier
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Esa M Davis
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, MA General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Antoine Douaihy
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, MA General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel E Singer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Gina Kruse
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, MA General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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13
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Associations of clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics with nicotine dependence in smokers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18544. [PMID: 34535702 PMCID: PMC8448893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor of mortality and morbidity from various cancerous, respiratory, and myocardial diseases. Nicotine dependence is assessed based on the degree of physical dependence. We aimed to determine the clinical, socioeconomic and psychological factors associated with the smoking status and degree of nicotine dependence of smokers. From April 2009 to September 2010, we retrospectively collected data from 17,577 subjects aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone a general health examination at a health promotion center. The instruments used included the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Of the current smokers (N = 3946), 2345 (59%), 1154 (29%), and 447 (12%) had low, moderate, and high nicotine dependence, respectively. In multiple logistic analysis, predictors of high nicotine dependence were male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.705, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.997–6.945), older age (≥ 65 years) (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.004–1.029), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.018–1.078), diabetes (OR 1.870, 95% CI 1.251–2.794), single marital status (OR 1.575, 95% CI 1.186–2.092), lower education level (OR 1.887, 95% CI 1.463–2.433), and a higher stress level (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.997–6.945). Thus, clinical, psychological, socioeconomic status including male, older age, higher BMI, diabetes, single marital status, lower education, and higher stress should be taken into consideration by promoting smoking cessation.
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Afolalu EF, Spies E, Bacso A, Clerc E, Abetz-Webb L, Gallot S, Chrea C. Impact of tobacco and/or nicotine products on health and functioning: a scoping review and findings from the preparatory phase of the development of a new self-report measure. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:79. [PMID: 34330294 PMCID: PMC8325199 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring self-reported experience of health and functioning is important for understanding the changes in the health status of individuals switching from cigarettes to less harmful tobacco and/or nicotine products (TNP) or reduced-risk products (RRP) and for supporting tobacco harm reduction strategies. METHODS This paper presents insights from three research activities from the preparatory phase of the development of a new self-report health and functioning measure. A scoping literature review was conducted to identify the positive and negative impact of TNP use on health and functioning. Focus groups (n = 29) on risk perception and individual interviews (n = 40) on perceived dependence in people who use TNPs were reanalyzed in the context of health and functioning, and expert opinion was gathered from five key opinion leaders and five technical consultants. RESULTS Triangulating the findings of the review of 97 articles, qualitative input from people who use TNPs, and expert feedback helped generate a preliminary conceptual framework including health and functioning and conceptually-related domains impacted by TNP use. Domains related to the future health and functioning measurement model include physical health signs and symptoms, general physical appearance, functioning (physical, sexual, cognitive, emotional, and social), and general health perceptions. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary conceptual framework can inform future research on development and validation of new measures for assessment of overall health and functioning impact of TNPs from the consumers' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther F Afolalu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Erica Spies
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Bacso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Clerc
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Abetz-Webb
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Assessments Ltd., 1 Springbank, Bollington, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 5LQ, UK
| | - Sophie Gallot
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Chrea
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Product S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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15
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Zika MA, Becker L. Physical Activity as a Treatment for Social Anxiety in Clinical and Non-clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Three Meta-Analyses for Different Study Designs. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:653108. [PMID: 34177489 PMCID: PMC8230570 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.653108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The fear of being in the focus of attention in social situations can develop into a social anxiety disorder (SAD). The classical treatment for SAD is cognitive behavioral therapy, which is in many cases accompanied by drug treatments. A promising alternative treatment is physical activity (PA) interventions, because regular PA has been shown to be suitable for reducing anxiety in general. We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020191181) as well as two additional searches. Our aim was to investigate whether PA interventions are a suitable treatment for SAD and whether PA is suitable for reducing social anxiety (SA) in general. For studies with randomized controlled trial designs, a not statistically significant effect of medium size toward lower general SA symptomatology was found in the PA group in comparison with the control group (d = -0.24, p = 0.377). For studies with longitudinal designs, significantly lower SA symptoms were found after PA treatments (d = -0.22, p = 0.001). The effect of PA on SA was stronger for adults than for children and adolescents (p = 0.003). For cross-sectional studies, a small negative association between SA symptoms and the amount of PA was found, i.e., lower SA was found for people who were more physically active (r = -0.12, p = 0.003). We conclude that PA is a promising means for the (additional) treatment of SAD or to reduce SA in general in non-clinical samples, but more research in which high-quality studies with randomized controlled trial designs are used is needed. Furthermore, open questions with respect to moderating variables (e.g., age, sex, BMI, type of intervention, stress, amount of regular PA before the intervention, and comorbidities) remain still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Zika
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Becker
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Taylor GM, Baker AL, Fox N, Kessler DS, Aveyard P, Munafò MR. Addressing concerns about smoking cessation and mental health: theoretical review and practical guide for healthcare professionals. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2021; 27:85-95. [PMID: 34513007 PMCID: PMC7611646 DOI: 10.1192/bja.2020.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking rates in people with depression and anxiety are twice as high as in the general population, even though people with depression and anxiety are motivated to stop smoking. Most healthcare professionals are aware that stopping smoking is one of the greatest changes that people can make to improve their health. However, smoking cessation can be a difficult topic to raise. Evidence suggests that smoking may cause some mental health problems, and that the tobacco withdrawal cycle partly contributes to worse mental health. By stopping smoking, a person's mental health may improve, and the size of this improvement might be equal to taking anti-depressants. In this theoretical review and practical guide we outline ways in which healthcare professionals can raise the topic of smoking compassionately and respectfully to encourage smoking cessation. We draw on evidence-based methods like cognitive behavioural therapy, and outline approaches that healthcare professionals can use to integrate these methods into routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M.J. Taylor
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Amanda L. Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Nadine Fox
- Talking Space Plus, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7JH, UK
| | - David S. Kessler
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
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17
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Binnewies J, Nawijn L, van Tol MJ, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Penninx BWJH. Associations between depression, lifestyle and brain structure: A longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117834. [PMID: 33549761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with decreased regional grey matter volume, which might partly be explained by an unhealthier lifestyle in depressed individuals which has been ignored by most earlier studies. Also, the longitudinal nature of depression, lifestyle and brain structure associations is largely unknown. This study investigates the relationship of depression and lifestyle with brain structure cross-sectionally and longitudinally over up to 9 years. METHODS We used longitudinal structural MRI data of persons with depression and/or anxiety disorders and controls (Nunique participants = 347, Nobservations = 609). Cortical thickness of medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and hippocampal volume were derived using FreeSurfer. Using Generalized Estimating Equations, we investigated associations of depression and lifestyle (Body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and sleep duration) with brain structure and change in brain structure over 2 (n = 179) and 9 years (n = 82). RESULTS Depression status (B = -.053, p = .002) and severity (B = -.002, p = .002) were negatively associated with rACC thickness. mOFC thickness was negatively associated with BMI (B = -.004, p < .001) and positively with moderate alcohol consumption (B = .030, p = .009). All associations were independent of each other. No associations were observed between (change in) depression, disease burden or lifestyle factors with brain change over time. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and diagnosis were independently associated with thinner rACC, BMI with thinner mOFC, and moderate alcohol consumption with thicker mOFC. No longitudinal associations were observed, suggesting that regional grey matter alterations are a long-term consequence or vulnerability indicator for depression but not dynamically or progressively related to depression course trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Binnewies
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Amiri S. The prevalence of depression symptoms after smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:109-124. [PMID: 33084511 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1826104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Smoking cessation can have positive effects on people's health, especially mental health. This study aimed to address the prevalence of depression in the smoking cessation population. Methods: In the present meta-analysis study, PRISMA protocol was used. Two databases, PubMed and Scopus, were selected. Articles in these two databases in English were targeted and the search was limited to July 2020. First, the results related to the prevalence of depression were calculated. The results were pooled. Results: Forty-nine articles with different designs were eligible for meta-analysis. The prevalence of depression in the smoking cessation population was 18% and the confidence interval was 14-22%. The highest depression prevalence was in Asia and Europe, followed by America. The prevalence of major depression in the smoking cessation population was 15% and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17%. The smoking cessation population had a lower odds of depression than current smokers (OR= 0.63 CI = 0.54-0.75; I2 83.9%). There was little evidence for publication bias. Discussion: The status of depression in the smoking cessation population is different from that of nonsmokers and current smokers. Therefore, in terms of health policy and encouraging people to smoking cessation, the issue of its positive effects on mental health should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Zvorsky I, Skelly JM, Higgins ST. Effects of Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation on Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Among Pregnant and Newly Postpartum Women. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:620-627. [PMID: 28531302 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Financial incentives for smoking cessation increase smoking abstinence and decrease Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores among depression-prone pregnant and postpartum women. The present study is a secondary analysis using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) to examine whether this treatment impacts a broader array of mood and anxiety symptoms. Methods Participants (N = 253) were pregnant cigarette smokers who participated in four controlled clinical trials examining the efficacy of financial incentives for smoking cessation. Women were assigned to an intervention wherein they earned vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent on smoking abstinence (Contingent, n = 143) or a control condition wherein they received comparable vouchers independent of smoking status (Noncontingent, n = 110). Participants were categorized as depression-prone (n = 105) or depression-negative (n = 148) based on self-reported history of depression and BDI scores at intake. A prior study demonstrated that financial incentives decreased depressive symptoms among depression-prone women in this sample. The present study examined whether those effects extended to a broader array of mood and anxiety symptoms using the BSI. Effects of treatment, time, and depression status were examined using repeated measures analyses of covariance. Results In addition to depressive symptoms, financial incentives reduced a multitude of BSI scores among depression-prone women, including the BSI global measure of distress and seven symptom subscales. Treatment effects were discernible by late pregnancy, peaked at 8 weeks postpartum, and dissipated by 24 weeks postpartum. Discussion In addition to reducing smoking, this financial incentives treatment appears to reduce a range of mood and anxiety symptoms among depression-prone pregnant and postpartum women. Implications This study adds evidence that providing financial incentives contingent on smoking cessation lowers a broad array of psychiatric symptoms, as measured by the BSI, among depression-prone pregnant and newly postpartum women during a time of heightened risk for peripartum mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivori Zvorsky
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Joan M Skelly
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Martínez-Vispo C, López-Durán A, Rodríguez-Cano R, Fernández Del Río E, Senra C, Becoña E. Effect of Depressive Symptoms and Sex on the Relationship Between Loneliness and Cigarette Dependence: A Moderated Mediation. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 153:701-713. [PMID: 31017841 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2019.1598929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a subjective and emotionally unpleasant experience of perceiving insufficient social relationships. Previous research has revealed that loneliness constitutes a psychosocial risk factor for depression, and is also related to unhealthy behaviors such as smoking. This study aims to examine the relation between loneliness, depression, and cigarette dependence, and to explore the role of sex in this relationship. A total sample of 275 adult treatment-seeking daily smokers (Mage = 45.3; 61.5% females) was used. Our results showed a significant correlation between higher scores of loneliness, depressive symptoms, and cigarette dependence. In addition, mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of loneliness on cigarette dependence, via depressive symptoms. Regarding the effect of sex, we found that this variable significantly moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette dependence. Results of this study extend previous literature by showing that, in treatment seeking smokers, loneliness is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms, and through this relation, it predicts cigarette dependence. Additionally, sex was a significant moderator of this relation. These findings have several clinical implications, and also contribute to the understanding of cigarette dependence, which is a well-known barrier for smoking cessation.
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21
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Ghali H, Rejeb OB, Fredj SB, Khéfacha S, Dhidah L, Rejeb MB, Latiri HS. Smoking dependence and anxio-depressive disorders in Tunisian smokers attending the smoking cessation clinic in a university hospital. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2019; 94:9. [PMID: 32813151 PMCID: PMC7364776 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-019-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Smokers with comorbid anxio-depressive disorders are more prone to progress to a more severe level of dependence and to experience more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms than smokers without anxio-depressive disorders. Aim of the study To determine the relationship between tobacco dependence and anxio-depressive disorders as well as assessing their impact on the withdrawal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among attendees of the smoking cessation clinic of Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, from December 2009 to May 2015. The monitoring of the attendees was performed through retrieving the records until May 2016 in order to verify their smoking cessation status at 1 year. Results Overall, 534 smokers were included. We identified 315 smokers (59%) presenting an anxio-depressive disorder. Based on the HAD scale, we found 231 patients (43.4%) with anxiety disorders, 200 (37.6%) patients with depressive disorders, and 116 (21.8%) patients with anxio-depressive disorder. In multivariate analysis, only a high number of consultation was associated with a better rate of tobacco cessation at 6 months. However, no factor was found linked to the relapse at 1 year. Conclusion According to our results, only a high number of consultation was revealed as an independent factor of withdrawal for anxio-depressed smokers. It is necessary to simultaneously use the nicotinic substitutions and anxio-depressive treatment to ensure the tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Ghali
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Oussama Ben Rejeb
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Farhat Hached, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Ben Fredj
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Khéfacha
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Lamine Dhidah
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Rejeb
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Houyem Said Latiri
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Hospital of Sahloul, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Bruin MC, Comijs HC, Kok RM, Van der Mast RC, Van den Berg JF. Lifestyle factors and the course of depression in older adults: A NESDO study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1000-1008. [PMID: 29691948 PMCID: PMC6032901 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether lifestyle indicators including physical exercise, sleep duration, alcohol use, body mass index, smoking status, and a composite lifestyle index are associated with the depression course in older adults. METHODS Data of 283 older adults were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons. Depressive disorders at baseline were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The depression course at 2-year follow-up was assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS, score 0-84) every 6 months; physical exercise with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; alcohol use with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; body mass index by anthropometry; and sleep duration and smoking status by interview questions. A composite lifestyle index was calculated by summing scores assigned to each lifestyle factor, with a higher score indicating healthier behavior. RESULTS Of all participants, 61.1% had chronic depression (all IDS scores 14-84), 20.1% had intermittent depression (1 IDS score ≤ 14), and 18.7% remitted depression (last 2 IDS scores ≤14). None of the investigated lifestyle indicators, nor the composite lifestyle index was associated with depression course, after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle factors do not predict the course of depression at 2-year follow-up in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannie C. Comijs
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands,GGZ inGeest, AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rob M. Kok
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Roos C. Van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Julia F. Van den Berg
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands,Department of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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23
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Porcu M, Machado RCBR, Urbano M, Verri WA, Rossaneis AC, Vargas HO, Nunes SOV. Depressed female smokers have higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:90-95. [PMID: 29892702 PMCID: PMC5993894 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine clinical and biomarkers in depressed female smokers, in order to better clarify the process that link mood disorders, childhood trauma and smoking in women. Methods The clinical sample comprised women with unipolar or bipolar depression, divided into subgroups of smokers and never-smoker. The control groups comprised two subgroups non-depressed women, separated into smokers and never-smokers. A structured questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic and clinical data. The following scales were used: 17-item version Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A), Sheehan disability scale, the Child Trauma Questionnaire. The following biomarkers were investigated: lipid profile, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides the Castelli's Risk indexes I and II; and cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Results Depressed female smokers showed a number of significant positive correlations: emotional neglect and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.02); waist circumference and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); body mass index and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); HAM-A and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.03); IL-1β and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); IL-10 and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); IL-12 and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01);Castelli index I and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); Castelli index II and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); and a significantly negative correlation between HDLc and sTNF-R1(p = 0.014). Conclusion This study suggests that depressed female smokers who experienced more childhood trauma and had more anxiety symptoms are associated with the activation of inflammatory processes and alterations in components of lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Porcu
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Bueno Rezende Machado
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Urbano
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Statistics, Center of Exact Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rossaneis
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Jiang H, Li S, Yang J. Work Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Fishermen With a Smoking Habit: A Mediator Role of Nicotine Dependence and Possible Moderator Role of Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal. Front Psychol 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 29632504 PMCID: PMC5879124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined pathways of influence between work stress, depressive symptoms, nicotine dependence, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal in fishermen with smoking habits in Qionghai, Hainan province, China (N = 1068). These fishermen responded to multiple assessments a week before leaving on a deep-sea fishing trip, including a Mental Stressor Investigation Questionnaire (MSIQ), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ), and an Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses of the collected data in Mplus 7 showed that work stress and nicotine dependence were independent predictors of depressive symptoms. The relationship between work stress and depressive symptoms was found to be partially mediated by nicotine dependence and be moderated by cognitive reappraisal. The evidence suggests it advantageous to examine the need of work stress, nicotine dependence, and cognitive reappraisal when attempting to understand depressive symptoms in fishermen with a smoking habit. These findings suggest that improving nicotine dependence through work stress management and training in cognitive reappraisal could be utilized as effective modalities for improving depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sailan Li
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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25
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Cavicchioli FL, Maes M, Roomruangwong C, Bonifacio KL, Barbosa DS, Anderson G, Vargas HO, Nunes SOV. Associations between severity of anxiety and clinical and biological features of major affective disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:17-23. [PMID: 29156296 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with major affective disorders (MAFD) with comorbid anxiety show a greater functional impairment than those without anxiety. The aim of this study is to delineate the associations between severity of anxiety in MAFD, namely bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD), and MAFD characteristics and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Recruited were 82 participants with anxiety disoders and 83 without anxiety disoders, including 101 MAFD patients and 51 healthy controls. We used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) to measure severity of anxiety and made the diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and phobias. The HAM-A score is significantly predicted by higher number of depressive episodes, GAD and phobias, childhood trauma, tobacco use disorder, metabolic syndrome and lowered HDL-cholesterol. Increased HAM-A scores are, independently from severity of depression, associated with lowered quality of life, increased disabilities and suicidal ideation. Lithium treatment significantly lowers HAM-A scores. It is concluded that severity of anxiety significantly worsens the phenomenology of MAFD. Therefore, treatments of MAFD should target increased severity of anxiety and its risk factors including low HDL-cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, childhood trauma and tobacco use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | - Decio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil
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26
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Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Gonzalez-Rothi R, Sutin AR. Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:913-921. [PMID: 26786321 PMCID: PMC5926981 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHOD Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. RESULTS High neuroticism and low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with lower PEF, and higher likelihood of COPD and dyspnea. Conscientiousness had the strongest and most consistent associations, including lower risk of PEF less than 80% of the predicted value (OR = 0.67; 0.62-0.73) and dyspnea (OR = 0.52; 0.47-0.57). Although attenuated, the associations remained significant when accounting for smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases including cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. The associations between personality and PEF or dyspnea were similar among those with or without COPD, suggesting that psychological links to lung function are not disease dependent. In longitudinal analyses, high neuroticism (β = -0.019) and low conscientiousness (β = 0.027) predicted steeper declines in PEF. DISCUSSION A vulnerable personality profile is common among individuals with limited lung function and COPD, predicts shortness of breath and worsening lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
| | - Yannick Stephan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, University of Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Rothi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
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Caruso MJ, Reiss DE, Caulfield JI, Thomas JL, Baker AN, Cavigelli SA, Kamens HM. Adolescent chronic variable social stress influences exploratory behavior and nicotine responses in male, but not female, BALB/cJ mice. Brain Res Bull 2017; 138:37-49. [PMID: 28802900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders and nicotine use are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality as independent and comorbid diseases. Early-life stress, potentially via stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation, can exacerbate both. However, little is known about the factors that predispose individuals to the development of both anxiety disorders and nicotine use. Here, we examined the relationship between anxiety-like behaviors and nicotine responses following adolescent stress. Adolescent male and female BALB/cJ mice were exposed to either chronic variable social stress (CVSS) or control conditions. CVSS consisted of repeated cycles of social isolation and social reorganization. In adulthood, anxiety-like behavior and social avoidance were measured using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and social approach-avoidance test, respectively. Nicotine responses were assessed with acute effects on body temperature, corticosterone production, locomotor activity, and voluntary oral nicotine consumption. Adolescent stress had sex-dependent effects on nicotine responses and exploratory behavior, but did not affect anxiety-like behavior or social avoidance in males or females. Adult CVSS males exhibited less exploratory behavior, as indicated by reduced exploratory locomotion in the EPM and social approach-avoidance test, compared to controls. Adolescent stress did not affect nicotine-induced hypothermia in either sex, but CVSS males exhibited augmented nicotine-induced locomotion during late adolescence and voluntarily consumed less nicotine during adulthood. Stress effects on male nicotine-induced locomotion were associated with individual differences in exploratory locomotion in the EPM and social approach-avoidance test. Relative to controls, adult CVSS males and females also exhibited reduced corticosterone levels at baseline and adult male CVSS mice exhibited increased corticosterone levels following an acute nicotine injection. Results suggest that the altered nicotine responses observed in CVSS males may be associated with HPA dysregulation. Taken together, adolescent social stress influences later-life nicotine responses and exploratory behavior. However, there is little evidence of an association between nicotine responses and prototypical anxiety-like behavior or social avoidance in BALB/cJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Caruso
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - D E Reiss
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J I Caulfield
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J L Thomas
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A N Baker
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - H M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Sim YS, Lee JH, Kim KU, Ra SW, Park HY, Lee CH, Kim DK, Shin KC, Lee SH, Hwang HG, Ahn JH, Park YB, Kim YI, Yoo KH, Jeong I, Oh YM, Lee SD. Determinants of Nicotine Dependence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2017; 80:277-283. [PMID: 28747961 PMCID: PMC5526955 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036–1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376–29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388–34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su Sim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Uk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Cheol Shin
- Regional Center for Respiratory Disease, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Gyu Hwang
- Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Joong Hyun Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ina Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JY, Brook JS, Finch SJ, De La Rosa M, Brook DW. Joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s predicting generalized anxiety disorder. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:158-166. [PMID: 28281938 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1303958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms as predictors of generalized anxiety disorder using data from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. There were 674 African American (53%) and Puerto Rican (47%) participants. Among the 674 participants, 60% were females. In the logistic regression analyses, the indicators of membership in each of the joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s were used as the independent variables, and the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder in the mid-30s was used as the dependent variable. The high cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group and the low cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group were associated with an increased likelihood of having generalized anxiety disorder as compared to the no cigarette smoking with low depressive symptoms group. The findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Judith S Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Stephen J Finch
- b Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York , USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- c Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - David W Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
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30
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Carroll AJ, Carnethon MR, Liu K, Jacobs DR, Colangelo LA, Stewart JC, Carr JJ, Widome R, Auer R, Hitsman B. Interaction between smoking and depressive symptoms with subclinical heart disease in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Health Psychol 2017; 36:101-111. [PMID: 27736150 PMCID: PMC5269456 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether smoking exposure and depressive symptoms accumulated over 25 years are synergistically associated with subclinical heart disease, measured by coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHOD Participants (baseline: 54.5% women; 51.5% Black; age range = 18-30 years) were followed prospectively from 1985 to 2010 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Smoking status was queried yearly from Year 0 to Year 25 to compute packyears of smoking exposure. Depressive symptoms were measured on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale every 5 years to compute cumulative scores from Year 5 to Year 25. A three-level multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cumulative smoking, cumulative depressive symptoms, and their interaction with moderate-risk CAC (score 1-99) and higher-risk CAC (score ≥100) compared with no CAC (score = 0) at Year 25. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral covariates. RESULTS Among 3,189 adults, the cumulative Smoking × Depressive Symptoms interaction was not significant for moderate-risk CAC (p = .057), but was significant for higher-risk CAC (p = .001). For adults with a 30-packyear smoking history, average CES-D scores 2, 10, and 16 were, respectively, associated with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) 3.40 (2.36-4.90), 4.82 (3.03-7.66), and 6.25 (3.31-11.83) for higher-risk CAC (all ps < .05). CONCLUSION Cumulative smoking exposure and cumulative depressive symptoms have a synergistic association with subclinical heart disease, where higher lifetime smoking exposure and depressive symptoms are associated with greater odds of CAC. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Carroll
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Laura A Colangelo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
| | | | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Reto Auer
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Buathong N, Kalayasiri R, Chaliyavilaskul P, Phetnoi K, Ratananupong T. Association of cytochrome P450 2A6 polymorphism, anxiety, and environmental factors with cigarette smoking by Thai adults. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.1002.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The effects and associations of genetic variation, psychological, and environment factors associated with cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence remain largely unknown.
Objective
To determine the influence and association of functional genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), anxiety, and environmental factors on cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand between October 2014 and June 2015. We recruited 127 Thai adult smokers when they visited for an annual physical check-up. Participants completed questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and The Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Blood was collected for CYP2A6 genotyping to determine the enzyme metabolism level/group.
Results
Factors associated with significantly greater cigarette consumption were age and being ultrarapid/ extensive metabolizers (UM/EM). Anxiety and smoking by household family members were significantly associated with the degree of nicotine dependence. We observed associations between severe nicotine dependence and genotype (UM/EM) and age (b = 0.037; P = 0.005), intermediate metabolizers (IM) and age (b = 0.031; P = 0.43), UM/EM and anxiety (b = 0.258; P < 0.001), IM and anxiety (b = 0.285; P < 0.001), UM/EM and household smoking in the family members (b = 1.427; P = 0.003), and IM and smoking by household family members (b = 1.293; P = 0.024).
Conclusions
Information regarding the association between the gene encoding enzyme metabolism, anxiety, and their interactions may be beneficial for selecting treatment choices for smoking cessation for individual genotypic metabolizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napakkawat Buathong
- Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Rasmon Kalayasiri
- Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Pajaree Chaliyavilaskul
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Unit in Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Khwanruan Phetnoi
- Department of Pharmacology , Graduate school , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Thanapoom Ratananupong
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
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Fluharty M, Taylor AE, Grabski M, Munafò MR. The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:3-13. [PMID: 27199385 PMCID: PMC5157710 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome. RESULTS Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence, and smoking trajectory. The results for each category varied substantially, with evidence for positive associations in both directions (smoking to later mental health and mental health to later smoking) as well as null findings. Overall, nearly half the studies reported that baseline depression/anxiety was associated with some type of later smoking behavior, while over a third found evidence that a smoking exposure was associated with later depression/anxiety. However, there were few studies directly supporting a bidirectional model of smoking and anxiety, and very few studies reporting null results. CONCLUSIONS The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization (MR), which will allow us to draw stronger causal inferences. IMPLICATIONS We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies on the association of different aspects of smoking behavior with depression and anxiety. The results varied considerably, with evidence for smoking both associated with subsequent depression and anxiety, and vice versa. Few studies supported a bidirectional relationship, or reported null results, and no clear patterns by gender, ethnicity, clinical status, length to follow-up, or diagnostic test. Suggesting that despite advantages of longitudinal studies, they cannot alone provide strong evidence of causality. Therefore, future studies investigating this association should employ different methods allowing for stronger causal inferences to be made, such as MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Fluharty
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meryem Grabski
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Martínez-Vispo C, Becoña E. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad y el consumo de tabaco: una revisión. ANSIEDAD Y ESTRES-ANXIETY AND STRESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anyes.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hodgson K, Almasy L, Knowles EEM, Kent JW, Curran JE, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Fox PT, Pearlson GD, Krystal JH, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Genome-wide significant loci for addiction and anxiety. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:47-54. [PMID: 27318301 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity is common among individuals with addictive disorders, with patients frequently suffering from anxiety disorders. While the genetic architecture of comorbid addictive and anxiety disorders remains unclear, elucidating the genes involved could provide important insights into the underlying etiology. METHODS Here we examine a sample of 1284 Mexican-Americans from randomly selected extended pedigrees. Variance decomposition methods were used to examine the role of genetics in addiction phenotypes (lifetime history of alcohol dependence, drug dependence or chronic smoking) and various forms of clinically relevant anxiety. Genome-wide univariate and bivariate linkage scans were conducted to localize the chromosomal regions influencing these traits. RESULTS Addiction phenotypes and anxiety were shown to be heritable and univariate genome-wide linkage scans revealed significant quantitative trait loci for drug dependence (14q13.2-q21.2, LOD=3.322) and a broad anxiety phenotype (12q24.32-q24.33, LOD=2.918). Significant positive genetic correlations were observed between anxiety and each of the addiction subtypes (ρg=0.550-0.655) and further investigation with bivariate linkage analyses identified significant pleiotropic signals for alcohol dependence-anxiety (9q33.1-q33.2, LOD=3.054) and drug dependence-anxiety (18p11.23-p11.22, LOD=3.425). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the shared genetic underpinnings of addiction and anxiety and identifies genomic loci involved in the etiology of these comorbid disorders. The linkage signal for anxiety on 12q24 spans the location of TMEM132D, an emerging gene of interest from previous GWAS of anxiety traits, whilst the bivariate linkage signal identified for anxiety-alcohol on 9q33 peak coincides with a region where rare CNVs have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Other signals identified implicate novel regions of the genome in addiction genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hodgson
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - L Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - T D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - H H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - R L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health System, 7400, Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J H Krystal
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Haibach JP, Homish GG, Collins RL, Ambrosone CB, Giovino GA. Fruit and vegetable intake as a moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking. Subst Abus 2016; 37:571-578. [PMID: 27093192 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1179703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have consistently reported associations among depression, cigarette smoking, and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). This study evaluated FVI as a moderator of the association between depressive symptoms and smoking. METHODS The authors analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979: Child and Young Adult. The study sample was adults aged 19-33 years at baseline in the year 2004 from the Young Adult Survey portion. Moderation analyses were performed using the Johnson-Neyman technique to assess whether baseline FVI moderated the association between depressive symptoms and smoking status cross-sectionally and as a predictor of smoking cessation longitudinally at 4-year follow-up. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, at lower levels of FVI (<4.9 times/day), there was a significant association between smoking and depressive symptoms (P < .05), but not at higher levels of FVI (≥4.9 times/day; P > .05). Longitudinally, there was an inverse association between depressive symptoms and quitting smoking at FVI <1.2 times/day (P < .05), but there was not a significant association at FVI ≥1.2 times/day (P ≥ .05). CONCLUSIONS FVI moderated the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The cross-sectional findings might be partially explained by the longitudinal findings paired with prior research; there might be fewer smokers with high FVI because depressive symptoms are removed as an impediment to cessation. Further experimental research is warranted to test the efficacy of increased FVI as an adjunct to smoking cessation, with a possible mechanism of action being reduced depressive symptoms during quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Haibach
- a Department of Community Health and Health Behavior , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York , USA.,b Health Services Research and Development Service , US Department of Veterans Affairs , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
| | - Gregory G Homish
- a Department of Community Health and Health Behavior , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - R Lorraine Collins
- a Department of Community Health and Health Behavior , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- c Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Gary A Giovino
- a Department of Community Health and Health Behavior , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York , USA
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Bole U, Bregar B. Anxiety levels in employees and students in psychiatric nursing. OBZORNIK ZDRAVSTVENE NEGE 2016. [DOI: 10.14528/snr.2016.50.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several research finding indicate that nursing care professionals are often faced with situations which may lead to anxiety. The aim of the present research was to determine the prevalence and typical signs of anxiety among nursing employees and nursing students in psychiatric settings. Methods: The Burns Anxiety Inventory was used as an assessment tool to measure anxiety. The research sample consisted of 242 participants. The data collected were processed by the descriptive statistics, Leveneʹs test, the ANOVA statistical test, the Welchʹs t-test, and the post hoc analysis. Pearsonʹs correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of the association between the variables. Results: The results of the current study show that nearly half of the participants experience anxiety, but the differences were noted as regards their anxiety thoughts (p = 0.039). Anxiety feelings are more prevalent in female students (p = 0.046). Habitual smokers (p = 0.030) and casual smokers (p = 0.020) are more likely to develop anxious feelings and physical signs of anxiety. The anxiety signs are also more pronounced in the respondents with self-assessed lower economic status (p = 0.001) and poor self-rated health (p = 0.0001). Discussion and conclusion: The professionals and students in psychiatric nursing often encounter situations conducive to the development of anxiety. Further studies on the current topic are therefore recommended to design adequate educational programmes to timely recognise anxiety symptoms and to implement mutual and self-help measure.
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Alibekova R, Huang JP, Lee TSH, Au HK, Chen YH. Effects of smoking on perinatal depression and anxiety in mothers and fathers: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2016; 193:18-26. [PMID: 26766030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considerable concern persists on tobacco use during perinatal periods. No study has simultaneously investigated the longitudinal association of paternal smoking with maternal and paternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during perinatal periods. METHODS In this prospective study, 533 couples (pregnant women and their husbands) completed 5 self-report instruments from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. Generalized estimating equations were used for the analyses. RESULTS We found that fathers who smoked in the mother's presence had higher depressive (regression coefficient=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-1.8) and anxiety symptoms (3.0, 95% CI=1.2-4.7) during perinatal periods compared with nonsmoking fathers. Paternal smoking in the mother's presence also increased maternal disturbances, especially for depression during pregnancy (1.2, 95% CI=0.1-2.3) and anxiety during the postpartum period (3.4, 95% CI=0.6-6.3). No significant association was found between paternal smoking but not in the mother's presence and maternal emotional disturbances. Paternal smoking but not in the mother's presence affected only paternal anxiety, especially in the postpartum period (regression coefficient 2.7, 95% CI 0.7-4.7) compared with nonsmokers. LIMITATIONS Self-report measures were used. The effects of maternal smoking could not be estimated because of the small sample of pregnant women who disclosed their smoking status. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply a necessity to combine strategies for smoking cessation with interventions for affective disturbances in fathers. We also stress the importance of at least restricting the father's smoking in the presence of the pregnant wife during perinatal periods if smoking cessation is tentatively unattainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Alibekova
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Szu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Kien Au
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sarris J, Nishi D, Xiang YT, Su KP, Bannatyne A, Oliver G, Kua EH, Ng CH. Implementation of psychiatric-focused lifestyle medicine programs in Asia. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2015; 7:345-54. [PMID: 26403310 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle-focused health programs are growing in interest throughout Western society, and a range of lifestyle factors are known to enhance both physical and mental health. However, it remains largely unknown as to whether this approach is salient for the Asian context. The major components of integrative lifestyle-focused health programs to enhance mental and physical health are considered to include the evidence-based adoption of physical activity and exercise, dietary modification, general psychoeducation, adequate relaxation/sleep and social interaction, use of mindfulness techniques, the reduction of substance use, attention of intersecting environmental factors, and the potential use of motivation and goal-setting techniques. This paper outlines an overview of the evidence underpinning these elements, and discusses potential barriers and challenges, and what logistical considerations may need to be addressed in the implementation of such programs within the context of Asian cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Amy Bannatyne
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee-Heok Kua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Hong Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bardeen JR, Stevens EN, Clark CB, Lahti AC, Cropsey KL. Cognitive risk profiles for anxiety disorders in a high-risk population. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:572-6. [PMID: 26089016 PMCID: PMC4546877 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify subgroups of participants who may be at particularly high risk for anxiety pathology based on specific combinations of demographic characteristics and higher-order cognitive abilities in a population at disproportionate risk for deficits in cognitive abilities (i.e., smokers within the criminal justice system). Participants (N=495) provided demographic information, were administered a semi-structured diagnostic interview, and completed a number of measures assessing cognitive abilities. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) model using signal detection theory indicated that the strongest predictor of anxiety disorder diagnosis was race, with White participants having a 30.6% likelihood of diagnosis and participants in the non-White category (97% of which identified as Black/African American) having a 18.9% likelihood of diagnosis. Interestingly, the individual risk profile associated with the highest probability of having a current anxiety disorder was characterized by White participants with impaired response inhibition (58.6%), and the lowest probability of having a current anxiety disorder was among non-White males (13.9%). The findings, which indicated that White individuals with impaired response inhibition are at a disproportionately high risk for anxiety disorders, suggest a potential target for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin N. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C. Brendan Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adrienne C. Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L. Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Karen L. Cropsey, Psy.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Sparks Center 1004, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017. Phone: 205-975-4204,
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40
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Luik AI, Zuurbier LA, Direk N, Hofman A, Van Someren EJW, Tiemeier H. 24-HOUR ACTIVITY RHYTHM AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER PERSONS. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:684-92. [PMID: 25693731 DOI: 10.1002/da.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed circadian rhythms have been associated with depression and anxiety, but it is unclear if disturbances in the 24-hr activity rhythm and sleep are independently and specifically related to these disorders. METHODS In 1,714 middle-aged and elderly participants of the Rotterdam Study, we collected actigraphy recordings of at least 96 hr (138 ± 14 hr, mean ± standard deviation). Activity rhythms were quantified calculating the fragmentation of the rhythm, stability of the rhythm over days, and timing of the rhythm. Total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset were also estimated with actigraphy. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, persons with clinically relevant depressive symptoms were interviewed to diagnose DSM-IV-depressive disorder. Anxiety disorders were determined with the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS More fragmented rhythms were associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04;1.54) and anxiety disorders (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14;1.70) after covariate adjustment. Less stable rhythms, longer sleep onset latency, and more wake after sleep onset were related to clinically relevant depressive symptoms or anxiety disorders only if not adjusted for covariates and other activity rhythm and sleep indicators. CONCLUSIONS Our study in middle-aged and elderly persons suggests that fragmentation of the 24-hr activity rhythm is associated with depression and anxiety. Moreover, this association also largely accounts for the effect of disturbed sleep on these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette A Zuurbier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neşe Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mañanes G, Vallejo MA, Vallejo-Slocker L. Demographic, psychological and smoking characteristics of users of an on-line smoking cessation programme in the Spanish language. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 30:18-23. [PMID: 26318722 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of users of a smoking cessation programme run by the Open University of Spain (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia [UNED]). METHODS We examined the demographic, psychological and smoking characteristics of 23,763 smokers who participated in the on-line smoking cessation program of the UNED. The programme was open to any smoker, free of charge, and was fully automated and with direct access. RESULTS A total of 93.5% of the users were Spaniards, with an equal percentage of participation among men and women. The mean age was 39 years. Somewhat less than half were married and had a university education. The participants smoked a mean of 19.3 cigarettes per day, showing a mid-range level of nicotine dependence according to the Heaviness of Smoking Index. The results of the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Perceived Stress Scale were not clinically significant. In a secondary analysis of the data, we found gender differences in all the variables measured. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm the digital divide, with lower participation among people with a lower educational level. No association was observed between stress, anxiety or depression and cigarette consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mañanes
- Faculty of Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vallejo
- Faculty of Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Vallejo-Slocker
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Campus of Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
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Bernard P, Ninot G, Quantin X. Self‐reported physical activity in smoking pre‐cessation is not a protective factor against relapse for all. Am J Addict 2015; 24:153-159. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paquito Bernard
- Laboratory Epsylon EA 4556Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health BehaviorsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Department of Respiratory MedicineCHU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Gregory Ninot
- Laboratory Epsylon EA 4556Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health BehaviorsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Laboratory Epsylon EA 4556Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health BehaviorsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Department of Respiratory MedicineCHU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Jamal M, Van der Does W, Penninx BWJH. Effect of variation in BDNF Val(66)Met polymorphism, smoking, and nicotine dependence on symptom severity of depressive and anxiety disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 148:150-7. [PMID: 25618300 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking, especially nicotine dependence is associated with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val(66)Met polymorphism on the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in never-smokers, former smokers, non-dependent, and nicotine-dependent smokers with a current diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. METHODS Patients with depressive or anxiety disorders and with available BDNF Val(66)Met polymorphism data (N=1271) were selected from Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Dependent variables were severity of symptoms. Independent variables were smoking status and BDNF genotype. Age, sex, education, recent negative life events, alcohol use, body mass index, and physical activity were treated as covariates. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, nicotine-dependent smokers had more severe depressive symptoms than non-dependent smokers, former and never-smokers. The latter three groups did not differ in severity of depression. In Val(66)Val carriers, nicotine-dependent smokers had more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than the other three groups, which were comparable in symptom severity. In Met(66) carriers, there were no group differences on severity of depression and anxiety. Nicotine dependence was the strongest predictor of severity of symptoms only in Val(66)Val carriers. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a current diagnosis of depression or anxiety, the relationship between nicotine dependence and symptom severity may be moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met. These results suggest that inherent genetic differences may be crucial for the worse behavioral outcome of nicotine, and that Val(66)Val carriers may benefit most in mental health from smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Jamal
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, AJ Ernststraat 887, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Miná VAL, Lacerda-Pinheiro SF, Maia LC, Pinheiro RFF, Meireles CB, de Souza SIR, Reis AOA, Bianco B, Rolim MLN. The influence of inflammatory cytokines in physiopathology of suicidal behavior. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:219-30. [PMID: 25451421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the urgent need for reliable biomarkers in relation to suicide risk both for more accurate prediction as well as for new therapeutic opportunities, several researchers have been studied evidences of the potential participation of inflammatory processes in the brain, in particular cytokines, in suicide. The purpose of this review was to analyze the associations between inflammation markers and suicide. METHODS To achieve this goal, a systematic review of literature was conducted via electronic database Scopus using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "cytokines", "suicide" and "inflammation". Through this search it was found 54 articles. After analyzing them 15 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final sample. RESULTS One of the most mentioned inflammatory markers was Interferon-α (IFN-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine which has been shown to increase serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF- α) and IFN-ϒ, which are factors increased suicide victims and attempters. In this line, IL-6 is not only found to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters, even its levels in the peripheral blood have been proposed as a biological suicide marker. Another study stated that increased levels of IL-4 and IL-13 transcription in the orbitofrontal cortex of suicides suggest that these cytokines may affect neurobehavioral processes relevant to suicide. LIMITATIONS A lack of studies and great amount of cross-sectional studies. CONCLUSION Inflammation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of suicide, especially, levels of some specific inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L C Maia
- Federal University of Cariri, Brazil
| | | | | | - S I R de Souza
- Pos-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Brazil
| | - A O A Reis
- Pos-graduation Program in Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Bianco
- Pos-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Brazil
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Pizzo de Castro MR, Vargas Nunes SO, Guembarovski RL, Ariza CB, Oda JMM, Vargas HO, Piccoli de Melo LG, Watanabe MAE, Berk M, Maes M. STin2 VNTR polymorphism is associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:347-54. [PMID: 25451436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant comorbidity between mood disorders and tobacco use disorder (TUD), which may be related to both genetic and environmental factors. Gene variants of the 5-HT transporter, such as STin2 VNTR (a variable number of tandem repeats in the functional serotonin transporter intron 2) may be associated with mood disorders and TUD. AIMS This study aimed to delineate the association between the STin2 genetic polymorphism and comorbid TUD and mood disorders, including depression or bipolar disorder. METHODS We examined the STin2 VNTR polymorphism in never-smokers (n=113); patients with mood disorders without TUD (n=62); patients with TUD without mood disorders (n=90); and patients with both disorders (n=95). RESULTS We found a significant association between the STin2 genetic polymorphism and the above diagnostic groups whereby the STin2.12 allele shows a positive association with comorbid TUD and mood disorders (Odds ratio=3.07, 95% CI=1.41-6.68), while the STin2.10/10 homozygous genotype shows a negative association (Odds ratio=0.34, 95% CI=0.16-0.74). Adjusting for years of education, age, gender, marital status and ethnicity did not change these results, but showed that TUD was associated with lower education levels and less stable relationships, whereas mood disorders were related to female gender. A family history of TUD was significantly associated with TUD in subjects without mood disorders only. CONCLUSIONS The STin2.12 allele is positively and the STin2.10/10 genotype is negatively associated with comorbid TUD and mood disorders, depression or bipolar depression, suggesting that biological endophenotypes, e.g. disorders in serotonin metabolism, may in part underpin this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Pizzo de Castro
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Batista Ariza
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Barwon Health and the Geelong Clinic, Swanston Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil.
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[Psychodynamic psychotherapy, lifestyle and prevention]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2014; 60:350-67. [PMID: 25528871 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2014.60.4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with mental disorders frequently manifest unhealthy behavior, which contributes to their increased risk for chronic mental and somatic diseases as well as excess mortality rates of 10 years and more. It also impairs their well-being and the course of mental disorders.We analyzed whether by addressing unhealthy behavior prevention can be integrated into psychodynamic psychotherapy. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the role of unhealthy behavior for mental disorders, on the role of lifestyle risk factors in psychodynamic theory, and on barriers to the integration of addressing lifestyle in psychodynamic psychotherapy. RESULTS Smoking, unhealthy dietary habits, and physical inactivity constitute dysfunctional behavior, resulting from maladaptive self-representations and an impairment of emotion-regulation capacities. In psychodynamic psychotherapy this maladaptive behavior can be addressed and treated as a kind of defensive behavior and resistance. CONCLUSION We believe that by addressing unhealthy behavior prevention can become a crucial task for psychodynamic psychotherapists today.
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Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferases are associated with anxiety and mood disorders in nicotine dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2014; 24:87-93. [PMID: 24637631 PMCID: PMC4004636 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Nicotine dependence is associated with an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders and suicide. The primary hypothesis of this study was to identify whether the polymorphisms of two glutathione-S-transferase enzymes (GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes) predict an increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders in smokers with nicotine dependence. Materials and methods Smokers were recruited at the Centre of Treatment for Smokers. The instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, diagnoses of mood disorder and nicotine dependence according to DSM-IV (SCID-IV), and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Anxiety disorder was assessed based on the treatment report. Laboratory assessment included glutathione-S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1), which were detected by a multiplex-PCR protocol. Results Compared with individuals who had both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, a higher frequency of at least one deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was identified in anxious smokers [odds ratio (OR)=2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.05–4.65, P=0.034], but there was no association with bipolar and unipolar depression (P=0.943). Compared with nonanxious smokers, anxious smokers had a greater risk for mood disorders (OR=4.67; 95% CI=2.24–9.92, P<0.001), lung disease (OR=6.78, 95% CI=1.95–23.58, P<0.003), and suicide attempts (OR=17.01, 95% CI=2.23–129.91, P<0.006). Conclusion This study suggests that at least one deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes represents a risk factor for anxious smokers. These two genes may modify the capacity for the detoxification potential against oxidative stress.
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Emre N, Topal K, Bozkurt N, Topaktas E. Mental health screening and increased risk for anxiety and depression among treatment-seeking smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2014; 12:20. [PMID: 25745381 PMCID: PMC4350969 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the risk for mental health disorders between smokers and non-smokers and to assess the risk for depression and anxiety according to addiction severity. METHODS This cross-sectional study assesses the mental health status and relationship with the severity of nicotine addiction in a sample of smokers admitted to Pamukkale University Hospital Smoking Cessation Clinic (n = 101) from 1 June 2012 to 31 August 2012 compared to a group of non-smokers from the general population (n = 101). We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews to collect sociodemographic data; we assessed the participants' mental health status with the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and we measured nicotine addiction severity with the Fagerström Test. RESULTS The risk for mental illness reported by smokers based on the GHQ-12 was significantly higher than that for non-smokers (p = 0.001). The anxiety and depression scores according to HADS were higher among smokers (16.8% and 22.8%, respectively) than non-smokers (4.0% and 5.0%, respectively) (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively). The nicotine addiction severity was higher in smokers with higher anxiety and depression scores (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We found high scores for mental illness in treatment-seeking smokers compared with non-smokers. The risk for anxiety and depression was higher among smokers. Increased nicotine addiction severity was associated with increased risk for mental illness and increased scores of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Emre
- />Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, C103, 20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kenan Topal
- />Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, C103, 20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nurgul Bozkurt
- />Denizli State Hospital, Chest Diseases Clinic, No 1, 20010 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Eylem Topaktas
- />Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, C103, 20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
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Relationship Between Coffee Use and Depression and Anxiety in a Population of Adult Polysubstance Abusers. J Addict Med 2014; 8:438-42. [DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Brook JS, Lee JY, Brook DW. Trajectories of Marijuana Use Beginning in Adolescence Predict Tobacco Dependence in Adulthood. Subst Abus 2014; 36:470-7. [PMID: 25259421 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2014.964901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the "stage theory" suggests that marijuana use occurs after the initiation of tobacco smoking, substantial evidence exists that they often occur concurrently, and that the use of marijuana may influence the use of tobacco. METHODS This study uses trajectory analysis to examine the relationship between marijuana use beginning in adolescence and adult tobacco dependence in a 5-wave longitudinal study (mean ages in each wave: 14, 19, 24, 29, and 32). The sample consisted of 816 participants (52% African Americans, 48% Puerto Ricans), of whom 60% were females. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict later tobacco dependence from earlier trajectories of marijuana use. RESULTS A higher Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) for the chronic marijuana use trajectory group (odds ratio [OR]=10.93, P<.001; adjusted OR [AOR]=10.40, P<.001), for the increasing marijuana use trajectory group (OR=6.94, P<.001; AOR=6.73, P<.001), and for the moderate marijuana use trajectory group (OR=3.13, P<.001; AOR=3.18, P<.001) was associated with an increased likelihood of being dependent on tobacco compared with the BPP of the no or low marijuana use trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the value of considering multiple patterns of marijuana use within a person-centered approach. Thus, it would be appropriate for marijuana cessation programs to incorporate the prevention, assessment, and cessation of tobacco use in their health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - David W Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
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