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Carrillo-Sierra SM, Cárdenas-Cáceres L, Cadrazco-Urquijo JA, Salazar-Gómez AN, Rivera-Porras D, Bermúdez V. Psychological Therapies Used for the Reduction of Habitual Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Consumption: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:753. [PMID: 38929001 PMCID: PMC11203857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Globally, there are around 1.3 billion cigarette consumers, indicating it to be the second highest risk factor for early death and morbidity. Meanwhile, psychological therapy offers tools based on its different models and techniques, which can contribute to smoking cessation. In this context, this study gathers scientific evidence to identify psychological therapies that can be used to reduce cigarette consumption. A systematic review of controlled clinical studies was conducted, implementing the PRISMA methodology. Search queries were performed with terms extracted from MESH (Medical Subject Headings) and DECS (Descriptors in Health Sciences). Subsequently, the search was queried in the scientific databases of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PsycNet, with subsequent verification of methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The selected documents revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy prevails due to its use and effectiveness in seven publications (25%). The cognitive approach with mindfulness therapy is found in 4 publications (14%), the transtheoretical model with motivational therapy in 4 publications (14%), brief psychological therapy in 3 publications (10%), and the remaining 10 documents (37%) correspond with others. Intervention studies refer to cognitive behavioral therapy as the most used in reducing cigarette consumption; in terms of the duration of abstinence, scientific evidence shows beneficial effects with short-term reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra-Milena Carrillo-Sierra
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia; (L.C.-C.); (J.A.C.-U.); (A.N.S.-G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - Lorena Cárdenas-Cáceres
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia; (L.C.-C.); (J.A.C.-U.); (A.N.S.-G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - John Anderson Cadrazco-Urquijo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia; (L.C.-C.); (J.A.C.-U.); (A.N.S.-G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - Angie Natalia Salazar-Gómez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia; (L.C.-C.); (J.A.C.-U.); (A.N.S.-G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - Diego Rivera-Porras
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia; (L.C.-C.); (J.A.C.-U.); (A.N.S.-G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia;
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Matuszewski PE, Pease T, Martin JA, Joseph K, O'Toole RV. Quitline usage does not improve rates of smoking cessation in orthopaedic trauma patients unless combined with nicotine replacement therapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 34:833-838. [PMID: 37725265 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The negative effects of smoking following traumatic orthopaedic injury can lead to serious complications and decreased quality of life. The widely available quitline could be easily implemented in the orthopaedic postoperative period to improve outcome, but the effectiveness of this intervention in this population is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine if active referral to a quitline would improve rates of smoking cessation in this population. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial assessing the effectiveness of an inpatient intervention with varying intensities to promote smoking cessation. Participants were actively referred to the quitline as part of their intervention. Participants were surveyed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months following their injury for 7-day abstinence, chemically confirmed with exhaled carbon monoxide monitoring. RESULTS Smoking quitline use alone does not independently improve 7-day abstinence. Quitline and nicotine use are synergistic (OR, 5.6 vs. 2.3 at 3 months in patients who used nicotine patch and quitline vs. patch; OR, 7.8 vs. 2.1 at 3 months in patients who used any NRT and quitline vs. NRT alone). CONCLUSIONS NRT use improves smoking cessation rates in orthopaedic trauma patients. Although smoking quitline use might not independently improve cessation rates in orthopaedic trauma patients postoperatively, concomitant use of NRT with quitline improves quit rates over NRT alone. Patients referred to quitline should be encouraged to use NRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Matuszewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, 740 S. Limestone K401, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Tyler Pease
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, 740 S. Limestone K401, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jalen A Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, 740 S. Limestone K401, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Robert V O'Toole
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sharma H, Swetanshu, Singh P. Role of Yoga in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102032. [PMID: 37582455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a collection of conditions that affect the blood vessels and the heart. These conditions include cardiac rehabilitation, hypertension, cardiac failure, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and coronary heart disease. Poor nutrition, alcohol, lack of exercise, smoking, etc are the main behavioral risk factors for heart disease. This study delivers a methodical review of yoga's role in the management and inhibition of cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk factors. This review suggests that proper maintenance of fitness and stress employing yoga effectively lowers cardiovascular disease. In this review, various asanas, and pranayama like Marjaryasana, Kapalabhati, Halasana, etc have been discussed. Also, their role in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). In addition to this different metabolic syndrome associated with cardiovascular diseases and the relation of yoga with hypertension has been discussed. The review has documented satisfactory proof and concludes that yogic exercise enhances cardiovascular health and reduces associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Sharma
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swetanshu
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kapoor S, Dhankhar A, Bhatt G, Goel S, Singh RJ. Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Therapy for Tobacco Cessation in India: A Secondary Analysis of GATS-1 and 2. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:144-151. [PMID: 38425957 PMCID: PMC10900453 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_188_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background India has nearly 267 million adult tobacco users, with a slowly improving quitting rate. Among the many approaches to quitting the habit, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patch or gum, and prescribed allopathic medicines. Complementary and alternative medicine/therapy (CAM), a thousand-year-old practice in India, may also prove to be a potential method in tobacco cessation; however, there is scarce literature on the extent of use of CAM among tobacco users who attempt to quit the habit. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the potential of CAM as a strategy for tobacco control in India. Material and Methods We undertook a secondary analysis of the data from both rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009 and 2016). The dependent variable included in the analysis was the use of traditional medicine as a method for quitting tobacco in three types of users-smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and dual users. The prevalence of CAM use was reported, and Chi-square test was applied to find the factors significantly associated with the use of CAM among tobacco users considering a P value of 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of traditional medicine use for GATS-1 was observed to be more among dual users (4%), while for GATS-2, it was highest among smokers (3%). For both rounds of the GATS survey, the use of traditional medicine was found to be higher among males, rural residents, users with no education or less than primary education, and the eastern region. Conclusions CAM has a promising potential for supporting tobacco cessation provided a concerted effort is undertaken to standardize pharmacopeia and establish robust clinical evidence. In addition, there is a need to create awareness, build the capacity of healthcare providers, and foster academic-industrial research in indigenous Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kapoor
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushikha Dhankhar
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Bhatt
- Tobacco Control Unit, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rana J. Singh
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
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Cioe PA, Sokolovsky AW, Brewer JA, Kahler CW. App-Delivered Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in People with HIV Who Smoke: A One-Armed Feasibility Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4826. [PMID: 36981734 PMCID: PMC10048883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with HIV (PWH) who smoke have reported that managing anxiety is a barrier to making a quit attempt and maintaining abstinence post-quit. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of an app-based mindfulness intervention, Unwinding Anxiety, to reduce anxiety prior to a quit attempt in PWH who were not planning to quit in the next 30 days. METHODS Sixteen PWH (mean age 51.5 [SD = 13.2]; mean cigarettes per day 11.4 [SD = 5.4]) were enrolled and followed for eight weeks. A smartphone-based app with 30 modules designed to reduce anxiety was introduced at baseline; participants were encouraged to complete one module daily for four weeks. Symptoms of anxiety and readiness to quit smoking were measured at baseline and weeks 4 and 8. The mean number of modules completed, session attendance, and number of study completers were examined. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine changes in self-reported anxiety and readiness to quit at baseline, week 4, and week 8. A brief qualitative interview was conducted at week 4 to explore the acceptability of the app. RESULTS Feasibility was high, with 93% of participants completing the study. The mean number of study sessions completed was 2.7 (SD = 0.59), and the mean number of modules completed was 16.0 (SD 16.8). Anxiety was high at baseline (M = 14.4, SD = 3.9), but lower at week 4 (b = -5.5; CI: [-9.4, -1.7]; p = 0.004) and week 8 (b = -5.1; CI: [-8.8, -1.3]; p = 0.008), and stable between weeks 4 and 8 (b = 0.48; CI: [-2.0, 3.0]; p = 0.706). Readiness to quit significantly increased from baseline M = 5.5 (SD = 1.6) to week 4 (b = 0.56; CI: [0.20, 0.91]; p = 0.002) but was not significantly different from baseline at week 8 (b = 0.34; CI: [-0.30, 1.0]; p = 0.30). Ad-hoc moderation analyses found that anxiety had a small significantly positive association with readiness to quit at baseline (main effect: b = 0.10; SE = 0.03; p < 0.001) and significantly attenuated the increase in readiness to quit observed at week 4 (anxiety by week 4 interaction: b = -0.08; SE = 0.03; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS App-based mindfulness training appears to be feasible and acceptable for PWH who smoke and report baseline anxiety. At week 4, anxiety was reduced and readiness to quit was increased, perhaps a key time point for a smoking cessation attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Cioe
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (A.W.S.); (J.A.B.); (C.W.K.)
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Interactive media-based dance and art therapies as interventions for treating posttraumatic symptoms among school children with abduction experience. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 70:34-39. [PMID: 36796302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of interactive media-based dance and art therapies in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among school children in Nigeria who have experienced abduction. METHOD The study utilised a quasi-experimental design using a sample of 470 school children in Nigeria aged 10-18. The participants were divided into three groups, namely control, dance and art therapy groups. While participants in the art therapy group took part in art therapy sessions, those in dance therapy took part in dance therapy sessions. Participants in the control group received no intervention at all. RESULTS The result showed a drop in PTSD scores of participants in art and dance therapies at post-intervention and follow-up assessment after six months. However, those in the control group did not report a significant drop in their PTSD symptoms even after six months. Dance therapy was found to be more effective than art therapy. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study is that dance therapy is more effective even though both art and dance therapies assist children exposed to traumatic events. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study has offered empirical evidence that could guide the planning and implementation of therapies aimed at assisting school children aged 10-18 to recover from traumatic experiences.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based smoking cessation interventions may aid smoking cessation by teaching individuals to pay attention to, and work mindfully with, negative affective states, cravings, and other symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Types of mindfulness-based interventions include mindfulness training, which involves training in meditation; acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); distress tolerance training; and yoga. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation among people who smoke, and whether these interventions have an effect on mental health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and trial registries to 15 April 2021. We also employed an automated search strategy, developed as part of the Human Behaviour Change Project, using Microsoft Academic. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs that compared a mindfulness-based intervention for smoking cessation with another smoking cessation programme or no treatment, and assessed smoking cessation at six months or longer. We excluded studies that solely recruited pregnant women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methods. We measured smoking cessation at the longest time point, using the most rigorous definition available, on an intention-to-treat basis. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking cessation for each study, where possible. We grouped eligible studies according to the type of intervention and type of comparator. We carried out meta-analyses where appropriate, using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects models. We summarised mental health outcomes narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 21 studies, with 8186 participants. Most recruited adults from the community, and the majority (15 studies) were conducted in the USA. We judged four of the studies to be at low risk of bias, nine at unclear risk, and eight at high risk. Mindfulness-based interventions varied considerably in design and content, as did comparators, therefore, we pooled small groups of relatively comparable studies. We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of mindfulness training interventions on quit rates compared with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatment (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.46; I2 = 0%; 3 studies, 542 participants; low-certainty evidence), less intensive smoking cessation treatment (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.19; I2 = 60%; 5 studies, 813 participants; very low-certainty evidence), or no treatment (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.53; 1 study, 325 participants; low-certainty evidence). In each comparison, the 95% CI encompassed benefit (i.e. higher quit rates), harm (i.e. lower quit rates) and no difference. In one study of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, we did not detect a clear benefit or harm of the intervention over no treatment (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.67; 86 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of ACT on quit rates compared with less intensive behavioural treatments, including nicotine replacement therapy alone (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.53 to 3.02; 1 study, 102 participants; low-certainty evidence), brief advice (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.75; 1 study, 144 participants; very low-certainty evidence), or less intensive ACT (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.01; 1 study, 100 participants; low-certainty evidence). There was a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 82%) across studies comparing ACT with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatments, meaning it was not appropriate to report a pooled result. We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of distress tolerance training on quit rates compared with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatment (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.26 to 2.98; 1 study, 69 participants; low-certainty evidence) or less intensive smoking cessation treatment (RR 1.63, 95% CI 0.33 to 8.08; 1 study, 49 participants; low-certainty evidence). We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of yoga on quit rates compared with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatment (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.40 to 5.16; 1 study, 55 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Excluding studies at high risk of bias did not substantially alter the results, nor did using complete case data as opposed to using data from all participants randomised. Nine studies reported on changes in mental health and well-being, including depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and negative and positive affect. Variation in measures and methodological differences between studies meant we could not meta-analyse these data. One study found a greater reduction in perceived stress in participants who received a face-to-face mindfulness training programme versus an intensity-matched programme. However, the remaining eight studies found no clinically meaningful differences in mental health and well-being between participants who received mindfulness-based treatments and participants who received another treatment or no treatment (very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We did not detect a clear benefit of mindfulness-based smoking cessation interventions for increasing smoking quit rates or changing mental health and well-being. This was the case when compared with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatment, less intensive smoking cessation treatment, or no treatment. However, the evidence was of low and very low certainty due to risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision, meaning future evidence may very likely change our interpretation of the results. Further RCTs of mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation compared with active comparators are needed. There is also a need for more consistent reporting of mental health and well-being outcomes in studies of mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Norris
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Emily Hayes
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Lindson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bhattacharyya KK, Dobbs D, Hueluer G. Mind-Body Practice, Personality Traits, and Cognitive Performance: A 10-Years Study in US Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221083475. [PMID: 35299879 PMCID: PMC8922208 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221083475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely established that physical activity is associated with better cognitive outcomes, and accumulating evidence suggests that mind-body practice (MBP, e.g., movement therapies such as yoga) may yield similar benefits. Personality is related to both daily activities and cognition, but its role in the association between MBP and cognition is not well understood. Using data from waves 2 and 3 (2004–2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, the current study examines bidirectional temporal associations between personality traits, MBP, and cognition in healthy adults (N = 2050). We applied a cross-lagged regression analysis to examine bidirectional effects between MBP, Big Five personality traits, and two cognitive domains (episodic memory and executive function) and controlled for relevant variables (sociodemographic factors, health, and functional status) at wave 2. MBP at baseline was independently associated with more favorable change in episodic memory, but not in executive function, both before and after including control variables. Also, episodic memory and executive function at baseline were related to increase in MBP. The findings show that MBP and cognitive function predict each other over time. There is also some evidence for cognition and personality associations over time; however, personality traits are not related to subsequent MBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra Dobbs
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gizem Hueluer
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Sylvain B, Barbara B, Jean-Michel G, Thierry FC. Complementary and alternative medicines in patients with alcohol or tobacco use disorder: Use, Expectations and Beliefs. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tobacco Smoking and Liver Cancer Risk: Potential Avenues for Carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5905357. [PMID: 34925509 PMCID: PMC8683172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5905357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smoking a cigarette generates over 4000 chemicals that have a deleterious impact on each part of the human body. It produces three main severe effects on the liver organ: oncogenic, immunological, and indirect or direct toxic effects. It results in the production of cytotoxic substances, which raises fibrosis and necro-inflammation. Additionally, it also directs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) that will be responsible for the chronic liver injury. Furthermore, it gives rise to secondary polycythemia and successively raises the turnover and mass of red cells, which might be a common factor responsible for the development of oxidative stress in the liver due to iron overload. It also produces chemicals that are having oncogenic properties and raises the risk of liver cancer especially in sufferers of chronic hepatitis C. Smoking modulates both humoral and cell-mediated responses by restricting the proliferation of lymphocytes and inducing their apoptosis and ultimately decreasing the surveillance of cancer cells. Moreover, it has been determined that heavy smoking impacts the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon (IFN) therapy through different mechanisms, which can be improved by phlebotomy. Efforts are being made in different nations in decreasing the prevalence of smoking to improve premature death and ill effects of their nation's individuals.
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Mahajan SD, Homish GG, Quisenberry A. Multifactorial Etiology of Adolescent Nicotine Addiction: A Review of the Neurobiology of Nicotine Addiction and Its Implications for Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy. Front Public Health 2021; 9:664748. [PMID: 34291026 PMCID: PMC8287334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.664748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and its highly addictive nature is responsible for its widespread use and significant withdrawal effects that result in challenges to smoking cessation therapeutics. Nicotine addiction often begins in adolescence and this is at least partially attributed to the fact that adolescent brain is most susceptible to the neuro-inflammatory effects of nicotine. There is increasing evidence for the involvement of microglial cells, which are the brain's primary homeostatic sensor, in drug dependence and its associated behavioral manifestations particularly in the adolescent brain. A hallmark of neuro-inflammation is microglial activation and activation of microglia by nicotine during adolescent development, which may result in long-term addiction to nicotine. This non-systematic review examines multifactorial etiology of adolescent nicotine addiction, neurobiology of nicotine addiction and the potential mechanisms that underlie the effects of nicotine on inflammatory signaling in the microglia, understanding how nicotine affects the adolescent brain. We speculate, that modulating homeostatic balance in microglia, could have promising therapeutic potential in withdrawal, tolerance, and abstinence-related neural adaptations in nicotine addiction, in the adolescent brain. Further, we discuss nicotine addiction in the context of the sensitization-homeostasis model which provides a theoretical framework for addressing the potential role of microglial homeostasis in neural adaptations underlying nicotine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gregory G. Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Quisenberry
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Gordon JS, Bell ML, Armin JS, Giacobbi PR, Nair US. A telephone-based guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention: results of a randomized feasibility trial. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:516-529. [PMID: 32542352 PMCID: PMC7963280 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports the use of guided imagery for smoking cessation; however, scalable delivery methods are needed to make it a viable approach. Telephone-based tobacco quitlines are a standard of care, but reach is limited. Adding guided imagery to quitline services might increase reach by offering an alternative approach. PURPOSE To develop and test the feasibility and potential impact of a guided imagery-based tobacco cessation intervention delivered using a quitline model. METHODS Participants for this randomized feasibility trial were recruited statewide through a quitline or community-based methods. Participants were randomized to guided imagery Intervention Condition (IC) or active behavioral Control Condition (CC). After withdrawals, there were 105 participants (IC = 56; CC = 49). The IC consisted of six sessions in which participants created guided imagery audio files. The CC used a standard six-session behavioral protocol. Feasibility measures included recruitment rate, retention, and adherence to treatment. We also assessed 6-month quit rates and consumer satisfaction. RESULTS Both the IC and CC protocols were feasible to deliver. We finalized protocols and materials for participants, coaches and study staff, and delivered the protocols with fidelity. We developed successful recruitment methods, and experienced high retention (6 months = 81.9%) and adherence (all sessions = 66.7%). Long-term quit rates (IC = 27.9%; CC = 38.1%) compared favorably to those of quitlines, and program satisfaction was high, suggesting that the protocols are acceptable to smokers and may contribute to smoking abstinence. CONCLUSIONS The guided imagery intervention is feasible and promising, suggesting that a fully powered RCT to test the efficacy of the intervention is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02968381.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julie S Armin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peter R Giacobbi
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences and School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Uma S Nair
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Mitchell SA, Woods-Giscombe C, Kneipp SM, Beeber LS, Kulbok PA. Social determinants of smoking in women from low-income rural backgrounds: Findings from a photovoice study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:56-65. [PMID: 33593516 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Star A Mitchell
- St. David's School of Nursing, Texas State University, 100 Bobcat Way, Round Rock, TX 78655, United States of America.
| | - Cheryl Woods-Giscombe
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Shawn M Kneipp
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Linda S Beeber
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Pamela A Kulbok
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States of America.
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14
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Gupta S, Jhanjee S, Dhawan A. Effectiveness of Interventions Based on Yogic Breathing Practices (IB-YBP) on Substance Use Disorders-A Systematic Review of the Randomized Control Trials and Quasi-Experimental Trials. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1624-1641. [PMID: 34286672 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1942056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interventions based on Yogic Breathing Practices (IB-YBP) have shown promising results for substance use disorders (SUD). Research in this area is methodologically heterogeneous and only a few, but restricted, systematic reviews are available. The current systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of IB-YBP for SUD. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane's Library, EBSCO-Medline, and Google Scholar databases were searched for the randomized- (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials. Research involving participants with SUD, of either gender or any age, assessing the effectiveness of the IB-YBP either as a standalone intervention or as an adjuvant to standard treatment versus standard pharmacological/non-pharmacological treatment or no-intervention control were included. Studies having participants with co-morbid psychiatric illness and interventions not having IB-YBP as the predominant component were excluded. Results: The initial literature search yielded 396 articles and upon screening, only 14 studies were found eligible for this review. Most studies have researched IB-YBP as an adjunct to the standard treatment for SUD. Evidence for the effectiveness of IB-YBP is mostly available for tobacco and opioid use disorders, though only for short-term outcomes; however, literature is scarce for alcohol- and cocaine-use disorders. This review documented the effectiveness of the IB-YBP for substance use-related outcome parameters such as abstinence, quality of life (QoL), mood, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: IB-YBP may be an effective adjuvant to standard treatment for various SUD. However, more research is required to compare its effectiveness with standard treatment, and assessing its long-term efficacy, for it to be strongly recommended as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Sonali Jhanjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) & Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) & Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Weiss de Souza IC, Kozasa EH, Bowen S, Richter KP, Sartes LMA, Colugnati FAB, Noto AR. Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Program as an Adjunct to the Standard Treatment for Smoking: A Pragmatic Design Pilot Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1605-1613. [PMID: 32222767 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttreatment relapse is a major roadblock to stemming the global epidemic of tobacco-related illness. This article presents results from a pilot trial evaluating the feasibility and initial efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) as an adjunct to standard relapse prevention treatment (ST) for smoking cessation. AIMS AND METHODS Smokers (n = 86) in the maintenance phase of treatment were randomized to receive either ST plus MBRP (MBRP) (n = 44) or ST alone (ST) (n = 42). Data were collected at baseline and at 4-, 12-, and 24-week follow-up points. We evaluated the feasibility of the protocol with frequency analysis, and the efficacy with both intention to treat and complete case analyses of the effects of MBRP on abstinence. Secondary outcomes included mindfulness, craving, depression, anxiety, and positive/negative affect. RESULTS High adherence suggested MBRP is acceptable and feasible. Participants in the MBRP group reported increases in mindfulness (M = -7.833, p = .016), and reductions in craving (M = 17.583, p = .01) compared with the ST group. Intention to treat analysis found that, compared with MBRP (36.4%), ST (57.1%) showed trend-level superiority in abstinence at Week 4 (Prevalence Ratio = 0.63, p = .06); however at Week 24, the ST group (14.3%) demonstrated a twofold greater decrease in abstinence, compared with the MBRP group (20.1%) (Prevalence Ratio = 2.25, p = .08). Therefore, the MBRP group maintained a higher abstinence rate for longer. Reported effects were greater in the complete case analysis. CONCLUSIONS MBRP holds promise for preventing relapse after aided tobacco quit attempts. IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest that MBRP is acceptable, feasible, and valued by participants. At 24-week follow-up, there was a large effect size and a statistical trend toward fewer MBRP patients relapsing compared with ST patients. MBRP conferred ancillary benefits including reductions in craving and increases in levels of mindfulness. MBRP for tobacco cessation is highly promising and merits further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov. IDENTIFIER NCT02327104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Harumi Kozasa
- Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR
| | - Kimber P Richter
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kansas City, KS
| | | | | | - Ana Regina Noto
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Yuan JP, Connolly CG, Henje E, Sugrue LP, Yang TT, Xu D, Tymofiyeva O. Gray Matter Changes in Adolescents Participating in a Meditation Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:319. [PMID: 32922278 PMCID: PMC7456888 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meditation has shown to benefit a wide range of conditions and symptoms, but the neural mechanisms underlying the practice remain unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the structural brain changes due to the practice by examining volume, density, or cortical thickness changes. However, these studies have focused on adults; meditation’s structural effects on the adolescent brain remain understudied. In this study, we investigated how meditation training affects the structure of the adolescent brain by scanning a group of 38 adolescents (16.48 ± 1.29 years) before and after participating in a 12-week meditation training. Subjects underwent Training for Awareness, Resilience, and Action (TARA), a program that mainly incorporates elements from mindfulness meditation and yoga-based practices. A subset of the adolescents also received an additional control scan 12 weeks before TARA. We conducted voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess gray matter volume changes pre- to post-training and during the control period. Subjects showed significant gray matter (GM) volume decreases in the left posterior insula and to a lesser extent in the left thalamus and left putamen after meditation training. There were no significant changes during the control period. Our results support previous findings that meditation affects regions associated with physical and emotional awareness. However, our results are different from previous morphometric studies in which meditation was associated with structural increases. We posit that this discrepancy may be due to the differences between the adolescent brain and the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Yuan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Eva Henje
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Clinical Science/Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo P Sugrue
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Yoga, a combination of physical postures (asana), breathing exercises (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana), has gained increasing recognition as a form of mind-body exercise. In this narrative review, we intended to review the emerging evidence assessing the physiologic and clinical effects of yoga on the cardiovascular system and the potential role of yoga as a component of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases for literature related to cardiovascular effects of yoga from inception up until 2017. RESULTS Yoga has been shown to have favorable effects on systemic inflammation, stress, the cardiac autonomic nervous system, and traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Yoga has shown promise as a useful lifestyle intervention that can be incorporated into cardiovascular disease management algorithms. Although many investigators have reported the clinical benefits of yoga in reducing cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality, evidence supporting these conclusions is somewhat limited, thereby emphasizing the need for large, well-designed randomized trials that minimize bias and methodological drawbacks.
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Abstract
Rates of certain tobacco products have decreased over the past decade, but nicotine use disorder is still prevalent among adolescents. New trends in tobacco use, such as in the use of electronic cigarettes, are creating alarm. This article reviews nicotine addiction and measurement in adolescents, along with potential health risks and comorbidities. Various psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions are reviewed along with novel interventions that show promise for reducing tobacco use in this vulnerable population.
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19
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Walker SC, Duong M, Hayes C, Berliner L, Leve LD, Atkins DC, Herting JR, Bishop AS, Valencia E. A tailored cognitive behavioral program for juvenile justice-referred females at risk of substance use and delinquency: A pilot quasi-experimental trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224363. [PMID: 31697698 PMCID: PMC6837457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This pilot quasi-experimental trial tested a gender-responsive cognitive behavioral group intervention with 87 court-involved female adolescents (5 juvenile courts) who were at indicated risk for substance use disorder. Participants in the intervention (n = 57) received twice weekly group sessions for 10 weeks (20 sessions) focused on building emotional, thought and behavior regulation skills and generalizing these skills to relationally-based scenarios (GOAL: Girls Only Active Learning). Youth in the control condition (n = 30) received services as usual, which included non-gender-specific aggression management training, individual counseling and no services. The GOAL program was found to be acceptable to youth and parents and feasible to implement within a juvenile court setting using skilled facilitators. Compared to services as usual, the program significantly and meaningfully reduced self-reported delinquent behavior (β = 0.84, p < 0.05) over 6 months, and exhibited trend level effects for reduced substance use (β = 0.40, p = 0.07). The program had mixed or no effects on family conflict and emotion regulation skills. These findings are discussed in light of treatment mechanisms and gender-responsive services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mylien Duong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher Hayes
- Snohomish County Juvenile Court, Everett, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucy Berliner
- Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Trauma, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David C. Atkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jerald R. Herting
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Asia S. Bishop
- Department of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Esteban Valencia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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20
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Paulus DJ, Langdon KJ, Wetter DW, Zvolensky MJ. Dispositional Mindful Attention in Relation to Negative Affect, Tobacco Withdrawal, and Expired Carbon Monoxide On and After Quit Day. J Addict Med 2019; 12:40-44. [PMID: 28922195 PMCID: PMC5786492 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness (or "Mindful Attention") has been described as the presence or absence of attention to, and awareness of, what is occurring in the present moment. Among smokers, greater mindfulness is associated with greater effect stability and reduced cue-induced craving. While studies have shown that mindfulness is associated with other smoking-related factors such as reduced withdrawal symptoms using cross-sectional data, relatively little is known about the associations between baseline mindful attention and future abstinence-related effect/withdrawal. The current study sought to examine whether levels of mindful attention before cessation predicts negative affect, withdrawal, and level of expired carbon monoxide (CO) on quit day, and also 3 and 7 days after quitting, during a self-quit attempt. METHODS Data from 58 adults (mean age = 34.9; 65.5% male) participating in a self-quit study were available for analysis. Self-report measures of mindful attention, negative affect, and withdrawal symptoms were collected. Biochemical measurement of expired CO was also collected. Dependent variables were assessed on quit day, and also 3 and 7 days after quitting. Covariates included age, race, sex, self-reported level of cigarette dependence, and smoking status through 7 days. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association of baseline mindful attention in relation to the studied outcomes. RESULTS Greater mindful attention predicted lower negative affect and reduced withdrawal at all 3 time-points. Mindful attention did not predict levels of expired CO. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that mindful attention before or during smoking-cessation treatment may help to reduce negative affect and withdrawal, which serve as barriers to cessation for many smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David W. Wetter
- University of Utah, Department of Population Health Sciences and the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City,
UT
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, Texas
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21
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Hilton LG, Marshall NJ, Motala A, Taylor SL, Miake-Lye IM, Baxi S, Shanman RM, Solloway MR, Beroesand JM, Hempel S. Mindfulness meditation for workplace wellness: An evidence map. Work 2019; 63:205-218. [PMID: 31156202 PMCID: PMC6598008 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness interventions aim to foster greater attention and awareness of present moment experiences. Uptake of mindfulness programs in the workplace has grown as organizations look to support employee health, wellbeing, and performance. OBJECTIVE In support of evidence-based decision making in workplace contexts, we created an evidence map summarizing physical and mental health, cognitive, affective, and interpersonal outcomes from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mindfulness interventions. METHODS We searched nine electronic databases to July 2017, dually-screened all reviews, and consulted topic experts to identify systematic reviews on mindfulness interventions. The distribution of evidence is presented as an evidence map in a bubble plot. RESULTS In total, 175 systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. Reviews included a variety of mindfulness-based interventions. The largest review included 109 randomized controlled trials. The majority of these addressed general health, psychological conditions, chronic illness, pain, and substance use. Twenty-six systematic reviews assessed studies conducted in workplace settings and with healthcare professionals, educators, and caregivers. The evidence map shows the prevalence of research by the primary area of focus. An outline of promising applications of mindfulness interventions is included. CONCLUSIONS The evidence map provides an overview of existing mindfulness research. It shows the body of available evidence to inform policy and organizational decision-making supporting employee wellbeing in work contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G. Hilton
- Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Deloitte Consulting LLP, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nell J. Marshall
- Evidence-Based Synthesis Program (ESP) Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Aneesa Motala
- Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Taylor
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isomi M. Miake-Lye
- Evidence-Based Synthesis Program (ESP) Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sangita Baxi
- Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Roberta M. Shanman
- Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Michele R. Solloway
- Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M. Beroesand
- Evidence-Based Synthesis Program (ESP) Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Hempel
- Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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22
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Práticas corporais no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e Drogas: a percepção dos usuários. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Baert A, Clays E, Bolliger L, De Smedt D, Lustrek M, Vodopija A, Bohanec M, Puddu PE, Ciancarelli MC, Schiariti M, Derboven J, Tartarisco G, Pardaens S. A Personal Decision Support System for Heart Failure Management (HeartMan): study protocol of the HeartMan randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:186. [PMID: 30261836 PMCID: PMC6161437 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent chronic disease, for which there is no cure available. Therefore, improving disease management is crucial, with mobile health (mHealth) being a promising technology. The aim of the HeartMan study is to evaluate the effect of a personal mHealth system on top of standard care on disease management and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in HF. Methods HeartMan is a randomized controlled 1:2 (control:intervention) proof-of-concept trial, which will enrol 120 stable ambulatory HF patients with reduced ejection fraction across two European countries. Participants in the intervention group are equipped with a multi-monitoring health platform with the HeartMan wristband sensor as the main component. HeartMan provides guidance through a decision support system on four domains of disease management (exercise, nutrition, medication adherence and mental support), adapted to the patient’s medical and psychological profile. The primary endpoint of the study is improvement in self-care and HRQoL after a six-months intervention. Secondary endpoints are the effects of HeartMan on: behavioural outcomes, illness perception, clinical outcomes and mental state. Discussion HeartMan is technologically the most innovative HF self-management support system to date. This trial will provide evidence whether modern mHealth technology, when used to its full extent, can improve HRQoL in HF. Trial registration This trial has been registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03497871, on April 13 2018 with registration number NCT03497871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Baert
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3) Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3) Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Larissa Bolliger
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3) Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Smedt
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3) Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mitja Lustrek
- Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Vodopija
- Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Bohanec
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Schiariti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- Italian National Research Council (CNR) - Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (IASI), Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
| | - Sofie Pardaens
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, entrance 42 (4K3) Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital Aalst, Cardiovascular Center, Aalst, Belgium.
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24
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Alayan N, Eller L, Bates ME, Carmody DP. Current Evidence on Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback as a Complementary Anticraving Intervention. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:1039-1050. [PMID: 29782180 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited success of conventional anticraving interventions encourages research into new treatment strategies. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), which is based on slowed breathing, was shown to improve symptom severity in various disorders. HRVB, and certain rates of controlled breathing (CB), may offer therapeutic potential as a complementary drug-free treatment option to help control substance craving. METHODS This review evaluated current evidence on the effectiveness of HRVB and CB training as a complementary anticraving intervention, based on guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Studies that assessed a cardiorespiratory feedback or CB intervention with substance craving as an outcome were selected. Effect sizes were calculated for each study. The Scale for Assessing Scientific Quality of Investigations in Complementary and Alternative Medicine was used to evaluate the quality of each study reviewed. RESULTS A total of eight articles remained for final review, including controlled studies with or without randomization, as well as noncontrolled trials. Most studies showed positive results with a variety of methodological quality levels and effect size. Current HRVB studies rated moderately on methodological rigor and showed inconsistent magnitudes of calculated effect size (0.074-0.727) across populations. The largest effect size was found in a nonclinical college population of high food cravers utilizing the most intensive HRVB training time of 240 min. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of this review, there is beginning evidence that HRVB and CB training can be of significant therapeutic potential. Larger clinical trials are needed with methodological improvements such as longer treatment duration, adequate control conditions, measures of adherence and compliance, longitudinal examination of craving changes, and more comprehensive methods of craving measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Alayan
- 1 Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lucille Eller
- 2 School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Dennis P Carmody
- 2 School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
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25
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Luberto CM, Chad-Friedman E, Dossett ML, Perez GK, Park ER. Characteristics of adult smokers presenting to a mind-body medicine clinic. J Health Psychol 2018; 23:860-870. [PMID: 27688301 PMCID: PMC5519444 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316671023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body interventions can improve vulnerabilities that underlie smoking behavior. The characteristics of smokers who use mind-body medicine have not been explored, preventing the development of targeted interventions. Patients ( N = 593) presenting to a mind-body medicine clinic completed self-report measures. Patients were 67 percent never smokers, 27 percent former smokers, and 6 percent current smokers. Current smokers were younger; more likely to be single, unemployed, or on disability; and report greater depression symptoms, greater pain, and lower social support ( ps < .05).Current smokers who use mind-body medicine have unique psychosocial needs that should be targeted in mind-body smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Luberto
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Michelle L Dossett
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Giselle K Perez
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Harvard Medical School, USA
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26
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Wolever RQ, Caldwell KL, McKernan LC, Hillinger MG. Integrative Medicine Strategies for Changing Health Behaviors: Support for Primary Care. Prim Care 2018; 44:229-245. [PMID: 28501227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Until system reforms allow adequate time and reimbursement for primary care providers to focus on lifestyle change to prevent and mitigate chronic disease, primary care providers need a manageable, defined role to support lifestyle change. The authors suggest this role is to serve as a catalyst, priming the patient for change; educating and pointing the patient to appropriate, evidence-based resources for additional guidance and hands-on support; and providing ongoing encouragement throughout the long journey of change while patients work more intensely with health coaches or allied health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Q Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 3401 West End Avenue, Suite 380, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Karen L Caldwell
- Department of Human Development and Psychological Counseling, Appalachian State University, 151 College Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Lindsey C McKernan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 3401 West End Avenue, Suite 380, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Marni G Hillinger
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 3401 West End Avenue, Suite 380, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Chamine I, Atchley R, Oken BS. Hypnosis Intervention Effects on Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:271-283. [PMID: 29198290 PMCID: PMC5786848 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep improvement is a promising target for preventing and modifying many health problems. Hypnosis is considered a cost-effective and safe intervention with reported benefits for multiple health conditions. There is a growing body of research assessing the efficacy of hypnosis for various health conditions in which sleep was targeted as a primary or secondary outcome. This review aimed to investigate the effects of hypnosis interventions on sleep, to describe the hypnotic procedures, and to evaluate potential adverse effects of hypnosis. METHODS We reviewed studies (prior to January 2017) using hypnosis in adults for sleep problems and other conditions comorbid with sleep problems, with at least one sleep outcome measure. Randomized controlled trials and other prospective studies were included. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine nonduplicate abstracts were screened, and 24 of the reviewed papers were included for qualitative analysis. Overall, 58.3% of the included studies reported hypnosis benefit on sleep outcomes, with 12.5% reporting mixed results, and 29.2% reporting no hypnosis benefit; when only studies with lower risk of bias were reviewed the patterns were similar. Hypnosis intervention procedures were summarized and incidence of adverse experiences assessed. CONCLUSIONS Hypnosis for sleep problems is a promising treatment that merits further investigation. Available evidence suggests low incidence of adverse events. The current evidence is limited because of few studies assessing populations with sleep complaints, small samples, and low methodological quality of the included studies. Our review points out some beneficial hypnosis effects on sleep but more high-quality studies on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chamine
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel Atchley
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Barry S. Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Groden SR, Woodward AT, Chatters LM, Taylor RJ. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Older Adults: Differences between Baby Boomers and Pre-Boomers. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:1393-1401. [PMID: 28958866 PMCID: PMC5694360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) across age cohorts. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. PARTICIPANTS Adults born in 1964 or earlier (N = 11,371). Over half (61.3%) are baby boomers and 53% are female. Seventy-five percent of the sample is white, 10.2% African American, 0.6% black Caribbean, 9.35% Latino, and 4.1% Asian. MEASUREMENTS The dependent variable is a dichotomous variable indicating use of any CAM. The main predictor of interest is age cohort categorized as pre-boomers (those born in 1945 or earlier) and baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964). Covariates include the use of traditional service providers in the past 12 months and 12-month levels of mood, anxiety, and substance disorder. Disorders were assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression was used to test the association between use of CAM and age cohort. RESULTS Baby boomers were more likely than pre-boomers to report using CAM for a mental disorder. Among identified CAM users, a higher proportion of baby boomers reported using most individual CAM modalities. Prayer and spiritual practices was the only CAM used by more pre-boomers. CONCLUSIONS Age cohort plays a significant role in shaping individual healthcare behaviors and service use and may influence future trends in the use of CAM for behavioral health. Healthcare providers need to be aware of patient use of CAM and communicate with them about the pros and cons of alternative therapies.
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Yeh GY, Horwitz R. Integrative Medicine for Respiratory Conditions: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Clin North Am 2017; 101:925-941. [PMID: 28802471 PMCID: PMC5654539 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are 2 common chronic respiratory disorders in primary care that cause considerable morbidity and mortality. This article reviews disease pathophysiology and outlines an integrative, multidimensional approach to the evaluation and management of these conditions, including pharmacotreatment, nutrition, supplements, self-care strategies, mind-body therapies, and other integrative modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y Yeh
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 1309 Beacon Street, Brookline, MA 02446, USA.
| | - Randy Horwitz
- Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245153, Tucson, AZ 85724-5153, USA
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Serfaty S, Gale G, Beadman M, Froeliger B, Kamboj SK. Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: a Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies. Mindfulness (N Y) 2017; 9:44-58. [PMID: 29387264 PMCID: PMC5770486 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The psychological flexibility model (PFM) provides a framework for understanding and treating behavioural dysregulation in addictions. Rather than modulating the intensity of subjective experience, interventions based on, or consistent with, the PFM (PFM interventions) seek to alter the individual's relationship to internal states, such as craving, negative affect and drug-related thoughts, using mindfulness, acceptance and related strategies. Experimental (non-clinical) studies in smokers have examined the effects of specific isolated strategies informed by or consistent with the PFM (PFM strategies). Here, we systematically review these studies and determine the extent to which they conform to methodological standards indicative of high levels of internal validity. Eligible studies were identified through electronic database searches and assessed for the presence of specific methodological features. Provisional aggregate effect sizes were determined depending on availability of data. Of 1499 screened publications, 12 met the criteria. All examined aspects of private subjective experience relevant to abstinence (craving n = 12; negative affect n = 10), demonstrating effects favouring PFM strategies relative to inactive control conditions. However, only six assessed outcome domains consistent with the PFM and provided no consistent evidence favouring PFM strategies. Overall, most studies had methodological limitations. As such, high-quality experimental studies continue to be needed to improve our understanding of necessary and/or sufficient constituents of PFM-guided smoking cessation interventions. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Serfaty
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Gale
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Beadman
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Sunjeev K Kamboj
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Efficacy of mindfulness meditation for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2017; 69:27-34. [PMID: 28126511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokers increasingly seek alternative interventions to assist in cessation or reduction efforts. Mindfulness meditation, which facilitates detached observation and paying attention to the present moment with openness, curiosity, and acceptance, has recently been studied as a smoking cessation intervention. AIMS This review synthesizes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mindfulness meditation (MM) interventions for smoking cessation. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2016 to identify English-language RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of MM interventions for smoking cessation, reduction, or a decrease in nicotine cravings. Two independent reviewers screened literature using predetermined eligibility criteria, abstracted study-level information, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analyses used the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random-effects models. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. FINDINGS Ten RCTs of MM interventions for tobacco use met inclusion criteria. Intervention duration, intensity, and comparison conditions varied considerably. Studies used diverse comparators such as the American Lung Association's Freedom from Smoking (FFS) program, quitline counseling, interactive learning, or treatment as usual (TAU). Only one RCT was rated as good quality and reported power calculations indicating sufficient statistical power. Publication bias was detected. Overall, mindfulness meditation did not have significant effects on abstinence or cigarettes per day, relative to comparator groups. The small number of studies and heterogeneity in interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded detecting systematic differences between adjunctive and monotherapy interventions. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS MM did not differ significantly from comparator interventions in their effects on tobacco use. Low-quality evidence, variability in study design among the small number of existing studies, and publication bias suggest that additional, high-quality adequately powered RCTs should be conducted.
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Loree AM, Ondersma SJ, Grekin ER. Toward Enhancing Treatment for Pregnant Smokers: Laying the Groundwork for the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:562-571. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Butzer B, LoRusso A, Shin SH, Khalsa SBS. Evaluation of Yoga for Preventing Adolescent Substance Use Risk Factors in a Middle School Setting: A Preliminary Group-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:603-632. [PMID: 27246653 PMCID: PMC5133199 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a key developmental period for preventing substance use initiation, however prevention programs solely providing educational information about the dangers of substance use rarely change adolescent substance use behaviors. Recent research suggests that mind-body practices such as yoga may have beneficial effects on several substance use risk factors, and that these practices may serve as promising interventions for preventing adolescent substance use. The primary aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of yoga for reducing substance use risk factors during early adolescence. Seventh-grade students in a public school were randomly assigned by classroom to receive either a 32-session yoga intervention (n = 117) in place of their regular physical education classes or to continue with physical-education-as-usual (n = 94). Participants (63.2 % female; 53.6 % White) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing emotional self-regulation, perceived stress, mood impairment, impulsivity, substance use willingness, and actual substance use. Participants also completed questionnaires at 6-months and 1-year post-intervention. Results revealed that participants in the control condition were significantly more willing to try smoking cigarettes immediately post-intervention than participants in the yoga condition. Immediate pre- to post-intervention differences did not emerge for the remaining outcomes. However, long-term follow-up analyses revealed a pattern of delayed effects in which females in the yoga condition, and males in the control condition, demonstrated improvements in emotional self-control. The findings suggest that school-based yoga may have beneficial effects with regard to preventing males' and females' willingness to smoke cigarettes, as well as improving emotional self-control in females. However additional research is required, particularly with regard to the potential long-term effects of mind-body interventions in school settings. The present study contributes to the literature on adolescence by examining school-based yoga as a novel prevention program for substance use risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Butzer
- Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Londýnská 41, 120 00, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Amanda LoRusso
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunny H Shin
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sat Bir S Khalsa
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Epigenetic Mechanisms of Integrative Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4365429. [PMID: 28316635 PMCID: PMC5339524 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4365429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since time immemorial humans have utilized natural products and therapies for their healing properties. Even now, in the age of genomics and on the cusp of regenerative medicine, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches represents a popular branch of health care. Furthermore, there is a trend towards a unified medical philosophy referred to as Integrative Medicine (IM) that represents the convergence of CAM and conventional medicine. The IM model not only considers the holistic perspective of the physiological components of the individual, but also includes psychological and mind-body aspects. Justification for and validation of such a whole-systems approach is in part dependent upon identification of the functional pathways governing healing, and new data is revealing relationships between therapies and biochemical effects that have long defied explanation. We review this data and propose a unifying theme: IM's ability to affect healing is due at least in part to epigenetic mechanisms. This hypothesis is based on a mounting body of evidence that demonstrates a correlation between the physical and mental effects of IM and modulation of gene expression and epigenetic state. Emphasis on mapping, deciphering, and optimizing these effects will facilitate therapeutic delivery and create further benefits.
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Harvey J, Chadi N. Strategies to promote smoking cessation among adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2016; 21:201-8. [PMID: 27429574 DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, youth have been exposed to a broader spectrum of tobacco products including smokeless tobacco, hookah (water pipe) and e-cigarettes. Despite active local, provincial/territorial and national prevention strategies and legislated controls, thousands of teenagers develop an addiction to tobacco products each year. Current and available smoking cessation interventions for youth have the potential to help teens stop smoking and, as a result, greatly reduce Canada's health burden in the future. Paediatricians and health care professionals can play a key role in helping teens make informed decisions related to tobacco consumption and cessation. This practice point presents the evidence and rationales for smoking cessation interventions which have been studied in youth specifically, such as individual counselling, psychological support, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline. Interventions for which limited or conflicting data exist are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Harvey
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee
| | - Nicholas Chadi
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee
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Abstract
Meditation has become popular in many Western nations, especially the USA. An increasing body of research shows various health benefits associated with meditation and these findings have sparked interest in the field of medicine. The practice of meditation originated in the ancient Vedic times of India and is described in the ancient Vedic texts. Meditation is one of the modalities used in Ayurveda (Science of Life), the comprehensive, natural health care system that originated in the ancient Vedic times of India. The term “meditation” is now loosely used to refer to a large number of diverse techniques. According to Vedic science, the true purpose of meditation is to connect oneself to one's deep inner Self. Techniques which achieve that goal serve the true purpose of meditation. Neurological and physiological correlates of meditation have been investigated previously. This article describes the process of meditation at a more fundamental level and aims to shed light on the deeper underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects associated with meditation. Research on the effects of meditation is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Sharma
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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37
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Harvey J, Chadi N. Des stratégies pour promouvoir l'abandon du tabac chez les adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Loucks EB, Britton WB, Howe CJ, Eaton CB, Buka SL. Positive Associations of Dispositional Mindfulness with Cardiovascular Health: the New England Family Study. Int J Behav Med 2016; 22:540-50. [PMID: 25339282 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-014-9448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness (the ability to attend nonjudgmentally to one's own physical and mental processes) is receiving substantial interest as a potential determinant of health. However, little is known whether mindfulness is associated with cardiovascular health. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with cardiovascular health. METHOD Study participants (n = 382) were from the New England Family Study, born in Providence, RI, USA, with mean age 47 years. Dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Cardiovascular health was assessed based on American Heart Association criteria. Cross-sectional multivariable-adjusted log binomial regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Analyses demonstrated that those with high vs. low MAAS had prevalence ratio (PR) for good cardiovascular health of 1.83 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 3.13), adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. There were significant associations of high vs. low mindfulness with nonsmoking (PR = 1.37, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.76), body mass index <25 kg/m(2) (PR = 2.17, 95 % CI 1.16, 4.07), fasting glucose <100 mg/dL (PR = 1.47, 95 % CI 1.06, 2.04), and high physical activity (PR = 1.56, 95 % CI 1.04, 2.35), but not blood pressure, total cholesterol, or fruit/vegetable consumption. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that sense of control and depressive symptomatology may be mediators. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated preliminary cross-sectional evidence that dispositional mindfulness is positively associated with cardiovascular health, with the associations particularly driven by smoking, body mass index, fasting glucose, and physical activity. If in future research mindfulness-based practices are found to consistently improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, such interventions may have potential to strengthen effects of cardiovascular health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA,
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Prasad K. Viewpoint: Role of Mind-body Therapies in the Management of Cardiovascular Disorders. Eur Cardiol 2016; 11:111-113. [PMID: 30310456 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2016:17:2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) are the leading cause of death across the globe. The estimated cost to the National Health Service and UK economy is £30 billion. These costs continue to escalate despite major advances in pharmacotherapy and devices, which, in part, is due to improved survival, but also greater resource utilisation per patient. Hence, there is a need to develop cost-effective adjunctive therapies beyond conventional strategies. Mind-body therapies- including mindfulness and meditation, emotional regulation, practicing 'heartfelt' emotions including gratitude and compassion- may be novel low-cost approaches to reduce morbidity and mortality in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Prasad
- St George's, University of London, London, UK; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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Loucks EB, Schuman-Olivier Z, Britton WB, Fresco DM, Desbordes G, Brewer JA, Fulwiler C. Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: State of the Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Theoretical Framework. Curr Cardiol Rep 2015; 17:112. [PMID: 26482755 PMCID: PMC4928628 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide (1) a synopsis on relations of mindfulness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major CVD risk factors, and (2) an initial consensus-based overview of mechanisms and theoretical framework by which mindfulness might influence CVD. Initial evidence, often of limited methodological quality, suggests possible impacts of mindfulness on CVD risk factors including physical activity, smoking, diet, obesity, blood pressure, and diabetes regulation. Plausible mechanisms include (1) improved attention control (e.g., ability to hold attention on experiences related to CVD risk, such as smoking, diet, physical activity, and medication adherence), (2) emotion regulation (e.g., improved stress response, self-efficacy, and skills to manage craving for cigarettes, palatable foods, and sedentary activities), and (3) self-awareness (e.g., self-referential processing and awareness of physical sensations due to CVD risk factors). Understanding mechanisms and theoretical framework should improve etiologic knowledge, providing customized mindfulness intervention targets that could enable greater mindfulness intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Willoughby B Britton
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Gaelle Desbordes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judson A Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Carl Fulwiler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
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Williams H, Simmons LA, Tanabe P. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Advanced Nursing Practice: A Nonpharmacologic Approach to Health Promotion, Chronic Disease Management, and Symptom Control. J Holist Nurs 2015; 33:247-59. [PMID: 25673578 PMCID: PMC4532647 DOI: 10.1177/0898010115569349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss how advanced practice nurses (APNs) can incorporate mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as a nonpharmacologic clinical tool in their practice. Over the last 30 years, patients and providers have increasingly used complementary and holistic therapies for the nonpharmacologic management of acute and chronic diseases. Mindfulness-based interventions, specifically MBSR, have been tested and applied within a variety of patient populations. There is strong evidence to support that the use of MBSR can improve a range of biological and psychological outcomes in a variety of medical illnesses, including acute and chronic pain, hypertension, and disease prevention. This article will review the many ways APNs can incorporate MBSR approaches for health promotion and disease/symptom management into their practice. We conclude with a discussion of how nurses can obtain training and certification in MBSR. Given the significant and growing literature supporting the use of MBSR in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease, increased attention on how APNs can incorporate MBSR into clinical practice is necessary.
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Sun S, Yao Z, Wei J, Yu R. Calm and smart? A selective review of meditation effects on decision making. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1059. [PMID: 26257700 PMCID: PMC4513203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of meditation to improve cognitive performance, emotional balance, and well-being. As a consequence, research into the psychological effects and neural mechanisms of meditation has been accumulating. Whether and how meditation affects decision making is not yet clear. Here, we review evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies and summarize the effects of meditation on social and non-social economic decision making. Research suggests that meditation modulates brain activities associated with cognitive control, emotion regulation and empathy, and leads to improved non-social and social decision making. Accordingly, we propose an integrative model in which cognitive control, emotional regulation, and empathic concern mediate the effects of meditation on decision making. This model provides insights into the mechanisms by which meditation affects the decision making process. More evidence is needed to test our explanatory model and to explore the function of specific brain areas and their interactive effects on decision making during meditation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sun
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaixin Wei
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China ; School of Economics and Management and Scientific Laboratory of Economic Behaviors, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
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Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Edelen MO, Stucky BD, Li Z, Hansen M, Cai L. Development of the PROMIS positive emotional and sensory expectancies of smoking item banks. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 16 Suppl 3:S212-22. [PMID: 25118228 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The positive emotional and sensory expectancies of cigarette smoking include improved cognitive abilities, positive affective states, and pleasurable sensorimotor sensations. This paper describes development of Positive Emotional and Sensory Expectancies of Smoking item banks that will serve to standardize the assessment of this construct among daily and nondaily cigarette smokers. METHODS Data came from daily (N = 4,201) and nondaily (N =1,183) smokers who completed an online survey. To identify a unidimensional set of items, we conducted item factor analyses, item response theory analyses, and differential item functioning analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of fixed-item short forms (SFs) and computer adaptive tests (CATs) to efficiently assess the construct. RESULTS Eighteen items were included in the item banks (15 common across daily and nondaily smokers, 1 unique to daily, 2 unique to nondaily). The item banks are strongly unidimensional, highly reliable (reliability = 0.95 for both), and perform similarly across gender, age, and race/ethnicity groups. A SF common to daily and nondaily smokers consists of 6 items (reliability = 0.86). Results from simulated CATs indicated that, on average, less than 8 items are needed to assess the construct with adequate precision using the item banks. CONCLUSIONS These analyses identified a new set of items that can assess the positive emotional and sensory expectancies of smoking in a reliable and standardized manner. Considerable efficiency in assessing this construct can be achieved by using the item bank SF, employing computer adaptive tests, or selecting subsets of items tailored to specific research or clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhen Li
- CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark Hansen
- CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Li Cai
- CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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de Souza ICW, de Barros VV, Gomide HP, Miranda TCM, Menezes VDP, Kozasa EH, Noto AR. Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking: a systematic literature review. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:129-40. [PMID: 25710798 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a chronic process in which craving and negative affect are considered the main barriers to maintaining abstinence in patients who have gone through treatment. Mindfulness-based interventions have presented encouraging preliminary results in follow-up lasting up to 6 months. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking. METHODS Of 198 articles on mindfulness and smoking, 13 controlled empirical studies were selected for the analysis. The search included papers published through April 14, 2014. The databases used were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. RESULTS Scientific interest on mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of smoking has increased over the past decade. All articles reported promising results, especially for smoking cessation, relapse prevention, number of cigarettes smoked, the moderation of mindfulness on the strength of relationship between craving and smoking, and the development of coping strategies to deal with triggers to smoke. Most of the articles corresponded to pilot or feasibility randomized controlled trials with low risk of bias regarding random sequence generation, attrition, and reporting. However, few articles reported sufficient data on selection, performance, and detection bias. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness appears to induce positive effects on mental health, which might contribute to the maintenance of tobacco abstinence. Despite the promising results regarding the responses of tobacco smokers to mindfulness-based interventions, additional well-designed clinical studies are needed.
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Sohl SJ, Birdee G, Elam R. Complementary Tools to Empower and Sustain Behavior Change: Motivational Interviewing and Mindfulness. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 10:429-436. [PMID: 28239308 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615571524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving health behaviors is fundamental to preventing and controlling chronic disease. Healthcare providers who have a patient-centered communication style and appropriate behavioral change tools can empower patients to engage in and sustain healthy behaviors. This review highlights motivational interviewing and mindfulness along with other evidence-based strategies for enhancing patient-centered communication and the behavior change process. Motivational interviewing and mindfulness are especially useful for empowering patients to set self-determined, or autonomous, goals for behavior change. This is important because autonomously motivated behavioral change is more sustainable. Additional strategies such as self-monitoring are discussed as useful for supporting the implementation and maintenance of goals. Thus, there is a need for healthcare providers to develop such tools to empower sustained behavior change. The additional support of a new role, a health coach who specializes in facilitating the process of health-related behavior change, may be required to substantially impact public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy Elam
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Wen KY, Miller SM, Roussi P, Belton TD, Baman J, Kilby L, Hernandez E. A content analysis of self-reported barriers and facilitators to preventing postpartum smoking relapse among a sample of current and former smokers in an underserved population. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:140-151. [PMID: 25099776 PMCID: PMC4296888 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the barriers and facilitators thatprevent postpartum relapse and maintain smoking abstinence among a socioeconomically underserved population, recruited through Philadelphia-area women, infants, and children clinics, in-person interviews were conducted with 30 women who had quit smoking for one or more pregnancies in the past 3 years to retrospectively describe their attempts to remain abstinent during the postpartum period. Responses were analysed using the constructs from the Cognitive-Social Health Information Processing model, which identifies the cognitive, affective and behavioral factors involved in goal-oriented self-regulatory actions, in the context of a vulnerable population of women. Motherhood demands were a significant source of relapse stress. Stresses associated with partner and family relationships also contributed to relapse. The presence of other smokers in the environment was mentioned by many women in our sample as affecting their ability to remain smoke-free postpartum. Participants reported four main strategies that helped them to successfully cope with postpartum cravings and relapses, including being informed of smoking risks, maintaining goal-oriented thoughts, focusing on their concerns about the baby's health and receiving positive social support from families and friends. Results provide guidance for the design of smoking relapse interventions that may address the unique stressors reported by underserved postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yi Wen
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Miller
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pagona Roussi
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanisha D Belton
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayson Baman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda Kilby
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrique Hernandez
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA, Philadelphia Women, Infants and Children Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Evidence of efficacy in outcomes of complementary integrative therapies. J Addict Nurs 2014; 25:163-4. [PMID: 25514683 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chu P, Gotink RA, Yeh GY, Goldie SJ, Hunink MGM. The effectiveness of yoga in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 23:291-307. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314562741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Chu
- Department of Health Policy, Harvard University, MA, USA
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Rinske A Gotink
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
| | - Gloria Y Yeh
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Sue J Goldie
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - MG Myriam Hunink
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, MA, USA
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Herranz Valera J, Acuña Ruiz P, Romero Valdespino B, Visioli F. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among ashtanga yoga practitioners: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord 2014; 19:469-72. [PMID: 24852286 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthorexia nervosa (ON, i.e., fixation on righteous eating) is a poorly defined disordered eating behavior that results from a pathological obsession with food, its purported nutritional value, composition, origin, etc. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of ON in a local ashtanga yoga community, by using a validated questionnaire (ORTO-15) that sets a threshold of ON diagnosis at ≤40. RESULTS Among the 136 respondents, the mean ORTO-15 score (which was normally distributed) was 35.27 ± 3.69, i.e., 86 % of respondents had an ORTO-15 score lower than 40 and no significant association with age or BMI was recorded. When we analyzed the differential distribution of orthorexia in our cohort, we recorded an association of ORTO-15 score and vegetarianism, i.e., the ORTO-15 score was lower among vegetarians. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study should suggest ashtanga yoga teachers to avoid excessive reference to a healthy diet, which is natural component of yoga practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Herranz Valera
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, C/Faraday 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Chapin HL, Darnall BD, Seppala EM, Doty JR, Hah JM, Mackey SC. Pilot study of a compassion meditation intervention in chronic pain. JOURNAL OF COMPASSIONATE HEALTH CARE 2014; 1:4. [PMID: 27499883 PMCID: PMC4972045 DOI: 10.1186/s40639-014-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of anger as an important predictor of chronic pain outcomes suggests that treatments that target anger may be particularly useful within the context of chronic pain. Eastern traditions prescribe compassion cultivation to treat persistent anger. Compassion cultivation has been shown to influence emotional processing and reduce negativity bias in the contexts of emotional and physical discomfort, thus suggesting it may be beneficial as a dual treatment for pain and anger. Our objective was to conduct a pilot study of a 9-week group compassion cultivation intervention in chronic pain to examine its effect on pain severity, anger, pain acceptance and pain-related interference. We also aimed to describe observer ratings provided by patients' significant others and secondary effects of the intervention. METHODS Pilot clinical trial with repeated measures design that included a within-subjects wait-list control period. Twelve chronic pain patients completed the intervention (F= 10). Data were collected from patients at enrollment, treatment baseline and post-treatment; participant significant others contributed data at the enrollment and post-treatment time points. RESULTS In this predominantly female sample, patients had significantly reduced pain severity and anger and increased pain acceptance at post-treatment compared to treatment baseline. Significant other qualitative data corroborated patient reports for reductions in pain severity and anger. CONCLUSIONS Compassion meditation may be a useful adjunctive treatment for reducing pain severity and anger, and for increasing chronic pain acceptance. Patient reported reductions in anger were corroborated by their significant others. The significant other corroborations offer a novel contribution to the literature and highlight the observable emotional and behavioral changes in the patient participants that occurred following the compassion intervention. Future studies may further examine how anger reductions impact relationships with self and others within the context of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Chapin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beth D Darnall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Emma M Seppala
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - James R Doty
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jennifer M Hah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sean C Mackey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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