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Gendy MNS, Remers S, Samokhvalov AV, Sousa S, Rush B, Costello J, MacKillop J. Using Latent Profile Analysis to Characterize Clinical Heterogeneity and Impulsivity in a Large Residential Addiction Treatment Program. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39086209 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2352604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Clinical heterogeneity among patients in addiction treatment settings represents a challenge as most of the treatment programs are designed to treat substance use disorders (SUD) generally rather than offering more tailored approaches addressing individual patient needs. Systematic characterization of clinical heterogeneity may permit more individualized care paths toward improving outcomes. Methods: Data were collected from a large inpatient SUD treatment program between April 2018 and March 2020 (n = 1519). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to identify latent clusters based on differences in substance use and co-occurring depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: Five distinct profiles emerged: Profile 1 (38%) exhibited the lowest substance use and lowest psychiatric severity (Overall Low); Profile 2 (39%) exhibited high alcohol and psychiatric severity; Profile 3 (13%) exhibited high opioid severity and low psychiatric severity. Profile 4 (8%) exhibited high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, and profile 5 (3%) exhibited high polysubstance use other than alcohol and cannabis use. The latter two profiles were younger and exhibited higher self-regulatory deficits. The (High Alc/high psych) and the (High Cann/Psych) profiles exhibited differentially higher psychiatric severity. Profiles showing high polysubstance use, as well as high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, showed significantly higher impulsive behavior than the others. Conclusions: LPA revealed five clusters of patients varying substantially in terms of SUD and psychiatric severity. Addressing common features of clinical heterogeneity for tailored care paths in a personalized treatment approach may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N S Gendy
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
| | - Shannon Remers
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Inc., Guelph, Canada
| | - Andriy V Samokhvalov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Brian Rush
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean Costello
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Inc., Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Fantin EH, Benzano D, Ornell F, Ruwel AG, von Diemen L, Kessler FHP, Schuch JB. Implications of Impulsivity on Criminal Behavior in Individuals With Substance Use Disorder. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38935384 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2370411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the association between criminal behavior and impulsivity in individuals with drug addiction and investigate whether impulsiveness mediates the relationship between drug use severity and legal problems. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 773 men diagnosed with addiction (295 alcohol users and 478 users of crack/polysubstance) while undergoing addiction treatment. The BIS-11 and ASI-6 were applied to assess impulsivity, criminal behavior, and drug use. RESULTS The prevalence of criminal behavior was 41.7% (n = 123) in alcohol users and 64.9% (n = 310) in users of crack/polysubstance. Earlier use of different substances and higher impulsivity scores were observed in individuals with criminal history. Mediation analyses revealed that impulsiveness acts as a mediator factor between substance use and criminal behavior, enhancing the severity of legal problems. CONCLUSION Our findings can help in deciding on tailored treatment strategies, focusing not only on substance use, but also on the prevention of social problems, criminality, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hernández Fantin
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benzano
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Goldman Ruwel
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Basting EJ, Medenblik AM, Switalska K, Garner AR, Shorey RC, Stuart GL. Impulsivity Dimensions Predict Treatment Dropout Among Women in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorders. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241245827. [PMID: 38628873 PMCID: PMC11020744 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241245827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) is effective at reducing substance use, dependence, and other related problems. However, dropout from treatment against medical advice (AMA) is common in residential treatment settings. Studies have shown that impulsivity is associated with substance misuse and treatment dropout in predominately male samples, but less is known regarding whether impulsivity dimensions predict treatment dropout among women. This study examined impulsivity dimensions (ie, negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking) as predictors of dropout AMA among women in a residential substance use treatment facility (N = 229). Logistic regression results demonstrated that elevations in lack of perseverance and sensation seeking were associated with an increased odds of treatment dropout AMA and that lack of premeditation was associated with a decreased odds of treatment dropout AMA. Study findings suggest that early evidence-based interventions for sensation seeking and lack of perseverance may improve retention of women in residential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Basting
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alisa R Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan C Shorey
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Tomko RL, Wolf BJ, McClure EA, Carpenter MJ, Magruder KM, Squeglia LM, Gray KM. Who responds to a multi-component treatment for cannabis use disorder? Using multivariable and machine learning models to classify treatment responders and non-responders. Addiction 2023; 118:1965-1974. [PMID: 37132085 PMCID: PMC10524796 DOI: 10.1111/add.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatments for cannabis use disorder (CUD) have limited efficacy and little is known about who responds to existing treatments. Accurately predicting who will respond to treatment can improve clinical decision-making by allowing clinicians to offer the most appropriate level and type of care. This study aimed to determine whether multivariable/machine learning models can be used to classify CUD treatment responders versus non-responders. METHODS This secondary analysis used data from a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network multi-site outpatient clinical trial in the United States. Adults with CUD (n = 302) received 12 weeks of contingency management, brief cessation counseling and were randomized to receive additionally either (1) N-Acetylcysteine or (2) placebo. Multivariable/machine learning models were used to classify treatment responders (i.e. two consecutive negative urine cannabinoid tests or a 50% reduction in days of use) versus non-responders using baseline demographic, medical, psychiatric and substance use information. RESULTS Prediction performance for various machine learning and regression prediction models yielded area under the curves (AUCs) >0.70 for four models (0.72-0.77), with support vector machine models having the highest overall accuracy (73%; 95% CI = 68-78%) and AUC (0.77; 95% CI = 0.72, 0.83). Fourteen variables were retained in at least three of four top models, including demographic (ethnicity, education), medical (diastolic/systolic blood pressure, overall health, neurological diagnosis), psychiatric (depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder) and substance use (tobacco smoker, baseline cannabinoid level, amphetamine use, age of experimentation with other substances, cannabis withdrawal intensity) characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Multivariable/machine learning models can improve on chance prediction of treatment response to outpatient cannabis use disorder treatment, although further improvements in prediction performance are likely necessary for decisions about clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bethany J. Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Erin A. McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Magruder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Fletcher R, Regan C, Dizon J, Leigh L. Understanding Attrition in Text-Based Health Promotion for Fathers: Survival Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e44924. [PMID: 37594788 PMCID: PMC10474505 DOI: 10.2196/44924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based interventions targeting parents with health and parenting support frequently report high rates of attrition. The SMS4dads text messaging program, developed in Australia, has delivered texts to over 10,000 fathers. The brief text messages, which are sent 3 times per week from 16 weeks of gestation to 48 weeks after birth, include regular reminders that participants can leave the program by texting back "STOP" to any message. Although acceptance of the program is high, almost 1 in 5 ask it to be removed. Analyzing the factors influencing attrition from digital parenting programs such as SMS4dads may assist in developing more effective interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine factors associated with attrition in a text-based intervention targeting fathers. METHODS Demographic characteristics, requests to complete a psychological scale, individual message content, participant feedback, and automatically collected data registering clicks on links embedded in the texts were examined to identify attrition factors among 3261 participants enrolled in SMS4dads from 4 local health districts in New South Wales, Australia, between September 2020 and December 2021. RESULTS Participants who were smokers, recorded risky alcohol consumption, had a lower education level, or signed up prenatally had 30% to 47% higher hazard of dropout from the program, whereas participant age, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status, rurality, and psychological distress score (as Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] category) were not associated with dropout. Primary reasons for dropping out reported by 202 of 605 respondents included "other reasons" (83/202, 41.1%), followed by "not helpful" (47/202, 23.3%) and "too busy" (44/202, 21.8%). Program features such as repeated requests to complete a psychological scale (K10) and the content of individual messages were not linked to increased dropout rates. Analysis of a sample (216/2612) of inactive participants who had not engaged (clicked on any embedded links) for at least 10 weeks but who had not opted out identified a further 1.5% of participants who would opt to leave the program if asked. CONCLUSIONS Identifying which features of the participant population and of the program are linked to dropout rates can provide guidance for improving program adherence. However, with limited information from feedback surveys of those exiting early, knowing which features to target does not, by itself, suggest ways to increase engagement. Planning ahead to include robust measures of attrition, including more detailed feedback from participants, could provide more effective guidance. A novel element in this study was seeking feedback from inactive participants to estimate dropout from this group and thereby provide an overall dropout rate of 20%. The retention rate of 80%, relatively high compared with other web-based parenting programs for fathers, suggests that tailoring the content to specifically address fathers' role may be an important consideration in reducing fathers' disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fletcher
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Casey Regan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jason Dizon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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Zhang D, Zhou S, Zheng H, Guo L, Zhai J, Liu Z, Du Z, Dong P, Zhao M, Du J. How general functioning of family affects gambling-related beliefs: the mediating role of communication and the moderating role of impulsivity trait. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1165053. [PMID: 37520239 PMCID: PMC10373064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1165053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gambling behaviors can be exhibited by individuals raised in families with impaired parent-child communication and individuals with more impulsive traits. However, it remains unclear how gambling-related beliefs are modulated by impulsivity traits and parent-child communication styles. Methods A total of 95 adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed via DSM-5 criteria with gambling disorder (GD) completed our questionnaire. Participants filled out pen-and-paper questionnaires that included basic demographic information, the Family Assessment Device (FAD), Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS), Gambling Attitude and Belief Survey (GABS), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). We used a moderation mediation model to explore the relationship between variables. The study results were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05, or the 95% confidence interval did not contain zero. Results The scores of the problems in communication with mother subscale (PCMS) of PACS were significantly positively correlated with the scores of GABS and the general functioning 12-item subscale (GF12) of FAD. The relationship between the scores of GF12 and GABS was completely mediated [β = 4.83, (1.12, 10.02)] by PCMS scores, and the BIS scores moderated this relationship: the predictive path between GF12 and PCMS scores [index of moderated was β = -0.25, (-0.60, -0.04)], and the indirect predictive front path between the scores of GF12 and GABS were significant only in subjects with low BIS scores. Conclusion These findings suggest that poor general functioning of the family may increase gambling-related beliefs as a result of communication problems with mothers, and this result is only significant for individuals with low impulsivity. When treating patients with GD, more treatment of mother-child communication issues and individual impulsivity may be more conducive to their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- The Third People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyi Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Humphreys E, Ladner T, van Draanen J. A Qualitative Assessment of the Treatment Needs of Women with Concurrent Eating and Substance Use Disorders in a Residential Setting. J Dual Diagn 2023; 19:153-165. [PMID: 36977186 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2192175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Eating and substance use disorders (SUD) are generally treated separately, leaving eating disorders (ED) overlooked within substance use treatment. The frequent co-occurrence of SUD and ED is well documented. Despite their many similarities and frequent co-occurrence, these two disorder types continue to be largely treated separately-either sequentially, with the most severe disorder addressed first, or concurrently but in separate programs. Our study, therefore, responds to this lacuna of data on patient and provider treatment needs for integrated ED and SUD treatment, centering the perspectives of women with lived experience of ED and SUD to support the development of therapeutic groups for women in treatment programs. Methods: This study was designed as a needs and assets assessment to determine the needs and priorities of women with concurrent ED and SUD for developing group programs. Participants for the needs assessment included both staff members (n = 10) and women receiving treatment (n = 10) who were recruited from a 90-day residential treatment program for women with SUD in British Columbia, Canada. Interviews and focus groups conducted with participants were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed and coded using Dedoose software. Results: Six key themes emerged from the qualitative data and were organized into sections with sub themes. An overarching premise from both staff and program participants was the need for concurrent therapeutic programming, nutritional support, and medical monitoring. The six discrete themes that were elicited included the similarities between ED and SUD, gaps in treatment, community support, family involvement, program participant treatment suggestions, staff treatment suggestions, and family involvement. Conclusions: Throughout this qualitative study, the need for screening and assessment of both disorders along with integrated treatment was stressed by participants, both program participants and staff alike. These findings complement current literature and suggest that pursuing concurrent treatment design may be helpful in addressing unmet program participant needs and could provide a more holistic framework for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth Humphreys
- Eating Disorders Program, Fraser Health Authority, Delta, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tessa Ladner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jenna van Draanen
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Lozano-Rojas ÓM, Gómez-Bujedo J, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Lorca-Marín JA, Vera BDV, Moraleda-Barreno E. Impulsivity Predicts Relapse—but Not Dropout—in Outpatients with SUD: a Longitudinal Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare performance on a comprehensive impulsivity battery of SUD outpatients who dropout versus those who do not dropout and of abstainers versus relapsers at 3 and 12 months of treatment follow-up. Impulsivity was measured at the start of treatment and adherence and relapse at 3 and 12 months. The participants are 115 outpatients with SUD. Motor impulsivity (Affective Go/No Go), attentional impulsivity (Stroop), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MCQ), and decision making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) were assessed. Impulsivity was not associated with dropout. There were no relationships between treatment outcomes and the MCQ and IGT. Stroop and affective Go-No Go were associated with relapse at 3 and 12 months. Affective motor disinhibition and cognitive disinhibition predict relapse in outpatients. No cognitive aspect of impulsiveness is related to dropout.
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Beckmeyer JJ. Correlates of college student use of protective behavioral strategies when drinking alcohol. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36595650 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The present study identified student characteristics associated with using protective behavioral strategies (PBS) to reduce harms when consuming alcohol. Participants: 224 college students who drink alcohol (66.5% female, 89.7% White non-Hispanic, Mage = 21.04) completed an anonymous study survey. Methods: Participants reported use of three PBSs: serious harm reduction; stopping or limiting drinking; and manner of drinking. They also reported sensation seeking, romantic involvement, parent-student alcohol communication, and attitudes toward alcohol in college life. Results: Attitudes toward alcohol in college life, Greek life participation, and sensation seeking were the variables most consistently associated with PBS use. Perceiving alcohol as an important part of college and sensation seeking were associated with less PBS use, but Greek life participation was associated with greater PBS use. Conclusions: Specific resources may be needed to encourage PBS use among high sensation seeking students and those who believe alcohol is a part of college life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Beckmeyer
- School of Counseling and Well-Being, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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10
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Social Support and Drug Abstention Motivation among Chinese Male Drug Addicts: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Control and Sensation-Seeking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106015. [PMID: 35627551 PMCID: PMC9140880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine how social support affects Chinese male drug addicts’ abstention motivation. To elucidate the mechanism as well as the boundary condition of the aforesaid influence, self-control and sensation-seeking were induced. Using the questionnaire method, the cross-sectional data were collected from 498 male drug addicts from one hospital and four compulsory isolation drug abstention centers in Central China region. The results indicated that social support has a positive direct and indirect effect on abstention motivation. The indirect influence is that the impact of social support on abstention motivation is mediated by self-control. The direct effect was moderated by sensation-seeking. Specifically, for individuals with low sensation-seeking, social support can significantly increase drug abstinence motivation, but this effect was not significant for those with high sensation-seeking. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.
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Vintró-Alcaraz C, Mestre-Bach G, Granero R, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S. Do emotion regulation and impulsivity differ according to gambling preferences in clinical samples of gamblers? Addict Behav 2022; 126:107176. [PMID: 34782207 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emotion regulation (ER) and impulsivity impairments have been reported in patients with gambling disorder (GD). However, both constructs have not been studied in depth jointly in clinical samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze ER and impulsive tendencies/traits in a sample of n = 321 treatment-seeking individuals with GD by differentiating them according to their gambling preference (n = 100 strategic; n = 221 non-strategic). METHODS Our sample was assessed through the DERS (ER), the UPPS-P (impulsivity), and the DSM-5 (GD severity). RESULTS The non-strategic group included a higher proportion of women and reported greater ER impairments, and more impulsive traits/tendencies compared to strategic gamblers. GD severity was associated with all DERS subscale (except for awareness) and with urgency dimensions of the UPPS-P. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that strategic and non-strategic gamblers differ in their ER processes and impulsive tendencies, showing the first clinical group a more adaptive profile. These results suggest the relevance of assessing these ER and impulsivity in order to tailor better treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sliedrecht W, Roozen HG, Witkiewitz K, de Waart R, Dom G. The Association Between Impulsivity and Relapse in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Literature Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:637-650. [PMID: 33382416 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Impulsivity has been identified as a key relapse risk factor in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the inherent characteristics of this relationship have been largely understudied. The heterogeneity of AUD and variation in impulsivity constructs require careful consideration to inform future work examining the relationship. This study sought to review empirical findings examining facets of impulsivity and AUD relapse. METHODS A systematic search strategy was employed to capture studies on impulsivity measures related to AUD relapse. Impulsivity measures were qualitatively organized in terms of 'trait impulsivity'-typically measured by self-report questionnaires-and 'behavioural impulsivity', i.e. 'motor impulsivity', 'impulsive choice' and 'reflection impulsivity, assessed with cognitive-behavioural tasks. RESULTS Seventeen peer-reviewed papers were identified. Relapse outcomes varied substantially in relation to impulsivity measures. Twelve papers included aspects of 'trait impulsivity', and nine studies included 'behavioural impulsivity' measures, from which five studies dealt with the 'impulsive choice' subcategory. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale was the self-report questionnaire that was most frequently used. CONCLUSIONS All three included facets of impulsivity ('trait-, motor- and impulsive choice impulsivity') were associated with AUD relapse, but none seemed to be superior to another. This study confirmed that research on the relation between impulsivity and AUD relapse is relatively scarce. Future research and treatment options are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco Sliedrecht
- De Hoop GGZ, Provincialeweg 70, 3329 KP Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Roozen
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico (UNM), MSC 11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- The University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ranne de Waart
- Mentrum/Arkin, Domselaerstraat 126, 1093 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Egal A, Donon C, Jakubiec L, Lambert L, Fatseas M, Auriacombe M. [Ordalie, sensation-seeking and impulsivity. Critical analysis of definitions]. Encephale 2021; 48:163-170. [PMID: 34099245 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the use of the terms impulsivity, sensation-seeking and ordalie to refer to risk-taking behaviors can sometimes be confusing. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish a clinical definition of the concepts of ordalie, sensation-seeking and impulsivity, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between these concepts. METHODS We prioritized literature review articles with or without meta-analysis from the Medline database and supplemented with the Google-Scholar database. The articles were included in this review if their objectives were in line with ours. The research was conducted in November 2018. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles were selected. There are similarities in the clinical definitions of these concepts with measurable heterogeneous constructions, and an exacerbation in adolescence for engagement in harmful behaviors, but there are also nuances that highlight their differences. CONCLUSION We were able to describe areas of divergence and convergence between these three concepts but not to establish a quantitative diagram of the areas of divergence and convergence. It would seem that the coexistence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity in the same individual could explain that individual's involvement in ordalique behaviors. Further studies approaching this hypothesis would seem useful in terms of preventing risk-taking behaviors such as addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Egal
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Filière Addictologie, CH Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - C Donon
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Filière Addictologie, CH Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - L Jakubiec
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - L Lambert
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - M Fatseas
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - M Auriacombe
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Center for studies of addiction, department of psychiatry, Perelman school of medicine, university of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA, États-Unis.
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14
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Rodriguez-Moreno DV, Cycowicz YM, Figner B, Wang Z, He X, Geronazzo-Alman L, Sun X, Cheslack-Postava K, Bisaga A, Hoven CW, Amsel LV. Delay discounting and neurocognitive correlates among inner city adolescents with and without family history of substance use disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100942. [PMID: 33751954 PMCID: PMC8010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with a family history (FH+) of substance use disorder (SUD) are at a greater risk for SUD, suggested to be partly due to the transmission of behavioral impulsivity. We used a delay discounting task to compare impulsivity in decision-making and its associated brain functioning among FH+ and FH - minority adolescents. Participants chose between Smaller Sooner (SS) and Larger Later (LL) rewards. The SS was available immediately (Now trials) or in the future (Not-Now trials), allowing for greater differentiation between impulsive decisions. The FH+ group showed greater impatience by responding SS more frequently than the FH - group, only on the Now trials, and even when the relative reward differences (RRD) increased. Surprisingly, there were no differences in brain activity between the groups. Combined, the groups showed greater reward activity during the Now vs. Not-Now trials in medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., an immediacy effect). As the RRD increased activation in the reward network decreased, including the striatum, possibly reflecting easy decision-making. These results indicate that risk for SUD, seen behaviorally among FH+ adolescents, may not yet be associated with discernable brain changes, suggesting that early intervention has the potential to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael M Cycowicz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Bernd Figner
- Behavioural Science Institute and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhishun Wang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaofu He
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lupo Geronazzo-Alman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Bisaga
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina W Hoven
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence V Amsel
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Kuhlemeier A, Desai Y, Tonigan A, Witkiewitz K, Jaki T, Hsiao YY, Chang C, Van Horn ML. Applying methods for personalized medicine to the treatment of alcohol use disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2021; 89:288-300. [PMID: 34014691 PMCID: PMC8284918 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are effective, but there are substantial individual differences in treatment response. This study examines the potential use of new methods for personalized medicine to test for individual differences in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and to provide predictions of which will work best for individuals with AUD. We highlight both the potential contribution and the limitations of these methods. METHOD We performed secondary analyses of abstinence among 1,144 participants with AUD participating in either outpatient or aftercare treatment who were randomized to receive either CBT or MET in Project MATCH. We first obtained predicted individual treatment effects (PITEs), as a function of 19 baseline client characteristics identified a priori by MATCH investigators. Then, we tested for the significance of individual differences and examined the predicted individual differences in abstinence 1 year following treatment. Predictive intervals were estimated for each individual to determine if they were 80% more likely to achieve abstinence in one treatment versus the other. RESULTS Results indicated that individual differences in the likelihood of abstinence at 1 year following treatment were significant for those in the outpatient sample, but not for those in the aftercare sample. Individual predictive intervals showed that 37% had a better chance of abstinence with CBT than MET, and 16% had a better chance of abstinence with MET. Obtaining predictions for a new individual is demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Personalized medicine methods, and PITE in particular, have the potential to identify individuals most likely to benefit from one versus another intervention. New personalized medicine methods play an important role in putting together differential effects due to previously identified variables into one prediction designed to be useful to clinicians and clients choosing between treatment options. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kuhlemeier
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yasin Desai
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Tonigan
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas Jaki
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Chi Chang
- Office of Medical Education Research and Development & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - M. Lee Van Horn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a significant public health problem. Understanding the behavioral and personal factors that influence risk and incidence of SRC is critically important for appropriate care and management. Sensation-seeking and impulsivity have been posited to be two such factors that may be significantly associated with SRC. We performed a focused review of recent evidence of the relationships between sensation-seeking and impulsivity in athletes with SRC. RECENT FINDINGS While the research is relatively limited, extant findings demonstrate a significant relationship between sensation-seeking and contact sport participation and risk of prior and future SRC. Impulsivity appears to be common among athletes competing in high contact sports and may contribute to neural and functional brain changes following SRC; however, causal relationships between impulsivity, contact sport participation, and SRC have not been demonstrated. Both sensation-seeking and impulsivity are significantly associated with SRC in collegiate athletes. Interventions designed to ameliorate high levels of these constructs may prove to be beneficial avenues to reducing SRC risk and improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Liebel
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Katherine A M Edwards
- Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Yang CC, Mauer L, Völlm B, Khalifa N. The Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Impulsivity in People with Mental Disorders: a Systematic Review and Explanatory Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:499-520. [PMID: 33009976 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multi-faceted construct that underpins various mental health disorders. Impulsive behavior exacts a substantial health and economic burden, hence the importance of developing specific interventions to target impulsivity. Two forms of non-invasive brain stimulation, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), have been used to modulate impulsivity. To date, no reviews have systematically examined their effects on modulating impulsivity in people with mental health disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from AMED, Embase, Medline and PsycINFO databases on the use of rTMS and tDCS to modulate impulsivity in people with mental health disorders. Results from 11 tDCS and 18 rTMS studies indicate that tDCS has a significant, albeit small, effect on modulating impulsivity (g = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.48; p = .004) whereas rTMS has no significant effect on impulsivity (g = -0.08; 95% Cl, -0.35 to 0.19; p = .550). Subgroup analyses identified the key parameters required to enhance the effects of tDCS and rTMS on impulsivity. Gender and stimulation intensity acted as significant moderators for effects of rTMS on impulsivity. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of tDCS or rTMS in clinical practice to reduce impulsivity in people with mental health disorders. The use of standardized non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and outcome measures in patients with the same diagnosis is advised to minimize methodological heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No 291 ZhongZheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Laura Mauer
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Völlm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitat Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Najat Khalifa
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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18
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Protogerou C, McHugh RK, Johnson BT. How best to reduce unhealthy risk-taking behaviours? A meta-review of evidence syntheses of interventions using self-regulation principles. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 14:86-115. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1707104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Protogerou
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts (SSHA) and Health Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), University of California, Merced, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Kathryn McHugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Blair T. Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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19
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Liu M, Argyriou E, Cyders MA. Developmental Considerations for Assessment and Treatment of Impulsivity in Older Adults. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 47:165-177. [PMID: 31907880 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is an important factor in many clinical disorders, especially alcohol and substance use disorders. Most of the research on impulsivity in this domain has focused on adolescence and young adulthood, as this developmental period is characterized by onset of and escalation in alcohol and substance use, likely driven in part by brain development patterns. Although many individuals eventually "mature out" of these behaviors in middle adulthood, a critical subset of people do not. The role of impulsivity in middle-to-older adulthood, when certain individuals transition from normative to disordered substance use, has not been carefully examined. The goal of this paper is to review the literature on measuring and modifying impulsivity from adolescence through older adulthood, with a special focus on middle-to-older adulthood. We propose that impulsivity research should include data on middle-to-older adulthood as an important time of transition to disordered use. We consider how impulsivity might have unique meaning at different stages of the adult lifespan and suggest modifications for assessing and treating impulsivity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Liu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eva Argyriou
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Fielenbach S, Donkers FCL, Spreen M, Smit A, Bogaerts S. Theta/SMR Neurofeedback Training Works Well for Some Forensic Psychiatric Patients, But Not for Others: A Sham-Controlled Clinical Case Series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:2422-2439. [PMID: 31130043 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19849562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback could be a promising treatment for forensic psychiatric patients. Increasing evidence shows some patients are unable to regulate cortical activity. Before neurofeedback can be applied successfully, research is needed to investigate the interpersonal mechanisms responsible for patients' ability to respond to neurofeedback. A single-case experimental design allows for close monitoring of individual patients, providing valuable information about patients' response to the intervention and the time frame in which changes in clinical symptoms can be observed. Four patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) substance use disorder and various comorbidities participated in a sham-controlled clinical case study. Self-report level of impulsivity and craving were assessed. Results indicate that one patient showed more improvements on behavioral measures after the neurofeedback training than did the others. This patient reported less impulsivity and reduced levels of self-reported craving. However, these findings could not be attributed to the neurofeedback intervention. The findings suggest that there is insufficient evidence for the beneficial effects of a theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback intervention on measures of impulsivity and craving, and that there may be great interindividual differences in patients' ability to regulate cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fielenbach
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 2 Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Spreen
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Smit
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Bogaerts
- 2 Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- 4 Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
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Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Predicting contingency management treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers. Addict Behav 2019; 90:334-340. [PMID: 30508743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral measures of impulsive behavior include the dimensions of behavioral disinhibition, decision-making, and lapses of attention. These behaviors are associated with a range of risky activities during adolescence, including cigarette smoking; however, few studies have evaluated their associations with tobacco treatment outcomes. The current study examined the relationship between impulsive behavior and contingency management treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers. METHODS Data from two contingency management smoking cessation trials were combined (N = 189 adolescents). Participants provided breath carbon monoxide (CO) samples with incentives delivered contingent (i.e., active treatment [AT] condition) or non-contingent (i.e., control treatment [CT] condition) on CO level. Dimensions of impulsive behavior were assessed pre- and post-treatment using the Go/Stop Task, a measure of delay discounting, a continuous performance task, while self-reported impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Adolescent. Relationships between impulsive behavior and treatment outcomes (efficacy and adherence) were assessed using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS Participants in the AT condition had significantly lower program CO levels at each treatment phase. Delay discounting in the AT condition predicted CO levels, with those discounting the most lowering their breath CO levels the least. Delay discounting also predicted program adherence across both conditions. CONCLUSIONS Delay discounting may be the most relevant dimension of impulsive behavior to predict outcomes for adolescent smokers completing CM programs, both in terms of successful reductions in smoking and program adherence. Suggestions are made to reduce the effects of delay discounting for adolescent smokers using this treatment approach.
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22
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Waller R, Hicks BM. Trajectories of alcohol and marijuana use among primary versus secondary psychopathy variants within an adjudicated adolescent male sample. Personal Disord 2019; 10:87-96. [PMID: 30080061 PMCID: PMC6318045 DOI: 10.1037/per0000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between low-anxious primary versus high-anxious secondary psychopathy is well-established among incarcerated adults and adolescents. However, no studies have used a prospective longitudinal approach to explore whether primary versus secondary psychopathy variants have different rates of alcohol and marijuana use across adolescence, and what mechanisms account for these differences. The sample was 1,170 male adolescents who had interacted with the justice system, with data collected as part of the Pathways to Desistance project. We used interviewer assessments of psychopathy and self-reported anxiety at baseline to identify primary and secondary psychopathy subgroups. We explored subgroup differences via self-reported measures of psychopathic traits and anxiety, aggression, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at baseline and a 6-month follow-up. Finally, we tested whether groups had different trajectories of alcohol and marijuana use over 4 years, and whether poor impulse control or anxiety mediated these differences. Latent profile analysis identified four groups: low-anxious primary psychopathy, high-anxious secondary psychopathy, anxious only, and low risk. The secondary group had similar levels of aggression and psychopathy to the primary group, but more depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The primary and secondary psychopathy variants did not differ in rates of alcohol or marijuana use across adolescence, but alcohol use among secondary variants was specifically mediated via poor impulse control. The findings establish two psychopathy groups that differ meaningfully in their internalizing psychopathology and pathways to alcohol use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Greater tolerance to losses in sensation seeking: Evidence from probability and delay discounting. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:159-165. [PMID: 30445273 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation seeking is a behavioral endophenotype of substance use and is associated with abnormalities in financial reward processing. Previous research suggests that high sensation seekers (HSS) relative to low sensation seekers (LSS) show either an enhanced sensitivity to financial rewards or a reduced sensitivity to financial punishments. However, there are few studies investigating the valuation of financial rewards and punishments as a function of delivery probability and delay, two important aspects of reward processing that influence the valuation. METHODS We administrated a probability discounting task and a delay discounting task to 56 HSS and 57 LSS selected from a large sample. Each task was crossed with two factors: valence (gain vs. loss) and amount (Ұ1000 vs. Ұ50000). RESULTS For the probability discounting task, HSS discounted probabilistic losses but not gains more steeply than LSS, irrespective of the amount of outcome. For the delay discounting task, HSS discounted delayed losses more steeply than LSS, for the large but not small amount condition. In contrast, both groups exhibited comparable discounting rates for gains across the two amount conditions. These results remained significant when impulsivity levels were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data strengthen the argument that the dysfunctional valuation in sensation seeking is valence specific, which may be driven by a weaker avoidance system, rather than by a stronger approach system.
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Sexton JD, Nichols CD, Hendricks PS. Population Survey Data Informing the Therapeutic Potential of Classic and Novel Phenethylamine, Tryptamine, and Lysergamide Psychedelics. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:896. [PMID: 32116806 PMCID: PMC7026018 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of contemporary psychedelic research has focused on ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, though there are hundreds of novel psychedelic compounds that may have clinical utility. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of classic and novel phenethylamine, tryptamine, and lysergamide psychedelics via a large, nationally representative population-based survey. METHODS We tested the unique associations of lifetime classic and novel phenethylamine, tryptamine, and lysergamide psychedelics with past month psychological distress and past year suicidality among respondents pooled from years 2008-2017 of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (weighted N = 260,964,827). RESULTS Lifetime classic tryptamine use was associated with a decreased odds of past month psychological distress [aOR = 0.76; (0.69-0.83)] and past year suicidal thinking [aOR = 0.79; (0.72-0.87)]. Lifetime novel phenethylamine use, on the other hand, was associated with an increased odds of past year suicidal thinking [aOR = 1.44; (1.06-1.95)] and past year suicidal planning [aOR = 1.60; (1.06-2.41)]. No other significant associations were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings, which may be driven by differences in pharmacodynamics, suggest that classic tryptamines may hold the greatest therapeutic potential of the psychedelics, whereas novel phenethylamines may pose risk for harm. The present findings thus support continued research on the clinical application of classic tryptamines. Though the current results caution against the clinical utility of novel phenethylamines, further study of these and other novel psychedelic substances is nonetheless warranted to better understand their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sexton
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Charles D Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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25
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Effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on empathy and impulsivity in healthy adult males. Brain Cogn 2018; 128:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Kozak K, Lucatch AM, Lowe DJE, Balodis IM, MacKillop J, George TP. The neurobiology of impulsivity and substance use disorders: implications for treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1451:71-91. [PMID: 30291624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is strongly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). Our review discusses impulsivity as an underlying vulnerability marker for SUDs, and treatment of co-occurring impulsivity in SUDs. Three factors should be considered for the complex relationship between impulsivity and a SUD: (1) the trait effect of impulsivity, centering on decreased cognitive and response inhibition, (2) the state effect resulting from either acute or chronic substance use on brain structure and function, and (3) the genetic and environmental factors (e.g., age and sex) may influence impulsive behavior associated with SUDs. Both subjective and objective measures are used to assess impulsivity. Together, treatment developments (pharmacological, behavioral, and neurophysiological) should consider these clinically relevant dimensions assessed by a variety of measures, which have implications for treatment matching in individuals with SUD. Despite its heterogeneity, impulsivity is a marker associated with SUDs and may be understood as an imbalance of bottom-up and top-down neural systems. Further investigation of these relationships may lead to more effective SUD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliya M Lucatch
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darby J E Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Yang CC, Völlm B, Khalifa N. The Effects of rTMS on Impulsivity in Normal Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:377-392. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Sensation seeking moderates television's cultivation of alcohol and tobacco beliefs: Evidence from a national study of French adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 186:193-200. [PMID: 29604527 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Television (TV) is a key socialization agent, especially amongst youth. According to cultivation theory, youth heavily exposed to TV content, where positive images of smoking and drinking abound, should hold more positive beliefs concerning drinking and smoking outcomes. This research investigates the role of the sensation-seeking personality trait in moderating this TV cultivation effect. METHODS A French national research company contacted its panel members with children aged 13-17. Parents completed a short survey and were asked for consent for their child to participate in a study. The children were then contacted, informed, and asked for assent. Assenters completed a survey that included measures of TV exposure, personality traits, drinking and smoking behaviors, and beliefs about the outcomes associated with drinking and smoking (expectancies). Parental drinking, smoking, and strictness were included as controls. RESULTS Survey data from 1040 adolescents (54.2% males) and their parents reveal that the relationship between cumulative TV exposure and drinking and smoking behavior, mediated through expectancies, is strongest amongst high sensation seeking adolescents. The moderated mediation analysis shows that sensation seeking trait moderates the relationship between TV exposure and the beliefs adolescents hold about the consequences of alcohol and tobacco use, which themselves are related to greater likelihood to engage in substance use. CONCLUSION Key personality traits and TV exposure levels must be accounted for to identify youth at risk of using substances at a time when many lifelong maladaptive behaviors and beliefs form.
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Rubenis AJ, Fitzpatrick RE, Lubman DI, Verdejo-Garcia A. Impulsivity predicts poorer improvement in quality of life during early treatment for people with methamphetamine dependence. Addiction 2018; 113:668-676. [PMID: 28987070 DOI: 10.1111/add.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methamphetamine dependence is associated with heightened impulsivity and diminished quality of life, but the link between impulsivity and changes in quality of life during treatment has not been examined. We aimed to investigate how different elements of impulsivity predict change in quality of life in the 6 weeks after engaging in treatment. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational cohort study. SETTING Public and private detoxification and rehabilitation facilities in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and eight individuals with methamphetamine dependence (81 male) tested within 3 weeks of commencing treatment; 80 (74%) were followed-up at 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The Continuous Performance Test-2 measured impulsive action (cognitive and motor impulsivity); the Delay Discounting Task measured impulsive choice. Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief, which includes social, psychological, physical and environment domains. Control variables included age, gender, estimated IQ, depression severity score, methamphetamine dependence severity score, cannabis dependence severity score and treatment modality. FINDINGS We found that all three forms of impulsivity were significant predictors of change in the social domain: motor impulsivity (β = -0.54, P = 0.013), cognitive impulsivity (β = -0.46, P = 0.029) and impulsive choice (β = -0.26, P = 0.019). Change in the psychological domain was predicted significantly by motor impulsivity (β = -0.45, P = 0.046). Control variables of age and depression were associated significantly with changes in the physical domain. CONCLUSIONS In Australian methamphetamine-dependent individuals, elevated impulsivity predicts lower improvement of social and psychological quality of life in the first 6-9 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rubenis
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Fitzpatrick
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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García-Marchena N, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pedraz M, Araos PF, Rubio G, Ruiz JJ, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Castilla-Ortega E, Santín LJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Higher Impulsivity As a Distinctive Trait of Severe Cocaine Addiction among Individuals Treated for Cocaine or Alcohol Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 29491842 PMCID: PMC5817335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite alcohol being the most often used addictive substance among addicted patients, use of other substances such as cocaine has increased over recent years, and the combination of both drugs aggravates health impairment and complicates clinical assessment. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize heterogeneous subgroups of cocaine- and alcohol-addicted patients with common characteristics based on substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidity and impulsivity. METHODS A total of 214 subjects with cocaine and/or alcohol use disorders were recruited from outpatient treatment programs and clinically assessed. A latent class analysis was used to establish phenotypic categories according to diagnosis of cocaine and alcohol use disorders, mental disorders, and impulsivity scores. Relevant variables were examined in the latent classes (LCs) using correlation and analyses of variance and covariance. RESULTS Four LCs of addicted patients were identified: Class 1 (45.3%) formed by alcohol-dependent patients exhibiting lifetime mood disorder diagnosis and mild impulsivity; Class 2 (14%) formed mainly by lifetime cocaine use disorder patients with low probability of comorbid mental disorders and mild impulsivity; Class 3 (10.7%) formed by cocaine use disorder patients with elevated probability to course with lifetime anxiety, early and personality disorders, and greater impulsivity scores; and Class 4 (29.9%) formed mainly by patients with alcohol and cocaine use disorders, with elevated probability in early and personality disorders and elevated impulsivity. Furthermore, there were significant differences among classes in terms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition-Text Revision criteria for abuse and dependence: Class 3 showed more criteria for cocaine use disorders than other classes, while Class 1 and Class 4 showed more criteria for alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSION Cocaine- and alcohol-addicted patients who were grouped according to diagnosis of substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, and impulsivity show different clinical and sociodemographic variables. Whereas mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in alcohol-addicted patients, personality disorders are associated with cocaine use disorders and diagnosis of comorbid substance use disorders. Notably, increased impulsivity is a distinctive characteristic of patients with severe cocaine use disorder and comorbid personality disorders. Psychiatric disorders and impulsivity should be considered for improving the stratification of addicted patients with shared clinical and sociodemographic characteristics to select more appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernando Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigación I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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