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Begho T, Rui S. Exploring the impact of impulsivity and indulgent consumption on eating patterns of Chinese consumers. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:509-517. [PMID: 38899483 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2368840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about unhealthy eating habits and their impact on public health, underscoring the importance of research to understand its determinants and encourage healthy food habits. Using behavioural economic insights in researching dietary habit offer advantages beyond the scope of observational studies. Therefore, this paper examines impulsivity, self-indulgence, prudence and their associations with an individual's eating habits and body mass index (BMI). Data were collected from a sample of 487 Chinese participants. Most participants (88%) had good eating habits based on the Healthy Eating Assessment score. The findings of a logistic regression analysis investigating the determinants of individual dietary behaviour based on participants' self-rating of their overall dietary habits indicate that consumers who showed temporal impulsivity for favourite food tend to have poorer habits of eating healthy foods. The results of a multiple linear regression examining the factors that influence eating habits from a composite score of the Healthy Eating Assessment indicate that the score is better with temporal impulsivity for healthy food and poor with temporal impulsivity for unhealthy food. Further, the score decreases with impulsivity measured as low self-control. The control variables, age and gender, are also significant. The findings of a linear regression analysis exploring the determinants of BMI and their association with impulsivity, self-indulgence and prudence indicate that individuals with higher impulsivity measured as low self-control are mostly in the higher BMI category. These findings are important for designing and implementing public health initiatives to promote healthier dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toritseju Begho
- Rural Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sizhuo Rui
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Gendy MNS, Remers S, Samokhvalov AV, Sousa S, Rush B, Costello J, MacKillop J. Using Latent Profile Analysis to Characterize Clinical Heterogeneity and Impulsivity in a Large Residential Addiction Treatment Program. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39086209 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2352604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Clinical heterogeneity among patients in addiction treatment settings represents a challenge as most of the treatment programs are designed to treat substance use disorders (SUD) generally rather than offering more tailored approaches addressing individual patient needs. Systematic characterization of clinical heterogeneity may permit more individualized care paths toward improving outcomes. Methods: Data were collected from a large inpatient SUD treatment program between April 2018 and March 2020 (n = 1519). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to identify latent clusters based on differences in substance use and co-occurring depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: Five distinct profiles emerged: Profile 1 (38%) exhibited the lowest substance use and lowest psychiatric severity (Overall Low); Profile 2 (39%) exhibited high alcohol and psychiatric severity; Profile 3 (13%) exhibited high opioid severity and low psychiatric severity. Profile 4 (8%) exhibited high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, and profile 5 (3%) exhibited high polysubstance use other than alcohol and cannabis use. The latter two profiles were younger and exhibited higher self-regulatory deficits. The (High Alc/high psych) and the (High Cann/Psych) profiles exhibited differentially higher psychiatric severity. Profiles showing high polysubstance use, as well as high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, showed significantly higher impulsive behavior than the others. Conclusions: LPA revealed five clusters of patients varying substantially in terms of SUD and psychiatric severity. Addressing common features of clinical heterogeneity for tailored care paths in a personalized treatment approach may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N S Gendy
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
| | - Shannon Remers
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Inc., Guelph, Canada
| | - Andriy V Samokhvalov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Brian Rush
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean Costello
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Inc., Guelph, Canada
- Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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3
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Fisher-Fox L, Prestigiacomo CJ, Cyders MA. Urgency Theory in the context of broader emotion theories: a conceptual review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1403639. [PMID: 39035607 PMCID: PMC11257906 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative and positive urgency are two closely related personality traits that reflect the tendency for an individual to engage in maladaptive risk-taking in response to extreme negative and positive emotions, respectively. However, other prominent emotion theories describe how emotions contribute to adaptive, rather than maladaptive, decision-making. This conceptual review considers how Urgency Theory can be integrated with these broader existing emotion theories. We proceed as follows: a) briefly define what is meant by emotions in science and summarize basic human neuroscience underlying emotions; b) briefly describe select theories and research linking emotions to adaptive decision-making, including brain correlates of this effect; c) review Urgency Theory, including contrasting evidence that emotions lead to maladaptive outcomes and brain correlates of this effect; d) discuss how urgency can be integrated into theories that view emotions as both adaptive and maladaptive for decision-making; and e) propose future directions to advance research in this field. We identified four, not mutually exclusive, viable options to integrate Urgency Theory into existing theories: urgency as model-free emotion regulation, urgency as being driven by incidental emotions, urgency as a reflexive response to emotions, or urgency as an individual difference factor. We conclude that although all four options are viable, individual difference and model-free emotion regulation have the most empirical support to date. Importantly, the other two options are less well-researched. Direct tests comparing these integrations is necessary to determine the most accurate way to integrate urgency with existing emotion theories. We believe that this research can identify mechanisms underlying urgency and help inform future intervention and prevention development to reduce negative effects of urgency across numerous maladaptive behaviors and clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Wüllhorst V, Lützkendorf J, Endrass T. Validation of the German long and short versions of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. J Clin Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38822708 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale is a widely used self-report measure of impulsivity, but there is currently no validated German version that includes the Positive Urgency scale. METHODS We combined existing German translations of UPPS scales and included the Positive Urgency dimension to validate the UPPS-P in a sample of 399 participants. In addition, we developed a revised short version of the UPPS-P (SUPPS-P) with 20 items and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the structure in an independent validation sample with 349 participants. To determine evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, we used measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic alcohol and substance use. RESULTS CFA of the five factorial structure of the UPPS-P demonstrated acceptable fits and evidence of validity and reliability for the subscales. Psychometric characteristics of the SUPPS-P using the original item configuration were not satisfactory. As a result, we developed a revised German version of the SUPPS-P and confirmed the five-factor structure using a CFA in the validation sample. For the revised version, model fits and evidence of validity and internal consistencies were good. Associations with other constructs were as expected. For example, whereas Sensation Seeking was associated moderately with problematic alcohol use, lacking associations of Lack of Premeditation to internalizing symptoms showed evidence of discriminant validity. DISCUSSION The German translations of both UPPS-P and SUPPS-P are valid tools for measuring impulsive behaviors. They are well-suited for exploring the associations between different facets of impulsivity and psychopathological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wüllhorst
- Department of Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Lützkendorf
- Department of Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Department of Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Brunault P, Ingrand I, Solinas M, Dugast E, Pérault-Pochat MC, Ingrand P, Vanderkam P, Lafay-Chebassier C. Smokers with higher positive or negative urgency have lower rates of smoking cessation success 12 months after a quit attempt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12321. [PMID: 38811767 PMCID: PMC11137130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity dimensions have been shown to be associated with smoking status and tobacco use disorder severity. However, it is important to determine the specific impulsivity traits associated with smoking relapse. This study aimed at investigating the associations between impulsivity traits and smoking cessation success among adult smokers at 12 months after a quit attempt. Participants were 68 adult smokers enrolled in a 3-month course of simvastatine or placebo associated with behavioral cessation support, with a 9-month follow-up (ADDICSTATINE study). They were classified in 3 groups according to smoking status: abstinent, reduction ≥ 50%baseline or reduction < 50%baseline at 3 and 12 months. Impulsivity traits were assessed using the UPPS-P-scale. At 12 months, abstainers and participants who reduced smoking by 50% or more had significantly lower scores in negative and positive urgency compared to participants who reduced smoking by less than 50% (p = 0.011 and 0.0059). These urgency traits scores at 12 months were significantly and negatively correlated with smoking reduction at 12 months (p = 0.017 and 0.0012). These impulsivity traits were also associated with the smoking cessation success at 3 months. Patients who were abstinent at 3 months had also lower negative and positive urgency (p = 0.017 and 0.0039). Smoking cessation success at 3 and 12 months were not associated with the other impulsivity traits, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation or perseverance. Our findings suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with smoking cessation success. Proposing better tailored-based-treatment targeting these impulsivity traits in combination with conventional treatment may help improving smoking treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, QualiPsy, EE 1901, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marcello Solinas
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Pérault-Pochat
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Paul Vanderkam
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Lafay-Chebassier
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie - CS 90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Lewandowski ME, Delawalla CN, Butcher TJ, Oberlin BG. Changes in substance use, recovery, and quality of life during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300848. [PMID: 38776315 PMCID: PMC11111065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted lives on a massive scale. While the pandemic appeared to worsen mental health outcomes broadly, its effects on alcohol/substance use and recovery are unclear. Many studies convolved the sociopolitical unrest beginning in May 2020 with the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related changes in substance use, recovery involvement, and quality of life among US adults at two specified time periods that isolated pandemic effects from potentially confounding sociopolitical factors. OBJECTIVES We tested the following hypotheses: the pandemic and consequent policies (1) increased use of alcohol and illicit substances in active users; (2) increased use of alcohol/substances among people in early recovery; (3) reduced participation in recovery activities among those in early recovery, and that (4) use amount and use events correlated with impulsivity in both groups and that (5) substance use and abstinence correlated with resilience. METHODS We recruited 1,685 participants through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We assessed demographics, quality of life, alcohol/substance use, recovery activities, and measures of impulsivity and resilience at two time points, pre-pandemic and (early) during-pandemic. Only n = 45 (Active Users; males n = 32) and n = 34 (Recovery; males n = 20) passed data quality checks and were included in the primary analyses. RESULTS Among Active Users, weekly alcohol consumption and days spent using alcohol and illicit substances decreased during the pandemic. Resilience negatively correlated with pandemic-related substance use in early recovering participants. Significant reduction in the quality of life was coincident with a trend of lower recovery activity participation (31% decline) during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The reduced alcohol/substance use and participation in recovery activities might be expected from conditions that promote social isolation. The high prevalence of low-quality data from MTurk cautions for careful use of online data sourcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megayn E. Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Colette N. Delawalla
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tarah J. Butcher
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brandon G. Oberlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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7
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Teh WL, Si SY, Liu J, Subramaniam M, Ho R. The clinical significance of emotional urgency in bipolar disorder: a scoping review. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:273. [PMID: 38750587 PMCID: PMC11097479 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional urgency, defined as a trait concept of emotion-based impulsivity, is at least moderately associated with general psychopathology. However, its clinical significance and associations with clinically relevant features of bipolar disorder remain unclear. This scoping review aims address this gap by determining the extent of evidence in this niche scope of study. METHODS Evidence of between-group differences of positive and negative urgency, its associations with mood severity, and all peripheral associations related to illness and psychosocial outcomes were synthesized based on PRISMA checklists and guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). DESIGN Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2001 and January 2024. A total of 1013 entries were gathered, and a total of 10 articles were included in the final selection after the removal of duplicates and ineligible articles. RESULTS Differences in urgency scores between bipolar disorder and healthy controls were large (Cohen's d ranged from 1.77 to 2.20). Negative urgency was at least moderately associated with overall trauma, emotional abuse, neglect, suicide ideation, neuroticism, and irritable/cyclothymic temperament, whereas positive urgency was at least moderately associated with various aspects of aggression and quality of life. Positive but not negative urgency was associated with quality of life in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Large between-group differences found for emotional urgency in bipolar disorder imply large clinical significance. Emotional urgency was associated with worse clinical features and outcomes. Given the high clinical heterogeneity of the disorder, emotional urgency may be an important phenotype indicative of greater disorder severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin Teh
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore, S539747, Singapore.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, S119077, Singapore.
| | - Sheng Yeow Si
- MOH Holdings, 1 Maritime Square, #11-25, Singapore, S099253, Singapore
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore, S539747, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore, S539747, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, S119077, Singapore
- Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, #14-01 MD6, Singapore, S117599, Singapore
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Juchem CM, Bendau A, Bandurski LC, Reich NJ, Baumgardt S, Asselmann E. Personality changes related to presence and treatment of substance use (disorders): a systematic review. Psychol Med 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38644674 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172400093x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Heavy substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD) have complex etiologies and often severe consequences. Certain personality traits have been associated with an increased risk for SU(D), but far less is known about personality changes related to SU(D). This review aims to synthesize the existing literature on this research question. A systematic literature search was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in PubMed, EbscoHost, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed original papers on SU(D)-related personality changes were included. Of 55 included studies, 38 were observational population-based studies and 17 were intervention studies. Overall, personality and SU measures, samples, study designs, and statistical approaches were highly heterogenous. In observational studies, higher SU was most consistently related to increases in impulsivity-related traits and (less so) neuroticism, while interventions in the context of SU(D) were mostly associated with increases in conscientiousness and self-efficacy and lasting decreases in neuroticism. Findings for traits related to extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were mixed and depended on SU measure and age. Studies on bidirectional associations suggest that personality and SU(D) both influence each other over time. Due to their strong association with SU(D), impulsivity-related traits may be important target points for interventions. Future work may investigate the mechanisms underlying personality changes related to SU(D), distinguishing substance-specific effects from general SU(D)-related processes like withdrawal, craving, and loss of control. Furthermore, more research is needed to examine whether SU(D)-related personality changes vary by developmental stage and clinical features (e.g. initial use, onset, remission, and relapse).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Juchem
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antonia Bendau
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie C Bandurski
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nico J Reich
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saskia Baumgardt
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eva Asselmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Machado YDC, Oliveira M, Lima JLF, Bhargav H, Varambally S, de Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA. Effects of yoga on impulsivity in patients with and without mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:267. [PMID: 38594701 PMCID: PMC11003078 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga can be used as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Sustained practice of yoga can generate a series of benefits for individuals' quality of life and improve their physical fitness. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential effects of yoga as an adjunct intervention in conditions involving impulse control issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders. METHODS We performed a systematic review of placebo-controlled, randomized trials of yoga in patients with impulsivity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for trials published up to January, 2023. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. RESULTS Out of 277 database results, 6 RCT were included in this systematic review. To assess the level of attention and impulsiveness, the following scales were analyzed: Barratt Impulsiveness, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale, Conners' Continuous Performance Test IIª and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long. CONCLUSIONS Yoga didn't have a significant improvement in impulsivity when compared to placebo. There are many tools to assess impulsivity, but they mean different concepts and domains consisting in a weakness on comparison of yoga effects. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023389088.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Reunida, Redenção, Brazil
| | | | - Hemant Bhargav
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Runyan JD, Vermilya S, St Pierre M, Brooks NW, Fowler A, Brewer T. A mixed methods experience sampling study of a posttraumatic growth model for addiction recovery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3511. [PMID: 38383566 PMCID: PMC10881473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Problematic substance use and addiction is a growing crisis in the United States. As a result, identifying factors that effectively promote addiction recovery is, currently, of particular societal importance. Informed by evidence that-while addiction can be perpetuated by stress-related impulsivity and decreased self-regulation-perceived social support is protective against addiction, we test a model for addiction recovery as a form of posttraumatic growth (PTG), focused specifically on close relationships and personal strength-two domains of PTG. In an initial study, we found that perceived social support and impulsivity predicted number of relapses in individuals in a substance use disorder recovery program. Using experience sampling, we then observed that experiencing a stressful event predicted impulsive behavior. However, experiencing closeness with others-a domain of PTG-was directly associated with perceived social support, and both predicted positive emotional states, which were, in turn, inversely associated with experiencing a stressful event. Further, when experiencing a stressful event, personal strength-also a domain of PTG-was inversely associated with impulsive behavior and was predicted by both perceived social support and positive emotional states. Finally, in a follow-up experiment, we found that an ecological momentary intervention targeting perceived social support decreased impulsivity and increased self-regulation-an aspect of personal strength-in a dose-dependent fashion. Taken together, our findings: (1) support a PTG model for recovery; (2) provide evidence for processes by which close supportive relationships are protective against addiction and relapse; and (3) indicate that self-regulation is responsive to a short in-the-moment perceived social support intervention. We suggest that these findings support the theory that addiction is a social disease in the sense that close personal interactions and supportive relationships: (a) buffer against stress-related impulsivity, thereby protecting against addiction and relapse; and (b) increase personal strength, thereby decreasing the probability of impulsive-including addictive-behavior and promoting recovery.
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11
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Mattingley S, Youssef GJ, Graeme L, Sloan E, Manning V, Hall K. Negative urgency, distress tolerance, and symptoms of substance use, eating, and borderline personality disorders in treatment-seeking young people. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:261-278. [PMID: 37597248 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative urgency (NU) and distress tolerance (DT) are two similar yet distinct constructs with putative transdiagnostic relevance, particularly across psychopathology characterized by impulsivity (e.g., substance use disorders [SUD], eating disorders featuring binging and/or purging ED-B/P, and borderline personality disorder [BPD]). Yet, there remains a lack of research into NU and DT across SUD, ED-B/P, and BPD symptomatology in clinical populations. The present study sought to elucidate the transdiagnostic utility of NU and DT across impulsive-type psychology by examining the unique and interactive roles of NU and DT across SUD, ED-B/P, and BPD symptomatology within a treatment-seeking sample of young people. METHOD Participants (N = 385; 62.3% female; aged 16-25 years) were recruited from youth health services across Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed an online survey including self-report measures of NU and DT as well as SUD, ED-B/P, and BPD symptoms. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to explore unique and interactive associations of NU and DT with symptoms. RESULTS Both NU (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj ] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.16, 1.28]) and global DT (ORadj = 0.59; 95% CI = [0.47, 0.74]) uniquely predicted symptoms. However, associations with global DT and most of its components differed across psychopathology types. No significant interactions between NU and DT in predicting symptoms were found. CONCLUSIONS These results support the transdiagnostic utility of NU across SUD, ED-B/P, and BPD, while suggesting the role of DT across these disorders is more nuanced. These findings have important implications for NU and DT as potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mattingley
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Drug Use, Addictive and Antisocial Behavior Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liam Graeme
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise Sloan
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Monash Addiction Research Centre (MARC), Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Drug Use, Addictive and Antisocial Behavior Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Basting EJ, Medenblik AM, Switalska K, Garner AR, Shorey RC, Stuart GL. Impulsivity Dimensions Predict Treatment Dropout Among Women in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorders. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241245827. [PMID: 38628873 PMCID: PMC11020744 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241245827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) is effective at reducing substance use, dependence, and other related problems. However, dropout from treatment against medical advice (AMA) is common in residential treatment settings. Studies have shown that impulsivity is associated with substance misuse and treatment dropout in predominately male samples, but less is known regarding whether impulsivity dimensions predict treatment dropout among women. This study examined impulsivity dimensions (ie, negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking) as predictors of dropout AMA among women in a residential substance use treatment facility (N = 229). Logistic regression results demonstrated that elevations in lack of perseverance and sensation seeking were associated with an increased odds of treatment dropout AMA and that lack of premeditation was associated with a decreased odds of treatment dropout AMA. Study findings suggest that early evidence-based interventions for sensation seeking and lack of perseverance may improve retention of women in residential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Basting
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alisa R Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan C Shorey
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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13
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Teh WL, Liu J, Chandwani N, Lee YW, Tor PC, Subramaniam M, Ho RC. Emotional urgency predicts bipolar symptoms, severity, and suicide attempt better than non-emotional impulsivity: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1277655. [PMID: 38106393 PMCID: PMC10722176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotional urgency is an emotion-based subdimension of trait impulsivity that is more clinically relevant to psychopathology and disorders of emotion dysfunction than non-emotional subdimensions (i.e., lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation). However, few studies have examined the relative effects of emotional urgency in bipolar disorder. This cross-sectional study aimed to establish the clinical relevance of emotional urgency in bipolar disorders by (1) explicating clinically relevant correlates of emotional urgency and (2) comparing its effects against non-emotional impulsivity subdimensions. Methods and results A total of 150 individuals with bipolar disorder were recruited between October 2021 and January 2023. Zero-order correlations found that emotional urgency had the greatest effect on bipolar symptoms (r = 0.37 to 0.44). Multiple two-step hierarchical regression models showed that (1) positive urgency predicted past manic symptomology and dysfunction severity (b = 1.94, p < 0.001 and 0.35 p < 0.05, respectively), (2) negative urgency predicted current depression severity, and (3) non-emotional facets of impulsivity had smaller effects on bipolar symptoms and dysfunction by contrast, and were non-significant factors in the final step of all regression models (b < 0.30, ns); Those who had a history of attempted suicide had significantly greater levels of emotional urgency (Cohen's d = -0.63). Discussion Notwithstanding the study's limitations, our findings expand status quo knowledge beyond the perennial relationship between non-emotion-based impulsivity and bipolar disorder and its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin Teh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yu Wei Lee
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Roger C. Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Cooke JT, Schmidt AT, Garos S, Littlefield AK. The Relations Between an Inventory-Based Measure of Executive Function and Impulsivity Factors in Alcohol- and Cannabis-Relevant Outcomes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1068-1081. [PMID: 37001549 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the lack of relation between performance- and inventory-based executive function (EF) measures is well documented, there remains ambiguity between self-report EFs and closely related constructs (e.g., impulsivity) assessed via the same method. The degree of convergence between purported EF measures with similar yet distinct constructs contain important theoretical implications for available EF assessment strategies and their construct validity. A newer measure of EF, the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Functions-Adult (BRIEF-A), allows for more direct comparisons to self-reported measures of impulsivity, such as the commonly used Urgency, Planning, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking-Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) assessment. METHOD The present study used factor analysis and hierarchical regression to explore the associations between the BRIEF-A and UPPS-P, using alcohol and cannabis consumption across various outcomes (i.e., quantity-frequency and consequences) as an external criterion. Participants were 339 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.35; Female = 63%) from a large southwestern university. RESULTS The BRIEF-A and UPPS-P demonstrated strong correlations at both higher- and lower order facets. While the BRIEF-A was a significant correlate to many substance use outcomes, these relations were generally weaker than those seen with the UPPS-P. Hierarchical regression suggested limited contributions of the BRIEF-A over and above the UPPS-P. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggested substantial overlap between impulsigenic factors and EFs when measured by self-report, and limited utility of EF measures to account for unique variance with substance use outcomes in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Cooke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Sheila Garos
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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15
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Kempeneers P, Mreyen K, Pallincourt R, Remacle F, Wildemeersch G, Simon J. Validation of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Clinical Correlates of its Scores in French-Speaking Patients Starting a Residential Detoxification Program. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:503-510. [PMID: 37772148 PMCID: PMC10523520 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231157411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays a prominent role in substance use disorder (SUD). The UPPS-P model distinguishes five impulsivity components (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking). This study aimed to explore the structure of the UPPS-P in patients hospitalized for SUDs and to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of impulsivity and clinical variables. Method Inpatients of a residential detoxification service (n = 125) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and associations were assessed between the components of impulsivity and clinical indexes. Results The factor analysis supported a model of impulsivity with five interrelated latent variables. Good internal consistency was found. External validity was supported by relationships with psychological difficulties. Multiple correlations (Kendall) suggested that, except for its sensation-seeking component, impulsivity is a significant risk factor for both the severity of addictive problems and their comorbidities. Conclusion This study provides further evidence in favor of the 5-dimensional model of impulsivity. It highlights impulsivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor that should be considered in the management of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Kempeneers
- Alexians’ Psychiatric Hospital (CPFA),
68 rue du Château de Ruyff, 4841 Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of
Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), University of Liège, Quartier Agora, 2 Place des
Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kristina Mreyen
- Psychology and Neuroscience of
Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), University of Liège, Quartier Agora, 2 Place des
Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Romain Pallincourt
- Alexians’ Psychiatric Hospital (CPFA),
68 rue du Château de Ruyff, 4841 Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
| | - Florine Remacle
- Alexians’ Psychiatric Hospital (CPFA),
68 rue du Château de Ruyff, 4841 Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of
Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), University of Liège, Quartier Agora, 2 Place des
Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Wildemeersch
- Alexians’ Psychiatric Hospital (CPFA),
68 rue du Château de Ruyff, 4841 Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
| | - Jessica Simon
- Psychology and Neuroscience of
Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), University of Liège, Quartier Agora, 2 Place des
Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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16
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Abed M, Mansureh HH, Masoud GAL, Elaheh H, Mohammad-Hossein NHK, Yamin BD, Abdol-Hossein V. Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation ( MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1223-1251. [PMID: 36843348 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present research was to make a Meta-Thinking educational program based on mental-brain simulation and to evaluate its effectiveness on executive functions, emotion regulation and impulsivity in children with ADHD. METHODS The research method was Embedded Design: Embedded Experimental Model. The research sample included 32 children with ADHD who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention was implemented for eight sessions of 1.5 hr for the experimental group, and fMRI images were taken from them, while the control group didn't receive any treatment. Finally, using semi-structured interviews, coherent information was collected from the parents of the experimental group about the changes made. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24, MAXQDA, fMRIprep, and FSL software. RESULTS The Meta-Thinking Educational Program had effect on performance of ADHD children and suppressed brain regions related to DMN. CONCLUSION The Implementation of this educational program plays a vital role in improving psychological problems of children with ADHD.
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17
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Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Bruni A, Terragni R, Maria Elena G, Borgia E, Begarani M, Ogliari A. The Initial Efficacy of Stand-Alone DBT Skills Training for Treating Impulsivity Among Individuals With Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders. Behav Ther 2023; 54:809-822. [PMID: 37597959 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is considered a core feature of substance use disorders (SUDs), including personological (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation) and neuropsychological (i.e., cognitive and motor disinhibition, impulsive choice) dimensions. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) as a stand-alone treatment is an effective intervention for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other SUDs. However, there are no studies that have investigated changes in impulsivity levels during a DBT-ST program, especially testing the therapeutic effects of DBT skills. Twenty-nine patients with AUD and other SUDs were admitted to a 3-month DBT-ST program. Self-report (i.e., UPPS-P) and computerized neuropsychological (i.e., Attentional Network test; Go/No-Go task; Iowa Gambling Task) measures of impulsivity were administered at the beginning and end of the DBT-ST. Distress tolerance (DTS), mindfulness (MAAS, FFMQ) and emotion regulation (DERS) were also assessed pre- and post-intervention. The study included two age- and gender-matched control groups: (a) untreated patients with SUDs (N = 29); (b) healthy controls (HCs) (N = 29). Twenty-four (82.7%) patients concluded the DBT-ST program. Emotion-based forms of impulsivity significantly improved during the program. At the end of treatment, impulsivity levels were significantly lower than those of untreated patients with SUDs and they were not significantly different from HCs. Cognitive disinhibition significantly decreased during the treatment. The improvement in impulsivity was explained by pre- posttreatment changes in distress tolerance, mindfulness and emotion regulation. Motor disinhibition did not improve during the treatment. These findings supported the initial efficacy of the DBT-ST program for addressing different features of impulsivity among individuals with AUD and other SUDs. Future follow-up studies should demonstrate the role of impulsivity domains in long-term relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Ogliari
- Child in Mind Lab, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
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18
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Loya JM, Benitez B, Kiluk BD. The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Impulsivity in Addictive Disorders: a Narrative Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:485-493. [PMID: 38269068 PMCID: PMC10805411 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Impulsivity is considered an important construct in the cycle of addiction, yet the effect of evidence-based treatments on impulsivity is unclear. The goal of this paper was to review the evidence regarding the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most studied psychotherapies for addiction, on measures of impulsivity in addictive disorders. Recent Findings There is a robust literature implicating impulsivity as risk factor for development of a range of addictions and poorer treatment outcomes. However, this review identified only four randomized controlled trials evaluating CBT for an addictive behavior that included repeated assessment of impulsivity. All four were studies targeting substance use. Summary There is limited evidence that CBT has a direct effect on change in measures of impulsivity among individuals being treated for substance use. Future clinical trials should include repeated measurement of impulsivity to examine CBT's effect on the underlying characteristics of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bryan Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brian D. Kiluk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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19
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Boswell RG, Gueorguieva R, Grilo CM. Change in impulsivity is prospectively associated with treatment outcomes for binge-eating disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2789-2797. [PMID: 34812713 PMCID: PMC9124732 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172100475x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity may be a process underlying binge-eating disorder (BED) psychopathology and its treatment. This study examined change in impulsivity during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacological treatment for BED and associations with treatment outcomes. METHODS In total, 108 patients with BED (NFEMALE = 84) in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of CBT and/or fluoxetine were assessed before treatment, monthly throughout treatment, at post-treatment (16 weeks), and at 12-month follow-up after completing treatment. Patients completed established measures of impulsivity, eating-disorder psychopathology, and depression, and were measured for height and weight [to calculate body mass index (BMI)] during repeated assessments by trained/monitored doctoral research-clinicians. Mixed-effects models using all available data examined changes in impulsivity and the association of rapid and overall changes in impulsivity on treatment outcomes. Exploratory analyses examined whether baseline impulsivity predicted/moderated outcomes. RESULTS Impulsivity declined significantly throughout treatment and follow-up across treatment groups. Rapid change in impulsivity and overall change in impulsivity during treatment were significantly associated with reductions in eating-disorder psychopathology, depression scores, and BMI during treatment and at post-treatment. Overall change in impulsivity during treatment was associated with subsequent reductions in depression scores at 12-month follow-up. Baseline impulsivity did not moderate/predict eating-disorder outcomes or BMI but did predict change in depression scores. CONCLUSIONS Rapid and overall reductions in impulsivity during treatment were associated with improvements in specific eating-disorder psychopathology and associated general outcomes. These effects were found for both CBT and pharmacological treatment for BED. Change in impulsivity may be an important process prospectively related to treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Boswell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Princeton Center for Eating Disorders, Penn Medicine, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Dugré JR, Potvin S. Neural bases of frustration-aggression theory: A multi-domain meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:64-76. [PMID: 36924847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early evidence suggests that unexpected non-reward may increase the risk for aggressive behaviors. Despite the growing interest in understanding brain functions that may be implicated in aggressive behaviors, the neural processes underlying such frustrative events remain largely unknown. Furthermore, meta-analytic results have produced discrepant results, potentially due to substantial differences in the definition of anger/aggression constructs. METHODS Therefore, we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis, using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm, on neuroimaging studies examining reward omission and retaliatory behaviors in healthy subjects. Conjunction analyses were further examined to discover overlapping brain activations across these meta-analytic maps. RESULTS Frustrative non-reward deactivated the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum and posterior cingulate cortex, whereas increased activations were observed in midcingulo-insular regions. Retaliatory behaviors recruited the left fronto-insular and anterior midcingulate cortices, the dorsal caudate and the primary somatosensory cortex. Conjunction analyses revealed that both strongly activated midcingulo-insular regions. LIMITATIONS Spatial overlap between neural correlates of frustration and retaliatory behaviors was conducted using a conjunction analysis. Therefore, neurobiological markers underlying the temporal sequence of the frustration-aggression theory should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Nonetheless, our results underscore the role of anterior midcingulate/pre-supplementary motor area and fronto-insular cortex in both frustration and retaliatory behaviors. A neurobiological framework for understanding frustration-based impulsive aggression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
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21
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Giustiniani J, Rothen S, Penzenstadler L, Colombo L, Calzada G, Thorens G, Zullino D. Does slow release oral morphine have impact on craving and impulsivity in heroin dependent individuals? Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:16-22. [PMID: 35833289 PMCID: PMC9722371 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Craving and impulsivity are addiction components which explain why heroin-dependant individuals (HDI), continue using heroin despite not wanting to do so. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), such as slow-release oral morphine (SROM), is the most effective treatment for opioid dependence. However, the impact of SROM on craving and impulsivity remains unclear. In this observational study, 23 HDI receiving SROM, their usual OMT, took part in the experiment. Each of the participants filled in the perceived level of craving with a visual analog scale. Their impulsivity was assessed via three laboratory tasks, the stop-signal reaction time, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and delay discounting. Each evaluation was performed before and after SROM administration. Craving was significantly reduced after administration of SROM (difference 2.83; P = 0.0010), whereas there were no significant differences in performance in the three laboratory tasks. In the long term, we observed an improvement on delay discounting correlated with the duration and dosage of SROM. The acute impact of SROM appears to significantly reduce craving, without impacting impulsivity. Observation of the correlation between delay discounting and the duration and dosage of OMT is of great interest and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Giustiniani
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
| | - Stéphane Rothen
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
- Research Center for Statistics, University of Geneva, Geneva School of Management and Economics
| | - Louise Penzenstadler
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
| | - Laura Colombo
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
| | - Gérard Calzada
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Thorens
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Addictology Division, Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Pautrat M, Le Guen A, Barrault S, Ribadier A, Ballon N, Lebeau JP, Brunault P. Impulsivity as a Risk Factor for Addictive Disorder Severity during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Results from a Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:705. [PMID: 36613025 PMCID: PMC9819473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual differences in personality traits, especially impulsivity traits, are robust risk factors for addictive disorders. However, their impact on addictive disorders during the COVID-19 lockdown remains unknown. This study assessed patients being followed for addictive disorders before the lockdown. We aimed to determine whether impulsivity traits (i.e., negative- and positive urgency) were associated with addictive disorders severity during the lockdowns. We also explored the patients' subjective experiences, focusing on high versus low impulsivity. The quantitative study assessed 44 outpatients consulting for addictive disorders, for impulsivity, emotion regulation, anxiety/depression, and their addictive disorder characteristics, using self-administered questionnaires. In the qualitative study, six patients from the quantitative study were assessed using guided interviews. We observed that higher negative and positive urgencies were associated with addictive disorder severity. The subjective experiences of patients during the lockdowns differed according to their emotion-related impulsivity: high versus low. Low impulsive patients used online technologies more effectively to maintain follow-up, with more positive reappraisal. In contrast, highly impulsive patients reverted more frequently to self-medication with substances and/or behaviors, more social isolation, and found coping with negative emotions more challenging. Overall, the patient's ability to cope with stressful events, like the COVID-19 lockdown, depended on their emotion-related impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pautrat
- EA7505 Education Ethique Santé, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Department of General Practice, Tours Regional University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Antoine Le Guen
- EA7505 Education Ethique Santé, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Servane Barrault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
- CHRU (Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire) de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, CSAPA-37, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Aurélien Ribadier
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lebeau
- EA7505 Education Ethique Santé, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Department of General Practice, Tours Regional University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Paul Brunault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, 37000 Tours, France
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23
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Borg D, Hall K, Youssef GJ, Sloan E, Graeme L, Moulding R. Examining the role of brooding, distress, and negative urgency in dysregulated behaviors: A cross-sectional study in treatment-seeking young people. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2538-2563. [PMID: 35506609 PMCID: PMC9790647 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulated behaviors including substance use, disordered eating, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have significant negative implications for individuals and health systems. It is therefore paramount to understand factors influencing behavioral dysregulation, to inform prevention and treatment approaches. The literature suggests that distress and rumination (brooding) prompt individuals to engage in behavioral dysregulation for distraction (Emotional Cascade Model), although these concepts have limited investigation in clinical, treatment-seeking samples, particularly alongside negative urgency. This cross-sectional study sought to examine the relationships of brooding, distress, and negative urgency with behavioral dysregulation, as well as the moderating effect of negative urgency between brooding and behavioral dysregulation, in treatment-seeking young people. METHOD A total of 385 treatment-seeking young people completed cross-sectional, self-report measures of distress, rumination, negative urgency, and engagement in dysregulated behaviors (NSSI, alcohol use, drug use, binge eating, and purging) over the past 1-3 months. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that only negative urgency, and not brooding or distress, had a significant positive relationship with behavioral dysregulation. Negative urgency did not significantly moderate the relationship between brooding and behavioral dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the importance of considering negative urgency in the conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of behavioral dysregulation, and contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between brooding and various dysregulated behaviors within a treatment-seeking sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Borg
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - George J. Youssef
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Center for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elise Sloan
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Liam Graeme
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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Testa G, Granero R, Misiolek A, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Mallorqui-Bagué N, Lozano-Madrid M, Heras MVDL, Sánchez I, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Impact of Impulsivity and Therapy Response in Eating Disorders from a Neurophysiological, Personality and Cognitive Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235011. [PMID: 36501041 PMCID: PMC9738347 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity, as a multidimensional construct, has been linked to eating disorders (EDs) and may negatively impact treatment response. The study aimed to identify the dimensions of impulsivity predicting poor remission of ED symptoms. A total of 37 ED patients underwent a baseline assessment of impulsive personality traits and inhibitory control, including the Stroop task and the emotional go/no-go task with event-related potentials (ERPs) analysis. The remission of EDs symptomatology was evaluated after 3 months of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and at a 2-year follow-up. Poor remission after CBT was predicted by poor inhibitory control, as measured by the Stroop task. At 2 years, the risk of poor remission was higher in patients with higher novelty seeking, lower inhibitory control in the Stroop and in ERPs indices (N2 amplitudes) during the emotional go/no-go task. The present results highlight inhibitory control negatively impacting both short- and long-term symptomatology remission in ED patients. On the other hand, high novelty seeking and ERPs indices of poor inhibition seem to be more specifically related to long-term remission. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the impulsivity dimension in patients with ED is recommended to tailor treatments and improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Testa
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 La Rioja, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (F.F.-A.); Tel.: +34-604-377-326 (G.T.); +34-932-607-227 (F.F.-A.)
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Misiolek
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorqui-Bagué
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Lozano-Madrid
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Sánchez
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (F.F.-A.); Tel.: +34-604-377-326 (G.T.); +34-932-607-227 (F.F.-A.)
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Hesse M, del Palacio-Gonzalez A, Thylstrup B. Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling versus treatment as usual to reduce offending in people with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorder: a post hoc analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:392. [PMID: 35689188 PMCID: PMC9188147 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a short psychoeducation intervention for antisocial personality disorder on offending after randomization to treatment. DESIGN Multicentre, superiority, non-blinded randomized controlled trial. Random assignment was conducted in blocks of varying sizes at a central randomization centre. Participants were followed using national register data until 365 days after randomization, migration, or death, whichever occurred first. SETTING Thirteen outpatient uptake areas in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS Patients with antisocial personality disorder in treatment for substance use disorders were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU, n = 80) or Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling (ILC, n = 96). A total of 165 patients could be linked to criminal records (TAU, n = 74; ILC, n = 91). INTERVENTION ILC is a brief psychoeducational program targeting antisocial behavior. The trial was conducted between January 2012 and June 2014. OUTCOMES Number of criminal offences leading to convictions based on national registers. RESULTS The mean number of offences was 2.76 in the TAU group (95% Poisson confidence interval [CI] = 2.39, 3.16) and 1.87 in the ILC group (95% CI = 0.97, 1.43). Negative binomial regression was used to assess total number of convictions, as well as convictions for violent, property, driving under the influence, and drug-related crimes. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, random assignment to ILC was associated with a lower number of total offences (incidence rate risk ratio [IRR] = 0.43, p = .013; adjusted IRR = 0.45, p < .001) and convictions related to violence (IRR = 0.19, p = .001 adjusted IRR = 0.19, p = .007) and property offences (unadjusted IRR = 0.30, p = 0.003, adjusted IRR = 0.42, p = 0.010). Differences between conditions were not significant for driving under the influence (unadjusted IRR = 0.49, p = .370; adjusted IRR = 0.53, p = .417) or drug offences (unadjusted IRR = 1.06, p = .907; adjusted IRR = 0.55, p = .223). CONCLUSIONS The ILC program shows promise in reducing offending behavior in people with comorbid substance use and antisocial personality disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN67266318 , 15/10/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Adriana del Palacio-Gonzalez
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Thylstrup
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Strickland JC, Stoops WW, Banks ML, Gipson CD. Logical fallacies and misinterpretations that hinder progress in translational addiction neuroscience. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:384-403. [PMID: 35362559 PMCID: PMC9090969 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are heterogeneous and complex, making the development of translationally predictive rodent and nonhuman primate models to uncover their neurobehavioral underpinnings difficult. Neuroscience-focused outcomes have become highly prevalent, and with this, the notion that SUDs are disorders of the brain embraced as a dominant theoretical orientation to understand SUD etiology and treatment. These efforts, however, have led to few efficacious pharmacotherapies, and in some cases (as with cocaine or methamphetamine), no pharmacotherapies have translated from preclinical models for clinical use. In this theoretical commentary, we first describe the development of animal models of substance use behaviors from a historical perspective. We then define and discuss three logical fallacies including 1) circular explanation, 2) affirming the consequent, and 3) reification that can apply to developed models. We then provide three case examples in which conceptual or logical issues exist in common methods (i.e., behavioral economic demand, escalation, and reinstatement). Alternative strategies to refocus behavioral models are suggested for the field to better bridge the translational divide between animal models, the clinical condition of SUDs, and current and future regulatory pathways for intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Matthew L. Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Differentiating Individuals with and without Alcohol Use Disorder Using Resting-State fMRI Functional Connectivity of Reward Network, Neuropsychological Performance, and Impulsivity Measures. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12050128. [PMID: 35621425 PMCID: PMC9137599 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may manifest an array of neural and behavioral abnormalities, including altered brain networks, impaired neurocognitive functioning, and heightened impulsivity. Using multidomain measures, the current study aimed to identify specific features that can differentiate individuals with AUD from healthy controls (CTL), utilizing a random forests (RF) classification model. Features included fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) across the reward network, neuropsychological task performance, and behavioral impulsivity scores, collected from thirty abstinent adult males with prior history of AUD and thirty CTL individuals without a history of AUD. It was found that the RF model achieved a classification accuracy of 86.67% (AUC = 93%) and identified key features of FC and impulsivity that significantly contributed to classifying AUD from CTL individuals. Impulsivity scores were the topmost predictors, followed by twelve rsFC features involving seventeen key reward regions in the brain, such as the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and other cortical and subcortical structures. Individuals with AUD manifested significant differences in impulsivity and alterations in functional connectivity relative to controls. Specifically, AUD showed heightened impulsivity and hypoconnectivity in nine connections across 13 regions and hyperconnectivity in three connections involving six regions. Relative to controls, visuo-spatial short-term working memory was also found to be impaired in AUD. In conclusion, specific multidomain features of brain connectivity, impulsivity, and neuropsychological performance can be used in a machine learning framework to effectively classify AUD individuals from healthy controls.
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28
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Reichl D, Enewoldsen N, Weisel KK, Fuhrmann L, Lang C, Saur S, Berking M, Zink M, Ahnert A, Falkai P, Kraus T, Hillemacher T, Müller FN, Kornhuber J, Bönsch D, Kerkemeyer L, Steins-Loeber S. Association of impulsivity with quality of life and well-being after alcohol withdrawal treatment. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1451-1462. [PMID: 35045188 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impulsivity is related to a higher risk of relapse in alcohol use disorders. However, besides drinking behavior, other recovery outcomes like physical and mental health-related quality of life are at least as important. The present study aimed to fill a research gap regarding the association of different impulsivity facets with health-related quality of life and well-being in alcohol use disorder. METHODS Individuals with a primary alcohol use disorder diagnosis (n = 167) were interviewed with standardized self-report measures at the progressed stage of their withdrawal treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. Multiple regression models were calculated to examine the association of impulsivity, craving, and drinking patterns with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal treatment, as well as the predictive role of impulsivity assessed during withdrawal for these two outcomes. RESULTS Craving was associated with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Likewise, non-planning and attentional impulsivity were associated with well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Motor impulsivity during withdrawal treatment predicted health-related quality of life 6 weeks thereafter. CONCLUSION Impulsivity seems to be negatively related to health-related quality of life and well-being in the first weeks after alcohol withdrawal treatment, probably to a higher extent than drinking patterns, but differentiating between its facets seems to be important. These findings emphasize the importance of treatment approaches aiming at reduced impulsivity in the early recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Kiona K Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Catharina Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Saur
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahnert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU-Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Frankenalb-Klinik Engelthal, Engelthal, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Felix-N Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Bezirkskrankenhaus Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Linda Kerkemeyer
- Institute for Applied Health Services Research (inav), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
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Impulsivity and Stressful Life Events Independently Relate to Problematic Substance Use in At-Risk Adolescents. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Minhas M, Cooper A, Sousa S, Costello MJ, MacKillop J. Characterizing Clinical Heterogeneity in a Large Inpatient Addiction Treatment Sample: Confirmatory Latent Profile Analysis and Differential Levels of Craving and Impulsivity. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 16:11782218221126977. [DOI: 10.1177/11782218221126977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have highly heterogeneous presentations and identifying more homogeneous subgroups may foster more personalized treatment. This study used SUD and other psychiatric indicators to characterize latent subgroups of patients in a large inpatient addiction treatment program. The resulting subgroups were then analyzed with respect to differences on clinically informative motivational mechanisms. Methods: Patients (n = 803) were assessed for severity of SUD (ie, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder), post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder. Confirmatory latent profile analysis (CLPA) was used to identify latent subgroups, hypothesizing 4 subgroups. Subgroups were then characterized with respect to multiple indicators of impulsivity (ie, delay discounting and impulsive personality traits via the UPPS-P) and craving. Results: The CLPA confirmed the hypothesized 4-profile solution according to all indicators (eg, entropy = 0.90, all posterior probabilities ⩾.92). Profile 1 (n = 229 [32.2%], 24.9% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and low psychiatric severity (HAlc/LPsy). Profile 2 (n = 193 [27.1%], 29.3% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug and psychiatric severity (HDrug/HPsy). Profile 3 (n = 160 [22.5%], 37.6% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and psychiatric severity (HAlc/HPsy). Profile 4 (n = 130 [18.3%], 19.4% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug severity and low psychiatric severity (HDrug/LPsy). Both high comorbid psychiatric severity subgroups exhibited significantly higher craving and facets of impulsivity. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence of 4 latent subgroups among inpatients receiving addiction treatment, varying by alcohol versus other drugs and low versus high psychiatric comorbidity. Furthermore, they reveal the highest craving and impulsivity in the high psychiatric comorbidity groups, suggesting targets for more intensive clinical intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Sousa
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
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31
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Shell AL, Oglesby LT, Um M, Stewart JC, Cyders MA. Negative urgency and central adiposity in a community sample: Moderated mediation by depressive symptoms and eating behaviors. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101576. [PMID: 34689078 PMCID: PMC8629961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative urgency - acting rashly in response to negative emotions - is a risk factor for central adiposity. We examine whether the relationship between negative urgency and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is mediated by eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, and cognitive restraint) and moderated by depressive symptom severity, factors that could be targeted to reduce risk associated with negative urgency. Using baseline data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (N = 872; mean age = 42.4 years, SD = 15.3; 65% female; 27% non-White; mean body mass index = 27.9 kg/m2, SD = 5.9), we conducted a series of mediation and moderated mediation analyses controlling for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Overall, there was a positive association between negative urgency and WHtR. Emotional eating (ab = 0.02, SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.02, 0.03]) and uncontrolled eating (ab = 0.008, SE = 0.002, 95% CI [0.004, 0.01]) were partial mediators of the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, while cognitive restraint was not. In a parallel mediation model, emotional eating remained significant, while uncontrolled eating did not. Depressive symptom severity moderated the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating (bint = -0.08, p < .001) but not the direct effect of negative urgency on WHtR. Our results indicate that emotional eating is a viable potential mechanism explaining the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, and the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating becomes stronger as depressive symptom severity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L. Shell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Larissa T. Oglesby
- Indiana University-Purdue University Post-Baccaleureate Research Education Program
| | - Miji Um
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Jesse C. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
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32
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Peckham AD, Sandler JP, Dattolico D, McHugh RK, Johnson DS, Björgvinsson T, Pizzagalli DA, Beard C. Cognitive control training for urgency: A pilot randomized controlled trial in an acute clinical sample. Behav Res Ther 2021; 146:103968. [PMID: 34562728 PMCID: PMC8555999 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Urgency - rash action in the context of strong emotion - is a facet of impulsivity closely related to many psychological disorders. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition are potential mechanisms underlying urgency, and a previous study showed that cognitive training targeting these domains is efficacious in reducing urgency. However, the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention has not yet been tested in a clinical sample or naturalistic treatment setting. To fill this gap, we conducted a pilot study of cognitive training for individuals reporting high levels of urgency in a partial hospitalization program. We evaluated this intervention in an open trial (n = 20), followed by a randomized controlled trial (n = 46) comparing cognitive training plus treatment as usual to treatment as usual. Results supported the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive training. Participants in the training group showed significant improvement on cognitive tasks, but groups did not differ in urgency. In pooled analyses combining the open trial and RCT, there was a significant reduction in distress intolerance in the training group only. Results indicate the potential benefit of cognitive training for distress intolerance, but do not support the use of cognitive training for urgency in acute clinical settings. The study conducted in the RCT phase of this manuscript is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT: NCT03527550). The full trial protocol is available on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Peckham
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jenna P Sandler
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | | | - R Kathryn McHugh
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Thröstur Björgvinsson
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Courtney Beard
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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33
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Choate AM, Gorey C, Rappaport LM, Wiernik BM, Bornovalova MA. Alternative model of personality disorders traits predict residential addictions treatment completion. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109011. [PMID: 34521057 PMCID: PMC8595711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people receiving residential treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD), premature treatment termination predicts poor post-treatment outcomes. We examined the utility of the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) for predicting premature residential SUD treatment termination, including interactions with age and gender. METHODS Participants (N = 374) were receiving residential treatment for SUD and enrolled in a clinical trial with two conditions: Skills for Improving Distress Intolerance (SIDI) and Supportive Counseling (NCT01741415). Participants were assessed at intake on AMPD traits using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and tracked longitudinally. After establishing gender and age measurement invariance, we used competing risk models to predict treatment completion versus premature termination using interactions of PID-5 scores with age and gender. FINDINGS Disinhibition and Negative Emotionality domains and facets predicted premature treatment termination, particularly among younger, male participants. There were positive effects of SIDI on treatment completion for participants with high levels of domain and facet Negative Emotionality. A small proportion (≈ 12 %) of the PID-5 items showed differential item functioning by age or gender; however, the aggregate impact on test-level total scores was negligible. CONCLUSIONS Participants (particularly young men) displaying poor self-control and emotional regulation are at risk for premature termination. These findings, together with minimal aggregate differential item functioning at the scale level, suggest that the PID-5 is a practically useful, construct-valid, non-proprietary measure, aspects of which can be used for screening in residential SUD treatment. Furthermore, among those with high negative emotionality, SIDI may be effective in preventing premature treatment termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Choate
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Claire Gorey
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Brenton M Wiernik
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Marina A Bornovalova
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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Shi M, Littlefield AK, Stevens AK. Investigating differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and impulsivity across substance user profiles: a person-centered approach. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:725-733. [PMID: 31944909 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although substance use is considered normative in college, continued examination of factors associated with problematic use is merited. This study identified latent substance user classes and examined their relations with sex, race/ethnicity, impulsivity-like facets, and substance use outcomes among 702 undergraduate students. Non-Alcohol Abstaining Users (NAA), Minimal Users (MU), and Polysubstance Users (PSU) emerged from latent class analysis. Variable-centered analyses indicated that substance user classes did not differ by sex. Students in the Asian and Other groups were at greater odds of being in the MU class than either NAA or PSU class, compared to White students. Differential patterns of impulsigenic trait levels emerged across latent classes. The present study highlights the utility of integrating person- and variable-centered approaches in studying heterogeneous substance use behaviors among college students. College PSU are particularly at risk for problematic outcomes, thus warranting preventive intervention that may target impulsigenic traits or polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molin Shi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Angela K Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Stieger M, Allemand M, Roberts BW, Davis JP. Mindful of personality trait change: Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to changes in states? J Pers 2021; 90:375-392. [PMID: 34486730 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to change in clinical states? Data of an intervention study were used to examine if change in clinical states (e.g., stress or depression) accounts for change in personality traits and to test whether both changes in traits and clinical states were independently associated with substance use. METHOD Seventy-nine substance use patients (Mage = 25.3, SD = 2.7; 35% female) took part at a 4-week intervention and completed a total of 15 bi-monthly assessments across 28 weeks to measure change in traits and states during and after treatment. RESULTS The results suggest that participants showed large trait and state changes over time, which happened rapidly with the majority occurring during the first four weeks. Trait and state changes were highly correlated, but not perfectly redundant. Significant variance in personality trait change remained after controlling for change in clinical states. Moreover, both trait and state change independently predicted substance use. CONCLUSION Personality trait change occurred relatively fast and was maintained until the last follow-up assessment six months after the end of the intervention. Also, the findings point to the notion that the conceptual distinction between traits and states may not be as important as originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Stieger
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02453, USA
| | - Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 50, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
| | - Brent W Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street M/C 716, Champaign, Illinois, IL 61820, USA.,Hector-Institut für Empirische Bildungsforschung, University of Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Jordan P Davis
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th St., Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, USA
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Brandt L, Levin FR, Kraigher D. Impulsive Personality Traits Mediate the Relationship Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Patients with Severe Alcohol Use Disorder. J Dual Diagn 2021; 17:193-206. [PMID: 34313557 PMCID: PMC8452140 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.1944711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established risk factor for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD-ADHD comorbidity is associated with additional psychiatric diagnoses. Several lines of evidence support the role of impulsivity as a pathway of these relationships; however, impulsivity is not a unitary construct. Thus, we sought to explore whether separate aspects of impulsivity may explain the relationship between ADHD symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity among inpatients (N = 136) with AUD. Methods: We assessed ADHD symptoms (childhood ADHD [Wender Utah Rating Scale], adult ADHD [Adult ADHD self-report scale]), health-related quality of life (HRQL; EQ-5D-5L), psychiatric comorbidity (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and impulsive personality traits (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking [UPPS] scale). Results: 19% of patients screened positive in the retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, and 17% for adult ADHD. Participants reported moderate levels of problem severity in the HRQL dimensions, and 65% had ≥1 current psychiatric disorders other than AUD and ADHD. Multiple mediation indicated that there was a significant direct effect of childhood ADHD symptoms on psychiatric comorbidity (β = 0.224, 95% CI [0.080, 1.114]), and indirect effects of both reacting impetuously when experiencing negative emotions (negative urgency; β = 0.999, 95% CI [0.043, 0.461]) and the tendency to not finish tasks (lack of perseverance; β = 0.075, 95% CI [0.002, 0.297]). Conclusions: The subcomponents of impulsivity to react rashly when experiencing negative emotions and the tendency to not persist in activities seem to contribute to the relationship between ADHD symptoms (particularly those in childhood) and psychiatric comorbidity among patients with severe AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brandt
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frances R Levin
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Petker T, Yanke C, Rahman L, Whalen L, Demaline K, Whitelaw K, Bang D, Holshausen K, Amlung M, MacKillop J. Naturalistic Evaluation of an Adjunctive Yoga Program for Women with Substance Use Disorders in Inpatient Treatment: Within-Treatment Effects on Cravings, Self-efficacy, Psychiatric Symptoms, Impulsivity, and Mindfulness. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 15:11782218211026651. [PMID: 34262285 PMCID: PMC8246483 DOI: 10.1177/11782218211026651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Addiction continues to be a major public health concern, and rates of relapse following currently-available treatments remain high. There is increasing interest in the adjunctive use of mindfulness-based interventions, such as yoga, to improve treatment outcomes. The current study was a preliminary naturalistic investigation of a novel trauma-informed yoga intervention in an inpatient treatment program for women with substance use disorder (SUD). Changes and differences in somatic symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, and psychological mechanisms were evaluated in women receiving treatment-as-usual (n = 36) and treatment-as-usual plus the yoga intervention (n = 42). For both groups, statistically significant within-subjects changes were present for somatic and psychiatric symptoms, cravings, self-efficacy, and multiple facets of impulsivity and mindfulness. Compared to standard treatment alone, participants in the treatment plus yoga condition significantly improved in range of motion and the Lack of Premeditation facet of impulsivity. Although most domains were not selectively affected, these initial within-treatment findings in this naturalistic evaluation suggest some promise for adjunctive yoga and a need for further evaluation, especially using larger samples and longer term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashia Petker
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Christine Yanke
- Womankind Addiction Services, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Liah Rahman
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Laurel Whalen
- Womankind Addiction Services, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Demaline
- Womankind Addiction Services, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kari Whitelaw
- Womankind Addiction Services, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie Bang
- Womankind Addiction Services, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Amlung
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton ON, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
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38
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Kearns NT, Blumenthal H, Contractor AA, Aston ER, Metrik J. Effect of trauma-related stress after alcohol consumption on perceived likelihood of negative consequences and willingness to drive. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106836. [PMID: 33529850 PMCID: PMC7956021 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes are a major preventable cause of death in the United States. One potential factor that may modulate the influence of alcohol on driving-related cognitions and decision-making is trauma-related stress. Indeed, in addition to compelling research indicating that both acute trauma-related stress and acute alcohol consumption may independently affect driving-related risky decision-making, there is reason to believe that the combination of these antecedents may have an exacerbating effect. METHODS The current study evaluated the influence of induction of acute trauma-related stress (via script-driven imagery) after alcohol consumption (0.06% Breath Alcohol Concentration [BrAC]) on driving-related cognitions - perceived likelihood of negative consequences and willingness to drive - among 25 trauma-exposed (currently symptomatic) adult drinkers from the community (M = 24.08; 36.0% female). RESULTS Participants who were acutely exposed to trauma-related stress after alcohol consumption evidenced lower perceived likelihood of being pulled over by a police officer (ηp2 = 0.38, large effect size) and lower perceived likelihood of getting in an accident (ηp2 = 0.17, medium-to-large effect size) relative to participants exposed to a neutral cue; conversely, participants exposed to trauma-related stress after alcohol consumption evidenced greater willingness to drive (d = 1.16, large effect size) than participants exposed to a neutral cue. CONCLUSIONS Generally, findings suggest that individuals with a trauma history that are acutely exposed to trauma-related stressors (e.g., reminders of their traumatic experience) may be particularly vulnerable to poorer driving-related decision-making after alcohol consumption. Results provide a meaningful target for the development of intoxicated driving prevention and intervention efforts geared specifically for individuals with trauma history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Kearns
- Brown University, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 121 S. Main St., Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Ateka A Contractor
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Aston
- Brown University, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 121 S. Main St., Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jane Metrik
- Brown University, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 121 S. Main St., Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Bertin L, Benca-Bachman CE, Kogan SM, Palmer RH. Examining the differential effects of latent impulsivity factors on substance use outcomes in African American men. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106847. [PMID: 33578106 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
African Americans have elevated substance use-related problems during adulthood despite initiating use later than individuals of other racial/ethnic backgrounds. The present study first validated the structure of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and then examined impulsivity as a prospective risk factor for future alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use, as well as generalized substance problems, in African American men. Data were drawn from the African-American Men's Project, which recruited participants (NWAVE-1 = 504; Mean ageWAVE-1 = 20.7; NWAVE-3 = 379; Mean ageWAVE-3 = 23.6) from rural counties of Georgia. Participants responded to an adapted version of the UPPS-P at Wave 1. Confirmatory factor analyses determined that a 5-factor model of impulsivity and a 3-factor hierarchical model of impulsivity described the data equally well, in comparison to 1-factor, 4-factor, or bifactor models. This supports that the structure of the abbreviated UPPS-P in African Americans is likely consistent with observations in White, Hispanic/Latino, and admixed samples. Notably, all second-order factors of the UPPS-P are not alike in predicting substance use outcomes when examined jointly in African American men. Only Deficits in Conscientiousness, which is a second-order factor comprised of Lack of Premeditation and Lack of Perseverance, affected whether individuals met any criteria for future substance use problems. Our findings provide novel insight into the relationship between impulsivity and substance involvement during emerging adulthood in African American men.
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40
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Wendel CJ, Wilhelm RA, Gable PA. Individual differences in motivation and impulsivity link resting frontal alpha asymmetry and motor beta activation. Biol Psychol 2021; 162:108088. [PMID: 33811974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has linked neural correlates with motivational traits and measures of impulsivity. However, few previous studies have investigated whether individual differences in motivation and impulsivity moderate the relationship between these disparate neural activity patterns. In a sample of 118 young adults, we used Electroencephalography (EEG) to examine whether behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BIS/BAS) and impulsivity facets (negative urgency, lack of perseverance), moderate the relationship between beta power and resting frontal alpha asymmetry. Regression analyses revealed a novel relationship between lesser beta power and greater left frontal alpha asymmetry (LFA). Moderation analyses suggest this relationship may strengthen as BIS/BAS levels increase, and trait impulsivity levels decrease from the mean. These results are among the first revealing a relationship between two widely investigated neural activity patterns of motivation and provide some indication individual differences moderate this relationship. The limitations of these findings and need for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Wendel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, United States.
| | - Ricardo A Wilhelm
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, United States
| | - Philip A Gable
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, United States
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41
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Adams ZW, Hahn AM, McCart MR, Chapman JE, Sheidow AJ, Walker J, de Arellano M, Danielson CK. Predictors of substance use in a clinical sample of youth seeking treatment for Trauma-related mental health problems. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106742. [PMID: 33291058 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment and traumatic events are well established risk factors for adolescent substance use problems, but little is known about the unique contributions of etiological factors on trauma-exposed youths' pre-treatment substance use in clinical settings. This study examined associations between substance use and risk and protective factors measured across multiple ecological levels among a unique sample of youth seeking treatment for trauma-related mental health problems in child advocacy centers. Participants were adolescents (N = 135; 85% female; 60% white, 31% black) aged 13-17 years (M = 15.4) with ≥ 1 experience of child maltreatment or other interpersonal violence, current substance use, and ≥5 PTSD symptoms. Youth and caregivers completed validated questionnaires and clinical interviews at a pre-treatment assessment in a randomized controlled trial of a treatment for co-occurring traumatic stress and substance use. Negative binomial regression models identified different patterns of risk and protective factors for alcohol and cannabis. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, including the potential targets for integrated psychotherapies that address co-occurring substance use and traumatic stress in youth.
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42
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Strickland JC, Johnson MW. Rejecting impulsivity as a psychological construct: A theoretical, empirical, and sociocultural argument. Psychol Rev 2021; 128:336-361. [PMID: 32969672 PMCID: PMC8610097 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate through theoretical, empirical, and sociocultural evidence that the concept of impulsivity fails the basic requirements of a psychological construct and should be rejected as such. Impulsivity (or impulsiveness) currently holds a central place in psychological theory, research, and clinical practice and is considered a multifaceted concept. However, impulsivity falls short of the theoretical specifications for hypothetical constructs by having meaning that is not compatible with psychometric, neuroscience, and clinical data. Psychometric findings indicate that impulsive traits and behaviors (e.g., response inhibition, delay discounting) are largely uncorrelated and fail to load onto a single, superordinate latent variable. Modern neuroscience has also failed to identify a specific and central neurobehavioral mechanism underlying impulsive behaviors and instead has found separate neurochemical systems and loci that contribute to a variety of impulsivity types. Clinically, these different impulsivity types show diverging and distinct pathways and processes relating to behavioral and psychosocial health. The predictive validity and sensitivity of impulsivity measures to pharmacological, behavioral, and cognitive interventions also vary based on the impulsivity type evaluated and clinical condition examined. Conflation of distinct personality and behavioral mechanisms under a single umbrella of impulsivity ultimately increases the likelihood of misunderstanding at a sociocultural level and facilitates misled hypothesizing and artificial inconsistencies for clinical translation. We strongly recommend that, based on this comprehensive evidence, psychological scientists and neuroscientists reject the language of impulsivity in favor of a specific focus on the several well-defined and empirically supported factors that impulsivity is purported to cover. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew W Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Sobolev M, Vitale R, Wen H, Kizer J, Leeman R, Pollak JP, Baumel A, Vadhan NP, Estrin D, Muench F. The Digital Marshmallow Test (DMT) Diagnostic and Monitoring Mobile Health App for Impulsive Behavior: Development and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25018. [PMID: 33480854 PMCID: PMC7837672 DOI: 10.2196/25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classic Marshmallow Test, where children were offered a choice between one small but immediate reward (eg, one marshmallow) or a larger reward (eg, two marshmallows) if they waited for a period of time, instigated a wealth of research on the relationships among impulsive responding, self-regulation, and clinical and life outcomes. Impulsivity is a hallmark feature of self-regulation failures that lead to poor health decisions and outcomes, making understanding and treating impulsivity one of the most important constructs to tackle in building a culture of health. Despite a large literature base, impulsivity measurement remains difficult due to the multidimensional nature of the construct and limited methods of assessment in daily life. Mobile devices and the rise of mobile health (mHealth) have changed our ability to assess and intervene with individuals remotely, providing an avenue for ambulatory diagnostic testing and interventions. Longitudinal studies with mobile devices can further help to understand impulsive behaviors and variation in state impulsivity in daily life. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and validate an impulsivity mHealth diagnostics and monitoring app called Digital Marshmallow Test (DMT) using both the Apple and Android platforms for widespread dissemination to researchers, clinicians, and the general public. Methods The DMT app was developed using Apple’s ResearchKit (iOS) and Android’s ResearchStack open source frameworks for developing health research study apps. The DMT app consists of three main modules: self-report, ecological momentary assessment, and active behavioral and cognitive tasks. We conducted a study with a 21-day assessment period (N=116 participants) to validate the novel measures of the DMT app. Results We used a semantic differential scale to develop self-report trait and momentary state measures of impulsivity as part of the DMT app. We identified three state factors (inefficient, thrill seeking, and intentional) that correlated highly with established measures of impulsivity. We further leveraged momentary semantic differential questions to examine intraindividual variability, the effect of daily life, and the contextual effect of mood on state impulsivity and daily impulsive behaviors. Our results indicated validation of the self-report sematic differential and related results, and of the mobile behavioral tasks, including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and Go-No-Go task, with relatively low validity of the mobile Delay Discounting task. We discuss the design implications of these results to mHealth research. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential for assessing different facets of trait and state impulsivity during everyday life and in clinical settings using the DMT mobile app. The DMT app can be further used to enhance our understanding of the individual facets that underlie impulsive behaviors, as well as providing a promising avenue for digital interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03006653; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006653
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sobolev
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Vitale
- The Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hongyi Wen
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - James Kizer
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert Leeman
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, United States
| | - J P Pollak
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | | | - Nehal P Vadhan
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Estrin
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
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McCredie MN, Harris B, Regan T, Morey LC, Fields SA. Development and Validation of a Validity Scale for Use with the UPPS-P and Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales. J Pers Assess 2021; 103:752-761. [PMID: 33471565 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1866588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most widely used self-report measures of impulsivity are the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and its shortened version, the SUPPS-P, which currently are limited by their inability to detect careless and/or random responding. The present study develops and cross-validates an inconsistency scale for use with the UPPS-P and SUPPS-P in order to accurately screen for data quality and better detect invalid responding. A total of 443 participants were recruited from Amazon's MTurk online data collection service to serve as the derivation sample and 231 undergraduates were recruited to serve as the cross-validation sample. The inconsistency scale demonstrated good classification accuracy in differentiating between genuine and random protocols and moderated the relationships between the UPPS-P/SUPPS-P and a criterion measure of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Thus, the inconsistency scale shows promise as an indicator of variable response inconsistency for use with both the UPPS-P and SUPPS-P in community and undergraduate research samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N McCredie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bethany Harris
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Regan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sherecce A Fields
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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45
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Blonigen DM, Macia KS. Personality change during substance use disorder treatment is associated with improvements in abstinence self-efficacy post-treatment among U.S. military veterans. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 120:108187. [PMID: 33298306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that personality traits change during substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, the extent to which changes in traits during SUD treatment are associated with subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes remains untested. Among U.S. military veterans (n = 200) enrolled in SUD residential treatment, we examined whether changes in the personality factors of positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM), and constraint (CON) during treatment were associated with subsequent changes in abstinence self-efficacy and SUD symptoms. We analyzed data at treatment entry, discharge, and 12-months post-discharge via univariate and bivariate latent change score models. During treatment, PEM, CON, and abstinence self-efficacy increased, while NEM decreased, on average. Changes in NEM and CON were largely sustained, whereas PEM and abstinence self-efficacy significantly decreased post-treatment. SUD symptoms decreased from pre- to post-treatment. In bivariate models, higher levels of NEM at baseline were associated with less improvement in both abstinence self-efficacy during treatment and SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment. Higher levels of CON at baseline were associated with greater improvement in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment, and increases in CON during treatment were associated with greater retention of treatment gains in abstinence self-efficacy post-treatment. Greater improvements in CON during treatment were also associated with greater improvements in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment in unadjusted (p = 0.041) but not adjusted models (p = 0.089). Our findings suggest that personality changes marked by improvements in impulse control over the course of SUD treatment may be linked to subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes and may have value as a proximal treatment target among SUD patients during residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Blonigen
- HSR&D Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Kathryn S Macia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (334-NCPTSD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Spechler PA, Stewart JL, Kuplicki R, Paulus MP. Parsing impulsivity in individuals with anxiety and depression who use Cannabis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108289. [PMID: 33002704 PMCID: PMC7736515 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with anxiety/depression may impulsively use cannabis to acutely induce positive affect and attenuate aversive mood states. However, few studies have attempted to parse impulsivity displayed by anxious/depressed cannabis users. This investigation examined what aspects of impulsivity characterize those individuals using self-report and functional MRI (fMRI) measures. METHODS Individuals with any lifetime anxiety/depression diagnoses and problematic cannabis use ("Anx/Dep+CB"; n=42) were compared to a propensity score-matched group with very low cannabis use ("Anx/Dep-lowCB"; n=42), and a healthy control group (n=37). Impulsivity was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsivity Questionnaire and the Stop Signal Task (SST) during fMRI. For UPPS-P, regression models estimated group-by-impulsivity subscale interactions with post-hoc pairwise tests. For the SST, similar regression models were estimated with four a-priori regions of interest (ROIs; right opercularis, orbitalis, dorsal and ventral anterior insula) during stop-success and stop-failure processing. Null SST findings were followed up using Bayes factor analysis to quantify the evidence in support of the null hypothesis. RESULTS For the UPPS-P, a significant group-by-subscale interaction indicated that the Anx/Dep+CB group exhibited higher levels of impulsivity on the negative- and positive-urgency subscales relative to both comparison groups. Higher negative-urgency correlated with heavier lifetime cannabis use across groups. For the SST, there were no ROI task activation differences. Bayes factor analysis determined the null findings were at least three times more likely than the alternative hypothesis for all ROIs. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity under periods of heightened affect, but not motor response inhibitions, characterized anxious/depressed individuals who use cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Spechler
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research. 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136. USA.
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research. 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136. USA; University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research. 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136. USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research. 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136. USA; University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Owens MM, Hyatt CS, Gray JC, Miller JD, Lynam DR, Hahn S, Allgaier N, Potter A, Garavan H. Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive traits in children aged 9 to 10. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 129:831-844. [PMID: 32897083 PMCID: PMC7606639 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity refers to a set of traits that are generally negatively related to critical domains of adaptive functioning and are core features of numerous psychiatric disorders. The current study examined the gray and white matter correlates of five impulsive traits measured using an abbreviated version of the UPPS-P (Urgency, (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, Sensation-Seeking, Positive Urgency) impulsivity scale in children aged 9 to 10 (N = 11,052) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed effect models and elastic net regression were used to examine features of regional gray matter and white matter tractography most associated with each UPPS-P scale; intraclass correlations were computed to examine the similarity of the neuroanatomical correlates among the scales. Positive Urgency showed the most robust association with neuroanatomy, with similar but less robust associations found for Negative Urgency. Perseverance showed little association with neuroanatomy. Premeditation and Sensation Seeking showed intermediate associations with neuroanatomy. Critical regions across measures include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex; critical tracts included the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Negative Urgency and Positive Urgency showed the greatest neuroanatomical similarity. Some UPPS-P traits share neuroanatomical correlates, while others have distinct correlates or essentially no relation to neuroanatomy. Neuroanatomy tended to account for relatively little variance in UPPS-P traits (i.e., Model R2 < 1%) and effects were spread throughout the brain, highlighting the importance of well powered samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua C. Gray
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology
| | | | | | - Sage Hahn
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry
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Impulsivity facets and cognitive distortions associated with problem gambling: Differences between ADHD and non-ADHD gamblers. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2020.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Increased motivation towards alcohol use and suboptimal behavioral control are suggested to predispose adolescents to alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Paradoxically however, most adolescent AUDs resolve over time without any formal intervention, suggesting adolescent resilience to AUDs. Importantly, studies directly comparing adolescent and adult alcohol use are largely missing. We therefore aimed to unravel the moderating role of age in the relation between alcohol use and motivational and control-related cognitive processes in 45 adolescent drinkers compared to 45 adults. We found that enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity related positively to alcohol use. Although enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity were higher in adolescents, the strength of the relation between these measures and alcohol use did not differ between age groups. None of the alcohol use-related motivational measures (i.e., craving, attentional bias, and approach bias) and behavioral control measures (i.e., interference control, risky decision making, and working-memory) were associated with alcohol use or differed between age groups. These findings support the role of impulsivity and affective sensitivity in adolescent drinking but question the moderating role of age therein. The current study contributes towards understanding the role of age in the relation between alcohol use and cognition.
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Johnson SL, Zisser MR, Sandel DB, Swerdlow BA, Carver CS, Sanchez AH, Fernandez E. Development of a brief online intervention to address aggression in the context of emotion-related impulsivity: Evidence from a wait-list controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2020; 134:103708. [PMID: 32896743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trait-like tendencies to respond impulsively to emotion, labelled emotion-related impulsivity, are robustly related to aggression. We developed and tested an online intervention to address emotion-related impulsivity and aggression. The 6-session intervention focused on behavioral techniques shown to decrease arousal and aggression, supplemented with implementation intentions and smartphone prompts to facilitate skills transfer into daily life. First, we piloted the intervention in-person with 4 people. Then, 235 participants were randomly assigned to take the online intervention immediately or after a wait-list period; those in the waitlist were then invited to take part in the intervention. Participants completed the self-rated Feelings Trigger Action Scale to assess emotion-related impulsivity, the interview-based Modified Overt Aggression Scale and the self-rated Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Participants who took part in the treatment completed daily anger logs. Attrition, as with other online programs, was high; however, treatment completers reported high satisfaction, and outcomes changed more rapidly during treatment than waitlist across all key outcome indices. In analyses including all participants who took part in the treatment (immediate or delayed), we observed moderate-to-large treatment gains, which were maintained as of the 3-month follow-up assessment. This work supports the usefulness of an intervention for addressing emotion-related impulsivity and aggression.
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