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Syrjäläinen S, Männistö S, Könönen E, Pussinen P, Gürsoy M, Suominen AL, Jousilahti P, Gürsoy UK. Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross-sectional analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:406-416. [PMID: 38158626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis after controlling for body mass index (BMI), socio-demographic factors and lifestyle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgroups from two Finnish surveys, DILGOM 2007 and Health 2000, were included (total n = 727). The DII scores were calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was assessed with a cumulative risk score in DILGOM 2007 and by pocket depth measurement in Health 2000. From saliva, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured. RESULTS The DII scores did not differ between non-periodontitis and periodontitis participants in pairwise comparison. After adjusting for energy intake, periodontal status, BMI, age, education level, smoking habit and physical activity, DII was not associated with salivary cytokine concentrations. After adjusting for salivary cytokine levels and other confounding factors, DII was associated with periodontitis in the Health 2000 subgroup but not in the DILGOM 2007 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The current data support the evidence that diet is not associated with salivary cytokine levels but may be associated with periodontitis. The association observed between diet and periodontitis is related to factors other than diet-dependent inflammatory tendency in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Syrjäläinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Teaching Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Al Sabbah H, Assaf EA, Al-Jawaldeh A, AlSammach AS, Madi H, Khamis Al Ali N, Al Dhaheri AS, Cheikh Ismail L. Nutrition Situation Analysis in the UAE: A Review Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020363. [PMID: 36678240 PMCID: PMC9861891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review study aimed to assess the nutrition situation in the UAE using published data from 2010 to 2022. It highlights the gaps and challenges that prevail in addressing the nutrition-related problems in the UAE and the opportunities that have been overlooked. The available literature indicates that the UAE is burdened with more than one form of nutrition-related problems, including being underweight, being overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and nutrition-related chronic diseases. It is clear that data on micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related diseases among the UAE population are extremely scarce. The UAE has a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes; however, limited studies have been conducted to document this nutritional phenomenon. Few examples of published data are available assessing the burden of stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children under five years of age. Despite the importance of protein-energy malnutrition, no recent publications analyze its prevalence within the UAE population. Therefore, future studies must be conducted, focusing on malnutrition. Based on the literature, and bearing in mind the magnitude of the health issues due to the UAE population's nutrition negligence, there is an urgent need to assess the population's nutrient behaviors, to aid policy decision-makers in developing and implementing effective health policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleama Al Sabbah
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-56-950-1179
| | - Enas A. Assaf
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Afra Salah AlSammach
- Health Promotion Department, Ministry of Health, Dubai 20224, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haifa Madi
- Health Promotion Department, Ministry of Health, Dubai 20224, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nouf Khamis Al Ali
- Health Promotion Department, Ministry of Health, Dubai 20224, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Zyśk B, Ostrowska L, Smarkusz-Zarzecka J. Salivary Adipokine and Cytokine Levels as Potential Markers for the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111703. [PMID: 34769133 PMCID: PMC8584047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the number of people suffering from obesity is increasing worldwide. In addition, the disease is affecting younger individuals. Therefore, it is essential to search for new diagnostic methods and markers for early assessment of the risk of obesity, metabolic disorders, and other comorbidities. The discovery of the secretory function of adipose tissue and coexistence of low-grade chronic inflammation with obesity set a new direction in this disease diagnosis using the assessment of the concentration of inflammatory markers secreted by adipose tissue. The aim of this review was to determine, based on previous findings, whether saliva can be useful in the diagnosis of obesity and its early metabolic complications and whether it can be an alternative diagnostic material to serum.
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Chávez-Alderete J, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Del-Río-Hidalgo R, Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Mora-Romero U, Benítez-Pérez R, Rodríguez-Moreno L, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Vargas MH. Salivary concentrations of cytokines and other analytes in healthy children. Cytokine 2020; 138:155379. [PMID: 33271384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood has been the usual biological fluid for measuring analytes, but there is mounting evidence that saliva may be also useful for detecting cytokines in a noninvasive way. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine concentration of cytokines and other analytes in saliva from a population of healthy children. METHODS We collected un-stimulated whole saliva samples from clinically healthy children, and concentration of 17 cytokines and 12 other analytes were measured in supernatants. All values were adjusted by albumin content and were log-transformed before multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS We included 114 children (53.5% females) between 6.0 and 11.9 years old. The highest concentrations (medians, pg/µg albumin) were seen for visfatin (183.70) and adiponectin (162.26) and the lowest for IL-13 and IL-2 (~0.003). Albumin concentration was associated with age (rS = 0.39, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, five analytes (C peptide, ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin) inversely correlated with age and positively with height-for-age. Age was also positively associated with PAI-1, while height-for-age was also positively associated with insulin and visfatin. Finally, BMI-for-age had a positive correlation with GM-CSF and insulin. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provided concentration values for 29 analytes in saliva from healthy children that may be useful as preliminary reference framework in the clinical research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Chávez-Alderete
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Del-Río-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selene Guerrero-Zúñiga
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uri Mora-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Benítez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Torre-Bouscoulet
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Reliability and validity of Arabic version of revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire on university students. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:851-860. [PMID: 32814597 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ-R) for adults. DESIGN The eighty-eight-item English GNKQ-R was adapted into an eighty-six-item Arabic version. Four validation studies were conducted for internal (n 805) and external (n 106) reliability, construct validity between participants with (n 84) and without (n 88) nutrition background, convergent validity for associations between nutrition knowledge and demographic characteristics (n 750) and responsiveness to online nutrition information (n 55). SETTING United Arab Emirates University in United Arab Emirates and Hashemite University in Jordan. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students aged 18 years and above, enrolled in any programme at the two universities, were recruited. RESULTS Overall, internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0·91) and external reliability (P = 0·350; intra-class correlation coefficient = 0·84) were high. Significantly higher GNKQ-R scores of students with (66·0 (10·6)) v. without (38·0 (10·7), P < 0·001; d = 2·6) nutrition background indicated high construct validity. Significantly higher GNKQ-R scores among females v. males, older and senior students v. younger and junior students and students in health discipline v. non-health discipline reflected good convergent validity. Significant differences in GNKQ-R scores with nutrition information (time 1 = 37·8 (10·5) and time 2 = 47·7 (9·1), P < 0·001; d = 1·0) indicated high responsiveness to nutrition intervention. CONCLUSIONS The Arabic GNKQ-R showed high reliability and validity in the young adult Arab population. Besides the reliability of the overall questionnaire, each section demonstrated adequate reliability. Further studies are warranted to establish the generalisability and applicability of the Arabic GNKQ-R in older adults and in different middle-eastern Arab countries.
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Duffles LF, Hermont AP, Abreu LG, Pordeus IA, Silva TA. Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:313-324. [PMID: 31482694 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals without obesity. METHODS Computerized searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus). Manual searches and a Google Scholar search, limiting the search to the first 100 hits, were also conducted. Two calibrated authors performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the University of Adelaide Tool. RESULTS The electronic searches retrieved 929 titles/abstracts. Following the removal of duplicated references, 613 titles/abstracts were assessed. Thirty-four articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in saliva was statistically increased in individuals with obesity compared with individuals without obesity (P < 0.05). By contrast, the meta-analysis showed no difference in the concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and interleukin 6 in saliva and of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in GCF between individuals with and without obesity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with obesity presented higher levels of TNF-α in saliva than individuals without obesity. TNF-α in saliva sampling may be a helpful marker for obesity. For the other adipokines, no difference was observed, but the limited availability and heterogeneity of data do not allow us to assertively state whether changes of adipokines in GCF and saliva are associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Geetha T. Association of salivary C-reactive protein with the obesity measures and markers in children. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1239-1247. [PMID: 31413613 PMCID: PMC6662161 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s211624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity is a pro-inflammatory state. This study aimed to examine the level of the salivary obesity markers in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children, association with the obesity measures and the interrelations between the biomarkers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy-six children (40 normal weight and 36 overweight/obese) were recruited for this study. Body weight, height, and waist circumference measurement were obtained. The saliva sample was collected from all the participants. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the participants were classified into the normal weight or overweight/obese depending upon the body mass index (BMI) percentile ranking. The obesity panel of salivary markers resistin, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factor D, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined using human magnetic Luminex performance assay. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) to identify the best salivary biomarker in children. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation analyses to determine the association between the parameters. RESULTS The obesity biomarkers resistin, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were significantly high in overweight/obese compared to normal weight. Salivary CRP (AUC: 0.866, 95% CI: 0.780-0.952; p<0.0001) showed superiority area under ROC curves with good discriminatory power than resistin, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. BMI z-score, WC z-score, and WHtR z-score showed a significant association (p<0.0001) with CRP. The CRP significantly (p<0.0001) correlated with resistin, CCL2/MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by linear regression and Pearson's correlation analysis. CONCLUSION Increased level of salivary CRP in children may be considered as a non-invasive marker for childhood obesity for detection of the risk factors for the development of metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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