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Bruzek AK, Koller GM, Karuparti S, Varagur K, Dunbar A, Flanders TM, Mingo M, Sudanagunta K, Bligard KH, Odibo A, Vrecenak J, Mian A, Strahle JM. MRI analysis of neurodevelopmental anatomy in myelomeningocele: prenatal vs postnatal repair. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 64:362-373. [PMID: 38237046 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compared with postnatal repair, prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair is associated with improved motor function and decreased need for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. It is unknown how prenatal surgery alters neuroanatomical structures identifiable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to use MRI to compare neurodevelopmental anatomy in patients undergoing fetal MMC repair compared with those undergoing postnatal repair. METHODS This was a retrospective review of neonates who underwent prenatal or postnatal MMC repair at our institution between 2016 and 2021. Imaging data, including prenatal ultrasound and pre- and postnatal MRI examinations, if available, were retrieved. We analyzed anatomical findings characteristically seen on MRI of the neuroaxis in patients with MMC and compared imaging findings between patients with prenatal vs postnatal MMC repair. RESULTS The study population included 61 patients who underwent surgical repair for MMC during the 6-year study period, of whom 25 underwent prenatal repair and 36 postnatal repair. CSF diversion was required in 24% of the prenatally repaired cohort vs 67% of the postnatally repaired cohort (P = 0.001). On postnatal MRI, a syrinx was present in 13% of the prenatally repaired cohort vs 42% in the postnatally repaired cohort (P = 0.02). Postnatal corpus callosal (CC) morphology was abnormal in 54% of the prenatally repaired cohort vs 53% of the postnatally repaired cohort (P = 0.92), while falx morphology was normal in 92% of the prenatally repaired cohort vs 34% of the postnatally repaired cohort (P < 0.001). On postnatal MRI, patients in the prenatally repaired cohort had a shorter tentorium-to-foramen-magnum distance compared with those in the postnatally repaired cohort (mean, 18.43 mm vs 22.42 mm; P = 0.01), a larger foramen magnum diameter (mean, 22.87 mm vs 18.94 mm; P < 0.001) and a smaller degree of hindbrain herniation (mean, 1.53 mm vs 8.72 mm; P < 0.001). The cerebral aqueduct was patent in 79% of the prenatally repaired cohort vs 100% of the postnatally repaired cohort on postnatal MRI (P = 0.008). Between the two cohorts, at postnatal MRI there was no significant difference in the presence of gray-matter heterotopia, presence of the septum pellucidum or size of the massa intermedia. CONCLUSIONS We report variations in developmental neuroanatomy in patients with MMC, including rates of CC dysgenesis, gray-matter heterotopia and additional cranial and spinal MRI findings. Compared to postnatal surgery, prenatal surgery is associated with changes to infratentorial anatomy, with minimal effect on supratentorial brain development. This information will be useful in counseling parents affected by fetal MMC and in understanding how prenatal repair of MMC affects brain development. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Bruzek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G M Koller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Karuparti
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Varagur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Dunbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - T M Flanders
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Mingo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - K Sudanagunta
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - K H Bligard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Ultrasound, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Odibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Ultrasound, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Vrecenak
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Mian
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J M Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
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Lear CA, Lear BA, Davidson JO, King VJ, Maeda Y, McDouall A, Dhillon SK, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Dysmaturation of sleep state and electroencephalographic activity after hypoxia-ischaemia in preterm fetal sheep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1376-1392. [PMID: 38415649 PMCID: PMC11342719 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Antenatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) in preterm fetal sheep can trigger delayed evolution of severe, cystic white matter injury (WMI), in a similar timecourse to WMI in preterm infants. We therefore examined how severe hypoxia-ischaemia affects recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Chronically instrumented preterm fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) received 25 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion (UCO, n = 9) or sham occlusion (controls, n = 9), and recovered for 21 days. HI was associated with a shift to lower frequency EEG activity for the first 5 days with persisting loss of EEG power in the delta and theta bands, and initial loss of power in the alpha and beta bands in the first 14 days of recovery. In the final 3 days of recovery, there was a marked rhythmic shift towards higher frequency EEG activity after UCO. The UCO group spent less time in high-voltage sleep, and in the early evening (7:02 pm ± 47 min) abruptly stopped cycling between sleep states, with a shift to a high frequency state for 2 h 48 min ± 40 min, with tonic electromyographic activity. These findings demonstrate persisting EEG and sleep state dysmaturation after severe hypoxia-ischaemia. Loss of fetal or neonatal sleep state cycling in the early evening may be a useful biomarker for evolving cystic WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victoria J King
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alice McDouall
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K Dhillon
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lu M, Gan H, Zhou Q, Han F, Wang X, Zhang F, Tong J, Huang K, Gao H, Yan S, Jin Z, Wang Q, Tao F. Trimester-specific effect of maternal co-exposure to organophosphate esters and phthalates on preschooler cognitive development: The moderating role of gestational vitamin D status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118536. [PMID: 38442813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are prevalent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are often exposed to OPEs and PAEs simultaneously through multiple routes. Given that fetal stage is a critical period for neurodevelopment, it is necessary to know whether gestational co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs affects fetal neurodevelopment. However, accessible epidemiological studies are limited. The present study included 2, 120 pregnant women from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study. The concentrations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), 6 OPE metabolites and 7 PAE metabolites were measured in the first, second and third trimester using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cognitive development of preschooler was assessed based on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) of the Chinese version. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs), restricted cubic spline (RCS) and generalized additive models (GAMs) were employed to explore the associations between individual OPE exposure and preschooler cognitive development. The quantile-based g-computation (QGC) method was used to estimate the joint effect of PAEs and OPEs exposure on cognitive development. GEEs revealed significant adverse associations between diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) (β: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.01), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate(BBOEP) (β: -0.44, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.02), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (β: -0.81, 95%CI: -1.43, -0.20) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) in the first trimester; additionally, TCEP and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) in the second trimester, as well as DPHP in the third trimester, were negatively associated with cognitive development. Through the QGC analyses, mixture exposure in the first trimester was negatively associated with FSIQ scores (β: -1.70, 95% CI: -3.06, -0.34), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), BCIPP, and DPHP might be the dominant contributors after controlling for other OPEs and PAEs congeners. Additionally, the effect of OPEs and PAEs mixture on cognitive development might be driven by vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Lu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, 243011, China
| | - Zhongxiu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Baxendale S. The impact of suppressing puberty on neuropsychological function: A review. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1156-1167. [PMID: 38334046 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of medications that interrupt puberty, given the magnitude and complexity of changes that occur in brain function and structure during this sensitive window of neurodevelopment. This review examines the literature on the impact of pubertal suppression on cognitive and behavioural function in animals and humans. METHODS All studies reporting cognitive impacts of treatment with GnRH agonists/antagonists for pubertal suppression in animals or humans were sought via a systematic search strategy across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS Sixteen studies were identified. In mammals, the neuropsychological impacts of puberty blockers are complex and often sex specific (n = 11 studies). There is no evidence that cognitive effects are fully reversible following discontinuation of treatment. No human studies have systematically explored the impact of these treatments on neuropsychological function with an adequate baseline and follow-up. There is some evidence of a detrimental impact of pubertal suppression on IQ in children. CONCLUSION Critical questions remain unanswered regarding the nature, extent and permanence of any arrested development of cognitive function associated with puberty blockers. The impact of puberal suppression on measures of neuropsychological function is an urgent research priority.
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Wei J, Zheng W, Teng C, An X, Li L, Zhong P, Peng C, Zhuge S, Akoto Ampadu J, Yu C, Cai X. Exogenous NADPH could mitigate pyroptosis-induced brain injury in fetal mice exposed to gestational intermittent hypoxia. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112311. [PMID: 38781607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and will lead to the rise of oxidative stress in the fetal body. Pyroptosis, a type of inflammatory and programmable cell death mediated by Gasdermin D (GSDMD), plays a substantial role in oxygen deprivation's contribution to neural system damage. Existing research shows that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) plays a protective role in alleviating brain tissue pyroptosis. We speculate that exogenous NADPH may play a protective role in OSA during pregnancy. METHODS A model of GIH group was established to simulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA during pregnant and AIR group was established by giving the same frequency. Sham group was established by injecting NS and the NADPH group was established and given exogenous NADPH. We utilized the Morris Water Maze to assess cognitive function impairment, Luxol Fast Blue (LBF) staining to confirm myelin sheath formation, TUNEL staining to examine cell death in fetal mice brain tissue, and Western blotting to detect pertinent protein expressions. RESULTS The GIH group offspring exhibited decreases in spatial learning and memory abilities, reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes and formed myelin, as well as increased expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. The NADPH group offspring showed restoration in spatial learning and memory abilities increased counts of oligodendrocytes and formed myelin sheaths, in addition to decreased expression of pyroptosis-related. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that early injection of exogenous NADPH can alleviate the damage to fetal brain development caused by gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weikun Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenjiong Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xueqian An
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenlei Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shurui Zhuge
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Janet Akoto Ampadu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenyi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China; The second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Gonzalez-Palacios P, Rivas A, Ochoa JJ, Diaz-Castro J. Implications of Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Offspring Development: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1556. [PMID: 38892490 PMCID: PMC11173790 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have attracted the attention of the scientific community, as a result of a deepened understanding of their effects on human health. These compounds, which can reach populations through the food chain and a number of daily life products, are known to modify the activity of the endocrine system. Regarding vulnerable groups like pregnant mothers, the potential damage they can cause increases their importance, since it is the health of two lives that is at risk. EDCs can affect the gestation process, altering fetal development, and eventually inducing the appearance of many disorders in their childhood and/or adulthood. Because of this, several of these substances have been studied to clarify the influence of their prenatal exposure on the cognitive and psychomotor development of the newborn, together with the appearance of non-communicable diseases and other disorders. The most novel research on the subject has been gathered in this narrative review, with the aim of clarifying the current knowledge on the subject. EDCs have shown, through different studies involving both animal and human investigation, a detrimental effect on the development of children exposed to the during pregnancy, sometimes with sex-specific outcomes. However, some other studies have failed to find these associations, which highlights the need for deeper and more rigorous research, that will provide an even more solid foundation for the establishment of policies against the extended use of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.J.O.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.J.O.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.J.O.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Palacios
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.J.O.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.J.O.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
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Liuzzi T, Bompard S, Raponi M, D’Arienzo F, Staccioli S, Napoli E, Diotallevi MF, Piga S, Giuliani R, Castelli E. Euterpe music therapy method for children with cerebral palsy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1388712. [PMID: 38660092 PMCID: PMC11040093 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1388712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The main purpose of our study was to evaluate whether involvement in a personalized music therapy program (Euterpe method), could improve the condition of children with cerebral palsy and their parents, compared to a control group. It investigated whether it could positively affect children's sleep quality, temperament and quality of life, quality of family life, and parental stress. Methods A prospective single-center experimental study was conducted at "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital (Rome, Italy). All subjects involved attended an intensive rehabilitation program in the Neurorehabilitation Unit. In a group of patients (n = 25), a music therapy treatment was applied to evaluate the effect before and after the intervention. This group was also compared with a control group (n = 10) undergoing a standard protocol without music therapy. Results In the experimental group, the analysis shows statistically significant effects in the Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (p = 0.050) and the Sleep wake transition disorders (p = 0.026) factors, and the total score (p = 0.031) of Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children; the Positive emotionality scale (p = 0.013) of Italian Questionnaires of Temperament (QUIT); the Emotional Functioning (p = 0.029), Social Functioning (p = 0.012), Worry (p = 0.032), Daily Activities (p = 0.032), Total Score (p = 0.039) and Parent HRQL Summary Score (p = 0.035) dimensions of Pediatric Quality of Life for family. While in the control group, only the Attention scale of QUIT (p = 0.003) reaches statistical significance. Discussion Our study suggests that music therapy with the Euterpe Method has beneficial effects on fundamental aspects of the child's and his parents' lives, such as sleep, emotion control, and quality of family life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Liuzzi
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Santa Cecilia Conservatory of Music, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Bompard
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fiammetta D’Arienzo
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Euterpe APS Cultural Association, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Staccioli
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Piga
- Unit of Epidemiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Castelli
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Essers E, Granés L, Delaney S, Ballester J, Santos S, Petricola S, Yang TC, Fernández-Somoano A, Bereziartua A, Ballester F, Tardón A, Vrijheid M, Lertxundi A, McEachan RRC, El Marroun H, Tiemeier H, Iñiguez C, Guxens M. Ambient air temperature exposure and foetal size and growth in three European birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108619. [PMID: 38603813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient air temperature may affect birth outcomes adversely, but little is known about their impact on foetal growth throughout pregnancy. We evaluated the association between temperature exposure during pregnancy and foetal size and growth in three European birth cohorts. METHODS We studied 23,408 pregnant women from the English Born in Bradford cohort, Dutch Generation R Study, and Spanish INMA Project. Using the UrbClimTM model, weekly ambient air temperature exposure at 100x100m resolution at the mothers' residences during pregnancy was calculated. Estimated foetal weight, head circumference, and femur length at mid and late pregnancy and weight, head circumference, and length at birth were converted into standard deviation scores (SDS). Foetal growth from mid to late pregnancy was calculated (grams or centimetres/week). Cohort/region-specific distributed lag non-linear models were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis and results presented in reference to the median percentile of temperature (14 °C). RESULTS Weekly temperatures ranged from -5.6 (Bradford) to 30.3 °C (INMA-Sabadell). Cold and heat exposure during weeks 1-28 were associated with a smaller and larger head circumference in late pregnancy, respectively (e.g., for 9.5 °C: -1.6 SDS [95 %CI -2.0; -0.4] and for 20.0 °C: 1.8 SDS [0.7; 2.9]). A susceptibility period from weeks 1-7 was identified for cold exposure and a smaller head circumference at late pregnancy. Cold exposure was associated with a slower head circumference growth from mid to late pregnancy (for 5.5 °C: -0.1 cm/week [-0.2; -0.04]), with a susceptibility period from weeks 4-12. No associations that survived multiple testing correction were found for other foetal or any birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative exposure to cold and heat during pregnancy was associated with changes in foetal head circumference throughout gestation, with susceptibility periods for cold during the first pregnancy trimester. No associations were found at birth, suggesting potential recovery. Future research should replicate this study across different climatic regions including varying temperature profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée Essers
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Granés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Delaney
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Susana Santos
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sami Petricola
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiffany C Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Bereziartua
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, IIS Biogipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO- Universitat Jaume I- Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Chen WJ, Rector-Houze AM, Guxens M, Iñiguez C, Swartz MD, Symanski E, Ibarluzea J, Valentin A, Lertxundi A, González-Safont L, Sunyer J, Whitworth KW. Susceptible windows of prenatal and postnatal fine particulate matter exposures and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in early childhood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168806. [PMID: 38016567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Few prior studies have explored windows of susceptibility to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in both the prenatal and postnatal periods and children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We analyzed data from 1416 mother-child pairs from the Spanish INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) Study (2003-2008). Around 5 years of age, teachers reported the number of ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) using the ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Around 7 years of age, parents completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scales, from which we evaluated the ADHD index, cognitive problems/inattention, hyperactivity, and oppositional subscales, reported as age- and sex-standardized T-scores. Daily residential PM2.5 exposures were estimated using a two-stage random forest model with temporal back-extrapolation and averaged over 1-week periods in the prenatal period and 4-week periods in the postnatal period. We applied distributed lag non-linear models within the Bayesian hierarchical model framework to identify susceptible windows of prenatal or postnatal exposure to PM2.5 (per 5-μg/m3) for ADHD symptoms. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates, and cumulative effects were reported by aggregating risk ratios (RRcum) or effect estimates (βcum) across adjacent susceptible windows. A similar susceptible period of exposure to PM2.5 (1.2-2.9 and 0.9-2.7 years of age, respectively) was identified for hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms assessed ~5 years (RRcum = 2.72, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 1.98, 3.74) and increased hyperactivity subscale ~7 years (βcum = 3.70, 95% CrI = 2.36, 5.03). We observed a susceptibility period to PM2.5 on risk of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms ~5 years in gestational weeks 16-22 (RRcum = 1.36, 95% CrI = 1.22, 1.52). No associations between PM2.5 exposure and other ADHD symptoms were observed. We report consistent evidence of toddlerhood as a susceptible window of PM2.5 exposure for hyperactivity in young children. Although mid-pregnancy was identified as a susceptible period of exposure on hyperactivity symptoms in preschool-aged children, this association was not observed at the time children were school-aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Rector-Houze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Llúcia González-Safont
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristina W Whitworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Sun H, Sun Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Xing H, Wang J. Mapping individual structural covariance network in development brain with dynamic time warping. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae039. [PMID: 38342688 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A conspicuous property of brain development or maturity is coupled with coordinated or synchronized brain structural co-variation. However, there is still a lack of effective approach to map individual structural covariance network. Here, we developed a novel individual structural covariance network method using dynamic time warping algorithm and applied it to delineate developmental trajectories of topological organizations of structural covariance network from childhood to early adulthood with a large sample of 655 individuals from Human Connectome Project-Development dataset. We found that the individual structural covariance network exhibited small-worldness property and the network global topological characteristics including small-worldness, global efficiency, local efficiency, and modularity linearly increase with age while the shortest path length linearly decreases with age. The nodal topological properties including betweenness and degree increased with age in language and emotion regulation related brain areas, while it decreased with age mainly in visual cortex, sensorimotor area, and hippocampus. Moreover, the topological attributes of structural covariance network as features could predict the age of each individual. Taken together, our results demonstrate that dynamic time warping can effectively map individual structural covariance network to uncover the developmental trajectories of network topology, which may facilitate future investigations to establish the links of structural co-variations with respect to cognition and disease vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qinyao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyang Xing
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- School of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
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11
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Barresi M, Hickmott RA, Bosakhar A, Quezada S, Quigley A, Kawasaki H, Walker D, Tolcos M. Toward a better understanding of how a gyrified brain develops. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae055. [PMID: 38425213 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and shape of the cerebral cortex have changed dramatically across evolution. For some species, the cortex remains smooth (lissencephalic) throughout their lifetime, while for other species, including humans and other primates, the cortex increases substantially in size and becomes folded (gyrencephalic). A folded cortex boasts substantially increased surface area, cortical thickness, and neuronal density, and it is therefore associated with higher-order cognitive abilities. The mechanisms that drive gyrification in some species, while others remain lissencephalic despite many shared neurodevelopmental features, have been a topic of investigation for many decades, giving rise to multiple perspectives of how the gyrified cerebral cortex acquires its unique shape. Recently, a structurally unique germinal layer, known as the outer subventricular zone, and the specialized cell type that populates it, called basal radial glial cells, were identified, and these have been shown to be indispensable for cortical expansion and folding. Transcriptional analyses and gene manipulation models have provided an invaluable insight into many of the key cellular and genetic drivers of gyrification. However, the degree to which certain biomechanical, genetic, and cellular processes drive gyrification remains under investigation. This review considers the key aspects of cerebral expansion and folding that have been identified to date and how theories of gyrification have evolved to incorporate this new knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Barresi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Ryan Alexander Hickmott
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Abdulhameed Bosakhar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Sebastian Quezada
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - David Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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12
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Hinnekens E, Berret B, Morard E, Do MC, Barbu-Roth M, Teulier C. Optimization of modularity during development to simplify walking control across multiple steps. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 17:1340298. [PMID: 38343616 PMCID: PMC10853381 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1340298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Walking in adults relies on a small number of modules, reducing the number of degrees of freedom that needs to be regulated by the central nervous system (CNS). While walking in toddlers seems to also involve a small number of modules when considering averaged or single-step data, toddlers produce a high amount of variability across strides, and the extent to which this variability interacts with modularity remains unclear. Methods Electromyographic activity from 10 bilateral lower limb muscles was recorded in both adults (n = 12) and toddlers (n = 12) over 8 gait cycles. Toddlers were recorded while walking independently and while being supported by an adult. This condition was implemented to assess if motor variability persisted with reduced balance constraints, suggesting a potential central origin rather than reliance on peripheral regulations. We used non-negative matrix factorization to model the underlying modular command with the Space-by-Time Decomposition method, with or without averaging data, and compared the modular organization of toddlers and adults during multiple walking strides. Results Toddlers were more variable in both conditions (i.e. independent walking and supported by an adult) and required significantly more modules to account for their greater stride-by-stride variability. Activations of these modules varied more across strides and were less parsimonious compared to adults, even with diminished balance constraints. Discussion The findings suggest that modular control of locomotion evolves between toddlerhood and adulthood as the organism develops and practices. Adults seem to be able to generate several strides of walking with less modules than toddlers. The persistence of variability in toddlers when balance constraints were lowered suggests a link with the ability to explore rather than with corrective mechanisms. In conclusion, the capacity of new walkers to flexibly activate their motor command suggests a broader range of possible actions, though distinguishing between modular and non-modular inputs remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hinnekens
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Bastien Berret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Estelle Morard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Manh-Cuong Do
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Marianne Barbu-Roth
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Teulier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orléans, France
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13
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Getachew B, Hauser SR, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Sari Y, Tizabi Y. Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:11881. [PMID: 38322648 PMCID: PMC10846679 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, commonly referred to as the "gut-brain-axis" is crucial in maintaining overall physiological homeostasis. Gut microbiota development and brain maturation (neuronal connectivity and plasticity) appear to be synchronized and to follow the same timeline during childhood (immature), adolescence (expansion) and adulthood (completion). It is important to note that the mesolimbic reward circuitry develops early on, whereas the maturation of the inhibitory frontal cortical neurons is delayed. This imbalance can lead to increased acquirement of reward-seeking and risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, and consequently eventuate in heightened risk for substance abuse. Thus, there is high initiation of alcohol drinking in early adolescence that significantly increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood. The underlying causes for heightened AUD risk are not well understood. It is suggested that alcohol-associated gut microbiota impairment during adolescence plays a key role in AUD neurodevelopment in adulthood. Furthermore, alcohol-induced dysregulation of microglia, either directly or indirectly through interaction with gut microbiota, may be a critical neuroinflammatory pathway leading to neurodevelopmental impairments and AUD. In this review article, we highlight the influence of adolescent alcohol drinking on gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and microglia, and eventual manifestation of AUD. Furthermore, novel therapeutic interventions via gut microbiota manipulations are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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14
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Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos D, Paradis J, Klöcker A, Saussez G, Demas J, Bailly R, Bouvier S, Carton de Tournai A, Herman E, Souki A, Le Gal G, Nowak E, Sizonenko SV, Newman CJ, Dinomais M, Riquelme I, Guzzetta A, Brochard S, Bleyenheuft Y. Changes Induced by Early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Young Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:19-28. [PMID: 37930692 PMCID: PMC10628844 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Intensive interventions are provided to young children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), classically focused on the upper extremity despite the frequent impairment of gross motor function. Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) effectively improves manual dexterity and gross motor function in school-aged children. Objective To verify if HABIT-ILE would improve manual abilities in young children with UCP more than usual motor activity. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective randomized clinical trial (November 2018 to December 2021), including 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation, recruitment took place at European university hospitals, cerebral palsy specialized centers, and spontaneous applications at 3 sites: Brussels, Belgium; Brest, France; and Pisa, Italy. Matched (age at inclusion, lesion type, cause of cerebral palsy, and affected side) pairs randomization was performed. Young children were assessed at baseline (T0), 2 weeks after baseline (T1), and 3 months after baseline (T2). Health care professionals and assessors of main outcomes were blinded to group allocation. At least 23 young children (in each group) aged 12 to 59 months with spastic/dyskinetic UCP and able to follow instructions were needed. Exclusion criteria included uncontrolled seizures, scheduled botulinum toxin injections, orthopedic surgery scheduled during the 6 months before or during the study period, severe visual/cognitive impairments, or contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging. Interventions Two weeks of usual motor activity including usual rehabilitation (control group) vs 2 weeks (50 hours) of HABIT-ILE (HABIT-ILE group). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome: Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA); secondary outcomes: Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Results Of 50 recruited young children (26 girls [52%], median age; 35.3 months for HABIT-ILE group; median age, 32.8 months for control group), 49 were included in the final analyses. Change in AHA score from T0 to T2 was significantly greater in the HABIT-ILE group (adjusted mean score difference [MD], 5.19; 95% CI, 2.84-7.55; P < .001). Changes in GMFM-66 (MD, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.66-6.78), PEDI-CAT daily activities (MD, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.29-2.51), COPM performance (MD, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.91-4.32), and satisfaction (MD, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.70-4.36) scores were greater in the HABIT ILE group. Conclusions and Relevance In this clinical trial, early HABIT-ILE was shown to be an effective treatment to improve motor performance in young children with UCP. Moreover, the improvements had an impact on daily life activities of these children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04020354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Araneda
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Ebner-Karestinos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julie Paradis
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Klöcker
- Haute Ecole Léonard de Vinci, Parnasse-ISEI, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geoffroy Saussez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Forme et Fonctionnement Humain Unit, Department of Motor Sciences, CeREF - Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, Belgium
| | - Josselin Demas
- Université d’Angers, Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS) – EA7315 F-49000 France
- Instituts de formation du Centre Hospitalier de Laval, Laval, France
| | - Rodolphe Bailly
- INSERM UMR 1101, LaTIM, Brest, France
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Fondation Ildys, Brest, France
| | - Sandra Bouvier
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Fondation Ildys, Brest, France
- Western Brittany University, Brest, France
| | | | - Enimie Herman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Grégoire Le Gal
- University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- INSERM CIC 1412, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuel Nowak
- University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- INSERM CIC 1412, Brest, France
| | - Stephane V. Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Newman
- Paediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Dinomais
- Université d’Angers, Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS) – EA7315 F-49000 France
- CHU Angers, Département de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptions, CHU Angers-Capucins, F- 49933, France
| | - Inmaculada Riquelme
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy and Research Institute on Health Sciences (UINICS-Idisba), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sylvain Brochard
- INSERM UMR 1101, LaTIM, Brest, France
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Fondation Ildys, Brest, France
- Western Brittany University, Brest, France
- University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yannick Bleyenheuft
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Toma AI, Dima V, Alexe A, Rusu L, Nemeș AF, Gonț BF, Arghirescu A, Necula A, Fieraru A, Stoiciu R. Correlations between Head Ultrasounds Performed at Term-Equivalent Age in Premature Neonates and General Movements Neurologic Examination Patterns. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 38255661 PMCID: PMC10821082 DOI: 10.3390/life14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Our research aims to find correlations between the brain imaging performed at term-corrected age and the atypical general movement (GM) patterns noticed during the same visit a-cramped-synchronized (CS) or poor repertoire (PR)-in formerly premature neonates to provide evidence for the structures involved in the modulation of GM patterns that could be injured and result in the appearance of these patterns and further deficits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 preterm neonates ((mean GA, 33.59 weeks (+2.43 weeks)) were examined in the follow-up program at Life Memorial Hospital Bucharest at term-equivalent age (TEA). The GM and ultrasound examinations were performed by trained and certified specialists. Three GM pattens were noted (normal, PR, or CS), and the measurements of the following cerebral structures were conducted via head ultrasounds: ventricular index, the short and long axes of the lateral ventricles, the midbody distance of the lateral ventricle, the diagonal of the caudate nucleus, the width of the basal ganglia, the width of the interhemispheric fissure, the sinocortical width, the length and thickness of the callosal body, the anteroposterior diameter of the pons, the diameter of the vermis, and the transverse diameters of the cerebellum and vermis. The ultrasound measurements were compared between the groups in order to find statistically significant correlations by using the FANOVA test (significance p < 0.05). RESULTS The presence of the CS movement pattern was significantly associated with an increased ventricular index (mean 11.36 vs. 8.90; p = 0.032), increased midbody distance of the lateral ventricle-CS versus PR (8.31 vs. 3.73; p = 0.001); CS versus normal (8.31 vs. 3.34; p = 0.001), increased long and short axes of the lateral ventricles (p < 0.001), and decreased width of the basal ganglia-CS versus PR (11.07 vs. 15.69; p = 0.001); CS versus normal pattern (11.07 vs. 15.15; p = 0.0010). The PR movement pattern was significantly associated with an increased value of the sinocortical width when compared to the CS pattern (p < 0.001) and a decreased anteroposterior diameter of the pons when compared to both the CS (12.06 vs. 16.83; p = 0.001) and normal (12.06 vs. 16.78; p = 0.001) patterns. The same correlations were present when the subgroup of infants with a GA ≤ 32 weeks was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that there are correlations between atypical GM patterns (cramped-synchronized-CS and poor repertoire-PR) and abnormalities in the dimensions of the structures measured via ultrasound at the term-equivalent age. The correlations could provide information about the structures that are affected and could lead to a lack of modulation in the GM patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ioan Toma
- Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania (B.F.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Dima
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Neonatology Department, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Lidia Rusu
- Regional Center of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Floriana Nemeș
- Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania (B.F.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Andreea Necula
- Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania (B.F.G.)
| | - Alina Fieraru
- Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania (B.F.G.)
| | - Roxana Stoiciu
- Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania (B.F.G.)
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16
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Shin HI, Park MW, Lee WH. Spontaneous movements as prognostic tool of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a narrative review. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:458-464. [PMID: 37202346 PMCID: PMC10626027 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated 15 million infants are born prematurely each year. Although the survival rate of preterm infants has increased with advances in perinatal and neonatal care, many still experience various complications. Since improving the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm births is a crucial topic, accurate evaluations should be performed to detect infants at high risk of cerebral palsy. General movements are spontaneous movements involving the whole body as the expression of neural activity and can be an excellent biomarker of neural dysfunction caused by brain impairment in preterm infants. The predictive value of general movements with respect to cerebral palsy increases with continuous observation. Automated approaches to examining general movements based on machine learning can help overcome the limited utilization of assessment tools owing to their qualitative or semiquantitative nature and high dependence on assessor skills and experience. This review covers each of these topics by summarizing normal and abnormal general movements as well as recent advances in automatic approaches based on infantile spontaneous movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Iee Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Woo Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Schinz D, Schmitz‐Koep B, Zimmermann J, Brandes E, Tahedl M, Menegaux A, Dukart J, Zimmer C, Wolke D, Daamen M, Boecker H, Bartmann P, Sorg C, Hedderich DM. Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature-born adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5125-5138. [PMID: 37608591 PMCID: PMC10502650 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co-localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature-born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full-term born young adults, being assessed by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and IQ testing. Normative molecular imaging dopamine neurotransmission maps were derived from independent healthy control groups. We computed the co-localization of local (rs-fMRI) activity alterations in premature-born adults with respect to term-born individuals to different measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. We performed selectivity analyses regarding other neuromodulatory systems and MRI measures. In addition, we tested if the strength of the co-localization is related to perinatal measures and IQ. We found selectively altered co-localization of rs-fMRI activity in the premature-born cohort with dopamine-2/3-receptor availability in premature-born adults. Alterations were specific for the dopaminergic system but not for the used MRI measure. The strength of the co-localization was negatively correlated with IQ. In line with animal studies, our findings support the notion of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in prematurity which is associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schinz
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Benita Schmitz‐Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juliana Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Elin Brandes
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marlene Tahedl
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineBrain & Behaviour (INM‐7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dennis M. Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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18
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Tanner K, O'Rourke S, Cunningham K, Duffin V, Maitre N. Implementing Parent Coaching in Hospital-Based Pediatric Occupational Therapy: A Multisite Quality Improvement Project. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7705205120. [PMID: 37756516 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Parent coaching (PC) is a best practice for young children with, or at high risk for, cerebral palsy (CP). Occupational therapy practitioners in outpatient settings encounter barriers to implementing PC. OBJECTIVE To increase the documented use of PC in outpatient occupational therapy visits for children younger than age 2 yr with, or at high risk for, CP from 0% to 80%. DESIGN Multicenter quality improvement (QI) initiative with a time-series design. SETTING Three pediatric tertiary-care institutions, each with multiple outpatient occupational therapy clinics. PARTICIPANTS Practitioners in the outpatient clinics and patients <2 yr old with, or at high risk for, cerebral palsy. INTERVENTION Plan-do-study-act cycles included interventions packaged as a toolkit: education sessions, quick references, electronic medical record (EMR) supports, and site-specific strategies. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the use of PC in outpatient sessions. Process measures included pre- and posteducation practitioner knowledge scores and an EMR checklist. Balancing measures (ensuring that changes do not cause problems in other areas) of parent satisfaction/experience and practitioner productivity were measured pre- and postintervention. RESULTS The primary outcome measure goal (80% documented use of PC in sessions) was attained in the seventh month of the study, sustained for 4 mo, and settled at 79.1% for the remaining 6 mo. Practitioner knowledge scores increased from 83.1% to 87.9% after initial education sessions, t[56] = 3.289, p = .001. Parent satisfaction/experience and practitioner productivity scores did not change. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE QI methodology can support PC implementation in pediatric outpatient practice. What This Article Adds: This multisite QI initiative shows that outpatient occupational therapy practitioners can implement PC as a best practice with the use of a toolkit. Results suggest that education alone does not result in changes to practitioner behavior and that QI methods can help when implementing best practices in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Tanner
- Kelly Tanner, PhD, OTR/L, BCP, is Clinical Therapies Research Scientist, Division of Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH;
| | - Sara O'Rourke
- Sara O'Rourke, MOT, OTR/L, BCP, is Outpatient Occupational Therapy Program Manager, Division of Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristin Cunningham
- Kristin Cunningham, MS, OTR/L, BCP, is Clinical Specialist, Occupational Therapy Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Valerie Duffin
- Valerie Duffin, MOT, OTR/L, is Rehab Manager, Primary Children's Rehab, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nathalie Maitre
- Nathalie Maitre, MD, PhD, is Professor and Director of Early Development and Cerebral Palsy Research, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
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19
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Ryan M, Cruz G, Upton R, Chaplin T. Observed Parenting and Adolescent Brain Structure. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:299-313. [PMID: 37665378 PMCID: PMC10860385 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2254872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Parent-youth relationships and parenting are critically important to adolescents' development. The present study examined associations between parenting behaviors (which included observed parent emotion expression and negative and positive parenting behaviors during a parent-adolescent interaction) and adolescent brain structure, and sex differences in associations, in 66 12-14 year-olds. The study found that 1) among all adolescents in the sample, greater parent negative emotion expression in parent-youth interactions was associated with greater adolescent gray matter volume (GMV) in the left hippocampus, 2) parent positive emotion expression was not associated with adolescent GMV, 3) several associations differed by sex. These findings suggest that parenting is important for adolescent brain structure and future work should consider this by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ryan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Geraldine Cruz
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Rachel Upton
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Tara Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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20
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Hinnekens E, Barbu-Roth M, Do MC, Berret B, Teulier C. Generating variability from motor primitives during infant locomotor development. eLife 2023; 12:e87463. [PMID: 37523218 PMCID: PMC10390046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor variability is a fundamental feature of developing systems allowing motor exploration and learning. In human infants, leg movements involve a small number of basic coordination patterns called locomotor primitives, but whether and when motor variability could emerge from these primitives remains unknown. Here we longitudinally followed 18 infants on 2-3 time points between birth (~4 days old) and walking onset (~14 months old) and recorded the activity of their leg muscles during locomotor or rhythmic movements. Using unsupervised machine learning, we show that the structure of trial-to-trial variability changes during early development. In the neonatal period, infants own a minimal number of motor primitives but generate a maximal motor variability across trials thanks to variable activations of these primitives. A few months later, toddlers generate significantly less variability despite the existence of more primitives due to more regularity within their activation. These results suggest that human neonates initiate motor exploration as soon as birth by variably activating a few basic locomotor primitives that later fraction and become more consistently activated by the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hinnekens
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Marianne Barbu-Roth
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Manh-Cuong Do
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Bastien Berret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Teulier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
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21
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Lear CA, Maeda Y, King VJ, Dhillon SK, Beacom MJ, Gunning MI, Lear BA, Davidson JO, Stone PR, Ikeda T, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in fetal sheep after hypoxia-ischaemia: A biomarker of evolving brain injury. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37432936 DOI: 10.1113/jp284560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and severe neurodevelopmental disability in survivors, including cerebral palsy, although there are no reliable biomarkers to detect at risk fetuses that may have suffered a transient period of severe HI. We investigated time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) for 3 weeks after HI in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (equivalent to preterm humans) until 0.8 gestation (equivalent to term humans). We have previously shown that this is associated with delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury, including cystic white matter injury (WMI) resembling that observed in human preterm infants. HI was associated with suppression of time and frequency domain measures of FHRV and reduced their circadian rhythmicity during the first 3 days of recovery. By contrast, circadian rhythms of multiple measures of FHRV were exaggerated over the final 2 weeks of recovery, mediated by a greater reduction in FHRV during the morning nadir, but no change in the evening peak. These data suggest that the time of day at which FHRV measurements are taken affects their diagnostic utility. We further propose that circadian changes in FHRV may be a low-cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury. KEY POINTS: Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and probably for disability in survivors, although there are no reliable biomarkers for antenatal brain injury. In preterm fetal sheep, acute HI that is known to lead to delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury over 3 weeks, was associated with early suppression of multiple time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) and loss of their circadian rhythms during the first 3 days after HI. Over the final 2 weeks of recovery after HI, exaggerated circadian rhythms of frequency domain FHRV measures were observed. The morning nadirs were lower with no change in the evening peak of FHRV. Circadian changes in FHRV may be a low-cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lear
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Victoria J King
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K Dhillon
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Beacom
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark I Gunning
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin A Lear
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Stone
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Kotsiri I, Resta P, Spyrantis A, Panotopoulos C, Chaniotis D, Beloukas A, Magiorkinis E. Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1345. [PMID: 37376644 DOI: 10.3390/v15061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Viral infections have been suggested to be one of the environmental factors associated with the development of this disorder. We comprehensively review all relevant published literature focusing on the relationship between schizophrenia and various viral infections, such as influenza virus, herpes virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), retrovirus, coronavirus, and Borna virus. These viruses may interfere with the normal maturation of the brain directly or through immune-induced mediators, such as cytokines, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Changes in the expression of critical genes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been linked to virally-induced infections and relevant immune activities in schizophrenia. Future research is necessary to understand this relationship better and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kotsiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Spyrantis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklipeion General Hospital, Voulas, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Chaniotis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- National AIDS Reference Centre of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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23
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Frazier AP, Mitchell DN, Given KS, Hunn G, Burch AM, Childs CR, Moreno-Garcia M, Corigilano MR, Quillinan N, Macklin WB, Herson PS, Dingman AL. Chronic changes in oligodendrocyte sub-populations after middle cerebral artery occlusion in neonatal mice. Glia 2023; 71:1429-1450. [PMID: 36794545 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal stroke is common and causes life-long motor and cognitive sequelae. Because neonates with stroke are not diagnosed until days-months after the injury, chronic targets for repair are needed. We evaluated oligodendrocyte maturity and myelination and assessed oligodendrocyte gene expression changes using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) at chronic timepoints in a mouse model of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Mice underwent 60 min of transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on postnatal day 10 (p10) and received 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) on post-MCAO days 3-7 to label dividing cells. Animals were sacrificed 14 and 28-30 days post-MCAO for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Oligodendrocytes were isolated from striatum 14 days post-MCAO for scRNA seq and differential gene expression analysis. The density of Olig2+ EdU+ cells was significantly increased in ipsilateral striatum 14 days post-MCAO and the majority of oligodendrocytes were immature. Density of Olig2+ EdU+ cells declined significantly between 14 and 28 days post-MCAO without a concurrent increase in mature Olig2+ EdU+ cells. By 28 days post-MCAO there were significantly fewer myelinated axons in ipsilateral striatum. scRNA seq identified a cluster of "disease associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs)" specific to the ischemic striatum, with increased expression of MHC class I genes. Gene ontology analysis suggested decreased enrichment of pathways involved in myelin production in the reactive cluster. Oligodendrocytes proliferate 3-7 days post-MCAO and persist at 14 days, but fail to mature by 28 days. MCAO induces a subset of oligodendrocytes with reactive phenotype, which may be a therapeutic target to promote white matter repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Frazier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danae N Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katherine S Given
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve Hunn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amelia M Burch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine R Childs
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Myriam Moreno-Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Corigilano
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andra L Dingman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Lucaccioni L, Palandri L, Passini E, Trevisani V, Calandra Buonaura F, Bertoncelli N, Talucci G, Ferrari A, Ferrari E, Predieri B, Facchinetti F, Iughetti L, Righi E. Perinatal and postnatal exposure to phthalates and early neurodevelopment at 6 months in healthy infants born at term. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172743. [PMID: 37293488 PMCID: PMC10244530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals largely used as plasticizers and considered ubiquitous pollutants with endocrine disrupting activity. The exposure during sensible temporal windows as pregnancy and early childhood, may influence physiological neurodevelopment. Aims and Scope The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites in newborn and infants and the global development measured by the Griffiths Scales of Children Development (GSCD) at six months. Methods Longitudinal cohort study in healthy Italian term newborn and their mothers from birth to the first 6 months of life. Urine samples were collected at respectively 0 (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6) months, and around the delivery for mothers. Urine samples were analyzed for a total of 7 major phthalate metabolites of 5 of the most commonly used phthalates. At six months of age a global child development assessment using the third edition of the Griffith Scales of Child Development (GSCD III) was performed in 104 participants. Results In a total of 387 urine samples, the seven metabolites analyzed appeared widespread and were detected in most of the urine samples collected at any time of sampling (66-100%). At six months most of the Developmental Quotients (DQs) falls in average range, except for the subscale B, which presents a DQ median score of 87 (85-95). Adjusted linear regressions between DQs and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in mothers at T0 and in infants at T0, T3 and T6 identified several negative associations both for infants' and mothers especially for DEHP and MBzP. Moreover, once stratified by children's sex, negative associations were found in boys while positive in girls. Conclusions Phthalates exposure is widespread, especially for not regulated compounds. Urinary phthalate metabolites were found to be associated to GSCD III scores, showing inverse association with higher phthalate levels related to lower development scores. Our data suggested differences related to the child's sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucaccioni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Palandri
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Passini
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Viola Trevisani
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Natascia Bertoncelli
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talucci
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Righi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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25
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LaForce GR, Philippidou P, Schaffer AE. mRNA isoform balance in neuronal development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1762. [PMID: 36123820 PMCID: PMC10024649 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Balanced mRNA isoform diversity and abundance are spatially and temporally regulated throughout cellular differentiation. The proportion of expressed isoforms contributes to cell type specification and determines key properties of the differentiated cells. Neurons are unique cell types with intricate developmental programs, characteristic cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological potential. Neuron-specific gene expression programs establish these distinctive cellular characteristics and drive diversity among neuronal subtypes. Genes with neuron-specific alternative processing are enriched in key neuronal functions, including synaptic proteins, adhesion molecules, and scaffold proteins. Despite the similarity of neuronal gene expression programs, each neuronal subclass can be distinguished by unique alternative mRNA processing events. Alternative processing of developmentally important transcripts alters coding and regulatory information, including interaction domains, transcript stability, subcellular localization, and targeting by RNA binding proteins. Fine-tuning of mRNA processing is essential for neuronal activity and maintenance. Thus, the focus of neuronal RNA biology research is to dissect the transcriptomic mechanisms that underlie neuronal homeostasis, and consequently, predispose neuronal subtypes to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneva R LaForce
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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26
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Agues-Barbosa T, de Souza AM, de Lima JNG, Luchiari AC. Long-term behavioral alterations following embryonic alcohol exposure in three zebrafish populations. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:174-183. [PMID: 37120037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol exposure may lead to a condition known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which comprises a set of consequences, including cognitive and behavioral impairments. Although zebrafish has been applied as a reliable model for studying FASD, there is no approach to the disorder's ontogeny and population differences. Here, we evaluated the behavioral outcomes of AB, Outbred (OB), and Tübingen (TU) zebrafish populations embryonically exposed to alcohol throughout the development to the adult stage. We exposed 24hpf eggs to 0%, 0.5%, or 1.0% alcohol for 2h. Fish were let grow and locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors were tested in a novel tank at larval - 6dpf, juvenile - 45dpf, and adult- 90dpf stages. At 6dpf, both AB and OB treated with 1.0% alcohol showed hyperactivity, while 0.5% and 1.0% TU fish exhibited hypolocomotion. At 45dpf, AB and TU fish maintained the larval pattern of locomotion. At the adult stage - 90dpf, both AB and TU populations showed increased locomotor activity and anxiogenic responses, while the OB population did not show altered behavior. Our results show for the first time that zebrafish populations exhibit behavioral differences in response to embryonic alcohol exposure and that it varies along animals' ontogeny. AB fish showed the most consistent behavioral pattern through developmental stages, TU fish showed behavioral changes only in adulthood, and OB population showed high interindividual variability. These data reinforce that different populations of zebrafish are better adapted to translational studies, offering reliable results in contrast to domesticated OB populations obtained from farms, which exhibit more variable genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Agues-Barbosa
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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27
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Klevberg GL, Zucknick M, Jahnsen R, Eliasson AC. Development of Hand Use with and Without Intensive Training Among Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy in Scandinavia. Dev Neurorehabil 2023; 26:163-171. [PMID: 36945898 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2193256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe hand use development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy who did/did not participate in constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) before 7 years of age. METHOD The study included 334 participants (18 months-12 years) who were assessed with 1,565 Assisting Hand Assessments (AHAs) and categorized into no intensive training (NIT), CIMT (18 months-7 years), and Baby-CIMT (<18 months) groups. RESULTS AHA performance at 18 months (AHA-18) was positively associated with development regardless of training. The CIMT group had lower AHA-18 performance than the NIT group (p = .028), but higher stable limit (p = .076). The age when 90% of development was reached was highest in the CIMT group (p = .014). Although non-significant, the Baby-CIMT group had higher mean curve than NIT and CIMT combined (AHA-18 p = .459, limit p = .477). CONCLUSION The CIMT group improved more over time than the NIT group. Intensive training extended the window of development, and Baby-CIMT might promote early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunvor L Klevberg
- Department of Neurosciences in Children, Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Jahnsen
- Department of Neurosciences in Children, Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Christin Eliasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Hall AM, Ramos AM, Drover SS, Choi G, Keil AP, Richardson DB, Martin CL, Olshan AF, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Øvergaard KR, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114078. [PMID: 36455478 PMCID: PMC9898152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is a leading neurodevelopmental disorder in children worldwide; however, few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous chemical compounds that are increasingly prevalent as a replacement for other regulated chemicals. Current research has linked OPEs to neurodevelopmental deficits. The purpose of this study was to assess gestational OPE exposure on clinically-assessed ADHD in children at age 3 years. METHODS In this nested case-control study within the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study, we evaluated the impact of OPE exposure at 17 weeks' gestation on preschool-age ADHD. Between 2007 and 2011, 260 ADHD cases were identified using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and compared to a birth-year-stratified control group of 549 children. We categorized bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) as values < limit of detection (LOD) (BBOEP N = 386, BDCIPP N = 632), ≥LOD but < limit of quantification (LOQ) (BBOEP N = 413; BDCIPP N = 75), or above LOQ (BBOEP N = 70; BDCIPP N = 102). Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP) were categorized as quartiles and also modeled with a log10 linear term. We estimated multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression and examined modification by sex using an augmented product term approach. RESULTS Mothers in the 3rd DnBP quartile had 1.71 times the odds of having a child with ADHD compared to the 1st quartile (95%CI: 1.13, 2.58); a similar trend was observed for log10 DnBP and ADHD. Mothers with BDCIPP ≥ LOD but < LOQ had 1.39 times the odds of having a child with ADHD compared to those with BDCIPP < LOD (95%CI: 0.83, 2.31). Girls had lower odds of ADHD with increasing BBOEP exposure (log10 OR: 0.55 (95%CI: 0.37, 0.93), however boys had a weakly increased odds (log10 OR: 1.25 (95%CI: 0.74, 2.11) p-interaction = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS We found modest increased odds of preschool ADHD with higher DnBP and BDCIPP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Amanda M Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Samantha Sm Drover
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chantel L Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R Øvergaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Shan Y, Liu P, Zhou Y, Ding X, Liu H, Yang J. Prenatal Sevoflurane Exposure Impairs the Learning and Memory of Rat Offspring via HMGB1-Induced NLRP3/ASC Inflammasome Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:699-708. [PMID: 36718586 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on the immature nervous system have aroused public concern, but the specific effects and mechanism remain poorly understood. Pyroptosis caused by the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is pivotal for cell survival and acts as a key player in cognitive impairment. This study was carried out to determine the critical role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. On gestational day 20 (G20), 3% sevoflurane was administered for 4 h to pregnant rats. The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the offspring were harvested at postnatal day 1 (P1) for Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Pregnant rat sevoflurane exposure increased the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase 1 (p20), mature-IL-1β (m-IL-1β), and HMGB1 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of offspring rats. More microglial cells of offspring were also observed after sevoflurane anesthesia. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was implemented to evaluate cognitive function from postnatal day 30 (P30) to postnatal 35 (P35) of offspring. The sevoflurane-treated offspring took longer than the control rats to find the MWM platform during the learning phase. Furthermore, they had a longer travel distance and less time in the target quadrant than the control rats in the probe trial. Maternal intraperitoneal injection of glycyrrhizin (an inhibitor of HMGB1) attenuated the sevoflurane-induced microglia and NLRP3/ASC inflammasome activation and cognitive impairment of offspring. Simultaneously, the sevoflurane-induced increase in Toll-like receptors (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was significantly reduced by glycyrrhizin. We concluded that the HMGB1 inhibitor may repress the sevoflurane-induced activation of the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome and cognitive dysfunction and that TLR4/NF-κB signaling maybe the key pathway, at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Panmiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang110000, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
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Szkoda L, Szopa A, Kwiecień-Czerwieniec I, Siwiec A, Domagalska-Szopa M. Body Composition in Outpatient Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:281-291. [PMID: 36718145 PMCID: PMC9883993 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s393484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative (BMI z-score and BMI percentile) and qualitative (BC) differences between high functioning outpatient children with CP (GMFCS levels I/II) vs TD children, using BIA. We hypothesized that: 1) BMI z-score and BMI percentile will be lower in children with CP compared with their TD peers; and 2) body components (BC) directly associated with muscle mass (including fat free mass (FFM%) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and predicted muscle mass (PMM)) in children with CP will be lower than in their TD peers. Patients and Methods Ninety children with CP (GMFCS levels I/II) aged 8-16 years were enrolled in this study. Due to the fact that there is lack of normative values of particular body components in the pediatric population, ninety typically developing (TD) peers were used as references. The examination consisted of two parts: 1) the height measurement and 2) body composition assessments, both using the bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Results Average values for height, weight, BMI z-score, and BMI percentile in children with CP were significantly statistically lower than in the reference group. BC's directly associated with muscle mass (including FFM%, SMM, and PMM) in children with CP were lower than those in their TD peers. Conclusion Altered body compositions were evident in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawia Szkoda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szopa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Siwiec
- John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa
- Department of Developmental Age Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,Correspondence: Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa, Department of Developmental Age Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland, Tel +48 601 516 725, Email
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31
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The development of hand, foot, trunk, hearing, and visual lateral preference throughout the lifespan. Neuropsychologia 2023; 178:108444. [PMID: 36502930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the developmental process of five lateral preference dimensions (hand, foot, trunk, hearing, and visual preference). A total of 1236 volunteers participated in this study, divided into five age groups: 07-12 (n = 247); 13-17 (n = 234); 18-30 (n = 227); 31-60 (n = 225); and 61-90 years old (n = 303). Lateral preference was assessed via questionnaire with the Global Lateral Preference Inventory. By assessing the degree and direction of lateral preference in different ages, our results revealed a pattern of lateralization strengthening with aging in all the analyzed dimensions. We also verified significant correlation between hand preference and the other dimensions for all age groups, but correlation was stronger in the 7-12 group for all correlation pairs. Our results lead to the suggestion of an underlying general lateralization process in early ages (7-12 years old) followed by specific developmental trajectories of each preference dimension (13 years forward), likely startled by hemisphere and functional specialization related to innate developmental patterns of neural structures and social/environmental influences.
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Alatorre-Cruz GC, Andres A, Gu Y, Downs H, Hagood D, Sorensen ST, Williams DK, Larson-Prior LJ. Impact of feeding habits on the development of language-specific processing of phonemes in brain: An event-related potentials study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1032413. [PMID: 36875846 PMCID: PMC9982124 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1032413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infancy is a stage characterized by multiple brain and cognitive changes. In a short time, infants must consolidate a new brain network and develop two important properties for speech comprehension: phonemic normalization and categorical perception. Recent studies have described diet as an essential factor in normal language development, reporting that breastfed infants show an earlier brain maturity and thus a faster cognitive development. Few studies have described a long-term effect of diet on phonological perception. Methods To explore that effect, we compared the event-related potentials (ERPs) collected during an oddball paradigm (frequent /pa/80%, deviant/ba/20%) of infants fed with breast milk (BF), cow-milk-based formula (MF), and soy-based formula (SF), which were assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of age [Mean across all age groups: 127 BF infants, Mean (M) 39.6 gestation weeks; 121 MF infants, M = 39.16 gestation weeks; 116 SF infants, M = 39.16 gestation weeks]. Results Behavioral differences between dietary groups in acoustic comprehension were observed at 24-months of age. The BF group displayed greater scores than the MF and SF groups. In phonological discrimination task, the ERPs analyses showed that SF group had an electrophysiological pattern associated with difficulties in phonological-stimulus awareness [mismatch negativity (MMN)-2 latency in frontal left regions of interest (ROI) and longer MMN-2 latency in temporal right ROI] and less brain maturity than BF and MF groups. The SF group displayed more right-lateralized brain recruitment in phonological processing at 12-months old. Discussion We conclude that using soy-based formula in a prolonged and frequent manner might trigger a language development different from that observed in the BF or MF groups. The soy-based formula's composition might affect frontal left-brain area development, which is a nodal brain region in phonological-stimuli awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela C Alatorre-Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Aline Andres
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Yuyuan Gu
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Heather Downs
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Darcy Hagood
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Seth T Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - David Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Linda J Larson-Prior
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Psychiatry, Neurology, Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Luo Z, Xia M, Shi W, Zhao C, Wang J, Xin D, Dong X, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Berry K, Ogurek S, Liu X, Rao R, Xing R, Wu LMN, Cui S, Xu L, Lin Y, Ma W, Tian S, Xie Q, Zhang L, Xin M, Wang X, Yue F, Zheng H, Liu Y, Stevenson CB, de Blank P, Perentesis JP, Gilbertson RJ, Li H, Ma J, Zhou W, Taylor MD, Lu QR. Human fetal cerebellar cell atlas informs medulloblastoma origin and oncogenesis. Nature 2022; 612:787-794. [PMID: 36450980 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumour1,2, yet the origin of the most aggressive subgroup-3 form remains elusive, impeding development of effective targeted treatments. Previous analyses of mouse cerebella3-5 have not fully defined the compositional heterogeneity of MBs. Here we undertook single-cell profiling of freshly isolated human fetal cerebella to establish a reference map delineating hierarchical cellular states in MBs. We identified a unique transitional cerebellar progenitor connecting neural stem cells to neuronal lineages in developing fetal cerebella. Intersectional analysis revealed that the transitional progenitors were enriched in aggressive MB subgroups, including group 3 and metastatic tumours. Single-cell multi-omics revealed underlying regulatory networks in the transitional progenitor populations, including transcriptional determinants HNRNPH1 and SOX11, which are correlated with clinical prognosis in group 3 MBs. Genomic and Hi-C profiling identified de novo long-range chromatin loops juxtaposing HNRNPH1/SOX11-targeted super-enhancers to cis-regulatory elements of MYC, an oncogenic driver for group 3 MBs. Targeting the transitional progenitor regulators inhibited MYC expression and MYC-driven group 3 MB growth. Our integrated single-cell atlases of human fetal cerebella and MBs show potential cell populations predisposed to transformation and regulatory circuitries underlying tumour cell states and oncogenesis, highlighting hitherto unrecognized transitional progenitor intermediates predictive of disease prognosis and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhuan Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kalen Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rui Xing
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lai Man Natalie Wu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Siying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkun Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haizi Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yaping Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles B Stevenson
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter de Blank
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John P Perentesis
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Zhang Y, Kuai S, Zhang Y, Xue H, Wu Z, Zhao P. Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects neural stem cell differentiation in offspring rats through NRF2 signaling. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:348-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jang YH, Kim H, Lee JY, Ahn JH, Chung AW, Lee HJ. Altered development of structural MRI connectome hubs at near-term age in very and moderately preterm infants. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5507-5523. [PMID: 36408630 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Preterm infants may exhibit altered developmental patterns of the brain structural network by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which are quantifiable through hub and modular network topologies that develop in the third trimester. Although preterm brain networks can compensate for white matter microstructural abnormalities of core connections, less is known about how the network developmental characteristics of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants. We identified 13 hubs and 4 modules and revealed subtle differences in edgewise connectivity and local network properties between 134 preterm and 76 full-term infants, identifying specific developmental patterns of the brain structural network in preterm infants. The modules of preterm infants showed an imbalanced composition. The edgewise connectivity in preterm infants showed significantly decreased long- and short-range connections and local network properties in the dorsal superior frontal gyrus. In contrast, the fusiform gyrus and several nonhub regions showed significantly increased wiring of short-range connections and local network properties. Our results suggested that decreased local network in the frontal lobe and excessive development in the occipital lobe may contribute to the understanding of brain developmental deviances in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hun Jang
- Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Department of Translational Medicine, , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Department of Translational Medicine, , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Department of Translational Medicine, , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hye Ahn
- Hanyang University College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Wern Chung
- Harvard Medical School Fetal Neonatal-Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, , Boston, MA 02115 , USA
- Harvard Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, , Boston, MA 02115 , USA
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Hanyang University College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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Korkalainen N, Ilvesmäki T, Parkkola R, Perhomaa M, Mäkikallio K. Brain volumes and white matter microstructure in 8- to 10-year-old children born with fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:2388-2400. [PMID: 35460034 PMCID: PMC9616762 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction caused by placental insufficiency is associated with increased risk of poor neurodevelopment, even in the absence of specific perinatal brain injury. Placental insufficiency leads to chronic hypoxaemia that may alter cerebral tissue organisation and maturation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects fetal growth restriction and fetal haemodynamic abnormalities have on brain volumes and white matter microstructure at early school age. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined 32 children born with fetal growth restriction at 24 to 40 gestational weeks, and 27 gestational age-matched children, who were appropriate for gestational age. All children underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the age of 8-10 years. Cerebral volumes were analysed, and tract-based spatial statistics and atlas-based analysis of white matter were performed on 17 children born with fetal growth restriction and 14 children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age. RESULTS Children born with fetal growth restriction demonstrated smaller total intracranial volumes compared to children with normal fetal growth, whereas no significant differences in grey or white matter volumes were detected. On atlas-based analysis of white matter, children born with fetal growth restriction demonstrated higher mean and radial diffusivity values in large white matter tracts when compared to children with normal fetal growth. CONCLUSION Children ages 8-10 years old born with fetal growth restriction demonstrated significant changes in white matter microstructure compared to children who were appropriate for gestational age, even though no differences in grey and white matter volumes were detected. Poor fetal growth may impact white matter maturation and lead to neurodevelopmental impairment later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Korkalainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, PL, Finland.
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tero Ilvesmäki
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Perhomaa
- Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaarin Mäkikallio
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos D, Dricot L, Herman E, Hatem SM, Friel KM, Gordon AM, Bleyenheuft Y. Impact of early brain lesions on the optic radiations in children with cerebral palsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:924938. [PMID: 36278011 PMCID: PMC9583910 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.924938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their early brain lesion, children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) present important changes in brain gray and white matter, often manifested by perturbed sensorimotor functions. We predicted that type and side of the lesion could influence the microstructure of white matter tracts. Using diffusion tensor imaging in 40 children with USCP, we investigated optic radiation (OR) characteristics: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). First, we compared the OR of the lesional and non-lesional hemisphere. Then we evaluated the impact of the brain lesion type (periventricular or cortico-subcortical) and side in the differences observed in the lesional and non-lesional OR. Additionally, we examined the relationship between OR characteristics and performance of a visuospatial attention task. We observed alterations in the OR of children with USCP on the lesional hemisphere compared with the non-lesional hemisphere in the FA, MD and RD. These differences were influenced by the type of lesion and by the side of the lesion. A correlation was also observed between FA, MD and RD and the visuospatial assessment mainly in children with periventricular and right lesions. Our results indicate an important role of the timing and side of the lesion in the resulting features of these children’s OR and probably in the compensation resulting from neuroplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Araneda
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Ebner-Karestinos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurance Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Enimie Herman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Samar M. Hatem
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathleen M. Friel
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
| | - Andrew M. Gordon
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yannick Bleyenheuft
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Yannick Bleyenheuft,
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38
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Abdelkader M, Hammami R, Drury B, Clark N, Sandercock G, Shaw I, Shaw BS, Chortane SG, Moran J. A randomised controlled trial of 1- versus 2-day per week formats of Nordic hamstring training on explosive athletic tasks in prepubertal soccer players. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2173-2181. [PMID: 36383389 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2145737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of volume-equated programmes of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on explosive athletic tasks (30 m sprint, 15 m manoeuvrability and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 10.3 ± 0.5 years). Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 31) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 16) and 2-days (n = 15) per week training conditions, and a control group (n = 14). There were significant group-by-time interactions for 30-m sprint (p < 0.001, d = 0.6), SLJ (p = 0.001, d = 1.27) and 15 m manoeuvrability (p < 0.001, d = 0.61). The experimental group demonstrated small to moderate effect sizes in 30-m sprint (d = 0.42, p = 0.077), SLJ (d = 0.97, p < 0.001) and 15 m manoeuvrability (d = 0.61, p < 0.001). The control group showed small significant performance decrements or no change in these variables. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In two of the three tests (30 m sprint, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. The NHE enhances explosive athletic task performance in prepubertal youth soccer players and there may be only small advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudi Abdelkader
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Universite de La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Universite de La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motor Skills, Sports and Health (EM2S, UR15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ben Drury
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Nicholas Clark
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Ina Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Brandon S Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Universite de La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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Iyer P, Niknam Y, Campbell M, Moran F, Kaufman F, Kim A, Sandy M, Zeise L. Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and
Δ
9
‐tetrahydrocannabinol (
Δ
9
‐THC
) as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); part
II
. Neurodevelopmental effects. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1155-1168. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorni Iyer
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Yassaman Niknam
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Marlissa Campbell
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Francisco Moran
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Farla Kaufman
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Allegra Kim
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Martha Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Sacramento California USA
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Polese D, Riccio ML, Fagioli M, Mazzetta A, Fagioli F, Parisi P, Fagioli M. The Newborn's Reaction to Light as the Determinant of the Brain's Activation at Human Birth. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:933426. [PMID: 36118115 PMCID: PMC9478760 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.933426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuroscience research has not yet fully unveiled the dynamics involved in human birth. The trigger of the first breath, often assumed to be the marker of human life, has not been characterized nor has the process entailing brain modification and activation at birth been clarified yet. To date, few researchers only have investigated the impact of the extrauterine environment, with its strong stimuli, on birth. This ‘hypothesis and theory' article assumes the role of a specific stimulus activating the central nervous system (CNS) at human birth. This stimulus must have specific features though, such as novelty, efficacy, ubiquity, and immediacy. We propose light as a robust candidate for the CNS activation via the retina. Available data on fetal and neonatal neurodevelopment, in particular with reference to retinal light-responsive pathways, will be examined together with the GABA functional switch, and the subplate disappearance, which, at an experimental level, differentiate the neonatal brain from the fetal brain. In this study, we assume how a very rapid activation of retinal photoreceptors at birth initiates a sudden brain shift from the prenatal pattern of functions to the neonatal setup. Our assumption implies the presence of a photoreceptor capable of capturing and transducing light/photon stimulus, transforming it into an effective signal for the activation of new brain functions at birth. Opsin photoreception or, more specifically, melanopsin-dependent photoreception, which is provided by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), is considered as a valid candidate. Although what is assumed herein cannot be verified in humans based on knowledge available so far, proposing an important and novel function can trigger a broad range of diversified research in different domains, from neurophysiology to neurology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polese
- PhD Program on Sensorineural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs NESMOS, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Polese
| | | | - Marcella Fagioli
- Department of Mental Health, National Health System ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mazzetta
- PhD Program on Neuroscience, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fagioli
- Department of Mental Health, National Health System ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs NESMOS, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Klein JA, Haydar TF. Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:941855. [PMID: 35910249 PMCID: PMC9334873 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.941855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great strides have been made over the past 30 years in understanding the neurodevelopmental changes underlying the intellectual disability (ID) in Down syndrome (DS). Detailed studies of human tissue coupled with findings from rodent and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) model systems have uncovered the changes in neurogenesis, synaptic connectivity, and myelination that drive the anatomical and physiological changes resulting in the disability. However, there remain significant conflicting data between human studies and the models. To fully understand the development of ID in DS, these inconsistencies need to be reconciled. Here, we review the well documented neurodevelopmental phenotypes found in individuals with DS and examine the degree to which widely used models recapitulate these phenotypes. Resolving these areas of discord will further research on the molecular underpinnings and identify potential treatments to improve the independence and quality of life of people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A. Klein
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tarik F. Haydar
- Children’s National Hospital, Center for Neuroscience Research, Washington, DC, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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S-ketamine administration in pregnant mice induces ADHD- and depression-like behaviors in offspring mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:113996. [PMID: 35817136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesia and psychotropic drugs in pregnant women may cause long-term effects on the brain development of unborn babies. The authors set out to investigate the neurotoxicity of S-ketamine, which possesses anesthetic and antidepressant effects and may cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- and depression-like behaviors in offspring mice. METHODS Pregnant mice were administered with low-, medium-, and high-dose S-ketamine (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 5 days from gestational day 14-18. At 21 days after birth, an elevated plus-maze test, fear conditioning, open field test, and forced swimming test were used to assess ADHD- and depression-like behaviors. Neuronal amount, glial activation, synaptic function indicated by ki67, and inhibitory presynaptic proteins revealed by GAD2 in the hippocampus, amygdala, habenula nucleus, and lateral hypothalamus (LHA) were determined by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS All the pregnant mice exposed to high-dose S-ketamine administration had miscarriage after the first injection. Both low-dose and medium-dose S-ketamine administration significantly increased the open-arm time and attenuated frozen time in the fear conditioning, which indicates impulsivity and memory dysfunction-like behaviors. Medium-dose S-ketamine administration reduced locomotor activity in the open field and increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, indicating depression-like behaviors. Changes in astrocytic activation, synaptic dysfunction, and decreased inhibitory presynaptic proteins were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, and habenula nucleus. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that S-ketamine may lead to detrimental effects, including ADHD-and depression-like behaviors in offspring mice. More studies should be promoted to determine the neurotoxicity of S-ketamine in the developing brain.
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Jiang CB, Kao CS, Chien LC, Chen YJ, Liao KW. Associations among prenatal and postnatal arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposures and motor development in 3-year-old children: a longitudinal birth cohort study in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43191-43200. [PMID: 35091938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal exposures to heavy metals have been suggested to interfere with neurodevelopment, but the neurotoxicity of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the levels of As, Cd, and Pb and children's neurodevelopment. A total of 299 mother-infant pairs were recruited in this study and their meconium were collected. After three years, 53 children underwent the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) examinations and provided hair and fingernail specimens. The levels of As, Cd, and Pb in the meconium, hair, and fingernail were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; the median levels were the following: meconium, 42.7, 5.57, and 25.6 ng/g, respectively; hair, 0.19, 0.05, and 3.61 μg/g, respectively; and fingernail, 0.29, 0.04, and 0.84 μg/g, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that the log-transformed levels of As in the hair samples was negatively associated with gross motor development (β = - 0.032; 95% confidence interval: - 0.061 to - 0.004). We conclude that postnatal exposure to As is a crucial period for gross motor development in children, while the effects of Cd and Pb on neurodevelopment are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sian Kao
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhen Chen
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hasina Z, Wang N, Wang CC. Developmental Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration of Down Syndrome: Current Knowledge in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877711. [PMID: 35676933 PMCID: PMC9168127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from developmental delay, intellectual disability, and an early-onset of neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s-like disease, or precocious dementia due to an extra chromosome 21. Studying the changes in anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels involved may help to understand the pathogenesis and develop target treatments, not just medical, but also surgical, cell and gene therapy, etc., for individuals with DS. Here we aim to identify key neurodevelopmental manifestations, locate knowledge gaps, and try to build molecular networks to better understand the mechanisms and clinical importance. We summarize current information about the neuropathology and neurodegeneration of the brain from conception to adulthood of foetuses and individuals with DS at anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels in humans. Understanding the alterations and characteristics of developing Down syndrome will help target treatment to improve the clinical outcomes. Early targeted intervention/therapy for the manifestations associated with DS in either the prenatal or postnatal period may be useful to rescue the neuropathology and neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnat Hasina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicole Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Chiu Wang,
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Lippert RN, Brüning JC. Maternal Metabolic Programming of the Developing Central Nervous System: Unified Pathways to Metabolic and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:898-906. [PMID: 34330407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal period presents a critical time in offspring development where environmental insults can have damaging impacts on the future health of the offspring. This can lead to sustained alterations in offspring development, metabolism, and predisposition to both metabolic and psychiatric diseases. The central nervous system is one of the most sensitive targets in response to maternal obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. While many of the effects of obesity on brain function in adults are known, we are only now beginning to understand the multitude of changes that occur in the brain during development on exposure to maternal overnutrition. Specifically, given recent links between maternal metabolic state and onset of neurodevelopmental diseases, the specific changes that are occurring in the offspring are even more relevant for the study of disease onset. It is therefore critical to understand the developmental effects of maternal obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and further to define the underlying cellular and molecular changes in the fetal brain. This review focuses on the current advancements in the study of maternal programming of brain development with particular emphasis on brain connectivity, specific regional effects, newly studied peripheral contributors, and key windows of interventions where maternal bodyweight and food intake may drive the most detrimental effects on the brain and associated metabolic and behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Lippert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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A HAND USE AND GRASP SENSOR SYSTEM IN MONITORING INFANT FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100203. [PMID: 36123986 PMCID: PMC9482029 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the feasibility of a hand use and grasp sensor system in collecting and quantifying fine motor development longitudinally in an infant's home environment. Design Cohort study. Researchers made home visits monthly to participating families to collect grasp data from infants using a hand use and grasp sensor. Setting Data collection were conducted in each participant's home. Participants A convenience sample of 14 typical developmental infants were enrolled from 3 months to 9 months of age. Two infants dropped out. A total of 62 testing sessions involving 12 infants were available for analysis (N=12). Interventions At each session, the infant was seated in a standardized infant seat. Each instrumented toy was hung on the hand use and grasp sensor structure, presented for 6 minutes in 3 feedback modes: visual, auditory, and vibratory. Main Outcome Measures Infant grasp frequency and duration, peak grasping force, average grasping force, force coefficient of variation, and proportion of bimanual grasps. Results A total of 2832 recorded grasp events from 12 infants were analyzed. In linear mixed-effects model analysis, when interacting with each toy, infants’ peak grasp force, average grasp force, and accumulated grasp time all increased significantly with age (all P<.001). Bimanual grasps also occupied an increasingly greater percentage of infants’ total grasps as they grew older (bar toy P<.001, candy toy P=.021). Conclusions We observed significant changes in hand use and grasp sensor outcome measures with age that are consistent with maturation of grasp skills. We envision the evolution of hand use and grasp sensor technology into an inexpensive and convenient tool to track infant grasp development for early detection of possible developmental delay and/or cerebral palsy as a supplement to clinical evaluations.
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Shiohama T, Tsujimura K. Quantitative Structural Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses: Methodological Overview and Application to Rett Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835964. [PMID: 35450016 PMCID: PMC9016334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital genetic disorders often present with neurological manifestations such as neurodevelopmental disorders, motor developmental retardation, epilepsy, and involuntary movement. Through qualitative morphometric evaluation of neuroimaging studies, remarkable structural abnormalities, such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, white matter lesions, and cortical tubers, have been identified in these disorders, while no structural abnormalities were identified in clinical settings in a large population. Recent advances in data analysis programs have led to significant progress in the quantitative analysis of anatomical structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography, and these approaches have been used to investigate psychological and congenital genetic disorders. Evaluation of morphometric brain characteristics may contribute to the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and response evaluation in patients with congenital genetic diseases. This mini-review focuses on the methodologies and attempts employed to study Rett syndrome using quantitative structural brain MRI analyses, including voxel- and surface-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography. The mini-review aims to deepen our understanding of how neuroimaging studies are used to examine congenital genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tadashi Shiohama,
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Prenatal Isoflurane Exposure Induces Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats: the Role of Gut Microbiota. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:485-497. [PMID: 35294710 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to inhaled anesthetics, such as isoflurane, may lead to neurodevelopmental impairment in offspring. Yet, the mechanisms of prenatal isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity have not been fully elucidated. Gut microbiota is a pivotal modulator of brain development and functions. While the antibiotic effect of isoflurane has been previously investigated, the relationship between prenatal isoflurane exposure and postnatal gut microbiota, brain biology, and behavior remains unknown. In the present study, we treated pregnant rats with 2% isoflurane for 4 h on gestational day 14. Their offspring were tested with novel object recognition task on postnatal day 28 (P28) to assess cognition. Fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S RNA sequencing. We also analyzed hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in P28 rat brains. To further explore the role of gut microbiota on prenatal isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity, we treated rats with mixed probiotics on P14 for 14 days and evaluated novel object recognition and hippocampal expression of BDNF on P28. Results indicate that prenatal exposure to isoflurane significantly decreased novel object recognition (novel object preference ratio: mean difference (MD) - 0.157; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.234 to - 0.080, P < 0.001) paralleled by diminished expression of hippocampal BDNF in juvenile rats. Prenatal exposure to isoflurane also significantly altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Treatment with probiotics mitigated these changes in cognition (novel object preference ratio: isoflurane group vs. control group: MD - 0.177; 95% CI - 0.307 to - 0.047, P = 0.006; probiotic group vs. isoflurane group: MD 0.140; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.275, P = 0.042) and BDNF expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that gut dysbiosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of maternal isoflurane exposure-induced postnatal cognitive impairment. To determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cognition in prenatal anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity, further studies are needed.
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Pullen BJ, Oliver JL, Lloyd RS, Knight CJ. Relationships between Athletic Motor Skill Competencies and Maturity, Sex, Physical Performance, and Psychological Constructs in Boys and Girls. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030375. [PMID: 35327747 PMCID: PMC8947559 DOI: 10.3390/children9030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between athletic motor skill competencies (AMSC), maturation, sex, body mass index, physical performance, and psychological constructs (motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and global self-esteem). Two-hundred and twenty-four children aged 11–13 years old were included in the study and sub-divided by sex. The athlete introductory movement screen (AIMS) and tuck jump assessment (TJA) were used to assess AMSC, while standing long jump distance assessed physical performance. Online surveys examined participants’ motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Trivial to moderate strength relationships were evident between AMSC and BMI (boys: rs = −0.183; girls: rs = −0.176), physical performance (boys: rs = 0.425; girls: rs = 0.397), and psychological constructs (boys: rs = 0.130–0.336; girls rs = 0.030–0.260), with the strength of relationships different between the sexes. Higher levels of AMSC were related to significantly higher levels of physical performance (d = 0.25), motivation to exercise (d = 0.17), and physical self-efficacy (d = 0.15–0.19) in both boys and girls. Enhancing AMSC may have mediating effects on levels of physical performance and psychological constructs in school-aged children, which may hold important implications for physical activity levels and the development of physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Pullen
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cyncoed Campus, Cardiff CF23 6XB, UK; (B.J.P.); (J.L.O.)
| | - Jon L. Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cyncoed Campus, Cardiff CF23 6XB, UK; (B.J.P.); (J.L.O.)
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Sport Wales, Sophia Gardens, Cardiff CF11 9SW, UK;
- Sports Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Rhodri S. Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cyncoed Campus, Cardiff CF23 6XB, UK; (B.J.P.); (J.L.O.)
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Sport Wales, Sophia Gardens, Cardiff CF11 9SW, UK;
- Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Camilla J. Knight
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Sport Wales, Sophia Gardens, Cardiff CF11 9SW, UK;
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
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Gauvrit T, Benderradji H, Buée L, Blum D, Vieau D. Early-Life Environment Influence on Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834661. [PMID: 35252195 PMCID: PMC8891536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expand of the population's average age, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders has dramatically increased over the last decades. Alzheimer disease (AD) which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease is mostly sporadic and primarily characterized by cognitive deficits and neuropathological lesions such as amyloid -β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyper- and/or abnormally phosphorylated Tau protein. AD is considered a complex disease that arises from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Besides the well-described cognitive decline, AD patients also exhibit metabolic impairments. Metabolic and cognitive perturbations are indeed frequently observed in the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) field of research which proposes that environmental perturbations during the perinatal period determine the susceptibility to pathological conditions later in life. In this review, we explored the potential influence of early environmental exposure to risk factors (maternal stress, malnutrition, xenobiotics, chemical factors … ) and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms on the programming of late-onset AD. Animal models indicate that offspring exposed to early-life stress during gestation and/or lactation increase both AD lesions, lead to defects in synaptic plasticity and finally to cognitive impairments. This long-lasting epigenetic programming could be modulated by factors such as nutriceuticals, epigenetic modifiers or psychosocial behaviour, offering thus future therapeutic opportunity to protect from AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Gauvrit
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Hamza Benderradji
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
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