1
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Li W, Chen M, Wang T, Feng X, Jiang X, Dong X, Zhang H, Tang X, Tian R, Zhang Y, Li Z. Characterization and humanization of VNARs targeting human serum albumin from the whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133082. [PMID: 38878923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Shark-derived immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) have gained increasing attention for their high solubility, exceptional thermal stability, and intricate sequence variation. In this study, we immunized whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) to create phage display library of variable domains of IgNAR (VNARs) for screening against Human Serum Albumin (HSA), a versatile vehicle in circulation due to its long in vivo half-life. We identified two HSA-binding VNAR clones, 2G5 and 2G6, and enhanced their expression in E. coli with the FKPA chaperone. 2G6 exhibited a strong binding affinity of 13 nM with HSA and an EC50 of 1 nM. In vivo study with a murine model further provided initial validation of 2G6's ability to prolong circulation time by binding to HSA. Additionally, we employed computational molecular docking to predict the binding affinities of both 2G6 and its humanized derivative, H2G6, to HSA. Our analysis unveiled that the complementarity-determining regions (CDR1 and CDR3) are pivotal in the antigen recognition process. Therefore, our study has advanced the understanding of the potential applications of VNARs in biomedical research aimed at extending drug half-life, holding promise for future therapeutic and diagnostic progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xierui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoning Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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2
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Park C, Kim K, Kim Y, Zhu R, Hain L, Seferovic H, Kim MH, Woo HJ, Hwang H, Lee SH, Kim S, Lee JE, Hinterdorfer P, Ko K, Park S, Oh YJ. Plant-Derived Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Antibody Suppresses Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer with Enhanced Nanoscale Binding. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16126-16140. [PMID: 38764224 PMCID: PMC11210341 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Traditional monoclonal antibodies such as Trastuzumab encounter limitations when treating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, particularly in cases that develop resistance. This study introduces plant-derived anti-HER2 variable fragments of camelid heavy chain domain (VHH) fragment crystallizable region (Fc) KEDL(K) antibody as a potent alternative for overcoming these limitations. A variety of biophysical techniques, in vitro assays, and in vivo experiments uncover the antibody's nanoscale binding dynamics with transmembrane HER2 on living cells. Single-molecule force spectroscopy reveals the rapid formation of two robust bonds, exhibiting approximately 50 pN force resistance and bond lifetimes in the second range. The antibody demonstrates a specific affinity for HER2-positive breast cancer cells, including those that are Trastuzumab-resistant. Moreover, in immune-deficient mice, the plant-derived anti-HER2 VHH-FcK antibody exhibits superior antitumor activity, especially against tumors that are resistant to Trastuzumab. These findings underscore the plant-derived antibody's potential as an impactful immunotherapeutic strategy for treating Trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Park
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kibum Kim
- Department
of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department
of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department
of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa Hain
- Department
of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Hannah Seferovic
- Department
of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Min-Hyeok Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Woo
- Major
of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hyunju Hwang
- Department
of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Major
of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department
of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division
of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Department
of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department
of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Department
of Applied Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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3
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Niazi SK, Magoola M, Mariam Z. Innovative Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease: A Synergistic Approach to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:741. [PMID: 38931409 PMCID: PMC11206655 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant challenge in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, even nearly a century after its discovery, due to the elusive nature of its causes. The development of drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease has emerged as a promising strategy to address the complexities of AD and related conditions. The immune system's role, particularly in AD, has gained considerable interest, with nanobodies representing a new frontier in biomedical research. Advances in targeting antibodies against amyloid-β (Aβ) and using messenger RNA for genetic translation have revolutionized the production of antibodies and drug development, opening new possibilities for treatment. Despite these advancements, conventional therapies for AD, such as Cognex, Exelon, Razadyne, and Aricept, often have limited long-term effectiveness, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This necessity has led to the incorporation advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning into the drug discovery process for neurodegenerative diseases. These technologies help identify therapeutic targets and optimize lead compounds, offering a more effective approach to addressing the challenges of AD and similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zamara Mariam
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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4
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Liu C, Li Y, He Q, Fu J, Wei Q, Lin H, Luo Y, Tu Z. Sequence-based design and construction of synthetic nanobody library. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1973-1985. [PMID: 38548653 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanobody (Nb), the smallest antibody fragments known to bind antigens, is now widely applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, bioassay, diagnosis, and biomedicine. The traditional approach to generating specific nanobodies involves animal immunization which is time-consuming and expensive. As the understanding of the antibody repertoire accumulation, the synthetic library, which is devoid of animals, has attracted attention widely in recent years. Here, we describe a synthetic phage display library (S-Library), designed based on the systematic analysis of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nanobody repertoire. The library consists of a single highly conserved scaffold (IGHV3S65*01-IGHJ4*01) and complementary determining regions of constrained diversity. The S-Library containing 2.19 × 108 independent clones was constructed by the one-step assembly and rapid electro-transformation. The S-Library was screened against various targets (Nb G8, fusion protein of Nb G8 and green fluorescent protein, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and acetylcholinesterase). In comparison, a naïve library (N-Library) from the source of 13 healthy animals was constructed and screened against the same targets as the S-Library. Binders were isolated from both S-Library and N-Library. The dynamic affinity was evaluated by the biolayer interferometry. The data confirms that the feature of the Nb repertoire is conducive to reducing the complexity of library design, thus allowing the S-Library to be built on conventional reagents and primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingting Wei
- School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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5
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De Greve H, Fioravanti A. Single domain antibodies from camelids in the treatment of microbial infections. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334829. [PMID: 38827746 PMCID: PMC11140111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to pose significant global health challenges. In addition to the enduring burdens of ailments like malaria and HIV, the emergence of nosocomial outbreaks driven by antibiotic-resistant pathogens underscores the ongoing threats. Furthermore, recent infectious disease crises, exemplified by the Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, have intensified the pursuit of more effective and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Among the promising options, antibodies have garnered significant attention due to their favorable structural characteristics and versatile applications. Notably, nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest functional single-domain antibodies of heavy-chain only antibodies produced by camelids, exhibit remarkable capabilities in stable antigen binding. They offer unique advantages such as ease of expression and modification and enhanced stability, as well as improved hydrophilicity compared to conventional antibody fragments (antigen-binding fragments (Fab) or single-chain variable fragments (scFv)) that can aggregate due to their low solubility. Nanobodies directly target antigen epitopes or can be engineered into multivalent Nbs and Nb-fusion proteins, expanding their therapeutic potential. This review is dedicated to charting the progress in Nb research, particularly those derived from camelids, and highlighting their diverse applications in treating infectious diseases, spanning both human and animal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri De Greve
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Fondazione ParSeC – Parco delle Scienze e della Cultura, Prato, Italy
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6
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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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Tripathy RK, Pande AH. Molecular and functional insight into anti-EGFR nanobody: Theranostic implications for malignancies. Life Sci 2024; 345:122593. [PMID: 38554946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and imaging are the most popular techniques for the intervention and diagnosis of cancer. A potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), primarily for glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer. Over-production of ligand, transcriptional up-regulation due to autocrine/paracrine signalling, or point mutations at the genomic locus may contribute to the malfunction of EGFR in malignancies. This exploit makes use of EGFR, an established biomarker for cancer diagnostics and treatment. Despite considerable development in the last several decades in making EGFR inhibitors, they are still not free from limitations like toxicity and a short serum half-life. Nanobodies and antibodies share similar binding properties, but nanobodies have the additional advantage that they can bind to antigenic epitopes deep inside the target that conventional antibodies are unable to access. For targeted therapy, anti-EGFR nanobodies can be conjugated to various molecules such as drugs, peptides, toxins and photosensitizers. These nanobodies can be designed as novel immunoconjugates using the universal modular antibody-based platform technology (UniCAR). Furthermore, Anti-EGFR nanobodies can be expressed in neural stem cells and visualised by effective fluorescent and radioisotope labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India.
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8
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Mirzaei M, Mirhoseini S, Heidari MM, Khatami M. Design and Production of a Novel Anti-PD-1 Nanobody by CDR Grafting and Site-Directed Mutagenesis Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01162-1. [PMID: 38736021 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a membrane protein expressed on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has many therapeutic benefits and has led to a major advance in the treatment of various types of tumors. Due to the large size and immunogenicity of the antibodies (Abs), using small molecules such as nanobodies (nanobodies or VHH) is more appropriate for this purpose. In this research, the complementarity determining regions (CDR) grafting method was used to produce anti-PD-1 nanobody. For producing the grafted anti-PD-1 nanobody, CDRs from the tislelizumab mAb were grafted into the frameworks of a nanobody whose sequence is similar to the tislelizumab mAb. Also, the site-directed mutagenesis method was used to produce two mutated anti-PD-1 nanobodies which increased the affinity of grafted anti-PD-1 nanobodies. Two amino acid substitutions (Tyr97Arg and Tyr102Arg) in the VHH-CDR3 were used to improve grafted nanobody affinity and the binding capacity of the mutated nanobodies. The binding of the anti-PD-1 nanobodies and PD-1 antigen (Ag) was confirmed by Dot blot, western blot, and indirect ELISA analysis. According to the results of these in silico and in vitro studies, the binding between grafted and mutated nanobodies with PD-1 was confirmed. Also, our findings show that site-directed mutagenesis can increase the affinity of nanobodies.
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9
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Sahraoui PF, Vadas O, Kalia YN. Non-Invasive Delivery of Negatively Charged Nanobodies by Anodal Iontophoresis: When Electroosmosis Dominates Electromigration. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:539. [PMID: 38675200 PMCID: PMC11055110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis enables the non-invasive transdermal delivery of moderately-sized proteins and the needle-free cutaneous delivery of antibodies. However, simple descriptors of protein characteristics cannot accurately predict the feasibility of iontophoretic transport. This study investigated the cathodal and anodal iontophoretic transport of the negatively charged M7D12H nanobody and a series of negatively charged variants with single amino acid substitutions. Surprisingly, M7D12H and its variants were only delivered transdermally by anodal iontophoresis. In contrast, transdermal permeation after cathodal iontophoresis and passive diffusion was
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Affiliation(s)
- Phedra Firdaws Sahraoui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Luo NY, Minne RL, Gallant JP, Gunaratne GS, West JL, Javeri S, Robertson AJ, Lake EW, Engle JW, Mixdorf JC, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Nickel KP, Hernandez R, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM, LeBeau AM. Development of an Engineered Single-Domain Antibody for Targeting MET in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:389-399. [PMID: 38470611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase is upregulated or mutated in 5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and overexpressed in multiple other cancers. We sought to develop a novel single-domain camelid antibody with high affinity for MET that could be used to deliver conjugated payloads to MET expressing cancers. From a naïve camelid variable-heavy-heavy (VHH) domain phage display library, we identified a VHH clone termed 1E7 that displayed high affinity for human MET and was cross-reactive with MET across multiple species. When expressed as a bivalent human Fc fusion protein, 1E7-Fc was found to selectively bind to EBC-1 (MET amplified) and UW-Lung 21 (MET exon 14 mutated) cell lines by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging. Next, we investigated the ability of [89Zr]Zr-1E7-Fc to detect MET expression in vivo by PET/CT imaging. [89Zr]Zr-1E7-Fc demonstrated rapid localization and high tumor uptake in both xenografts with a %ID/g of 6.4 and 5.8 for EBC-1 and UW-Lung 21 at 24 h, respectively. At the 24 h time point, clearance from secondary and nontarget tissues was also observed. Altogether, our data suggest that 1E7-Fc represents a platform technology that can be employed to potentially both image and treat MET-altered NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Rachel L Minne
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Joseph P Gallant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jayden L West
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Saahil Javeri
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Austin J Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Eric W Lake
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Kwang P Nickel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Randall J Kimple
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Andrew M Baschnagel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
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11
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Bilemjian V, Lin Y, Wan W, Egri G, Huls G, Heinze T, Bremer E, Gericke M, Dähne L. Direct Functionalization of Polysaccharide-Based Xylan Phenyl Carbonate Nanoparticles with Tumor Cell Specific Antibodies. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300828. [PMID: 38236789 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and easy-to-use approach is presented for obtaining biocompatible polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (NP) that can act as tumor-specific drug delivery agents. Two antibodies are directly immobilized onto reactive xylan phenyl carbonate (XPC) NP; namely Cetuximab (CTX) that binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Atezolizumab (ATZ) that binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). High coupling efficiency (up to 100 %) are achieved without any pre-activation and no aggregation occurs during antibody immobilization. By quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), flow cytometry assays, and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging it is demonstrated that the functionalized XPC-NP specifically bind to cells carrying the corresponding antigens. Moreover, the NP retain the antibody specific bioactivities (growth inhibition for CTX and induction of T-cell cytotoxicity for ATZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrouyr Bilemjian
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wan
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gericke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Dähne
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Schuster D, Khanppnavar B, Kantarci I, Mehta V, Korkhov VM. Structural insights into membrane adenylyl cyclases, initiators of cAMP signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:156-168. [PMID: 38158273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Membrane adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. As effector proteins of G protein-coupled receptors and other signaling pathways, ACs receive and amplify signals from the cell surface, translating them into biochemical reactions in the intracellular space and integrating different signaling pathways. Despite their importance in signal transduction and physiology, our knowledge about the structure, function, regulation, and molecular interactions of ACs remains relatively scarce. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these membrane enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Schuster
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Basavraj Khanppnavar
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilayda Kantarci
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ved Mehta
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr M Korkhov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Xiong S, Liu Z, Yi X, Liu K, Huang B, Wang X. NanoLAS: a comprehensive nanobody database with data integration, consolidation and application. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae003. [PMID: 38300518 PMCID: PMC10833066 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanobodies, a unique subclass of antibodies first discovered in camelid animals, are composed solely of a single heavy chain's variable region. Their significantly reduced molecular weight, in comparison to conventional antibodies, confers numerous advantages in the treatment of various diseases. As research and applications involving nanobodies expand, the quantity of identified nanobodies is also rapidly growing. However, the existing antibody databases are deficient in type and coverage, failing to satisfy the comprehensive needs of researchers and thus impeding progress in nanobody research. In response to this, we have amalgamated data from multiple sources to successfully assemble a new and comprehensive nanobody database. This database has currently included the latest nanobody data and provides researchers with an excellent search and data display interface, thus facilitating the progression of nanobody research and their application in disease treatment. In summary, the newly constructed Nanobody Library and Archive System may significantly enhance the retrieval efficiency and application potential of nanobodies. We envision that Nanobody Library and Archive System will serve as an accessible, robust and efficient tool for nanobody research and development, propelling advancements in the field of biomedicine. Database URL: https://www.nanolas.cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Bingding Huang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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14
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Fayyaz F, Eshkiki ZS, Karamzadeh AR, Moradi Z, Kaviani F, Namazi A, Karimi R, Tabaeian SP, Mansouri F, Akbari A. Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers; molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23826. [PMID: 38226210 PMCID: PMC10788524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant biological role in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. In various malignancies, lncRNAs interplay with some main cancer-associated signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the various cellular processes. It has been revealed that the cross-talking between lncRNAs and Hippo signaling pathway involves in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers development and progression. Considering the clinical significance of these lncRNAs, they have also been introduced as potential biomarkers in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in GI cancers. Herein, we review the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated regulation of Hippo signaling pathway and focus on the corresponding molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of these non-coding RNAs in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Fayyaz
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Karamzadeh
- Occupational Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Faezeh Kaviani
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Namazi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Karimi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Yamamoto K, Nagatoishi S, Matsunaga R, Nakakido M, Kuroda D, Tsumoto K. Conformational features and interaction mechanisms of V H H antibodies with β-hairpin CDR3: A case of Nb8-HigB2 interaction. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4827. [PMID: 37916305 PMCID: PMC10661080 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The β-hairpin conformation is regarded as an important basic motif to form and regulate protein-protein interactions. Single-domain VH H antibodies are potential therapeutic and diagnostic tools, and the third complementarity-determining regions of the heavy chains (CDR3s) of these antibodies are critical for antigen recognition. Although the sequences and conformations of the CDR3s are diverse, CDR3s sometimes adopt β-hairpin conformations. However, characteristic features and interaction mechanisms of β-hairpin CDR3s remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular recognition of the anti-HigB2 VH H antibody Nb8, which has a CDR3 that forms a β-hairpin conformation. The interaction was analyzed by evaluation of alanine-scanning mutants, molecular dynamics simulations, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. These experiments demonstrated that positions 93 and 94 (Chothia numbering) in framework region 3, which is right outside CDR3 by definition, play pivotal roles in maintaining structural stability and binding properties of Nb8. These findings will facilitate the design and optimization of single-domain antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Matsunaga
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine DevelopmentNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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16
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Ionescu RE. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensors Using Nanobodies as Biocompatible Sniffer Tools of Agricultural Contaminants and Human Disease Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 37630022 PMCID: PMC10456424 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are known as camelid single-domain fragments or variable heavy chain antibodies (VHH) that in vitro recognize the antigens (Ag) similar to full-size antibodies (Abs) and in vivo allow immunoreactions with biomolecule cavities inaccessible to conventional Abs. Currently, Nbs are widely used for clinical treatments due to their remarkably improved performance, ease of production, thermal robustness, superior physical and chemical properties. Interestingly, Nbs are also very promising bioreceptors for future rapid and portable immunoassays, compared to those using unstable full-size antibodies. For all these reasons, Nbs are excellent candidates in ecological risk assessments and advanced medicine, enabling the development of ultrasensitive biosensing platforms. In this review, immobilization strategies of Nbs on conductive supports for enhanced electrochemical immune detection of food contaminants (Fcont) and human biomarkers (Hbio) are discussed. In the case of Fcont, the direct competitive immunoassay detection using coating antigen solid surface is the most commonly used approach for efficient Nbs capture which was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) when the signal decays for increasing concentrations of free antigen prepared in aqueous solutions. In contrast, for the Hbio investigations on thiolated gold electrodes, increases in amperometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals were recorded, with increases in the antigen concentrations prepared in PBS or spiked real human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
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17
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Feng X, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Nanobodies and Their Neutralizing Applications against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:925-942. [PMID: 37470012 PMCID: PMC10275483 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly altered people's way of life. Despite widespread knowledge of vaccination, mask use, and avoidance of close contact, COVID-19 is still spreading around the world. Numerous research teams are examining the SARS-CoV-2 infection process to discover strategies to identify, prevent, and treat COVID-19 to limit the spread of this chronic coronavirus illness and restore lives to normalcy. Nanobodies have advantages over polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Ab) and Ab fragments, including reduced size, high stability, simplicity in manufacture, compatibility with genetic engineering methods, and lack of solubility and aggregation issues. Recent studies have shown that nanobodies that target the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain and disrupt ACE2 interactions are helpful in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models, despite the lack of evidence in human patients. The creation and evaluation of nanobodies, as well as their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against COVID-19, are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Feng
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, College
of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, College
of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Institute
of Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21215, United States
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18
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Moleirinho S, Kitamura Y, Borges PSGN, Auduong S, Kilic S, Deng D, Kanaya N, Kozono D, Zhou J, Gray JJ, Revai-Lechtich E, Zhu Y, Shah K. Fate and Efficacy of Engineered Allogeneic Stem Cells Targeting Cell Death and Proliferation Pathways in Primary and Brain Metastatic Lung Cancer. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:444-458. [PMID: 37311043 PMCID: PMC10346421 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary and metastatic lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death and novel therapies are urgently needed. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and death receptor (DR) 4/5 are both highly expressed in primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, targeting these receptors individually has demonstrated limited therapeutic benefit in patients. In this study, we created and characterized diagnostic and therapeutic stem cells (SC), expressing EGFR-targeted nanobody (EV) fused to the extracellular domain of death DR4/5 ligand (DRL) (EVDRL) that simultaneously targets EGFR and DR4/5, in primary and metastatic NSCLC tumor models. We show that EVDRL targets both cell surface receptors, and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in a broad spectrum of NSCLC cell lines. Utilizing real-time dual imaging and correlative immunohistochemistry, we show that allogeneic SCs home to tumors and when engineered to express EVDRL, alleviate tumor burden and significantly increase survival in primary and brain metastatic NSCLC. This study reports mechanistic insights into simultaneous targeting of EGFR- and DR4/5 in lung tumors and presents a promising approach for translation into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Moleirinho
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Kitamura
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo S G N Borges
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Auduong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyda Kilic
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Deng
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Kozono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Esther Revai-Lechtich
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanni Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Karaman E, Eyüpoğlu AE, Mahmoudi Azar L, Uysal S. Large-Scale Production of Anti-RNase A VHH Expressed in pyrG Auxotrophic Aspergillus oryzae. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4778-4795. [PMID: 37367053 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies, also referred to as VHH antibodies, are the smallest fragments of naturally produced camelid antibodies and are ideal affinity reagents due to their remarkable properties. They are considered an alternative to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potential utility in imaging, diagnostic, and other biotechnological applications given the difficulties associated with mAb expression. Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) is a potential system for the large-scale expression and production of functional VHH antibodies that can be used to meet the demand for affinity reagents. In this study, anti-RNase A VHH was expressed under the control of the glucoamylase promoter in pyrG auxotrophic A. oryzae grown in a fermenter. The feature of pyrG auxotrophy, selected for the construction of a stable and efficient platform, was established using homologous recombination. Pull-down assay, size exclusion chromatography, and surface plasmon resonance were used to confirm the binding specificity of anti-RNase A VHH to RNase A. The affinity of anti-RNase A VHH was nearly 18.3-fold higher (1.9 nM) when expressed in pyrG auxotrophic A. oryzae rather than in Escherichia coli. This demonstrates that pyrG auxotrophic A. oryzae is a practical, industrially scalable, and promising biotechnological platform for the large-scale production of functional VHH antibodies with high binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karaman
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ertunga Eyüpoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lena Mahmoudi Azar
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Uysal
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Bloom SMK, O’Hare N, Forbes NS. Bacterial delivery of therapeutic proteins to the nuclei of cancer cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1437-1448. [PMID: 36710503 PMCID: PMC10101893 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nucleic targets with therapeutic proteins would enhance the treatment of hard-to-treat cancers. However, exogenous proteins are excluded from the nucleus by both the cellular and nuclear membranes. We have recently developed Salmonella that deliver active proteins into the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Here, we hypothesized that bacterially delivered proteins accumulate within nuclei, nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) increase delivery, and bacterially delivered proteins kill cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we developed intranuclear delivering (IND) Salmonella and quantified the delivery of three model proteins. IND Salmonella delivered both ovalbumin and green fluorescent protein to nuclei of MCF7 cancer cells. The amount of protein in nuclei was linearly dependent on the amount delivered to the cytoplasm. The addition of a NLSs increased both the amount of protein in each nucleus and the number of nuclei that received protein. Delivery of Omomyc, a protein inhibitor of the nuclear transcript factor, Myc, altered cell physiology, and significantly induced cell death. These results show that IND Salmonella deliver functional proteins to the nucleus of cancerous cells. Extending this method to other transcription factors will increase the number of accessible targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas O’Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Neil S. Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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21
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Valdés-Tresanco MS, Valdés-Tresanco ME, Molina-Abad E, Moreno E. NbThermo: a new thermostability database for nanobodies. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad021. [PMID: 37042467 PMCID: PMC10091358 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
We present NbThermo-a first-in-class database that collects melting temperatures (Tm), amino acid sequences and several other categories of useful data for hundreds of nanobodies (Nbs), compiled from an extensive literature search. This so-far unique database currently contains up-to-date, manually curated data for 564 Nbs. It represents a contribution to efforts aimed at developing new algorithms for reliable Tm prediction to assist Nb engineering for a wide range of applications of these unique biomolecules. Nbs from the two most common source organisms-llama and camel-show similar distributions of melting temperatures. A first exploratory research that takes advantage of this large data collection evidences that understanding the structural bases of Nb thermostability is a complex task, since there are no apparent differences in sequence patterns between the frameworks of Nbs with lower and higher melting temperatures, indicating that the highly variable loops play a relevant role in defining Nb thermostability. Database URL https://valdes-tresanco-ms.github.io/NbThermo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario S Valdés-Tresanco
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Cra. 87 No. 30-65, Medellin 050026, Colombia
| | - Mario E Valdés-Tresanco
- Centre for Molecular Simulations and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Ernesto Moreno
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Cra. 87 No. 30-65, Medellin 050026, Colombia
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22
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TAT Nanobody Exerts Antiviral Effect against PRRSV In Vitro by Targeting Viral Nucleocapsid Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031905. [PMID: 36768238 PMCID: PMC9915258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), which has brought huge economic losses to the pork industry worldwide since its first discovery in the late 1980s in North America. To date, there are no effective commercial vaccines or therapeutic drugs available for controlling the spread of PRRSV. Due to their unique advantages of high affinity and high specificity, nanobodies (Nbs) have received increasing attention in the process of disease diagnosis and treatment. Trans-activator transcription (TAT) can serve as a vector to carry specific proteins into cells by passing through cell membranes. In our previous study, a specific Nb against the PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) protein was screened using phage display technology. For this study, we developed a novel recombinant protein constituting a TAT-conjugated Nb, which we call TAT-Nb1. The target cell entry efficiency of TAT-Nb1 and its effect on PRRSV infection and replication were then investigated. Our results indicate that TAT delivered Nb1 into Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, TAT-Nb1 dose-dependently suppressed PRRSV infection and replication, where this antiviral effect was independent of PRRSV strain. Co-immunoprecipitation results revealed that Nb1 efficiently interacted with the N protein of PRRSV. Taken together, the presented results suggest that TAT-Nb1 can effectively suppress PRRSV replication, and it may be considered as a new anti-PRRSV candidate drug.
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Feng Y, Sarrett SM, Meshaw RL, Vaidyanathan G, Cornejo MA, Zeglis BM, Zalutsky MR. Site-Specific Radiohalogenation of a HER2-Targeted Single-Domain Antibody Fragment Using a Novel Residualizing Prosthetic Agent. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15358-15373. [PMID: 36368007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of their rapid tumor accumulation and normal tissue clearance, single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are an attractive vehicle for developing radiotherapeutics labeled with the α-emitter 211At. Herein, we have evaluated iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS, a prosthetic agent that combines a functionality for residualizing radiohalogens with a phenyloxadiazolyl methylsulfone (PODS) moiety for site-specific sdAb conjugation. Iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS and its radioiodinated analogue were evaluated for thiol-selective conjugation to anti-HER2 5F7 sdAb bearing a C-terminus GGC tail. Both radiohalogenated PODS-5F7GGC conjugates were synthesized in good radiochemical yields and retained high binding affinity on HER2-positive BT474 breast carcinoma cells. Iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS-5F7GGC was considerably more stable in vitro than its maleimide analogue in the presence of cysteine and human serum albumin (HSA) and exhibited excellent tumor uptake and high in vivo stability. Superior tumor-to-kidney activity ratios were seen for both radiohalogenated PODS-5F7GGC conjugates compared with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PODS-5F7GGC. These results suggest that iso-[211At]AGMB-PODS-5F7GGC warrants further evaluation for the treatment of HER2-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Samantha M. Sarrett
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Meshaw
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Michael R. Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Yu X, Long Y, Chen B, Tong Y, Shan M, Jia X, Hu C, Liu M, Zhou J, Tang F, Lu H, Chen R, Xu P, Huang W, Ren J, Wan Y, Sun J, Li J, Jin G, Gong L. PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate mediates potent tumor regression via elevating tumor immunogenicity in a host-expressed PD-L1 bias-dependent way. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004590. [PMID: 36253000 PMCID: PMC9577932 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various tumors are insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) establish the link between innate and adaptive immunity, which can assist T-cell activation and serve as promising targets for combination to enhance ICB therapy. Here, we aimed to improve efficacy for anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy by developing a PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC), based on the PD-L1 nanobodies and TLR7 agonist we developed. Methods PD-L1 nanobodies were obtained by phage display screening and identified through T-cell activation bioassay, in vivo imaging and quantitative biodistribution study. Immune activation and PD-L1-inducing of TLR7 agonists were evaluated in diverse innate cell models. We constructed PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting NDCs by chemically coupling PD-L1 nanobodies and TLR7 agonists. The antitumor effect was evaluated via several murine or humanized solid tumor models. Immunophenotyping, immune cell depletion, tumor rechallenge, RNA sequencing and PD-L1-deficient models were combined to determine the mechanism for NDCs function. The dynamics of the in vivo behaviors of NDCs were assessed based on multiorgan changes in PD-L1 levels. Results The screened PD-L1 nanobodies were characterized as tumor-targeting and alleviated T-cell immunosuppression. The TLR7 agonists induced broad innate immune responses and intratumoral PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and its antitumor effect was dependent on intratumoral delivery. The combination of TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies activated both innate and adaptive immunity and upregulated PD-L1-related signaling pathways. After coupling to form dual-targeting NDCs, TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies exerted synergistic antitumor effects and safety in either ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ tumor and early or advanced tumor models, reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment and induced antitumor immune memory. CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells were the main effector cells for NDCs to function. NDCs can promote PD-L1 expression on intratumoral APCs and tumor cells, and subsequently achieve targeted enrichment in tumors. Moreover, the efficacy of NDCs is biased toward dependence on host expression of PD-L1. Conclusions The novel PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting NDC exhibited potent efficacy against heterogeneous tumors through orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity, which could act as a promising strategy to improve ICB therapy and shows prospects for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binfan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwen Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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Camels' biological fluids contained nanobodies: promising avenue in cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:279. [PMID: 36071488 PMCID: PMC9449263 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health concern and accounts for one of the main causes of death worldwide. Innovative strategies are needed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers. Recently, there has been an evolving interest in utilizing nanobodies of camel origin as therapeutic tools against cancer. Nanotechnology uses nanobodies an emerging attractive field that provides promises to researchers in advancing different scientific sectors including medicine and oncology. Nanobodies are characteristically small-sized biologics featured with the ability for deep tissue penetration and dissemination and harbour high stability at high pH and temperatures. The current review highlights the potential use of nanobodies that are naturally secreted in camels’ biological fluids, both milk and urine, in the development of nanotechnology-based therapy for treating different typesQuery of cancers and other diseases. Moreover, the role of nano proteomics in the invention of novel therapeutic agents specifically used for cancer intervention is also illustrated.
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26
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Märcher A, Kumar V, Andersen VL, El-Chami K, Nguyen TJD, Skaanning MK, Rudnik-Jansen I, Nielsen JS, Howard KA, Kjems J, Gothelf KV. Functionalized Acyclic (l)-Threoninol Nucleic Acid Four-Way Junction with High Stability In Vitro and In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115275. [PMID: 35352451 PMCID: PMC9324938 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are increasingly being used as a programmable connection material to assemble molecules and proteins in well-defined structures. For the application of such assemblies for in vivo diagnostics or therapeutics it is crucial that the oligonucleotides form highly stable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic structures. Only few oligonucleotide derivatives fulfil all of these requirements. Here we report on the application of acyclic l-threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) to form a four-way junction (4WJ) that is highly stable and enables facile assembly of components for in vivo treatment and imaging. The aTNA 4WJ is serum-stable, shows no non-targeted uptake or cytotoxicity, and invokes no innate immune response. As a proof of concept, we modify the 4WJ with a cancer-targeting and a serum half-life extension moiety and show the effect of these functionalized 4WJs in vitro and in vivo, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Märcher
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veronica L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kassem El-Chami
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thuy J D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads K Skaanning
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Imke Rudnik-Jansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper S Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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Li R, Zhu X, Zhou P, Qiao Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Shi X. Generation of a High-Affinity Nanobody Against CD147 for Tumor Targeting and Therapeutic Efficacy Through Conjugating Doxorubicin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852700. [PMID: 35603157 PMCID: PMC9114487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, a glycosylated transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, is overexpressed on the surfaces of various tumor cells and promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Nanobodies, characterized by small sizes, high affinities and specificities, and low immunogenicities, are promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, there are few reports on nanobodies that specifically target CD147. In this work, a specific anti-CD147 nanobody has been successfully identified using phage display technology. The tumor target and antitumor effects have also been detected in different CD147-positive tumors in in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. Meanwhile, it has a synergistic effect for inhibiting 4T1-bearing mice through conjugating doxorubicin. It may afford new strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinqian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yice Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Artificial Auditory Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Sitia L, Sevieri M, Signati L, Bonizzi A, Chesi A, Mainini F, Corsi F, Mazzucchelli S. HER-2-Targeted Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102424. [PMID: 35626028 PMCID: PMC9139811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite tremendous efforts in finding new therapeutic strategies and promoting screening programs to increase early diagnosis, breast cancer is still a major cause of death in the female worldwide population. Preclinical and clinical evidence have shown that nanotechnologies can significantly contribute to improving both therapeutic and diagnostic aspects. This is particularly true for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) overexpressing (HER-2+) breast cancer, where recurrence rates and drug resistance still make it one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes, despite the development of promising targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the most promising nanoparticle-based approaches developed in the last decade in the context of HER-2-positive breast cancer therapy and diagnosis. Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) overexpressing breast cancer is a breast cancer subtype characterized by high aggressiveness, high frequency of brain metastases and poor prognosis. HER-2, a glycoprotein belonging to the ErbB receptor family, is overexpressed on the outer membrane of cancer cells and has been an important therapeutic target for the development of targeted drugs, such as the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab. These therapies have been available in clinics for more than twenty years. However, despite the initial enthusiasm, a major issue emerged limiting HER-2 targeted therapy efficacy, i.e., the evolution of drug resistance, which could be tackled by nanotechnology. The aim of this review is to provide a first critical update on the different types of HER-2-targeted nanoparticles that have been proposed in the literature in the last decade for therapeutic purposes. We focus on the different targeting strategies that have been explored, their relative outcomes and current limitations that still need to be improved. Then, we review the nanotools developed as diagnostic kits, focusing on the most recent techniques, which allow accurate quantification of HER-2 levels in tissues, with the aim of promoting more personalized medicinal approaches in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Lorena Signati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Arianna Chesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Mainini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Salvatore Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Hansmeier NR, Büschlen IS, Behncke RY, Ulferts S, Bisoendial R, Hägerling R. 3D Visualization of Human Blood Vascular Networks Using Single-Domain Antibodies Directed against Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084369. [PMID: 35457187 PMCID: PMC9028812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality three-dimensional (3D) microscopy allows detailed, unrestricted and non-destructive imaging of entire volumetric tissue specimens and can therefore increase the diagnostic accuracy of histopathological tissue analysis. However, commonly used IgG antibodies are oftentimes not applicable to 3D imaging, due to their relatively large size and consequently inadequate tissue penetration and penetration speed. The lack of suitable reagents for 3D histopathology can be overcome by an emerging class of single-domain antibodies, referred to as nanobodies (Nbs), which can facilitate rapid and superior 2D and 3D histological stainings. Here, we report the generation and experimental validation of Nbs directed against the human endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (hESAM), which enables spatial visualization of blood vascular networks in whole-mount 3D imaging. After analysis of Nb binding properties and quality, selected Nb clones were validated in 2D and 3D imaging approaches, demonstrating comparable staining qualities to commercially available hESAM antibodies in 2D, as well as rapid and complete staining of entire specimens in 3D. We propose that the presented hESAM-Nbs can serve as novel blood vessel markers in academic research and can potentially improve 3D histopathological diagnostics of entire human tissue specimens, leading to improved treatment and superior patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rouven Hansmeier
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Sophie Büschlen
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rose Yinghan Behncke
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ulferts
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radjesh Bisoendial
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Maasstad Hospital, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Hägerling
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Shoari A, Tahmasebi M, Khodabakhsh F, Cohan RA, Oghalaie A, Behdani M. Angiogenic biomolecules specific nanobodies application in cancer imaging and therapy; review and updates. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Identification and characterization of inhibitory nanobody against p38δ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valdés-Tresanco MS, Molina-Zapata A, Pose AG, Moreno E. Structural Insights into the Design of Synthetic Nanobody Libraries. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072198. [PMID: 35408597 PMCID: PMC9000494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single domain antibodies from camelids, or nanobodies, are a unique class of antibody fragments with several advantageous characteristics: small monomeric size, high stability and solubility and easy tailoring for multiple applications. Nanobodies are gaining increasing acceptance as diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic agents in cancer and other diseases. While most nanobodies are obtained from immunized animals of the camelid family, a few synthetic nanobody libraries constructed in recent years have shown the capability of generating high quality nanobodies in terms of affinity and stability. Since this synthetic approach has important advantages over the use of animals, the recent advances are indeed encouraging. Here we review over a dozen synthetic nanobody libraries reported so far and discuss the different approaches followed in their construction and validation, with an emphasis on framework and hypervariable loop design as critical issues defining their potential as high-class nanobody sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario S. Valdés-Tresanco
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellin 050026, Colombia; (A.M.-Z.); (A.G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.V.-T.); (E.M.)
| | - Andrea Molina-Zapata
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellin 050026, Colombia; (A.M.-Z.); (A.G.P.)
- Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - Alaín González Pose
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellin 050026, Colombia; (A.M.-Z.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Ernesto Moreno
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellin 050026, Colombia; (A.M.-Z.); (A.G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.V.-T.); (E.M.)
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Oghalaie A, Mahboudi F, Rahimi-Jamnani F, Piri-Gavgani S, Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Hassanzadeh Eskafi A, Shahbazzadeh D, Adeli A, Talebkhan Y, Behdani M. Development and characterization of single domain monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death ligand-1; as a cancer inhibitor candidate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:313-319. [PMID: 35656179 PMCID: PMC9148396 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62522.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives One of the important interactions in controlling the human immune system is the reaction between checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1. These are negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune evasion of tumor cells. PD-L1 expression is an immune-mediated mechanism used by various malignant cells in order to down-regulate the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are a new class of anti-cancer agents that stimulate immune cells to elicit an antitumor response by blocking the ligand and receptor interactions. Nanobody (Nb) as a new type of antibody fragment, has some potential as CPI. Materials and Methods A female camel was immunized with recombinant PD-L1 protein, nanobody library was constructed and PD-L1 specific Nb was selected. The selected Nb was characterized in terms of affinity, specificity, and binding potency in ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results Developed nanobody, A22 binds to its cognate target with high specificity and affinity. Western blot and flow cytometry techniques showed that nanobody A22 was able to specifically detect and attach to human PD-L1 protein on the cell surface and in the cell lysate. MTT assay showed the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 by specific Nb on A431 and HEK293 cells, with no cytotoxic effect on cell growth. Conclusion The results highlighted the potential of anti-PD-L1 Nb as a novel therapeutic in cancer therapy without undesirable cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Oghalaie
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Piri-Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Mahdi Behdani. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
| | - Ayda Hassanzadeh Eskafi
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Adeli
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran,Corresponding authors: Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Mahdi Behdani. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
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Sharma U, Barwal TS, Murmu M, Acharya V, Pant N, Dey D, Vivek, Gautam A, Bazala S, Singh I, Azzouz F, Bishayee A, Jain A. Clinical potential of long non-coding RNA LINC01133 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers. Biomark Med 2022; 16:349-369. [PMID: 35195032 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01133 (LINC01133) was identified as a novel transcript in cancers. It modulates various hallmarks of cancers and acts as oncogenic in some cancers while tumor-suppressive in others. Furthermore, the expression of LINC01133 correlates with tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage and lymphatic node metastasis, Ki-67 levels and overall survival of patients. Herein, the authors provide an in-depth analysis describing how LINC01133 modulates the multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of various malignancies and treatment regimens. Based on the role played by LINC01133, the authors propose LINC01133 as both a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Masang Murmu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Varnali Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Pant
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Damayanti Dey
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashima Gautam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Bazala
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsa Singh
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Farah Azzouz
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
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Albaz AA, Rafeeq MM, Sain ZM, Almutairi WA, Alamri AS, Aloufi AH, Almalki WH, Tarique M. Nanotechnology-based approaches in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 7:368-398. [PMID: 35071938 PMCID: PMC8712532 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by highly-infectious virus namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in infection of millions of individuals and deaths across the world. The need of an hour is to find the innovative solution for diagnosis, prevention, and cure of the COVID-19 disease. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the important tool for the same. In the present review we discuss the applications of nanotechnology-based approaches that are being implemented to speed up the development of diagnostic kits for SARS-CoV-2, development of personal protective equipments, and development of therapeutics of COVID-19 especially the vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alrayan Abass Albaz
- Molecular Medicine Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, the Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh. King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, 21589, KSA
| | - Ziaullah M Sain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA 21589
| | - Wael Abdullah Almutairi
- Department of Respiratory Services, Ministry of National Guard Hospital and Health Affairs (MNGHA) P.O. box 22490, kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Saeed Alamri
- Molecular Pathology Lab Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Hospital and Health Affairs (MNGHA), P.O. box 22490, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hamdan Aloufi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs P.O. box 22490, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
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Abstract
Humanization of therapeutic antibodies derived from animal immunizations is often required to minimize immunogenicity risks in humans, which can cause potentially harmful and serious side effects and reduce antibody efficacy. Humanization is typically applied to conventional monoclonal antibodies derived in rodents as well as single-domain antibodies isolated from camelids and sharks (VHHs and VNARs). A streamlined protocol is described here for sequence humanization of camelid VHHs, which represent a promising biotherapeutic format with many desirable attributes. From human framework selection and complementarity-determining region grafting strategies to empirical scoring for prioritization of back-mutations, step-by-step instructions, and templates are provided along with bioinformatics resources to assist each step of the humanization process. Alternative approaches, warnings, and caveats are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Sulea
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
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Dingus JG, Tang JCY, Amamoto R, Wallick GK, Cepko CL. A general approach for stabilizing nanobodies for intracellular expression. eLife 2022; 11:68253. [PMID: 36416528 PMCID: PMC9683787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antibodies and their derived fragments are difficult to deploy against intracellular targets in live cells, due to their bulk and structural complexity. Nanobodies provide an alternative modality, with well-documented examples of intracellular expression. Despite their promise as intracellular reagents, there has not been a systematic study of nanobody intracellular expression. Here, we examined intracellular expression of 75 nanobodies from the Protein Data Bank. Surprisingly, a majority of these nanobodies were unstable in cells, illustrated by aggregation and clearance. Using comparative analysis and framework mutagenesis, we developed a general approach that stabilized a great majority of nanobodies that were originally unstable intracellularly, without significantly compromising target binding. This approach led to the identification of distinct sequence features that impacted the intracellular stability of tested nanobodies. Mutationally stabilized nanobody expression was found to extend to in vivo contexts, in the murine retina and in E. coli. These data provide for improvements in nanobody engineering for intracellular applications, potentiating a growing field of intracellular interrogation and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Dingus
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jonathan CY Tang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ryoji Amamoto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Grace K Wallick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Constance L Cepko
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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39
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Märcher A, Gothelf KV. Affinity-Guided Site-Selective Labeling of Nanobodies with Aldehyde Handles. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2446:345-356. [PMID: 35157282 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-binding proteins such as nanobodies are extensively used in biomedicine, diagnostics, and as tools for molecular biology. Often such applications require modification of the nanobodies with fluorophores or drugs. Here, we describe a robust method for introduction of aldehyde handles into His-tagged nanobodies and further derivatization of these proteins with hydroxylamine functionalized compounds of interest. The method allows for isolation of nanobodies containing one or more labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Märcher
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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40
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Asaadi Y, Jouneghani FF, Janani S, Rahbarizadeh F. A comprehensive comparison between camelid nanobodies and single chain variable fragments. Biomark Res 2021; 9:87. [PMID: 34863296 PMCID: PMC8642758 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By the emergence of recombinant DNA technology, many antibody fragments have been developed devoid of undesired properties of natural immunoglobulins. Among them, camelid heavy-chain variable domains (VHHs) and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) are the most favored ones. While scFv is used widely in various applications, camelid antibodies (VHHs) can serve as an alternative because of their superior chemical and physical properties such as higher solubility, stability, smaller size, and lower production cost. Here, these two counterparts are compared in structure and properties to identify which one is more suitable for each of their various therapeutic, diagnosis, and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fazlollahi Jouneghani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Janani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Harpaldas H, Arumugam S, Campillo Rodriguez C, Kumar BA, Shi V, Sia SK. Point-of-care diagnostics: recent developments in a pandemic age. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4517-4548. [PMID: 34778896 PMCID: PMC8860149 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We review these advances within the framework of a holistic POC ecosystem, focusing on points of interest - both technological and non-technological - to POC researchers and test developers. Technologically, we review design choices in assay chemistry, microfluidics, and instrumentation towards nucleic acid and protein detection for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and away from the lab bench, developments that supported the unprecedented rapid development, scale up, and deployment of POC devices. We describe common features in the POC technologies that obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for nucleic acid, antigen, and antibody tests, and how these tests fit into four distinct POC use cases. We conclude with implications for future pandemics, infectious disease monitoring, and digital health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Harpaldas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Siddarth Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Bhoomika Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Vivian Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Wagner TR, Rothbauer U. Nanobodies - Little helpers unravelling intracellular signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:46-61. [PMID: 34536541 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of diagnostic and therapeutic targets requires a comprehensive understanding of cellular processes, for which advanced technologies in biomedical research are needed. The emergence of nanobodies (Nbs) derived from antibody fragments of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies as intracellular research tools offers new possibilities to study and modulate target antigens in living cells. Here we summarize this rapidly changing field, beginning with a brief introduction of Nbs, followed by an overview of how target-specific Nbs can be generated, and introduce the selection of intrabodies as research tools. Intrabodies, by definition, are intracellular functional Nbs that target ectopic or endogenous intracellular antigens within living cells. Such binders can be applied in various formats, e.g. as chromobodies for live cell microscopy or as biosensors to decipher complex intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, protein knockouts can be achieved by target-specific Nbs, while modulating Nbs have the potential as future therapeutics. The development of fine-tunable and switchable Nb-based systems that simultaneously provide spatial and temporal control has recently taken the application of these binders to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Nanobody-based CTLA4 inhibitors for immune checkpoint blockade therapy of canine cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20763. [PMID: 34675296 PMCID: PMC8531395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the geriatric dog population. Currently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies has markedly improved the prognosis of several cancers in their advanced stages. However, ICIs targeting CTLA4 blockade to treat canine cancer patients are yet to define. In this study, we sought to develop, characterize and assess whether chimeric heavy chain only antibodies (cHcAbs) against CTLA4 are viable therapeutic candidates for the treatment of canine cancers. Anti-CTLA4 nanobodies (Nbs) were identified from a yeast nanobody (Nb) library using magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS) and flow cytometry. cHcAbs were engineered by genetically fusing the DNA sequences coding for anti-CTLA4 Nbs with the Fc domain of the subclass B of canine IgG. Recombinant cHcAbs were purified from ExpiCHO-S cells. Stable cell lines expressing canine CTLA4 and FcγRI were used to elucidate the binding ability and specificity of cHcAbs. PBMCs isolated from healthy dogs were used to evaluate the ability of cHcAbs to activate canine PBMCs (cPBMCs). Novel Nbs were identified using the extracellular domain of canine CTLA4 protein to screen a fully synthetic yeast nanobody library. Purified Nbs bind specifically to natïve canine CTLA4. We report that chimeric HcAbs, which were engineered by fusing the anti-CTLA4 Nbs and Fc region of subclass B of canine IgG, were half the size of a conventional mAb and formed dimers. The chimeric HcAbs specifically binds both with canine CTLA4 and Fcγ receptors. As the binding of Nbs overlapped with the MYPPPY motif of canine CTLA4, these Nbs were expected to sterically disrupt the interaction of canine CTLA4 to B-7s. Like their human counterpart, canine CTLA4 was expressed on helper T cells and a small subset of cytotoxic T cells. Canine Tregs also constitutively expressed CTLA4, and stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin dramatically increased expression of CTLA4 on the cell surface. Stimulation of cPBMCs in the presence of agonistic anti-CD3 Ab and cHcAb6 significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ as compared to the isotype control. This study identifies a novel nanobody-based CTLA4 inhibitor for the treatment of canine cancer patients.
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Sabol M, Calleja-Agius J, Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Ozcan S, Ward MP, Ozretić P. (In)Distinctive Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Common and Rare Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205040. [PMID: 34680193 PMCID: PMC8534192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare ovarian cancers (ROCs) are OCs with an annual incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 women. They affect women of all ages, but due to their low incidence and the potential clinical inexperience in management, there can be a delay in diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. The underlying causes for these tumors are varied, but generally, the tumors arise due to alterations in gene/protein expression in cellular processes that regulate normal proliferation and its checkpoints. Dysregulation of the cellular processes that lead to cancer includes gene mutations, epimutations, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are defined as transcribed RNA molecules, more than 200 nucleotides in length which are not translated into proteins. They regulate gene expression through several mechanisms and therefore add another level of complexity to the regulatory mechanisms affecting tumor development. Since few studies have been performed on ROCs, in this review we summarize the mechanisms of action of lncRNA in OC, with an emphasis on ROCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sureyya Ozcan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(1)-4571292
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Hrynchak I, Santos L, Falcão A, Gomes CM, Abrunhosa AJ. Nanobody-Based Theranostic Agents for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Radiolabeling Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910745. [PMID: 34639086 PMCID: PMC8509594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer (BC) has been associated with a more aggressive tumor subtype, poorer prognosis and shorter overall survival. In this context, the development of HER2-targeted radiotracers is crucial to provide a non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression to select patients for HER2-targeted therapies, monitor response and identify those who become resistant. Antibodies represent ideal candidates for this purpose, as they provide high contrast images for diagnosis and low toxicity in the therapeutic setting. Of those, nanobodies (Nb) are of particular interest considering their favorable kinetics, crossing of relevant biological membranes and intratumoral distribution. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unique characteristics and advantages of Nb-based radiotracers in BC imaging and therapy. Additionally, radiolabeling methods for Nb including direct labeling, indirect labeling via prosthetic group and indirect labeling via complexation will be discussed, reporting advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, the preclinical to clinical translation of radiolabeled Nbs as promising theranostic agents will be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Liliana Santos
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Célia M. Gomes
- iCBR—Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC—Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Al-Baradie RS. Nanobodies as versatile tools: A focus on targeted tumor therapy, tumor imaging and diagnostics. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:259-272. [PMID: 32831197 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have widely been studied for the immunotherapy of cancer, though their large size appears to limit their functionality in solid tumors, in large part due to unique properties of tumor microenvironment. Smaller formats of antibodies have been developed to throw such restrictions. These small format antibodies include antigen binding fragments, single-chain variable fragments, single variable domain of camelid antibody (so-called nanobody (Nb) or VHH). Since their serendipitous discovery, nanobodies have been studies at length in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes out performing monoclonal antibodies. In addition, these small camelid heavy-chain antibodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. In this review, we shed light on the current status of nanobodies in diagnosis and imaging of tumor and exploiting nanobodies revert immunosuppressive events, modulation of immune checkpoints, and as deliverers of drugs for targeted tumor therapy.
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Nanobodies Enhancing Cancer Visualization, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189778. [PMID: 34575943 PMCID: PMC8472690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices continue to substantially contribute to the fight against cancer. However, these practices do have some risks, adverse effects and limitations, which can affect patient outcomes. Although antibodies have been developed, successfully used and proven beneficial in various oncology practices, the use of antibodies also comes with certain challenges and limitations (large in size, poor tumor penetration, high immunogenicity and a long half-life). Therefore, it is vital to develop new ways to visualize, diagnose and treat cancer. Nanobodies are novel antigen-binding fragments that possess many advantageous properties (small in size, low immunogenicity and a short half-life). Thus, the use of nanobodies in cancer practices may overcome the challenges experienced with using traditional antibodies. In this review, we discuss (1) the challenges with antibody usage and the superior qualities of nanobodies; (2) the use of antibodies and nanobodies in cancer imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy); and (3) the potential improvements in oncology practices due to the use of nanobodies as compared to antibodies.
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Alamoudi AO. Radiomics, aptamers and nanobodies: New insights in cancer diagnostics and imaging. Hum Antibodies 2021; 29:1-15. [PMID: 33554897 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At present, cancer is a major health issue and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Researchers have been working hard on investigating not only improved therapeutics but also on early detection methods, both critical to increasing treatment efficacy and developing methods for disease prevention. Diagnosis of cancers at an early stage can promote timely medical intervention and effective treatment and will result in inhibiting tumor growth and development. Several advances have been made in the diagnostics and imagining technologies for early tumor detection and deciding an effective therapy these include radiomics, nanobodies, and aptamers. Here in this review, we summarize the main applications of radiomics, aptamers, and the use of nanobody-based probes for molecular imaging applications in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluations in the field of oncology to develop quantitative and personalized medicine. The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is predicted that nanobody-based molecular imaging agents will play an important role in the diagnosis and management of different cancer types in near future.
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Sotoudeh N, Noormohammadi Z, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Behdani M. Developing and characterizing a single-domain antibody (nanobody) against human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (hCTLA-4). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1264-1271. [PMID: 35083014 PMCID: PMC8751747 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.57774.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is the most important human immune checkpoint that modulates T cells activity and brings about immune-homeostasis. Accordingly, checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy has been approved as a growing method to block over-expressed immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 receptors. Considering the competitive characteristics of single-domain antibodies with monoclonal antibodies, we tried to develop a camelid Nanobody against human CTLA-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have constructed the VHH gene library by using immunized-camel peripheral blood mononuclear cells and carrying out the Nested-PCR technique. VHH-library was screened by phage display technique and specific nanobodies against CTLA-4 protein were selected and amplified with bio-panning steps. Stronger binders were screened by Periplasmic Extract-ELISA, followed by estimating the complexity of the library. Specific anti-CTLA-4 Nanobody and 3hCTL55, with longer CDR3 and a higher binding rate, were selected for more assays. RESULTS Results revealed the existence of two different clones in the library with 108 binders. In comparison with seven different antigens, using the ELISA technique confirmed the specificity of Nanobody 3hCTL55 against human CTLA-4 antigen. We calculated Nanobody 3hCTL55 affinity for human CTLA-4 antigen at 50×10-9 M, approximately. Performing western blot and Flow-cytometry techniques showed that Nanobody 3hCTL55 was able to specifically detect and attach both commercial human CTLA-4 protein and human CTLA-4 antigen on the cell surface and in the cell lysate. CONCLUSION Taken together, this developed camelid-specific anti-CTLA-4 Nanobody 3hCTL55, selected from a high-quality immune library by phage display technique, may be effective for further study about cancer diagnosis and cancer-therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Sotoudeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran,10.22038/IJBMS.2021.57774.12851
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Khirehgesh MR, Sharifi J, Safari F, Akbari B. Immunotoxins and nanobody-based immunotoxins: review and update. J Drug Target 2021; 29:848-862. [PMID: 33615933 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1894435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxins (ITs) are protein-based drugs that compose of targeting and cytotoxic moieties. After binding the IT to the specific cell-surface antigen, the IT internalises into the target cell and kills it. Targeting and cytotoxic moieties usually include monoclonal antibodies and protein toxins with bacterial or plant origin, respectively. ITs have been successful in haematologic malignancies treatment. However, ITs penetrate poorly into solid tumours because of their large size. Use of camelid antibody fragments known as nanobodies (Nbs) as a targeting moiety may overcome this problem. Nbs are the smallest fragment of antibodies with excellent tumour tissue penetration. The ability to recognise cryptic (immuno-evasive) target antigens, low immunogenicity, and high-affinity are other fundamental characteristics of Nbs that make them suitable candidates in targeted therapy. Here, we reviewed and discussed the structure and function of ITs, Nbs, and nanobody-based ITs. To gain sound insight into the issue at hand, we focussed on nanobody-based ITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khirehgesh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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