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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wei L, Tian D, Zhao D, Yang L. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in neonatal umbilical cord blood. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1109-1119. [PMID: 38816625 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are abundant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in cord blood. It is known that HSCs continue to differentiate to CLP, CMP and erythroid progenitor cells (EPC), EPC ultimately differentiated to platelets and erythrocytes. It has been reported that the proportion of HSCs in cord blood was higher than that in healthy pregnant women, so as the incidence of neonatal polycythemia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. We aimed to investigate whether the hyperglycemic and/or hyperinsulin environment in GDM patients has effects on the differentiation of HSCs into erythrocytes in offspring cord blood. METHODS In this study, we collected cord blood from 23 GDM patients and 52 healthy pregnant women at delivery. HSCs, CLP, CMP and EPCs in cord blood of the two groups were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. HSCs were sorted out and treated with glucose and insulin, respectively, and then, the changes of HSCs proliferation and differentiation were detected. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, HSCs, CMP and EPC numbers in cord blood from GDM group were significantly increased, while CLP cell number was decreased. The differentiation of HSCs into EPC was promoted after treatment with glucose or insulin. CONCLUSION There were more HSCs in the cord blood of GDM group, and the differentiation of HSCs to EPCs was increased. These findings were probably caused by the high-glucose microenvironment and insulin medication in GDM patients, and the HSCs differentiation changes might be influencing factors of the high incidence of neonatal erythrocytosis in GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Obstetrics Department, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Longyan Yang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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2
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Liu F, Ye S, Zhao L, Niu Q. The role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x. [PMID: 38865036 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with high tumorigenic ability and self-renewal potential similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are the key "seeds" for tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence. A better insight into the key mechanisms underlying CSC survival improves the efficiency of cancer therapy via specific targeting of CSCs. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stemness. However, the effect of IGF/IGF-1R signaling on stemness and CSCs and the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. Based on the similarity between CSCs and normal stem cells, this review discusses emerging data on the functions of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in normal stem cells and CSCs and dissects the underlying mechanisms by which IGF/IGF-1R signaling is involved in CSCs. On the other hand, this review highlighted the role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling blockade in multiple CSCs as a potential strategy to improve CSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Susu Ye
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Costa-Júnior DA, Souza Valente TN, Belisário AR, Carvalho GQ, Madeira M, Velloso-Rodrigues C. Association of ZBTB38 gene polymorphism (rs724016) with height and fetal hemoglobin in individuals with sickle cell anemia. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101086. [PMID: 38800625 PMCID: PMC11127270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our study evaluated the association of the polymorphism rs724016 in the ZBTB38 gene, previously associated with height in other populations, with predictors of height, clinical outcomes, and laboratory parameters in sickle cell anemia (SCA). Methods Cross-sectional study with individuals with SCA and aged between 3 and 20 years. Clinical, laboratory, molecular, and bone age (BA) data were evaluated. Levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were adjusted for BA, target height (TH) was calculated as the mean parental height standard deviation score (SDS), and predicted adult height (PAH) SDS was calculated using BA. Results We evaluated 80 individuals with SCA. The homozygous genotype of the G allele of rs724016 was associated with a lower height SDS (p < 0.001) and, in a additive genetic model, was negatively associated with HbF levels (p = 0.016). Lower adjusted IGF-1 levels were associated with co-inheritance of alpha-thalassemia and with the absence of HU therapy. Elevated HbF levels were associated with a lower deficit in adjusted growth potential (TH minus PAH). Conclusion Our analysis shows that SNP rs724016 in the ZBTB38 is associated with shorter height and lower HbF levels, an important modifier of SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domício Antônio Costa-Júnior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Governador Valadares Campus (UFJF-GV), Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Madeira
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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4
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Liu X, Teng Y, Li H, Luo D, Li H, Shen J, Du S, Zhang Y, Wang D, Jing J. Identification of IGF2 promotes skin wound healing by co-expression analysis. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14862. [PMID: 38572823 PMCID: PMC10993366 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosa is an ideal model for studying scarless wound healing. Researchers have shown that the key factors which promote scarless wound healing already exist in basal state of oral mucosa. Thus, to identify the other potential factors in basal state of oral mucosa will benefit to skin wound healing. In this study, we identified eight gene modules enriched in wound healing stages of human skin and oral mucosa through co-expression analysis, among which the module M8 was only module enriched in basal state of oral mucosa, indicating that the genes in module M8 may have key factors mediating scarless wound healing. Through bioinformatic analysis of genes in module M8, we found IGF2 may be the key factor mediating scarless wound healing of oral mucosa. Then, we purified IGF2 protein by prokaryotic expression, and we found that IGF2 could promote the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells. Moreover, IGF2 promoted wound re-epithelialization and accelerated wound healing in a full-thickness skin wound model. Our findings identified IGF2 as a factor to promote skin wound healing which provide a potential target for wound healing therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ying Teng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Huan Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ding Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Hongkun Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jinghan Shen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Simin Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuyue Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jie Jing
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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5
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Allen KJH, Kwon O, Hutcheson MR, Grudzinski JJ, Cain SM, Cruz FA, Vinayakamoorthy RM, Sun YS, Fairley L, Prabaharan CB, Dickinson R, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Uppalapati M, Bednarz BP, Dadachova E. Image-Based Dosimetry in Dogs and Cross-Reactivity with Human Tissues of IGF2R-Targeting Human Antibody. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:979. [PMID: 37513891 PMCID: PMC10384855 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) represents the most common primary bone tumor in humans and in companion dogs, being practically phenotypically identical. There is a need for effective treatments to extend the survival of patients with OS. Here, we examine the dosimetry in beagle dogs and cross-reactivity with human tissues of a novel human antibody, IF3, that targets the insulin growth factor receptor type 2 (IGF2R), which is overexpressed on OS cells, making it a candidate for radioimmunotherapy of OS. METHODS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IF3 was injected into three healthy beagle dogs. PET/CT was conducted at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. RAPID analysis was used to determine the dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-CHXA"-IF3 for a clinical trial in companion dogs with OS. IF3 antibody was biotinylated, and a multitude of human tissues were assessed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PET/CT revealed that only the liver, bone marrow, and adrenal glands had high uptake. Clearance was initially through renal and hepatobiliary excretion in the first 72 h followed by primarily physical decay. RAPID analysis showed bone marrow to be the dose-limiting organ with a therapeutic range for 177Lu calculated to be 0.487-0.583 GBq. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the absence of IGF2R expression on the surface of healthy human cells, thus suggesting that radioimmunotherapy with [177Lu]Lu-CHXA"-IF3 will be well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Image-based dosimetry has defined a safe therapeutic range for canine clinical trials, while immunohistochemistry has suggested that the antibody will not cross-react with healthy human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J H Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stuart M Cain
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Ying S Sun
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Chandra B Prabaharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ryan Dickinson
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Maruti Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Bryan P Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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6
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Lozano-Ureña A, Lázaro-Carot L, Jiménez-Villalba E, Montalbán-Loro R, Mateos-White I, Duart-Abadía P, Martínez-Gurrea I, Nakayama KI, Fariñas I, Kirstein M, Gil-Sanz C, Ferrón SR. IGF2 interacts with the imprinted gene Cdkn1c to promote terminal differentiation of neural stem cells. Development 2023; 150:286545. [PMID: 36633189 PMCID: PMC9903205 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is supported by multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) with unique properties and growth requirements. Adult NSCs constitute a reversibly quiescent cell population that can be activated by extracellular signals from the microenvironment in which they reside in vivo. Although genomic imprinting plays a role in adult neurogenesis through dose regulation of some relevant signals, the roles of many imprinted genes in the process remain elusive. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is encoded by an imprinted gene that contributes to NSC maintenance in the adult subventricular zone through a biallelic expression in only the vascular compartment. We show here that IGF2 additionally promotes terminal differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes by inducing the expression of the maternally expressed gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1c (Cdkn1c), encoding the cell cycle inhibitor p57. Using intraventricular infusion of recombinant IGF2 in a conditional mutant strain with Cdkn1c-deficient NSCs, we confirm that p57 partially mediates the differentiation effects of IGF2 in NSCs and that this occurs independently of its role in cell-cycle progression, balancing the relationship between astrogliogenesis, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lozano-Ureña
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Laura Lázaro-Carot
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Esteban Jiménez-Villalba
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Raquel Montalbán-Loro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Isabel Mateos-White
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Pere Duart-Abadía
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Gurrea
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Cristina Gil-Sanz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Sacri R. Ferrón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain,Author for correspondence ()
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7
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Maintenance of methylation profile in imprinting control regions in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:190. [PMID: 36578048 PMCID: PMC9798676 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that leads to monoallelic expression of a subset of genes depending on their parental origin. Imprinting disorders (IDs), caused by disturbances of imprinted genes, are a set of rare congenital diseases that mainly affect growth, metabolism and development. To date, there is no accurate model to study the physiopathology of IDs or test therapeutic strategies. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising cellular approach to model human diseases and complex genetic disorders. However, aberrant hypermethylation of imprinting control regions (ICRs) may appear during the reprogramming process and subsequent culture of iPSCs. Therefore, we tested various conditions of reprogramming and culture of iPSCs and performed an extensive analysis of methylation marks at the ICRs to develop a cellular model that can be used to study IDs. RESULTS We assessed the methylation levels at seven imprinted loci in iPSCs before differentiation, at various passages of cell culture, and during chondrogenic differentiation. Abnormal methylation levels were found, with hypermethylation at 11p15 H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and 14q32 MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR, independently of the reprogramming method and cells of origin. Hypermethylation at these two loci led to the loss of parental imprinting (LOI), with biallelic expression of the imprinted genes IGF2 and DLK1, respectively. The epiPS™ culture medium combined with culturing of the cells under hypoxic conditions prevented hypermethylation at H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (ICR1) and MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR, as well as at other imprinted loci, while preserving the proliferation and pluripotency qualities of these iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS An extensive and quantitative analysis of methylation levels of ICRs in iPSCs showed hypermethylation of certain ICRs in human iPSCs, especially paternally methylated ICRs, and subsequent LOI of certain imprinted genes. The epiPS™ culture medium and culturing of the cells under hypoxic conditions prevented hypermethylation of ICRs in iPSCs. We demonstrated that the reprogramming and culture in epiPS™ medium allow the generation of control iPSCs lines with a balanced methylation and ID patient iPSCs lines with unbalanced methylation. Human iPSCs are therefore a promising cellular model to study the physiopathology of IDs and test therapies in tissues of interest.
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8
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Jeong HW, Koh BI, Watson EC, Xu C, Stehling M, Zhou B, Adams RH. A specialized bone marrow microenvironment for fetal haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1327. [PMID: 35288551 PMCID: PMC8921288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult mammalian bone marrow (BM), vascular endothelial cells and perivascular reticular cells control the function of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). During fetal development, the mechanisms regulating the de novo haematopoietic cell colonization of BM remain largely unknown. Here, we show that fetal and adult BM exhibit fundamental differences in cellular composition and molecular interactions by single cell RNA sequencing. While fetal femur is largely devoid of leptin receptor-expressing cells, arterial endothelial cells (AECs) provide Wnt ligand to control the initial HSPC expansion. Haematopoietic stem cells and c-Kit+ HSPCs are reduced when Wnt secretion by AECs is genetically blocked. We identify Wnt2 as AEC-derived signal that activates β-catenin-dependent proliferation of fetal HSPCs. Treatment of HSPCs with Wnt2 promotes their proliferation and improves engraftment after transplantation. Our work reveals a fundamental switch in the cellular organization and molecular regulation of BM niches in the embryonic and adult organism. The colonization of bone marrow by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is critical for lifelong blood cell formation. Here the authors report distinct features of fetal bone marrow and show that artery-derived signals promote haematopoietic colonization.
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9
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Hangai M, Piedvache A, Sawada N, Okubo Y, Sampei M, Yamaoka Y, Tanaka K, Hosozawa M, Morisaki N, Igarashi T. Children's daily lives and well-being: Findings from the CORONA-CODOMO survey 1st wave. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14981. [PMID: 34480819 PMCID: PMC8662137 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has changed people's lives dramatically. Few data on the acute effects of the pandemic on children's daily lives and well-being have been published to date. This study aimed to capture its effects on Japanese children during the first peak of the outbreak. METHODS We conducted a web-based, anonymous cross-sectional survey targeting Japanese children aged 7-17 years and parents/guardians of children aged 0-17 years. Eligible individuals were invited to participate in the survey from April 30 to May 31, 2020. This self-report questionnaire examined daily life and behaviors, psychological symptoms, well-being, quality of life, and positive parenting or abusive behaviors at the very beginning of the outbreak. RESULTS A total of 2,591 children and 6,116 parents/guardians participated in our survey. Sixty-two percent of children reported screen time exceeding 2 h. Twenty percent of children reported abusive behaviors by family members. Nine in ten parents/guardians of school-aged children reported that their child had at least one acute stress symptom in the past month. Average mental health subscale scores from KINDLR questionnaire on quality of life were lower than the national average for all grades. Nearly half of parents/guardians refrained from seeking medical care for the child's symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had serious acute impacts on Japanese children's daily lives, well-being, family relationships, and health-care utilization, including some impacts that are potentially long-lasting; thus, proactive interventions and services are needed, as well as longitudinal surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hangai
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Aurelie Piedvache
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Naomi Sawada
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makiko Sampei
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yui Yamaoka
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Mariko Hosozawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Igarashi
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
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10
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Lee KL, Aitken JF, Li X, Montgomery K, Hsu HL, Williams GM, Brimble MA, Cooper GJ. Vesiculin derived from IGF-II drives increased islet cell mass in a mouse model of pre-diabetes. Islets 2022; 14:14-22. [PMID: 34632959 PMCID: PMC8632304 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2021.1982326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet-cell function and volume are both key determinants of the maintenance of metabolic health. Insulin resistance and islet-cell dysfunction often occur in the earlier stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression. The ability of the islet cells to respond to insulin resistance by increasing hormone output accompanied by increased islet-cell volume is key to maintaining blood glucose control and preventing further disease progression. Eventual β-cell loss is the main driver of full-blown T2D and insulin-dependency. Researchers are targeting T2D with approaches that include those aimed at enhancing the function of the patient's existing β-cell population, or replacing islet β-cells. Another approach is to look for agents that enhance the natural capacity of the β-cell population to expand. Here we aimed to study the effects of a new putative β-cell growth factor on a mouse model of pre-diabetes. We asked whether: 1) 4-week's treatment with vesiculin, a two-chain peptide derived by processing from IGF-II, had any measurable effect on pre-diabetic mice vs vehicle; and 2) whether the effects were the same in non-diabetic littermate controls. Although treatment with vesiculin did not alter blood glucose levels over this time period, there was a doubling of the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) detectable in the islets of treated pre-diabetic but not control mice and this was accompanied by increased insulin- and glucagon-positive stained areas in the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- CONTACT Kate L. Lee Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BioDiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline F. Aitken
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xun Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Huai-L. Hsu
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, and the School of Biomedicine, the Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, and the School of Biomedicine, the Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Garth J.S. Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, and the School of Biomedicine, the Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Zhou X, Yang T, Li X, Wei T, Xu Y, Mao Y, Lei C. The Effect of Nano-Silica Gel on Biological Activity of Osteoblasts and Expression of Insulin-Like and Growth Factor-2. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2259-2264. [PMID: 34906286 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect nano-silica gel material on bioactivity of osteoblasts and expression of IGF-2. Methods: Silica gel nanoparticles (Nanjing Kike Company) were divided according to their concentrations as follows; 0 μg/mL a control group with cells without nanoparticle treatment, 25 μg/mL as group 1, 50 μg/mL as group 2, and 100 μg/mL as group 3. The transmission electron microscope was used to measure morphology, while particle size analyzer was used to measure particle size, and potential analyzer measured Zeta potential, and MTT measured proliferation.Moreover, ALP kit was used to measure ALP activity, and Alizarin red staining measured formation of wild flower nodules, while RT-PCR was used to measure expression of IGF-2. Results: The shape of silica gel nanoparticles was spherical, with uniform particle size distribution, and particle size was between 50-800 nm. The average particle size was 383 nm, and Zeta potential was -12.3. The growth rate of control group and group 1 was relatively close (t = 0.95, P = 0.37), and growth rate of groups 2 and 3 was higher than control (group t2 = 5.63, P < 0.05, group t3 = 10.38, P < 0.05). The value-added rate for group 3 was higher than group 2 (t = 4.41, P < 0.05). Group 1 had higher activity than control group (t = 10.29, P < 0.05) and lower activity than group 3 (t = 9.85, P < 0.05) which had higher activity than group 2 (t = 4.16, P < 0.05). Groups 1, 2, and 3 induced the growth of osteoblasts, promoted calcium salt deposition, and produced red mineralized nodules where the cells converged. The formation of mineralized nodules obviously depended on concentration of silica nanoparticles. Group 1 had higher IGF-2 expression than control (t = 19.99, P < 0.05) and lower level than group 2 (t = 16.69, P < 0.05). Silica gel nanoparticles promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. The mechanism of action may be that, silica gel nanoparticles accelerate the growth of ALP activity and osteoblast extracellular matrix mineralization by promoting the level of IGF-2. The production of chemical nodules accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xin Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Ying Xu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yunyuan Mao
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Chen Lei
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
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12
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H3K27me3-rich genomic regions can function as silencers to repress gene expression via chromatin interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:719. [PMID: 33514712 PMCID: PMC7846766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying gene repression and silencers are poorly understood. Here we investigate the hypothesis that H3K27me3-rich regions of the genome, defined from clusters of H3K27me3 peaks, may be used to identify silencers that can regulate gene expression via proximity or looping. We find that H3K27me3-rich regions are associated with chromatin interactions and interact preferentially with each other. H3K27me3-rich regions component removal at interaction anchors by CRISPR leads to upregulation of interacting target genes, altered H3K27me3 and H3K27ac levels at interacting regions, and altered chromatin interactions. Chromatin interactions did not change at regions with high H3K27me3, but regions with low H3K27me3 and high H3K27ac levels showed changes in chromatin interactions. Cells with H3K27me3-rich regions knockout also show changes in phenotype associated with cell identity, and altered xenograft tumor growth. Finally, we observe that H3K27me3-rich regions-associated genes and long-range chromatin interactions are susceptible to H3K27me3 depletion. Our results characterize H3K27me3-rich regions and their mechanisms of functioning via looping.
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13
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Radhakrishnan VK, Ravichandran K, Eke C, Ortiz-Vicil A, Tan Q, León MD, León DDD. Methylation of a newly identified region of the INS-IGF2 gene determines IGF2 expression in breast cancer tumors and in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3904-3920. [PMID: 33216823 PMCID: PMC7646830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF2 is essential in breast differentiation, lactation, tumor growth, and in breast cancer (BC) development and progression. This growth factor also inhibits apoptosis and promotes metastasis and chemoresistance, contributing to more aggressive tumors. We previously demonstrated that IGF2 protein levels are higher in BC tissues from African American women than in Caucasian women. We also showed that high IGF2 protein levels are expressed in normal breast tissues of African American women while little or no IGF2 was detected in tissues from Caucasian women. Others showed that decreased DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene leads to different BC clinical features. Thus, we designed this study to determine if differentially methylated regions of the IGF2 gene correspond to IGF2 protein expression in paired (Normal/Tumor) breast tissues and in BC cell lines. Methylation analysis was performed using Sodium Bisulphite Analysis and Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme digestion methods. Our results show that a unique site in the INS-IGF2 region is hypermethylated in normal breast and hypomethylated in breast cancer. We designated this region the DVDMR. Furthermore, the methylation levels in the DVDMR significantly correlated with IGF2 protein levels. This novel DMR consists of 257bp localized in the INS-IGF2 gene. We propose that methylation of DVDMR represents a novel epigenetic biomarker that determines the levels of IGF2 protein expression in breast cancer. Since IGF2 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance, we propose that IGF2 levels contribute to BC aggressiveness. Validation of IGF2 as a biomarker will improve diagnosis and treatment of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kameswaran Ravichandran
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chibuzo Eke
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Amanda Ortiz-Vicil
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qianwei Tan
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Marino De León
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Daisy D De León
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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14
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Del Corvo M, Bongiorni S, Stefanon B, Sgorlon S, Valentini A, Ajmone Marsan P, Chillemi G. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Cows Subjected to Different Stress Level as Assessed by Cortisol in Milk. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080850. [PMID: 32722461 PMCID: PMC7464205 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle health, wellbeing and productivity are deeply affected by stress. Its influence on metabolism and immune response is well known, but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms require further investigation. In this study, we compared DNA methylation and gene expression signatures between two dairy cattle populations falling in the high- and low-variant tails of the distribution of milk cortisol concentration (MC), a neuroendocrine marker of stress in dairy cows. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing was used to obtain a methylation map from blood samples of these animals. The high and low groups exhibited similar amounts of methylated CpGs, while we found differences among non-CpG sites. Significant methylation changes were detected in 248 genes. We also identified significant fold differences in the expression of 324 genes. KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that genes of both groups act together in several pathways, such as nervous system activity, immune regulatory functions and glucocorticoid metabolism. These preliminary results suggest that, in livestock, cortisol secretion could act as a trigger for epigenetic regulation and that peripheral changes in methylation can provide an insight into central nervous system functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Del Corvo
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre—PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
- Istituto di Biologia e BiotecnologiaAgraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Bongiorni
- Department of Ecological and Biological sciences DEB, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science–University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (B.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science–University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (B.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre—PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
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15
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Nieuwenhuis S, Okkersen K, Widomska J, Blom P, 't Hoen PAC, van Engelen B, Glennon JC. Insulin Signaling as a Key Moderator in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1229. [PMID: 31849810 PMCID: PMC6901991 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by multi-system involvement. Affected organ system includes skeletal muscle, heart, gastro-intestinal system and the brain. In this review, we evaluate the evidence for alterations in insulin signaling and their relation to clinical DM1 features. We start by summarizing the molecular pathophysiology of DM1. Next, an overview of normal insulin signaling physiology is given, and evidence for alterations herein in DM1 is presented. Clinically, evidence for involvement of insulin signaling pathways in DM1 is based on the increased incidence of insulin resistance seen in clinical practice and recent trial evidence of beneficial effects of metformin on muscle function. Indirectly, further support may be derived from certain CNS derived symptoms characteristic of DM1, such as obsessive-compulsive behavior features, for which links with altered insulin signaling has been demonstrated in other diseases. At the basic scientific level, several pathophysiological mechanisms that operate in DM1 may compromise normal insulin signaling physiology. The evidence presented here reflects the importance of insulin signaling in relation to clinical features of DM1 and justifies further basic scientific and clinical, therapeutically oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Okkersen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Widomska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Blom
- VDL Enabling Technologies Group B.V., Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Baziel van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Li K, Chen S, Cai P, Chen K, Li L, Yang X, Yi J, Luo X, Du Y, Zheng H. MiRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 49:101479. [PMID: 31706013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-483-5p and IGF2 in osteoclast formation. METHODS Blood and bone tissues were collected from osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis patients with hip fractures for gene expression analysis. CD14 + peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for differentiating osteoclasts. MiR-483-5p mimic and inhibitor was transfected into CD14 + PBMCs, respectively. Predicted by TargetScan and verified by Dual-luciferase reporter assay system, insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) could be targeted by miR-483-5p. IGF2 expression vector was co-transfected with miR-483-5p mimic to study the role of IGF2 in miR-483-5p affecting osteoclast differentiation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell apoptosis analysis. RESULTS High-expressed miR-483-5p and low-expressed IGF2 were frequently found in the serums and bone tissues derived from osteoporotic patients. We found that up-regulation of miR-483-5p in CD14 + PBMCs notably increased the number of TRAP-positive cells, at the same time, the expression levels of TRAP, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), cytoplasmic 1 (NFAT2) and Cathepsin K (CTSK) were also up-regulated. However, overexpressed IGF2 effectively reversed such effects produced by up-regulation of miR-483-5p on osteoclastogenesis-related factors in CD14 + PBMCs. Moreover, forced expression of IGF2 could also enhance apoptosis of osteoclasts reduced by miR-483-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Shenghao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Pingyuan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Xingshun Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China.
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17
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Sex differences in transcriptomic profiles in aged kidney cells of renin lineage. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:606-621. [PMID: 29676999 PMCID: PMC5940125 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renin expressing cells in the kidney’s juxta-glomeruluar compartment likely also serve as progenitors for adult glomerular cells in disease. Although these cells of renin lineage (CoRL) decrease in number with advancing kidney age, accompanied by less responsiveness to typical stimuli such as ACE-inhibition, mechanisms and the impact of sex as a biological variable with age are not known. Accordingly, labeled CoRL were sorted from individual young (2m) and aged (27m) male and female Ren1cCre|ZsGreen reporter mice, and their transcriptomic profiles analyzed by RNA seq. When both aged female and male mice were combined, there were 48 differentially expressed genes (DEG) compared to young mice. However, when compared to their young sex-matched mice, aged female and male mice had 159 and 503 DEGs respectively. In addition to marked differences in individual genes between aged female and male mice, gene ontology analysis showed major pathway differences by sex. The majority of DEGs in one sex did not significantly change or changed in the opposite direction in the other sex. These results show that in CoRL of advanced age, individual genes and gene ontologies change, but differ between female and male mice, highlighting sex related differences the aging process.
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18
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Bar S, Benvenisty N. Epigenetic aberrations in human pluripotent stem cells. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018101033. [PMID: 31088843 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are being increasingly utilized worldwide in investigating human development, and modeling and discovering therapies for a wide range of diseases as well as a source for cellular therapy. Yet, since the first isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) 20 years ago, followed by the successful reprogramming of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) 10 years later, various studies shed light on abnormalities that sometimes accumulate in these cells in vitro Whereas genetic aberrations are well documented, epigenetic alterations are not as thoroughly discussed. In this review, we highlight frequent epigenetic aberrations found in hPSCs, including alterations in DNA methylation patterns, parental imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. We discuss the potential origins of these abnormalities in hESCs and hiPSCs, survey the different methods for detecting them, and elaborate on their potential consequences for the different utilities of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Bar
- Department of Genetics, The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- Department of Genetics, The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Abu-Khader A, Law KW, Jahan S, Manesia JK, Pasha R, Hovey O, Pineault N. Paracrine Factors Released by Osteoblasts Provide Strong Platelet Engraftment Properties. Stem Cells 2018; 37:345-356. [PMID: 30520180 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) and progenitors may one day overcome the slow platelet engraftment kinetics associated with umbilical cord blood transplantation. Serum-free medium conditioned with osteoblasts (i.e., osteoblast-conditioned medium [OCM]) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) was previously shown to increase cell growth and raise the levels of human platelets in mice transplanted with OCM-expanded progenitors. Herein, we characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these osteoblast-derived properties. Limiting dilution transplantation assays revealed that osteoblasts secrete soluble factors that synergize with exogenously added cytokines to promote the production of progenitors with short-term platelet engraftment activities, and to a lesser extent with long-term platelet engraftment activities. OCM also modulated the expression repertoire of cell-surface receptors implicated in the trafficking of HSC and progenitors to the bone marrow. Furthermore, OCM contains growth factors with prosurvival and proliferation activities that synergized with stem cell factor. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-2 was found to be present at higher levels in OCM than in control medium conditioned with MSC. Inhibition of the IGF-1 receptor, which conveys IGF-2' intracellular signaling, largely abolished the growth-promoting activity of OCM on immature CD34+ subsets and progenitors in OCM cultures. Finally, IGF-1R effects appear to be mediated in part by the coactivator β-catenin. In summary, these results provide new insights into the paracrine regulatory activities of osteoblasts on HSC, and how these can be used to modulate the engraftment properties of human HSC and progenitors expanded in culture. Stem Cells 2019;37:345-356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Khader
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kyle W Law
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suria Jahan
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Javed K Manesia
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Owen Hovey
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Himes BE, Obraztsova K, Lian L, Shumyatcher M, Rue R, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Hur SK, Bartolomei MS, Evans JF, Krymskaya VP. Rapamycin-independent IGF2 expression in Tsc2-null mouse embryo fibroblasts and human lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197105. [PMID: 29758070 PMCID: PMC5951544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, almost exclusively female lung disease linked to inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a tumor suppressor gene that controls cell metabolic state and growth via regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling. mTORC1 is frequently activated in human cancers and, although the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin has a cytostatic effect, it is, in general, unable to elicit a robust curative effect or tumor regression. Using RNA-Seq, we identified (1) Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF2) as one of the genes with the highest fold-change difference between human TSC2-null and TSC2-expressing angiomyolipoma cells from a patient with LAM, and (2) the mouse IGF2 homolog Igf2, as a top-ranking gene according to fold change between Tsc2-/- and Tsc2+/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). We extended transcript-level findings to protein level, observing increased Igf2 protein expression and Igf2 secretion by Tsc2-/- MEFs. Increased Igf2 expression was not due to epigenetic imprinting, but was partially mediated through the Stat3 pathway and was completely insensitive to rapamycin treatment. An siRNA-mediated decrease of Igf2 resulted in decreased Stat3 phosphorylation, suggesting presence of an autocrine Igf2/Stat3 amplification cycle in Tsc2-/- MEFs. In human pulmonary LAM lesions and metastatic cell clusters, high levels of IGF2 were associated with mTORC1 activation. In addition, treatment of three primary IGF2-expressing LAM lung cell lines with rapamycin did not result in IGF2 level changes. Thus, targeting of IGF2 signaling may be of therapeutic value to LAM patients, particularly those who are unresponsive to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kseniya Obraztsova
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lurong Lian
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan Rue
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stella K. Hur
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marisa S. Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jilly F. Evans
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vera P. Krymskaya
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Farzi-Molan A, Babashah S, Bakhshinejad B, Atashi A, Fakhr Taha M. Down-regulation of the non-coding RNA H19 and its derived miR-675 is concomitant with up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 during neural-like differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:940-948. [PMID: 29512257 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into specific lineages offers new opportunities to use the therapeutic efficiency of these pluripotent cells in regenerative medicine. Multiple lines of evidence have revealed that non-coding RNAs play major roles in the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells. Here, we applied a cocktail of neural inducing factors (NIFs) to differentiate BMSCs into neural-like cells. Our data demonstrated that during neurogenic induction, BMSCs obtained a neuron-like morphology. Also, the results of gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR showed progressively increasing expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and immunocytochemical staining detected the expression of these neuron-specific markers along differentiated BMSC bodies and cytoplasmic processes, confirming the differentiation of BMSCs into neuronal lineages. We also compared differences in the expression levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and H19-derived miR-675 between undifferentiated and neurally differentiated BMSCs and found that during neural differentiation down-regulation of the lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis is concomitant with up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-1R), a well-established target of miR-675 involved in neurogenesis. The findings of the current study provide support for the hypothesis that miR-675 may confer functionality to H19, suggesting a key role for this miRNA in the neural differentiation of BSMCs. However, further investigation is required to gain deeper insights into the biological roles of this miRNA in the complex process of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Farzi-Molan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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22
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Xu WW, Li B, Zhao JF, Yang JG, Li JQ, Tsao SW, He QY, Cheung ALM. IGF2 induces CD133 expression in esophageal cancer cells to promote cancer stemness. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:88-100. [PMID: 29604392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Failure to eradicate cancer stem cells (CSC) during primary therapy may lead to cancer recurrence. We recently reported that CD133 is a functional biomarker for CSCs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) but the molecular pathways critical for maintenance of CD133-positive CSCs are largely unknown. Here, we revealed that knockdown of IGF2 or treatment with PI3K/AKT inhibitors markedly inhibited the abilities of CD133-positive ESCC cells to self-renew, resist chemotherapeutic drugs, and form tumors. Further functional analysis identified miR-377 as a downstream regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling, and a mediator of the effects of IGF2 on CD133 expression and CSC properties. We found that the expression levels of IGF2 and CD133 were positively correlated with each other in primary ESCC, and that concurrent elevation of IGF2 and CD133 expression was significantly associated with poor patient survival. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that IGF2-neutralizing antibody enhanced the sensitivity of tumor xenografts in nude mice to 5-fluorouracil treatment. This study underpins the importance of the IGF2-PI3K/AKT-miR-377-CD133 signaling axis in the maintenance of cancer stemness and in the development of novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jian Fu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Ge Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun Qi Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Annie L M Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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